Journal articles: 'SDI'

1

Worden, Simon P. "SDI." IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine 2, no. 3 (March 1987): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/maes.1987.5005346.

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Purwatiningsih, Sri Endang, Sukamdi Sukamdi, and Sri Rum Giyarsih. "The comparative analysis of TL-SDI values, within the area of administrative posts in the municipality of oecusse." E3S Web of Conferences 200 (2020): 04006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020004006.

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This research aims to analyze and compare value of TL-SDI, within area of administrative posts in the municipality of Oecusse related to internal migration status. This study uses a quantitative approach based on the CPH-TL 2015 and TLSLS 2014 data, using lifetime migration that applied on the concept of TL-SDI, SCI, EcCI, and EnCI within area of administrative posts in the municipality of Oecusse. Analysis comparison of TL-SDI uses CSpro, SPSS, and Excel, tools with the amount of sustainable development indexes is the percentage of migration rates. The results of this study have produced three (3) type of specific values of TL-SDI, rejected the hypothesis that there is no significance the values of TL-SDI between the migrant population and the non-migrant population. The TL-SDI values in migrant populations are higher than in non-migrant populations. TL-SDI values in each region can be used as an evaluation of the results of development so far has been running and can be used as regional planning material, especially for indigenous people or migrants who come to the region.

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Ahmed Mohammed, Maged Elsayed, Mohammed Refdan Alhajhoj, Hassan Muzzamil Ali-Dinar, and Muhammad Munir. "Impact of a Novel Water-Saving Subsurface Irrigation System on Water Productivity, Photosynthetic Characteristics, Yield, and Fruit Quality of Date Palm under Arid Conditions." Agronomy 10, no. 9 (August 27, 2020): 1265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10091265.

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Water scarcity is a major constraint in arid and semi-arid regions. Crops that require less irrigation water and those, which are considered drought-tolerant such as date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.), are dominant in these regions. Despite the tolerance of these crops, the development of technologies that ensure efficient use of irrigation water is imperative. Taking these issues into consideration, the study was conducted to investigate the impact of limited irrigation water using a new subsurface irrigation system (SSI) on gas exchange, chlorophyll content, water use efficiency, water productivity, fruit physicochemical characteristics, and yield of date palm (cv. Sheshi). The impact of the SSI system was compared with two surface irrigation systems, namely, surface drip irrigation (SDI) and surface bubbler irrigation (SBI). The field experiment was carried out during 2018 and 2019 at the Date Palm Research Center of Excellence, King Faisal University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The annual crop evapotranspiration (ETc) was 2544 mm. The applied irrigation water was set at 50%, 75%, and 125% of ETc for SSI, SDI, and SBI, respectively, which were based on the higher crop water productivity recorded in an initial field study. The total annual volume of water applied for SSI, SDI, and SBI was 22.89, 34.34, and 57.24 m3 palm−1, respectively. The crop water productivity (CWP) at the SSI system was significantly higher, with a value of 1.15 kg m−3, compared to the SDI (0.51 kg m−3) and SBI systems (0.37 kg m−3). The photosynthetic water use efficiency (WUE) was 10.09, 9.96, and 9.56 μmol CO2 mmol−1 H2O for SSI, SBI, and SDI, respectively. The maximum chlorophyll content (62.4 SPAD) was observed in SBI, followed by SSI (58.9 SPAD) and SDI (56.9 SPAD). Similarly, net photosynthesis and the transpiration rate were significantly higher in SBI and lowest in SSI. However, the SSI system substantially increased palm yield and enhanced fruit quality. The new SSI system, through its positive impact on the efficiency of irrigation water use and enhancement on fruit yield and fruit quality of date palm, seems quite suitable for the irrigation of palm trees in arid and semi-arid regions.

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Gottfried, Kurt. "SDI Report." Science 237, no. 4816 (August 14, 1987): 707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.237.4816.707.a.

