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1
Louw, Nadja. "Hereditary paraganglioma in South Africa : An investigation of the Succinate-ubiquinone Oxidoreductase subunit genes, SDHB, SDHC and SDHD." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/79271.
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Paraganglioma (PGL) are tumours occurring in the head-and-neck -, intra-abdominal
- and thoracic paraganglia. Germ-line mutations in genes encoding the subunits of
mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase complex II (SDHB, SDHC, SDHD) and the
SDHAF2 gene are involved in hereditary paraganglioma. Our aim was to identify
mutations within these genes in ten South African PGL families. Individuals were
screened for mutations in SDHAF2 using Sanger sequencing and Multiplex Ligationdependent
Probe Amplification was utilised to investigate large rearrangements in
these genes. A 7905bp SDHB exon 3 deletion [c.201-4429_287-933del], was
identified in all SA families. The same deletion is reported as a founder mutation in
Dutch PGL families. Genotype analysis revealed a common haplotype at the SDHB
locus between SA and Dutch patients, indicating common ancestry. This is the first
Afrikaner SDHB founder mutation. These results now enable predictive testing of
other family members and allow better clinical management of the families.<br>Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2014.<br>Genetics<br>MSc<br>Unrestricted
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Moraes, Olívia Laquis de. "Descrição clínica, imunohistoquímica e estudo dos genes VHL, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD e MAX em uma série de pacientes com feocromocitoma e paraganglioma do Distrito Federal." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2014. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/17088.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciência da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Saúde, 2014.<br>Submitted by Larissa Stefane Vieira Rodrigues (larissarodrigues@bce.unb.br) on 2014-11-18T15:37:56Z
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2014_OlíviaLaquisDeMoraes.pdf: 2089917 bytes, checksum: 3784e6f7d4b3f8c2057d7a208522f5b9 (MD5)<br>INTRODUÇÃO: Feocromocitomas (FEO) e paragangliomas (PGL) são tumores neuroendócrinos, originários de células chromafins, localizados na medula supra-renal e em tecidos extra-adrenais, respectivamente. FEO e PGL são geralmente benignos, com morbidade e mortalidade relacionadas com a produção de catecolaminas. Malignidade é relatada em aproximadamente 10%, dos casos. Estudos recentes têm mostrado que, pelo menos, 25% de todos os casos de FEO / PGL podem ter uma base genética. MÉTODOS: 17 pacientes com FEO / PGL foram incluídos. Os dados clínicos, bioquímicos e radiológicos foram obtidos dos prontuários médicos. Estudos histopatológicos e imuno-histoquímico para marcadores neuroendócrinos foram realizados. DNA genômico foi extraído e as regiões codificantes dos genes VHL, SDHB, SDHC SDHD, MAX foram amplificados e seqüenciados automaticamente. A técnica de MLPA foi utilizada para a triagem de grandes deleções / inserções. A análise do gene RET foi realizada em um paciente com evidência clínica de neoplasia endócrina múltipla do tipo 2A (MEN2A). O consentimento livre e esclarecido foi obtido de todos os pacientes. RESULTADOS: Este estudo é composto por 6 casos de PGL e 11 FEO, 5 pacientes tiveram história familiar postivia e 4 apresentaram malignidade. A análise Imunohistoquímica confirmou a origem de neuroendócrina de todos os tumores. A análise genética revelou a mutação (p.Q164R) no gene VHL em uma paciente do sexo feminino com FEO e hemangioblastoma cerebelar e sua filha assintomática. Uma mutação no gene RET foi encontrada (p.C618R), em uma paciente do sexo feminino com FEO e carcinoma medular da tiróide (CMT; NEM2A) e seus 2 filhas com CMT. Uma grande dleção do exon 1 do gene SDHB foi encontrada em quatro pacientes: Duas irmãs com PGL paraaortico, e dois casos aparentemente esporádicos apresentando PGL. DISCUSSÃO: O diagnóstico molecular feito pelo seqüenciamento de Sanger juntamente com o MLPA constitui uma estratégia adequada para procurar tanto mutações pontuais quanto grandes deleções. Associações genótipo-fenótipo para VHL e RET são bem descritos, mas os efeitos fisiopatológicos das grandes deleções no SDHB ainda não estão bem elucidados. Correlações fenotípicas ainda não foram bem caracterizados já que grandes deleções no SDHB tem uma apresentação muito variável. O SDHB pode atuar como um gene supressor tumoral, e uma grande deleção pode conduzir a um fenótipo tumoral. Estudos genéticos em pacientes com FEO e PGL são recomendados, uma vez que as mutações podem também ser encontrados em casos aparentemente esporádicos, e que um resultado positivo pode influenciar a monitorização clínica e o aconselhamento genético dos pacientes e seus descendentes. ___________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT<br>INTRODUCTION: Pheochromocytomas (PCC) and Paragangliomas (PGL) are neuroendocrine tumors originating from chromafin cells, located in the adrenal medulla and extra-adrenal tissue, respectively. PCC and PGL are usually benign, with morbidity and mortality related to the production of catecholamines. Malignancy is reported in approximately 10%; of cases. Recent studies have shown that at least 25%; of all PCC/PGL cases may have a genetic basis. METHODS: 17 patients with PCC/PGL were included. Clinical, biochemical and radiological data were obtained from medical records. Histopathological and immunohistochemical studies for neuroendocrine markers were performed. Genomic DNA was extracted and the coding regions of VHL, SDHB, SDHC SDHD, MAX were amplified and automatically sequenced. Multiplex ligand-probe amplification (MLPA) was used for screening large deletions/insertions. RET gene analysis was also performed in one patient with clinical evidence of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A). Genuine consent was obtained from all. RESULTS: Our series consisted of 6 PGLs and 11 PCCs patients; 5 had familial history and 4 were malignant. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the neuroendocrine origin of all tumors. Genetic analysis revealed the (p.Q164R) VHL mutation in a woman with PCC and cerebellar hemangioblastoma and her asymptomatic daughter. A RET mutation was found (p.C618R) in a woman with PCC and thyroid medullary carcinoma (TMCa; MEN2A) and her 2 daughters with TMCa. A large deletion of SDHB exon 1 was found in 4 patients: Two sisters with paraortic PGL, and two apparently sporadic cases presenting with PGL. DISCUSSION: Molecular diagnosis done by Sanger’s sequencing combined with MLPA constitute an adequate strategy to search for both point mutations and large deletions. Genotype-phenotype associations for VHL and RET are well described, but the pathophysiological effects of large deletions on SDHB are still unclear. No phenotype correlations have been characterized for large SDHB deletions due to a highly variable presentation. SDHB may act as a tumor suppressor, and a large deletion may lead to a tumor phenotype. Rational recommendations for genetic studies in PCCs and PGLs are in progress given that mutations may also be found in apparently sporadic cases, and that a positive result might influence clinical monitoring and genetic counseling of patients and their offspring.
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van, der Heide George, and n/a. "Effective strategies for conducting school development in health education programs." University of Canberra. Professional & Community Education, 1998. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060427.131945.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis Statement
The thesis argument is that theory can be developed about the
implementation, maintenance and dissemination of school health education
based on a school development approach. Such theory development can
assist teachers to design programs appropriate to the needs of their
classrooms, schools and communities.
Thesis Setting
The implementation and maintenance of school health education programs
has not usually been the focus of research and as a consequence is rarely
reported in the literature. The research in this thesis draws upon many
disciplines and fields but in order to answer the thesis questions
methodological processes were required that were consistent with current
school situations. The earlier School Development in Health Education
(SDHE) program's work in research, development and dissemination provided
the setting for the thesis.
Methodology of the Research
The methodology of the research study involved a case study approach using
both multiple and single case studies. Data have been drawn from SDHE
schools in South Australia undertaking health, sexuality and drug education.
The methodology adopted for the studies in this thesis is a case study design
incorporating an iterative theory-study-theory sequence in which an initial
theory statement derived from the literature guides the development of a
multiple case study which, in effect, 'tests' the theory in a qualitative way. The
finding of the case study then informs development and elaboration of the
theory statement in its second version. This is then used to test the next
multiple case study which leads to further development of the theory in its third
version. The third iteration of the theory is tested in a single case study that
leads to the fourth and final version of the theory.
Data analysis was aided by the use of the Q.S.R. NUD.IST computer package
that helped to manage and explore the thesis ideas about the data. In
establishing these syntheses the chain of evidence in the data sets was
maintained. The analysis also allowed the thesis findings to be used to test
theories about the data that answered the thesis questions.
Thesis Findings
The findings of the thesis are contained in the final version of the theory. The
theory is structured around program drivers, phases, types and processes that
together produce implementation, maintenance and dissemination. This final
theory statement is the basis for drawing the thesis conclusions.
Thesis Conclusions
It was concluded that patterns of factors that enhance and inhibit the
implementation, maintenance and dissemination of school health education
programs could be placed in a theoretical framework that can guide practice in
school health education.
To be successful school health education programs have to include three
critical elements: leadership, action research and funding. Leaders or program
drivers need to be identified and resourced; they may be principals or
designated teaching staff with access to decision making, policy processes
and resource allocation in schools. Teachers need to engage in a reflective
action research process to develop, modify and sustain their curriculum
development work. Programs require adequate funding resources for
teachers' professional development, including action research, and the
purchase of human and material resources. Schools planning to introduce
programs may learn from the experience of others but they must themselves
engage in the critical and essential program features identified in the final
version of the theory.
Implications
The thesis conclusions imply the need to use more efficient ways of bringing
schools' and teachers' hidden competence to the fore to support school health
education program through varied patterns of professional development,
technical support and curriculum development and implementation, and
through funding of enhanced professional practice for health literacy.
A major implication for the health sector is that many health workers need to
learn collaborative skills since there is a tendency to take control and attempt
to direct what teachers should do rather than work with and support them.
An implication for programs in complex social environments is the need for
careful planning in collaboration with other stakeholders. The critical elements
developed in this thesis also apply - leadership, action research and funding.
Evaluation can adopt a case study approach as a more suitable method for
examining what happens in programs than an overly simplistic approach of
assessing goals and objectives which ignores the differences in program
implementation for different sites with the necessary localisation.
Further Research
Further research suggested by the thesis findings are in the areas of school
health education in the changing administrative and management environment
today, and of the use of various types of case study research in tandem to
answer comprehensive and complex program performance questions.
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Loureiro, Vanessa Correia. "Rastreamento de mutações nos genes VHL, SDHB e SDHD em pacientes portadores de feocromocitoma ou também, paraganglioma esporádico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5135/tde-22042007-204736/.
