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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Screens'
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Starkey, Jennifer. "House of Screens." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/10090.
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A house in the mid-west located on the prairie.
A "get-away" from the busy city of Chicago, a place of quiet repose.
View of the horizontal is intensified by various planes of crops and the plinth.
Fields of crops descend in height to allow the house to rise up and breathe.
A simple grid provides inspiration and gives structure.
A house full of screens provides changing spaces and adjustable levels of privacy and protection.
Views of one screen layered with another provide changing patterns.Master of Architecture
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Nabulsi, Samih Muhib. "The behaviour of partially solidified aluminium-silicon alloys in a direct shear cell /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 1997. http://library.uq.edu.au/screens/nabulsi.html.
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Steffens, Marc Alexander. "Advanced process control for nutrient removal activated sludge processes /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 1997. http://library.uq.edu.au/screens/steffens.html.
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Raglianti, Felipe. "The alignment of screens." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2016. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/83056/.
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This thesis makes a distinction between screen and surface. It proposes that an inquiry into screens includes, but is not limited to, the study of surfaces. Screens and screening practices are about doing both divisions and vision. The habit of reducing screens to the display neglects their capacity to emplace separations (think of folding screens). In this thesis an investigation of screens becomes a matter of asking how surfaces and the gaps in between them articulate alignments of people and things with displays that, in practice, always leave something out of sight. Rather than losing touch with screens by reducing them to surfaces, in other words, I am interested in alternative screen configurations. For this task I sketch an approach that touches on screens through the figures of lines, surfaces, textures, folds, knots and cuts. Lines help me to make the case for thinking about screens as alignments. I then ask what kinds of observers emerge from reducing screens to single or digital surfaces. I trace that concern with Google Glass, a pair of “smartglasses” with a transparent display. To distinguish between screen and surface I suggest, through a study of biodetection and assistance dogs, how to qualify or texture screens within webs of relations. I further outline, with snapshots of my workplace and two screens named Vig and Ben, two modes of touching or un/en/folding their locations. Finally, with knots and cuts, I underline the unfolding of self checkouts in supermarkets, and the enfolding of automated tellers outside banks. All of these reconfigurations experiment with screens by moving sideways in order to approach their displays laterally, and make visible their (ab)use by those in power. This method is a way of grasping the embodiment and the materiality of screens, while responding to the practices, agencies, and affects aligned around, through, and away from their displays.
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Gerber-Morón, Olivia. "Subtitle segmentation quality across screens." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/665461.
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Es considera que la segmentació de subtítols, és a dir, la forma en què es divideix el text en un subtítol de dues línies, constitueix un dels paràmetres que influeix en la llegibilitat dels subtítols. Durant més de dues dècades, els experts en subtitulat han sostingut que les línies dels subtítols han de dividir-se seguint les regles sintàctiques per facilitar la lectura del text. No obstant això, la indústria audiovisual no té en compte sempre aquestes regles a l'hora de crear els subtítols. Existeixen dues raons que podrien justificar per què no sempre es posen en pràctica aquestes regles: el temps i l'esforç que requereixen els subtituladors per editar els subtítols, així com la necessitat de condensar el text per conservar les unitats de sentit en la mateixa línia. Les investigacions empíriques que s'han dut a terme fins ara no han aportat proves concloents sobre l'impacte directe que té la segmentació sintàctica en la lectura dels subtítols.
L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi doctoral és esclarir l'impacte de la segmentació de subtítols duent a terme noves investigacions amb elements que no es van prendre anteriorment en compte: un major nombre de perfils d'usuaris, dispositius amb diferents mides de pantalla i més mesures en el disseny experimental. Es van realitzar tres estudis empírics per determinar si la segmentació de subtítols és un element clau en l'accessibilitat als mitjans audiovisuals. Els dos primers estudis van investigar la importància de respectar les regles sintàctiques en espectadors amb diferents llengües maternes i diferents nivells de pèrdua auditiva. Es van prendre mesures de seguiment ocular, càrrega cognitiva, comprensió i preferències. El tercer estudi va analitzar la recepció de subtítols en dispositius amb diferents mides de pantalla. Es van avaluar els nivells de comprensió i les preferències de presentació de subtítols (centrant l'atenció en estils de segmentació) en cada dispositiu.
En general, els resultats d'aquests estudis semblen indicar que la segmentació de subtítols no és un factor determinant en l'accessibilitat dels mitjans audiovisuals. A pesar que els subtítols que no es divideixen sintàcticament augmenten en general la càrrega cognitiva i els moviments oculars, no afecten de manera negativa a la comprensió. Els espectadors aconsegueixen adaptar les estratègies de lectura independentment de l'enfocament emprat per segmentar els subtítols o de la mida de pantalla. Els resultats dels moviments oculars indiquen que les unitats lingüístiques es llegeixen de manera diferent segons la seva divisió a la pantalla, la categoria lingüística a la qual pertanyen i el perfil de l'espectador. Els resultats d'aquesta tesi doctoral analitzen els efectes de la segmentació en la interpretació dels subtítols i l'experiència de l'espectador en el panorama audiovisual actual en constant canvi. S'espera que aquesta tesi doni suport la necessitat de basar les recomanacions i les pràctiques actuals de subtitulat en investigacions empíriques per millorar la qualitat de l'accessibilitat dels mitjans audiovisuals.Se considera que la segmentación de subtítulos, es decir, la forma en la que se divide el texto en un subtítulo de dos líneas, constituye uno de los parámetros que influye en la legibilidad de los subtítulos. Durante más de dos décadas, los expertos en subtitulado han sostenido que las líneas de los subtítulos deben dividirse siguiendo las reglas sintácticas para facilitar la lectura del texto. Sin embargo, la industria audiovisual no tiene en cuenta siempre estas reglas a la hora de crear los subtítulos. Existen dos razones que podrían justificar por qué no siempre se ponen en práctica dichas reglas: el tiempo y el esfuerzo que requieren los subtituladores para editar los subtítulos, así como la necesidad de condensar el texto para conservar las unidades de sentido en la misma línea. Las investigaciones empíricas que se han llevado a cabo hasta ahora no han aportado pruebas concluyentes sobre el impacto directo que tiene la segmentación sintáctica en la lectura de los subtítulos. El objetivo de esta tesis doctoral es esclarecer el impacto de la segmentación de subtítulos llevando a cabo nuevas investigaciones con elementos que no se tomaron anteriormente en cuenta: un mayor número de perfiles de usuarios, dispositivos con diferentes tamaños de pantalla y más medidas en el diseño experimental. Se realizaron tres estudios empíricos para determinar si la segmentación de subtítulos es un elemento clave en la accesibilidad a los medios audiovisuales. Los dos primeros estudios investigaron la importancia de respetar las reglas sintácticas en espectadores con distintas lenguas maternas y diferentes niveles de pérdida auditiva. Se tomaron medidas de seguimiento ocular, carga cognitiva, comprensión y preferencias. El tercer estudio analizó la recepción de subtítulos en dispositivos con diferentes tamaños de pantalla. Se evaluaron los niveles de comprensión y las preferencias de presentación de subtítulos (centrando la atención en estilos de segmentación) en cada dispositivo. En general, los resultados de estos estudios parecen indicar que la segmentación de subtítulos no es un factor determinante en la accesibilidad de los medios audiovisuales. A pesar de que los subtítulos que no se dividen sintácticamente aumentan por lo general la carga cognitiva y los movimientos oculares, no afectan de manera negativa a la comprensión. Los espectadores consiguen adaptar las estrategias de lectura independientemente del enfoque empleado para segmentar los subtítulos o del tamaño de pantalla. Los resultados de los movimientos oculares indican que las unidades lingüísticas se leen de manera diferente según su división en la pantalla, la categoría lingüística a la que pertenecen y el perfil del espectador. Los resultados de esta tesis doctoral analizan los efectos de la segmentación en la interpretación de los subtítulos y la experiencia del espectador en el panorama audiovisual actual en constante cambio. Se espera que esta tesis respalde la necesidad de basar las recomendaciones y las prácticas actuales de subtitulado en investigaciones empíricas para mejorar la calidad de la accesibilidad de los medios audiovisuales.
