Journal articles: 'Screw extruder'

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Ab Ghani, Mohd Hafizuddin, and Sahrim Ahmad. "The Comparison of Water Absorption Analysis between Counterrotating and Corotating Twin-Screw Extruders with Different Antioxidants Content in Wood Plastic Composites." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2011 (2011): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/406284.

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Water absorption is a major concern for natural fibers as reinforcement in wood plastic composites (WPCs). This paper presents a study on the comparison analysis of water absorption between two types of twin-screw extruders, namely, counterrotating and corotating with presence of variable antioxidants content. Composites of mixed fibres between rice husk and saw dust with recycled high-density polyethylene (rHDPE) were prepared with two different extruder machines, namely, counterrotating and corotating twin screw, respectively. The contents of matrix (30 wt%) and fibres (62 wt%) were mixed with additives (8 wt%) and compounded using compounder before extruded using both of the machines. Samples were immersed in distilled water according to ASTM D 570-98. From the study, results indicated a significant difference among samples extruded by counterrotating and corotating twin-screw extruders. The counterrotating twin-screw extruder gives the smallest value of water absorption compared to corotating twin-screw extruder. This indicates that the types of screw play an important role in water uptake by improving the adhesion between natural fillers and the polymer matrix.

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Malik, M., and D. M. Kalyon. "3D Finite Element Simulation of Processing of Generalized Newtonian Fluids in Counter-rotating and Tangential TSE and Die Combination." International Polymer Processing 20, no. 4 (August 1, 2005): 398–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ipp-2005-0068.

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Abstract A full three-dimensional finite element analysis of the nonisothermal flow of generalized non-Newtonian fluids in counter-rotating tangential twin screw extruder is presented. Previous studies of the simulation of processing in tangential twin screw extruders have focused solely on the twin screw extruder, whereas here the coupled flow and heat transfer occurring in the integrated geometry of the extruder, connected to a die are considered. The FEM based numerical simulation of the coupled momentum-mass-energy conservation equations allowed the determination of the effects of some of the important system parameters, including the power law index and the staggering angle of the screws, on the pumping and pressurization capability of the extruder and the associated degree of fill in the extruder.

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He, Liang, Bai Ping Xu, Hui Wen Yu, Xiao Long Wang, and Gang Xue. "Development of the Novel Embedded Planetary-Screw Extruder." Applied Mechanics and Materials 373-375 (August 2013): 2092–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.373-375.2092.

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The novel second-generation embedded planetary-screw extruder prototype was successfully developed in the paper which had eight small planetary-screws and had the excellent degassing function. The numerical simulation of the three-dimensional flow and mixing in the metering zone was carried out for different screw configurations to determine the effect of the number of the small planetary-screws using CFD finite volume method technology. We improved the screw combination of the second-generation prototype according to the simulation results as well as the experimental investigations on first-generation embedded planetary-screw extruder we developed some years ago. The second-generation prototype can effectively improve the axial transport capacity and increase output of the extruder when compared with the first-generation prototype. The novel second-generation prototype can expand the scope of application and can improve the quality of processing material. The novel embedded planetary-screw extruders have a better application prospect.

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Ren, Jianhua, Junjie Zhao, and Xinyi Liu. "The application of genetic algorithm for the design of screw in twin-screw extruder." World Journal of Engineering 14, no. 5 (October 2, 2017): 451–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-05-2017-0115.

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Purpose With the twin screw extruder being widely used, there are a lot of parameters considered in the method, and the extruder’s volume is an important parameter of twin screw extruders among them. In this paper, some of the extruder parameters such as the impacting extruder volume are introduced, and the mathematical relationship in these parameters is interpreted. The minimum power consumption is the goal of the authors’ structural design. Design/methodology/approach This paper further applies genetic algorithm, a kind of intelligent optimization methods, to obtain the most optimized design dimension, and power consumption function related to unit output of extruder is used as the optimizing target. Meanwhile, this paper takes channel depth of feeding section, channel depth of extrusion section affecting the energy consumption, the width of flight top and helix angle as design variables. Findings By using genetic algorithm, the optimal structure size is obtained, and the power consumption is minimum. Originality/value With the use of optimizing the structure, the power of consumption is reduced. This method has important economic significance and important social significance on energy saving.

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Gao, Yuan Lou, Xin Wang, and Li Zhou. "The Impact of Different Screw Edge Width on Extrusion Quality of the Single-Screw Extruder." Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (May 2014): 833–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.833.

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The screw edge width is usually selected based on experience when designing screw extruders, and it is difficult to get the best extrusion quality. The extrusion process of screw extruder is a process of multi-phase flow, which includes gas, liquid and solid. Making it simplified to single-phase flow process can cause relatively large error. This paper adopts the method of multi-phase flow to simulate the extrusion process of single-screw extruder based on different screw edge width by using the finite element analysis software, and get the conclusion that increasing the screw edge width appropriately under the condition that the production efficiency is acceptable is helpful to improve the extrusion quality of single-screw extruders.

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He, Liang, Bai Ping Xu, Hui Wen Yu, Xiao Long Wang, and Gang Xue. "Investigation of Mixing Performance in the Extruder with Embedded Planetary-Screws." Advanced Materials Research 781-784 (September 2013): 2809–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.781-784.2809.

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The novel geometrical configuration of embedded planetary-screws is proposed in the paper. The corresponding numerical simulation and the experimental investigation are carried out to characterize the mixing performance. Adopting commercial software FLUENT, the simplified physical model is presented with the boundary conditions imposed by UDF codes which are developed by us. Compared with the traditional single screw extruder, the flow and mixing are primarily investigated by using particle tracking technology. The sensitivity to initial positions is found in the novel screw configuration, which is caused by the periodic perturbation of planetary-screws. In contrast, the traditional laminar mixing occurs in single screw extruders. Compared with the traditional twin screw extruder, the experimental characterization of filled system of adding active nanometer CaCO3 into LLDPE matrix is conducted. No obvious difference in dispersion of CaCO3 is found when the extrusion samples are observed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), on the condition that the both extrusion outputs are equal. The shear rate in the novel screw configuration is relatively smaller, and the extrusion characteristic is more excellent.

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Peng, HQ, JH Yan, SD Zhang, and WJ Mo. "Degradation of recycled flame-retardant GFPBT during extrusion: Effect of screw types on the extrudate properties." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 36, no. 12 (March 10, 2017): 864–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684417693699.