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Os feocromocitomas são tumores neuroendócrinos constituídos de células cromafins secretoras de catecolaminas e neuropeptídeos diversos, cuja manifestação clínica mais comum é a hipertensão. Doze a 24% dos tumores aparentemente esporádicos, apresentam mutações germinativas em genes até então associados a síndromes herdadas, como, RET, VHL, SDHB e SDHD. A doença de von Hippel-Lindau é causada por mutações no gene VHL. As proteínas codificadas pelos genes SDHB e SDHD fazem parte do complexo mitocondrial II e da cadeia aeróbica de transporte de elétrons. O objetivo deste projeto de pesquisa foi o rastreamento de mutações nos genes VHL, SDHB e SDHD em pacientes portadores de feocromocitoma ou, também, paraganglioma esporádicos acompanhados no Serviço de Endocrinologia do Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP. Todos os exons dos três genes estudados foram amplificados por PCR e analisados por dHPLC. Os amplicons que apresentaram cromatogramas suspeitos ao dHPLC foram submetidos ao seqüenciamento automático. Nenhuma mutação foi encontrada no gene VHL, apenas dois polimorfismos previamente descritos no exon 1, c. -77 C>T em dois pacientes e c - 195 G>A em 58,6% do total de alelos dos pacientes estudados. No gene SDHB foram encontrados dois polimorfismos previamente descritos (c. 201-36 G>T e c.487 T>C) em quatro pacientes, uma mutação silenciosa não descrita (c.540 G>A) e uma mutação previamente descrita em portadores de feocromocitoma (c. 293 G>A). Um mesmo paciente apresentou a mutação silenciosa c.540 G>A e o polimorfismo c.201-36 G>T. No gene SDHD foram encontrados dois polimorfismos descritos (c.204 C>T e c.315-32 T>C) em um paciente cada, uma variante alélica descrita na literatura na região 3\' não codificante cuja freqüência nunca foi estudada em outras populações (c.*612 C>T) e duas substituições nunca descritas na região 3\' não codificante (c.*799 T>C e c.*803 A>G). As variantes c.*612 C>T e c.*799 T>C foram detectadas em apenas um paciente cada e não foram encontradas em 200 alelos de controles normais estudados. A variante c.*803 A>G foi encontrada em nove de 76 alelos dos 38 pacientes (11,8%) e em cinco de 200 alelos de 100 controles não afetados (2,5%), sendo, portanto, um polimorfismo significativamente mais freqüente entre os portadores de feocromocitoma ou paraganglioma. Dentre os sete pacientes portadores do polimorfismo c.*803 A>G, três pacientes heterozigotos para este polimorfismo apresentaram um segundo polimorfismo no gene SDHD, sendo que um desses pacientes também apresentava uma mutação no gene SDHB. Dentre os demais quatro pacientes, dois apresentavam o polimorfismo c.*803 A>G em homozigose. Este polimorfismo ocorre no nucleotídeo localizado na posição -1 imediatamente 5\' ao Sítio de Clivagem do pré-mRNA para que ocorra a inserção da cauda Poli(A), fundamental para a estabilidade do mRNA. A substituição da base A pela base G muito provavelmente apresenta uma repercussão funcional, pois a base A na posição -1 é considerada como a mais eficiente na promoção da clivagem do pré-mRNA, enquanto a base G é considerada a menos eficiente (ordem de eficiência de clivagem A > U > C > G). Desta forma, a possibilidade desse polimorfismo conferir susceptibilidade ao desenvolvimento do feocromocitoma e do paraganglioma não está descartada, sendo provável que outros eventos genéticos sejam necessários para promover a tumorigênese. Em conclusão, esse estudo evidenciou uma baixa freqüência de mutações nas regiões codificantes dos genes VHL (mutações não detectadas), SDHB (5,2%) e SDHD (mutações não detectadas) nessa série de pacientes com feocromocitomas e paragangliomas esporádicos, porém, encontrou um polimorfismo na região 3\' não codificante do gene SDHD significativamente mais freqüente nos portadores desses tumores que em indivíduos controles não afetados, e que, por suas características, pode estar relacionado à etiopatogenia do feocromocitoma e do paraganglioma.<br>Pheochromocytomas are neuroendocrine tumors composed of chromaffin cells that produce and secrete catecholamines as well as a variety of neuropeptides, whose most common clinical manifestation is arterial hypertension. Twelve to 24% of the apparently sporadic pheochromocytomas, present germline mutations in genes previously associated to inherited familiar syndromes, such as, RET, VHL, SDHB e SDHD. The von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease occurs upon the VHL gene mutation - a tumor suppressor gene whose product encodes complexes with other proteins leading proteic substracts to the proteolysis. The proteins encoded by the SDHD and SDHB genes are parts of the complex mitochondrial II, as well as the aerobic chain of the electron transport. The aim of the present study was the screening of mutations in the VHL, SDHB and SDHD genes in patients harboring sporadic pheochromocytoma and/or paraganglioma, followed by the Endocrinology Service of Hospital das Clínicas of the University of São Paulo School of Medicine. All the three studied gene exons were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and were analyzed by dHPLC, which was the method used for screen mutations. The samples with altered eluting progress were directly sequenced. No mutations were found in the VHL gene, only two polymorphisms previously described in the exon 1, c. -77 C>T in two patients and c - 195 G> in 58.6% out of the total alleles of the studied patients. Two polymorphisms previously described (c. 201-36 G>T and c.487 T>C) in the SDHB gene were found in four patients, as well as silent mutation not yet described (c.540 G>A) and a mutation previously described in patients with pheochromocytoma (c. 293 G>A). A particular patient presented the silent mutation c.540 G>A and the polymorphism c.201-36 G>T. In the SDHD gene two polymorpfisms previously described (c.204 C>T and c.315-32 T>C) were found, one in each patient, as well as an allelic variant previously described in the 3\' non-coding region whose frequency has never been studied in other populations (c.*612 C>T) and two substitutions never described in the 3\' non-coding region (c.*799 T>C and c.*803 A>G). The variants c.*612 C>T and c.*799 T>C were detected in only one patient each and have not been found in 200 alleles of normal control subjects studied. The variant c.*803 A>G was found in nine out of 76 alleles from 38 patients (11.8%) and in five out of 200 alleles from 100 non-affected subjects (2.5%), being, then, a polymorphism significantly more frequent among patients with pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma. Among those seven patients with the polymorphism c.*803 A>G, three patients heterozygotous for the polymorphism presented a second polymorphism in the SDHD gene and one of those patients also presented a mutation in the SDHB gene. Out of the other four patients, two presented the polymorphism c.*803 A>G in heterozygosis. This polymorphism occurs in the nucleotide localized in the position -1 immediately 5\' to the site where the pre-mRNA is cleaved for the insertion of the poly(A) tail, which is essencial to the mRNA stability. The substitution of the A to the G probably presents a functional repercussion, because the A in the position -1 is considered as the most efficient nucleotide in the pre-mRNA cleavage promotion, while the G is considered the least efficient one (scale of cleavage efficiency A > U > C > G). Therefore, the possibility of this polymorphism be associated with susceptibility to the development of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma is not discarded, being possible that other genetic events are necessary to promote tumorigenesis. In conclusion, this study evidenced a low frequency of mutations in the coding regions of the genes VHL (mutations not detected), SDHB (5,2%) and SDHD (mutations not detected) in this series of patients with sporadic pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas, however, a polymorphism significantly more frequent in patients harboring those tumors was found in the 3\' non-coding region of the SDHD gene and, for its specific characteristics, it can very well be related to the etiopathogenesis of the pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma
5
Kratky, Joseph J. "SERIES EXPANSION FOR SEMI-SPDES WITH REMARKS ON HYPERBOLIC SPDES ON THE LATTICE." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1310614464.
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Soderberg, Brock A. "Architecture while listening to SDRE." PDF viewer required Home page for entire collection, 2008. http://archives.udmercy.edu:8080/dspace/handle/10429/9.
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Calvet, Jean-Thierry. "Synchronisation des réseaux optiques SDH." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066039.
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Leščiauskas, Vytautas. "SDH tinklo resursų įvertinimas ir optimizavimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2004. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2004~D_20040531_205209-50945.
Full textAbstract:
The software currently used by SDH net operators does not guarantee the automatic generation of routes between the selected nodes. This is the reason why the operators spend a lot of time on designing the nets manually. Despite all the time spent on designing, errors are still made which are the causes of net overload and connection disorders.
It is necessary to convert the measuring units of SDH resources from a tree type structure to real numbers, because the structure of the analyzed object’s resource units is hierarchical. After evaluation of these units the solution of this problem can be found in theory of graphs.
It is natural that given these data structures a special method is needed which would allow determining these structures and finding specific weight unit of edges of the graphs with which the problem is solved. The complexity of graph route composition algorithms is not satisfactory because the scope of real systems will be big enough. The amount of net nodes can exceed 500 and the amount of lines connecting them can be more than 5000.
It is not very difficult to implement the automatic generation of routes in principle. The knowledge of graph theory can be used to do that. But in solving real problems with the best known methods of graph theory the time of solution is not acceptable because of the big scope of the problem. It is possible to reduce the time of solution by increasing the efficiency of the system that solves the problem. The need for more... [to full text]
9
Linkevičius, Edvardas. "SDH telekomunikacijų tinklo resursų skaičiavimo sistema." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070116_234500-14286.
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The Project “Resources evaluation system of SDH telecommunication network” is used for investigation of the efficiency of utilization of the existing TEO LT, AB SDH Trunk Network resources.
The essential problem is the lack of precise information on the free and used resources of the Network, their distribution and usage in the optimum and efficient manner. It was rather hard to establish the free and used SDH network resources and evaluate the efficiency of the Network. This brings essential influence and difficulties into the planning of network and investments since it is rather hard to take the economically viable decisions regarding the usage of the existing resources.
The SDH network resources evaluation system can be used for planning of trunk network resources and quick creation of flows’ transmission routes in a very efficient manner. The System gives the possibility to verify the new routes creation possibilities from any point of the network and execute the customers’ orders in a quick manner.
The System is developed as software with a direct interface with the TEO LT Network Information System SQL Base, and is going to use the data, stored in the SQL Base.
The Content of this project consists from:
• Analytical part of investigation
• Specification of requirements for designed system
• Common system requirements
• Data structure
• Network Resources Information Module
• Testing and User Guide
According content above the System “Resources evaluation system of SDH... [to full text]
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Gonçalves, Maria Aline. "Controle SDRE aplicado em suspensão veicular com amortecedor magneto-reológico." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2533.