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Soter, Steven. "SDI Survey." Science 235, no. 4791 (February 20, 1987): 831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.235.4791.831-a.

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Gange, R. "SDI Goals." Science 235, no. 4786 (January 16, 1987): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.235.4786.268-b.

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WILLS, PETER. "SDI boycott." Nature 325, no. 6107 (February 1987): 754. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/325754b0.

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NORTH, ROY D. "SDI defended." Nature 337, no. 6203 (January 1989): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/337110d0.

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Penzias, Ahno. "SDI Clarification." Physics Today 38, no. 11 (November 1985): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2814793.

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Lakoff, Sanford, and Herbert F. York. "Why SDI?" Journal of Policy History 1, no. 1 (January 1989): 44–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898030600004590.

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Since the onset of the Cold War, and particularly after both superpowers began to amass large arsenals of nuclear weapons, military planners in the East and West have encouraged efforts to develop defenses against nuclear attacks. Both sides have made effective use of “passive” defenses, such as the hardening and dispersal of weapons systems likely to be the prime targets of a preemptive strike and the provision of shelters for command authorities and vital communications centers. Both sides have also tried, but with far less success, to develop “active” defenses, but against the varied and daunting challenge of modern strategic systems, all such efforts so far have been largely in vain, even though they have been undertaken at considerable expense and with great technical sophistication. The main reason is that every advance in active defense has been offset by compensatory improvements in offensive forces.

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GANGE, R. "SDI Goals." Science 235, no. 4786 (January 16, 1987): 268b. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.235.4786.268b.

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SOTER, S. "SDI Survey." Science 235, no. 4791 (February 20, 1987): 831a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.235.4791.831a.

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GOTTFRIED, K. "SDI Report." Science 237, no. 4816 (August 14, 1987): 707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.237.4816.707.

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14

Pohl, Ira. "SDI software." ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes 11, no. 2 (April 1986): 18–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/382248.382812.

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Horgan, John. "Econo-SDI." Scientific American 260, no. 2 (February 1989): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0289-14a.

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Bond, Alex, and Sam Pirritano. "Optical SDI Networks: Evaluating Robustness in Your SDI Network." SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal 120, no. 7 (October 2011): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5594/j18106.

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Li, Hui. "The Lyman-α Solar Telescope (LST) for the ASO-S mission." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 11, S320 (August 2015): 436–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921316000533.

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AbstractThe Lyman-α (Lyα) Solar Telescope (LST) is one of the payloads for the proposed Space-Borne Advanced Solar Observatory (ASO-S). LST consists of a Solar Disk Imager (SDI) with a field-of-view (FOV) of 1.2 R⊙ (R⊙ = solar radius), a Solar Corona Imager (SCI) with an FOV of 1.1 - 2.5 R⊙, and a full-disk White-light Solar Telescope (WST) with the same FOV as the SDI, which also serves as the guiding telescope. The SCI is designed to work in the Lyα (121.6 nm) waveband and white-light (for polarization brightness observation), while the SDI will work in the Lyα waveband only. The WST works in both visible (for guide) and ultraviolet (for science) broadband. The LST will observe the Sun from disk-center up to 2.5 R⊙ for both solar flares and coronal mass ejections with high tempo-spatial resolution

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Khan, Samiullah, Mohsin Ul Alam, Naseebu Rahman, Radhia Khan, Tariq Mehar, and Muhammad Nadeem. "Demographic, Clinical and Hematological Parameters of Patients with Severe and Non Severe Dengue Infection." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 11 (November 30, 2022): 505–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs20221611505.