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For both environmental and economic consideration, the use of recycled glass fiber-reinforced flame retardant poly(butylene terephthalate) (RGFFRPBT) is of significant importance. In the study, the mechanical, thermal, rheological, and flame retardant properties of RGFFRPBT granulated by different extruders were evaluated. To explore the relationship between the screw structure and the properties of the extruded RGFFRPBT, the carboxyl content (CC), and intrinsic viscosity ([Formula: see text]) of the processed polymer and the average GF length ([Formula: see text]) were investigated. Increasing the shear force of the extruder caused both [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] to decrease, whereas the CC increase. Variations of these parameters had a different effect on the properties of the RGFFRPBT. Both of mechanical and thermal properties of extruded RGFFRPBT deteriorated with the increase of screw shear force, while the thermal flowability improved. Furthermore, all the extruded products were classified as V-0 with LOI of 32.2%, and passed the glow wire ignition temperature test (GWIT). The results confirmed that the degradation of properties of RGFFRPBT can be controlled by screw-type extrusion. RGFFRPBT granulated by a single screw extruder with 30 mm diameter and length to diameter ratio of 30 was found to produce material with properties meeting the requirements for electronic and electrical applications.

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Kubota, Kazuhisa, Ryszard Brzoskowski, James L. White, Frederick C. Weissert, Nobuyuki Nakajima, and Kyonsuku Min. "Comparison of Screw Extrusion of Rubber Compounds with Different Extruder/Screw Combinations." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 60, no. 5 (November 1, 1987): 924–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3536165.

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Abstract The extrusion of rubber compounds has long been an area of industrial importance. There have, however, been few basic studies on the flow characteristics of rubber compounds. Considerably more extensive investigations have been reported on the mechanisms of screw extruders for thermoplastics. The latter researches are summarized in the monograph by Tadmor and Klein and the textbook of Tadmor and Gogos. Maddock, and others carried out experimental studies which led to basic flow mechanisms of thermoplastics in screw extruders. Maddock fed pigmented pellets to screw extruders and pulled screws from the barrel with the plastic stips in it, which were then unwound and cross-sectioned. Few screw-pulling investigations have been published for rubber compounds. We are only familiar with the work of Menges and Lehnen and our own recent studies. In the present paper, we describe a fundamental study of flow mechanisms in screw extruders for rubber compounds. We expand our studies based on the Maddock screw-pulling procedure, with rubber strips containing markers in a comparison of three different screw extruders. The placement of the rubber is recorded and the rubber sections examined for their flow patterns. This work also extends our earlier market experiments on flow of rubber compounds through dies. Our results on screw extruders exhibited both transverse flow patterns and sometimes showed a starved, partially filled screw. Our efforts in the present paper seek to generalize these results. We also describe a theoretical model for the flow of rubber compounds in a screw extruder and compare it to our experiments.

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Kushnir, V. G., N. V. Gavrilov, and A. S. Kushnir. "Substantiation of design parameters of extruder and determination of extrudate quality." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 83, no. 2 (February 15, 2016): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66118.

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The article reviews the designs of extruders and screws. It describes the main known methods of determination of material quality. As a technical solution improving the design of extruder, a double-threaded screw that should be installed in the material forming zone is proposed.

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Shin, Kyung Chul, and James L. White. "Simulation of Non-Newtonian Flow of Rubber Compounds in a Pin Barrel Screw Extruder." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 70, no. 2 (May 1, 1997): 264–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538431.

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Abstract A simulation is presented of flow of a rubber compound, modeled as a power law non-Newtonian fluid, in screw designs including screws with slices and a pin barrel extruder. Calculations were carried out using the flow analysis network (FAN) technique. Pressure fields, flux fields, and screw characteristic curves were determined. Introducing non-Newtonian (shear-thinning viscosity) characteristics reduces screw pumping ability. Slices in screw flights produce backward fluxes in the screw channel and reduce pumping capacity. Introduction of pins into the barrel has only a minor effect on screw pumping characteristics, and the pumping capacity of a pin barrel extruder closely resembles that in a screw extruder with slices in its screw flights.

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Zhu, X. Z., Y. D. He, and G. Wang. "Effect of Dynamic Center Region on the Flow and Mixing Efficiency in a New Tri-Screw Extruder Using 3D Finite Element Modeling." International Journal of Rotating Machinery 2013 (2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/258197.

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Three-dimensional finite element modeling of polymer melt flowing in a new co-rotating tri-screw extruder was established with mesh superposition technique. Based on the particle tracking technology, three typical particle trajectories in the tri-screw extruder were calculated using a 4th-order-Runge-Kutta method to study the dynamic motions of the particles. Then the flow visualizations in the local center region were carried out. Moreover, the dispersive, distributive and stretching mixing efficiencies of the tri-screw and twin-screw extruders were compared, respectively. The results show that when the particles move from one screw to another, there are great abrupt changes in the velocities and displacements, which induce the abrupt change in the stress magnitude. Most of particles, which are initially distributed in the inlet plane of the center region, fast flow out the outlet and don’t pass through any screw. This special phenomenon induces a series of new characteristics in the residence time distribution (RTD), flow number, segregation scale and time averaged efficiency. In comparison with the twin-screw extruder, the tri-screw extruder has better mixing efficiency.

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Ohara, Masatoshi, Yuya Sasai, Sho Umemoto, Yuya Obata, Takemasa Sugiyama, Shin-ichiro Tanifuji, Shin-ichi Kihara, and Kentaro Taki. "Experimental and Numerical Simulation Study of Devolatilization in a Self-Wiping Corotating Parallel Twin-Screw Extruder." Polymers 12, no. 11 (November 17, 2020): 2728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12112728.

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Devolatilization is an important process for separating and removing unnecessary residual volatile substances or solvents during the production of polymers using twin-screw extruders. Latinen proposed a surface renewal model to determine the concentration of volatile components in the extrudate of a single-screw extruder. When a twin-screw extruder is used to calculate the concentration, it is necessary to use the exposed surface area of the resin in the starved region of Latinen’s model, which, however, is difficult to estimate. In our previous work, we numerically determined resin profiles of the screws using the 2.5D Hele–Shaw flow model and the finite element method, which helps in estimating the surface area of devolatilization. In this study, we numerically analyzed the volatile concentration of the extrudate in a self-wiping corotating twin-screw extruder using Latinen’s surface renewal model along with our resin profile calculation method. The experimental results of the concentrations of the volatile component (toluene) in the extrudate of polypropylene agreed well with its numerical calculation with a relative error of 6.5% (except for the data of the lowest rotational speed). Our results also showed that decreasing the flow rate and increasing the pump capacity were effective for removing the volatile component. The screw pitch of a full-flight screw was not affected by the devolatilization efficiency with a fixed flow rate and screw speed.

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Widerøe, Fredrik, and Torgeir Welo. "An Investigation of the Material Flow in a Screw Extruder of Aluminium Using Contrast Material." Key Engineering Materials 504-506 (February 2012): 475–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.504-506.475.