Subtitle segmentation, i.e. the way text is divided in a two-line subtitle, is believed to be one of the features that influences the readability of subtitles. For over two decades, experts in subtitling claimed that subtitle lines should be split according to syntactic rules to facilitate the reading process. However, the subtitling industry does not always implement these syntactic rules when creating subtitles. Two reasons could explain why these rules are not always applied: human time and effort to edit subtitles, as well as considerable text reduction to keep units of meaning together in the same line. Previous empirical research on this topic has not provided conclusive evidence as to whether syntactic segmentation has a direct impact on the subtitle reading process. This PhD thesis aims to shed more light on the impact of subtitle segmentation by conducting further research with elements that had not previously be included: a wider range of user profiles, devices with different screen size and more measures in the experimental design. Three empirical studies were carried out to determine whether subtitle segmentation is a key element in Media Accessibility. The first two studies examined the relevance of following syntactic segmentation among viewers with different native languages and hearing statuses, measuring cognitive load, comprehension scores, eye-tracking variables and preferences in line breaks. The third study assessed the reception of subtitles across devices with different screen size, analysing viewers' subtitle layout (specifically focusing on line-break styles) preferences and comprehension. Overall, the results of these studies seem to indicate that subtitle segmentation is not a critical factor in Media Accessibility. Although non-syntactically segmented subtitles generally induce higher cognitive load and more eye movements, they do not negatively affect comprehension. Viewers are able to adapt their reading strategies regardless of the subtitle segmentation approach or the screen size. Eye tracking results demonstrate that linguistic units are processed differently depending on the way they are split on the screen, their linguistic category and the viewers' profile. The results of this PhD thesis discuss the effects of segmentation on subtitle processing and the viewer experience in the context of today’s changing audiovisual landscape. It is hoped that this thesis provides support for the need to base guidelines and current subtitling practices on empirical research evidence to enhance the quality of Media Accessibility.
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Reishus, John William. "Demarcating space : barriers and screens." Virtual Press, 1993. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/864906.
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The problem addressed by the student was the creation of private, separate spaces within a larger area. It was determined that folding screens could be utilized in a variety of settings and situations thereby providing a flexible solution.As the creation of the folding screens progressed, the student was exposed to ideas and motivating concepts within the artworld which influenced him to consider a more sculptural response to the problem. A shift of the emphasis from the purely functional to a viewer oriented. perceptual interaction with the sculptural space was the result; although the sculptures did not have the obvious usefulness of the folding screens, the student found the sculptures to be personally useful in his artistic development.The primary method of constuction utilized was welding. Several of the sculptures were the result of combining wooden elements and assemblages with welded steel. Sevendifferent artworks were created, three being folding screens and four being sculptural barriers.Department of Art
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Rousset, Francois. "CRISPRi screens in bacterial genomics." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS373.
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La génomique chez les bactéries a connu un véritable essor au cours de la dernière décennie grâce aux progrès des méthodes de séquençage de l'ADN. De nouvelles techniques expérimentales sont nécessaires afin de mieux comprendre la fonction des gènes. La découverte des systèmes immunitaires adaptatifs CRISPR-Cas chez les bactéries a conduit au développement de nombreuses technologies pour cibler un acide nucléique de manière séquence-spécifique. En particulier, l’enzyme dCas9 peut être guidée vers une séquence d’ADN par un court ARN nommé sgRNA afin d'inhiber l'expression d'un gène de manière spécifique, un mécanisme nommé CRISPRi. La présente thèse décrit le développement d'une technique de criblage haut-débit basée sur des collections de sgRNAs synthétisées et clonées en parallèle. Nous avons d'abord montré comment cette technique peut être utilisée pour identifier les gènes essentiels chez E. coli. Nous l’avons également utilisée dans le contexte d’une infection par différents bactériophages afin d'identifier les gènes nécessaires à l’infection. Alors que la majorité des études génomiques sont basées sur des souches modèles qui ne représentent pas la diversité de l'espèce, nous avons ensuite adapté un système CRISPRi compatible avec la majorité des isolats d’E. coli ou d’espèces proches. Une collection de sgRNAs ciblant ~3300 gènes conservés d’E. coli a été créée et utilisée dans une collection d'isolats naturels afin de déterminer l’impact de la diversité génétique sur l’essentialité des gènes conservés de l'espèce. Nous avons ainsi montré comment des gènes transférés horizontalement peuvent moduler l'essentialité de gènes conservés. Ces travaux démontrent le potentiel des criblages CRISPRi haut-débit en génomique bactérienneAdvances in sequencing technologies over the past decade have significantly expanded the field of bacterial genomics. In this context, new experimental methods are still required to better understand gene function. The discovery of CRISPR-Cas systems in bacterial adaptive immunity led to the development of a variety of biotechnological tools to target DNA in a sequence-specific manner. In particular, the dCas9 protein can be guided towards a target DNA sequence by short RNAs called sgRNAs to inhibit gene expression in a mechanism called CRISPRi. The present thesis describes the development of a high-throughput screening method based on the pooled synthesis and cloning of sgRNAs libraries. We first showed that CRISPRi screens can confidently predict essential genes in E. coli. We also exploited this method during infection by different bacteriophages to determine which host genes are required for a successful infection. While most genomics studies rely on model strains which fail to represent the genetic diversity of the species, we next developed a CRISPRi platform that is compatible with most isolates from E. coli and closely-related species. A sgRNA library targeting ~3,300 persistent genes from the E. coli species was designed and implemented in a collection of natural isolates to determine the impact of genetic diversity on the essentiality of core genes. We demonstrated how horizontally-transferred genes can modulate core gene essentiality. Altogether, this work shows the potential of high-throughput CRISPRi screens in bacterial genomics
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Karppinen, Jonas. "Discovering Social TV and Second Screens - Proposing an architecture for distributing second screen content." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-81073.
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Social TV is basically when social media is combined with TV shows. Second Screen refer to screens, such as smartphones, that is being used alongside the TV, or first screen. Surveys show that about 80% of TV viewers in the age of 18 to 24 use a second screen. This thesis covers what social TV and second screens are, and presents some of the implementations that is on the market today along with techniques used to implement them.There are many different solutions for how users can discover and connect to second screen content for specific shows. Some of these different ways are described, and a new unified way of discovering and connecting to second screen content is proposed. A prototype implementation of the proposal is also described.
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Wang, Xin. "Inferring cellular networks from phenotyping screens." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648275.
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Coelho, Kareena. "Frozen screens : discourses of Nunavummiut Internet." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2018. http://research.gold.ac.uk/24117/.
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This interdisciplinary project examines discourses of internet in Nunavut, a territory in Northern Canada. It has two main arguments: that internet in Nunavut is implicated in correlated discourses of frustration and potential, and that internet in the territory is articulated as having multiple faces and facets. Internet in Nunavut, this thesis argues, is experienced as a media technology, as a tool for communication, as political, as failing and frustrating, as online content, as physical infrastructure, and as potential. In making its arguments, the thesis engages with debates about internet governance, the cultural specificity of internet, and the definition of internet itself. Primary research methods for this thesis included: interviews conducted over the telephone or Skype in London (UK), face to face interviews in Ottawa, Toronto and Iqaluit, the analysis of archival materials (in particular, government reports), as well as a limited period of participant-observation at the Community Access Program site in Iqaluit (the capital of Nunavut). The first empirical chapter in the thesis (Chapter 4: “So frustrating”) examines narratives of Nunavummiut users concerning their experiences of internet; the second (Chapter 5: Fractious Collaborations) examines how some Northern internet activists have lobbied the federal government to alter its internet policy, as a means of tapping into Nunavummiut internet's potential; and the third (Chapter 6: A Local Connection) and final empirical chapter explores the Community Access Program (which provides internet access free of charge to the Nunavummiut public), as a means of linking macro-perspectives and discourses of internet.
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Tremblay, Clifford Allen. "Two Screens and an Urban Place." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33120.