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Background: There has been a remarkable rise in the worldwide frequency of dengue in recent decades owing to the ineffectiveness of existing management methods including vaccinations and pesticides. Objective: To assess the demographic, clinical and hematological parameters of patients infected with severe and non severe dengue Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out at the Medicine department, Khalifa Gul Nawaz Teaching Hospital, Bannu Medical College Bannu from May 2022 to October 2022. All the data like demographic, clinical and data related to hematological parameters was recorded on pre-designed Performa. The data was analyzed using SPSS 23. Results: In the current study, totally 180 patients were enrolled. The patients were categorized into NSDI and SD1 group. There were 96 (67.8%) males and 46 (32.4%) females’ patients in NSDI group while there were 28 (73.7%) males and 10 (26.3%) females in SD1 group. Fever was observed in 138 (97.2%) patients in NSDI group and 38 (100%) patients in SDI group. Platelet transfusion was needed in 55 (38.7%) patients in NSDI group while it was needed in 26 (68.4%) patients in SDI group. The mean ±SD Platelet Count x 103mm3 was 39 ±52.5 in NSDI group and 31.5±67.6 in SDI group. The mean ±SD Lowest Platelet Count x 103 mm3 was 28±42 and 21.5± 17 in NSDI group and SDI group respectively. The mean ±SD HCT % was 40.8± 6.7 in NSDI group and 36.0± 12.1 in SDI group. The mean ±SD Leukocytes Count x 103 mm3 was 4400±5425 and 8050±9350 in NSDI group and SDI group respectively. Conclusion: The key to treating and predicting dengue as severe and non-severe cases is to be aware of clinical aspects as well as test results such hematological parameters. Keywords: Demographic, clinical and hematological parameters, severe and non severe dengue infection

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Ali, AHMZ, and MK Rahman. "Water use efficiency, biomass production, nitrogen and potassium uptake and yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Ratan) Planta grown under surface drip and flood irrigation." Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Science 38, no. 2 (July 7, 2013): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jasbs.v38i2.15611.

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An experiment was conducted in wooden boxes to evaluate water use efficiency, biomass production, nitrogen and potassium uptake and yield of tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum) grown under flood irrigation (FI) and surface drip irrigation (SDI). Leaf area, leaf area index, biomass production and yield of tomato plants were significantly (P<0.05) higher in SDI than FI treatment. Biomass production (g/plant) was 53.3 and 42.2 and yield of tomato (kg/plant) was 1.27 and 0.99 in SDI and FI treatments, respectively. Surface drip irrigation increased water use efficiency (Kgm-3) of tomato plants by two fold (37.88) compared to flood irrigation ( 19.88). Significantly (P<0.05) higher concentrations of nitrogen in leaf (3.22%) and stem (2.62 %) were measured for tomato plants grown under SDI than FI (2.63 and 2.19 %). Potassium concentrations on the other hand, showed no significant differences. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jasbs.v38i2.15611 J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 38(2): 207-215, December 2012

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Aljabri, R. N., and S. E. Aldulaimy. "Effect of subsurface drip irrigation manners and percentages of moisture depletion on some hydraulic parameters and potato yield." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 904, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/904/1/012012.

