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Silva, José Edmário da, Severino Benone Paes Barbosa, Bueno da Silva Abreu, Kleber Regis Santoro, Elizabete Cristina da Silva, Ângela Maria Vieira Batista, and Rafael Leonardo Vargas Martinez. "Effect of somatic cell count on milk yield and milk components in Holstein cows in a semi-arid climate in Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal 19, no. 4 (October 2018): 391–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-99402018000400004.
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SUMMARY This study aimed to investigate the relationship among somatic cell scores (SCS) and currently selected traits (milk yield, and fat, protein, lactose, total solids and no-fat-solids contents) in Holstein dairy cows in a semi-arid climate. The data were collected from available records of 272 Holstein cows from January 2007 to December 2016. Farms were located in Agreste region of Pernambuco whose climatic characteristics according to Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia-INMET were: average annual temperature of 25.21 °C; average annual precipitation 562.07 mm, and average annual relative humidity 75.61%.. A total of 4,586 records of somatic cell counts (SCC) in the milk, milk yield and milk components was analyzed. The SCC was transformed logarithmically into SCS SCS = log 2 ( SCC / 100 , 000 ) + 3 ) before statistical investigation. Ten SCS were obtained for determining their effects on milk yield and composition. Data were processed using PROC GLM and PROC CORR procedures in SAS. Results showed positive correlations among SCS and fat, protein, total solids and solids-non-fat contents, while the SCS and lactose content and milk yield were negatively correlated. The highest milk yield (34.43 kg/cow/day) was obtained for the lowest SCS (0; 0 to 24 cells x 1000/mL). The milk yield and lactose decreased while protein and fat contents increased when SCS increased mostly above score five (400 to 799 cells x 1000/mL). It was observed that the increase in SCS influenced negatively milk yield and composition in Holstein cows created in the semi-arid climate in Brazil.
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Baquero, Jorge, Xiao-Han Tang, Theresa Scognamiglio, and Lorraine J. Gudas. "EZH2 knockout in oral cavity basal epithelia causes more invasive squamous cell carcinomas." Carcinogenesis 42, no. 12 (October 6, 2021): 1485–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgab091.
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Abstract Oral squamous cell carcinoma (oral SCC) is an aggressive disease and despite intensive treatments, 5-year survival rates for patients have remained low in the last 20 years. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), part of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), is highly expressed in human oral SCC samples and cell lines and has been associated with greater epithelia-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion and metastasis. Here, we developed a tamoxifen-regulated, transgenic mouse line (KcEZH2) in which EZH2 is selectively knocked out (KO) in some tongue epithelial basal stem cells (SCs) in adult mice. EZH2 KO SCs do not show the H3K27me3 mark, as assessed by double-label immunofluorescence. We used this mouse line to assess EZH2 actions during oral tumorigenesis with our immunocompetent 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide model of oral SCC. We report that higher percentages of mice with invasive SCCs and high-grade neoplastic lesions are observed in mice containing EZH2 KO SCs (KcEZH2-2TΔ and KcEZH2-5TΔ mice). Moreover, EZH2 expression does not correlate with the expression of markers of invasive SCCs. Finally, EZH2 KO cells that are E-cadherin+ are present at invasion fronts infiltrating underlying muscle tissue. Our findings indicate that the knockout of EZH2 in basal SCs of tongue epithelia results in more aggressive carcinomas, and this should be considered when targeting EZH2 as a therapeutic strategy.
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Paciorek, PhD, Steven Lawrence, Lauren Birmingham, PhD, MA, Anuja L. Sarode, MPH, and Sonia Alemagno, PhD. "Preparedness of senior centers for active shooter incidents." American Journal of Disaster Medicine 16, no. 2 (August 26, 2021): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/ajdm.2021.0395.
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Objective: The main objective was to evaluate the preparedness of senior centers (SCs) for active shooter (AS) events and test the hypothesis that most SCs were not organized to properly handle AS incidents.Design: A cross-sectional study based on questionnaire with quantitative measures.Setting: A questionnaire-based multistate survey of SC Directors (SCDs) of public and private SCs. Participants: SCs were included upon receipt of answers from SCDs to questionnaire-based survey, resulting in 139 SCs from Ohio, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Maryland, Indiana, Illinois, New York, and West Virginia.Main outcome measure: SCs, SCDs, and SCs’ staff preparedness and vulnerability to an AS event.Results: Over half (56 percent) of SCDs replied that their center was not prepared for an AS event. A significant (p 0.01) association was found between the SCD’s perception of being prepared and the availability of a formal AS preventive policy. The lack of panic buttons and surveillance cameras was significantly (p 0.01) associated with the feeling of inability by SCDs to respond effectively to an AS event. Those SCDs who were confident about their AS preparedness felt significantly (p 0.01) better prepared to respond to an AS incident. Personal interviews with content experts agreed that all SCDs should take steps to develop an official AS preparedness policy, but its implementation should be the direct responsibility of local policymakers and legislators.Conclusions: Most SDCs and SCs are unprepared for AS incidents. SCDs should review or develop specific recommendations and implement plans for a better preparedness of SCs and SCDs for AS events. Considering the inherent high vulnerability of older adults, there is an urgent need to have such AS policy in place.
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Tanod, Wendy Alexander, Uun Yanuhar, Maftuch, Masteria Yunovilsa Putra, and Yenny Risjani. "Screening of NO Inhibitor Release Activity from Soft Coral Extracts Origin Palu Bay, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia." Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 18, no. 2 (July 24, 2019): 126–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871523018666190222115034.
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Background: As a marine organism, soft corals can be utilized to be various bioactive substances, especially terpenoids and steroids. The soft corals family which produces bioactive generally come from clavulariidae, alcyoniidae, nephtheidae and xeniidae family. Objective: To investigate the bioactivity of Nitric Oxide (NO) inhibitor release from soft coral crude extracts of Sinularia sp. (SCA), Nephthea sp. (SCB), Sarcophyton sp. (SCC), Sarcophyton sp. (SCD), Sinularia sp. (SCE) and Sinularia sp. (SCF). Materials and Methods: Soft coral is collected from Palu Bay (Central Sulawesi). NO inhibitory release activity measured according to the Griess reaction. Soft corals sample macerated with 1:2 (w/v). Then, Soft coral extracts with the best NO Inhibitor activity partitioned with Dichloromethane, Ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. The bioactive of all crude extracts were identified by GC-MS to find compounds with anti-inflammatory potential. Results: Sarcophyton sp. (SCC) and Sinularia sp. (SCF) are able to inhibit NO concentrations of 0.22 ± 0.04 and 0.20 ± 0.04 µM at 20 mg/mL, respectively. The chemical constituents determined and showed the potential as anti-inflammatory in the crude of Sinularia sp. (SCA) were Octacosane (3.25%). In Nephthea sp., (SCB) were Cyclohexene, 6-ethenyl-6- methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-3-(1-methylethylidene)-,(S)- (0.55%); Azulene, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8- octahydro-1,4-dimethyl-7-(1-methylethylidene)-, (1S-cis)- (0.53%); and 1,7,7-Trimethyl- 2-vinylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene (4.72%). In Sarcophyton sp, (SCC) were Eicosane (0.12%); Nonacosane (10.7%); 14(β)-Pregnane (0.87%); Octacosane 6.39%); and Tricosane (1.53%). In Sarcophyton sp. (SCD) were 14(β)-Pregnane (2.69%); and Octadecane (27.43%). In crude of Sinularia sp. (SCE) were Oleic Acid (0.63%); 7,10-Hexadecadienoic acid, methyl ester (0.54%); 14(β)-Pregnane (1.07%); 5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraenoic acid, ethyl ester, (all-Z)- (4.60%); Octacosane (7.75%); and 1,2-Benzisothiazole, 3-(hexahydro-1Hazepin- 1-yl)-, 1,1-dioxide (1.23%). In the crude of Sinularia sp., (SCF) were Oxirane, decyl- (1.38%); Nonacosane (0.57%); Cyclohexanol, 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)- (0.61%); 14B-Pregnane (0.76%); and Tetratriacontane (1.02%). Conclusion: The extract of Sarcophyton sp. (SCC) and Sinularia sp. (SCF) showed the best NO inhibitory release activity. This study is making soft corals from Central Sulawesi, Indonesia can become a potential organism in the discovery and development of bioactive substances anti-inflammatory.
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Atashi, Hadi, and Miel Hostens. "Genetic Aspects of Somatic Cell Count in Holstein Dairy Cows in Iran." Animals 11, no. 6 (June 1, 2021): 1637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11061637.
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The aim of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters of somatic cell count (SCC) and its relationship with production traits in the first three parities in Iranian Holstein dairy cows. Data were 1,891,559 test-day records of SCC, milk yield, and milk compositions on 276,217 lactations on 147,278 cows distributed in 134 herds. The number of test-day records in the first, second and third parities were 995,788 (on 147,278 cows), 593,848 (on 85,153 cows), and 301,923 (on 43,786 cows), respectively. Test-day SCCs were transformed to somatic cell scores (SCS). A random regression test-day animal model through four-trait three-lactation was used to estimate variance components for test-day records of SCS and lactation traits were included. Gibbs sampling was used to obtain marginal posterior distributions for the various parameters using a single chain of 200,000 iterates in which the first 50,000 iterates of each chain were regarded as a burn-in period. The mean heritability estimates for SCS (0.15 to 0.18) were lower than those for milk yield (0.36 to 0.38), fat yield (0.30 to 0.31), protein yield (0.31 to 0.32), fat percentage (0.21 to 0.25), and protein percentage (0.21 to 0.22). Low negative genetic correlations ranging from −0.05 to −0.30 were found between SCS and yield traits (milk, fat, and protein yields). The genetic correlation found between SCS and fat percentage was close to zero, however, a low positive genetic correlation ranging from 0.12 to 0.17 was found between SCS and protein percentage. Based on the results, it can be concluded that genetic selection for decreasing SCS would also increase lactation yield. The estimates found in this study can be used to perform breeding value estimations for national genetic evaluations in Iranian Holsteins using a multiple-trait, multiple-lactation random regression model.