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An exploration to utilize the notion of a screen in order to orchestrate an urban response, an urban mixed-use building. It is an investigation into the contradictions of materiality and the inherent values of organistic and rigid geometries and formations in terms of architecture and the facade.
Two screens make use of pattern, texture, and layering to create a sense of order and chaos within the same instance. This is most noticeable through the introduction of light, natural and artificial. These screens are a reflection of the ripples, webs, and vibrations of all human activity.
This is an investigation into repetition and layering, covering and wrapping, and ultimately creating an enjoyable environment to live, work, and play.
The program is quite simple. On the ground floor there is a grocery store, shops, and offices. On the upper levels, there are townhomes and apartments, one and two bedroom.Master of Architecture
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Cakir, Pinar. "Experimental Investigation Of Energy Dissipation Through Screens." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1015502/index.pdf.
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Screens may be utilized efficiently for dissipating the energy of water. In this
study, water flowing beneath a gate is used to simulate the flow downstream of a
hydraulic structure and screens are used as an alternative mean for energy
dissipation. Investigations are done conducting a series of experiments. The porosity,
thickness, and the location of the screens are the major parameters together with the
Froude number of the upstream flow. The scope of this thesis covers the situation
where there is a pseudo-jump formation. The experiments covered a range of Froude
numbers between 5 and 18, porosities between 20% and 60%, and location of the
screen up to 100 times of the undisturbed upstream flow depth. The thicknesses of
the screens used are in the order of the undisturbed upstream flow depth. The results
show the importance of each parameter on the energy dissipating performance of the
screens and the system. It is observed that screens dissipate more energy than a jump
within the range covered in these studies.
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Thomson, Gordon Grant. "Wave transmission through multi-layered wave screens." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0016/MQ54487.pdf.
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Li, Sirui, and 李思锐. "Attentive gestural user interface for touch screens." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50900080.
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Gestural interfaces are user interfaces controlled by users’ gestures, such as taps, flicks and swipes, without the aid of a conventional pointing device, such as a mouse or a touchpad. The development of touch screen technology has resulted in an increasing number of inventive gestural interfaces. However, recent studies have shown that well-established interaction design principles are generally not followed, or even violated by gestural interfaces. As a result, severe usability issues start to surface: the absence of signifiers for operative gestures, the weakening of visual feedback, the inability to discover every possible actions in the interface, as well as the lack of consistency, all of which are undermining the user experience of these interfaces thus need to be addressed.
Further analysis of existing gestural interfaces suggests that the sole dependence on gestural input makes interface design unnecessarily complicated, which in turn makes it challenging to establish a standard. Therefore, an approach to supplement gestures with user attention is proposed. By incorporating eye gaze as a new input modality into gestural interactions, this novel type of interfaces can interact with users in a more intelligent and natural way by collecting input that reflects the users’ interest and intention, which makes the interfaces attentive.
To demonstrate the viability of this approach, a system was built to utilise eye-tracking techniques to detect visual attention of users and deliver input data to the applications on a mobile device. A paradigm for attentive gestural interfaces was introduced to provide insights into how such interfaces can be designed. A software prototype with attentive gestural interfaces was created according to the paradigm.
It has been found in an experiment that the new type of interfaces helped users learn a new application faster, and modestly increased their accuracy when completing tasks. This provided evidence that attentive gestural interfaces can improve usability in terms of learnability and effectiveness
This study is focused on interfaces of mobile devices whose major input mechanism is a touch screen, which are commonly seen and widely adopted. Despite the fact that eye-tracking capability is not generally available on these devices, this study demonstrates that it has great potential to facilitate interfaces that are both gestural and attentive, and it can enable new possibilities for future user interfaces.published_or_final_version
Computer Science
Master
Master of Philosophy
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Johansson, William. "Development of interactive screens in rail vehicles." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-183366.
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This thesis consists of a product development project carried out in cooperation with Bombardier Transportation in Kingston, Ontario, Canada. The aim of this work was to develop a new infotainment system (information-based media content or programming that also includes entertainment content in an effort to enhance popularity with audiences and consumers) (David, 2005) for rail vehicles to counteract negative emotions such as boredom and impatience, and strengthen Bombardier's competitive rail market. Bombardier Transportation is originally from Canada and is the global leader with products and solutions within the rail industry. The work has had its focus on two areas; passenger’s experience of the new infotainment system and the construction of the protection enclosure of the proposed electronics. The development process by (Ullman, 2010) served as a base of the process which has been followed in this work, however, with an amplified focus on the users. Ergonomics studies were performed using the program ICIDO early in the process to investigate possible locations for screens on the trains as well as arrangement of seats. User Experience Prototyping was done in the middle of the project using cardboard and printed images to get a better understanding of important aspects of such a product to be successful in the market by the end users. A virtual prototype was developed where the windows of the train functions as interactive screens by usage of projectors. The prototype was assigned materials but also examined and evaluated within manufacturability, maintenance, and its economic aspects. The tests showed that the concept functioned as desired, but that there are also other aspects that need to be sorted out. The rail industry has numerous directions when it comes to installing electronics, but also when it comes to materials that may be used on board. This means that tests needs to be performed for each provision. None of this was done in this project because of the project's time constraints but need to be concluded in order to continue with the product development. The conclusion is that passengers, Bombardier and operators are optimistic towards the concept. The concept has advantages over current infotainment systems available on the market today as it provides larger screens, offers interactive features, has less impact on train interior, and increases advertisement revenues than traditional mass transit advertisement on billboards.Det här examensarbetet består utav ett produktutvecklingsprojekt som utfördes i samarbete med Bombardier Transportation i Kingston, Ontario, Kanada. Syftet med arbetet var att utveckla ett nytt infotainment system (Informationsbaserat medieinnehåll som även innehåller underhållning i ett försök att utöka populariteten med publik och konsumenter) (David, 2005) för spårbundna fordon för att motverka negativa känslor såsom tristess och otålighet samt förstärka Bombardiers konkurrens på tågmarknaden. Bombardier Transportation kommer ursprungligen från Kanada och är världsledande inom rälsindustrin med produkter och lösningar för alla ändamål. Examensarbetet har haft två fokusområden: passagerare och deras upplevelse av det nya infotainmentsystemet samt konstruktionen av skyddsinkapslingen av den tänkta elektroniken. Den utvecklingsprocess som beskrivs i (Ullman, 2010) har utgjort grunden för den process som har följts i detta arbete, dock med utökad fokus på användarna. Ergonomistudier utfördes med hjälp av programmet ICIDO tidigt i arbetet för att hitta möjliga platser att placera skärmarna på i tågen samt arrangemang av sitsar. En så kallad ”User Experience Prototyping” gjordes i mitten av projektet med hjälp av papp och utskrivna bilder för att få en bättre förståelse kring viktiga aspekter för att en sådan produkt ska vara framgångsrik på marknaden utifrån de slutgiltiga användarna. En virtuell prototyp togs fram där tågets fönster fungerar som interaktiva skärmar med hjälp av projektorer. Prototypen tilldelades även material och undersöktes samt utvärderades även inom tillverkningsbarhet, underhåll samt ekonomiska aspekter. Testerna visade att konceptet fungerade som önskat men att det även finns andra aspekter som behöver redas ut. Tågindustrin har många bestämmelser när det handlar om att installera elektronik men även när det kommer till vilka material som får användas ombord på tågen vilket medför att det finns tester för respektive bestämmelse som måste göras. Inga av dessa gjordes i detta projekt på grund av projektets tidsbegränsning men behöver göras innan en fysisk prototyp tas fram. Slutsatsen av projektet är att passagerare, Bombardier samt operatörer är positiva till konceptet. Konceptet har fördelar gentemot nuvarande infotainmentsystem som finns ute på marknaden idag då den ger större skärmar, är interaktiv, mindre påverkan på tågens inredning samt ger utökade reklamintäkter gentemot reklam på papp i tåg.
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Papadaki, Elena. "Curating screens : art, performance and public spaces." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2014. http://research.gold.ac.uk/11255/.