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Abstract A field experiment was conducted in Silty Loam soil during the fall season 2020 in one of the fields of College of Agriculture (Jazeerat Al-Ramadi - Al Hamidiyah, Research Center) north of Ramadi city, latitude 33° 27“ 10.8” N, and longitude 43° 23“. 2.4” E. The soil was morphologically described and classified as (Torrifluvent) according to the American classification system (USDA, 2010). Three methods of subsurface drip irrigation were chosen Partial Drying of the Root zone PRD, Sub-surface Boarder irrigation SBI and conventional sub-surface irrigation SDI, with two moisture depletion of available water rates (25% and 50%). The results of the study showed that the PRD irrigation method had the highest mean of the total yield when depleting 25% of the prepared water which was 28.628 Meg h-1 and the lowest average was 27.088 Meg ha-1 when depleting 50%. Whereas, the PRD treatment gave the highest yield value of 29.75 Meg h-1 when depleting 25% of the available water, Also the PRD method gave the highest average values of 29,217 kg ha-1 compared to 26,142 kg ha-1 for SDI method. This was reflected in the total infiltration, saturated hydraulic conductivity and addition efficiency, the total infiltration using PRD irrigation method recorded the highest average values of 31.2 cm compared to 24.7 and 22.5 cm for SBI and SDI drip irrigation treatments respectively. The 25% depletion treatment was significantly superior to the 50% depletion treatment, which gave an average of 28.1 cm and 24.1 cm respectively. As for the saturated hydraulic conductivity, the mean values of the saturated hydraulic conductivity increased significantly in the PRD irrigation method for the depth 0-15 m, reaching the highest average values of 2.92 cm h-1 compared to 2.32 and 1.97 cm h-1 for SBI and SDI irrigation methods respectively. The depletion rate of 25% gave the highest rate of conductivity of 2.63 cm per hour-1, while the depletion rate of 50% gave the lowest rate of water conductivity of 2.17 cm h-1. The PRD treatment gave the highest mean values of water conductivity at 3.38 cm h-1 compared to 2.17 and 2.49 cm h-1 for SBI and SDI irrigation methods at 15-30 cm depth respectively. Irrigation with partial drying of the root zone PRD gave the highest efficiency rate, adding depth 15-30 cm, which was 97.07%, compared to 96.52 and 95.35% for SBI and SDI irrigation methods respectively.

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Yonas, Gerold. "Materials for SDI." MRS Bulletin 11, no. 3 (June 1986): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400054737.

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Al the plenary session held December 4, 1985 during the annual MRS Fall Meeting in Boston, Dr. Gerold Yonas was the keynote speaker. He was introduced to the packed ballroom by 1985 MRS President Elton N. Kauftnann.Kaufmann: To introduce our plenary address this evening, I would like to make a few remarks on the context in which it is being presented. Iam sure you are all aware that materials research, as most fields of science, is a field where it is rare indeed that one can cleanly separate the technical aspects of a program from the social, economic, and political aspects. This evening's topic is certainly no exception. It involves the U.S. government's Strategic Defense Initiative, or SDI for short. It has broad technical and political implications and has raised highly contentious issues of both technical feasibility and political appropriateness. It is in every source of news available today. This evening we want to focus on those technical aspects of SDI which involve materials and which should therefore be of interest to this audience.Recently, in Space Business News, John McTague, Acting Director of OSTP (Office of Science and Technology Policy), indicated that “the technology of Swords and the technology of Plowshares have much in common.” Of course the degree of commonality between the Swords and the Plowshares becomes greateras one goes to more fundamental research. In the same article Gerold Yonas indicated that “several aspects of SDI are likely to have enormous implications in the private sector with spinoffs directed into every part of the economy.” In addition to the technical materials aspect of the program those larger issues will certainly impact our lives. In that spirit we want to make this presentation so you can evaluate the program with a maximum amount of information. Of course, because this is a publicly controversial issue, I need to stress that the Society is not endorsing one particular view or another. But, we are strongly advocating the wide dissemination of information on a topic such as this.

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Bleweit, John P. "Skepticism About SDI." Science 237, no. 4815 (August 7, 1987): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.237.4815.576.a.

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Mostow, G. D. "SDI Research Funds." Science 235, no. 4784 (January 2, 1987): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.235.4784.15-a.

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Bialy, Harvey. "SSC and SDI." Science 235, no. 4796 (March 27, 1987): 1561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.235.4796.1561-c.

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Norman, C. "SDI Plan Endorsed." Science 242, no. 4876 (October 14, 1988): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.242.4876.189.

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Beardsley, Tim. "British SDI cash." Nature 324, no. 6093 (November 1986): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/324098b0.

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Corawall, Malcolm. "SDI: All in?" Physics World 3, no. 1 (January 1990): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/3/1/4.

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Krepon, Michael. "Nunn's modest SDI." Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 44, no. 3 (April 1988): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00963402.1988.11456128.