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The material flow in a screw extruder of aluminium was investigated. Screw extrusion of aluminium is a new solid state process where granulate aluminium is consolidated and extruded in a single continuous process using a rotating screw as the pressure generating device. Understanding the material flow is vital for predicting the consolidation and welding process thereby making it possible to optimize screw and container design to increase the capacity, ekstrudate quality and process stability. Using a prototype screw extruder, aluminium alloy AA6060 was extruded together with contrast material using different feeding schemes to visualize the material flow. Material left in the extruder was inspected visually, sectioned and etched in NaOH to reveal the interaction between the contrast material and the AA6060. It was found that newly fed contrast material primarily displaced material in the centre of the screw channel and the extrusion chamber hereby revealing the main paths of the material flow. Areas of sticking friction, material dead zones and zones of slow material displacement rate were effectively identified using this method.

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Teodorescu, Nicoleta, Mariana Florentina Stefanescu, Cosmin Jinescu, Iuliana Marlena Prodea, and Iolanda Panait. "Extruder Functioning Parameters Modification in PE Recycling." Key Engineering Materials 699 (July 2016): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.699.25.

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The paper presents the extruder functioning point changing, resulted as the intersection of screw and extrusion head functional characteristics curves, during the processing of a polymeric material recycled many times, in comparison with the same polymeric material - first time extruded. The recycling could modify the slope of the screw characteristic curve. In the paper it is shown the modification of the screw characteristic, at the same screw speed, for a sort of HDPE, at a certain extruding temperature. Similar, there are modifications of the extruder head characteristics curves. So the extruder functioning point becomes quite different as the number of recycling increases, but it has to be situated in the head optimal working field.

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Hakim, Arif Rahman, Wahyu Tri Handoyo, Ahmat Fauzi, and Widiarto Sarwono. "Desain dan Kinerja Mesin Ekstruder Twin Screw untuk Pembuatan Pakan Ikan Terapung." Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian 7, no. 2 (March 31, 2020): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.19028/jtep.07.2.129-136.

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AbstractProduction of floating fish feed independently by fish farmer group currently constrained with types of extruders available. Single screw extruders used fail to produce floating fish feed. It caused by the extrusion process is not optimal due to either temperature or improper screw speed. An alternative solution is using extruder twin screw with temperature and screw speed can be controlled. The objective of the study is developing and assessing of twin screw extruder performance in producing floating fish feed. Principle work of extruders is conveying and mixing feed stuff to the dies under high temperature and pressure. The main component of extruder consists of a motor drive, screw, barrel, heater, dies, and cutter. Evaluation of extruder performance involve temperature, screw speed, engine power, and quality of feed produced that are floatability and unit density. The result of design and assessment are obtained prototype of twin screw extruders which have capacity 10,93 kg/h, stability temperature and screw speed, the power requirement is 5,17 kW, specific mechanical energy 136,11 kj.kg-1. Produced fish feed have floatability 96% and unit density 0,620 (mg/mm3). Abstrak Pembuatan pakan ikan terapung secara mandiri oleh kelompok pembudidaya saat ini terkendala jenis ekstruder yang tersedia. Ekstruder single screw yang digunakan belum bisa menghasilkan pakan ikan terapung. Karena proses ekstrusi yang tidak optimal baik disebabkan suhu maupun putaran screw yang tidak tepat. Sebagai alternatif ialah dengan menggunakan ekstruder twin screw dengan suhu dan putaran yang bisa dikontrol. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan dan menguji kinerja ekstruder twin screw dalam memproduksi pakan ikan terapung. Prinsip kerja dari ekstruder adalah mendorong dan mengaduk bahan pakan menuju dies dalam kondisi tekanan dan panas yang tinggi. Komponen utama ekstruder terdiri dari motor penggerak, twin screw, barrel, element pemanas, dies dan pemotong. Pengujian kinerja meliputi suhu, kecepatan screw, daya mesin serta kualitas pakan yang dihasilkan berupa daya apung dan unit density. Hasil desain dan pengujian diperoleh mesin ekstruder dengan kapasitas 10,93 kg/jam, suhu dan putaran screw stabil saat dioperasikan, kebutuhan daya sebesar 5,17 kW, specific mechanical energy 136,11 kj.kg-1. Pakan ikan yang dihasilkan memiliki daya apung 96 % dan unit density 0,620 (mg/mm3).

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Kadyirov, Aidar, Rustem Gataullin, and Julia Karaeva. "Numerical Simulation of Polymer Solutions in a Single-Screw Extruder." Applied Sciences 9, no. 24 (December 11, 2019): 5423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9245423.

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Single-screw extruders are the most common equipment used for polymer extrusion. The study of the hydrodynamics of a polymer melts flow in the extruder channel is the basis for modeling and understanding the extrusion process. In general form, the extruder includes a straight section with a screw installed in it. In this study, the three-dimensional mathematical modeling of the polymer solutions flow in the metering zone of a single-screw extruder is performed. The influences of the screw geometry (L/D2 = 1…3) on the flow structure and the pressure drop are analyzed under a speed rotation up to 60 rpm. Aqueous solutions of 0.5% polyacrylamide (0.5% PAA) and 1.5% sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose (1.5% CMC) are considered as the working fluid.

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Vergnes, B., G. Souveton, M. L. Delacour, and A. Ainser. "Experimental and Theoretical Study of Polymer Melting in a Co-rotating Twin Screw Extruder." International Polymer Processing 16, no. 4 (August 1, 2001): 351–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ipp-2001-0006.

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Abstract The flow of molten polymers in corotating twin screw extruders has been largely studied, but little attention has been paid until now to the melting process. In the present work, we develop an experimental study of melting in twin screw extruders, including pressure and temperature measurements, dead-stop experiments and sampling, observation of cross sections and quantification of solid fraction. The influences of process parameters (screw speed and feed rate), screw profile, pellets size and extruder size are also investigated. An original model of the melting process is proposed, deduced from these observations. This model allows one to calculate the evolution of mean shear rate, pressure gradient, dissipated energy, pellet radius and both solid and liquid temperatures along the screws, for a sequence of right- and left-handed screw elements and blocks of kneading discs. The results of the model are in good agreement with the experiments.

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Sikora, Janusz W., Bronisław Samujło, and Andrzej Stasiek. "The extrusion of plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) in an extruder with a modified feed zone. Part 1: extrusion process." Journal of Polymer Engineering 35, no. 2 (March 1, 2015): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2014-0133.

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Abstract The work presents the results of experimental studies of plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) extruded by a single-screw extruder with a modified feed section. The variable factors were the feed opening width, the feed pocket depth in the extruder barrel, and the rotational speed of the screw. The following parameters were studied: extrudate temperature Tw (°C), screw torque M (Nm), polymer mass flow rate G (kg/h), unit consumption of energy supplied to the extruder Ejc (J/g), and extrusion process energy efficiency κ (%). It was found that the increase in the depth of the pocket and the decrease in the width of the feed opening influence the extrusion process in a positive way.

