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SANTOS, ADRIANO MEDEIROS DOS. "COMPOSITE COMPONENT SUPPORT FOR THE SCS MIDDLEWARE." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2012. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=20774@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
Diversos modelos de componentes de software apresentam o conceito de componentes compostos, como é o caso do Fractal, OpenCOM, Koala, Kobra e SaveCCM. Um componente composto encapsula outros componentes e é responsável por oferecer mecanismos de configuração e introspecção estrutural, bem como externalizar serviços e dependências internas. A ideia de componentes compostos é reconhecida como uma boa técnica para abstrair estruturas complexas e maximizar o reuso. Entretanto, não existe um estudo mais aprofundado sobre tal mecanismo que aborde questões sobre a configuração inicial dos subcomponentes, o mapeamento de serviços e depend ências de subcomponentes através de interfaces do componente composto, formas de navegação compartilhamento de subcomponentes, ciclo de vida e formas de introspecção estrutural. Neste trabalho foi realizado um levantamento sobre como os modelos Fractal e OpenCOM tratam o conceito de componentes compostos e é proposto um modelo que oferece este suporte. Como estudo experimental foi implementada uma nova versão do SCS com suporte a componentes compostos, o SCS-Composite. Também foi feita uma avaliação da expressividade do SCS-Composite através da adaptação de uma aplicação pré-existente baseada no SCS.
Several software component models support composite components, such as Fractal, OpenCOM, Koala, Kobra and SaveCCM. A composite component encapsulates components and provides introspection and configuration mechanisms. Composite components are recognized as a good practice because abstract complex structures and increase reuse. However, there is not a comprehensive study about composite component mechanisms addressing issues like initial composite configuration, mapping of subcomponents services and dependencies through composite component’s interfaces, introspection, component sharing, and composites life cycle. In this work we perform a study about how the Fractal and OpenCOM apply the composite component concept and we propose a new model for composite components. As an experimental study we implemented a new version of the SCS component system with support for composite components, the SCS-Composite. We also present an evaluation of SCS-Composite through the adaptation of a SCS based application.
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Santos, Felipe Gustavo da Silva 1989. "Design e caracterização de junções ScS em nióbio." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/278511.
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Orientadores: Amir Ordacgi Caldeira, Newton Cesário FrateschiDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin
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Resumo: Dispositivos baseados em junções Josephson tem desempenhado um papel importante tanto em ciências básicas quanto aplicadas. Neste trabalho, descrevemos a fabricação e caracterização DC de junções Josephson do tipo ScS (superconductor-constrição-supercondutor). Os dispositivos exibem uma característica VI que concorda com o bem conhecido modelo RSJ (resistência nula abaixo de uma corrente crítica mas constante e não nula acima dessa corrente) para temperaturas ~ 2 K. Para temperaturas um pouco maiores, observamos vários estados resistivos na curva VI, os quais são tipicamente atribuídos ao fluxo de vórtices de Abrikosov no interior da constrição. As medidas, porém, também sugerem que este pode não ser o caso nesses dispositivos devido à pequena magnitude do campo magnético autoinduzido na constrição, se comparado aos campos típicos que a levariam ao estado misto
Abstract: Josephson junction devices have played a role in fundamental and applied sciences. In this work, we report the fabrication and DC characterization of niobium Josephson junctions of the ScS (superconductor-constriction-superconductor) type. The devices exhibit a VI characteristic in accordance with the well known RSJ model (vanishing resistance below a critical current and constant nonzero resistance above it) for temperatures ~ 2 K. For slightly higher temperatures, we observe several resistive states in the VI curve which are usually attributed to the flow of Abrikosov vortices within the constriction. Our measurements, however, suggest that this might not be the case in these devices due to the smallness of the self-induced magnetic field in the constriction in comparison with the typical fields which drive it into the mixed state
Mestrado
Física
Mestre em Física
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Brevnova, Elena V. "Green-Ampt infiltration model parameter determination using SCS curve number (CN) and soil texture class, and application to the SCS runoff model." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2039.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 149 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 60-63).
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Carreira, José Filipe Correia. "Caracterização de nano-pós de YAG:Dy sintetizados por SCS." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/15092.
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Mestrado em Engenharia FísicaNesta dissertação sintetizaram-se fósforos de granada de ítrio e alumínio dopados com disprósio (YAG:Dy) e estudou-se o efeito da concentração de disprósio e da temperatura de recozimento nas suas propriedades estruturais e óticas, visando a sua aplicabilidade em iluminação de estado sólido. Os fósforos foram sintetizados por uma técnica de autocombustão em solução (SCS), na qual foram empregues dois combustíveis. Verificou-se, por difração de raios-x (DRX) e espectroscopia Raman, que se obteve, sem tratamento térmico, YAG sem a presença de outras fases. Obtiveram-se fósforos com cristalites nanométricas, variando entre 28 e 82 (amostras recozidas) nm. Por microscopia eletrónica de transmissão verificou-se que os fósforos eram constituídos por partículas também nanométricas, com uma ampla distribuição de tamanhos, entre os 20 e os 500 (amostras recozidas) nm. Estes resultados mostram que o recozimento promove um crescimento da partícula. Os resultados de fotoluminescência (PL) mostraram uma intensidade máxima de luminescência para a amostra de 2 %mol de Dy recozida a 1400°C. Os canais de excitação foram estudados por PL de excitação, demonstrando duas excitações preferenciais do Dy3+ na matriz de YAG, aos 352 e aos 366 nm. Em PL com variação da temperatura observou-se um mecanismo de relaxação cruzada ativado com a temperatura. Obteve-se um rendimento quântico máximo de 6% para a transição mais intensa da amostra dopada com 1 %mol de disprósio e recozida a 1400 °C. Estudou-se a transferência de energia com o aumento da concentração, por modelos baseados no decaimento da emissão com o tempo, e com o aumento da temperatura de recozimento pelos modelos de Van Uitert e Huang. Correlacionou-se o aumento da intensidade de emissão observado com o aumento do tamanho da cristalite. As coordenadas de cor CIE 1931 situam-se na zona do branco, para todas as concentrações de dopante e temperaturas de recozimento. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a técnica de SCS permite a síntese de fósforos de YAG:Dy de elevada qualidade cristalina. As suas propriedades luminescentes viabilizam a aplicação em iluminação se o seu rendimento quântico for aumentado.
In this work, yttrium aluminium garnet doped with dysprosium (YAG:Dy) phosphors were synthesized, and the effect of dopant concentration and calcination temperature in its structural and optical properties was studied. This essay, also assesses the phosphor potentiality in solid state lighting applications. The phosphors were produced by a solution combustion synthesis (SCS) using two different fuels. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy show that it is possible to obtain single phase YAG without annealing. The crystallite size, calculated by the XRD, varies between 28 and 82 (calcinated samples) nm. The particle size, viewed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), has a large size distribution, between 20 and 500 (calcinated samples) nm. This results, show that the annealing promotes particle growth. The photoluminescence (PL) measurements showed a maximum intensity for the 2 mol% Dy sample calcinated at 1400 ºC. The 4F9/2 level excitation channels were studied by photoluminescence showing that it is preferable excited with 352 and 366 wavelength radiation. The highest obtained quantum yield was of 6% for the most intense transition of the 1 %mol doped sample calcinated a 1400 ºC. The influence of Dy concentration and annealing temperature on interionic energy transfer was studied, using lifetime models (for the concentration) and Van Uitert and Huang models (for the annealing temperature). The CIE 1931 colour coordinates were found to be in the near white region, independently of the dopant concentration and calcination temperature. The obtained results show the SCS technique allows the synthesis of YAG:Dy phosphor with high crystalline quality. Their luminescence properties show its potential in lighting applications, if their quantum yield could be increased.
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Hagstrom, Richard Evan. "Strategic Concessions: Negotiating Human Land Use to Serve the Habitat Needs of the Eastern Meadowlark." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81912.
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Our civilization is facing increased populations and scarcity of habitat for a variety of species. Encroaching on these landscapes while engaging in habitat fragmentation and destruction, has
negatively impacted biodiversity and subsequently put thousands of species at risk of going extinct.
With humans causing peril for various species via habitat losses and degradation due to our developing of landscapes, as Landscape Architects, we have a responsibility to minimize, negate, or rectify these losses and while still providing serviceable landscapes for our fellow humans. One possible avenue to pursue when motives for the well being of the collective are being considered is designing landscapes that serve both human and species in unison, with services being provided for humans and satisfying the needs of wildlife.
This project is based on a desire to accommodate the needs of a growing community by providing a stormwater retainment system serving as a pedestrian artery to a historic river, while also accommodating the needs of wildlife by establishing a constructed meadow that satisfies habitat requirements for the Eastern Meadowlark. Through analysis of storm water volumes, building code setbacks regarding waterways, habitat requirements of the Eastern Meadowlark and land volume manipulation, a solution to many obstacles facing community and species has been posited in this project: the Dianna Dayle River Walk.Master of Landscape Architecture
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Wensley, Ryan James. "THE EFFECT OF A TRIPHASIC PULSE ON SCS TO ICD CROSSTALK." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2013. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/993.
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It is a known problem that a Spinal Cord Stimulator (SCS) can interact with an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) when both devices are implanted in the same patient. Interactions between the SCS and ICD can cause inappropriate therapy which can be harmful to the patient. While ICD devices have a distinct narrowband sensing bandwidth, the pulse configurations that current SCS devices deliver were not designed with this frequency region in mind. In this thesis, I recommend a new pulse configuration for SCS devices that will minimize the interaction between the two devices. I produce a theoretical equation for each pulse configuration in the frequency domain using the Laplace transform and present the results in Matlab. I also design my own SCS device to deliver multiple pulse configurations and use it to gather empirical data. The theoretical and empirical results are used to show the extent of the improvement between the new pulse and existing pulse configurations. The results prove that the new pulse configuration will significantly reduce crosstalk within the desired ICD bandwidth. A reduction in crosstalk will decrease the probability that an SCS will interact with a ICD device.
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Masek, Caroline Humphrey. "Adapting the SCS method for estimating runoff in shallow water table environments." Scholar Commons, 2002. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000040.
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McFadden, Cara W. "Development and Validation of the Sense of Competence Scale-Revised (SCS-R)." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27930.
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The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument to measure the sense of competence of traditional age college students across the dimensions that define the construct. The Sense of Competence Scale-Revised (SCS-R) was developed to provide a measure of Chickering’s (1969) first vector, an important psychosocial construct. Administrators can use data from the instrument to modify an institution’s academic and social environment to enhance the development of the intellectual, physical, and interpersonal competencies of college students.
During the development and validation, various aspects of the SCS-R were examined in accordance with the validity framework outlined by Messick (1995). According to Messick (1995), the validity of measures can be examined in terms of six forms of evidence; content, substantive, structural, generalizability, external and consequential. The six forms of evidence function as general standards for all educational measurement (Messick, 1995). During the study the content aspect of validity was addressed through the creation of concept maps and test blueprints. In addition, the content aspect of validity was addressed by creating and selecting items by reviewing the literature and hosting brainstorming sessions, items were then reviewed by student development theory experts, pilot tested, field tested and then items with high technical quality were selected for the final instrument. The substantive aspect of validity was addressed through an analysis of item rating scale functioning, person fit to the measurement scales, and item difficulty. The structural aspect of validity was addressed by evidence of the instrument’s dimensionality. The generalizability aspect of validity was addressed through an analysis of item/person reliability.
The evidence generated from the study suggested that the chosen items for the SCS-R provide reliable and valid estimates of a student’ s personal assessment of their intellectual, physical and interpersonal abilities.Ph. D.
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Stidd, David A., Sergio Rivero, and Martin Weinand. "Spinal cord stimulation with implanted epidural paddle lead relieves chronic axial low back pain." Dove Press, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621348.