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Desde que se inventou o automóvel, a suspensão veicular é objeto de pesquisa e estudo. A função do sistema de suspensão de um veículo é minimizar a aceleração vertical, isolando os passageiros de choques e vibrações promovendo conforto, reduzindo a fadiga o que beneficia a saúde e segurança dos motoristas. Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta para o controle da suspensão veicular utilizando um controlador SDRE aplicado ao amortecedor magneto-reológico. A eficiência do controle proposto pode ser evidenciada através de simulações computacionais utilizando um modelo matemático não linear de um quarto de carro e um modelo matemático não-lienar de meio de carro. A análise do desempenho do controle é realizada considerando excitações provocadas por irregularidades da estrada representadas por entradas do tipo degrau e senoidal. As simulações computacionais foram realizadas utilizando o programa Matlab®. Os resultados das simulações evidenciam que o controle proposto melhora dirigibilidade do veículo ao reduzir o deslocamento vertical do conjunto eixo-roda e contribui com o conforto dos passageiros reduzindo as oscilações na carroceria. Adicionalmente, foram realizadas análises de simulações de variações paramétricas afim de se verificar o comportamento do controle proposto diante de incertezas. Os estudos paramétricos demonstram que o controle permanece estável, mesmo quando submetido a variações paramétricas.<br>Since car was developed, vehicular suspension is an object of research and study. The function of the suspension system of a vehicle is to minimize vertical acceleration, isolating passengers from shocks and vibrations promoting comfort, reducing fatigue which benefits the health and safety of drivers. This work presents a proposal for the control of vehicle suspension using an SDRE controller applied to the magneto-rheological damper. The efficiency of the proposed control can be evidenced through computational simulations using a quarter-car nonlinear mathematical model and a half-car nonlinear mathematical model. The analysis of the controller's performance is performed considering the excitations caused by irregularities of the road represented by step input and sinusoidal. Computational simulations were performed using Matlab®. The simulation results show that the proposed control improves the vehicle's dirigibility by reducing the vertical displacement of the wheel and also contributes to the passengers' comfort by reducing oscillations in the vehicle's body. In addition, simulations of parametric variations were performed in order to verify the behavior of the proposed control in face of uncertainties. Parametric studies demonstrate that control remains stable, even when subjected to parametric variations.
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Brandt, A. D. "Implementation of an SDH simulator using SDR." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2467.
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Thesis (MScEng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.<br>A Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) point-to-point bi-directional link was implemented at a base Synchronous
Transfer Mode level 1 (STM 1) signal rate. The full STM-1 multiplexer was implemented and the functional code
developed to Virtual Container level 4 (VC4) level. The implementation was realized using a Software Defined Radio
(SDR) architecture that managed and linked the SDH atomic units into a STM-1 SDH multiplexing structure. These
atomic units have been well defined in recommendation G.707 [1].
The functional description of each unit was based on the G.783 [8] recommendation which specifies a library of basic
building blocks and set of rules by which these atomic functions should be combined into various functional layers.
These layers interconnect to ultimately form a bi-directional path in the SDH network.
A SDH Management Sub network (SMS) was implemented using a graphical user interface to perform a monitoring
function for the bi-directional link.
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Costa, Carlos Manuel Gutierrez Sa da. "Architecture to support ATM and SDH interconnection." Thesis, University of Essex, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295551.
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Marques, Bruno Lopes. "Interligação de sistemas IP em redes SDH." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/1997.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Electrónica e Telecomunicações<br>No presente trabalho propõe-se estudar as metodologias existentes de
integração e implementação do protocolo IP sobre as diferentes tecnologias
RPR, ATM, MPLS, Ethernet e HDLC suportadas na rede de transporte de
dados SDH.
São apresentadas interfaces capazes de suportar um MAC da actual norma do
RPR (IEEE 802.17) sobre um meio puramente Ethernet (IEEE 802.3) ou sobre
o meio de transporte de dados SDH. Também serão apresentadas interfaces
capazes de introduzir tráfego ATM sobre a rede SDH.
A primeira parte deste documento, correspondente ao primeiro e segundo
capítulo, aborda as necessidades e identifica as interfaces suportadas por um
sistema de transporte de dados desta natureza. São também apresentadas
algumas soluções comercias existentes no mercado, desenvolvidos por alguns
fabricantes e operadores assim como alguns exemplos de ambientes de
utilização para este tipo de produtos.
A segunda parte corresponde ao terceiro capítulo, e é composta por uma
abordagem ao trabalho desenvolvido pelo consorcio SIRAC que envolveu
empresas e algumas entidades académicas e de investigação da área das
telecomunicações na necessidade de estudo e de desenvolvimento de novas
soluções tecnológicas. Foram feitas duas abordagens distintas em que
primeiro se estudou uma tecnologia recente, que pretende afirmar-se no
mercado (RPR), e por fim outra mais madura (ATM) que permitiu equacionar
diferentes cenários de evolução da rede.
O quarto capítulo pertence à terceira parte deste documento, onde é descrito
todo o desenvolvimento e testes elaborados às interfaces desenvolvidas no
decorrer desta dissertação. É também apresentado um estudo referente à
tecnologia de micro electrónica FPGA utilizada neste trabalho assim como
alguns dados resultantes da síntese e “place and route” efectuados sobre o
código HDL desenvolvido.
Por fim no quinto capítulo apresentam-se as respectivas conclusões.
São ainda apresentados alguns anexos onde se expõe alguns diagramas de
algumas entidades lógicas da tecnologia FPGA, bem como código HDL de
programação em FPGA para implementação de alguns circuitos de CRC
(cyclic redundancy check) paralelos.
ABSTRACT: The present work is intended to study the existing methodologies for integration
and implementation of the Internet Protocol IP with the RPR, ATM, MPLS,
Ethernet and HDLC technologies, based on a SDH environment.
Some interfaces are presented to support a RPR (IEEE802.17) MAC on
Ethernet or SDH technologies and also interfaces capable of introducing ATM
traffic on SDH networks.
The first part of this document, corresponding to the first and second chapter,
currently approaches the necessity of the interfaces used for a system of this
nature, followed of a brief presentation of solutions and existing products in the
market, developed by some manufacturers and operators.
The second part, corresponding to the third chapter, presents an approach of
the work developed in the SIRAC consortium that involved some companies
and academic and research institutions in order to study and develop new
technology solutions including the RPR and ATM standard technologies.
The fourth chapter belong to the third part of this document, where it is
described all the development and test made to the interfaces involved in this
work. It also presents a FPGA technology study used in this work including
synthesis and place and route analyses.
Finally in the fifth chapter the respective conclusions are presented.
Still some annexes are presented describing some FPGA unit logic diagrams
and some HDL code for FPGA programming implementing a CRC (cyclic
redundancy check) parallel algorithm.
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Moreira, Emanuel António Raimundo. "Encaminhamento robusto em redes GMPLS sobre SDH." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/1894.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Electrónica e Telecomunicações<br>Esta dissertação endereça o problema do encaminhamento robusto em redes
GMPLS (Generalised Multi-Protocol Label Switching) sobre SDH (Synchronous
Digital Hierarchy). Actualmente, o encaminhamento das redes SDH é feito de
forma centralizada e por gestão. As redes SDH têm requisitos de recuperação
a falhas muito exigentes pelo que a robustez da rede é tipicamente
implementada por mecanismos de protecção. Os mecanismos mais simples e
de melhor desempenho em termos de tempo de recuperação a falhas são os
que por cada VC (Virtual Container) de serviço também estabelecem um VC
de protecção cujo percurso na rede não inclui nenhum dos comutadores do
percurso de serviço (excepto os comutadores extremo). Estes mecanismos
garantem a robustez completa da rede no caso de falha de um único elemento
quer seja um comutador ou uma ligação.
A motivação para acrescentar a camada protocolar GMPLS às redes SDH é a
de dotar estas redes com a capacidade do estabelecimento de VCs por
sinalização e de permitir que o encaminhamento seja implementado o mais
possível de uma forma distribuída diminuindo assim a sua dependência de um
sistema centralizado de gestão. Os protocolos de encaminhamento GMPLS
baseiam-se na atribuição de um custo a cada ligação de rede, fixo ou variável
no tempo, e na determinação do encaminhamento pelos percursos cuja soma
dos custos das ligações que o compõem é mínima. Nesta dissertação propõese
a utilização de um algoritmo de pares de percursos disjuntos de custo
mínimo no estabelecimento do par VC de serviço, VC de protecção. Quando
existem restrições ao encaminhamento, a determinação do percurso de custo
mínimo considera apenas as ligações que cumprem com as restrições.
Neste trabalho, propõe-se uma estratégia de atribuição de custos que não só
depende da carga da ligação mas também do número e tipo de VCs que a
ligação em cada momento suporta. Por simulação, mostra-se que esta
estratégia tem melhor desempenho que as estratégias tradicionais de um
custo fixo inversamente proporcional à capacidade da ligação ou de um custo
que em cada instante é proporcional à carga de cada ligação.
Finalmente, propõe-se um esquema centralizado adicional que, sempre que
um VC é libertado, recalcula os percursos de todos os VCs de protecção por
forma a diminuir a probabilidade de bloqueio global da rede. O objectivo é
obter uma melhoria adicional do desempenho não causando nenhuma
interrupção de serviço pois, no estado normal da rede, apenas os VCs de
serviço suportam efectivamente o tráfego.
No âmbito desta dissertação, o desempenho dos diferentes algoritmos de
encaminhamento é analisado por simulação pelo que foi desenvolvido um
simulador de eventos discretos adequado.<br>This work addresses the problem of survivable routing in SDH (Synchronous
Digital Hierarchy) networks with a GMPLS (Generalised Multi-Protocol Label
Switching) routing plane. Currently, routing in SDH networks is done in a
centralized way by management means. SDH networks have failure recovery
exigent requirements so that network survivability is tipically implemented with
protection mechanisms. The most simple and efficient mechanisms are the
ones that for each service VC (Virtual Container) also establish one protection
VC through a path that does not include any of the nodes of the service VC
(besides the origin and destination nodes). These mechanisms garanty the
network survivability in case of a single node or link failure.
The motivation to add the GMPLS control plane on SDH networks is to enable
these networks to establish VCs by signalling and to allow as far as possible
routing in a distributed way reducing the network dependence on centralized
management systems. The GMPLS routing protocols are based on minimum
cost routing where either a static or variable cost value is assigned to each
network link and the routing paths are given by the minimum cost paths. When
there are routing constraints, the determination of the minimal cost paths is
applied only to links that observe the constraints.
In this work, it is proposed a strategy of cost assignement that depends not
only on the link load but also of the number and type of VCs that the link
suppports at each time. By simulation, it is shown that this strategy has better
performance than the traditional strategies of a static cost inversely proportional
to link capacity or of a cost that is proportional to link load at each time.
The proposed strategies use a routing algorithm that determines a minimal cost
node-disjoint pair of paths in the establishment of the pair service VC and
protection VC.
Finally, it is proposed an additional centralized scheme that when one VC is
released, all protection VCs are recalculated in order to reduce the network
overall blocking probability. This scheme allows an additional performance
improvement and does not cause any service disruption because in normal
operation the service VC’s are the only ones supporting traffic.
The performance of all routing algorithms are determined by simulation with a
discret event simulator developed for this purpose.
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Bauske, Mitchell James. "Parasitic Fitness of SDHI-Sensitive and -Resistant Isolates of Alternaria Solani." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28795.