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Yuan, Qiang, Dong Yang Wu, Stuart Bateman, Shirley Zhiqi Shen, C. Gloria-Esparza, and Kenong Xia. "Effect of Processing Method on Conductivity and Mechanical Properties of Glass Fibre Reinforced Carbon Black Filled Polyethylene." Advanced Materials Research 32 (February 2008): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.32.131.

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The conductivity and mechanical properties of carbon black (CB) filled polyethylene (PE) composites depend on the conductive filler, molecular structure of polymer matrix, and the processing methods which are applied. CB filled high density polyethylene without and with glass fibre (GF) composites have been manufactured using single and twin screws extruder. The composite made from the single screw extruder showed a much higher conductivity than that made from twin screws extruder for CB/PE composites with and without glass fibre. The conductive paths are formed at very low CB content (1wt% CB for GF/CB/PE) when using single screw extruder to manufacture. The microstructure of these composites were analysed using SEM.

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Campbell, G. A., C. Wang, H. Cheng, M. Bullwinkel, and M. A. te-Riele. "Investigation of Flow Rate and Viscous Dissipation in a Single Screw Pump-Extruder." International Polymer Processing 16, no. 4 (August 1, 2001): 323–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ipp-2001-0003.

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Abstract The focus of this investigation was to determine the effect of barrel rotation and screw rotation on the flow rate and viscous dissipation inside the screw pump-extruder. The screw pump-extruder was built to allow for barrel rotation and screw rotation independently. A Newtonian fluid, Polypropylene glycol, was chosen as the working fluid. The experimental results can be summarized by noting that the pumping capacity of the device was independent of which element was rotated at constant angular velocity and that barrel rotation generated higher temperature rise than screw rotation for the two screws evaluated. Also this analysis suggested that a large amount of viscous dissipation inside this extruder arises from the clearance flow. A new analytical model was proposed to evaluate the viscous dissipation for screw rotation. Calculations using this new mathematical model provided good agreement with the experimental data for both barrel and screw rotation.

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Kabdusheva, A. S., and A. K. Kurmanov. "THEORETICAL STUDIES OF A DEVICE FOR THE EXTRUSION OF WHEAT GRAIN." Bulletin of the Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University 59, no. 4 (2021): 144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.52081/bkaku.2021.v59.i4.107.

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The extrusion of the raw material mass makes it possible to obtain full-fledged feed mixtures balanced in nutrients and useful substances, having a long shelf life (more than six months) without reducing the basic qualities. For the most efficient production of animal products, rational use of feed is necessary, which includes methods to increase their biological and nutritional value. The balance of the extruded feed and its high nutritional value provide a significant increase in the productivity of farm animals and poultry. The desire to increase the productivity of a single-screw extruder, the efficiency of preparing a feed mixture, and reducing the cost of producing a feed mixture is an urgent task that depends on the design parameters of the extruder, in particular on the design of the working body - the auger. (Research purpose) To reduce the leakage of material between the inner surface of the extruder housing and the edge of the screw screw of the extruder during the extrusion of feed. The estimated indicator "specific productivity" is proposed, its application makes it possible to objectively determine the efficiency of the extruder and establish a relationship between productivity and power costs for the extrusion process. (Conclusions) A screw design has been developed where the edge of the extruder screw adjacent to the housing is made grooved, which will reduce the energy intensity of the process and increase the extrusion productivity.

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N. Nazaruddin and Sulaiman. "DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE OF A FISH PELLET MACHINE WITH A SCREW EXTRUDER METHOD CAPACITY OF BATTER 2.35 TONS/HOUR." Jurnal Teknologika 10, no. 2 (November 26, 2020): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.51132/teknologika.v10i2.88.

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The design of this fish pellet production machine is based on the working principle of a screw extruder. The working principle of this screw extruder is used for compaction by pushing the dough in the mold which ultimately results in fish pellets in accordance with the size of the mold hole continuously. Screw extruder is made by cutting the steel plate to form a ring. Then the steel plate is spiral formed by heat treatment and then welded to the screw extruder shaft. A binding pellet machine with screw extruder method has been successfully made with components in the form of hopper, screw extruder, screw cylinder, reducer, motor and mold plate. The screw extruder is capable of delivering the dough material at 2.23 m3/hour with a rotation of 35 rpm with a screw diameter of 6 inch. This fish pellet is driven by an electric motor with 1 HP power. This electric motor will drive the reducer, then turn the screw extruder. This fish pellet production machine has produced a fish pellet production capacity of 2,35 ton/hour

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Mours, M., D. Reinelt, H. G. Wagner, N. Gilbert, and J. Hofmann. "Melt Conveying in Co-rotating Twin Screw Extruders." International Polymer Processing 15, no. 2 (April 1, 2000): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ipp-2000-0003.

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Abstract Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based on a finite-volume method was used to simulate three-dimensional pressure and velocity fields for non-Newtonian fluids in fully filled screw elements in a co-rotating twin screw extruder. The employed method also allows the calculation of temperature fields for non-isothermal flow which requires a non-steady state calculation. The CFD code was first evaluated on simple flow cases such as flow of a Newtonian or non-Newtonian fluid through a cylindrical die or flow in single screw extruders equipped with different screws. The results agreed very well with analytical calculations (die flow) and experimental results (single screw extruder). In a next step, we wanted to establish the reliability of the numerical results for twin screw extruders by performing experiments on a 40 mm and a 58 mm screw diameter machine. Temperature and pressure distribution along the screw in the fully filled section in front of the die were measured. Melt conveying in several screw elements (different pitches) was studied for different materials (amorphous polystyrene and partially crystalline polypropylene) at various flow rates and screw speeds. It was attempted to measure axial pressure build-up for flow rates from nearly zero to beyond the drag capacity of the specific element. The measured bulk values of pressure were then compared to the corresponding values extracted from the CFD simulation results. So far, only isothermal calculations (at different temperatures) have been performed. The temperature profile along the screw was determined by calculating the energy dissipation in isothermal slices and converting the dissipated energy into internal energy (temperature increase, neglecting heat losses at the wall). General agreement between experimental and numerical results is good.

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Gao, Yuan Lou, Xin Wang, and Li Zhou. "The Effect of Screw Speed on Extrusion Quality of the Single-Screw Extruder." Advanced Materials Research 941-944 (June 2014): 1715–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.941-944.1715.

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This paper adopts the method of multi-phase flow to simulate the extrusion process of single-screw extruder based on different screw speed by using the finite element analysis software, and get the conclusion that the screw speed has a significant effect on the extrusion quality and outlet pressure of the single-screw extruder. With the increase of the screw speed, the extrusion quality of the single-screw extruder gets worse and the outlet pressure of the single-screw extruder increases.