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UA Open Access Publishing FundIntroduction: Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) provides significant relief for lumbosacral radiculopathy refractory to both medical and surgical treatment, but historically only offers limited relief for axial low back pain (LBP). We aim to evaluate the response of chronic axial LBP treated with SCS using a surgically implanted epidural paddle lead. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective review of a consecutive series of patients with exclusive LBP or predominant LBP associated with lower extremity (LE) pain evaluated and treated with SCS using an implanted paddle lead within the dorsal thoracic epidural space. Baseline LBP, and if present LE pain, were recorded using the visual analogue scale (VAS) at an initial evaluation. At a follow-up visit (a minimum of 12 months later), LBP and LE pain after a spinal cord stimulator implantation were again recorded using the VAS. Patients were also asked to estimate total LBP pain relief achieved. Results: Patients with either exclusive (n=7) or predominant (n=2) axial LBP were treated with SCS by implantation of a paddle lead at an average spine level of T9. The baseline VAS score for LBP was 7.2; after a follow-up of 20 months, the score decreased to 2.3 (P=0.003). The LE pain VAS score decreased from 7.5 to 0.0 (P=0.103). Patients also reported a subjective 66.4% decrease of their LBP at follow-up. There were no surgical complications. Conclusions: Axial LBP is refractory to many treatments, including SCS. SCS using a surgically implanted paddle electrode provides significant pain relief for chronic axial LPB, and is a safe treatment modality
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HOFFA, SAMANTHA. "STORM WATER BUILD-OUT ANALYSIS: AMBERLEY VILLAGE." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1085698416.
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Pompermayer, Rafael do Carmo. "Modelagem hidrológica: técnicas de geoprocessamento aplicadas ao modelo SCS Soilcon Servation Service Curve Number." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/IGCM-9QEM87.
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For hydrology, the watershed its the primary unit of study, which dynamics its influenced by various elements. The effort of science to place these elements in interaction originated hydrological models. These models aim to simulate parts of the hydrologic cycle, for, between other objectives, dimension drainage structures. This study highlights the model developed by the Soil Conservation Service, known as Curve Number, which considers the physical parameters of the watershed to estimate the maximum runoff for a given rainfall event. In this regard, GIS techniques were applied in obtaining these parameters in order to
compare the final results with those obtained by hydrological studies conducted without the application of such techniques. The physical characteristics that compose the model were obtained from a digital elevation model hydrologically consistent generated from cartographic data available. Subsequently, by specific computational algorithms, was generated a map of the direction of water flow and, from this, the definition of the contributing area of watershed. The lenght of river was interpreted based on the topographical data at a 1:50,000 scale, and, thereafter, effectively slope calculations was performed. Remote sensing techniques were performed to obtain the classification of Landsat 7 satellite images, with reference to the soil uses predefined by SCSCN.
This classification was crossed with the soil map of the region, obtaining
the value of the parameter Curve Number. Precipitation was calculated
according to the rainfall equation for the representative pluviometric post of the region. Thereafter, the modeling was performed to compare the use of GIS techniques with conventional methods applied. The results showed that the techniques applied returned values closer to the true about the parameters, area and length of river. The effective slope calculated in a distributed manner showed a lower value than that used in the conventional method, which greatly influenced in the calculation of time of concentration and peak. The parameter CN has been shown numerically close, however, this parameter is very sensitive to the model, contributing to the discrepancy in the comparison of the
final results. Finally, it is concluded that the increase in accuracy of the
parameters did not result in increased accuracy of the model, however, in front of the adjustments aplied to the conventional method, it does not represent the inapplicability of these techniques. Was diagnosed that the model needs to be adapted.A hidrologia tem a bacia hidrográfica como sua principal unidade de estudo, que por sua vez tem a dinâmica influenciada por diversos elementos. O esforço da ciência em colocar estes elementos em interação originou os modelos hidrológicos. Estes modelos visam simular partes do ciclo hidrológico, para, dentre outros objetivos, dimensionar estruturas de drenagem. O presente estudo destaca o modelo desenvolvido pelo Soil Conservation Service, conhecido como Curve Number, que considera parâmetros físicos da bacia hidrográfica para estimar a vazão máxima durante determinado evento pluviométrico. Neste sentido, foram aplicadas técnicas de geoprocessamento na obtenção destes parâmetros, visando comparar os resultados finais com os obtidos por meio de estudo hidrológico realizado sem a aplicação de tais técnicas. As características físicas que alimentaram o modelo foram obtidas através de modelo digital de elevação hidrologicamente consistente gerado a partir dos dados cartográficos disponíveis. Posteriormente, por meio de algoritmos computacionais específicos, foi gerado o mapa de direção do fluxo d´água no relevo e, a partir deste, a definição da área contribuinte da bacia hidrográfica. A extensão do talvegue foi interpretada com base nos dados das cartas topográficas na escala de 1:50.000 da região, sendo, a partir daí, realizados os cálculos de declividade efetiva. Técnicas de sensoriamento remoto foram realizadas para obter a classificação de imagens do satélite Landsat 7, tendo como referência as tipologias pré-definidas pelo SCS-CN. Esta classificação foi cruzada com o mapa de solos da região, obtendo o valor do parâmetro Curve Number. A precipitação foi calculada de acordo com a equação de chuvas intensas para o posto pluviográfico representativo da região. A partir daí, a modelagem foi realizada, visando comparar a utilização das técnicas de geoprocessamento com os métodos convencionais aplicados. Os resultados demonstraram que as técnicas aplicadas retornaram valores mais próximos da realidade no que diz respeito aos parâmetros, área da bacia e comprimento do talvegue. A declividade efetiva calculada de forma distribuída demonstrou um valor menor do que o utilizado no método convencional, o que influenciou bastante no cálculo dos tempos de concentração e pico. O valor do parâmetro CN demonstrou-se numericamente próximo, porém, este parâmetro é muito sensível no modelo, contribuindo para a discrepância na comparação dos resultados finais. Por fim, conclui-se que o aumento na precisão dos parâmetros não ocasionou aumento de precisão do modelo, porém, diante dos ajustes realizados na aplicação do método convencional, isto não representou a inaplicabilidade destas técnicas, sendo diagnosticado que o modelo necessita de adaptações.
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do, Socorro Cavalcanti de Melo Maria. "Uma Contribuição Metodológica, através da FTA para a Melhoria do Desempenho do SCS da CHESF." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2008. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/5308.
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Previous issue date: 2008Companhia Hidro Elétrica do São Francisco
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo estabelecer diretrizes que possibilitem obter uma melhor disponibilidade do Sistema de Controle e Supervisão - SCS da Companhia Hidro Elétrica do São Francisco - CHESF. Para tanto, utilizou insumos provenientes de dados históricos do SCS, armazenados em Sistemas de Informação da CHESF, e insumos provenientes de relatórios técnicos gerados por dois grupos de trabalho, um criado internamente à CHESF e outro composto por representantes das empresas do grupo ELETROBRÁS. Esses grupos foram formados visando o levantamento de problemas que afetam os Sistemas de Controle e Supervisão das empresas do setor elétrico, o estabelecimento de critérios de manutenção e a definição de indicadores referenciais de disponibilidade desses sistemas. Com base nos insumos colhidos foi utilizado o método Análise da Árvore de Falhas - FTA para determinar as causas de indisponibilidades no SCS. Os resultados dessa análise além de permitir identificar as principais causas de indisponibilidade do SCS, conduziram à elaboração de diretrizes com vistas à priorização das ações gerenciais a serem adotadas na solução dos problemas levantados. Considerando a importância, cada vez maior, dos Sistemas de Controle e Supervisão, para uma operação rápida e segura da rede elétrica, torna-se evidente a necessidade de um desempenho satisfatório dos mesmos, o que caracteriza ainda mais a importância desse trabalho, que trará reflexos na segurança da operação do sistema elétrico
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Cranford, Jamie Layne. "Impact of sire PTASCS on mastitis resistance and measures of daughter performance." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31718.
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Research to determine the impact of PTASCS on incidence of mastitis, daughter response to infection, and other measures of daughter performance was conducted using data on 1st, 2nd, and 3rd lactation Holsteins obtained from the Virginia Tech herd and from VA DHI herds. Overall correlation of PTASCS to lactation average SCS ranged from 0.13 to 0.17 across all data sets. Correlations between PTASCS and 1st lactation SCS measures were higher than those between PTASCS and SCS in later parities, but higher correlations were found between 2nd and 3rd lactation SCS measures than between 1st and later parities. Correlation of lactation average SCS and incidence of clinical mastitis was 0.41. Regression of lactation average SCS and averages of test day SCS measures on PTASCS was significant in 1st, 2nd, and 3rd lactations. All significant relationships were linear and equal or close to 1.0. Relationships between PTASCS and number of cases of clinical mastitis (.79), number of treatments (2.0), number of days treated (7.0), changes in SCS from beginning to end of a lactation (-.26), and the slope of changes in test day SCS with DIM (5.9x10-4) were significant only in 1st lactation. No significant relationships between PTASCS and measures of clinical mastitis or variation in test day SCS measures were found in 2nd or 3rd lactations. Heavy cull rates imposed on 1st lactation cows in the Virginia Tech herd explained lack of significance in the later parities in the herd study, but results in following analyses indicated that measures of SCS in 1st and later parities may be two different, but correlated, traits. The greatest impact of PTASCS on measures of daughter performance and profit was the negative relationship between PTASCS and herd life. Increased PTASCS resulted in the decreased ability to survive involuntary culling, and thus decreased opportunity for lifetime yield and profit. Selection on PTASCS should be an effective method of reducing incidence of clinical mastitis, lactation average SCS, and variation in SCS, or response to infection. The response, however, may be different in 1st lactation than in later parities.Master of Science
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Miguel, Bárbara Hass. "Uso de dados de radar meteorológico em modelo hidrológico SCS-CN para estimativa de escoamento superficial." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2018. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m21b/2018/03.07.17.46.
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As enchentes e inundações são comuns em muitas cidades brasileiras, decorrentes do inadequado processo de urbanização e das atividades humanas. A impermeabilização do solo diminui ou impossibilita a infiltração da água da chuva, causando um grande aumento do escoamento superficial. Em vista deste cenário, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo implementar o modelo hidrológico Soil Conservation Service SCS-CN, a fim de estimar o escoamento superficial na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Jacaré Guaçu, através da utilização de estimativas de chuva de radar meteorológico. Essa bacia hidrográfica apresenta uma área de 1820 km² e está localizada na região central do estado de São Paulo, abrangendo importantes municípios do estado como Araraquara e São Carlos. Para esse modelo, foram utilizados dados do radar meteorológico do Centro de Meteorologia de Bauru IPMet/Unesp referentes ao ano de 2013. Na validação das estimativas de chuva do radar, foram utilizados dados de 18 estações pluviométricas. A quantificação da precipitação pluviométrica representativa de toda a bacia foi estimada através dos polígonos de Thiessen. Para a validação dos dados de radar, foram testadas 3 relações 𝑍-𝑅 : Calheiros, Jones e Marshall Palmer. Os melhores resultados da validação foram obtidos pela relação Marshall-Palmer que apresentou o maior 𝑟2, mas sempre subestimando o valor precipitado. Já para o ajuste entre a chuva observada pelas estações e a chuva estimada pelo radar, utilizou-se um método alternativo de interpolação das estações para saber qual foi a chuva mais representativa para a bacia em 2013. Após o ajuste, observou-se uma maior semelhança entre a média diária dos dois instrumentos. Em seguida, para a implementação do modelo SCS-CN, criou-se uma rotina com base nos sentidos de fluxo obtidos com a grade de Local Drainage Direction (LDD), que utiliza o algoritmo D8 para a definição de uma célula vizinha à qual é drenada a água de cada elemento do espaço celular. A escolha dos eventos analisados foi realizada através da aplicação de um filtro digital de separação de escoamentos nos dados de vazão coletados por uma estação fluviométrica localizada no exutório da bacia. A implementação de um modelo hidrológico distribuído utilizando estimativas de chuva de radar meteorológico apresentou resultados satisfatórios, mostrando-se uma importante ferramenta para o monitoramento e previsão hidrometeorológica.Floods and inundations are common in many Brazilian cities, due to inadequate urbanization and human activities. The waterproofing of the soil decreases or prevents the infiltration of rainwater, causing a great increase in surface runoff. To estimate the surface runoff in the Jacaré Guaçu watershed, the present work aims to implement the Soil Conservation Service hydrological model, using meteorological radar rain estimates. This watershed covers an area of 1820 km² and is in the central region of the state São Paulo, encompassing important municipalities of the state such as Araraquara and São Carlos. For this model, data from the weather radar of Bauru - IPMet / Unesp Meteorological Center for the year 2013 were used. Data from 18 rain stations were used to validate the radar rain estimates. The quantification of rainfall representative from the whole basin was estimated through the Thiessen polygons. For the validation of the radar data, 3 𝑍-𝑅 ratios were tested: Calheiros, Jones and Marshall Palmer. The best validation results were obtained by the Marshall-Palmer relation, that presented the highest 𝑟2, but always underestimating the precipitate value. For the adjustment between the rainfall observed by the stations and the rainfall estimated by the radar, an interpolation alternative method of the stations was used to know which rain was the most representative for the basin in 2013. After the adjustment, a greater similarity between the daily average of the two instruments. Then, for the implementation of the SCS-CN model, a routine was created based on the flow directions obtained with the Local Drainage Direction (LDD) grid, which uses the D8 algorithm to define a neighboring cell to which it is drained of water from each element of the cell space. The choice of the analyzed events was carried out through the application of a digital filter of flow separation in the flow data collected by a fluviometric station located in the exudation of the basin. The implementation of a distributed hydrologic modelling using weather radar data presented satisfactory results, proving to be an important tool for hydrometeorological monitoring and forecasting.