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Yang, Lei, Yingbin Ge, Jian Tang, Jinxia Yuan, Dawei Ge, Hongtao Chen, Hongxiu Zhang, and Xiaojian Cao. "Schwann Cells Transplantation Improves Locomotor Recovery in Rat Models with Spinal Cord Injury: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 37, no. 6 (2015): 2171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000438574.
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Background/Aims: Schwann cells (SCs) which were demonstrated to be responsible for axonal myelination and ensheathing are widely studied and commonly used for cell transplantation to treat spinal cord injury (SCI). We performed this meta-analysis to summarize the effects of SCs versus controls for locomotor recovery in rat models of traumatic SCI. Methods: Studies of the BBB scores after transplantation of SCs were searched out from Pubmed, Cochrane Library Medline databases and analyzed by Review Manager 5.2.5. Results: Thirteen randomized controlled animal trials were selected with 283 rats enrolled. The studies were divided to different subgroups by different models of SCI, different cell doses for transplantation, different sources of SCs and different transplantation ways. The pooled results of this meta-analysis suggested that SCs transplantation cannot significantly improve the locomotor recovery at a short time after intervention (1 week after transplantation) in both impacted and hemi-sected SCI models. However, at a longer time after intervention (3, 5-7 and over 8 weeks after transplantation), significant improvement of BBB score emerged in SCs groups compared with control groups. Subgroup analyses revealed that SCs transplantation can significantly promote locomotor recovery regardless of in high or low doses of cells, from different sources (isolated from sciatic nerves or differentiated from bone marrow stromal cells(BMSCs)) and with or without scaffolding. Conclusion: SCs seem to demonstrate substantial beneficial effects on locomotor recovery in a widely-used animal models of SCI.
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Santosa, Bagus Jaya. "Pengaruh Model Kulit Bumi terhadap Gelombang ScS dan ScS-ScS." Jurnal Fisika dan Aplikasinya 5, no. 1 (January 15, 2009): 090102. http://dx.doi.org/10.12962/j24604682.v5i1.928.
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Pearse, Damien, Johana Bastidas, Sarah Izabel, and Mousumi Ghosh. "Schwann Cell Transplantation Subdues the Pro-Inflammatory Innate Immune Cell Response after Spinal Cord Injury." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 9 (August 28, 2018): 2550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19092550.
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The transplantation of Schwann cells (SCs) has been shown to provide tissue preservation and support axon growth and remyelination as well as improve functional recovery across a diverse range of experimental spinal cord injury (SCI) paradigms. The autologous use of SCs has progressed to Phase 1 SCI clinical trials in humans where their use has been shown to be both feasible and safe. The contribution of immune modulation to the protective and reparative actions of SCs within the injured spinal cord remains largely unknown. In the current investigation, the ability of SC transplants to alter the innate immune response after contusive SCI in the rat was examined. SCs were intraspinally transplanted into the lesion site at 1 week following a thoracic (T8) contusive SCI. Multicolor flow cytometry and immunohistochemical analysis of specific phenotypic markers of pro- and anti-inflammatory microglia and macrophages as well as cytokines at 1 week after SC transplantation was employed. The introduction of SCs significantly attenuated the numbers of cluster of differentiation molecule 11B (CD11b)+, cluster of differentiation molecule 68 (CD68)+, and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1)+ immune cells within the lesion implant site, particularly those immunoreactive for the pro-inflammatory marker, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Whereas numbers of anti-inflammatory CD68+ Arginase-1 (Arg1+) iNOS− cells were not altered by SC transplantation, CD68+ cells of an intermediate, Arg1+ iNOS+ phenotype were increased by the introduction of SCs into the injured spinal cord. The morphology of Iba1+ immune cells was also markedly altered in the SC implant, being elongated and in alignment with SCs and in-growing axons versus their amoeboid form after SCI alone. Examination of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and anti-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10), by multicolor flow cytometry analysis showed that their production in CD11b+ cells was unaltered by SC transplantation at 1 week post-transplantation. The ability of SCs to subdue the pro-inflammatory iNOS+ microglia and macrophage phenotype after intraspinal transplantation may provide an important contribution to the neuroprotective effects of SCs within the sub-acute SCI setting.
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Jat, Hanuman S., Madhu Choudhary, Suresh K. Kakraliya, Manoj K. Gora, Manish Kakraliya, Vikas Kumar, Priyanka, et al. "A Decade of Climate-Smart Agriculture in Major Agri-Food Systems: Earthworm Abundance and Soil Physico-Biochemical Properties." Agronomy 12, no. 3 (March 9, 2022): 658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12030658.
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Earthworms (EWs) could be a viable indicator of soil biology and agri-food system management. The influence of climate-smart agriculture (CSA)-based sustainable intensification practices (zero tillage, crop rotations, crop residue retention, and precision water and nutrients application) on earthworms’ (EWs) populations and soil physico-biochemical properties of rice-wheat cropping system in the Indo-Gangetic plains of South Asia was investigated. This study investigates the effect of 10-years adoption of various CSA practices on the abundance of earthworms and physical and biochemical properties of the soil and EWs’ casts (EWC). Five scenarios (Sc) were included: conventionally managed rice-wheat system (farmers’ practices, Sc1), CSA-based rice-wheat-mungbean system with flood irrigation (FI) (Sc2) and subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) (Sc3), CSA-based maize-wheat-mungbean system with FI (Sc4), and SDI (Sc5). Results revealed that EWs were absent under Sc1, while the 10-year adoption of CSA-based scenarios (mean of Sc2–5) increased EWs’ density and biomass to be 257.7 no. m−2 and 36.05 g m−2, respectively. CSA-based maize scenarios (Sc4 and Sc5) attained higher EWs’ density and biomass over rice-based CSA scenarios (Sc2 and Sc4). Also, SDI-based scenarios (Sc3 and Sc5) recorded higher EWs’ density and biomass over FI (Sc2 and Sc4). Maize-based CSA with SDI recorded the highest EWs’ density and EWs’ biomass. The higher total organic carbon in EWC (1.91%) than in the bulk soil of CSA-based scenarios (0.98%) and farmers’ practices (0.65%) suggests the shift of crop residue to a stable SOC (in EWC). EWC contained significant amounts of C and available NPK under CSA practices, which were nil under Sc1. All CSA-based scenarios attained higher enzymes activities over Sc1. CSA-based scenarios, in particular, maize-based scenarios using SDI, improved EWs’ proliferation, SOC, and nutrients storage (in soil and EWC) and showed a better choice for the IGP farmers with respect to C sequestration, soil quality, and nutrient availability.
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Kakraliya, Suresh K., Hanuman S. Jat, Tek B. Sapkota, Ishwar Singh, Manish Kakraliya, Manoj K. Gora, Parbodh C. Sharma, and Mangi L. Jat. "Effect of Climate-Smart Agriculture Practices on Climate Change Adaptation, Greenhouse Gas Mitigation and Economic Efficiency of Rice-Wheat System in India." Agriculture 11, no. 12 (December 14, 2021): 1269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11121269.
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Conventional rice–wheat (RW) rotation in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) of South Asia is tillage, water, energy, and capital intensive. Coupled with these, crop residue burning contributes significantly to greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and environmental pollution. So, to evaluate the GHG mitigation potential of various climate-smart agricultural practices (CSAPs), an on-farm research trial was conducted during 2014–2017 in Karnal, India. Six management scenarios (portfolios of practices), namely, Sc1—business as usual (BAU)/conventional tillage (CT) without residue, Sc2—CT with residue, Sc3—reduced tillage (RT) with residue + recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), Sc4—RT/zero tillage (ZT) with residue + RDF, Sc5—ZT with residue + RDF + GreenSeeker + Tensiometer, and Sc6—Sc5 + nutrient-expert tool, were included. The global warming potential (GWP) of the RW system under CSAPs (Sc4, Sc5, and Sc6) and the improved BAU (Sc2 and Sc3) were 33–40% and 4–26% lower than BAU (7653 kg CO2 eq./ha/year), respectively. This reflects that CSAPs have the potential to mitigate GWP by ~387 metric tons (Mt) CO2 eq./year from the 13.5 Mha RW system of South Asia. Lower GWP under CSAPs resulted in 36–44% lower emission intensity (383 kg CO2 eq./Mg/year) compared to BAU (642 kg CO2 eq./Mg/year). Meanwhile, the N-factor productivity and eco-efficiency of the RW system under CSAPs were 32–57% and 70–105% higher than BAU, respectively, which reflects that CSAPs are more economically and environmentally sustainable than BAU. The wheat yield obtained under various CSAPs was 0.62 Mg/ha and 0.84 Mg/ha higher than BAU during normal and bad years (extreme weather events), respectively. Thus, it is evident that CSAPs can cope better with climatic extremes than BAU. Therefore, a portfolio of CSAPs should be promoted in RW belts for more adaptation and climate change mitigation.