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Based on theoretical research (for example Fried 1967; Krauss 1979; Graham & Cook 2010; Mondloch 2010; Trodd 2011) and five distinctive art case studies (Videographies: The Early Decades [2005], China Power Station: Part I [2006]), performance ( ... some trace of her [2008]) and public spaces (Under Scan [2008] and Temenos 2012 [2012]) this thesis traces the interrelation between curating, institutions and exhibition practices through screen-based works, specifically using the term to denote screen media in physical space and within an arts context. The field of curatorship in relation to the above is foregrounded, paradigm shifts explored, and changing relationships between audience and display examined. In the five case studies, the curator is respectively a member of the permanent museum staff, a theatre director in collaboration with a video artist, an artist in collaboration with a team of assistants and technicians, and a filmmaker who re-enacts the vision he shared with his long-term partner. I argue that the role of the curator has moved away from being the solely the keeper of a museum to a more complex range of public activities and promotions just as screen media operates within an interdisciplinary field of practices. The thesis claims that the different spaces in which screen-based habitus operates need to be renegotiated. Blurring the boundaries between disciplines, I provide a conceptual framework and a rationale for analysing how screens can be curated by emphasising the challenges that arise when screens are no longer contained within a museum space. New juxtapositions between work, audience, and context emerge, which I question and place under scrutiny.
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Dillon, Andrew, Cliff McKnight, and John Richardson. "Reading from paper versus reading from screens." Oxford Journals, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105086.
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This paper reviews the literature on reading continuous text from VDUs. The focus is on the reported nature, and potential causes, of reading differences between paper and screens. The first section outlines the scope of the present review. Section 2 discusses the nature of the reported differences between reading from either presentation medium. Five broad differences have been identified suggesting that reading from VDUs is slower, less accurate, more fatiguing, decreases comprehension and is rated inferior by readers. Evidence for the existence of each of these differences is reviewed and conclusions are drawn. In Section 3, ten variables which have been proposed as potential causes of reading differences between paper and screen are reviewed. These include screen dynamics, display polarity, orientation, viewing angle and user characteristics. Recent evidence by Gould et al.11 is presented which suggests that the image quality of the screen display is the crucial factor and indicate that positive presentation, high resolution and anti-aliasing interactively affect performance by enhancing the quality of the displayed image. The implications of this work for screen presentation of text are presented.
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Dubin, Matthew. "Polychromatic image noise in rear projection screens." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289804.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation studies rear projection diffusing screens. We provide a methodology, a theoretical background, metrics, and experimental results to aid in the understanding and design of such screens. For this work, a theoretical model has been developed to predict local fluctuations of measured color that appear as image noise in projection screens. This predictive model is based on Fraunhofer diffraction along with Huygens' wavelet analysis and linear systems theory. Of importance are the figures of merit that have been defined and used to compare the theoretical predictions and experimental results. The range of validity of the model has also been determined. We set up an experiment to test the theoretical model. By experimentally varying the numerical aperture of the input illumination, color variations on screens have been measured and characterized. The results of both the experiment and the model show a strong relationship between the polychromatic image noise and the size of the illumination cone. As the size of the illumination cone was decreased from 6 to less than 0.1 millisteradians, there was more than a threefold increase in the figures of merit. Our model shows insight, validates and augments a common rule of thumb. It is often assumed that making the screen structure significantly larger than the coherence length of the source will result in a system with minimal noise. The model shows that this is correct, but it also provides predictions in the cross over region. This allows one to understand how the image noise in a projection system will change as screen designs are changed. Ultimately, this allows screen solutions to be assessed before they are reduced to practice.
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Mitrica, Iulia. "Video compression of airplane cockpit screens content." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021IPPAT042.
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Cette thèse aborde le problème de l'encodage de la vidéo des cockpits d'avion. Le cockpit des avions de ligne modernes consiste en un ou plusieurs écrans affichant l'état des instruments de l'avion (par exemple, la position de l'avion telle que rapportée par le GPS, le niveau de carburant tel que lu par les capteurs dans les réservoirs, etc.,) souvent superposés au naturel images (par exemple, cartes de navigation, caméras extérieures, etc.). Les capteurs d'avion sont généralement inaccessibles pour des raisons de sécurité, de sorte que l'enregistrement du cockpit est souvent le seul moyen de consigner les données vitales de l'avion en cas, par exemple, d'un accident. Les contraintes sur la mémoire d'enregistrement disponible à bord nécessitent que la vidéo du cockpit soit codée à des débits faibles à très faibles, alors que pour des raisons de sécurité, les informations textuelles doivent rester intelligibles après le décodage. De plus, les contraintes sur l'enveloppe de puissance des dispositifs avioniques limitent la complexité du sous-système d'enregistrement du poste de pilotage. Au fil des ans, un certain nombre de schémas de codage d'images ou de vidéos avec des contenus mixtes générés par ordinateur et naturels ont été proposés. Le texte et d'autres graphiques générés par ordinateur produisent des composants haute fréquence dans le domaine transformé. Par conséquent, la perte due à la compression peut nuire à la lisibilité de la vidéo et donc à son utilité. Par exemple, l'extension récemment normalisée SCC (Screen Content Coding) de la norme H.265/HEVC comprend des outils conçus explicitement pour la compression du contenu de l'écran. Nos expériences montrent cependant que les artefacts persistent aux bas débits ciblés par notre application, incitant à des schémas où la vidéo n'est pas encodée dans le domaine des pixels. Cette thèse propose des méthodes de codage d'écran de faible complexité où le texte et les primitives graphiques sont codés en fonction de leur sémantique plutôt que sous forme de blocs de pixels. Du côté du codeur, les caractères sont détectés et lus à l'aide d'un réseau neuronal convolutif. Les caractères détectés sont ensuite supprimés de l'écran via le pixel inpainting, ce qui donne une vidéo résiduelle plus fluide avec moins de hautes fréquences. La vidéo résiduelle est codée avec un codec vidéo standard et est transmise du côté récepteur avec une sémantique textuelle et graphique en tant qu'informations secondaires. Du côté du décodeur, le texte et les graphiques sont synthétisés à l'aide de la sémantique décodée et superposés à la vidéo résiduelle, récupérant finalement l'image d'origine. Nos expériences montrent qu'un encodeur AVC/H.264 équipé de notre méthode a de meilleures performances de distorsion-débit que H.265/HEVC et se rapproche de celle de son extension SCC. Si les contraintes de complexité permettent la prédiction inter-trame, nous exploitons également le fait que les caractères co-localisés dans les trames voisines sont fortement corrélés. À savoir, les symboles mal classés sont récupérés à l'aide d'une méthode proposée basée sur un modèle de faible complexité des probabilités de transition pour les caractères et les graphiques. Concernant la reconnaissance de caractères, le taux d'erreur chute jusqu'à 18 fois dans les cas les plus faciles et au moins 1,5 fois dans les séquences les plus difficiles malgré des occlusions complexes.En exploitant la redondance temporelle, notre schéma s'améliore encore en termes de distorsion de débit et permet un décodage de caractères quasi sans erreur. Des expériences avec de vraies séquences vidéo de cockpit montrent des gains de distorsion de débit importants pour la méthode proposée par rapport aux normes de compression vidéoThis thesis addresses the problem of encoding the video of airplane cockpits.The cockpit of modern airliners consists in one or more screens displaying the status of the plane instruments (e.g., the plane location as reported by the GPS, the fuel level as read by the sensors in the tanks, etc.,) often superimposed over natural images (e.g., navigation maps, outdoor cameras, etc.).Plane sensors are usually inaccessible due to security reasons, so recording the cockpit is often the only way to log vital plane data in the event of, e.g., an accident.Constraints on the recording storage available on-board require the cockpit video to be coded at low to very low bitrates, whereas safety reasons require the textual information to remain intelligible after decoding. In addition, constraints on the power envelope of avionic devices limit the cockpit recording subsystem complexity.Over the years, a number of schemes for coding images or videos with mixed computer-generated and natural contents have been proposed. Text and other computer generated graphics yield high-frequency components in the transformed domain. Therefore, the loss due to compression may hinder the readability of the video and thus its usefulness. For example, the recently standardized Screen Content Coding (SCC) extension of the H.265/HEVC standard includes tools designed explicitly for screen contents compression. Our experiments show however that artifacts persist at the low bitrates targeted by our application, prompting for schemes where the video is not encoded in the pixel domain.This thesis proposes methods for low complexity screen coding where text and graphical primitives are encoded in terms of their semantics rather than as blocks of pixels.At the encoder side, characters are detected and read using a convolutional neural network.Detected characters are then removed from screen via pixel inpainting, yielding a smoother residual video with fewer high frequencies. The residual video is encoded with a standard video codec and is transmitted to the receiver side together with text and graphics semantics as side information.At the decoder side, text and graphics are synthesized using the decoded semantics and superimposed over the residual video, eventually recovering the original frame. Our experiments show that an AVC/H.264 encoder retrofitted with our method has better rate-distortion performance than H.265/HEVC and approaches that of its SCC extension.If the complexity constraints allow inter-frame prediction, we also exploit the fact that co-located characters in neighbor frames are strongly correlated.Namely, the misclassified symbols are recovered using a proposed method based on low-complexity model of transitional probabilities for characters and graphics. Concerning character recognition, the error rate drops up to 18 times in the easiest cases and at least 1.5 times in the most difficult sequences despite complex occlusions.By exploiting temporal redundancy, our scheme further improves in rate-distortion terms and enables quasi-errorless character decoding. Experiments with real cockpit video footage show large rate-distortion gains for the proposed method with respect to video compression standards
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Bailey, Justin Mark. "The Influence of Development and Fan/Screen Interaction on Screen-Generated Total Pressure Distortion Profiles." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/25288.