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Calcaterra, Jeffrey Ronald. "Life prediction evaluation and damage mechanism identification for SCS-6/Timetal 21S composites subjected to thermomechanical fatigue." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/12548.
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Schmidt, Anna Katharina Charlotte [Verfasser]. "Rückenmarksstimulation (SCS) bei chronischen neuropathischen Schmerzen : Vergleich von BurstDR™- und Hochfrequenzstimulation (HF10™) / Anna Katharina Charlotte Schmidt." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1217249079/34.
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Skogley, C. David. "An investigation of the SCS runoff equation as a means of measuring and reducing runoff in residential development." Virtual Press, 1987. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/543777.
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This study was undertaken to investigate and discuss the use of the soil conservation service runoff equation as a design guide for residential development design. The objectives of the study were (i) to determine the extent to which a hypothetical residential development scheme affected the site's runoff volume and peak discharge rate, (ii) to use the existing SCS runoff equation to predict hypothetical pre- and post-development runoff volumes and rates, (iii) to apply the above findings to a design revision of the residential site plan in order to produce less runoff modification as a result of the development. The Crapo Estate in Muncie, Indiana was chosen as the site for the study. Site analysis data and an initial design (Scheme A) from a fourth year undergraduate design studio were used with the runoff equation to predict pre- and post-development runoff volumes and rates. Curve number (CH) maps were then constructed by overlaying site land uses and soil types. These maps indicated where the site's most permeable soils were located according to land use, and were used in conjunction with the equation as a guide to the design of a second residential development. This second design (Scheme B) fulfilled all design requirements while producing a slightly smaller runoff modification than Scheme A.This study showed that residential development caused a substantial and measurable increase in both runoff volume and rate. The SCS runoff equation was useful for both accurate runoff measurement and as a means of guiding design decisions in order to reduce runoff in residential development.Department of Landscape Architecture
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Kato, Mamoru. "Upper-mantle velocity structure beneath the western Philippine Sea plate from body waves, surface waves, and SCS reverberations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11183.
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Paulino, Paloma Fernandes. "Estudo sobre a sensibilidade dos parâmetros do método SCS na determinação de hidrogramas de cheia em bacias urbanas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-26012015-154125/.
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Para simular o comportamento da bacia hidrográfica diante de eventos chuvosos e, a partir da quantificação das vazões de cheias, encontrar soluções para os problemas causados pelas enchentes, é essencial a utilização de modelos de transformação chuva-vazão. Há diferentes métodos para o cálculo do deflúvio superficial ou precipitação excedente para uma dada bacia hidrográfica. Entre estes, um dos mais utilizados pela comunidade técnica é o método desenvolvido pelo Departamento de Conservação do Solo norte-americano: SCS (Soil Conservation Service, atual National Resources Conservation Service), aplicável principalmente quando não se dispõe de séries históricas de dados hidrológicos. A utilização deste método depende da seleção do parâmetro CN (Curve Number), que por sua vez requer o conhecimento das características da bacia hidrográfica em estudo, como: tipos de solo, cobertura vegetal, uso da terra, teor de umidade do solo anterior à chuva. A partir da precipitação excedente total do evento chuvoso, para se construir um hidrograma de cheia, é necessário distribuir a chuva ao longo do tempo, ou seja, construir o hietograma da precipitação excedente. O SCS também propõe um método baseado no hidrograma unitário triangular sintético para gerar o hidrograma de cheia a partir de um certo hietograma. O parâmetro básico para se obter esse hidrograma sintético é o tempo de concentração da bacia hidrográfica (tc). Para a determinação deste parâmetro existem diversas fórmulas empíricas baseadas nas características físicas da bacia hidrográfica, uma vez que a sua determinação numa bacia sem dados hidrométricos torna-se impossível. Deste modo, para uma estimativa coerente do tc, é necessário avaliar para cada caso a ser estudado a fórmula mais adequada e os dados disponíveis. Neste sentido, o presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a sensibilidade do método SCS em relação à classificação do uso e ocupação do solo e ao tempo de concentração, a partir de aplicação deste para a bacia do córrego do Mineirinho situada em São Carlos, SP. A análise da sensibilidade em relação ao CN foi realizada através da comparação dos resultados produzidos utilizando-se mapas de classificação dos usos do solo, produzidos a partir de imagens de satélite de alta resolução, as quais não são disponibilizadas gratuitamente, e imagens gratuitas de baixa resolução. Em relação ao tempo de concentração, foram analisadas e comparadas as diversas fórmulas disponíveis para sua determinação para uma bacia urbana. Outro aspecto estudado foi a distribuição temporal da chuva crítica. Existem diversos métodos indicados na literatura, como o dos blocos alternados, Huff e Bureau of Reclamation. Analisou-se o efeito que cada método produz nos hidrogramas de cheia resultantes. O método SCS apresenta-se bastante sensível em relação aos três parâmetros analisados. As diferenças entre os valores de CN, obtidos a partir das imagens de alta e baixa resolução, foram as que resultaram em maiores diferenças nas vazões de pico. A imagem de baixa resolução tende a subestimar as vazões de pico. Os métodos de distribuição temporal da chuva como Blocos Alternados e Huff 2°. Quartil, apesar serem métodos diferentes, produziram resultados semelhantes.To simulate the behavior of the basin before rain events and, from the quantification of flow of floods, find solutions to the problems caused by flooding, it is essential the use of models of processing rain-flow. There are different methods for calculating the surface runoff or excess rainfall for a given basin. Among these, one of the most used by technical community is the method developed by the Department of Soil Conservation American: SCS (Soil Conservation Service, current National Resources Conservation Service), mainly applicable when there is no historical series of data hydrological. The use of this method is dependent on the selection of the parameter CN (Curve Number), which in turn requires the knowledge of the characteristics of the basin under study, such as: soil types, vegetation cover, land use, soil moisture content prior to the rain. From the total surplus precipitation of rain event, in order to build a hydrograph, it is necessary to distribute the rain over time, i.e. build the hyetogram of excess rainfall. The SCS also proposes a method based on unit hydrograph triangular synthetic. The basic parameter to obtain this synthetic hydrograph is the time of concentration of the basin (tc). For the determination of this parameter there are several empirical formulas based on the physical characteristics of the basin, since its determination in a basin without hydrometrical data becomes impossible. Thus, for a consistent estimate of tc, it is necessary to evaluate the most suitable formula and the data available for each case to be considered. In this sense, the aim of the present study is to analyze the sensitivity of the SCS method in relation to the classification of the use and occupation of the soil and the time of concentration, from application of this model to the basin of the Mineirinho located in São Carlos, SP. The sensitivity analysis in relation to the CN was performed through the comparison of the results produced using maps of classification of soil uses, produced from high-resolution satellite images, which are not made available for free, and free images of low resolution. In relation to the time of concentration, the various formulas available were analyzed and compared for its determination to an urban basin. Another aspect studied, was the temporal distribution of critical rainfall. There are several methods given in the literature, such as the Alternating Block, Huff and Bureau of Reclamation. This study aimed to analyze the effect each method produces in the resulting flood hydrographs. The SCS method is quite sensitive in relation to the three parameters analyzed. The differences between the values of CN, obtained from the images of high and low resolution, were the ones that resulted in greater differences in flow of peak. The low resolution image tends to underestimate the flow of peak. The methods of temporal distribution of rainfall as Alternating Block and Huff 2°. Quartil, despite being different methods, produced similar results.
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Hosseini, Ebrahim. "A multiple-input-single-output, MISO, fuzzy logic model for generation of watershed Soil Conservation Service, SCS, curve numbers." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0025/NQ31526.pdf.
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Ames, Markus [Verfasser], and Rainer [Akademischer Betreuer] Birringer. "Miniaturisierung der shear compression specimen (SCS) und ihre Anwendung auf nanokristalline Metalle und Legierungen / Markus Ames. Betreuer: Rainer Birringer." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1067441425/34.
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Jacobson, Trolle, and Gustav Segerberg. "A Machine Learning-Based Statistical Analysis of Predictors for Spinal Cord Stimulation Success." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för matematik och matematisk statistik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-162121.
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Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) is a treatment for lumbar back pain and despitethe proven effcacy of the technology, there is a lack of knowledge in how the treatment outcome varies between different patients groups. Furthermore, since the method is costly, in the sense of material, surgery and follow-up time, a more accurate patient targeting would decrease healthcare costs. Within recent years, Real World Data (RWD) has become a vital source of information to describe the effects of medical treatments. The complexity, however, calls for new, innovative methods using a larger set of useful features to explain the outcome of SCS treatments. This study has employed machine learning algorithms, e.g., Random Forest Classier (RFC) boosting algorithms to finally compare the result with the baseline; Logistic regression (LR). The results retrieved was that RFC tend to classify successful and unsuccessful patients better while logistic regression was unstable regarding unbalanced data. In order to interpret the insights of the models, we also proposed a Soft Accuracy Measurement (SAM) method to explain how RFC and LR differ. Some factors have shown to impact the success of SCS. These factors were age, income, pain experience time and educational level. Many of these variables could also be supported by earlier studies on factors of success from lumbar spine surgery.
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Kim, Chang Soo. "Logistics and supply chain cooperative and collaborative spirit indices in South Korea." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/9827.
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This study proposes criteria to diagnose, to analyse and to evaluate the extent of cooperation and collaboration between supply chain members within extensive inter-firm relationships in supply chains. A case study context examines cooperative and collaborative relationships between shipping companies and shippers as suppliers, manufacturers, distributers, retailers, exporters and importers. The components of cooperation and collaboration are analysed through literature reviews, interviews with industrial experts, content analysis, two-rounds of Q-sorting, and pilot testing. Cooperation is a subset of collaboration comprised of transparency, fairness, and mutuality, and cooperation and “relational strength” such as trust and sustainability constitute collaboration. A questionnaire survey generated 167 responses from shipping companies in South Korea. Exploratory factor analysis underpinned cooperative and collaborative spirit indices (CCSIs) that varied within the shipping industry, types of shipping registered, and vessel types. Confirmatory factor analysis supported good model fit, convergent and discriminant validity, and unidimensionality. A “target coefficient” identified second order factors and path analysis showed that fairness, mutuality and cooperation can foster trust, and mutual trust can cultivate sustainability although transparency does not necessarily lead to trust. CCSIs indicated modest cooperation and collaboration in the shipping industry and MANOVA revealed differences according to vessel types and contract periods. This research clarifies theories of cooperation. Enhanced CCSIs between shippers and shipping companies imply that shippers should extend two-way communication, mutuality, distributive fairness and sustainability with shipping companies. Maintaining relationships brings long run benefits. Further, shipping companies should continuously strive to gain trust from shippers and government should organise consultative groups, develop and disseminate exemplary cases and foster institutions to promote collaboration. The constructs and items deployed herein are generic, implying that the research model and CCSIs methods will be widely applicable.
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COELHO, Victor Hugo Rabelo. "Estimativa da recarga subterrânea em bacia hidrográfica do semiárido pernambucano a partir de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto e sistemas de informações geográficas." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/17284.