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Beardsley, Tim. "SDI: Software rows." Nature 319, no. 6052 (January 1986): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/319345c0.

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Beardsley, Tim. "SDI on campus." Nature 319, no. 6053 (February 1986): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/319437b0.

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Hasegawa, A. "SDI Non‐Nuclear?" Physics Today 38, no. 9 (September 1985): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2814685.

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Lloyd, Marilyn, Marvin King, Carroll B. Mills, Robert H. Good, Wolfgang K. H. Panofsky, Richard L. Kaufmann, and George Wallerstein. "SDI: Political Realities." Physics Today 38, no. 10 (October 1985): 9–144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2814721.

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Orear, Jay. "APS and SDI." Physics Today 39, no. 3 (March 1986): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2814948.

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MOSTOW, G. D. "SDI Research Funds." Science 235, no. 4784 (January 2, 1987): 15a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.235.4784.15a.

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BIALY, H. "SSC and SDI." Science 235, no. 4796 (March 27, 1987): 1561c. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.235.4796.1561c.

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BLEWEIT, J. P. "Skepticism About SDI." Science 237, no. 4815 (August 7, 1987): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.237.4815.576.

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Wallop, Senator Malcolm. "What SDI consensus?" Comparative Strategy 12, no. 1 (January 1993): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01495939308402903.

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Soofer, Robert. "SDI structural impediments." Comparative Strategy 12, no. 1 (January 1993): 75–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01495939308402905.

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Zhang, Xuepeng, Jiali Cheng, Biao Wang, Peng Yan, Hongcui Dai, Yuanquan Chen, and Peng Sui. "Optimum Sowing Dates for High-Yield Maize when Grown as Sole Crop in the North China Plain." Agronomy 9, no. 4 (April 18, 2019): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9040198.

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The maize sole cropping system solves problems related to ground water resource shortages and guarantees food security in the North China Plain. Using optimal sowing dates is an effective management practice for increasing maize yield. The goal of this study was to explore an optimum sowing date for high-yield maize. Six sowing dates (SDs) from early April to late June with intervals of 10 to 20 days between SD—SD1 (early April), SD2 (mid to late April), SD3 (early May), SD4 (mid to late May), SD5 (early June), SD6 (late June)—were applied from 2012 to 2017. The results showed that yield was correlated with the sowing date based on the thermal time before sowing (r = 0.62**), which was defined as the pre-thermal time (PTt), and that the yield was steadily maintained at a high level (>10,500 kg ha−1) when PTt was greater than 479 °C. To satisfy the growing degree-days required for maturity, maize needs to be sown before a PTt of 750 °C. Data analysis of the results from 2014, 2015, and 2017 revealed the following: i) Most of the grain-filling parameters of late-sown dates (SD4, SD5 and SD6) were better than those in early-sown dates (SD1, SD2, and SD3) in all years, because of the high daily maximum temperature (Tmax) and wide diurnal temperature (Td) from silking to blister (R1–R2) of early-sown dates. The weight of maximum grain-filling rate (Wmax) of SD3 decreased compare with SD4 by the narrow Td from blister to physiological maturity (R2–R6) in all years (−5, −12, and −33 mg kernel−1 in 2014, 2015, and 2017, respectively). ii) In 2017, the pollination failure rates of early-sown dates were 8.4~14.5%, which was caused by the high Tmax and Td of R1–R2. The apical kernel abortion rates were 28.6 (SD2) and 38.7% (SD3), which were affected by Tmax and Td during R2–R6. iii) Compared with late-sown dates, the wide Td of early-sown dates in R1–R2 was caused by higher Tmax, but the narrow Td in R2-R6 was caused by higher Tmin. Our results indicate that high-yielding maize can be obtained by postponing the sowing date with a PTt of 480~750 °C, which can prevent the negative effects of the high Tmax of R1–R2 and high Tmin of R2–R6 on kernel number and weight formation. Moreover, these above-mentioned traits should be considered for heat tolerance breeding to further increase the maize yield.