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PATHI, SRIDHAR, and KRISHNAN JAYARAMAN. "EFFECTS OF EXTRUSION ON FIBRE LENGTH IN SISAL FIBRE-REINFORCED POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 20, no. 25n27 (October 30, 2006): 4607–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979206041768.

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Natural fibre reinforced thermoplastic composites find a wide array of applications in the automobile, building and construction industries. These composites are mostly produced by injection moulding or extrusion through properly designed dies. During these production processes, the shear forces exerted by the screw or ram leads to the degradation of the natural fibres. A screwless extruder that minimises fibre degradation and employs a reliable and low technology process has already been developed. However, the fibre degradation caused by the screwless extruder has not been compared with that of the conventional extruders. So, this study is focused on the influence of extrusion processes on the degradation of natural fibres in thermoplastic composites. Sisal fibres of 10 mm length were extruded with polypropylene, to furnish extrudates with a fibre mass fraction of 25%, using conventional single screw and screwless extruders. Polypropylene in the extrudates was dissolved in Xylene in a Sohxlet process; the fibres that were extracted were analysed for length variations. While fibre degradation in the form of fibre length variation is similar in both cases, this can be minimised in screwless extrusion by extending the gap between the front face of the cone and the orifice plate.

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26

RYU, DOJIN, MILFORD A. HANNA, and LLOYD B. BULLERMAN. "Stability of Zearalenone during Extrusion of Corn Grits†." Journal of Food Protection 62, no. 12 (December 1, 1999): 1482–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-62.12.1482.

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The effects of extrusion cooking on the stability of zearalenone (ZEN) in spiked (4.4 μg/g) food-grade corn grits were investigated using a twin screw extruder. A ground rice culture material containing a high level of ZEN was used to spike the corn grits. The extrusion variables were screw type (mixing and nonmixing), temperature (120, 140, and 160°C), and moisture content (18, 22, and 26%). Both unextruded and extruded samples were analyzed for ZEN by high-performance liquid chromatography. Extrusion cooking of the corn grits resulted in significant reductions of ZEN in grits extruded with either mixing screws or nonmixing screws, but use of mixing screws was somewhat more effective (66 to 83%) overall than nonmixing screws (65 to 77%). Greater reduction of ZEN was observed at either 120 or 140°C than at 160°C. The moisture content of corn grits was not a significant factor affecting reduction of ZEN during extrusion with either mixing or nonmixing screws.

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27

Choi, Jin Ho, Seung Hyun Choi, Kyung Seok Song, and Jae Yeol Kim. "A Structural Improvement of Breaker Plates and Analysis of their Dynamic Properties in Polymer Tube Extruders." Advanced Materials Research 79-82 (August 2009): 2211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.79-82.2211.

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For the analysis of various extruder models are used not only testing, but also diverse simulation techniques. Of them, the three-dimensional technique is widely used recently. In this study, the breaker plate in a polymer resin extruder was analyzed. The breaker plate changes the rotational motion of the polymer resin extruded from the screw barrel into a straight line motion before it passes through the die. Also, the size and number of circular holes in a breaker plate directly affect polymer resin extrusion molding. In this study, a 3-D modeling was used to conduct the structural improvement of breaker plates, and the thermal/flow analysis program CFdesign was used to conduct a dynamic property analysis in a bid to achieve the production stability of extruders.

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28

Darianto, Darianto, Amirsyam Nasution, and Muhammad Idris. "Analisis Temperatur Pada Proses Extruding Pelet Apung." JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING MANUFACTURES MATERIALS AND ENERGY 5, no. 2 (December 22, 2021): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/jmemme.v5i2.5205.

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Extruder is a device that consists of a screw (a type of pressure screw), the thread functions as a propulsion and presses the raw material so that it turns into a semi-solid material. The material is pushed and pressed out through a confined hole (die) at the thread end. The heater gives heat to the material being extruded which is called hot extrusion. The cutting knife is used to even out the size of the extruded cut, and the main feature of the extrusion process is its continuous nature. The extruder is operated under conditions of dynamic equilibrium, that is, the input equals the output, the incoming material is equivalent to the product.

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29

Huang, Zan. "Dynamics Analysis of the Melt Conveying Process in a Novel Extruder." International Journal of Polymer Science 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/714356.

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This study investigates dynamics of the melt conveying process in a novel extruder in which a polymer experiences a primarily elongational deformation field. The working principle of the novel extruder is completely different from that of conventional screw extruders. At the last stage of polymer processing in the proposed novel extruder, melt is conveyed through feeding and discharging processes. Here we present a mathematical model to analyze dynamics in the melt conveying process. Melt extrusion is primarily influenced by the position of vane chamber and the structural parameters of the novel extruder such as eccentricity.

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30

Okubo, Hikaru, Haruka Kaneyasu, Tetsuya Kimura, Patchiya Phanthong, and Shigeru Yao. "Effects of a Twin-Screw Extruder Equipped with a Molten Resin Reservoir on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Recycled Waste Plastic Polyethylene Pellet Moldings." Polymers 13, no. 7 (March 27, 2021): 1058. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13071058.

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Each year, increasing amounts of plastic waste are generated, causing environmental pollution and resource loss. Recycling is a solution, but recycled plastics often have inferior mechanical properties to virgin plastics. However, studies have shown that holding polymers in the melt state before extrusion can restore the mechanical properties; thus, we propose a twin-screw extruder with a molten resin reservoir (MSR), a cavity between the screw zone and twin-screw extruder discharge, which retains molten polymer after mixing in the twin-screw zone, thus influencing the polymer properties. Re-extruded recycled polyethylene (RPE) pellets were produced, and the tensile properties and microstructure of virgin polyethylene (PE), unextruded RPE, and re-extruded RPE moldings prepared with and without the MSR were evaluated. Crucially, the elongation at break of the MSR-extruded RPE molding was seven times higher than that of the original RPE molding, and the Young’s modulus of the MSR-extruded RPE molding was comparable to that of the virgin PE molding. Both the MSR-extruded RPE and virgin PE moldings contained similar striped lamellae. Thus, MSR re-extrusion improved the mechanical performance of recycled polymers by optimizing the microstructure. The use of MSRs will facilitate the reuse of waste plastics as value-added materials having a wide range of industrial applications.

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31

Rajput, Sunil G. "Finite Element Analysis of Twin Screw Extruder." Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, no. 6 (October 1, 2011): 205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/june2013/68.

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32

Pranoto, Hadi, Zainal Arifin, and Henry Carles. "Innovation Design and Development of PET Plastic Waste Processing Machines by Extruder Method." International Journal of Advanced Technology in Mechanical, Mechatronics and Materials 1, no. 3 (January 1, 2021): 90–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.37869/ijatec.v1i3.32.