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Early blight of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is caused by Alternaria solani Sorauer. The single-site mode of action chemistries of the succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) and quinone outside inhibitors (QoIs) have been widely used for early blight control but resistance has developed rapidly to a number of fungicide chemistries. QoI resistance in A. solani has been attributed to the F129L mutation, or the substitution of phenylalanine with leucine at position 129. Resistance to SDHI fungicides in A. solani is conferred by five known point mutations on three AsSdh genes. Over 1,300 A. solani isolates collected from 11 states in 2013 through 2015 were characterized for the presence of mutations associated with QoI and SDHI resistance through real-time, SDH multiplex, and mismatch amplification analysis (MAMA) polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Approximately 95% of isolates collected from 2013 to 2015 possessed the F129L mutation. Additionally, 95% of the A. solani population was determined to be SDHI-resistant, with the most prevalent mutation being on the AsSdhC gene. All A. solani isolates collected that were characterized as possessing the D123E mutation, or the substitution of aspartic acid for glutamic acid at position 123 in the AsSdhD gene, were evaluated for boscalid and fluopyram sensitivity in vitro. Furthermore, 15 isolates characterized as being SDHI-sensitive or -resistant, including five D123E-mutant isolates, were evaluated in vivo for percentage disease control to boscalid and fluopyram. Sensitivity of D123E-mutant isolates to fluopyram ranged from 0.8 to 3 ug/ml, and were found to be sensitive or only slightly higher than those of baseline isolates, ranging from 0.1 to 0.6 ug/ml. Disease control of all five D123E isolates evaluated in vivo was reduced significantly with the application of fluopyram compared to SDHI-sensitive isolates. Fitness was compared among 120 SDHI-sensitive and -resistant A. solani isolates using the parameters of spore germination and mycelial growth in vitro and aggressiveness in vivo. Spore germination and mycelial growth between SDHI-sensitive and -resistant isolates was not significantly different. However, D123E-mutant isolates were significantly more aggressive in in vivo assays compared to other SDHI-resistant and SDHI-sensitive isolates. These results illustrate the importance of implementing fungicide resistance management strategies.<br>Syngenta<br>Bayer CropScience
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Reimann, Kalle. "Development of a web-based interface for SDH." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-15117.
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Ericsson in Linköing has a test environment for testing telecommunications equipment. New equipment was recently purchased to the fiber-optic network in the test environment, but the management system for the new equipment lacked a web based interface for users without special access to the system. The purpose of this thesis is to implement such an interface. A web site based on Python and Django was built where users can search for circuits, with or without search filters, and get information about the matching circuits. The website has been live for two months and no major issues have appeared.
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NINA, Diogo Luis Figueiredo. "Análise de Ocorrências em Transformadores do SDEE usando Redes Neurais Artificiais MLP." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2012. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/1863.
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Previous issue date: 2012-10-03<br>Power system operation and maintenance require attention, precise diagnostics
on failure and agility on system recovery. On the other hand, power systems involve high risks, where each operation needs to be carefully planned and executed,
once errors can be fatal. Power system satisfactory operation and maintenance
consist on finding equilibrium between these extremes, acting on a cautious, but
agile, way. For this purpose, we propose the development of an intelligent system
with the ability of detecting abnormal patterns on the electrical signal, providing
support for decisions on Power Distribution System real time operation, from the
analysis of power substation transformers primary and secondary currents, including learning at each new information acquired by the system. The challenge of this
study is to research and develop a method based on ANN for classifying patterns
and providing support for decisions, aiming fault detection and/or fault recovery.
The method di↵erentiates disturbances that will lead to faults from disturbances
generated by transients on power system (for example an undervoltage caused by
powering on an engine). A SCADA supervisory system was developed to contain ANN implementation code and also to provide an interface for Operators,
generating visual and sound alarms and messages guiding system recovery. The
proposed method was evaluated using real data collected from transformers protection digital relays of CEMAR system substations, achieving excellent results.
The ANN developed on this study presented satisfactory performance classifying
signals and detecting faults properly.<br>A operação e manutenção do sistema elétrico requerem atenção, diagnósticos
precisos em caso de falhas e agilidade na recomposição do sistema. Por outro
lado, sistemas elétricos têm um elevado risco, onde cada manobra precisa ser cuidadosamente planejada e executada, pois erros podem ser fatais. A boa operação
e manutenção do sistema elétrico consistem em encontrar o ponto de equilíbrio
entre esses dois extremos, atuando de forma cautelosa, porém ágil. Com esse
intuito, propomos o desenvolvimento de um sistema inteligente dotado da capacidade de detectar padrões anormais no sinal elétrico, fornecendo apoio à decisão
na operação em tempo real do SDEE, a partir da análise das correntes primárias
e secundárias de transformadores de força de subestações de energia elérica, incluindo aprendizado a cada nova informação integrada ao sistema. O desafio deste
estudo é pesquisar e desenvolver um método baseado em RNA para classificação
de padrões e apoio à decisão, visando a detecção e/ou recuperaçao de falhas. O
método diferencia perturbações que culminarão em uma falta de perturbações
geradas por transitórios na rede elétrica (por exemplo o afundamento de tensão
gerado pela partida de uma máquina). Um sistema supervisório SCADA foi desenvolvido para hospedar o código de implementação da RNA, além de fornecer
uma interface para o Operador, gerando alarmes visuais e sonoros e mensagens
orientando a retomada do sistema. O método proposto foi avaliado utilizando-se
dados reais coletados diretamente de relés digitais de proteção de transformadores
de subestações do sistema da CEMAR, obtendo-se excelentes resultados. A RNA
desenvolvida neste estudo apresentou desempenho satisfatório na classificação dos
sinais a ela apresentados, detectando corretamente as faltas.
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Granath, Filip, and Victor Granfeldt. "Svenska Damhockeyligan - Spelarnas varumärkesimage : En kvantitativ enkätstudie om spelarnas varumärkesimage i SDHL." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Institutionen för kultur och samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-38092.
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I Sverige har damidrotten ur ett historiskt perspektiv ständigt legat efter herrarna, både ekonomiskt och organisatoriskt. Inom damidrotten är det främst individuella idrottare som på senare tid har närmat sig herrarna på kommersiell och professionell nivå. Vad gäller lagidrotter så har utvecklingen hamnat efter och det här visar sig inte minst inom ishockeyn. Skillnaderna visar sig tydligt mellan herrar och damer och inte minst ekonomiskt där herrarna på högsta elitnivå kan försörja sig genom ishockeyn. Samtidigt så behöver genomsnittspelaren på motsvarande nivå bland damer ha ett arbete vid sidan av ishockeyn. Det här beror på flera faktorer däribland att intresset kring herrhockeyn är betydligt större vilket ger fler kommersiella möjligheter. För att damhockeyn ska närma sig den nivå som herrarna befinner sig, krävs en ökad kännedom, ett ökat intresse samt en kunskap omsupportrars uppfattning.I den här undersökningen har författarna i samarbete med Svenska Damhockeyligan studerat problemområdet med fokus på supportrarnas perspektiv och hur kunskap om dessa kan fungera som underlag till att stärka spelarnas varumärkesimage. En kvantitativ enkätundersökning genomfördes där supportrars kännedom om spelare och ligan generellt studeras samt vad supportrar värderar hos spelares egenskaper. Studien tar sin utgångspunkt i tidigare forskning som studerat damidrottens möjligheter för kommersiell utveckling. I undersökningen betraktas spelarna i SDHL som varumärken för att möjliggöra en koppling till varumärkesimage och aktiviteter som görs för att stärka en sådan. Med bakgrund av tidigare forskning och modeller lutar sig studien på tre centrala variabler; individuell kvalité, attraktivitet och image. Dessa tre var vägledande för insamlad empiri genom en webbenkät. Studiens insamlade data analyseras via deskriptiv statistik där diagram och tabeller redovisas. Slutligen diskuteras enkätresultat med koppling till de teorier och modeller som studien utgår ifrån. Diskussionen leder till flertalet förslag för hur SDHL kan använda sig av kunskap om supportrarnas kännedom och värdering av spelaregenskaper i syfte att stärka spelarnas varumärkesimage.<br>In Sweden, from a historical perspective, women's sports have constantly lagged behind men, both financially and organizationally. In women's sports, it is mainly individual athletes who have recently approached men on a commercial and professional level. As far as team sports are concerned, the development has lagged behind and this is evident not least in ice hockey. The differences are clear between men and women and not least financially where men at the highest elite level can support themselves through ice hockey. At the same time, the average player at the corresponding level among women needs to have a job alongside ice hockey. This is due to several factors, including that the interest in men's hockey is significantly greater, which provides more commercial opportunities. In order for women's hockey to approach the level that the men are at, an increased knowledge, an increased interest and a knowledge of supporters' opinion.In this study, the authors in collaboration with the Swedish Women's Hockey League have studied the problem area with a focus on the supporters 'perspective and how knowledge about these can serve as a basis for strengthening the players' brand image. A quantitative survey was conducted where supporters 'knowledge of players and the league is generally studied and what supporters value in players' characteristics. The study is based on previous research that has studied women's opportunities for commercial development. In the survey, the players in SDHL are regarded as brands to enable a connection to brand image and activities that are done to strengthen one. Based on previous research and models, the study is based on three key variables: individual quality, attractiveness and image. These three were indicative of empirical data collected through an online survey. The study's collected data are analyzed via descriptive statistics where diagrams and tables are reported. Finally, survey results are discussed in connection with the theories and models on which the study is based. The discussion leads to several suggestions for how SDHL can use knowledge about the supporters 'knowledge and evaluation of player characteristics in order to strengthen the players' brand image.
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Johnston, Robert Thomas. "A traffic generation algorithm for SDH digital cross-connects." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/15723.
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Neri, Marco. "Stylistic Design Engineering (SDE) applicato ad una berlina innovativa." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/21979/.
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Il progetto Ford Eagle è un caso di studio sull’applicazione del metodo di progettazione strutturato, lo Stylistic Design Engineering (SDE), per la realizzazione di una nuova berlina elettrica innovativa. L’SDE è un approccio ingegneristico per la progettazione e lo sviluppo di progetti di design industriale, e trova una particolare applicazione nel mondo Automotive.
Per raggiungere l’obiettivo di innovazione e sguardo verso il futuro, sono stati scelti i prodotti per auto del segmento E, in particolare a seguito della necessità di colmare una lacuna nel mercato del marchio Ford, che necessita di una tipologia di modello che potrebbe avere successo nel mercato. Infatti, la Ford non possiede da anni un'ammiraglia berlina sportiva del segmento E, come la storica Falcon degli anni ‘60. Partendo da questo presupposto e dal fatto che le maggiori case automobilistiche attualmente stanno investendo fortemente sulle vetture del segmento E, è stato interessante pensare a un nuovo modello di punta dell’Ovale Blu, che sarà chiamata Ford Eagle. Nelle pagine seguenti verrà illustrato il percorso che ha portato alla realizzazione del prodotto finale, seguendo il metodo SDE ed altre varie tecnologie di progettazione che saranno ulteriormente spiegate in dettaglio, come il metodo Pininfarina, il Quality Function Deployment (QFD), il Benchmarking (BM) e la Top Flop Analysis (TPA).
I metodi caratterizzano la prima parte del presente elaborato, in cui si delineano le caratteristiche chiave della vettura e il grado di innovazione, si individua il segmento di mercato e si analizzano – e si applicano – le tendenze stilistiche più comuni del giorno d’oggi. Nella seconda parte, invece, si realizza lo styling esterno dettagliato del veicolo, attraverso l’utilizzo di strumenti – e non più metodi – come il CAD 3D, fino alla prototipazione e visualizzazione fisica del prodotto, con Additive Manufacturing (AM), e virtuale, con Augmented Reality (AR).