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Pang, Bo, Riyu Lu, and Rongcai Ren. "Impact of the Scandinavian Pattern on Long-Lived Cold Surges over the South China Sea." Journal of Climate 35, no. 6 (March 15, 2022): 1773–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-21-0607.1.
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Abstract This study investigates the influence of the Scandinavian (SCA) pattern on long-lived cold surges over the South China Sea (SCS). The results show that, different from the short-lived ones, the majority of long-lived cold surges over the SCS are preceded by a negative phase of the quasi-stationary SCA pattern in the extratropics, which is characterized as a primary cyclonic center over the Scandinavian Peninsula and two anticyclonic ones over the North Atlantic and central Siberia. This connection is mainly conducted through a continuous amplification of the high pressure anomalies over East Asia. On the other hand, the SCA-related anomalies also reveal identical responses as an increase in sea level pressure over East Asia and northerly flows over the SCS. Besides, the SCA pattern may influence the long-lived cold surges over the SCS by facilitating blocking occurrences through the extensive and quasi-stationary anticyclone over central Siberia. The present results have an implication for the extended weather forecast: long-lasting circulation anomalies, such as the SCA pattern, can affect long-lasting weather phenomena in the regions that are located remotely in both the zonal and meridional directions, such as long-lived cold surges over the SCS.
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Costechareyre, Denis, Florence Capo, Alexandre Fabre, Delphine Chaduli, Christine Kellenberger, Alain Roussel, Bernard Charroux, and Julien Royet. "Tissue-Specific Regulation of Drosophila NF-κB Pathway Activation by Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein SC." Journal of Innate Immunity 8, no. 1 (October 30, 2015): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000437368.
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In Drosophila, peptidoglycan (PGN) is detected by PGN recognition proteins (PGRPs) that act as pattern recognition receptors. Some PGRPs such as PGRP-LB or PGRP-SCs are able to cleave PGN, therefore reducing the amount of immune elicitors and dampening immune deficiency (IMD) pathway activation. The precise role of PGRP-SC is less well defined because the PGRP-SC genes (PGRP-SC1a, PGRP-SC1b and PGRP-SC2) lie very close on the chromosome and have been studied using a deletion encompassing the three genes. By generating PGRP-SC-specific mutants, we reevaluated the roles of PGRP-LB, PGRP-SC1 and PGRP-SC2, respectively, during immune responses. We showed that these genes are expressed in different gut domains and that they follow distinct transcriptional regulation. Loss-of-function mutant analysis indicates that PGRP-LB is playing a major role in IMD pathway activation and bacterial load regulation in the gut, although PGRP-SCs are expressed at high levels in this organ. We also demonstrated that PGRP-SC2 is the main negative regulator of IMD pathway activation in the fat body. Accordingly, we showed that mutants for either PGRP-LB or PGRP-SC2 displayed a distinct susceptibility to bacteria depending on the infection route. Lastly, we demonstrated that PGRP-SC1 and PGRP-SC2 are required in vivo for full Toll pathway activation by Gram-positive bacteria.
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Abdelghany, S., N. H. Fahim, F. Samir, and M. A. Radwan. "The Use of Teat-End Hyperkeratosis to Predict Somatic Cell Count and Milk Quality of Holstein Cows Raised in Egypt." Tropical Animal Science Journal 44, no. 2 (June 2021): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5398/tasj.2021.44.2.213.
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The study aimed to investigate the association between teat-end hyperkeratosis (THK) and somatic cell count (SCC) and to assess the effect of SCC on milk yield, fat, and protein percentages of Holstein cows. A total of 740 udder quarters of 185 Holstein cows kept in three commercial herds in Egypt were enrolled in the study from May to September 2019. Foremilk samples were collected from udder quarters for assessing milk SCC, fat, and protein percentages. On the same cows, a digital picture of each teat end orifice was taken with a digital camera. Cows’ teats were assessed for THK and classified into two different groups of hyperkeratosis; mild and severe THK. SCC was converted to five classes of somatic cell score (SCS). Simple linear regression was performed to determine the loss of milk yield, fat, and protein percentages. SCC was significantly affected by THK (p<0.0001). About 57% of teats were classified as mild THK and 43% as severe THK. The teats with severe THK recorded higher SCC in milk. It was observed that SCS had a significant effect on fat and protein percentages (p<0.0001). A similar trend was shown for the effect of SCS on milk yield (p<0.05), where the highest values of milk traits were obtained for the lowest SCS. The loss of milk was 220 g/day. Also, fat and protein percentages decreased by 0.11% and 0.08%, respectively, for each unit increase in SCS, from zero to four. In conclusion, severe THK can lead to high SCC, which negatively affects milk traits.
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You, Yanzhi, Changhe Ding, Jinlong Li, Jun Meng, Xiankun Zhang, and Jianxin Jiang. "Evaluating the Effect of Residual Lignin Contents and Fermentation Systems on Bioethanol Production." Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy 15, no. 3 (June 1, 2021): 312–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2021.2057.
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Peroxide-acetic acid (Peroxide-HAc) pretreatment is a simplified and cost-effective technology due to its mild conditions without the catalysis of strong acids, which was introduced to treat sugarcane bagasse (SCB) in this paper. Then pretreated SCB was used to produce bioethanol using thermophilic Saccharomyces cerevisiae in deionized water (DW) and sodium citrate buffer solution (SCS) fermentation systems, respectively. Results: showed that peroxide-HAc pretreatment can selectively remove lignin and change morphological structures, thus positively increasing saccharification and fermentation efficiency downstream. SCB pretreated at 100 °C obtained the lowest residual lignin content of 2.88% and achieved the highest ethanol yield of 92.10% (0.45 g/g-biomass) in DW system. In particular, SCS can decrease the residual sugars content of pretreated SCB during simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF) process. The addition of Tween 80 improved SSCF of SCB pretreated at 80 °C likely because Tween 80 can block residual lignin adsorption with enzymes. The concentration of acetic acid and glycerol byproducts from SCB pretreated at 80 °C can be decreased by SCS and DW systems, respectively, comparing to SCS and DW systems with additing Tween 80. This study provided a systematic process route for the bioethanol production by mild pretreatment method.
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Lee, Kuen Su, Yoo Kyung Jang, Gene Hyun Park, In Jae Jun, and Jae Chul Koh. "Successful application of burst spinal cord stimulation for refractory upper limb pain: a case series." Journal of International Medical Research 49, no. 3 (March 2021): 030006052110040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03000605211004035.
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Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been used to treat sustained pain that is intractable despite various types of treatment. However, conventional tonic waveform SCS has not shown promising outcomes for spinal cord injury (SCI) or postamputation pain. The pain signal mechanisms of burst waveforms are different to those of conventional tonic waveforms, but few reports have presented the therapeutic potential of burst waveforms for the abovementioned indications. This current case report describes two patients with refractory upper limb pain after SCI and upper limb amputation that were treated with burst waveform SCS. While the patients could not obtain sufficient therapeutic effect with conventional tonic waveforms, the burst waveforms provided better pain reduction with less discomfort. However, further studies are necessary to better clarify the mechanisms and efficacy of burst waveform SCS in patients with intractable pain.
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Kyrchanova, Olga, Dmitry Leman, Alexander Parshikov, Anna Fedotova, Vasily Studitsky, Oksana Maksimenko, and Pavel Georgiev. "New Properties of Drosophila scs and scs’ Insulators." PLoS ONE 8, no. 4 (April 24, 2013): e62690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0062690.
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Yan, Yufan, Yi Li, and Timing Qu. "Screening current induced magnetic field and stress in ultra-high-field magnets using REBCO coated conductors." Superconductor Science and Technology 35, no. 1 (December 3, 2021): 014003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/ac392b.
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Abstract Rare-earth-based barium copper oxide (REBCO) coated conductors are promising candidates for the development of ultra-high-field (UHF) magnets, due to its high in-field performance, engineering current density, tensile strength and commercial availability. However, technological challenges pertaining to the large screening currents still remain. The major issues caused by the screening currents in REBCO conductors in UHF applications involve two aspects: the screening current induced magnetic field (SCF), and the screening current induced stress (SCS). In the past decades, extensive research has been devoted to the SCF, offering a variety of possible remedies. With latest advances in the construction and testing of UHF magnets, new observations of the SCF involving REBCO coils were reported. The SCS was identified in recent years and has raised growing concerns. The excessive and highly concentrated Lorentz force, rooted in the high magnetic field and the screening currents, poses threats to the mechanical strength of REBCO coated conductors. The aim of this paper is to review recent research efforts in understanding and tackling the screening current related technological issues. For the SCF, we focus on the latest observations in high-field experiments and its various mitigation methods. For the SCS, we present recent studies including experimental characterizations, numerical modelling and possible countermeasures. It is still an open question to precisely predict the SCS in large-scale HTS magnets. How to minimize the influence of SCF and SCS is one of the key technical challenges for the design of future UHF magnets.
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Artemieva, Olga, Daria A. Nikanova, Alexander Kositsin, Irina Lashneva, Larisa P. Ignatieva, Alexander A. Sermyagin, and Natalia A. Zinovieva. "PSX-B-21 Diagnosis of early mastitis in dairy cows: Somatic cells and bacterial pathogen measuring." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_3 (October 8, 2021): 269–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab235.494.