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According to the Ministry of Environment (KLH), Indonesia's average population produces 189 thousand tons of garbage per day. Of this amount, 15% is plastic waste or 28.4 thousand tons of plastic waste per day. The famous handling of plastic waste is 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle). Reduce is reducing the purchase or use of goods made from plastic, especially disposable items. Reuse is the repeated use of plastic-based items. Recycle is recycling goods made of plastic. The method used in this design study is to use SolidWorks software by combining the literature study VDI221 to obtain a variant of the design results that will be used. The study results do a plastic bench machine that is integrated to produce plastic seeds, which are PET-shaped, which are extruded in a device that has been brewed. From the results of the design in the data processing and design specifications of the PET plastic waste-processing machine with the extruder method, the construction consists of several units, namely, Shredder unit, Extruder unit, Cutter unit, and Machine frame. The shredder unit serves to destroy plastic waste that is still intact in pieces before being processed in the extruder unit. The extruder unit functions to melt PET waste to be extruded using a screw. The cutter unit operates to cut processed extrusion waste into pellet granules. The engine frame is used to support the entire engine unit. The results of the Plastic Waste Extruder Machine design process with an Autodesk inventor are summarized in the following specifications: machine dimensions are 1625 mm long, 300mm wide, and 1325mm high; screw extruder uses a metering screw type with a diameter of 50.8mm (2 inches) with a length: diameter ratio of 20: 1, so the screw length is 1016mm, estimated throughput rate = 84 lb/h (42kg / h), the motor used is 5.5 PK (4 KW) with a rotation speed of 1450.

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33

Shashidhara, G. M., K. G. Pradeepa, Rupalika Goel, R. Bharath, Arun Dhumal Rao, and R. Abhilash. "Comparative study on the properties of PVC/TPU blends prepared by single screw and twin screw extruder." Material Science Research India 7, no. 2 (February 8, 2010): 457–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/msri/070216.

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In this work, we have compared the mechanical and thermal properties PVC/TPU blends with variable weight ratio prepared using single screw and twin screw extruder. Two grades of TPUs differing in hardness (Shore A hardness 66 and 85) are used in making the blends. The tensile strength of PVC/TPU-1 and PVC/TPU-2 blends obtained from twin screw extruder is higher by 39% - 98% and 89% - 143% than that obtained from single screw extruder, which indicates intimate mixing of two phases in twin screw extruder. Beyond 30 % of TPU content, the blends of TPU-2 (high hardness grade) exhibit relatively high modulus compared to blends of TPU-1. The blends prepared by twin screw extruder were relatively harder. The rebound resilience of blends prepared by twin screw extruder was found to be always more. The rebound resilience of PVC/TPU-1 blends is relatively more compared to PVC/TPU-2 blends due to more number of soft segments in TPU-1. The blends were also characterized by abrasion resistance, MFI, DSC and TEM.

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34

Chen, Rong Yuan, Zan Huang, Wei Zou, Hai Chen Zhang, and Jin Ping Qu. "Preparation of Polypropylene/Sisal Fiber Composites and Study on the Fiber Orientation." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 581–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.581.

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The polypropylene/sisal fiber composites were prepared by twin screw extruder and vane extruder, respectively. The tensile test specimens perpendicular to the extrusion direction and parallel to the extrusion direction were prepared from the extruded composites, respectively. SEM observation showed that fiber orientation of sisal fiber in the composites was not obvious when the content of sisal fiber not more than 15wt%. When the content of sisal fiber was 15wt%, the ability to orientate of sisal fiber in the composite prepared by vane extruder was better than that of in the composite prepared by twin screw extruder, which the fiber orientation of sisal fiber was obvious along the extrusion direction in the composite. Tensile tests showed that the tensile properties of the composite parallel to the extrusion direction with 15wt% sisal fiber prepared by vane extruder were the best compared with other composites in this work. The results illustrated that the orientation of sisal fiber in the composites was beneficial to the improvement of the tensile properties of the composites.

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35

Demirci, Abdullah, Ismail Teke, Nickolas D. Polychronopoulos, and John Vlachopoulos. "The Role of Calender Gap in Barrel and Screw Wear in Counterrotating Twin Screw Extruders." Polymers 13, no. 7 (March 24, 2021): 990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13070990.

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It has been known in the industrial sector that in closely intermeshing counterrotating twin screw extruders, large separating forces develop in the calender gap, which push the screws towards the barrel wall. The result is significant wear in the region defined by 30°- and 60°-degree angles from the vertical. In the present investigation, pressures were measured around the barrel in extrusion of two rigid PVC resins in a laboratory extruder of 55 mm diameter and the forces on the screw core were determined. Numerical flow simulations were also carried out using the power-law viscosity parameters of the resins. From the experimental results, it was determined that the resultant forces are in the 30 degree angle direction, and from the computer simulations, the angle is between 18° and 25°. It is argued that the resultant force angle will be somewhat larger in large diameter extruders, due to the additional contribution of gravity.

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36

Brzoskowski, Ryszard, Kazuhisa Kubota, Kiho Chung, James L. White, Frederick C. Weissert, Nobuyuki Nakajima, and Kyonsuku Min. "Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Flow Characteristics of Rubber Compounds in an Extruder Screw." International Polymer Processing 2, no. 3 (July 1, 1987): 130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ipp-1987-0004.

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Abstract We describe an experimental and theoretical study of the mechanisms of flow of rubber compounds in a screw extruder. Two compounds, a typical synthetic rubber (butadiene-styrene copolymer-cis-1, 4 polybutadiene) based passenger tire tread (PTT) and a natural rubber based truck tire tread (TTT), were investigated in a 1 1 2 ${}^{1}/{}_{2}$ inch NRM cold feed screw extruder using a screw with a constant channel depth and constant channel pitch along the whole screw length. The rubber was cured in place and the screw removed. The screw exhibited starvation behavior except near the die. The length of the rubber strip in the screw is proportional to the pressure developed at the die. Marker studies showed transverse circulating flows beginning in the region immediately downstream from the hopper. These observations indicate that cold feed extruders exhibit a metering region flow, albeit sometimes starved, from entry port to die. Under these conditions the extruder is independent of the pressure developed in the screw channel. A simple non-Newtonian isothermal mathematical model for the metering zone is described. The rubber compound is considered as a pseudoplastic material with a yield value. A comparison of theory and experiment shows that a one dimensional isothermal model quite accurately predicts the flow rate pressure development of the rubber compound in our screw (with a shallow prismatic channel) when starvation is considered. The yield value of the rubber compound influences screw characteristic curves only for very high values of the dimensionless pressure gradient.