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As limitações de dados pontuais para a estimativa da recarga subterrânea em grandes áreas ainda é um grande desafio para uma boa gestão desse recurso hídrico, principalmente em regiões semiáridas. Por causa da escassez de dados observados, a abordagem desta pesquisa estabelece uma integração entre um conjunto de variáveis do balanço hídrico, obtidas a partir de imagens de satélites, para estimar a distribuição espacial da recarga das águas subterrâneas na bacia hidrográfica do rio Ipanema (BHRI), localizada no estado de Pernambuco, Nordeste do Brasil. Os dados de sensoriamento remoto empregados incluem mapas mensais (2011-2012) de precipitação, escoamento superficial e evapotranspiração, utilizados como entradas para a aplicação do método do balanço hídrico (pixel a pixel) em um Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG). A precipitação utilizada foi derivada do satélite TRMM (3B43.v7) e seguiu o mesmo padrão médio mensal observado em 15 estações pluviométricas distribuídas pela área de estudo (CC = 0,93 e REQM = 17,1 mm), com estimativas médias anuais de 894,3 (2011) e 300,7 mm (2012). O escoamento superficial, adquirido pelo método SCS-CN a partir de informações dos solos da região e imagem do sensor TM, foi equivalente a 29% da precipitação registrada pelo TRMM durante os dois anos do estudo. Já a evapotranspiração real, obtida pela aplicação do SEBAL em imagens do sensor MODIS, apresentou valores médios anuais de 1.190 (2011) e 1.072 mm (2012). Os resultados do balanço hídrico mostraram que a recarga subterrânea na BHRI apresentou uma grande diferença interanual, caracterizada pelos regimes pluviométricos distintos, com médias de 28,1 (2011) e 4,9 (2012) mm ano-1. Essas recargas foram concentradas principalmente entre os meses de janeiro a julho nas regiões compostas por sedimentos aluviais e outros solos de alta permeabilidade. As aproximações da recarga subterrânea por sensoriamento remoto foram comparadas ao método WTF (Water Table Fluctuation) em uma área específica de aluvião na BHRI. As estimativas realizadas pelas duas metodologias apresentaram boa concordância anual, com valores médios de 154,6 (WTF) e 120,9 (balanço hídrico) mm em 2011, que correspondem a 14,89 e 13,12% das precipitações registradas pelo pluviômetro e pelo TRMM, respectivamente. Para o ano de 2012, apenas a metodologia WTF registrou uma recarga muito baixa de 15,9 mm. Como os estudos referentes ao tema ainda são incipientes, os valores gerados nesta tese fornecem uma boa percepção do potencial do sensoriamento remoto para avaliar as taxas desse importante componente do balanço hídrico na BHRI.
The limitations of data points to estimate the groundwater recharge over large areas are still a challenge for a good management of water resource, especially in semi-arid regions. Due to the deficiency of observed data, the approach of this research establishes an integration of hydrological cycle variables obtained from satellite images to estimate the spatial distribution of groundwater recharge in the Ipanema basin river (BHRI), located in the Pernambuco state, northeastern of Brazil. The remote sensing data used, which include monthly maps (2011-2012) of rainfall, runoff and evapotranspiration were used as input to apply the water balance method (pixel by pixel) in a Geographic Information System (GIS). The rainfall used was derived from the TRMM satellite (3B43.v7) and has the same monthly average observed temporal distribution in 15 rain gauges distributed over the study area (CC = 0.93 and RMSE = 17.1 mm), with annual average estimates of 894.3 (2011) and 300.7 mm (2012). The runoff acquired by SCS-CN method from information soil of the region and TM sensor image was equivalent to 29% of the TRMM rainfall registered during the two years of the study. The actual evapotranspiration obtained by the SEBAL application in MODIS images presented annual average of 1,190 (2011) and 1,072 (2012) mm. The results of the water balance showed a large interannual difference in the BHRI groundwater recharge, characterized by different rainfall regimes with averages of 28.1 (2011) and 4.9 (2012) mm year-1. These recharges were mainly concentrated between January to July in the regions with alluvial sediments and others high permeability soils. The groundwater recharge approach by remote sensing was compared to the WTF method (Water Table Fluctuation) in a specific area of alluvium in the BHRI. The estimates performed by the two methods showed good annual agreement, with mean values of 154.6 (WTF) and 120.9 (water balance) mm in 2011, corresponding to 14.89 and 13.12% of rainfall recorded at the rain gauge and TRMM, respectively. For the second year, just WTF method recorded a very low recharge of 15.9 mm. Studies related to the groundwater recharge involving remote sensing are incipient and the values generated in this thesis provide a good perception of the methodology to evaluate the rates of this important component of the water balance in the BHRI.
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Sedlatzek, Frank. "Übergangsmetallkomplexe mit dreizähnigen (NCP)- und (SCS)-Pincer- sowie (SNS)-Chelat-Liganden thermostabile homogene Palladiumkatalysatoren zur Knüpfung von C-C-Bindungen /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=982186746.
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Selmouni, Nabil. "Analyse de sensibilité du ruissellement et du débit de pointe aux incertitudes d'estimation du paramètre CN de la méthode SCS." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005.
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Selmouni, Nabil. "Analyse de sensibilité du ruissellement et du débit de pointe aux incertitudes d'estimation du paramètre CN de la méthode SCS." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2005. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1297.
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L'application des méthodes dites SCS, développées par le service de conservation des ressources nationales des États Unis pour le design en hydrologie, nécessitent la connaissance d'un paramètre essentiel pour leur application. Le paramètre est appelé"le numéro de courbe du ruissellement", noté CN. Il dépend principalement de trois facteurs; (1) Le groupe hydrologique du sol. (2) Le complexe de couverture. (3) Les conditions antécédentes d'humidité. En pratique, les informations disponibles sur ces facteurs pour un bassin versant donné sont souvent imprécises ou erronées à cause, d'une part, de l'hétérogénéité des bassins versants et d'autre part du manque de moyens ou d'une mauvaise interprétation des documents existants relatifs à ces facteurs. Et par conséquent, l'estimation du CN reste incertaine. Cette incertitude a des effets variables sur le volume de ruissellement superficiel et sur le débit de pointe à l'exutoire du bassin versant, en fonction de la hauteur de pluie de design et de la valeur même du paramètre CN. En général, ces effets restent moins importants dans le cas de fortes précipitations et aussi dans le cas des bassins versants ayant un fort potentiel de ruissellement, soit lorsque la valeur du paramètre CN est plus grande. Inversement, lorsque la hauteur de la pluie est plus proche de la valeur des pertes initiales, les erreurs sur le ruissellement ainsi que sur le débit de pointe deviennent très importantes. Il ressort de cette étude qu'il est impérativement essentiel de porter une grande attention à la valeur du paramètre CN et de vérifier si la pluie est beaucoup plus importante que les pertes initiales avant d'amorcer une modélisation ou un design hydrologique.
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Dahlberg, Patrik, and Sara Nikoo. "En kvantitativ undersökning av hur iKBT påverkar samvetsstress och arbetsrelaterad stress hos vårdpersonal under hård arbetsbelastning till följd av Covid-19." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för psykologi (PSY), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-103843.
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Antalet sjukskrivningar till följd av stressrelaterade sjukdomar har ökat kraftigt för vårdpersonal. Därtill saknas det evidens för internetbaserade interventioner mot stressrelaterad ohälsa för vårdpersonal. Syftet var att undersöka och utvärdera en internetbaserad kognitiv beteendeterapi-intervention (iKBT) avseende graden av samvetsstress, arbetsrelaterad stress samt självmedkänsla hos vårdpersonal. Enkäter bestående av Stress of Conscience Questionnaire (SCQ), Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire version II (COPSOQ II) och Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) besvarades av deltagarna (N = 8), samtliga var kvinnor mellan 27 – 53 år. Resultaten analyserades med PEM och RCI på individnivå och T-test på gruppnivå. RCI-analysen visade begränsade resultat för SCQ, blandade resultat för COPSOQ II och övervägande positiva resultat för SCS. Analysen på gruppnivå visade en signifikant minskning i Sömnbesvär (p = .032) och Self-Judgment (p = .021) samt signifikant ökning i Self-Kindness (p = .016). Studien behöver replikeras i framtida studier med ett större antal deltagare och en studiedesign som är metodologiskt robust.The amount of sick leave due to stress-related illnesses has increased significantly for healthcare staff. In addition, there is a lack of evidence for internet-based interventions for stress-related illness for healthcare staff. The aim was to examine and evaluate an internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (iCBT) intervention regarding the degree of stress of conscience, work-related stress and self-compassion among healthcare staff. Questionnaires consisting of Stress of Conscience Questionnaire (SCQ), Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire version II (COPSOQ II) and Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) were answered by the participants (N = 8), all were women between 27 - 53 years. The results were analyzed with PEM and RCI at the individual level and T-tests at group level. The RCI analysis showed limited results for SCQ, mixed results for COPSOQ II and predominantly positive results for SCS. The analysis at group level showed a significant decrease in Sleep Disorders (p = .032) and Self-Judgment (p = .021) as well as a significant increase in Self-Kindness (p = .016). The study needs to be replicated in future studies with a larger number of participants and a study design that is more methodologically robust.
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Nguyen, Quoc Son. "Application du modèle distribué événementiel SCS-LR pour la prévision des crues méditerranéennes : performances du modèle et variabilité spatiale des paramètres." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTG019/document.
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Les modèles pluie-débit sont des outils essentiels pour de nombreuses applications hydrologiques, notamment la prévision des crues. L’objet de cette thèse est d’examiner les performances d’un modèle événementiel distribué, dont l’intérêt est de résumer la représentation des processus à la phase de crue, et la condition initiale à un indice de saturation du bassin facilement observable ou accessible. Ce dernier dispense de modéliser la phase inter-crue, et simplifie la paramétrisation et le calage du modèle. Le modèle étudié combine une fonction de production type SCS et une fonction de transfert type lag and route, appliquées à une discrétisation du bassin en mailles carrées régulières.Le modèle est d’abord testé sur le bassin versant du Real Collobrier. Ce bassin méditerranéen est suivi depuis plus de 50 ans par l’IRSTEA, et dispose d’une exceptionnelle densité de mesures de pluies et de débits. Cet environnement favorable permet de limiter les incertitudes sur l’estimation des pluies et d’évaluer les performances intrinsèques du modèle. Dans ces conditions, les crues sont bien reconstituées à l’aide d’un jeu de paramètres unique pour l’ensemble des épisodes testés, à l’exception de la condition initiale du modèle. Celle-ci apparaît fortement corrélée avec l’humidité du sol en début d’épisode, et peut être prédéterminée de façon satisfaisante par le débit de base ou l’indice w2 fourni par le modèle SIM de Météo-France. Les performances du modèle sont ensuite étudiées en dégradant la densité des pluviomètres, et rendent compte du niveau de performances du modèle dans les cas que l’on rencontre le plus souvent. .La variabilité spatiale des paramètres du modèle est étudiée à l’échelle de différents sous-bassins du Real Collobrier. La comparaison a permis de mettre en évidence et de corriger un effet d’échelle concernant l’un des paramètres de la fonction de transfert. Les relations entre la condition initiale du modèle et les indicateurs d’humidités des sols en début d’épisode restent bonnes à l’échelle des sous-bassins, mais peuvent être significativement différentes selon les sous-bassins. Une seule relation ne permet pas de normaliser l’initialisation du modèle sur l’ensemble des sous-bassins, à une échelle spatiale de quelques km2 ou dizaines de km2. Dans le cas de l’indice d’humidité du sol w2, une explication possible est que cet indice ne prend pas en compte suffisamment finement les propriétés des sols. Enfin, la variabilité spatiale des paramètres du modèle est étudiée à l’échelle d’un échantillon d’une quinzaine de bassins méditerranéens de quelques centaines de km2, associés à des paysages et des fonctionnements hydrologiques divers. La comparaison montre qu’à cette échelle, le lien entre les indicateurs de saturation du bassin et la condition initiale peut rester stable par type de bassin, mais varie significativement d’un type de bassin à l’autre. Des pistes sont proposées pour expliquer cette variation.En conclusion, ce modèle événementiel distribué représente un excellent compromis entre performances et facilité de mise en œuvre. Les performances sont satisfaisantes pour un bassin donné ou pour un type de bassin donné. L’analyse et l’interprétation de la variabilité spatiale des paramètres du modèle apparaît cependant complexe, et doit faire l’objet du test d’autres indicateurs de saturation des bassins, par exemple mesures in situ ou mesures satellitaires de l’humidité des solsRainfall-runoff models are essential tools for many hydrological applications, including flood forecasting. The purpose of this thesis was to examine the performances of a distributed event model for reproducing the Mediterranean floods. This model reduces the parametrization of the processes to the flood period, and estimates the saturation of the catchment at the beginning of the event with an external predictor, which is easily observable or available. Such predictor avoids modelling the inter-flood phase and simplifies the parametrization and the calibration of the model. The selected model combines a distributed SCS production function and a Lag and Route transfer function, applied to a discretization of the basin in a grid of regular square meshes.The model was first tested on the Real Collobrier watershed. This Mediterranean basin has been monitored by IRSTEA for more than 50 years and has an exceptional density of rainfall and flow measurements. This favourable environment made it possible to reduce the uncertainties on the rainfall input and to evaluate the actual performances of the model. In such conditions, the floods were correctly simulated by using constant parameters for all the events, but the initial condition of the event-based model. This latter was highly correlated to predictors such as the base flow or the soil water content w2 simulated by the SIM model of Meteo-France. The model was then applied by reducing the density of the rain gauges, showing loss of accuracy of the model and biases in the model parameters for lower densities, which are representative of most of the catchments.The spatial variability of the model parameters was then studied in different Real Collobrier sub-basins. The comparison made it possible to highlight and correct the scale effect concerning one of the parameters of the transfer function. The catchment saturation predictors and the initial condition of the model were still highly correlated, but the relationships differed from some sub-catchments. Finally, the spatial variability of the model parameters was studied for other larger Mediterranean catchments, of which area ranged from some tenth to hundreds of square kilometres. Once more, the model could be efficiently initialized by the base flow and the water content w2, but significant differences were found from a catchment to another. Such differences could be explained by uncertainties affecting as well the rainfall estimation as the selected predictors. However, the relationships between the initial condition of the model and the water content w2 were close together for a given type of catchment.In conclusion, this distributed event model represents an excellent compromise between performance and ease of implementation. The performances are satisfactory for a given catchment or a given type of catchment. The transposition of the model to ungauged catchment is less satisfactory, and other catchment saturation indicators need to be tested, e.g. in situ measurements or satellite measurements of soil moisture
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Anaya, Espinoza José Luis. "Calibración de los parámetros hidrológicos en la sub cuenca del río Quilcay empleando los modelos del Soil Conservation Service (SCS) y Snyder." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/9250.