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Abstract Mastitis is an inflammatory condition of the breast that can be caused by chemical, physical, traumatic injury or bacteria. In recent years, biomarkers for the mastitis diagnosis have been actively studied. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between SCC and pathogenic bacteria in milk occurrence. The study carried out by milk samples collected in the experimental herd (Krasnodar region, Russia) from 85 Holsteinized Black-and-White cows. Healthy cows (HC; n = 4), cows at risk for clinical mastitis (RCM, n = 22), subclinical (SCM; n = 25) and clinical mastitis (CM; n = 34) groups were divided by a bacteriological cultivation and SCC level (Fossomatic7 DC). SCC results were logarithmically converted to SCS. Consequent groups were included animals with SCS level: HC (SCS < 4.1), RCM (4.2≤SCS≤5.3), SCM (5.4≤SCS≤6.3), CM (SCS >6.4). HC group of animals showed SCS equal to 3.11±0.28, 4.85±0.44 for RCM, 5.8±0.28 for SCM and 7.43±0.87 for CM. Identification of isolated bacteria species was carried out by conventional biochemical methods using the API20E, APIStaph, API20Strep tests (bioMerieux SA,France). Number of isolated pathogenic bacteria in CM group was 57 strains of which 33.3% were attributed to Enterobacteriaceae, 45.6% to coagulase-negative staphylococci (CONS), 12.3% to S.aureus and 8.8% to Ps.aeruginosa. In SCM group there were assigned 48 strains: 32.5% to Enterobacteriaceae strains, 42.5% to CONS, 20.0% to S.aureus, 5.0% to Ps.aeruginosa. The antibiotic susceptibility was determined according to NCCLS and EUCAST. S.aureus isolates showed the highest sensitivity to erythromycin (4.3% of resistant strains) and the highest resistance to ciprofloxacin (100%), tetracycline (95.0%), rifampicin (88.5%), benzylpenicillin (79.3%), novobiocin (69.2%) and fusidin (65.5%). The primary analysis of SCC and milk microbiological profile can be able to increase the accuracy of mastitis occurrence diagnosing that contributes to taking the right decision for choosing an antibiotic to preserve the cows’ health in Russian cattle population. The study was funded by RSF (project No.21-76-20046)
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Ludovico, Agostinho, Vinicius Buffon Maion, Dalton Evert Bronkhorst, Fabíola De Almeida Cristine Rego Grecco, Luiz Fernando Coelho da Cunha Filho, Ivone Yurika Mizubuti, Kelly Molin de Almeida, Marilucia Dos Santos Ludovico, and Elsa Helena Walter de Santana. "Losses in milk production and quality due to milk somatic cell count and heat stress of Holsteins cows in temperate climate." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 36, no. 5 (October 21, 2015): 3455. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2015v36n5p3455.
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<p class="Pa7">The aims of present study were to evaluate the effects of milk somatic cell count (SCC) and heat stress on yield and milk composition of cows in a herd for commercial production in a temperate region during the period 2008-2012. Data from the monthly milk test-day records of 161±9 Holstein, totaling 9,650 milkings, were provided by the Association of Holstein Cattle Breeders of Parana State, and analyzed by descriptive analysis, correlation, analysis of variance, and regression analysis. The average daily milk yield was 31.78 kg/cow, which decreased to 29.31% when the somatic cell score (SCS) was 9, and to 11% when the Equivalent Temperature Index (ETI) was 32 or above. Lactose content decreased from SCS 0 until 9 and fat content decreased from SCS 1 until 9, totaling decrease 7.88 and 9.23%, respectively, when the SCS was 9. An opposite effect was observed for the protein content, which increased by 3.6% at SCS 8, when compared to SCS 0. Losses were observed in the daily total solids production from the SCS 0, totaling 30.64% at SCS 9.The increase in ETI to 32 or above reduced all milk constituents as much as 3.42%, except protein. These results, combined with the losses in milk yield at that ETI level, led to a decrease of up to 12.74% of milk solids. It is concluded that since losses in milk quality and yield resulting from SCC and ETI are significant, actions to prevent infection in the mammary gland and to provide a comfortable environment for dairy cattle are needed even in temperate regions.</p>
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Phommavongsa, Sakkouna, Anh Nguyen Phan Hoang, and Manh Vu Quang. "Study on the natural habitats of the giant water bug Lethocerus indicus (Lepeletier et Seville, 1775) (Hemiptera : Belostomatidae) contributing to sustainable management of this rare water insect named in the Red Data Book of Vietnam." Journal of Science Natural Science 66, no. 4F (November 2021): 128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18173/2354-1059.2021-0075.
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The study was focused on the natural habitats and distribution of the giant water bug Lethocerus indicus in Lao PDR, with the aims to conserve and breed this rare water insect. The following conclusions were given: Adult giant water bugs were distributed in 5 main natural habitat types, including SC1. Habitat with flowing water such as rivers, streams and canals; SC2. Habitat type with standing or less flowing water such as ponds, lakes and lagoons; SC3. Habitat types such as water rice fields or aquatic plants; SC4. Habitat of standing water or puddles on the edge or inside the rice field; and SC5; and other Habitats include terrestrial, drifting with water, hiding in earthen caves near aquatic habitats. The number of adult giant water bugs decreased in the order of natural habitats studied, as follows SC3 >SC4 >SC2 >SC5 >SC1. The weter rice fields were the most suitable habitat for adult giant water bug. Research results showed that, there are similarities in the distribution of adult male and female in the studied natural habitats. The ratio of adult male to female giant water bug found in the above five studied natural habitats was 1.0 versus 2.3, respectively.
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Rokszin, Alice, Zita Márkus, Gábor Braunitzer, Antal Berényi, Marek Wypych, Wioletta Waleszczyk, György Benedek, and Attila Nagy. "Spatio-temporal visual properties in the ascending tectofugal system." Open Life Sciences 5, no. 1 (February 1, 2010): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11535-009-0065-6.
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AbstractOur study compares the spatio-temporal visual receptive field properties of different subcortical stages of the ascending tectofugal visual system. Extracellular single-cell recordings were performed in the superficial (SCs) and intermediate (SCi) layers of the superior colliculus (SC), the suprageniculate nucleus (Sg) of the posterior thalamus and the caudate nucleus (CN) of halothane-anesthetized cats. Neuronal responses to drifting gratings of various spatial and temporal frequencies were recorded. The neurons of each structure responded optimally to low spatial and high temporal frequencies and displayed narrow spatial and temporal frequency tuning. The detailed statistical analysis revealed that according to its stimulus preferences the SCs has markedly different spatio-temporal properties from the homogeneous group formed by the SCi, Sg and CN. The SCs neurons preferred higher spatial and lower temporal frequencies and had broader spatial tuning than the other structures. In contrast to the SCs the visually active SCi, as well as the Sg and the CN neurons possessed consequently similar spatio-temporal preferences. These data support our hypothesis that the visually active SCi, Sg and CN neurons form a homogeneous neuronal population given a similar spatio-temporal frequency preference and a common function in processing of dynamic visual information.
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Behringer, Verena, Jeroen M. G. Stevens, and Ruth Sonnweber. "Salivary Cortisol Reaction Norms in Zoo-Housed Great Apes: Diurnal Slopes and Intercepts as Indicators of Stress Response Quality." Animals 12, no. 4 (February 21, 2022): 522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12040522.
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Monitoring changes in cortisol levels is a widespread tool for measuring individuals’ stress responses. However, an acute increase in cortisol levels does not necessarily denote an individual in distress, as increases in cortisol can be elicited by all factors that signal the need to mobilize energy. Nor are low levels of cortisol indicative for a relaxed, healthy individual. Therefore, a more fine-grained description of cortisol patterns is warranted in order to distinguish between cortisol fluctuations associated with different stress response qualities. In most species, cortisol shows a distinct diurnal pattern. Using a reaction norm approach, cortisol levels across the day can be described by the two regression coefficients: the intercept and the slope of the curve. We measured immunoreactive salivary cortisol in three zoo-housed ape species under three conditions (routine days, enrichment days, and after the move to a new house). We examined salivary cortisol intercepts (SCI) and salivary cortisol slopes (SCS) of the diurnal curves. SCI and SCS were independent from each other. SCI was highest on enrichment days and lowest on routine days. SCS was steep on routine days and blunted after the move. Only SCI was species-specific. Our study provides evidence that combining SCI and SCS measures allows us to differentiate between types of stress responses, thereby constituting a useful tool for welfare assessment.
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Kumar, Rajesh, and Sanjay Kumar. "Supply Chain Orientation, Integration, Sustainability and Organizational Performance in Healthcare Industry." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 11 (November 1, 2020): 5174–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.9360.
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The concept of Supply chain Orientation (SCO), Supply Chain Integration (SCI), Supply Chain Sustainability(SCS) and Organizational Performance (OP) has been envisaged independently or incombination by researchers. Present paper is an attempt to provide comprehensive view on SCO,SCI, SCS and OP including the areas of organizational strategy, Organization structure and organizationenvironment getting insight from healthcare industry. This study reviews how synchronizationof Intra-organization and Inter-organizations strategies, structure and environment help to improveOrganization Performance.
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Obaidat, Mohammad S. "SCS News: Mohammad S. Obaidat Elected Fellow of SCS." SIMULATION 77, no. 1-2 (July 2001): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003754970107700106.
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Fuchs, Elaine. "Stem Cell Paradigms in Tissue Regeneration and Cancer." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): SCI—41—SCI—41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.sci-41.sci-41.