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37

Zhu, Li Xue, Hong Yu Wei, Shao Ming Luo, and Chun Fang Zhao. "Simulation and Experiment of the Motion Characters in Twin-Screw Extruder." Applied Mechanics and Materials 799-800 (October 2015): 528–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.799-800.528.

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In the paper, a velocity and fluid flow status of the melting process in twin-screw extruder were analyzed. To explore the optimum producing parameters of expanding food, several models of the flow field and velocity of twin-screw extruder were created with fake plastic Newton fluid. Then the velocity distribution rules in the cavity space were simulated. With the valuable verification of experiments, the results showed that, the velocity distribution near the inner wall is uniform, and increases at the delivery of the extruder. The velocity rises in the teeth root than in the top of the screws. At the mesh field, the velocity was changed frequently. The experiment of popped extrusion verified the simulation conclusion.

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38

Sikora, Janusz W., and Tomasz Garbacz. "The effect of the geometry of extrusion head flow channels on the adiabatic extrusion of low density polyethylene." Journal of Polymer Engineering 35, no. 6 (August 1, 2015): 605–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2014-0276.

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Abstract Plastics extrusion can be divided into the following types: conventional extrusion (run at low speed of the rotating screw), adiabatic extrusion (screw speed is relatively high, yet the process requires the use of heaters) and high speed extrusion (extruder barrel requires cooling due to very high screw speeds). This paper presents the results of a study undertaken to investigate the adiabatic extrusion of low density polyethylene using heads with circular cross-section nozzles and different geometries of flow channels. In the experiments, we examined the temperature and pressure of the polymer in the plasticizing unit, as well as the relationships between the output, thermal power conveyed by the plastic, total power supplied to the extruder, extrusion efficiency, unit consumption of the total energy supplied to the extruder as well as the rotational speed of the screw and the extruder’s head geometry. It was found that the most favorable energy conditions, i.e., the highest efficiency of the adiabatic extrusion of low density polyethylene in the whole range of the tested screw speeds, are ensured when the head with the highest diameter and length nozzle is applied.

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39

Wang, Ping, Xiao Yang Shen, and Xian Liang Zong. "Optimum Design on Trapezoidal Thread Parameters of Co-Rotating Twin Screw Extruder." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.245.

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In order to design trapezoidal thread parameters of co-rotating twin screw extruder that is used in non-fused materials processing, based on geometry of fully wiped co-rotating twin screw extruder by M. L. Booy, the paper adopts tangential approximation method to determine the parameters of trapezoidal thread choosing tangent of especial point of normal section curve. And reasonable spans of oblique angle, actual top width of flight, channel depth and thread lead are determined by the optimum design with objective function of maximal theoretical flux. Experiments show that a co-rotating twin screw pulping extruder of trapezoidal thread designed by the method is easier to machine and measure, and pulp processed by the twin screw pulping extruder can meet the quality requirements. Thus, twin screw designed by the method reserves the main strongpoint of the fully wiped co-rotating twin screw extruder.

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40

Florenza, Dytha, Anerasari Meidinariasty, and Erwana Dewi. "Rancang Bangun Alat Screw Extruder Untuk Pembuatan Papan Partikel Campuran Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit dan Plastik LDPE." Jurnal Pendidikan dan Teknologi Indonesia 1, no. 10 (October 31, 2021): 403–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.52436/1.jpti.85.

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Screw Extruder merupakan mesin dengan penggerak motor DC dengan pemanas berupa band heater sebagai elemen utama dengan jenis plastic yang akan dilelehkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat alat screw extruder untuk pencampuran serbuk tandan kosong kelapa sawit dan plastik Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) menjadi papan partikel ukuran 20x10 yang memenuhi SNI 03-2015-2006 untuk pelapis dinding ruangan. Percobaaan dilakukan dengan tiga tahapan proses yaitu pre-treatment tandan kosong kelapa sawit, tahap pembuatan papan partikel dengan menggunakan alat screw extruder, dan tahap analisa papan partikel yang dihasilkan. Parameter yang diukur ialah kerapatan, kadar air, penambahan tebal, dan daya serap air dari papan partikel yang dihasilkan dengan variasi komposisi bahan TKKS:LDPE 20:80, 25:75, 30:70, 35:75, 40:60, dan variasi suhu extruder 250ºC, 270ºC, dan 290ºC dengan putaran screw tetap sebesar 20 rpm. Perancangan alat screw extruder ini memiliki kapasitas maksimal 19 kg/jam dengan putaran screw maksimal 100 rpm. Komposisi TKKS:LDPE 20:80 dengan suhu extruder 290ºC menghasilkan papan partikel dengan nilai kerapatan sebesar 0,75 gr/cm3 dengan kadar air minimum 0,11%, daya serap air minimum 13,04%, dan penambahan tebal minimum sebesar 3,05%. Dari variasi suhu extruder 250ºC, 270ºC, dan 290ºC yang telah dilakukan pada pembuatan papan partikel, didapatkan kondisi optimum yaitu pada suhu extruder 290ºC dan kondisi optimum variasi komposisi TKKS:LDPE adalah sebesar 20:80. Papan partikel yang dihasilkan dari alat screw extruder telah memenuhi SNI 03-2015-2006 dengan kondisi optimum suhu ektruder 290ºC dan kondidi optimum perban komposisi TKKS:LDPE adalah 20:80.

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41

Kocserha, István, and Ferenc Kristály. "Effects of Extruder Head’s Geometry on the Properties of Extruded Ceramic Products." Materials Science Forum 659 (September 2010): 499–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.659.499.

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A plastic brick clay with high clay mineral content was selected and the effects of different extruder heads on the main physical properties of the extruded products were investigated. The raw material was processed by a laboratory extruder after homogenization and wetting. Extruder heads with conical and special (spherical and torus) inner shape were applied to form and produce the green products which were examined after drying and firing. The rotation of the extruder screw was also varied between 15-55 1/min. Applying optical microscopy and SEM, the structure of the green products was analyzed. In addition to the physical properties of the products, the pressure caused by the extruder heads was determined by theoretical calculation and measurement. The results revealed that the physical properties of the products could be changed only by changing the shaping die geometry when the product size and production method remained unchanged. Maximal compressive strength of fired brick products (35.45 MPa) was obtained in case of the spherical head while the use of torus head caused some 5% decrease in the power consumption of the extruder. The density of fired products decreased and water adsorption increased when the rotation speed of the extruder screw was increased. The measurements confirmed the theoretical order of the applied extruder heads in terms of capability of pressure generation.

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42

Liu, Cheng-Ying, Shota Mikoshiba, Yutaka Kobayashi, Akira Ishigami, Daisuke Yorifuji, Shin-ichiro Tanifuji, and Hiroshi Ito. "Experimental Investigation and Numerical Simulation of a Self-Wiping Corotating Parallel Octa-Screw Extruder." Polymers 14, no. 6 (March 16, 2022): 1201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14061201.