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Thalmann, Markus Andreas. "A SDH Add/Drop Multiplexer as "System-On-Chip" /." Konstanz : Hartung-Gorre, 2000. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0601/00465005.html.
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Bentley, P. W. "Regularity and inverse SDE representations of some stochastic PDE." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343150.
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Tsirikakis, George. "Integration of fault restoration in ATM over SDH networks." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270147.
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Banov, Joana Teixeira Machado. "Rede de transmissão SDH: planejamento da camada logica (PCLOG)." [s.n.], 1999. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/261836.
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Orientador: Raul Vinhas Ribeiro<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-25T15:16:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 1999<br>Resumo: A nova tecnologia de equipamentos de transmissão da Hierarquia Digital Síncrona (SDH - Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) vem compor um novo cenário tecnológico no mundo das Telecomunicações, revolucionando o atendimento aos serviços atuais e futuros e dando suporte à implementação da Rede Digital de Serviços Integrados - RDSI. Esta tese apresenta uma nova visão do planejamento da Rede SDH de Transmissão, baseada numa arquitetura de rede decomposta em camadas funcionais. A divisão em camadas funcionais possibilita o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia de planejamento para cada camada funcional. A decomposição proposta aqui considera quatro camadas: de circuitos, lógica, de transmissão e física. Neste trabalho propomos uma metodologia de Planejamento da Camada Lógica, camada funcional cuja função é "arrumar" demandas de canais El (2Mbits/s), ou de ordem superior, em containers virtuais VC-4. A atividade de arrumar eficientemente tributários dentro de VC-4 é essencial, já que um VC-4 acrescido de um cabeçalho de seção (SOH ¿ Section OverHead) toma-se um STM-l, sinal de transporte básico SDH. . A metodologia de planejamento da Camada Lógica tem o objetivo de minimizar o úmero de containers VC-4 e a quantidade de vezes que as demandas em 2Mbits/s são transpostas de um VC-4 para o outro ao longo de seu trajeto na rede. ...Observação: O resumo, na íntegra, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital<br>Abstract: Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) is a new technology in the area of transmission, and it has brought numerous advantages to the world of telecommunications. It guarantees a moreflexible and efficient transmission network, capable of meeting the service needs of telecommunications, both present and future. The present work proposes a methodology for planning an SDH transmission network based on the decomposition of the network into functional layers. The planning of such a transmission network is based on this decomposition, and each of the layers is considered independently, taking into consideration the information of the higher leveI. The architecture of the network presented in this study is a network decomposed into four functionallayers: Circuit Layer, Path Layer, with high and low orders sub-Iayers, Transmission Media Layer and PhysicalLayer. A planning algorithm for the Path Layer is proposed which will provide input for the next lower transmission media layer. The Path Layer is the layer responsible for the all ocation of the 2Mbits/s channels (El) into virtual containers (VC). Groups of these virtual containe rs, alongwith the Section Overhead (SOH), form STM-l modules (Synchronous Transport Modules), which are the basic transport signals of SDH transmission. The planning of the path layer is designed to minimize the number of containers required, as well as the number of times the 2 Mbits/s demands are transposed from one VC to another during transmission through the network. ...Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic digital thesis or dissertations<br>Mestrado<br>Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
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Nylinder, Mattias. "Kasus i ett medeltida diplom : En utgåva och analys av SDHK-nr 21846." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för humaniora, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-20600.
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I den här uppsatsen presenteras en utgåva, d.v.s. en transkription och översättning, av Riksarkivets diplom SDHK-nr 21846. Därtill analyseras skrivarens kasusbruk i texten. Diplomet är utfärdat i Stockholm 1432 och tillhör en tid då kasusböjningen i Mälardals-området snart skulle komma att upphöra. Analysen visar att flera drag av fyrkasussystemet är bevarade i diplomet. Det främsta tecknet på dess försvagning är istället svårigheten att fastställa kasus morfologiskt. Om man borträknar förekomsten av dativ i vissa formuleringar med karaktären av stående uttryck, framstår dessutom ackusativ som det enda kasuset i prepositionsfraser. Detta skulle i sådana fall tyda på att brevets skrivare tagit ett steg mot upplöst kasussystem. Utifrån den begränsade undersökning som görs här, kan detta däremot inte fastställas.Nyckelord: språkhistoria,
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Sholander, Peter Edward. "Characterization and minimization of jitter and wander in SDH networks." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/13461.
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Ng, Hwee Ping. "Performance analysis of management techniques for SONET/SDH telecommunications networks." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Mar%5FNg.pdf.
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Wright, Stephen. "An algorithm to improve ATM cell processing in SDH multiplexers." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250777.
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Bergamaschi, Marco Antonio. "Planejamento de redes de transmissão SDH dividido em camadas funcionais." [s.n.], 2001. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/260300.
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Orientador: Raul Vinhas Ribeiro<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-31T15:06:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2001<br>Doutorado
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Lim, Wee Shoong. "An evaluation of management techniques for SONET/SDH Telecommunication networks." Thesis, Monterey California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/1389.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited<br>A study of SONET network management applications and the load they impart to the network is conducted to provide a better understanding of the capability of various management approaches. In this study, a SONET network is set up in the Advanced Networking Laboratory of the Naval Postgraduate School using four Cisco ONS 15454s. Next, two Element Management Systems, the Cisco Transport Controller and the Cisco Transport Manager, are deployed onto the SONET network. Subsequently, the network traffic of the Element Management Systems is captured and analyzed using a packet analyzer. Link utilization of the two tools is computed using the first-order statistics of the captured traffic distributions. In addition, the Hurst parameter is estimated using the variance-index plot technique (which uses higher-orders statistics of the modeled distributions) to determine the captured traffic's degree of self-similarity. Finally, the calculated utilization is extrapolated to obtain the link utilization for 2500 network elements (the maximum number supported by the Cisco Transport Manager). The result obtained is useful in determining the maximum number of network elements (Cisco ONS 15454s) that the Cisco Transport Manager can support from a network loading point of view.<br>Civilian, Ministry of Defense, Singapore
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Pagotti, Ana Paula. "Modelagem cinemática e dinâmica para simulação do controle SDRE de um protótipo de hovercraft." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2017.
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Orientadora: Prof. Dra. Elvira Rafikova<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Mecânica, 2017.<br>Este projeto aborda a aplicação do controle SDRE (State Dependent Ricatti Equation ¿ Equação de Ricatti Dependente de Estado) para controlar a trajetória de um protótipo de Hovercraft. Um Hovercraft é um veículo anfíbio sustentado por um colchão de ar em sua base, fazendo com que este não entre em contato com a superfície terrestre ou aquática. Inicialmente é feito o estudo da modelagem dinâmica desse sistema sendo que se trata de um veículo com restrições não-holonômicas em seus movimentos. São apresentadas algumas técnicas de controle aplicadas para controlar este sistema dinâmico disponíveis na literatura de referência consultada. É discutido o método de controle SDRE bem como é feita a escrita do sistema em espaço de estado de erros (sistema em desvios) garantindo, inclusive, a sua controlabilidade. O objetivo deste trabalho é simular numericamente o comportamento do sistema dinâmico controlado em relação à sua trajetória utilizando a ferramenta Matlab®. São simulados regimes de trajetórias retilíneas acelerada e uniforme, circulares e estabilização em um ponto; variando as condições iniciais do sistema dinâmico do Hovercraft. Além disso, projetou-se e construiu-se um protótipo de Hovercraft para implementar o controle projetado numericamente através do software LabView® comunicando-se com a placa Arduino®.<br>This project addresses the use of SDRE control (State Dependent Ricatti Equation) to control the trajectory of a Hovercraft prototype. A Hovercraft is an amphibious vehicle sustained on
an air cushion at its base, causing it to not contact the land or water surface. Initially, it is made the dynamic modelling analysis of the system considering it is a vehicle with nonholonomic constraints on its movements. Are presented some control techniques applied to control this dynamic system available in the reference literature consulted. The SDRE control
method is discussed as well as a system writing in the error state space (system in deviations), including its controllability. The objective of this work is to numerically simulate the behavior
of the controlled dynamic system in relation to its trajectory using the software Matlab ®. Straight accelerated and uniform, circular and one-point stabilization regimes are simulated;
varying the initial conditions of the Hovercraft. In addition, it is designed and built a Hovercraft prototype to implement numerically the control SDRE through LabView® software communicating with Arduino® board.
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Ashtekar, Amruta Ashtekar. "A role for mitochondrial enzymes SDH and SOD2 in thyroid cancer." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu152355138828804.
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Karem, Tope Razaq. "A low-cost design of multiservice SDH networks with multiple constraints." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5196.
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Word processed copy.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 63-64)<br>This study investigates the problem of ring-node assignment a Multiservice SDH/SONET Optical network design with constraints in capacity and differential delay. The problem is characterized as a graph-partitioning problem, and a heuristic algorithm based on constraints programming satisfaction technology is proposed.
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Prachi, Prachi <1982>. "Characterization of the Staphylococcus aureus bone sialoprotein-binding protein SdrE and the serine protease EpiP." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5816/.
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In an attempt to develop a Staphylococcus aureus vaccine, we have applied reverse vaccinology approach, mainly based on in silico screening and proteomics. By using this approach SdrE, a protein belonging to serine-aspartate repeat protein family was identified as potential vaccine antigen against S. aureus. We have investigated the biochemical properties as well as the vaccine potential of SdrE and its highly conserved CnaBE3 domain. We found the protein SdrE to be resistant to trypsin. Further analysis of the resistant fragment revealed that it comprises a CnaBE3 domain, which also showed partial trypsin resistant behavior. Furthermore, intact mass spectrometry of rCnaBE3 suggested the possible presence of isopeptide bond or some other post-translational modification in the protein.However, this observation needs further investigation. Differential Scanning Fluorimetry study reveals that calcium play role in protein folding and provides stability to SdrE. At the end we have demonstrated that SdrE is immunogenic against clinical strain of S. aureus in murine abscess model.
In the second part, I characterized a protein, annotated as epidermin leader peptide processing serine protease (EpiP), as a novel S. aureus vaccine candidate. The crystal structure of the rEpiP was solved at 2.05 Å resolution by x-ray crystallography . The structure showed that rEpiP was cleaved somewhere between residues 95 and 100 and cleavage occurs through an autocatalytic intra-molecular mechanism. In addition, the protein expressed by S. aureus cells also appeared to undergo a similar processing event. To determine if the protein acts as a serine protease, we mutated the catalytic serine 393 residue to alanine, generating rEpiP-S393A and solved its crystal structure at a resolution of 1.95 Å. rEpiP-S393A was impaired in its protease activity, as expected. Protective efficacy of rEpiP and the non-cleaving mutant protein was comparable, implying that the two forms are interchangeable for vaccination purposes.