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Abstract Stem cells (SCs) have the ability to self-renew long term and differentiate into one or more tissues. Typically, SCs are used sparingly to replenish cells during normal homeostasis. However, even SCs that are quiescent must be able to respond quickly to injury in order to fuel rapid tissue regeneration. How SCs balance self-renewal and differentiation is of fundamental importance to our understanding of normal tissue maintenance and wound repair. Increasing evidence suggests that the regulatory circuitry governing this balancing act is at the root of some types of tumors both in mice and in humans. The skin is an excellent model system to understand how SCs function in normal tissue generation and how this process goes awry in cancer. Many of the principles we have unearthed by studying skin stem cells have parallels to the hematopoietic system. We have identified quiescent and “primed”/active SCs within the skin and shown that primed SCs have a lower threshold for activation to enter tissue regeneration. We have learned that during normal homeostasis, SC behavior is controlled not only through cues received from their microenvironment but also through signals emanating from their differentiating lineages. We have been dissecting how extrinsic signaling to SCs trigger a cascade of transcriptional changes that govern SC activation during tissue development, homeostasis and hair regeneration. Our findings provide new insights into our understanding of the process of SC activation, and in so doing have revealed mechanisms which are also deregulated in a variety of different human cancers. Our goal is to understand how SCs start and stop making tissue, and how this changes in cancer. Our recent discoveries on this topic have led us to the realm of identifying and characterizing cancer SCs (tumor-initiating cells) of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the skin. We developed a new method to knockdown genes specifically in skin and oral progenitors, enabling us to screen not only the differences between cancer and normal SCs, but also the myriad of gene alterations surfacing from the Human Cancer Sequencing project. Our screens have illuminated new oncogenes and tumor suppressors for SCCs, among the most prevalent and life-threating cancers world-wide that include cancers of lung, esophagus, breast, cervix, prostate, throat and oral tissues. Our findings are unearthing new targets for cancer therapeutics. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Lashneva, Irina, Alexander A. Sermyagin, Larisa P. Ignatieva, Elena Gladyr, Alexander Ermilov, and Natalia A. Zinovieva. "PSXII-7 Milk somatic cells monitoring in Russian Holstein cattle population as a base for determining genetic and genomic variability." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_3 (October 8, 2021): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab235.460.
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Abstract Health traits in dairy cattle have crucial meaning to produce high quality milk. Despite of fertility problems and metabolic disorders in cows, the mastitis has a bigger economic losses influence to include it as selection criteria in cattle breeding. Somatic cell count (SCC) in that case are the good predictor for monitoring udder health cows under whole population level or separate herd. The aim of our study was to assess genetic and genomic components for SCC and their scores (SCS) using experimental dataset by seven herds with the subsequent QTL identification. For six-month observation the 5824 cows with 19786 test-day records were included into analysis. Then EBVs by offspring assessing of 139 genotyped Holstein sires were calculated trough TD Model (BLUPF90) and then it adopted as pseudo-phenotypes for GWAS. After quality control using Plink 1.90, we used ≈39K SNP (Illumina 50K). The average values for SCC and SCS were 351±7 thousands cells/ml and 2.86±0.02 score respectively. Heritability coefficients revealed low genetic variation for SCC – 0.119 and moderate for SCS – 0.211. Daily yield for cows with SCC >1000×103 cells/ml was low by -4.0 kg milk to compare individuals with SCC < 100×103 cells/ml. At the same time lactose content and freezing point were decreasing by 4.93 to 4.69% and -0.635 to -0.618°C. By Cattle QTLdb we identified some causal genes for SCC on BTA3 (ROR1), BTA9 (EZR), BTA13 (OSBPL2,DNAJC5,ZBTB46,MTG2), BTA14 (KHDRBS3) and BTA22 (RBMS3). But more relevant GWAS calls were found for SCS by BTA14 (KCNB2, ZFAT) as QTL associated to the milking speed that has unfavorable genetic correlation with clinical mastitis or SCS. Thereby, genes detected under experimental study, are the valuable and informative markers to implementation genomic selection methods for cattle health in creating Russian bulls’ reference population. The study was funded by RFBR within project No. 20-316-90050
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Adel, Heba Mohamed. "ICT, information sharing and a new hybrid lean-agile performance: Empirical evidence from automotive hierarchical supply chains." International Journal of Technology Management & Sustainable Development 19, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 221–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/tmsd_00023_1.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the direct and indirect effects of information and communication technology (ICT) on a hybrid lean-agile supply chain performance (HSCP) in terms of leanness, agility and leagility of automotive supply chains (SCs) in Egypt. A conceptual framework was proposed and tested using questionnaires, which were filled through face-to-face interviews. A mixed-methods approach was used to achieve a comprehensive understanding of research relationships. The population was 101 international organizations in Egyptian automotive industry within its three sub-sectors (manufacturers of auto-feeding and automotive industries and distributors). Structural equation modelling was used to examine the proposed relationships. Results indicated that ICT positively/significantly affects both SC integration (SCI) and HSCP. SCI positively/significantly affects SC information sharing (SCIS). SCIS affects HSCP in terms of mass customization and postponement positively/significantly. The three sub-sectors are using a new blended SC strategy that hybridizes attributes of each approach according to the SC node’s position. This article adds value to the current debate on the applicability of implementing a blended lean-agile SC strategy by integrating two main lines of management research (leagility approach and hybridized lean-agile manufacturing systems) into one new hybrid approach. It is the first study that investigated empirically the direct/indirect ICT–HSCP relationships of multiple nodes in a heterogeneous market. It maps the hierarchical auto SCs of an emerging market. It provides automotive SC players with practical insights on using ICT for better SCI and SCIS and choosing the appropriate aspects of leanness, agility and leagility based on the organization’s position across its SC.
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Iorgulescu, J. Bryan, Samik P. Patel, Jack Louro, Christian M. Andrade, Andre R. Sanchez, and Damien D. Pearse. "Acute Putrescine Supplementation with Schwann Cell Implantation Improves Sensory and Serotonergic Axon Growth and Functional Recovery in Spinal Cord Injured Rats." Neural Plasticity 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/186385.
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Schwann cell (SC) transplantation exhibits significant potential for spinal cord injury (SCI) repair and its use as a therapeutic modality has now progressed to clinical trials for subacute and chronic human SCI. Although SC implants provide a receptive environment for axonal regrowth and support functional recovery in a number of experimental SCI models, axonal regeneration is largely limited to local systems and the behavioral improvements are modest without additional combinatory approaches. In the current study we investigated whether the concurrent delivery of the polyamine putrescine, started either 30 min or 1 week after SCI, could enhance the efficacy of SCs when implanted subacutely (1 week after injury) into the contused rat spinal cord. Polyamines are ubiquitous organic cations that play an important role in the regulation of the cell cycle, cell division, cytoskeletal organization, and cell differentiation. We show that the combination of putrescine with SCs provides a significant increase in implant size, an enhancement in axonal (sensory and serotonergic) sparing and/or growth, and improved open field locomotion after SCI, as compared to SC implantation alone. These findings demonstrate that polyamine supplementation can augment the effectiveness of SCs when used as a therapeutic approach for subacute SCI repair.
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Sun, Liting, Changgeng Peng, Elbert Joosten, Chi Wai Cheung, Fei Tan, Wencheng Jiang, and Xiafeng Shen. "Spinal Cord Stimulation and Treatment of Peripheral or Central Neuropathic Pain: Mechanisms and Clinical Application." Neural Plasticity 2021 (October 21, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5607898.
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Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) as an evidence-based interventional treatment has been used and approved for clinical use in a variety of pathological states including peripheral neuropathic pain; however, until now, it has not been used for the treatment of spinal cord injury- (SCI-) induced central neuropathic pain. This paper reviews the underlying mechanisms of SCS-induced analgesia and its clinical application in the management of peripheral and central neuropathic pain. Evidence from recent research publications indicates that nociceptive processing at peripheral and central sensory systems is thought to be modulated by SCS through (i) inhibition of the ascending nociceptive transmission by the release of analgesic neurotransmitters such as GABA and endocannabinoids at the spinal dorsal horn; (ii) facilitation of the descending inhibition by release of noradrenalin, dopamine, and serotonin acting on their receptors in the spinal cord; and (iii) activation of a variety of supraspinal brain areas related to pain perception and emotion. These insights into the mechanisms have resulted in the clinically approved use of SCS in peripheral neuropathic pain states like Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) and Failed Back Surgery Syndrome (FBSS). However, the mechanisms underlying SCS-induced pain relief in central neuropathic pain are only partly understood, and more research is needed before this therapy can be implemented in SCI patients with central neuropathic pain.
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Kern, Elisandra Lurdes, Jaime Araujo Cobuci, José Braccini Neto, and Darlene dos Santos Daltro. "Relationship between somatic cell score and longevity of Holstein cows in Brazil using a piecewise Weibull proportional-hazard model." Animal Production Science 59, no. 8 (2019): 1546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an18069.
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The objective of the present work was to evaluate the effect of somatic cell score on the longevity of Holstein cows raised all over Brazil, using a piecewise Weibull proportional-hazard model. The following two longevity traits were defined: true longevity, number of days from first calving to culling; and functional longevity, approximated by correcting true longevity to within-herd-year production. Records on productive life of 131330 cows were used. The model included the time-independent effect of age at first calving. The other effects were time-dependent, and included the following: region by year of calving, variation in herd-size class, milk-production class by year of calving within herd, within-herd milk-production class by number of lactations, within-herd fat content, within-herd protein content, and somatic cell score (SCS). The overall mean of the somatic cell counts (SCC) was 322000 cells/mL. The highest SCC mean was found between 130 to 290 days of lactation. The SCC mean decreased over the years. Cows from Region 5 (Rio Grande do Sul) showed higher SCC means. The risk of culling was slightly higher for functional longevity than for true longevity. The impact of longevity was high in cows from first to fourth lactation with a high SCS, with the risk of culling varying from 0.90 (true longevity: second lactation and Class 2) to 1.2 (functional longevity: fourth lactation and Class 5). Cows at the fifth lactation with a lower SCS had a higher risk of culling (1.4). Including the effect of SCS class by stage of lactation in the models was not beneficial. The decrease in SCS, especially from the first to fourth lactation, can be used for indirect selection to improve the longevity of Holstein cows in Brazil.