Full textAbstract:
El presente estudio tiene como objetivo calibrar los parámetros hidrológicos
en la subcuenca del río Quilcay – Ancash empleando los modelos del Soil
Conservation Service (SCS) y Snyder. Para ello, se obtuvo información
pluviométrica e hidrográfica de estaciones pertenecientes a la zona de
estudio, las mismas que fueron evaluadas para periodos de retorno de 10, 25,
50 y 100 años. Por su parte, la caracterización de la subcuenca de estudio se
realizó a través del software Arcgis v.10.2 y el proceso de calibración se llevó
a cabo de manera automática utilizando como herramienta el software Hec-
HMS y la función objetivo de “error porcentual al pico”.
Los resultados obtenidos muestran que, pese a que ambos modelos
hidrológicos presentaron tendencias similares, el Hidrograma Unitario
Sintético (HUS) de Snyder logró ajustarse mejor a los caudales máximos
reales con una variación promedio de 19%, mientras que el HUS del SCS
presentó una variación promedio de 34%. Asimismo, el proceso de validación
de ambos modelos indicó que el HUS de Snyder representó de manera más
adecuada la realidad hidrológica de la subcuenca Quilcay por encima del HUS
del SCS.
Por otro lado, es importante aclarar que, aunque el título del presente estudio
indique que la acción de calibrar se da a nivel de los parámetros, este proceso
es propio de los modelos hidrológicos.Tesis
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Dang, Rani. "" L'intégration des PME au sein des dynamiques territoriales d'innovation : Une approche fondée sur les connaissances. Le cas de deux clusters du Pôle SCS "." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00735471.
Full textAbstract:
Les PME françaises ont des difficultés à innover malgré les nombreux efforts des pouvoirs publics. Face à ce constat, les dispositifs d'aide aux PME ont cherché à se renouveler. Cette évolution se traduit par l'avènement d'une logique territoriale : il s'agit de faciliter l'innovation des PME à travers leur participation à des projets d'innovation localisés (PIL), logique développée par la politique des pôles de compétitivité. Des travaux ont analysé les faiblesses intrinsèques aux PME face à l'innovation, dans cette perspective les PME, de manière plus accentuée que les autres types d'organisations, sont incitées à collaborer pour innover afin de compenser leurs faiblesses en termes de ressources. Or, elles rencontrent de nombreuses difficultés dans ce processus. Cette recherche diffère de ces travaux en prenant pour point d'entrée de la réflexion non plus la PME en tant que telle, mais les dynamiques territoriales d'innovation (DTI). En effet, certaines dynamiques paraissent plus propices que d'autres à l'insertion des PME dans les PIL. Dans un premier temps nous cherchons à identifier les mécanismes qui sous-tendent les DTI, et dans un second temps nous étudions dans quelle mesure ces mécanismes facilitent ou freinent l'intégration des PME dans les PIL. Nous menons une étude de cas de type " grounded theory " (Glaser, 2004) sur deux clusters rassemblés au sein du pôle de compétitivité SCS " solutions communicantes sécurisées " : Marseille-Rousset-Gémenos, et Nice-Sophia Antipolis. Les résultats nous ont permis d'élaborer un " modèle théorique enraciné " explicatif de l'intégration des PME dans les dynamiques territoriales d'innovation. Ce modèle met en évidence un élément clé de l'intégration des PME dans les PIL : la présence de connaissances architecturales au niveau du cluster dans leurs trois dimensions relationnelle, technique et de marché.
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Santos, André Gonçalo dos. "Acoplamento do modelo atmosférico WRF ao modelo hidrológico SCS/HMS para a previsão de cheias na Bacia do Paraíba do Meio em Alagoas." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2016. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/21101.
Full textAbstract:
SANTOS, A. G. Acoplamento do modelo atmosférico WRF ao modelo hidrológico SCS/HMS para a previsão de cheias na Bacia do Paraíba do Meio em Alagoas. 2016. 132 f. Tese (Doutorado em Engenharia Civil: Recursos Hídricos) – Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2016.Submitted by Hohana Sanders (hohanasanders@hotmail.com) on 2016-10-04T13:44:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_tese_agsantos.pdf: 4143555 bytes, checksum: 990f1590eaf776f57b796725173e5315 (MD5)
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The basin of the Paraíba do Meio river located between the states of Pernambuco and Alagoas in the northeast region, totaling an area of 3.148,5km2, distributed among 21 cities, eight of them belong to the state of Pernambuco, and the other 13 to the state of Alagoas. As it happens in most Brazilian cities, the process of the urbanization of the municipalities of the valley of the Paraíba do Meio river happened intensely and erratically on the river, which consequently led to high vulnerability to events of flood. The impacts caused by the floods in the region are: material and social losses as well, disruption of economic activities in the affected areas, and loss of human life. Regarding the problem, this study aimed to evaluate the unidirectional coupling between the atmospheric forecasting mesoscale model WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) and a hydrological model formulated in HEC-HMS program (Hydrologic Engineering Center - Hydrologic Modeling System) in the perspective of the development of a monitoring and warning system, in order to reduce the damage caused by extreme flow events in the region. Therefore, the FNL data analysis were used (Final Analysis GFS) resulting from the Global Forecast System model (GFS) as initial and boundary conditions of the WRF model for simulation of rainfall, and data on hourly scale precipitation and flow, collected in Data collected in vests Platforms (DCPs), which were used in the phase of adjustment and validation of both models. To assess the results generated by the models during and after calibration, we used seven statistical bias indicators, Bias, to evaluate the existence of systematic errors; the root of mean squared error to estimate the magnitude of the error of the simulated values; Pearson correlation coefficient, to measure the degree of relationship among the simulated and observed series; and the quantifiable measures, Nash-Sutcliffe, Heidke Skill Score (HSS), hit rate (H) and the false alarm ratio (FAR), to assess the predictive ability of the models involved and the unidirectional coupling technique. After the calibration and validation steps, the results were analyzed statistically and visually. The atmospheric model WRF showed underestimation of the observed rainfall; however, its predictability was considered satisfactory according to the indicators. In assessing the hydrological model SCS/HMS formulated in HEC-HMS program, acceptable results were obtained in the phases of calibration and validation. Correlation coefficients were greater than 0.90 in two stages, despite the evidence of the presence of systematic error, and thus, underestimating the flow observed according to the statistical criteria. The forecast of the hydrological model was rated between satisfactory and acceptable by the efficiency coefficients evaluated. The corresponding analysis to the coupling indicated correlations above 0.75, with satisfactory predictability (Nash = 0.572 and Nash = 0.749) for a forecasting system. However, the model underestimated 15% to 44% the flow rates observed in the analyzed points. Overall, the analysis of the method used for the purpose of the development of an early warning system to floods showed promising results in the short-term flow forecasts.
A bacia hidrográfica do rio Paraíba do Meio localiza-se entre os estados de Pernambuco e Alagoas na região Nordeste, totalizando uma área de 3.148,5km2, distribuída entre 21 municípios, dos quais oito pertencem ao estado de Pernambuco e 13 ao estado de Alagoas. Assim como a grande parte das cidades brasileiras, o processo de urbanização dos municípios do vale do rio Paraíba do Meio ocorreu de forma intensa e irregular às margens do rio, o que, por consequência, gerou alta vulnerabilidade aos eventos de inundações. Os impactos proporcionados pelas inundações na região são: perdas materiais, sociais, interrupção das atividades econômicas das áreas afetadas, e perdas de vidas humanas. Diante da problemática, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal avaliar o acoplamento unidirecional entre o modelo de previsão atmosférica de mesoescala WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) e um modelo hidrológico semidistribuído formulado no programa HEC-HMS (Hydrologic Engineering Center - Hydrologic Modeling System), na perspectiva do desenvolvimento de um sistema de monitoramento e alerta, com vistas a reduzir os danos causados pelos eventos extremos de vazão na região. Para tanto, foram utilizados os dados de análise FNL (Final Analysis GFS), resultante do modelo Global Forecast System (GFS) como condições iniciais e de contorno do modelo WRF para simulação das precipitações, além dos dados em escala horária de precipitação e vazão, coletados nas Plataformas de Coletas de Dados (PCDs), os quais foram usados nas fases de ajustes e validação dos dois modelos. Para avaliar os resultados gerados pelos modelos durante e após a calibração, foram utilizados sete indicadores estatísticos: Viés, para avaliar a existência de erros sistemáticos; a Raiz do Erro Quadrático Médio, para estimar a magnitude do erro dos valores simulados; o Coeficiente de Correlação Linear de Pearson, para aferir o grau de relação entre as séries simuladas e observadas; e os coeficientes de eficiência Nash–Sutcliffe, Heidke Skill Score (HSS), Proporção de acerto (H) e a Razão de alarme falso (RAF), para avaliar a habilidade preditiva dos modelos envolvidos e da técnica de acoplamento unidirecional. Depois das etapas de calibração e validação, os resultados foram analisados, estatística e visualmente. O modelo atmosférico WRF apresentou subestimativas das chuvas observadas; contudo, sua previsibilidade foi considerada satisfatória segundo os indicadores. Na avaliação do modelo hidrológico SCS/HMS formulado no programa HEC-HMS, foram obtidos resultados aceitáveis nas fases de calibração e validação. Os coeficientes de correlações foram superiores a 0,90 nas duas etapas, apesar de evidenciar a presença de erro sistemático, e, assim, subestimar as vazões observadas de acordo com critérios estatísticos utilizados. A previsibilidade do modelo hidrológico foi classificada entre satisfatória e aceitável pelos coeficientes de eficiências avaliados. A análise correspondente ao acoplamento indicou correlações superiores a 0,75, com previsibilidade satisfatória (Nash=0,572 e Nash=0,749) para um sistema de previsão. Contudo, o modelo subestimou entre 15% a 44% as vazões observadas nos pontos analisados. De forma geral, a análise do método utilizado com o propósito no desenvolvimento de um sistema de alerta a inundações apresentou resultados promissores no prognóstico de vazão em curto prazo.