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BHATTARAI, S. P., A. D. MCHUGH, G. LOTZ, and D. J. MIDMORE. "THE RESPONSE OF COTTON TO SUBSURFACE DRIP AND FURROW IRRIGATION IN A VERTISOL." Experimental Agriculture 42, no. 1 (January 2006): 29–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479705003029.

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The practice and management of subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) on heavy clay soils is poorly understood. Over-irrigation can lead to excessive runoff and drainage, with associated negative environmental consequences. Experiments were conducted in 2001/2002 and 2002/2003 on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) in a Vertisol in Australia to evaluate the effect of SDI at various application rates on cotton yield and quality, and the results were compared with those for conventional furrow irrigation. Irrigating with SDI that supplied 50% or 75% of daily crop evapotranspiration (ETc) maintained a dry upper soil profile throughout the season. SDI at 50% ETc could potentially capture 250mm more rain during the season compared to SDI 90% ETc, and even more than furrow irrigation. However, supplying only 50% ETc with SDI hastened the maturity of the crop by on average 25 days compared with furrow irrigation and higher SDI rates, fewer bolls were set and yields were lower than in the other treatments. Nevertheless, a shorter season, if yield sacrifice is acceptable, favours logistics when integrating winter crops with summer cotton. It also reduces the number and cost of pesticide sprays and irrigation. Yield plateaued when 75% or more of daily ETc was supplied by SDI. The two drier treatments (SDI at 50% and 75% of ETc) had consistently higher water use efficiencies (WUE) for lint production compared with those of the two wetter SDI treatments (SDI at 90% and 105/120% ETc). All SDI treatments were also more efficient in the first year in the use of water for lint production than was furrow irrigation, but improved irrigation management in the form of faster irrigation and reduction of tail water in the second year obviated the advantage of SDI. Irrigation of cotton with SDI at 75% ETc offered significant benefits in terms of saved irrigation water over wetter SDI treatments, resulted in the highest average WUE for lint production over the two years, and reduced drainage and runoff compared with higher SDI rates and furrow irrigation.

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Al Kalbani, K., A. Abdul Rahman, A. Abulibdeh, M. J. Sani, and H. Rashidan. "SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI) IN OMAN AND QATAR – CURRENT STATUS AND PERSPECTIVES." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVI-4/W3-2021 (January 10, 2022): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlvi-4-w3-2021-17-2022.

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Abstract. Urban infrastructure deals with various objects, such as multi-floor buildings, underground utilities, and other typical two-dimensional (2D) geographic information system (GIS) objects. Currently, Oman and Qatar authorities attempt to manage and handle all these spatial objects and features via spatial data infrastructure (SDI). Qatar has a long tradition of applying SDI, while Oman has made rapid progress in building SDI according to the current practices in this field. Governments in both countries work toward smart cities and e-government to meet the fourth industrial revolution requirements. Current literature, indicate that SDI could be considered a major building block for such smart initiatives in the near future. This paper describes the status and challenges of developing SDI (including 3D SDI) for Oman and Qatar. We anticipated these 2D and 3D SDI initiatives would eventually provide future direction for the smart city and e-government. The current status and challenges form major discussions of this paper. It also discusses 3D SDI development. This paper ends by describing a framework for implementing the 3D SDI. The outcomes could significantly improve the awareness for developing 3D SDI in Oman and Qatar.

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Woodall, C. W., C. E. Fiedler, and K. S. Milner. "Stand density index in uneven-aged ponderosa pine stands." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x02-168.