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Botton, Fernanda Scolari, Dileta Regina Moro Alessio, Marcos Busanello, Catia Letícia Corrêa Schneider, Fernanda Hammes Stroeher, and Ione Maria Pereira Haygert-Velho. "Relationship of total bacterial and somatic cell counts with milk production and composition – multivariate analysis." Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences 41, no. 1 (December 3, 2018): 42568. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v41i1.42568.
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This study was realized to evaluate the monthly production, composition and quality of milk (total and defatted dry extract, lactose, fat and protein) and their relation to somatic cell count (SCC) and total bacterial count (TBC) using multivariate statistical analyses. The data are from a dairy farm for the period of two years (from January 2015 to December 2016). The SCC and TBC variables were transformed to somatic cell score (SCS) and log10 (LogTBC). Factor analysis, discriminant analysis and cluster analysis were used. Through factor analysis, it was found two factors that together explained 69.5% of the total data variation. The first factor represented the inverse relationship between lactose versus fat and protein content, while the second factor represented the inverse relationship among monthly milk yield versus SCS and LogTBC. The discriminant analysis identified that lactose and protein contents and SCS were the variables that had the greatest participation in the separation of the groups formed by the cluster analysis. The groups differed mainly by the monthly production of milk, composition and SCS. Finally, there are important multivariate relations between the variables milk production, composition and quality.
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McPherson, T. "Spectating as SCS." Screen 33, no. 4 (December 1, 1992): 438–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/screen/33.4.438.
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North, Richard B. "SCS Trial Duration." Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface 6, no. 1 (January 2003): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1403.2003.03010.x.
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Ebrahimi, Seyed Mohammad, S. C. L. Koh, Andrea Genovese, and Niraj Kumar. "Structure-integration relationships in oil and gas supply chains." International Journal of Operations & Production Management 38, no. 2 (February 5, 2018): 424–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijopm-02-2016-0089.
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Purpose Although studies have demonstrated the importance of supply chain integration (SCI) strategies in improving firm performance, very little is understood about how the organizational structure (OS) of focal firms affects the successful implementation of SCI initiatives across supply chains (SCs). Taking into consideration the importance of the oil and gas (O&G) industry, as well as the impact of uncertainties on OS and strategy choices, it is important to understand how OS and SCI affect the operational performance of O&G SCs. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach Taking a contingency approach and using a global sample of 181 O&G firms, this study examines the mediating role of internal, customer, and supplier integration on the relationship between three main dimensions of OS – the degree of centralization, formalization, and hierarchical relationships and operational performance, using structural equation modeling. Findings Findings reveal that OS dimensions negatively impact operational performance. Further testing for the mediation found that by increasing SCI, O&G SCs can mitigate the negative effect of high centralization, formalization, and hierarchical relationship on operational performance. Research limitations/implications Classifying OS into “structuring” and “structural,” this research provides evidence on which of the two has a stronger negative impact on operational performance. This is significant since it may be difficult for O&G companies to restructure and reform their OS. Originality/value This study examines the impact of OS and SCI on improving the operational performance of the O&G SCs. Theoretical and practical contributions to the field of operations management and organizational studies are also discussed.
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Huang, Lin, Keliang Chen, Zhao Liu, and Qihao Guo. "A Conceptual Framework for Research on Cognitive Impairment with no Dementia in Memory Clinic." Current Alzheimer Research 17, no. 6 (October 7, 2020): 517–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205017666200807193253.
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Background: Identifying and classifying individuals with Cognitive Impairment-No Dementia (CIND) has further challenged diagnostic methods, since varying the cutoffs for objective impairment as well as the neuropsychological tests considered can significantly affect diagnosis. Therefore, we investigated the applicability of an actuarial neuropsychological approach for clinical subdivision of CIND and quantified the variability in diagnostic outcomes that results from diverse neuropsychologically derived definition of objective cognitive impairment. Methods: 1459 non-demented, clinic-based individuals were recruited from a monocentric memory clinic from 1/1/2016/ to 1/1/2018 and classified as Cognitively Normal (NC), Slight Cognitive Symptom (SCS), SSubtle Cognitive Decline (SCD) or Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) via different diagnostic strategies, which varied the composition of objective cognitive assessments involved in the diagnostic process. Results: We compared two methods of criteria proposed by Jak/Bondi and Petersen/Winblad to classify individuals with CIND. A substantial range of differences in the percentages recognized as NC, SCS, SCD, and MCI was presented, depending on the classification criteria adopted. Our data revealed that the application of a set of six neuropsychological scores dividing CIND into 4 subgroups (NC, SCS, SCD, and MCI) was able to classify all non-demented individuals without overlap or omission. Conclusion: Our study provided clinical support for an operational framework of the CIND classification system and underlined the value of applying comprehensive neuropsychological assessments for definition. The concept of SCS, considered appropriate for a preclinical stage, was proposed as the symptomatic definition for early intervention.
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Li, Rui Mei, Rui Jun Duan, Yi Meng Ji, Du Juan Xi, Jiao Liu, Jian Chun Guo, Peng Zhang, and Shao Ping Fu. "Somatic Embryogenesis and Organogenesis of Biofuel Plant Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Chinese Cultivars." Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (May 2012): 558–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.558.
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2, 4-D and picloram were compared for their ability to the induction of somatic embryogenesis in Chinese cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) cultivars SC5, SC6, SC7 and SC8. In all four cultivars tested, both 2, 4-D and picloram had the capacity to induce primary somatic embryos from axillary buds. And the two hormones were also suitable for subculture of somatic embryos of three cultivars SC5, SC6 and SC8. However both 2, 4-D and picloram can not keep the activity of somatic embryos of cultivar SC7. For organogenesis, cotyledon matured for 10~15 days were better than others.
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CHEGINI, Arash, Navid GHAVI HOSSEIN-ZADEH, Hossein HOSSEINI-MOGHADAM, and Abdol Ahad SHADPARVAR. "Effect of somatic cell count on milk fat and protein in different parities and stages of lactation in Holstein cows." Acta agriculturae Slovenica 110, no. 1 (December 21, 2017): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2017.110.1.5.
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<p>The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of somatic cell score (SCS) on milk fat and protein in different parities and stages of lactation in Iranian Holstein cows. Records between June 2003 and January 2014 from 208,478 cows in lactations one to nine in 845 herds, comprising 2,456,303 monthly test-day (TD) records were used. The MIXED procedure of the SAS software with repeated measurements was used. The fixed effects of the model were herd, year-season of calving, month of TD, weeks of lactation, previous dry period length and somatic cell score (SCS) and covariate was calving age. Lactations were divided into six stages and analyses were performed within each stage. Also, different lactations were analyzed separately. Increase of SCS led to increase of milk fat and protein percentage and the increase of milk fat and protein associated with SCS was higher in early stages of lactation relative to later stages of lactation. Also, increase of milk fat and protein associated with SCS was higher in the first lactation rather than later lactations and decreased with increase of parity.</p>
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Sano, Hiroki, Mitsuaki Toda, Takahiro Sugihara, Naoyuki Uchiyama, Jun-ichiro Hamada, and Hiroo Iwata. "Coils Coated With the Cyclic Peptide SEK-1005 Accelerate Intra-aneurysmal Organization." Neurosurgery 67, no. 4 (October 1, 2010): 984–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0b013e3181eb95da.
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Abstract BACKGROUND: Although the treatment of intracranial aneurysms with detachable coils is now widely accepted, the problem of coil compaction and recanalization remains to be solved. OBJECTIVE: To prevent recanalization by inducing intra-aneurysmal organization through prepared platinum coils coated with a novel cyclic peptide, SEK-1005, which can accelerate wound healing. METHODS: Using a rat aneurysm model, we examined the tissue response to these coils. An SEK-1005–coated coil (SC) or unmodified coil was inserted into the ligated external carotid artery (ECA) sac of rats. The sacs were removed on day 14 or 42 after coil insertion and subjected to conventional and immunohistochemical examination. We evaluated the tissue response in the ECA sacs and compared the percentage of organized areas in the ECA sacs of rats with SCs and unmodified coils. RESULTS: In SC rats, tissue organization was accelerated and the proliferation of α-smooth muscle actin- and vimentin-positive cells was promoted. On days 14 and 42, tissue organization was significantly greater in the ECA sacs of rats with SCs. CONCLUSION: SCs accelerated intra-aneurysmal organization in our rat aneurysm model suggesting that platinum coils coated with the novel cyclic peptide SEK-1005 may prevent recanalization and improve the clinical outcome in patients treated by coil embolization.
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Kornblau, Steven M., Peter Ruvolo, Rui-Yu Wang, Vivian Ruvolo, Yihua Qiu, Venkata Lokesh Battula, Zhihong Zeng, et al. "Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) Mesenchymal Stromal Cell (MSC) Have Distinct Protein Expression Patterns Compared to Normal MSC." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 3813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.3813.3813.