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Pankratz, Robert Henry. "Considerations on two urban runoff applications in the Canadian context: The modeling of storage facilities with low release rates and the SCS method." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/10900.
Full textAbstract:
A fundamental stormwater management principle is the storage of excessive stormwater runoff at its source and its subsequent release at controlled outflow rates. On-site detention facilities with low release rates are becoming increasingly popular in Canada. To determine the required size of such facilities, proponents advocate methods ranging from the simple rational method to sophisticated continuous simulation computer models. Storage volumes determined by these various methods can produce alarmingly divergent and inconsistent results. The accuracy of such methods has, in many cases, not been adequately tested. Because detention facility design is not well understood, serious misapplication of modeling has occurred in Canada for quite some time. A comparison of two categories of sizing methods---design event methods and continuous simulation techniques---was conducted to determine the relative merits of each method and their respective ranges of application and confidence. Detention facilities sized with single event procedures were subjected to long term continuous simulations using historic rainfall records to determine the actual recurrence frequency of overflows. URBHYD and STORM were selected to represent classes of single event and continuous simulation models, respectively. It was possible to compare the results of both methodologies on the basis of three parameters: storage volumes, release rates and watershed imperviousness. The comparison revealed that for low release rates the single event design approach may significantly underestimate the required storage volume. It also became evident that defining a critical design storm event independently of the drainage basin is impossible. Municipalities accepting release rates as low as 10 to 40 1/s/ha should require continuous simulation in the design process to ensure that adequate storage capacity is provided. Further research is necessary to determine the extent to which snowmelt events effect the design process.
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Lenander, Ann-Sofi. "A GIS-Based Method of Deriving Spatially Distributed Unit Hydrographs." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-297671.
Full textAbstract:
Prior to using hydraulic and spatially distributed modelling softwares, the theory of the unit hydrograph was a commonly used tool for modelling of surface and runoff water. While distributed models often provide detailed results from extensive calculation durations, the unit hydrograph have been questioned for simplifying the physical characteristics of the watershed modelled. Typically, the unit hydrograph theory does not explicitly take the flow paths of the watershed in consideration during calculation. With the rise of geographical information systems, methods of deriving spatially distributed unit hydrographs have been developed. The aim of these have commonly been to find a spatially varied form of hydrological modelling, while still keeping the computation times low. The method is commonly built by calculating the travel time to the watershed outlet along the flow path. In this study, spatially distributed unit hydrographs are derived separately for the watershed’s pervious and impervious surfaces in a Python script using map algebra and the Esri’s Python wrapper module Arcpy. The travel times are generated from a velocity field calculated using Maidment and Olivera’s velocity equation. The velocity equation contains three unknown parameters; one for an average velocity and two calibration parameters. The excess precipitation is calculated of a 100 year return period Chicago Design Storm hyetograph using the SCS-CN method. The direct runoff hydrographs are calculated over three semi-urban watersheds in Smedby in southern Sweden, and the results are compared to MIKE 21 hydrograph data of each corresponding watershed and rain input. The result obtained showed to replicate the hydrograph response quite well, but only if the unknown parameters in the velocity equation were calibrated to match the MIKE 21 data. The unknown parameters of the velocity equations produces uncertainties of using the method without calibration data, which implies that the script is not well adapted to use for modelling predictions. It may be of interest to calculate the travel times of the locations within the watershed using a different formula. The script tool could be tested using different design storms as input, and areas of different characteristics compared to Smedby could be tested.Innan det blev vanligt att använda hydrauliska och rumsliga modellerings- mjukvaror användes ofta teorin bakom enhetshydrografen för modellering av avrinning. Medan de rumsliga mjukvarorna ofta erbjuder detaljerade resultat till priset av långa beräkningstider, har enhetshydrografen ifrågasatts för att förenkla den fysiska karaktären av avrinningsområdet. Typiskt sett tar inte enhetshydrografen avrinningsområdets flödesvägar direkt i hänseende vid beräkning. Utveckling och ökad tillgänglighet av geografiska informations- system förenklade möjligheterna att utveckla beräkning av enhetshydrografer som tar hänsyn till avrinningsområdets karaktär, typiskt sett genom att beräkna rinntiden från varje läge i avrinningsområdet, längs rinnvägarna och till utloppet. I den här studien beräknas spatiala enhetshydrografer separat för avrinningsområdets hårdgjorda och icke hårdgjorda ytor, genom att utveckla ett Python skript med hjälp av karalgebra och Esri’s wrapper modul ArcPy. Rinntiderna från olika lägen i avrinningsområdet beräknas med Maidments och Oliveras formel för hastighet, vilken innehåller okända parametrar för en uppskattad medelhastighet samt två kalibreringsparametrar. Effektivt regn från ett Chicago Design Storm regn med en återkomsttid på 100 år beräknas med hjälp av SCS-CN metoden. Hydrograferna för direkt avrinning faltas för tre semi-urbana avrinningsområden i Smedby i södra Sverige för att sedan jämföras mot MIKE 21 genererad hydrograf data för respektive motsvarade avrinningsområde. Hydrografdata producerat av MIKE 21 har tagits fram med lika CDS-regn data som input. Resultatet visar att hydrografer snarlika MIKE 21 hydrograferna kan tas fram med Maidments spatialt fördelade enhetshydrograf, om de okända parametrarna i Maidments formel kalibrerades mot MIKE 21 data. Utan kalibreringsdata för att bestämma de okända parametrarna kan resultatet anses vara mycket osäkert, vilket antyder att Python skriptet ej bör användas för använda metoden för att förutspå responser av regnevent. Andra beräkningar än Maidments ekvation kan vara av intresse att implementera. Olika typer av regninput samt spatial data över andra platser än Smedby kan vara av intresse att testa Python skriptet för.
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Sandberg, Vilmer, and Simon Modig. "Relationen mellan mindfulness, självmedkänsla och upplevd stress bland universitetsstudenter." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-115223.
Full textAbstract:
Stress är ett växande samhällsproblem och står för en tredjedel av alla sjukskrivningar i Sverige. Många företag uppger att de inte har metoder för att hantera stress. Därmed finns ett stort behov av effektiva metoder för detta. Mindfulness based stress reduction (MBSR) verkar vara en effektiv metod för att minska stress, men verkningsmekanismerna är ej helt fastställda. Både mindfulness och självmedkänsla förefaller kunna ha inverkan på stress. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vilken relation mindfulness och självmedkänsla har till upplevd stress bland universitetsstudenter samt om något av begreppen har en starkare relation till upplevd stress än det andra. Tre validerade självskattningsinstrument, Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), Five Facet Mindfulness Questionaire (FFMQ-S) och Perceived Stress Scale-14 (PSS-14), administrerades till 203 universitetsstudenter. I enlighet med förväntningarna fanns det ett statistiskt signifikant samband mellan FFMQ och SCS. Regressionsanalyser visade att både FFMQ och SCS predicerade poäng på PSS-14 och att SCS kunde predicera poäng på PSS-14 i högre grad än FFMQ. Kön var också en signifikant prediktor av poäng på PSS-14, men dess prediktiva värde var ej signifikant när FFMQ och SCS inkluderades i regressionsmodellen. Fyndet tyder på att självmedkänsla är en viktig del i hanteringen av stress och bidrar med en ledtråd i verkningsmekanismerna i MBSR och andra copingstrategier. Mer forskning behövs för att vidare utreda kausalitet och hur de olika komponenterna i självmedkänsla verkar på upplevd stress.Stress is a growing social problem which accounts for a third of all sick leave in Sweden. Many companies say they do not have methods to manage stress. Thus there is a great need for effective methods to manage stress with. Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is an effective method to reduce stress, however the mechanisms are not completely understood. Research indicates that Self-compassion seems to have a significant role. Both mindfulness and self-compassion hence seems to be able to have an impact on stress. The purpose of this study is to examine what relationship mindfulness and self-compassion has with perceived stress, and if any of the concepts has a stronger relationship to perceived stress than the other. Three validated self-report instruments, Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) and Perceived Stress Scale-14 (PSS14), were administered to 203 university students. The collected data was analyzed with regression analysis. In line with expectations, mindfulness and self-compassion correlated. The results also indicated that both FFMQ and SCS can predict PSS-14 scores, and that scores on SCS could predict scores on PSS-14 to a greater extent than FFMQ could. Gender did also significantly predict scores on PSS-14, but it did not have any significant predictive value when SCS and FFMQ was included in the regression analysis. These findings suggests that self-compassion is an important part of managing stress and therefore might be a significant mechanism of action of MBSR and other coping strategies. More research is needed to further investigate causality, and the function of the various components of self-compassion on perceived stress.
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Groth, Therese, and Malin Sundén. "Sustainability Control Systems – vägen mot hållbarhet? : En studie om medarbetarens roll i utvecklingsprocessen mot effektiv hållbarhetsstyrning hos en bank- och försäkringsaktör." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-74451.
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Samhället står inför stora klimatanpassningar på grund av den globala uppvärmningen som medför förödande konsekvenser för människa och miljö. En viktig medverkare i arbetet för klimatanpassningen är bank- och försäkringsaktörer som med hjälp av den erfarenhet de besitter kan bidra till samhällets klimatanpassning. Men för att företagen ska lyckas uppnå ett effektivt hållbarhetsarbete behöver en hållbarhetsstrategi formuleras, den strategin kan integreras och kommuniceras i verksamheten genom att styra medarbetarna mot de uppsatta målen via ett styrsystem mot hållbarhet, sustainability control system (SCS). Men forskning menar att de krävs ett aktivt deltagande från medarbetare för att skapa långsiktiga hållbarhetsstrategier i verksamheten, styrsystemet bör även vara utformat så medarbetares kunskap, engagemang och erfarenhet får komma till uttryck i systemutvecklingen. Det blev således intressant att utforma studiens syfte för att identifiera hur medarbetarnas kunskap, engagemang och erfarenhet används hos en bank- och försäkringsaktörs utvecklingsprocess mot hållbarhet samt förstå vilken betydelse egenskaperna har i processen. För att uppnå syftet har en kvalitativ fallstudie antagits, det empiriska materialet har insamlats genom dokumentstudie, observationer samt intervjuer där den teoretiska referensramen låg till grund för en semistrukturerad intervjuguide. Vidare används en analysmodell för analysering av det empiriska materialet och besvara syfte och forskningsfrågor. Resultatet visar att kunskap är en grundläggande faktor för att uppnå en effektiv utvecklingsprocess mot SCS. Det finns kunskap och engagemang inom företaget som inte tas tillvara i hållbarhetsarbetet. Däremot finns en kultur som främjar diskussion, om den även styrs mot hållbarhetsarbetet möjliggör det för en utveckling av SCS i företaget där medarbetarna involveras.
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Moreira, Adolfo Ãtila Cabral. "Modelagem hidrolÃgica da bacia hidrogrÃfica do rio granjeiro â Crato-CE: composiÃÃo do cenÃrio atual e simulaÃÃes de uso e ocupaÃÃo do solo." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=10772.