Full textAbstract:
The rising interest in fan performance in the presence of total pressure distortion, a topic of fundamental interest for integrated airframe/engine architectures, has led to increased research in ground based testing environments. Included in these studies is the generation of simulated total pressure distortion profiles using wire mesh screens. Although the inlet duct development of total pressure distortion patterns has been studied in a historical context when distortion effects on engine performance were first of interest, these were typically simplified experimental studies for low-speed flows. To aid in the understanding of total pressure distortion development approaching a transonic fan face, a series of experiments were conducted to detail the development of such a profile downstream of the screen plane in the absence and presence of fan effects.
Presented is an extensive experimental set to detail (1) the evolution of a screen-generated total pressure distortion profile as it develops in a constant diameter inlet duct and (2) the effect that a single stage transonic fan has on the distortion development. Included is a detailed analysis of the distortion profile characteristics for increasing development length, and the behavioral changes of the profile when fan blockage is present near the screen plane. Recommendations are made regarding the placement of total pressure distortion screens relative to the fan face, and insights are given into the expected profile evolution. This work is a contributing part of an ongoing systematic investigation of fan performance when subjected to screen-generated total pressure inlet distortion.Master of Science
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Balkis, Gorkem. "Experimental Investigation Of Energy Dissipation Through Inclined Screens." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605384/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The main goal of the present study is to investigate the energy dissipation
through inclined screens. Recent studies have shown that screens arranged vertically
may dissipate more energy than a hydraulic jump does below small hydraulic
structures. In the present study a series of laboratory experiments were performed in
order to determine the effect of inclination of the screen on the energy dissipated by
the screen. The porosity of the screen used in the experiments is 40%. Inclination
angle, thickness of the screen, location of the screen, upstream flow depth, and the
Froude number of the upstream flow are the major parameters for the laboratory
experiments. Froude number of the upstream flow covered a range of 5 to 24. A
screen was located up to a distance 100 times the undisturbed upstream flow depth
from the gate and the thickness of the screen was changed in correlation with the
depth of upstream flow. The results of the experiments show that the inclination
parameter has an insignificant effect on the energy dissipated by the screen. Namely,
inclination of the screen does not contribute much in reducing the energy of the
flowing water further, compared to vertically placed screens.
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Gungor, Endam. "Experimental Investigation Of Energy Dissipation Through Triangular Screens." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12606093/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF ENERGY DISSIPATION THROUGH TRIANGULAR SCREENS
Güngö
r, Endam M.Sc., Department of Civil Engineering Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Zafer BozkuS Co-Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Metin Ger May 2005, 82 pages For the present study, a series of experimental works are executed to dissipate energy through triangular screens. Recent studies have shown that the implementation of the screen for energy dissipation is an effective way to extract out the excessive energy of water downstream of small hydraulic structures located in rivers of relatively negligible sediment content. In the present study, double screen arrangement with a porosity of 40% is used. The inclination angle of the screens is opted as 60 degree. The major parameters for the present study are upstream flow depth, location of the screen together with the supercritical upstream flow Froude number for a range covering from 7.5 to 25.5. The gate opening simulating a hydraulic structure is adjusted with various heights of 1 cm, 1.25 cm, 1.6 cm, 1.7 cm, 2 cm, 2.5 cm, 2.7 cm, 3.2 cm and 3.3 cm during the study. The results of the experiments show that the triangular screen configuration with the same pore geometry has no significant additional contribution on the energy dissipation as compared to vertically placed screens. Keywords: Screen, energy dissipation, triangular configuration, porosity, hydraulic jump, supercritical flow.
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Abdelhameed, A. S. "A computational treatment of incompressible flow through screens." Thesis, University of Salford, 1987. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/26488/.
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A numerical treatment of the full equations of the flow of an inviscid incompressible fluid through a shaped gauze-screen in two-dimensional and axisymmetric ducts is presented. The method although inviscid is aimed at the treatment of high Reynolds number flows in which significant regions of inviscid core flow exist. Viscosity is neglected except in the immediate vicinity of the gauze in which the highly viscous nature of the flow processes at the screen is introduced through gauze resistance and deflection coefficients obtained empirically. Two inviscid, rotational flow methods are used based respectively on Poisson and Euler equations in general curvilinear coordinates. The final form of the governing equations is fully elliptic and the equations are solved by an iterative technique requiring boundary conditions on both inlet and outlet boundaries and the duct walls. The numerical methods match the flow upstream and downstream of the gauze using formulation of the boundary conditions at the screen applied in the form of continuity equation, total pressure coefficient across the gauze and the deflection coefficient relationship. The numerical solutions based on both the Poisson and Euler methods have been achieved without linearization. Validation has been achieved using different methods of solution and comparison with experiment. Comparisons with the first-order solutions of the earlier linearized models have also been made. An inverse method (i.e. flow given, find the gauze shape) to determine the detailed shape of a gauze-screen based on the Poisson formulation is presented. The boundary conditions at the gauze are formulated inversely such as to satisfy the continuity equation, the loss in total pressure across the gauze and the deflection of the flow through the screen. The matching between the flow regions upstream and downstream of the screen has been achieved by using the inverse formulation of the gauze boundary conditions. The numerical technique of the inverse method used is able to deal with the common practical problems of calculating the gauze shape required to produce a particular downstream velocity distribution. The present work is simple to apply in two-dimensional and axisymmetric inviscid incompressible rotational flow situations. Extension of the present methods to include fully three-dimensional flows, viscous-inviscid interaction and applications to duct design are outlined in the suggestions for future work included in the thesis.
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Wilson, Jennifer L. (Jennifer Lynn). "Network analyses for functional genomic screens in cancer." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104236.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biological Engineering, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 128-151).