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Abstract Background: AML remains highly fatal, therefore understanding the mechanisms that cause chemoresistance is critical for developing more effective therapies. The leukemia bone marrow microenvironment (BME) and component MSC supports leukemia development and cell survival, implying a key role for MSC in resistance. We hypothesize that differences in the physiology of MSC in the leukemia BME (AML-MSC), relative to normal MSC (NL-MSC), exist and could be therapeutic targets. Methods: To compare the function of AML-MSC from NL-MSC a custom reverse phase protein array (RPPA) was made using cultured MSC from AML (N = 106) and healthy donor MSC (NL; N = 71) and probed with 151 antibodies against 114 total, 36 phospho sites (on 29 proteins) and 1 cleavage site. Both biased clustering and unbiased hierarchical clustering along with principal component analysis were used to analyze data. To examine the influence of age on protein expression, age matched AML and NL MSC were compared. Results: Comparison of protein expression in NL-MSC and AML-MSC identified 5 Sample Clusters (SC1..SC5) based on the differential expression of 83 of 151 proteins, which formed 5 Protein Clusters (PC1..PC5) (P < 0.000001, FDR = 0.0000017)(FIG 1). Distribution of NL-MSC was significantly skewed to SC1 (7 of 8) and SC3 (38 of 52) while AML-MSC dominated SC2 (37 of 45) and SC4 (45 of 59), (Χ2 = 45.3, df=4, P <0.0001). NL-MSC were characterized by low expression of proteins in PC1 and 2 and higher expression within PC 3,4 & 5 with SC1 having more extreme levels than SC3. Protein levels in AML dominant SC4 was opposite of SC1 and SC3 for all 5 PC and was designated as "AML". SC5 was a more extreme version of SC4, for PC2, 4 and 5 but resembled SC3 for PC1 and 3. In contrast, the AML dominant SC2 resembled NL-MSC dominant SC1 and SC3 for PC2, 4 and 5, resembling SC4 only in PC1 and 3. This cluster was designated as "NL-like AML". Proteins with universally higher expression in NL-MSC included: SMADs 1 and 4, STMN1, SIRT1, p-Foxo1/3 (S32), HSP90 and EIF2S1. AML MSC had higher levels of 18 proteins across all groups including CCND1, BCL-XL, STAT5, and PPP2R2A. Salvage cases were more often in SC2 (17 of 36) and SC4 (26 of 45) than in SC3 (3 of 15) (Χ2 = 6.44, df=2, P <0.04). The observed changes were similar within three age groups (<30, 30-49, 50-59) in 22 of 25 universally differentially expressed proteins, demonstrating age independence. MSC cluster membership correlated with cytogenetics: Unfavorable cytogenetics (41 % overall) comprised 30% of NL-Like SC2, 42% of "Normal" SC3 but 52% of "AML" SC4 cases (p= 0.04), and both favorable cytogenetics cases were in SC3. MSC subpopulation type was not associated with overall survival, remission duration, or AML mutation status (FLT3, NPM1, RAS). We confirmed higher differential expression of mRNA (by qRT-PCR) for some (BCL2L1, CCND1) but not all (p21) in 10 AML-MSC and 10 NL-MSC, suggesting that both transcriptional and translational mechanisms are involved. In a separate ASH submission Battula shows that AML-MSC cannot differentiate into adipocytes like NL-MSC. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) of this dataset finds that PC3 members, which are highly expressed in NL-MSC SC1, 3 & 5, but low in AML SC2 & 4, are associated with adipogenesis. Notably PI3K/AKT and JAK/STAT signaling is higher in AML dominant SC4. Hierarchical clustering revealed that 9 proteins showed differential expression between diagnosis and salvage status ( P=0.05) with p-β catenin, p-RPS6, and Galectin 3 higher in salvage samples, while SMAD6, TCF4, LYN, integrin β3, p-EIF4BP1, and p-ELK1 were higher at diagnosis. IPA reveals these proteins are highly associated with osteoblast differentiation, molecular mechanism of cancer and stem cell pluripotency, suggesting potential mechanisms for how alterations in MSC protein expression could affect chemosensitivity. Summary: This study demonstrates that AML-MSC have two dominant protein expression signatures that are distinct from those of NL-MSC, with SC4 being associated with unfavorable cytogenetics and the salvage setting. Up-regulated pathways in AML-MSC are known to impact MSC cell survival and differentiation. Down regulated pathways may explain skewing towards osteogenic and away from adipogenic differentiation by AML-MSC. Experiments targeting MSC and assessing effects on AML blast survival are underway to determine if targeting MSC can reverse chemoresistance. Figure 1. Figure 1. Disclosures Konopleva: Novartis: Research Funding; AbbVie: Research Funding; Stemline: Research Funding; Calithera: Research Funding; Threshold: Research Funding. Andreeff:Oncoceutics, Inc.: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.
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Amin, A. A. "Lactation and Sample Test-Day Multi-trait animal model for genetic evaluation of somatic cell scores in Hungarian Holstein-Friesian crossbreeds." Archives Animal Breeding 44, no. 3 (October 10, 2001): 263–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-44-263-2001.
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Abstract. Genetic and phenotypic correlations were estimated for means of log2 SCC (somatic cell scores: SCS) with milk production traits using complete lactation and sample test-day data sets. Data of SCS and milk production traits for six genetic groups of Holstein-Friesian (HF), Hungarian Native Breed (NHB) and four of their crossbreeds were used. Multi trait animal model was used for the estimation of all genetic and phenotypic (co)-variances All estimates of correlations either genetic (Rg) or phenotypic (Rp) between SCS and milk production traits were mostly negative except with protein percentage. Lactation (L) estimates of Rg between SCSL and total milk yield (MY), fat (FL), protein (PL) and lactose (LcL) percentages were -.11 ±10, -.12 ± .04, .09 ± .03, and -.18 ± .09, respectively and the corresponding sample test-day estimates (STD) were -. 13 ± .07, -. 13 ± .08, -.11 ± 04, -.11 ± 08 respectively. L and STD Rp estimates of SCS with MY and protein were higher than the corresponding R. L-Rg of SCS with MY and protein and L-Rp with fat and lactose were increased with parity. Rg either L or STD with fat decreased with the parity. The highest estimates of L-Rg of SCS with MY were negative for HF in the 2nd and the 3rd parity and were ranged from −0.13 to −0.17. Rg of SCSSTD with daily milk yield (DY) across parity in different genetic groups were higher than the corresponding with MY. All correlations of SCS with protein were positive. L-Rg ranged from .17 to .22 for HF vs. .01 to .04 for NHB. While L-Rp ranged from 06 to 15 for HF vs. .04 to .11 for NHB. It could be concluded that, trend of the relationship for SCS with milk production may had some change in crossbred than purebred aecording to percentage of crossing.
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Oravcová, Marta, Kristína Tvarožková, Vladimír Tančin, Michal Uhrinčať, and Lucia Mačuhová. "Milk yield and somatic cells in dairy ewes with respect to their mutual relations." Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences 14 (April 28, 2020): 224–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5219/1309.
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The objective of this study was to analyze milk yield and somatic cell count (SCC) expressed as somatic cell sore (SCS) in Lacaune dairy breed. Data from milk performance testing recorded between 2016 and 2018 (farm in West Slovakia) were used. A total, 377 individual milk yield and SCC records of 61 ewes (first, second and third lacation, respectively) were analysed. Mixed model for milk yield included fixed factors: SCC class (lowest, low, middle, high and highest), year of measurement, lactation number, month in milk and interaction between month in milk and SCC class, and random factors of ewe and error. Mixed model for SCS included milk yield class (lowest, low, middle, high, highest), year of measurement, lactation number, month in milk and interaction between month in milk and milk yield class. Random factors of ewe and error were considered as well. Milk yield was significantly affected ( p <0.05 or p <0.01) by all investigated factors. Except for interaction between month in milk and milk yield class, the remaining factors significantly affected (p <0.05 or p <0.01) also SCS. The analyses confirmed that SCC may be used as a useful indicator of udder health. It may help in identifying infected ewes, and thus, avoiding mammary infections to be spread throughout the whole flock.
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Atallah, Atallah A., Osama M. Morsy, Wael Abbas, and El-Sayed G. Khater. "Microstructural, Physicochemical, Microbiological, and Organoleptic Characteristics of Sugar- and Fat-Free Ice Cream from Buffalo Milk." Foods 11, no. 3 (February 8, 2022): 490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11030490.
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Ice cream is a popular dessert product across the world. Structure, body, taste, and odor properties are created by adding non-milk ingredients and milk ingredients. The main aim of the study is to decrease the caloric value of ice cream by using sugar and fat replacements. Ice cream treatments were investigated based on microstructural, chemical, physical, microbiological, sensory, and calorific values. Four different ice creams were used (control ice cream (SC1), ice cream with stevia (SC2), ice cream with sucralose (SC3), and ice cream with sorbitol (SC4)). The chemical properties in all treatments of ice cream were significantly recorded (p < 0.05). The highest sucrose and fat levels were detected in the SC1 treatment compared with the other treatments (p < 0.05). The lowest fat and sugar amounts were observed in the SC2, SC3, and SC4 treatments (p < 0.05). The highest viscosity, overrun, and hardness values (p < 0.05) were detected in the control ice cream. Total aerobic mesophilic bacterial counts were not significantly recorded between different ice cream treatments (p < 0.05). The sensory scores were not significantly affected by sweeteners and bulk agents in the different treatments. The highest calorific value was calculated in the SC1 samples (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the lowest calorific value was calculated in SC2, followed by the SC3 and SC4 treatments. In scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the gel exhibited a homogeneous structure with a fine network within the SC2, SC3, and SC4 treatments, as it contained a cohesive structure with small-sized pores.