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nÃo hÃO trabalho apresenta um modelo hidrolÃgico inÃdito para a bacia hidrogrÃfica do rio Granjeiro (BHG), com uma Ãrea de contribuiÃÃo de 18,54 kmÂ, altitude variando de 399 a 953 metros acima do nÃvel do mar, localizada no municÃpio do Crato, regiÃo sul do estado do CearÃ, regiÃo de grande relevÃncia econÃmica no estado, destacando-se o comÃrcio e o turismo. O modelo foi desenvolvido utilizando o software HEC-HMS do Centro de Engenharia HidrolÃgico (CEIWR-HEC), do corpo de engenheiros do exercito dos Estados Unidos da AmÃrica (USACE). A metodologia utilizada foi composta por trÃs partes. A primeira parte tratou de extrair os dados geogrÃficos, fÃsicos e hidrolÃgicos, utilizando modelos digitais de elevaÃÃo, imagens de satÃlites e mapas temÃticos de caracterizaÃÃo territorial do estado do CearÃ, por meio do software ArcGIS e sua extensÃo HEC-GeoHMS, para exportÃ-los para o HEC-HMS. A segunda parte se concentrou na construÃÃo dos hietogramas, utilizando a equaÃÃo de chuva do municÃpio do Crato e o mÃtodo dos blocos alternados. E por fim, na terceira etapa foi simulado o escoamento superficial, provocado por chuvas com vÃrios tempos de retornos, tanto para o cenÃrio atual, quanto para vÃrios cenÃrios fictÃcios da BHG, utilizando o mÃtodo desenvolvido pelo ServiÃo de ConservaÃÃo do Solo (SCS) do Departamento de Agricultura dos Estados Unidos (USDA), conhecido como o modelo SCS. Verificou-se que as Sub-bacias SB4, SB5 e SB9 contribuem com 46% do escoamento total no exutÃrio, alÃm de um crescimento de ocupaÃÃo da BHG em 15%, praticamente dobrarà a probabilidade de cheias no canal do rio Granjeiro, enquanto a diminuiÃÃo desta ocupaÃÃo em 15%, praticamente reduz a possibilidade de cheias no canal do rio Granjeiro pela metade. Contudo, à importante frisar, que o modelo hidrolÃgico apresentado à o primeiro modelo elaborado para a BHG, dando aos gestores municipais do Crato a possibilidade de estudar a construÃÃo de obras hidrÃulicas para contenÃÃo das cheias, alÃm de implementaÃÃo de polÃticas pÃblicas de ocupaÃÃo das Ãreas em contidas na BHG, com o objetivo de reduzir as enchentes ocorridas no canal do rio Granjeiro.
The paper proposes a novel model for hydrological river basin Granjeiro (BHG), with a contribution area of 18.54 kmÂ, altitude ranging 399-953 meters above sea level, located in the county of Crato, southern the state of Cearà of great economic importance in the state, especially trade and tourism. The model was developed using the software HEC-HMS Hydrologic Engineering Center (CEIWR-HEC), the engineer corps of the army of the United States (USACE). The methodology used was composed of three parts. The first part dealt with data extraction geographic, physical and hydrological using digital elevation models, satellite images and thematic maps of territorial characterization of the state of CearÃ, through the ArcGIS software and its extension HEC-GeoHMS to export them for HEC-HMS. The second part focused on building the hietogramas, using the equation of rain Crato and the method of alternating blocks. And finally, the third step was simulated runoff caused by rain several times with returns, both for the current scenario, as for several fictional scenarios BHG, using the method developed by the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) Department of Agriculture (USDA), known as the SCS model. It was found that the sub-basins SB4, SB5 and SB9 contribute 46% of the total flow in river mouth, end an increase in occupancy of BHG 15%, nearly double the likelihood of flooding in the river channel Granjeiro, while this occupation decreased by 15 %, almost reduces the likelihood of flooding in the river channel Granjeiro by half. However, it is important to note that the hydrological model presented is the first model designed for BHG, giving municipal managers Crato the possibility to study the construction of hydraulic containment of floods, as well as implementation of policies of occupation of areas contained in BHG, with the goal of reducing the flooding that occurred in the river channel Granjeiro.
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Silva, Rodolfo Dias da [UNESP]. "A dinâmica do uso da terra e seu efeito nas enchentes na bacia do Córrego do Parque, Americana (SP)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/145025.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A avaliação e dimensionamento das inundações é de grande importância para o planejamento dentro de bacias urbanas. No Brasil inundações representam quase 60% dos desastres registrados, seu crescimento deu-se fundamentalmente ao aumento do desenvolvimento urbano na segunda metade do século XX. Este processo pode ser observado em Americana (SP), que experimentou uma intensa urbanização a partir da década de 1970. Os efeitos do adensamento urbano (mapeados nos cenários de 1962, 1977, 1996, 2008 e 2016) podem ser observados no aumento do volume de escoamento superficial e no tempo e pico da descarga do Córrego do Parque, área central de Americana. No processo de investigação utilizou-se dados da caracterização granulométrica dos solos, uso da terra, precipitação, áreas de concentração de escoamento superficial dentre outros elementos que foram modelados através do software denominado IPHS1 que possui algoritmos que possibilitam a transformação chuva-vazão, por meio do modelo hidrológico Curva Número (CN). Os dados foram projetados em diversos tempos de retorno (5, 10, 20 e 50 anos), o que nos permitiu ter uma visão mais ampla dos fenômenos. Os resultados obtidos apontam que o incremento da impermeabilização entre o período de 1962 e 2016 promoveu o aumento do escoamento superficial e sobrecarga no sistema de escoamento, aumentando a intensidade de enchentes e inundações.
Evaluating and dimensioning floods have great importance for planning urban hydrographic basins. In Brazil, floods represent around 60% of all registered disasters, and it has grown essentially due to the increased urban development in the second half of the 20th century. This process can be verified in Americana (SP), which has experienced an intense urbanization since the 70’s.The urban densification effects (which were mapped in the 1962, 1977, 1996, 2008 and 2016 scenarios) can be verified on the increasing of the runoff volume and on time and peak of discharge of the Parque stream, central area of Americana. Information about the size of soil particles, land use, rainfall and runoff concentration areas were used in the research process, as well as other elements that were modeled using the software IPHS1, which has algorithms that provides the transformation of rainfall-flow rate, through the hydrological model Curve Number (CN). Data were estimated on several return times (5, 10, 20 and 50 years), what allows a wider view of the floods process. The results indicate that the increasing of soil sealing between 1962 and 2016 raised the runoff and the overload on the drainage system, increasing floods and flooding intensity.
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Araki, Linda. "An exploratory study of student attitudes toward statistics and their retention of statistical concepts." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/472.
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The purpose of this exploratory research was to investigate potential factors (i.e. gender, time lapse between the latest statistics class and completion of the statistics test, grade point average (GPA), attitude towards statistics), which are associated with the comprehension and retention of statistical knowledge in Baccalaureate Psychology students. The criterion variable was statistical competency, which was measured in five subdomains: basic concepts, descriptives, correlation/regression, hypothesis testing, and inferential statistics.
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Costa, Roberto Carlos de Jesus. "Síntese e caracterização da granada de itérbio e alumínio dopada com érbio e molibdénio para aplicações em termometria ótica." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/23504.
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Mestardo em Engenharia FísicaNeste projeto sintetizaram-se pela primeira vez e caracterizou-se estrutural, ótica e termicamente a granada de itérbio e alumínio (YbAG) dopada com érbio e codopada com molibdénio sintetizada pelo método de autocombustão em solução (SCS). Este método, rápido e de baixo custo, permitiu a síntese de fósforos, na forma de pós com dimensões submicrométricas que foram posteriormente sujeitos a tratamentos térmicos. Para a caracterização estrutural dos fósforos foram usadas as técnicas de difração de raios-X (DRX) e a espectroscopia de Raman, que corroboram a existência predominante da fase YbAG nas amostras sintetizadas, com uma perda do carácter monofásico com a incorporação de molibdénio, recuperada posteriormente com um tratamento térmico aos 1200 0C. As amostras produzidas foram também analisadas por microscopia eletrónica de varrimento (SEM) com análise química elementar por espectroscopia de dispersão de energia (EDS). Identificou-se a composição típica de uma estrutura de YbAG e uma dispersão de partículas compostas por aglomerados submicrométricos. As propriedades óticas das amostras, foram analisadas por técnicas de refletância, fotoluminescência (PL) e excitação da fotoluminescência (PLE) revelando a estrutura dos níveis de energia eletrónica importantes para a compreensão do desempenho deste material como emissor/sensor de temperatura. As propriedades opto-térmicas, foram estudadas por PL em “upconversion” com excitação no infravermelho para diferentes densidades de excitação e temperaturas entre os 80 K (-190°C) e os 800 K (530 °C). Mostrou-se, relativamente às amostras apenas dopadas com érbio, uma melhoria significativa das propriedades de emissão da amostra codopada com molibdénio, sendo estas essenciais para a melhoria das propriedades termométricas. As amostras de YbAG:Er:Mo submetidas a tratamentos térmicos a 1200 ºC revelaram excelentes características (intensidade de emissão, gama de temperaturas utilizável, sensibilidade) para a sua utilização como sensor de temperatura na gama dos 80 K (-190°C) aos 800 K (530 °C).
In this project, for the first time it was synthesized YbAG doped with erbium and co-doped with molybdenum by the self-combustion solution method (SCS) and structurally, optically and thermally characterized. This fast and low-cost method, allowed the synthesis of phosphors in the form of powders with submicron dimensions that were later subjected to thermal treatments. Structural characterizzation was performed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. Both corroborate the predominant existence of YbAG phase in the synthesized samples, with a loss of the monophasic character with the incorporation of molybdenum, lately recovered with a heat treatment at 1200 °C. The synthetized samples were also analysed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). A typical chemical composition of a YbAG structure were obtained and a dispersion of particles composed by submicron agglomerates were identified. The optical properties of the samples were analysed by photoluminescence (PL) and photoluminescence excitation (PLE), revealing the structure of the electronic energy levels, important for understanding the performance of this material as emitter/temperature sensor. The opto-thermal properties were studied by up conversion PL with infrared excitation at different excitation densities and temperatures. A significant enhancement in the emission properties of the sample co-doped with molybdenum was shown. The YbAG: Er: Mo samples submitted to thermal treatments at 1200 °C, revealed excellent characteristics (emission intensity, usable temperature range, sensitivity) to be use as a temperature sensor in the range of 80 K (-190°C) and 800 K (530 °C).
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Dang, Rani Jeanne. "L' intégration des PME au sein des dynamiques territoriales d'innovation : une approche fondée sur les connaissances. Les cas de deux clusters du Pôle de compétitivité SCS." Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE0049.
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Les PME françaises ont des difficultés à innover malgré les nombreux efforts des pouvoirs publics. Face à ce constat, les dispositifs d'aide aux PME ont cherché à se renouveler. Cette évolution se traduit par l'avènement d'une logique territoriale : il s'agit de faciliter l'innovation des PME à travers leur participation à des projets d'innovation localisés (PIL), logique développée par la politique des pôles de compétitivité. Des travaux ont analysé les faiblesses intrinsèques aux PME face à l'innovation, dans cette perspective les PME, de manière plus accentuée que les autres types d'organisations, sont incitées à collaborer pour innover afin de compenser leurs faiblesses en termes de ressources. Or, elles rencontrent de nombreuses difficultés dans ce processus. Cette recherche diffère de ces travaux en prenant pour point d'entrée de la réflexion non plus la PME en tant que telle, mais les dynamiques territoriales d'innovation (DTI). En effet, certaines dynamiques paraissent plus propices que d'autres à l'insertion des PME dans les PIL. Dans un premier temps nous cherchons à identifier les mécanismes qui sous-tendent les DTI, et dans un second temps nous étudions dans quelle mesure ces mécanismes facilitent ou freinent l'intégration des PME dans les PIL. Nous menons une étude de cas de type " grounded theory " (Glaser, 2004) sur deux clusters rassemblés au sein du pôle de compétitivité SCS " solutions communicantes sécurisées " : Marseille-Rousset-Gémenos, et Nice-Sophia Antipolis. Les résultats nous ont permis d'élaborer un " modèle théorique enraciné " explicatif de l'intégration des PME dans les dynamiques territoriales d'innovation. Ce modèle met en évidence un élément clé de l'intégration des PME dans les PIL : la présence de connaissances architecturales au niveau du cluster dans leurs trois dimensions relationnelle, technique et de marchéFrench SMEs still find it difficult to enter the big league of firms. Considering this, a series of innovation policies has been refined to help SMEs' growth. This recent evolution is exemplified by the emergence of a new way of thinking based on a territorial framework, the main idea being to stimulate collaborative innovation through firms' involvement in innovative projects set-up locally. Even more significantly than in the case of other types of organizations, SMEs are encouraged - as a compensation of their lack of resources - to collaborate if they seek to innovate. Yet, they face a series of issues in this process. While research has tackled this issue, most contributions remained focused on SMEs' intrinsic weaknesses. To a large extent, this thesis differs from these contributions since it explores the dynamics of territorial innovation as a point of entry of the study rather than SMEs per se. In particular, this thesis deals with the identification of dynamics of territorial innovation's underlying mechanisms, which influence the SMEs' integration within LIPs. Based on qualitative research and on the grounded theory method, this study focuses on the case of two clusters part of the SCS competitiveness pôle " solutions communicantes sécurisées ": Marseille-Rousset-Gémenos, and Nice-Sophia-Antipolis. Results from this research suggest that SMEs' integration modes are significantly different under the influence of a specific mechanism that is: the role of architectural knowledge at the cluster-level. Overall, the combination of the results helped elaborating a model of SMEs' integration within dynamics of territorial innovation which contribute to both research developments on dynamics of territorial innovation and SMEs
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King, Katherine A. "Syntactic Complexity in Persons with Multiple Sclerosis." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2009. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1803.