Gene interference screens are a widely adopted and popular tool for uncovering gene function but imperfections in the technology limit the power of these investigations. There are many completed and on-going RNAi investigations across a multitude of biological systems because these experiments are scalable, cost-effective, and relatively easily adapted to multiple experimental environments. The most influential disadvantage is that many of the individual reagents are non-specific and interfere with genes other than the intended target. Efforts to improve limitations in RNAi have focused on statistical models and improving reagents, yet have not explored using biological context to select gene targets. This thesis uses network modeling and data integration to provide context for gene interference studies, and demonstrates the utility of this approach in two systems: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is a disease of undifferentiated B-cells that results from accumulation of genetic lesions, yet we have an incomplete understanding of all genes contributing to the disease and how they interact. To discover genetic mediators of this disease, we employ a genome-scale shRNA screen, and complement this data with differential mRNA expression and ChIP-seq data using network integration. The integrated model identifies processes not represented in any input set and predicts novel genes contributing to disease. We specifically validate the role of Wwpl as a tumor suppressor in ALL. Aberrant growth factor pathway activity drives cancer pathology and is the target of molecular cancer therapies. Specifically, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EFGR) pathway and its ligand, transforming growth factor alpha (TGF[alpha]) are clinically relevant to gastric cancer. We use an shRNA screen and Prize Collecting Steiner Forest (PCSF) algorithm to discover the pathway regulating TGF shedding. This pathway identifies common regulators of TGF[alpha] shedding and NF[chi]B regulation, yet targeting NF[chi]B and the EGFR pathway has thus far been unsuccessful in cancer therapies. Our network identifies IRAK1 as a viable path forward for modulating both TGF[alpha] and NF[chi]B in gastric cancer.
by Jennifer L. Wilson.
Ph. D.
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Kinsey, C. E. C. "Skins\screens\circuits : how technology remade the body." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1354502/.
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This thesis is an analysis of the social, political and historical inter-relationships between moving image technologies, constructions of gender and sexuality, and theories of science and technology. Presented as a series of case-studies on film, video, medical imaging and computer technology in the work of five women artists, this thesis looks at the way in which artistic practice overturns traditional theories of technology as purely ‘instrumental’, theories of the subject in which identity is tied to the body, and the assumption that women do not access technology in a sophisticated way. It considers the various ways in which women artists have engaged with, and subverted, the explicit body in representation through deploying new moving image technologies at the historical moment of their widespread distribution across domestic, artistic, pornographic and medical spheres. It ends by asking what is the political potential in challenging the anthropomorphic and destabilizing the figurative through abstraction? Beginning with an investigation into the way in which Carolee Schneemann uses the material properties of film to establish a haptic encounter, in which female and feline bodies are caught up in a sexual economy of touch (pet/petting), this thesis then looks at the work of Kate Craig and the mutual expansion of pornography and home-video technology, questioning the emergence of the ‘amateur’ in relation to theories of power and gender; offers a technological and philosophical modeling of medical imaging technology (taking endoscopy in the work of Mona Hatoum as a case study); and re-evaluates the use of binary in information systems beyond a limiting analogy with ‘Western binaries’ through the work of Nell Tenhaaf. Using the languages of art history together with science & technology studies, medical discourse and feminism, this research theorises gender, technology and medicine as systems of representation that are all deeply inter-connected.
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Acciari, Monia. "Indo-Italian screens and the aesthetic of emotions." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/indoitalian-screens-and-the-aesthetic-of-emotions(8474e0f3-3b05-4c43-a1fe-dbed7ef08b03).html.
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This thesis aims to shed light on the cultural and aesthetic implications of the relationship between Italy and India on and off the screens of Italy, following the expansion of Bollywood in Europe during the 90s. Bollywood's propagation abroad affected the identity of the South Asian diaspora, urban spaces and aesthetics which generated what Le Guellec - describing the arrival of Indians and Bollywood cinema to Paris - named as Bollywood/India mania. The study began with the exploration of the historical meaning of the term aesthetic in order to offer a contextualization on the sense of the aesthetic as a philosophy of art; furthermore, it established a background for further theoretical debate on South Asian diasporic identity formations within the entertainment industry of Italy. The research methods that predominated throughout this work were those of textual argumentation, aesthetic analysis, quantitative and qualitative questionnaires and interview data. The reasons for using different and interdisciplinary methods and approaches to offer an account on diasporic cultures, resided in the attempt to reveal the multiplicities of the "cultural and social" visible. The theoretical frame that this research intends to follow is through two quite distinct disciplines: aesthetic and cultural studies. The aim is to capitalise on the productive intersection of these two disciplines to analyse parts of the South Asian cultural text on the screen and beyond it as producers of transnational images imbued with melancholic memories and melancholically conceived spaces. This work will attempt to individuate the existence of representational patterns based on the aesthetic of melancholy with its nuances and metamorphoses, which represents, narrates and constructs South Asian and/or fused identities socially and culturally on the screens of Italy. The notion of semiosphere as elaborated by Jury Lotman, was utilised to define the cultural and dialogic dynamics of mainstream products that move constantly closer to each other generating original "formats" characterised by novel transnational and multiple identities. Throughout this thesis, the emphasis was placed on the "encounters", the "journeys" and the "sharing" of cultures, hence highlighting the possible conditions of belonging contemporaneously through multiple modalities: mentally, psychologically and experientially to multiplicities of cultures. In addition, the notion of "world culture" was contemplated in an attempt to practically support what Gilroy, in Black Atlantic, shaped as "inter-cultural" and translational formations.
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Persson, Samantha. "Improving perceived performance of loading screens through animation." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för datavetenskap och medieteknik (DM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-86080.
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This study investigates the impact that loading animations have on perceived performance. Two sets of usability tests were conducted to obtain the data for this study. In the first set of usability tests, 15 participants were observed. The second set was performed online with 45 participants who answered a questionnaire after using the prototype. Five different loading animations were tested: Spinner, Loading bar, a detailed animation, an animation with aquote and a skeleton loading screen. The participants were asked at the end of the usability tests to rate which one of the loading screens were the fastest and the slowest. Results suggested the kind of animation used in a loading screen does have an effect on perceived performance. The loading screen with no animation received a generally lower rating compared to the one with animations. Loading animations intended to entertain and distract the user received a higher rate compared to common loading animations such as Spinners and Loading bars.
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Han, Tae Won. "Experimental and numerical studies of aerosol penetration through screens." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1344.
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Paszkowski-Rogacz, Maciej. "Integration and analysis of phenotypic data from functional screens." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-63063.
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Motivation: Although various high-throughput technologies provide a lot of valuable information, each of them is giving an insight into different aspects of cellular activity and each has its own limitations. Thus, a complete and systematic understanding of the cellular machinery can be achieved only by a combined analysis of results coming from different approaches. However, methods and tools for integration and analysis of heterogenous biological data still have to be developed.
Results: This work presents systemic analysis of basic cellular processes, i.e. cell viability and cell cycle, as well as embryonic stem cell pluripotency and differentiation. These phenomena were studied using several high-throughput technologies, whose combined results were analysed with existing and novel clustering and hit selection algorithms.
This thesis also introduces two novel data management and data analysis tools. The first, called DSViewer, is a database application designed for integrating and querying results coming from various genome-wide experiments. The second, named PhenoFam, is an application performing gene set enrichment analysis by employing structural and functional information on families of protein domains as annotation terms. Both programs are accessible through a web interface.
Conclusions: Eventually, investigations presented in this work provide the research community with novel and markedly improved repertoire of computational tools and methods that facilitate the systematic analysis of accumulated information obtained from high-throughput studies into novel biological insights.
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Bergman, Lars. "Using Multicoloured Halftone Screens for Offset Print Quality Monitoring." Licentiate thesis, Linköping : Univ, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-5573.
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Baker, Jeffrey Loy. "Health of fish impringed on cooling-water intake screens." Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2007%20Spring%20Theses/BAKER_JEFFREY_3.pdf.
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Thomas, Gethin Owain. "Smart screens for thyroid disrupting substances in the environment." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2006. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54105/.
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The interaction of recombinant TR with TRE-containing double-stranded DNA duplexes was monitored using the electrophoretic shift assay (EMSA). A protein titration allowed the calculation of the K& of TR for DNA. This quantitation of the affinity of TR for DNA was subsequently measured in the presence of known T3 analogues, thus providing the basis of a TR-DNA binding assay.
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Williams, Michael Aufrere. "Medieval English rood-screens, with special reference to Devon." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/89276.