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Ekström, Thomas, Per Hilletofth, and Per Skoglund. "Differentiation strategies for defence supply chain design." Journal of Defense Analytics and Logistics 4, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 183–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jdal-06-2020-0011.
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Purpose Defence supply chains (SCs) aim at operational outcomes, and armed forces depend on them to provide availability and preparedness in peace and sustainability in war. Previous research has focussed on strategies for SCs aiming at financial outcomes. This raises the question of how suitable commercial supply chain strategies (SCSs) are for supply chain design (SCD) in defence. The purpose of this paper is to explain the constructs of SCSs that satisfy military operational requirements and to propose SCSs that are appropriate in defence. Design/methodology/approach This paper reports on a Delphi study with 20 experts from Swedish defence authorities. Through three Delphi rounds, two workshops and a validation round, these experts contributed to the reported findings. Findings The findings demonstrate that commercial SC constructs are acceptable and applicable in defence but not sufficient. An additional strategy is required to satisfy requirements on availability, preparedness and sustainability. The paper shows that different requirements in peace and war make it challenging to design suitable defence SCs and proposes eight SCSs that satisfy these requirements. Research limitations/implications The results emanate from the Swedish defence context and further research is required for generalisation. Originality/value This paper extends theory by investigating SCs aiming at operational outcomes. For managers in companies and defence authorities, it explicates how the unique issues in defence must influence SCD to satisfy operational requirements.
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Habib, Sumaiya, and Jamiun Naher. "Adaptation of the self-compassion scale for Bangladeshi culture." Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences 29, no. 1 (January 10, 2020): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v29i1.46529.
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Self-compassion is a raising construct in the field of positive psychology. Evidence supported that self-compassion is an important factor in increasing psychological well-being and reducing symptoms of anxiety, depression and rumination. In the present study, authors determined the psychometric properties of the Bangla version of Self-Compassion Scale (SCS). The study was carried out in a sample of 160 adults, ranging from 18 to 28 years old. Although the original scale has 26 items, in item-total correlation analysis it was found that 24 items in the questionnaire were significantly correlated with total items, the rest two items consumed negative/low correlation (below 0.30). So, these two items were excluded from the Bangla version and 24 items were selected for the final version of the SCS. The internal consistency of the SCS was computed by Cronbach’s Alpha which was 0.83 and the split-half coefficient of the scale was 0.84. Thus the results support the Bangla SCS is suitable for use in Bangladeshi culture.
Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 29(1): 37-44, 2020 (January)
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Galieva, L. R., Y. O. Mukhamedshina, E. R. Akhmetzyanova, Z. E. Gilazieva, S. S. Arkhipova, E. E. Garanina, and A. A. Rizvanov. "Influence of Genetically Modified Human Umbilical Cord Blood Mononuclear Cells on the Expression of Schwann Cell Molecular Determinants in Spinal Cord Injury." Stem Cells International 2018 (2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4695275.
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Spinal cord injury (SCI) unavoidably results in death of not only neurons but also glial cells. In particular, the death of oligodendrocytes leads to impaired nerve impulse conduction in intact axons. However, after SCI, the Schwann cells (SCs) are capable of migrating towards an area of injury and participating in the formation of functional myelin. In addition to SCI, cell-based therapy can influence the migration of SCs and the expression of their molecular determinants. In a number of cases, it can be explained by the ability of implanted cells to secrete neurotrophic factors (NTFs). Genetically modified stem and progenitor cells overexpressing NTFs have recently attracted special attention of researchers and are most promising for the purposes of regenerative medicine. Therefore, we have studied the effect of genetically modified human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells on the expression of SC molecular determinants in SCI.
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Němcová, E., M. Štípková, L. Zavadilová, J. Bouška, and M. Vacek. "The relationship between somatic cell count, milk production and six linearly scored type traits in Holstein cows." Czech Journal of Animal Science 52, No. 12 (January 7, 2008): 437–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2337-cjas.
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Test-day records of somatic cell count (<i>SCC</i>), milk yield, fat and protein content and six linearly scored type traits (fore udder attachment, udder depth, central ligament, rear udder height, front teat placement, teat length) of 22 613 first lactation cows from 117 herds were included in this study. <i>SCC</i> was log-transformed into somatic cell score (<i>SCS</i>). Milk yield was standardized as follows: MILK = milk yield (fat content + protein content)/(3.8 + 3.2). For each analyzed type trait, cows were assigned to one of the three levels according to linear type score: level 1 (score 1 and 2); level 2 (score 5 and 6); level 3 (score 8 and 9). A linear model was used to estimate the effect of different type traits on MILK and <i>SCS</i>. The highest values of <i>SCS</i> were found for the first levels. The differences between the first and second level were on average 0.33, 0.54, 0.28, and 0.36 for fore udder attachment, udder depth, central ligament and rear udder height, respectively. The cows with deep udders, weak central ligaments and fore attachments and low rear udder height showed the highest <i>SCS</i> Low <i>SCS</i> appeared to be associated with an intermediate distance between the front teats and longer teats. The third level of udder depth (shallow udder) had low MILK. Rear udder height showed low MILK for the first level (low height) with the highest MILK values for the third level (high height). The average difference was 3.3 kg.
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Zhang, Hanbin, Feilong Chen, Heling Dong, Minyu Xie, Huan Zhang, Yan Chen, Hong liu, Xiaochun Bai, Xuemei Li, and Zhenguo Chen. "Loss of Fbxw7 in Sertoli cells impairs testis development and causes infertility in mice†." Biology of Reproduction 102, no. 4 (December 28, 2019): 963–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolre/ioz230.
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Abstract F-box and WD-40 domain protein 7 (Fbxw7) is a component of the Skp1-Cdc53/Cullin-F-box-protein complex (SCF/β-TrCP), which is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that mediates protein degradation. This complex has recently been shown to negatively regulate spermatogonial stem cell self-renewal; however, its roles in Sertoli cell (SC) proliferation, differentiation, and function remain to be established. In this study, we generated conditional mutant mice with SC-specific deletion of Fbxw7 via the Cre-loxP system. Fbxw7 deficiency in SCs impaired testis development, which is characterized by age-dependent tubular atrophy, excessive germ cell loss, and spermatogenic arrest, and the mutant males were infertile at 7 months old. Fbxw7 ablation also compromised cytoskeletal organization and cell polarity of SCs, as well as integrity of the blood-testis barrier. In addition, the transcript levels of cell markers for germ cells, Leydig cells, and SCs were significantly decreased in Fbxw7 mutant mice. Importantly, protein levels of GATA-4, a transcription factor that plays a crucial role in SC maturation and testis development, were progressively decreased in control SCs after postnatal day 14, whereas levels were aberrantly elevated in Fbxw7-deleted SCs. Interestingly, the Gata-4 messenger RNA levels remained stable following Fbxw7 deletion. Fbxw7 silencing in SCs also induced progressive Leydig cell inefficiency and testosterone insufficiency. Collectively, these results demonstrate that Fbxw7 expression is required for SC maturation and function, potentially through degradation of GATA-4, to support pubertal testis development and spermatogenesis.
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Salehi-Pourmehr, Hanieh, Sakineh Hajebrahimi, Reza Rahbarghazi, Fariba Pashazadeh, Javad Mahmoudi, Narjes Maasoumi, and Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad. "Stem Cell Therapy for Neurogenic Bladder Dysfunction in Rodent Models: A Systematic Review." International Neurourology Journal 24, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 241–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5213/inj.2040058.029.
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Purpose: Neurogenic bladder dysfunction (NGB) has an impact on the quality of life, which made it an important research subject in preclinical studies. The present review investigates the effect of stem cell (SC) therapy on bladder functional recovery after the onset of spinal cord injury (SCI), multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson disease (PD), and stroke in rodent models.Methods: All experiments evaluated the regenerative potential of SC on the management of NGB in rodent models up to June 2019, were included. From 1,189 relevant publications, 20 studies met our inclusion criteria of which 15 were conducted on SCI, 2 on PD, 2 on stroke, and 1 on MS in the rodent models. We conducted a meta-analysis on SCI experiments and for other neurological diseases, detailed urodynamic findings were reported.Results: The common SC sources used for therapeutical purposes were neural progenitor cells, bone marrow mesenchymal SCs, human amniotic fluid SCs, and human umbilical cord blood SCs. There was a significant improvement of micturition pressure in both contusion and transaction SCI models 4 and 8 weeks post-SC transplantation. Residual urine volume, micturition volume, and bladder capacity were improved 28 days after SC transplantation only in the transaction model of SCI. Nonvoiding contraction recovered only in 56 days post-cell transplantation in the contusion model.Conclusions: Partial bladder recovery has been evident after SC therapy in SCI models. Due to limitations in the number of studies in other neurological diseases, additional studies are necessary to confirm the detailed mechanism for bladder recovery.
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Mbaye, Abdoulaye, Sidy Demba Toure, Khady Diop, and Mamadou Sanghare. "On SCS-duo-rings." International Journal of Algebra 8 (2014): 429–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12988/ija.2014.4438.
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Dost, Martin H. "SCS affiliates with AACC." SIMULATION 44, no. 5 (May 1985): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003754978504400507.
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