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Gairing, Jan, Michael Högele, Tetiana Kosenkova, and Alexei Kulik. "Coupling distances between Lévy measures and applications to noise sensitivity of SDE." Universität Potsdam, 2013. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2013/6888/.
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We introduce the notion of coupling distances on the space of Lévy measures in order to quantify rates of convergence towards a limiting Lévy jump diffusion in terms of its characteristic triplet, in particular in terms of the tail of the Lévy measure. The main result yields an estimate of the Wasserstein-Kantorovich-Rubinstein distance on path space between two Lévy diffusions in terms of the couping distances. We want to apply this to obtain precise rates of convergence for Markov chain approximations and a statistical goodness-of-fit test for low-dimensional conceptual climate models with paleoclimatic data.
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Autry, Chris Brian. "Minimization of jitter in SDH/SONET networks via an all-digital desynchronizer." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/15412.
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Park, Won Bae. "Routing algorithms for Clos networks in SONET/SDH digital cross-connect systems." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/13837.
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Jung, Oliver [Verfasser]. "Verschlüsselung mit Statistischer Selbstsynchronisation und ihre Anwendung in SDH-Netzen / Oliver Jung." Aachen : Shaker, 2003. http://d-nb.info/1172615675/34.
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Dereudre, David, and Sylvie Roelly. "Path-dependent infinite-dimensional SDE with non-regular drift : an existence result." Universität Potsdam, 2014. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2014/7208/.
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We establish in this paper the existence of weak solutions of infinite-dimensional shift invariant stochastic differential equations driven by a Brownian term. The drift function is very general, in the sense that it is supposed to be neither small or continuous, nor Markov. On the initial law we only assume that it admits a finite specific entropy. Our result strongly improves the previous ones obtained for free dynamics with a small perturbative drift. The originality of our method leads in the use of the
specific entropy as a tightness tool and on a description of such stochastic differential equation as solution of a variational problem on the path space.
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Altmayer, Martin [Verfasser]. "Quadrature of discontinuous SDE functionals using Malliavin integration by parts / Martin Altmayer." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1076437540/34.
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Ingram, Clayton Bryant. "The Supervising Discipline Engineer's (SDE) role in the Front End Planning Process." Thesis, [Tuscaloosa, Ala. : University of Alabama Libraries], 2009. http://purl.lib.ua.edu/87.
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Schneider, Júlia. "Efeito do sulfato de dehidroepiandrosterona (SDHEA) sobre células foliculares nos estágios antral inicial e pré-ovulatório." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/157962.
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O folículo ovariano é composto pelo oócito (gameta feminino) e por várias camadas de células foliculares somáticas, sendo que destas, as mais intimamente associadas com o oócito são as células do cumulus oophorus (CCs), as quais estão em contato direto com o gameta feminino e formam o complexo cumulus-oócito (CCO), e as células murais da granulosa (CGs), que revestem a parede do folículo ovariano. Visto que estas CGs e CCs são facilmente acessadas durante tratamentos de reprodução assistida (RA), que podem ser coletadas sem comprometimento do oócito e que são descartadas após a recuperação do oócito é possível que elas sejam utilizadas em pesquisas que visam elucidar a fisiologia ovariana. No entanto, quando recuperadas, nos ciclos de reprodução assistida, estas células se encontram em um estado luteinizado, devido ao tratamento hormonal que as pacientes realizam. Sabe-se que o uso de CGs luteinizadas em cultura celular para o estudo do processo molecular ovulatório é limitado visto esta prévia exposição celular às gonadotrofinas e ao seu estado luteinizado. Porém, foi demonstrado que CGs luteinizadas podem readquirir sua capacidade de resposta à estimulação por gonadotrofinas, recuperando características semelhantes às daquelas de folículos não luteinizados nos estágios iniciais de diferenciação (early antral não luteinizado). A estimulação destas células com FSH causa aumento na expressão de genes que caracterizam CGs típicas de folículos pré-ovulatórios (pré-ovulatório não luteinizado). Ainda, outra questão importante com relação ao folículo ovariano diz respeito à ação dos androgênios nesta estrutura ovariana, sendo que já se sabe que a ativação do receptor de androgênio, localizado nas células foliculares, é capaz de modular a expressão e a atividade de genes importantes para a manutenção do desenvolvimento do folículo ovariano. Desta forma, sugere-se que o efeito reprodutivo do tratamento com dehidroepiandrosterona (DHEA) e seu sulfato (SDHEA), importantes androgênios, pode ser devido às suas ações justamente no microambiente folicular. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a exposição de células foliculares desluteinizadas (estágios early antral e pré-ovulatório) ao SDHEA. Para isto, células da granulosa e do cumulus foram obtidas de pacientes submetidas à fertilização in vitro e foram cultivas separadamente. Inicialmente, fez-se a determinação do melhor tempo de cultivo deste modelo celular proposto, dentre 6, 8 ou 10 dias de cultivo. As análises de viabilidade celular realizadas mostraram que o melhor tempo para o cultivo primário folicular, para as próximas etapas do trabalho, seria de oito dias. Após, também por análises de viabilidade celular, a melhor dose de SDHEA para exposição às células foliculares foi determinada dentre cinco doses testadas em comparação a um controle sem exposição hormonal. As análises mostraram que a dose mais adequada a ser utilizada era a dose de 0,08 μM de SDHEA. Posteriormente, tendo definido o melhor tempo de cultivo e a dose ideal de exposição das células em questão ao SDHEA, os experimentos foram realizados com dois grupos experimentais distintos: células early antral não luteinizadas e células pré-ovulatórias não luteinizadas – expostas ao FSH. Ambos os grupos foram divididos em dois subgrupos: grupo controle (sem exposição hormonal) e grupo SDHEA (com exposição ao SDHEA). Foram feitas dosagens hormonais de SDHEA, de estradiol e de progesterona nos dias 1, 4, 6 e 8 do sobrenadante do cultivo celular. A análise ao longo do tempo mostrou que os valores das dosagens de SDHEA se mantiveram constantes no grupo controle durante todo o período de cultivo celular, não havendo diferença estatística entre as quatro dosagens hormonais feitas neste grupo. Por outro lado, no grupo tratado houve diferença nos valores deste hormônio nos dias 6 e 8, em comparação aos dias 1 e 4, devido justamente ao tratamento com SDHEA realizado neste grupo experimental. Com relação ao estradiol, independente do tipo celular e do estágio de desenvolvimento, foi possível ver que a sua secreção era elevada no primeiro dia de cultivo, diminuindo nos outros dias devido às condições e ao tempo de cultivo do protocolo de desluteinização celular. Além disso, as células tratadas com SDHEA apresentaram uma secreção de estradiol superior àquelas não tratadas. Por fim, as dosagens de progesterona revelaram que o tratamento com SDHEA não alterou a secreção deste hormônio pelas células, em nenhum dos dois estágios de desenvolvimento. Ainda, as células apresentaram uma secreção aumentada de progesterona no sexto dia de cultivo celular em comparação ao primeiro e ao quarto dia; porém, esta secreção começou a diminuir quando do oitavo dia de cultivo. Tendo em vista os resultados obtidos, podemos concluir que o tratamento com SDHEA é capaz de aumentar a secreção de estradiol de células foliculares não luteinizadas, não alterando a secreção de progesterona dessas mesmas células. Mais estudos são necessários para um melhor entendimento dos efeitos do SDHEA nos processos que compõem a foliculogênese.<br>Ovarian follicle is formed by the oocyte (female gamete) and somatic follicular cells. Those closer to the oocyte are cumulus oophorus cells (CCs), which are in direct contact with the female gamete, and the granulosa mural cells (GCs), which form the wall of the ovarian follicle. As GCs and CCs are easily accessed during assisted reproduction procedures and are discarded after oocyte retrieval, they can be used in research aimed at elucidating ovarian physiology. However, when recovered in assisted reproduction cycles, these cells are in a luteinized state due patient hormonal treatment. It is known that the use of luteinized GCs to study the molecular ovulatory process is limited due to this prior cellular exposure to gonadotrophins and their luteinized state. However, luteinized CGs have been shown to reacquire similar characteristics to those of non-luteinized follicles in early stages of differentiation (non-luteinized early antral). Stimulation of these cells with follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) increases expression of genes that characterize CGs typical of pre ovulatory follicles (non-luteinized pre ovulatory). Another important question regarding the ovarian follicle relates to androgens action in this ovarian structure. As it is known, androgen receptor activation, located in follicular cells, is able to modulate expression and activity of important genes for the maintenance of ovarian follicle development. Thus, authors suggest that the reproductive effect of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and their sulfate (SDHEA) treatment, important androgens, may be due their actions precisely in the follicular microenvironment. Consequently, the aim of this work was to analyze the exposure to SDHEA of non-luteinized follicular cells (early antral and pre-ovulatory stages). Granulosa and cumulus cells were obtained from patients submitted to in vitro fertilization and were separately cultivated. Initially, the best culture time of this proposed cellular model was determined among 6, 8 or 10 days of culture. Cellular viability analysis showed that primary follicular culture for the next steps of the study would be of 8 days. Thereafter, cellular viability assays were used to determine the best SDHEA dose among 5 doses to follicular cells exposure in comparison to a control without hormonal exposure. The analysis showed that the best dose to use was 0,08 μM of SDHEA. Subsequently, after defined the best culture time and the ideal exposure dose of the cells to SDHEA, experiments were performed with two different experimental groups: non-luteinized early antral cells and non-luteinized pre ovulatory cells – exposed to FSH. Both groups were divided in two subgroups: control group (no hormonal exposure) and SDHEA group (with SDHEA exposure). SDHEA, estradiol and progesterone hormonal dosages of the cell culture supernatant were done on days 1, 4, 6 and 8. Over time analysis revealed that SDHEA values were constant in control group during all the cell culture period, without statistical difference between the four hormonal dosages performed in this group. However, treated group showed a difference in the values of this hormone on days 6 and 8, compared to days 1 and 4, due to treatment with SDHEA of these experimental group . Regarding estradiol, independent of cell type and stage of development, it was possible to see that its secretion was high on the first day of culture, decreasing in others due to conditions and time of culture of the non-luteinized cells protocol. In addition, the SDHEA treated cells presented higher estradiol secretion than those not treated. Finally, progesterone dosages revealed that treatment with SDHEA did not alter this hormone secretion from the cells in either of the two development stages. Besides that, the cells had an increased progesterone secretion on the sixth cell culture day compared to first and fourth day; however, this secretion began to decrease on the eight day of culture. In conclusion, SDHEA treatment is able to increases the non-luteinized follicular cells secretion of estradiol, but it is not able to modify the progesterone secretion of the same cells. More studies are needed to better understand the effects of SDHEA on the process that make part of folliculogenesis.
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Mazat, Lise. "Etude longitudinale des taux de sulfate de déhydroépiandrostérone (SDHEA) chez des sujets de la cohorte PAQUID. Corrélation des taux de SDHEA avec le polymorphisme de la sulfotransférase de la DHEA, différents indicateurs de santé et la mortalité." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR23044.