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An octa-screw extruder (OSE) is equipment for pelletizing, blending, and mixing polymers and composites. In this study, the degree of resin filling, residence time distribution (RTD) of molten resin, and temperature profile in the octa-screw extruder were evaluated both experimentally and numerically. An intermeshing corotating parallel octa-screw kneading extruder was used for the experiments. For the comparison study, the results obtained from this extruder were compared with the twin-screw extruder. High-density polyethylene was selected as the material for extrusion. Meanwhile, a numerical code, based on a 2.5 D finite element method derived from the Hele–Shaw flow model, was developed to simulate the octa-screw extrusion process. The empirical outcomes suggest that octa-screw extrusion exhibited a narrower RTD of the molten resin compared with the twin-screw extrusion, suggesting better extrudate quality. The octa-screw extrusion also showed a lower temperature profile than twin-screw extrusion. The results of the simulation were also found to be in good agreement with experimental measurements. Experimental and numerical investigations of an OSE enable detailed comprehension and visualization of resin distribution in the entire length of the OSE, thus providing advantages in terms of process optimization.

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43

Rauwendaal, C., and J. Sikora. "The Adjustable Grooved Feed Extruder." International Polymer Processing 15, no. 2 (April 1, 2000): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ipp-2000-0004.

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Abstract Grooved feed extruders have been around since about the 1960s. These extruders offer considerable advantages over conventional extruders, such as higher throughput, better stability, and the ability to process very high molecular weight polymers. There are some important disadvantages as well, for instance, higher motor load, wear is more likely, high pressures in the grooved region, and the screw design has to be adapted. The disadvantages of the grooved feed extruder disappear when the grooved feed extruder is made with a mechanism that allows adjustment of the groove depth. This paper will report on the development of grooved feed extruders that incorporate an adjustment mechanism that allows the depth of the grooves to be changed, during actual operation, from zero to full depth. Operational data from actual extrusion experiments are presented.

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44

Wang, Guan Zhong. "The Study of the Extruder Screw for the Rubber and Plastics Blend." Advanced Materials Research 221 (March 2011): 582–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.221.582.

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The recent development in the fabrication of extruder, especially screw extruder, for the rubber and plastics blend were reviewed. A differential twin screw extruder was developed and employed for the rubber and plastic blend in the present work.

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45

Djafar, Alfian, and Mahrus Ali Fatoni. "PERANCANGAN MESIN SINGLE SCREW EXTRUDER UNTUK DAUR ULANG PLASTIK LDPE MENJADI FILAMENT FEED 3D PRINTING." Jurnal Ilmiah Teknologi dan Rekayasa 26, no. 3 (2021): 205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.35760/tr.2021.v26i3.4416.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan perancangan mesin single screw extruder kapasitas produksi 1,2 kg/jam. Selain itu, pengaruh temperatur terhadap hasil extrusi dengan material daur ulang LDPE dilakukan. Dalam proses perancangan mesin single screw extruder,dibutuhkan pengumpulan data desain single screw extruder awal. Selanjutnya, pengaturan skala dilakukan agar mendapatkan geometri desain single screw extruder secara aktual. Langkah selanjutnya adalah pengujian untuk mendapatkan temperatur optimal yang dibutuhkan untuk membuat filament dari material LDPE. Data yang digunakan adalah panjang barrel 600 mm, diameter barrel 48 mm, sehingga rasio L/D sebesar 12,5. Pengujian secara eksperimen dilakukan sebanyak 3 kali. Pada percobaan pertama, kedua dan ketiga masing-masing menggunakan temperatur 165°C-170°C,185°C-190°C, dan 205°C- 210°C. Hasil pengujian yang berhasil ditarik menjadi filament adalah pada percobaan pertama dan kedua dengan temperatur optimal untuk material LDPE pada mesin single screw extruder yang dirancang adalah 165°C- 190°C.

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46

Wen, Wei Gang, and Hui Juan Jia. "A Genetic Approach for Optimization Design of Gear System in Co-Rotating Twin Screw Extruder." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 685–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.685.

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According to the structure features of gear system in co-rotating twin screw extruder, the model of the gear system is built, and multi-objective optimization genetic approach based on the Pareto-rank is proposed to optimize the parameters of the gear system. The advanced optimal design method for the gear unit in co-rotating twin screw extruder is studied. A typical gear system in co-rotating twin screw extruder is designed, and the results show that the gear system meets the requirements in all aspects. This design method of the gear system is synthetic optimization for the gear system in co-rotating twin screw extruder.

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47

Li, Li, and Chuan Sheng Wang. "An Improved Mixing-Extruding Machine for Polyblends." Advanced Materials Research 87-88 (December 2009): 398–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.87-88.398.

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The improved mixing extruding machine is made up of mixer and unconventional double-cone screw extruder, which has both the excellent mixing capabilities and the continuous extruding characters. Its extruding part is an unconventional double-cone screw extruder, which are integrated double merits about double cone screw and single screw with strong feeding ability, stable extrusion pressure, supplementary mixing and more excellent quality of products. The pair of rotors and screws can be stepless speed regulating, which ensures match between the feeding capacity of the internal mixer and the extrusion output as well as the perfect mixing property. The mathematical model of the continuous mixing extruding can provide guidance for the actual production. The limitation of the batch-type production is overcome, and fulfilling the manufacture from the raw materials of polyblends to finished product in one machine.

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48

Fujiura, Takayasu, Ryosuke Nakamura, Tatsuya Tanaka, and Yoshihiko Arao. "Effect of Jute Fiber’s Thermal Degradation on the Fiber Strength and its Polymer Composites." Advanced Materials Research 1110 (June 2015): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1110.7.

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In this study, we investigated the effect of jute fiber’s thermal degradation on fiber strength and its polymer composite. First, we conducted a tensile strength test of a single jute fiber. Next, polyethylene and jute fibers were mixed by twin-screw extruder to make pellets. After making pellets, we used injection molding machine to make the test pieces. Tensile tests were conducted using injection molded sample. As a result, in the experiment of the single fibers, tensile strength of jute fiber monotonically decreased with increasing drying temperature. In case of composite, the tensile strength of molded sample increased with increasing control temperature in twin screw extrude in a range between 150°C ~ 220°C. When the temperature of twin-screw extruder was controlled above 300°C, pellets were burned black by thermal degradation and couldn’t fabricate the test piece.

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49

Steward, Edward L. "Grooved Feed Extruder Screw Performance." Journal of Plastic Film & Sheeting 5, no. 4 (October 1989): 275–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875608798900500405.

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50

Vinyar, I. V., and A. Ya Lukin. "Screw extruder for solid hydrogen." Technical Physics 45, no. 1 (January 2000): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1259579.

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