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Roodscreens dividing church chancels and naves, topped with the image of Christ on the cross and often decorated with images of saints, were universal pieces of furnishing in English parish churches between the fourteenth and sixteenth centuries. This thesis centres on such screens in Devon, while seeking to place them in the context of their history in England as a whole. It discusses their origins, the period of their flowering in the later middle ages, and their fate at the Reformation, which swept away their lofts and iconography but kept their basic structures. While the heart of the thesis lies in the period from 1300 to 1570, consideration is also given to their subsequent fate between about 1570 and about 1870, when many disappeared due to changing fashions in church layout and furnishing. It concludes by showing how modern conservation, since 1870, has preserved most of those that remained as well as studying and restoring them. The thesis uses all the available primary and secondary sources for Devon, and major comparative ones for the rest of England. It discusses and criticises the evidence of churchwardens’ accounts, wills, the writings of the Protestant reformers of the mid-sixteenth century, royal and episcopal visitation articles, injunctions and orders for the period during and after the Reformation, antiquarian researches of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Church faculty records, and conservation reports made on screens in recent decades, as well as the major modern secondary works on the subject beginning with that of A. W. N. Pugin in 1851. Attention has also been given to the screens that survive, and to how they were constructed and decorated. The research shows that considerable sums were spent during the later middle ages on the construction, decoration, and maintenance of screens in all churches, from cathedrals and monasteries to parish churches. Parish communities in particular saw them as status symbols, raised money for their manufacture, and tried to match the best examples in nearby churches. Screens throw light on church layout, since they emphasised the division of the church into two areas, and on the organisation and understanding of worship, which they were designed both to seclude from and to reveal to the congregation. The iconography of screens provides valuable information about the cults of saints in late-medieval parishes. Screens became an issue during the Reformation, which did away with the iconography of screens but usually tolerated their survival, thereby retaining a visual object important to parishioners and the traditional division of the church that the screens embodied. Although some screens may have been removed in the sixteenth century, the greatest period of destruction was probably in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, when screens clashed with the wish of Church leaders and people to have open church interiors with uninterrupted vistas, and in the mid to late nineteenth century, the period of church restoration when ecclesiological principles were at their most influential. The thesis concludes with a gazetteer of all the screens in Devon churches that survive or are known to have existed on the basis of historical and antiquarian records.
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Montes, Diez Raquel. "Optimal design of two-stage screens : a Bayesian approach." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342027.
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SANTOS, ANDERSON RAPELLO DOS. "COLLAPSE ANALYSIS OF SCREENS USED IN OPEN HOLE COMPLETION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2007. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=11036@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROA produção de petróleo em alta vazão a partir de reservatórios formados por arenitos friáveis requer a instalação de sistemas de contenção de sólidos para preservar equipamentos de superfície e subsuperfície. Os projetos de explotação para campos constituídos por estes reservatórios têm na completação uma etapa fundamental na construção do poço. Dentre as diversas operações de completação, a instalação de sistemas de contenção de sólidos é uma das mais complexas e envolve uma ampla gama de recursos humanos e financeiros. A alteração no estado de tensões atuante sobre a formação é uma das principais fontes de carregamento dos sistemas de contenção mecânica de sólidos instalados em poços horizontais. O objetivo deste trabalho é desenvolver um modelo para avaliação do desempenho de sistemas de contenção de sólidos do tipo gravel pack quando submetidos aos esforços relacionados ao comportamento geomecânico das formações produtoras e a variação de pressões durante a vida produtiva de um poço de petróleo, permitindo a otimização de projetos destes sistemas sob a ótica da resistência ao colapso das telas. O carregamento imposto sobre estes sistemas é avaliado através da implementação do modelo de Mohr Coulomb solucionado numericamente através do método de elementos finitos (MEF). O programa comercial ABAQUS™ é utilizado em função da sua flexibilidade para solução de modelos não-lineares. Foram analisados sistemas de contenção de areia com os conjuntos de telas tipicamente utilizados na indústria de petróleo. Em nenhum cenário analisado foram verificados indícios de colapso dos tubos indicando a possibilidade de redução da sua resistência mecânica.
Global increase in energy demand and the lack of opportunities on shore or in shallow waters are driving production of hydrocarbons towards deep and ultra deepwater basins, where reservoirs are usually formed by weak and unconsolidated sandstones that require sand control methods to prevent damage in surface and subsurface equipments. Guidelines to select sand control systems are primarily based on sand exclusion, seeking to optimize balance between oil rate and fines production. Another aspect, often overlooked, is collapse strength of the system formed by the sand control equipment and the formation itself, subjected to mechanical loadings that change during life of the well. This contribution presents a method to evaluate collapse strength of sand control systems taking into account mechanical interaction between the formation and sand control screens. Elastoplastic models are used to represent granular materials. Three sand control systems were studied: gravel pack with premium screens, stand alone premium screens and pre-packed screens. A model to describe contact between granular materials (gravel and formation) and soil-pipe interaction is proposed. Results demonstrate that perforated base pipes used in premium screens may be oversized for applications under regular operating conditions.
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Ellis, Donald Christian. "Genetic screens in vivo using the CRISPR/Cas9 system." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/109640.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 82-87).
An unmet and paramount need in the field of cancer research is to rapidly translate basic biological findings to clinically relevant therapeutics for cancer patients. Recent technological advances have generated many innovative applications to cancer biology and in a short time have yielded a wealth of information about putative vulnerabilities across a range of cancers. The proposed work involves the development of a technique to quickly probe potential cancer-specific vulnerabilities in vivo adopting methods used in genetic screens. By harnessing the information obtained from large datasets in vitro and the utility of cutting-edge endogenous mouse models, the general aim of this work is to create a method that shortens the gap between findings in the lab to viable treatment options for cancer patients.
by Donald Christian Ellis.
S.M.
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Krajina, Zlatan. "Negotiating the mediated city : everyday encounters with urban screens." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2011. http://research.gold.ac.uk/6706/.
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In this project I explore everyday encounters with urban screens. I define urban screens as image interfaces that occupy (material) public urban space and represent other (symbolic) space. I conceptualise encounters with urban screens as events of media consumption in which passers-by are invited to communicate, without the possibility of pressing control buttons. I draw on the perspective of phenomenological geography, which understands place as an experiential dimension of space, sustained through habit, and on media domestication studies, which analyse how people incorporate media technologies and texts in familiar spaces. My grounded qualitative research encompasses four different screen placements: street and underground advertising panels, an architectural interface in a promenade, and a public art installation. A triangulation of my observations, participants’ diaries and depth- interviews suggests that passers-by compensate for the lack of material controls by ‘taming’ the screens (learning about their position, size, scale and mode of address), and by making use of screens in responding to various elements of the site-specific situations of passing by (presence of others, traffic, weather). Passers-by develop what I call ‘situational uses of urban screens’, such as managing interaction with unknown others, escapism, gathering potentially useful information, and focussing thoughts. I understand these ethnomethodological appropriations of screens as forms of pedestrian tactical resistance to institutional spatial arrangements. In order to maintain their practices of looking around and moving through routines, passers-by make their uses of screens habitual, and develop knowledge of the varieties of urban screen technologies and images. Through such intimate negotiations of technologically mediated urban spaces, people domesticate urban screens as taken-for-granted elements of their everyday spaces and landscapes of media consumption. I conclude that passers-by experience the changes of technologies and images as spatial changes, which make their habituation of mediated cities laborious and require their domestication of urban screens to be continuous.
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Meeds, Elizabeth H. "Investigation of the performance of combined sewer overflow screens." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 1995. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20052/.