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Cheney, Betty Jean. "Single Drop Microextraction: An Educational Undergraduate Laboratory Procedure Using Caffeine and DEET." Wittenberg University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wuhonors1338487212.
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Loriot, Céline. "Etude des mécanismes moléculaires et cellulaires responsables de la malignité des phéochromocytomes et des paragangliomes SDHB-dépendants." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01020902.
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Les phéochromocytomes (PCC) et les paragangliomes (PGL) sont des tumeurs neuroendocrines rares, pour lesquelles le déterminisme génétique est très important, avec 16 gènes de prédisposition identifiés à ce jour. Au cours de ce travail de thèse, je me suis plus particulièrement intéressée aux conséquences des mutations du gène SDHB, car il avait été préalablement démontré qu'elles constituaient un facteur de risque de mauvais pronostic, associé à un phénotype métastatique et à une réduction de la survie des patients. Grâce à l'analyse du transcriptome d'une large cohorte de 188 échantillons de PCC/PGL humains, j'ai pu mettre en évidence que la voie de la transition épithélio-mésenchymateuse (EMT) était spécifiquement activée dans les tumeurs métastatiques SDHB-dépendantes. En effet, j'ai observé, dans ce sous-groupe de tumeurs, une surexpression de facteurs de transcription et de régulateurs précoces de l'EMT, comme TWIST1, TFC3, ou LOXL2 ; une perte d'expression de marqueurs de jonctions cellulaires, comme CDH2 et KRT19 ; ou encore une induction de gènes codant pour des enzymes pro-invasives, comme MMP1 et MMP2. Dans ces tumeurs, j'ai par ailleurs validé l'induction transcriptionnelle de l'EMT en mettant en évidence la rétention nucléaire de la protéine SNAIL (un facteur de transcription clé de l'EMT) sur des coupes de tissus. Dans cette même cohorte, l'analyse des données de méthylation globale de l'ADN nous a permis d'observer un phénotype hyperméthylateur dans les tumeurs SDHx, qui est expliqué par une inhibition de déméthylases de l'ADN et des histones par le succinate, qui s'accumule dans ces tumeurs où la succinate déshydrogénase est inactivée. Nous avons ainsi pu démontrer que le succinate est un oncométabolite qui induit des modifications épigénétiques impliquées dans l'extinction de nombreux gènes, et en particulier des gènes associés à l'EMT, comme le gène KRT19 (l'un des plus hyperméthylés dans les tumeurs SDHB-malignes, comparativement aux autres). J'ai ensuite caractérisé le premier modèle cellulaire de PCC/PGL porteur d'une inactivation complète du gène Sdhb, dans lequel j'ai confirmé l'activation de l'EMT, au niveau transcriptionnel et au niveau protéique. La caractérisation fonctionnelle de ces cellules m'a ensuite permis de mettre en évidence des propriétés migratoires, invasives, et adhésives spécifiques des cellules chromaffines Sdhb -/-. J'ai par la suite focalisé mon étude sur le gène Krt19, qui code pour une protéine du cytosquelette, la kératine 19 et qui est éteint dans les tumeurs et dans les cellules Sdhb -/-. La réintroduction de ce gène dans les cellules Sdhb -/- et son inhibition dans les cellules sauvages m'ont permis de conclure à l'implication de la kératine 19 dans les processus d'adhésion, de migration et d'invasion. Cependant je n'ai pas pu expliquer l'ensemble du phénotype par la seule modulation de ce gène, ce qui démontre l'implication d'autres acteurs dans la mise en place du phénotype invasif décrit. Mes travaux de thèse ont ainsi permis de démontrer que l'activation de l'EMT est responsable du caractère métastatique et invasif observé dans les tumeurs porteuses d'une mutation sur le gène SDHB et que cette activation est notamment secondaire aux modifications épigénétiques induites par l'inactivation de la succinate déshydrogénase.
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Lussey, Charlotte. "Apport de l'imagerie multimodale à l'étude de l'angiogenèse et du métabolisme des tumeurs liées aux mutations SDHB." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB151/document.
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Les phéochromocytomes et les paragangliomes (PCC/PGL) sont des tumeurs neuroendocrines rares qui se développent aux dépens de la médullosurrénale et des paraganglions sympathiques et parasympathiques. Près de 40% des patients ont une prédisposition génétique, et, à ce jour 13 gènes de prédisposition ont été identifiés. Les mutations du gène SDHB sont un facteur de risque de malignité et de mauvais pronostic qui conduisent à une perte de fonction de la succinate déshydrogénase (SDH), enzyme du complexe mitochondrial II. Il en résulte une accumulation intracellulaire de succinate responsable du phénomène dit de « pseudohypoxie » qui stimule la production de VEGF et donc l’angiogenèse, ainsi que l’expression du transporteur membranaire du glucose GLUT-1. Le surrisque de malignité liée à SDHB et l’absence de traitement curatif des formes métastatiques de PCC/PGL justifient l’élaboration d’un modèle murin permettant de mettre en place des essais précliniques. L’obtention d’un modèle murin prédisposé au PCC/PGL par mutation du gène Sdhb s’étant révélée infructueuse, notre équipe a finalement généré des cellules chromaffines Sdhb-/- immortalisées (imCC Sdhb-/-) dont l’implantation dans le coussinet adipeux sous-cutané (Fat-pad) de souris nudes NMRI a permis l’établissement du premier modèle de tumeurs porteuses d’une inactivation complète du gène Sdhb. La caractérisation phénotypique du modèle a été réalisée par imagerie multimodalité in vivo, comparativement à un groupe contrôle de souris ayant reçu des imCC non mutées (WT). L’angiogenèse tumorale évaluée par imagerie optique retrouve une expression des intégrines αvβ3 plus marquée dans le groupe Sdhb-/- avec une rétention du traceur prolongée 12 h après injection. L’IRM dynamique de contraste (IRM-DCE), montre un rehaussement tumoral global nettement plus important dans le modèle Sdhb-/-, que le post-traitement par le logiciel PhysioD3D permet d’attribuer à une augmentation du volume capillaire intratumoral. Sur le plan métabolique, la consommation globale de glucose mesurée par TEP au 18FDG est également plus marquée dans les tumeurs Sdhb-/-. Enfin, la spectroscopie par résonance magnétique (1H-MRS) a mis en évidence une accumulation de succinate dans les tumeurs Sdhb-/-, non retrouvée dans les tumeurs WT. Ce résultat a été confirmé par spectrométrie de masse et cette technique innovante de détection du succinate in vivo a été transférée avec succès en clinique pour l’exploration des patients porteurs de PCC/PGL. En conclusion, l’imagerie in vivo a permis de distinguer le phénotype des tumeurs Sdhb-/- de celui des WT, avec une néoangiogenèse, une microcirculation et un métabolisme glucidique augmentés. Ces résultats permettent de proposer des études précliniques de réponse précoce aux traitements. La détection de l’accumulation de succinate par 1H-MRS ouvre la possibilité d’un diagnostic « métabolique » préopératoire pour détecter les patients de mauvais pronostic<br>Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PCC/PGL) are rare neuroendocrine tumours that arise from chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla, sympathetic and parasympathetic paraganglia respectively. Around 15% of PCC are malignant. SDHB mutations are associated with malignancy and poor prognosis. SDH deficiency leads to succinate accumulation that induces a cellular pseudohypoxic phenotype, promoting in particular VEGF and GLUT-1 expression and increasing angiogenesis and glucose metabolism. The high malignancy hazard associated with SDHB and the absence of curative treatment of metastatic forms of the disease make it essential to develop a mouse model for preclinical trials launching. The quest for a predisposed mouse model of Sdhb-deficient tumors being unsuccessful, Sdhb-/- and wild-type (WT) immortalized mouse chromaffin cells previously generated in the laboratory were propagated in the fat pad of NMRI nude mice, thereby providing the first pattern of Sdhb- deficient tumors. These mice were compared to a control group receiving non-mutated imCC (WT) and characterization was performed in vivo by multimodality imaging. Optical imaging assessing the tumor angiogenesis with Angiostamp®, an RGD fluorescent peptide, found an increased expression of integrins αvβ3 in the Sdhb-/- group 12 h after tracer injection. Dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) showed an overall tumor enhancement significantly higher in the Sdhb-/- model secondary to an increase of the tumor blood flow (F) and of the intratumoral capillary volume fraction (Vb) (compartmental analysis using PhysioD3D software). Metabolic imaging assessed by 18FDG-PET confirmed the expected high glucose consumption by Sdhb-/- tumors. Finally, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) detected succinate accumulation in Sdhb-/- tumors and not in WT tumors. This result was confirmed by mass spectrometry and this innovative procedure for in vivo detection of succinate was translated into patients suffering from PCC/PGL. A succinate peak was specifically observed in SDHx-related PCC/PGL patients. In conclusion, these results show strong differences between Sdhb-/- and WT allografts and suggest that preclinical therapeutic studies could be implemented in this unique model of Sdhb-deficient tumour. Our noninvasive, highly sensitive and specific method allowing in vivo detection of succinate, the major biomarker of SDHx-mutated tumors was translated into clinical imaging
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Menara, Mélanie. "Étude de l'implication de la matrice extracellulaire dans la malignité des phéochromocytomes et des paragangliomes SDHB-dépendants." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB096.