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Several studies using standardized tests have provided evidence for the presence of language disorders in persons with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and have suggested that persons with MS may have language that is less complex. One aspect not thoroughly studied is that of syntactic complexity in naturalistic, conversational settings. The present study collected language samples from 10 adults with MS and 10 age-matched controls and compared scores on five quantitative measures derived from those samples. No significant differences were found between groups on any measure. This finding suggests that in mild cases of MS or during periods of remission, individuals may retain their ability to use complex language structures in naturalistic discourse.
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Skoglund, Malin, and Linnéa Trosell. "Hur perfekt får en vara? : Prediktorer för förändring vid internetbaserad kognitiv beteendeterapi för perfektionism." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Psykologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-129131.
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Perfectionism has been seen to predict treatment outcome and symptom severity in clinically relevant diagnoses such as depression and anxiety disorders. It has also been suggested to be a transdiagnostic phenomenon. The aim of this study was to investigate, for the first time, predictors of change in Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for perfectionism. The chosen predictors were perfectionism severity, comorbid diagnosis and degree of self-compassion. The study was a part of the Devin-project; a randomized controlled trial with 150 participants that were allocated to active treatment (N=73) or a waitlist condition (N=77). Multiple linear regression analysis was used for the analyses. Variables chosen a priori did not significantly predict the treatment outcome (R2=.10, p = .099). A post hoc-analysis showed that perfectionism severity, as measured with CPQ, predicted symptom change after treatment (B = .783, β = .56 p < .001). The results indicate that perfectionism severity doesn’t impair the treatment effects and that the treatment is effective, independent of comorbid diagnoses. Self-compassion was investigated on an explorative basis but the results can indicate that the variable is not a risk factor nor a protective factor for perfectionism. As Devin is the largest randomized controlled study of internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for perfectionism to date, this study generates important implications and suggestions for future research.Devin
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Kaya, Figen. "Effects of increased interfacial strength on the fatigue crack growth resistance, crack opening displacements and interfacial and fibre strength degradation in a Ti β 21S/SCS 6 composite." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289444.
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Stewart, Nigel Timothy, and nigels@nigels com. "An Image-Space Algorithm for Hardware-Based Rendering of Constructive Solid Geometry." RMIT University. Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080721.144757.
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A new approach to image-space hardware-based rendering of Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG) models is presented. The work is motivated by the evolving functionality and performance of computer graphics hardware. This work is also motivated by a specific industrial application --- interactive verification of five axis grinding machine tool programs. The goal is to minimise the amount of time required to render each frame in an animation or interactive application involving boolean combinations of three dimensional shapes. The Sequenced Convex Subtraction (SCS) algorithm utilises sequenced subtraction of convex objects for the purpose of interactive CSG rendering. Concave shapes must be decomposed into convex shapes for the purpose of rendering. The length of Permutation Embedding Sequences (PESs) used as subtraction sequences are shown to have a quadratic lower bound. In many situations shorter sequences can be used, in the best case linear. Approaches to s ubtraction sequence encoding are presented including the use of object-space overlap information. The implementation of the algorithm is experimentally shown to perform better on modern commodity graphics hardware than previously reported methods. This work also examines performance aspects of the SCS algorithm itself. Overall performance depends on hardware characteristics, the number and spatial arrangement of primitives, and the structure and boolean operators of the CSG tree.
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Bozkurt, Okan Cagri. "Operation Of The Water Control Structures." Master's thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615419/index.pdf.
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Floods are one of the most important natural disasters regarding damages caused by them. Major reasons of huge damages of floods are unplanned urbanization, narrowing of river beds and incorrect operation of water control structures. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can provide important tools to be used in flood modeling studies. In this study, Lake Mogan, Lake Eymir and Incesu Detention Pond subbasins are studied for flooding events within GIS framework. These subbasins are important catchment areas of city of Ankara with total drainage area of 1070 km2. Soil Conservation Service (SCS) method is used to obtain flood hydrographs for 12 hour duration and 50, 100 and 500 year return periods. Flood routing procedure is applied to obtain discharges at the outlet of the Mogan and Eymir Lakes and Incesu Detention Pond. Operation performance of water control structures are tried to be estimated by using hydrographs which are obtained for different scenarios. Results show that elements of Lake Mogan Water Control Structure do not have capability to discharge 500 year storm safely to the downstream of the lake. However, 100 year storm can be routed without creating problem if necessary small precautions are taken. On the other hand, water control elements of Lake Eymir and Incesu Detention Pond can transmit obtained flood volumes to the downstream parts by assuming that closed conduit at the exit of Incesu Detention Pond can safely convey resultant flood discharges.
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Cortecchia, Silea. "Evoluzione temporale del fabbisogno e del deficit irriguo delle principali colture in Italia: analisi mediante dati satellitari e modelli idrologici." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.
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In un contesto di scarsità di risorsa idrica e forti cambiamenti climatici è fondamentale conoscere l’effettiva disponibilità idrica per le colture. Il presente elaborato di tesi si propone di analizzare l’evoluzione temporale del fabbisogno irriguo e del deficit irriguo per le colture cerealicole mais, orzo e grano duro, nelle regioni Lombardia, Emilia Romagna e Sicilia, per due orizzonti temporali (2000-2017 e 2030-2050). Relativamente al periodo 2000-2017, i risultati aggregati a scala annuale mostrano un fabbisogno irriguo in Lombardia ed Emilia Romagna con valori tra 500-550 mm/anno per l’orzo e tra 740-850 mm/anno per mais e grano duro. La Sicilia presenta invece valori significativamente maggiori e pari a 745 mm/anno per l’orzo, e circa 1000-1200 mm/anno per mais e grano duro. In termini di deficit irriguo, stante una diminuzione di precipitazione da nord verso sud, con valori di 924 mm/anno, 750 mm/anno e 578 mm/anno rispettivamente per Lombardia, Emilia Romagna e Sicilia, la regione che presenta le condizioni più critiche indipendentemente dal tipo di coltura è la Sicilia. E' stato poi condotto uno studio più approfondito per la regione Emilia Romagna nell’anno 2017, in cui è stato applicato il modello d’infiltrazione SCS, per stimare il quantitativo d’acqua effettivamente infiltrato nel sottosuolo. Considerando invece il periodo 2030-2050, a partire da simulazioni climatiche, i dati mostrano un debole aumento dell’evapotraspirazione a scala nazionale, mentre le precipitazioni presentano un incremento significativo in Lombardia ed Emilia Romagna e una sostanziale diminuzione in Sicilia. Tale situazione verosimilmente porterà ad un aumento del deficit irriguo in Sicilia, mentre Lombardia ed Emilia Romagna vedranno una leggera diminuzione.
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Carr, Timothy, Carl Chebi, Gerald Cook, Russell Coons, and Mike Prevost. "A Study to Determine Impacts on Cost and Readiness Of Variations in the Development and Release Cycle of the F/A-18 EF and EA-18G Software Configuration Set (SCS)." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/7055.
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EMBA Project ReportEXECUTIVE SUMMARY: This project was completed by Patuxent River EMBA Cohort Consulting Team, on behalf of PMA-265, and facilitated through the Naval Postgraduate School Executive MBA program. The three main objectives of the project were: (1) Determine impacts on cost and readiness of variations in the development and release cycle of the F/A-18 E/F and EA-18G System Configuration Set (SCS); (2) Provide the F/A-18 Program Office with a clearer picture of the current trends associated with varying the SCS release cycle; (3) Provide the program office with a means to evaluate cost and readiness impacts of the SCS release cycle. This project focused on four main areas of interest: (1) Identification of fixed and variable costs incurred in the development and fielding of the F/A-18 SCS for use in the identification of cost impacts due to variation in SCS release interval; (2) Programmatic and schedule impacts on external stakeholders due to variations in SCS release interval (3) F/A-18 Fleet training and readiness impacts due to variation in SCS release interval; (4) Determining SCS release plan that balances capability, schedule, costs and impacts to the war fighter to ensure delivery of the right readiness, at the right time, at the right cost. Based on the analysis of the SCS release interval, we determined that a one year interval was too short, 4 years was too long, and the optimal interval is somewhere between 2 and 3 years. Utilizing historical SCS cost and developmental timelines provided by the Advanced Weapons Lab, we determined that 88% of the cost associated with releasing an SCS were variable, and only 12% were fixed. Modeling this data and running cost models excursions at varying SCS release intervals, we determined that the greatest cost was associated with a 1 year SCS release interval and that costs decreased as the SCS release interval increased. Implementing a 4 year SCS release cycle results in savings of up to $63.5 million as compared to one year SCS release costs. Examining typical Aircrew, Squadron and Air Wing training plans, we determined that a 1 year SCS release interval resulted in decreased Aircrew Flight proficiency and increased training requirements. As the SCS release interval increased to 4 years, Aircrew, Squadron and Air Wing proficiency increased and training plans were optimized. SCS release intervals for a major SCS (delivers capability and implements software fixes) and minor SCS (implements software fixes only) were also examined to determine optimal combination that resulted in delivery of both new capability as well as fixes to software. A combination of a major SCS combined with a minor SCS release will result in software anomalies being fixed quicker while delivering equivalent capability to the fleet over the 8 year life of the F/A-18 Flight Plan. While most of the criteria we analyzed indicated longer SCS release intervals were optimal, there were some criteria that indicated short SCS release intervals were optimal. Analyzing current program capability roadmaps, from all stakeholders who implement capability on to the F/A-18 E/F, we determined that a 1 or 2 year SCS release interval best aligned with current program office capability road maps. As the SCS release interval increased to 4 years, program office capability road maps were misaligned with SCS releases, resulting in significant program cost and schedule impacts. Longer SCS release intervals will negatively impact the delivery of required capability to the fleet. The F/A-18 E/F is the lead platform for many new capabilities being released to the fleet. All capabilities implemented on the F/A-18 are tightly integrated with the SCS, and if F/A-18E/F SCS release interval is extended, the introduction of those capabilities will also be extended. Combining all the results from the different focus areas, we determined that a 36 month major / 18 month minor SCS release interval best balances capability, schedule, costs and external stakeholder impacts. However, due to limitations of the DOD acquisition process timeline, many program offices have developed acquisition plans based on existing SCS release timelines, and shifting them now could significantly impact those programs. As such, we performed additional analysis with SCS release interval impacts to current program capability roadmaps more heavily weighted, which indicated that a 24 month major / 12 month minor SCS release interval provided the best balance for all parameters (cost, schedule, performance and other program office roadmaps).
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Chladil, Martin. "Studium vztahu mezi vnitřní strukturou HDPE a odolností vůči rychlosti šíření trhliny SCG (Slow Crack Growth)." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217108.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis deals with the relation between structure and resistance to failure by the mechanism of slow crack growth (SCG) in HDPE. In the theoretical part there are summarized previously acquired knowledge about the production of PE and about the relation between structure and resistance to failure by the SCG mechanism. In the experimental part, three samples of HDPE with the same melt index MI and the same content of copolymer 1- hexene were synthesized by using three chromium catalysts commonly used for polymerization in industry. There samples were analyzed by GPC-IR-MALS and TREF in order to determine the distribution of side chain branches. The results were discussed with respect to the time to failure FNCT.
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Ndukwe, Olo. "Christian faith and social transformation : John Howard Yoder's social ethics as lens for revisioning the ecclesiological identity of the South Central Synod (SCS) of the Presbyterian Church of Nigeria (The PCN)." Thesis, Link to the online verions, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1361.
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