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Stand density index (SDI) was developed to quantify relative stand density in even-aged stands. Application of SDI in uneven-aged stands has been described mathematically but not justified biologically. Diameter-class trends in SDI and sapwood area across 14 uneven-aged ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. & C. Laws.) stands in eastern Montana were examined to elucidate the biological underpinnings of the SDI summation method. Results indicate that the SDI summation method is biased in its apportionment of relative stand density across diameter classes in uneven-aged ponderosa pine stands. SDI apportions greater relative density to small trees than to larger ones. Therefore, SDI may overpredict site occupancy for reverse J-shaped diameter distributions with more small trees than large ones, and it may underpredict occupancy with nonreverse J-shaped diameter distributions. Application of the SDI summation method in uneven-aged ponderosa pine stands may be biologically justified only if site occupancy diameter-class trends are taken into account when interpreting SDI values. Replacing the self-thinning scaling factor of the SDI summation method with more biologically relevant scaling relationships may create improved relative density measures for uneven-aged stands.

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Cooper, Antony K., Serena Coetzee, Harold Moellering, Petr Rapant, Joep Crompvoets, Jan Hjelmager, Tatiana Delgado, Adam Iwaniak, and Iwona Kaczmarek. "A review of the ICA model of stakeholders in a spatial data infrastructure (SDI)." Advances in Cartography and GIScience of the ICA 4 (August 7, 2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-adv-4-5-2023.

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Abstract. The Commission on SDI & Standards (and its predecessors) of the International Cartographic Association (ICA) has developed formal models of a spatial data infrastructure (SDI), using the viewpoints of the Reference Model for Open Distributed Processing (RM-ODP) and the Unified Modeling Language (UML). The Commission described an SDI from the Enterprise Viewpoint (purpose, scope and policies for an SDI), Information Viewpoint (semantics of information and information processing in an SDI) and Computational Viewpoint (functional decomposition of the SDI into a set of services that interact through interfaces). The Enterprise Viewpoint model included six types of stakeholders in an SDI: Policy Maker, Producer, Provider, Broker, Value-added Reseller and End User. Subsequently, the Commission identified 39 sub-types of these stakeholders, though a better description of them might be as specializations, special cases, attributes, activities or roles.We have identified and reviewed all the literature that has referenced the Commission’s papers on the SDI models. Most use the Commission’s papers for the definitions of an SDI and of the parts, processes and stakeholders in an SDI. In this paper, we discuss all those that have applied the ICA SDI stakeholder model, proposed improvements to the model and/or highlighted parts of the model that are not well understood. We also discuss some issues we identified when reviewing the models. Subsequently, we plan on proposing some revisions and expansions on this ICA model of the stakeholders in a spatial data infrastructure.

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Smith, Steve. "The dictionary of SDI." International Affairs 64, no. 3 (1988): 480. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2622873.

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Marquet, Louis C. "APS Report on SDI." Science 236, no. 4807 (June 12, 1987): 1411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.236.4807.1411.a.

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Dickson, David. "Britain Joins SDI Research." Science 230, no. 4732 (December 20, 1985): 1362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.230.4732.1362.b.

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Selbin, Joel. "APS Report on SDI." Science 236, no. 4807 (June 12, 1987): 1411–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.236.4807.1411.b.

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Dickson, David. "Britain Joins SDI Research." Science 230, no. 4732 (December 20, 1985): 1362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.230.4732.1362-b.

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FitzGerald, Mary. "Soviet Views of SDI." Carl Beck Papers in Russian and East European Studies, no. 601 (January 1, 1987): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/cbp.1987.100.

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The culprit, of course, was President Reagan's "Strategic Defense Initiative" (SDI). As the late General Secretary's response indicates, the Soviet campaign against SDI1 began punctually and without equivocation. From Andropov to the present, it has been characterized by high degrees of both intensity and consistency over time. About two years afterAndropov's exc~nge, the newly installed General Secretary, M. S. Gorbachev, voiced similar concerns in his Pravda interview...

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Graybosch, Anthony J. "SDI: Tactics and Ethics." Philosophy in Context 15 (1985): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/philcontext1985157.

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Journal articles on the topic 'SDI'

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