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Les phéochromocytomes et les paragangliomes (PPGL) sont des tumeurs neuroendocrines rares qui se développent aux dépens des paraganglions et qui sont identiquement déterminées dans 40% des cas. Parmi les gènes de prédisposition, les mutations du gène SDHB qui code pour l’une des sous-unités catalytiques de la succinate déshydrogénase mitochondriale constituent un facteur de risque de phénotype métastatique associé à un mauvais pronostic. Mon travail de thèse avait pour objectif d’élucider le lien entre les mutations du gène SDHB et la malignité des PPGL par l’étude du rôle du microenvironnement tumoral et en particulier de la matrice extracellulaire (MEC) dans le processus métastatique. L’analyse transcriptomique de l’expression de 310 gènes associés a la MEC dans 188 PPGL humains de la cohorte COMETE, a mis en évidence une régulation spécifique de ces gènes dans les tumeurs présentant des mutations SDHx. J’ai utilisé un modèle murin de cellules chromaffines déficientes en succinate déshydrogénase, les cellules Sdhb-/-, en comparaison avec les cellules sauvages (wild-type, WT). Les cellules Sdhb-/‐ possèdent des capacités migratoires et adhésives accrues dues a l’accumulation de succinate inhibant les dioxygénases dépendantes du 2‐oxoglutarate (2‐OG). J’ai mis en évidence que la MEC secrétée par les cellules Sdhb‐/- est capable d’augmenter les capacités migratoires et d’adhésion des cellules WT. Inversement, la MEC secrétée par les cellules WT diminue la migration et l’adhésion des cellules Sdhb-/-. Ainsi, les cellules Sdhb‐/- semblent secréter une matrice qui favorise le replacement des cellules et donc leur potentiel métastatique. Afin d’identifier les acteurs responsables de ce phénotype particulier nous avons analyse le sécrétome de la MEC : le matrisome des cellules Sdhb-/- et des WT, nous permettant d’identifier la fibronectine, cible de l’hypoxie, comme l’une des protéines majeures de la MEC secrétée par les cellules Sdhb-/‐. J’ai montré que la fibronectine augmente de façon drastique la migration et l’adhésion des cellules WT et qu’elle participe a la migration des cellules Sdhb‐/-. L’analyse du transcriptome et du matrisome des cellules Sdhb-/- a également mis en évidence la surexpression de nombreux collagènes et en particulier le gène Col4a2 qui code pour l’un des composants majoritaires des membranes basales. J’ai montré que malgré l’accumulation de succinate dans les cellules Sdhb-/-, les collagènes hydroxylases 2-OG dépendantes, restent probablement actives ce qui permet la maturation des collagènes puis leur sécrétion dans le milieu extracellulaire. Cependant, le collagène IVα2 est fragmenté dans les cellules Sdhb-/- suggérant des modifications après sa sécrétion. J’ai ainsi montré que l’activation de la MMP9 dans les cellules Sdhb‐/-, participe à la dégradation du collagène IVα2. L’ensemble de ces résultats a ainsi révélé l’existence d’un remodelage de la MEC spécifique aux cellules Sdhb‐/- qui favorise le phénotype métastatique en promouvant notamment la migration et l’adhésion cellulaire. En parallèle de ce travail et dans le cadre d’un projet collaboratif, j’ai montré que seules les cellules Sdhb-/- sont capables d’induire le processus d’angiogenèse compare aux cellules WT et de le maintenir en faisant croître des vaisseaux pré-existants en 3-dimensions. Au sein de la même collaboration, j’ai également travaillé sur la mise au point d’une lignée humaine de cellules chromaffines tumorales en 3-dimensions à partir de culture primaire de PPGL humains. Ce travail se poursuit actuellement et pourrait donner lieu à la mise au point des premières conditions expérimentales permettant de cultiver ces cellules in vitro<br>Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGL) are rare neuroendocrine tumors, which arise from paraganglia and are genetically determined in 40% of cases. Among the predisposition genes, mutations in the SDHB gene, which encodes the catalytic core subunit of the mitochondrial enzyme, succinate dehydrogenase, are associated with malignancy and poor prognosis. The main objective of my thesis project was to elucidate the link between SDHB mutations and PPGL malignancy by studying the role of tumor microenvironment and in particular of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the metastatic process. The transcriptomic analysis of 310 ECM‐associated genes in 188 human PPGL of the COMETE collection showed a specific regulation of ECM-encoding genes in SDHx-mutated tumors. I used a mouse model of Sdhb deficient chromaffin cells compared to their wild-type (WT) counterparts. Sdhb-/- cells display increased migratory and adhesive capacities cause by succinate accumulation that inhibit 2-oxoglutarate (2--‐OG) dependent dioxygenases. I showed that the ECM secreted by Sdhb‐/- cells is able to increase migration and cell adhesion of WT cells. Conversely, the ECM secreted by WT cells decreases migration and adhesion of Sdhb-/- cells. Hence, Sdhb-/- cells seem to secrete an ECM promoting cell motility and thus their metastatic potential. To identify specific ECM components responsible for this particular phenotype, we analyzed the ECM secretome, i.e. the matrisome, of both cells types. This study identified fibronectin as one of main ECM protein secreted by Sdhb-/- cells. I showed that fibronectin drastically increases migration and adhesion of WT cells and participates to Sdhb- /- cells migration. Sdhb-/- transcriptome and matrisome analyses also highlighted the overexpression of many collagens and in particular Col4a2 encoding one of main component of basement membranes. I demonstrated that despite succinate accumulation in Sdhb‐/- cells, 2-OG dependent collagen hydroxylases remain apparently active, allowing collagen maturation and their subsequent secretion in the extracellular space. Besides, collagen IVα2 is fragmented in Sdhb-/‐ cells suggesting post-excretion modifications. I showed that MMP9 activation in Sdhb‐/‐ cells, participates to collagen IVα2 degradation. Alltogether, these results revealed the existence of Sdhb‐/- specific remodelling of the ECM which may promote mestastatic phenotype by inducing migration cell and adhesion. In parallel, and as a part of a collaborative project, I showed that Sdhb‐/- chromaffin cells (but not WT cells) are able to induce the angiogenic process and to maintain the growth of pre-existing vessels in 3-dimensions. Within the same collaboration, I also worked on the development of a human tumoral chromaffin cells line using 3-dimensions spheroid cultures of human PPGL. This work is ongoing and could lead to the development of the first experimental conditions for growing human PPGL cells in vitro
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Siqueira, Susely Ferraz. "Estudo da estrutura e expressão dos locos genicos mitocondriais cox3/sdh4 e orf78 de Solanum tuberosum L." [s.n.], 2001. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/316482.
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Gonzales, Rodrigo Guidoni. "Utilização dos métodos SDRE e filtro de Kalman para o controle de atitude de simuladores de satélites." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 2009. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m18@80/2009/04.06.12.41.
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Missões espaciais envolvendo procedimentos automáticos de grandes manobras de atitude e controle utilizando novas técnicas de controle não-lineares exigem do Sistema de Controle de Atitude (SCA) alta confiabilidade, bom desempenho e robustez. Neste contexto, a validação experimental de novos equipamentos e/ou técnicas de controle não-linear é o caminho a ser seguido para se aumentar à confiança no projeto antes de sua entrada em serviço. O Departamento de Mecânica Espacial e Controle (DMC) do INPE está construindo um Laboratório de Simulação a fim de fornecer as condições necessárias para implementação e testes de SCA para satélites. A montagem de um simulador de satélites com três graus de liberdade capaz de acomodar vários componentes como sensores, atuadores, computadores e suas respectivas interfaces é um dos principais objetivos deste laboratório. A dinâmica de atitude em três eixos apresenta uma planta altamente não-linear, exigindo no projeto do SCA o emprego de técnicas que considere tais não-linearidades. Portanto, aproximações lineares desta planta e/ou do controlador, na maioria dos casos, não representam corretamente a dinâmica, principalmente quando se realiza manobra de atitude com grandes ângulos. Como resultado, o projeto de controladores com técnicas lineares podem resultar em baixo desempenho, podendo levar o sistema à instabilidade. Neste trabalho utiliza-se o método SDRE (State Dependent Riccati Equation) para o projeto de um SCA para um simulador de satélites com dinâmica não-linear semelhante ao do laboratório da DMC. O SDRE pode ser considerado como a contraparte não-linear do LQR, possuindo suas vantagens e desvantagens. Adicionalmente, aplica-se o método SDRE associado à técnica do Filtro de Kalman a fim de incorporar as não-linearidades existentes em problemas como a presença de ruídos nos processos e nas medidas dos sensores, além da estimação de informações incompletas quanto aos estados do sistema. Um modelo matemático do simulador implementado em Simulink e resultados de simulações são apresentados para demonstrar o bom desempenho e robustez do controlador SDRE juntamente com Filtro de Kalman/SDRE.<br>Space missions involving automatic procedures for big attitude maneuvers and control using new non-linear control techniques require from the satellite Attitude Control System (ACS) reliability, adequate performance and robustness. In that context, experimental validation of new equipment and/or non-linear control techniques through prototypes is the way to increase ACS confidence before launching. The Space Mechanics and Control Division (DMC) of INPE is constructing a Simulation Laboratory to supply the conditions for implementing and testing satellite ACS. The development of a 3DoF simulator that can accommodate various satellites components like sensors, actuators, computers and their respective interface and electronic is an important objective of this Lab. When designing a satellite 3DoF attitude control system, it is necessary to deal with a highly non-linear plant. Linear approximation of the plant and controller is not likely to deliver good performance for large angle maneuvers; therefore a non-linear approach must be considered. This thesis presents the application of State-Dependent Riccati Equation (SDRE) method to design a controller for a 3DoF simulator similar to the DMC one. The SDRE can be considered as the non-linear counterpart of LQR control technique; therefore it has its advantage and disadvantages. In addition, practical applications also have to address problems like presence of noise in process and measurements and incomplete state information; Kalman filter is considered as state observer to address these issues and, in order to incorporate the non-linearities, SDRE method is also applied to filter implementation. A simulink-based model is implemented and a few simulations examples are provided to demonstrate the performance of the SDRE controller with SDRE-based Kalman filter.
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MORAES, Maura Rejane Lameira de. "Os Impactos do neoliberalismo sobre as estratégias e ações das ONGS fase e SDHH: limites e desafios." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/4341.
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Previous issue date: 2011<br>CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico<br>O presente trabalho tem como objetivo central identificar se as organizações não-governamentais Federação de Órgãos para Assistência Social e Educacional e a Sociedade Paraense de Defesa dos Direitos Humanos, caracterizadas pela resistência política na década de 1970, sofreram alterações em suas estratégias e ações frente às novas configurações do capital, particularmente da lógica neoliberal em sua implantação no Brasil na década de 1990. Os objetivos específicos visam caracterizar a trajetória histórica dessas ONGs, reconstruindo seu posicionamento face aos diferentes contextos de expressão estatal e cenários econômico, político e social no Brasil, no período investigado; e analisar em que medida as respostas e posicionamentos políticos assumidos por estas ONGs nos diferentes contextos históricos contribuíram para o processo de democratização da sociedade local e brasileira. O percurso metodológico considerou como principal base de análise a metodologia qualitativa, tendo além de pesquisas documentais e bibliográficas, a pesquisa de campo, com aplicação de entrevistas semi-estruturadas junto a técnicos, ex-técnicos, gestores e ex-gestores das duas entidades pesquisadas. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que ocorreram mudanças nas estratégicas e ações das ONGs analisadas, provocadas pela entrada do Brasil no circuito da reprodução do capital pautado na globalização da economia política neoliberal. Porém, em que se pese à intensidade destes processos, estas mudanças coexistem com uma prática social e política que aponta para processos de resistência.<br>This paper aims to identify if the non-governmental organizations Organ Federation for Social and Educational Assistance and Pará Society of Human Rights Defense, characterized by political resistance in the 1970s, changed their strategies and actions with the face of the new configurations of capital, particularly the neoliberal logic implemented in Brazil in the 1990s. The specific objectives aims to characterize the historical road of these NGOs, rebuilding their position in a relation to different contexts of state expression and economic, political and social scenarios in Brazil during the period investigated; and to examine in what extent the answers and policy positions taken by these NGOs in different historical contexts contributed to the democratization of Brazilian local society. The methodological approach considered the qualitative methodology as the main basis of analyses, in addition documental and literature research, field research, and application of semi-structured interviews with the coaches, former coaches, managers and former managers of two entities surveyed. The results of research indicate that there were changes in the strategies and actions of NGOs studied, caused by the entry of Brazil in the circuit of capital reproduction, guided by the globalization of economy and neoliberal policies. However, despite the intensity of these processes, these changes coexists with a social and political practice that points to process of resistance.