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A major objective of the NRA guidance note for controlling combined sewer overflow discharges (NRA, December 1993) is to minimise the presence of objectionable solids and persistent material in watercourses. The guidance note states 'this can be achieved by a number of means, for example the design of the overflow structure or the provision of screens' (NRA, December 1993). In his review of the performance of storm sewage overflow structures with respect to aesthetic criteria, O'Sullivan (1990) found that there was a shortage of information about the quantities of gross solids discharged from combined sewer overflows (CSOs) and there was no consistent approach to the use of screens on CSOs. He recommended that further research work should be done to evaluate the effectiveness and viability of screens at CSOs. A field and laboratory study was carried out to investigate the performance and efficiency of different types of CSO screens, identify the sources and type of gross polluting solids and identify the factors which influence screen performance. Two stilling pond CSO bar screens and two sewage treatment works (STW) inlet bar screens were evaluated by collecting the gross solids retained by each screen together with any gross solids passing through the screen. Flow data were obtained using flow survey equipment. A series of tests were also carried out on five 6 mm screen meshes at two STW sites and in the laboratory. Additional tests were performed on the five screen meshes in the laboratory to determine head losses. Results have shown that screen retention efficiency is dependent on the aperture size of the screen face. The larger the aperture of the screen face the lower the retention efficiency. Mechanically raked bar screens with 6 mm spacings were found to have a maximum overall retention efficiency of 30%. For 6 mm mesh screens this figure was 60%. The main polluting gross solids were found to be of dry weather flow origin. Fine paper, leaves, sanitary towels and tampons formed the bulk of the gross solids samples with condoms and cotton bud sticks forming less than 0.1% of the overall sample mass. There appears to be different transport mechanisms for different types of gross solids where some are continually transported in the sewerage system, whilst others require a threshold velocity of flow before being transported. The bulk of the gross solids arriving at a CSO chamber during a storm event was found to arise from the dry weather flow prior to the storm event. The total mass of gross solids presented to a CSO screen was shown to be dependent on the mean overflow intensity of the storm event and this relationship was used to develop a predictive model, based on the upstream population and average usage figures of sanitary products and toilet tissue. The research has also shown that prediction of the screen retention efficiencies obtained in the field is possible with full scale laboratory tests providing care is taken in the laboratory when simulating gross solids.
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Chuirazzi, William C. "Combinatorial Optimization of Scintillator Screens for Digital Neutron Imaging." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1586903047809812.
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Pedro, Rodrigues Joana Cristina. "Yeast genome-wide telomere screens and insights into cancer." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3898.
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Telomeres are the very ends of linear eukaryotic chromosomes and when too short or dysfunctional they can trigger senescence (ageing). If the cell can bypass senescence, it can lead to genetic instability or cancer. Telomere capping proteins such as the CST (Cdc13, Stn1 and Ten1) complex and Yku70 are essential for the telomeres not to be recognised as double strand breaks. In this thesis I have used published yeast genome-wide screens to identify genes that are relevant to cancer and telomere biology. Overall 14 out of 19 genetic interactions identified by genome-wide screens could be confirmed by small scale experiments. This work mainly focuses on the telomeric roles of VPS74 and the PAF1 complex. Here, I show that the Golgi gene VPS74, whose human orthologue, GOLPH3, is an oncogene, genetically interacts with telomere capping genes and DNA damage response genes. I demonstrate that Vps74 is important for cell fitness of yku70Δ cells and that the low fitness of Vps74 depleted cells is dependent on the presence of DNA damage checkpoint proteins. I have also systematically investigated the roles of PAF1 complex (Cdc73, Paf1, Ctr9, Leo1 and Rtf1, in yeast) components on telomere biology. The conserved PAF1 complex affects RNA abundance in eukaryotes. I demonstrate that individual PAF1 complex components perform different functions at telomeres. I show that loss of Cdc73 improves fitness of telomere defective yeast cells, while loss of other PAF1 components has the opposite effect. Moreover, I show that Paf1 and Ctr9 strongly reduce telomeric repeat-containing non-coding RNA (TERRA), while Cdc73, Leo1 and Rtf1 have little effect. Paf1 and Ctr9 function independently of Sir4 to regulate TERRA and this is because they stimulate TERRA decay, as well as decay of other RNAs. Additionally, I found that Paf1 and Ctr9 decrease TEN1 and STN1 mRNA levels. I suggest that the PAF1 complex plays a specialized role at telomeres, with Paf1 and Ctr9 maintaining telomere integrity and Cdc73 decreasing the fitness of telomere defective cells.
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Giedraitis, Vilmantas. "Candidate gene analyses and genome-wide screens in multiple sclerosis /." Stockholm, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-408-9/.
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Jones, Darren. "Green screens : the dialectics of environmental concern and audiovisual productions /." Title page, contents and introduction only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arj76.pdf.
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Mervin, Lewis. "Improved in silico methods for target deconvolution in phenotypic screens." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/283004.
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Target-based screening projects for bioactive (orphan) compounds have been shown in many cases to be insufficiently predictive for in vivo efficacy, leading to attrition in clinical trials. Phenotypic screening has hence undergone a renaissance in both academia and in the pharmaceutical industry, partly due to this reason. One key shortcoming of this paradigm shift is that the protein targets modulated need to be elucidated subsequently, which is often a costly and time-consuming procedure. In this work, we have explored both improved methods and real-world case studies of how computational methods can help in target elucidation of phenotypic screens. One limitation of previous methods has been the ability to assess the applicability domain of the models, that is, when the assumptions made by a model are fulfilled and which input chemicals are reliably appropriate for the models. Hence, a major focus of this work was to explore methods for calibration of machine learning algorithms using Platt Scaling, Isotonic Regression Scaling and Venn-Abers Predictors, since the probabilities from well calibrated classifiers can be interpreted at a confidence level and predictions specified at an acceptable error rate. Additionally, many current protocols only offer probabilities for affinity, thus another key area for development was to expand the target prediction models with functional prediction (activation or inhibition). This extra level of annotation is important since the activation or inhibition of a target may positively or negatively impact the phenotypic response in a biological system. Furthermore, many existing methods do not utilize the wealth of bioactivity information held for orthologue species. We therefore also focused on an in-depth analysis of orthologue bioactivity data and its relevance and applicability towards expanding compound and target bioactivity space for predictive studies. The realized protocol was trained with 13,918,879 compound-target pairs and comprises 1,651 targets, which has been made available for public use at GitHub. Consequently, the methodology was applied to aid with the target deconvolution of AstraZeneca phenotypic readouts, in particular for the rationalization of cytotoxicity and cytostaticity in the High-Throughput Screening (HTS) collection. Results from this work highlighted which targets are frequently linked to the cytotoxicity and cytostaticity of chemical structures, and provided insight into which compounds to select or remove from the collection for future screening projects. Overall, this project has furthered the field of in silico target deconvolution, by improving the performance and applicability of current protocols and by rationalizing cytotoxicity, which has been shown to influence attrition in clinical trials.
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Lee, Clarissa Ci. "Haploid reporter screens aimed at identification of NF-kappaB regulators." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/89943.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-KB) is a family of transcription factors that are essential for execution of both the innate and the adaptive immune response. NF-KB regulates hundreds of genes involved in critical processes such as cell survival, differentiation, proliferation, and inflammation. Consequently, NF-KB activity must be tightly regulated and a failure to do so causes diseases such as inflammatory disorders and cancer. The identification of novel NF-KB regulators can increase our understanding of the elaborate regulatory networks that control the NF-kB response and influence the design of therapeutic interventions directed at NF-kB. A classical approach for identifying new members in a pathway is the forward genetic screen. Human haploid genetic screens represent a recent advance in this approach. I have attempted to expand the utility of human haploid genetic screens through the use of transcriptional reporters and developed human haploid reporter screens for the specific purpose of identifying regulators of NF-kB. To identify constitutive inhibitors of NF-kB, I utilized a NF-KBblasticidin S resistance gene (BSR) reporter and identified CYLD, a known negative regulator of NF-KB, demonstrating that in principle this approach works. In the same screen, two members of the poorly characterized leucine-rich repeat-containing 8 (LRRC8) family of proteins appeared as significant hits. I determined that LRRC8D is not required for NF-KB regulation, but rather for import of blasticidin, the selecting agent used in the screen. Thus, quite serendipitously, I identified the first mammalian protein that mediates import of the antibiotic blasticidin. My further characterization of LRRC8D provides new insight into the function of LRRC8 proteins. I developed a second screen, using a NF-KB-GFP reporter, to identify genes required to activate NF-KB in response to the TLR2/6 ligand, FSL-1. This screen successfully identified known components of the TLR2/6 pathway and identified many other candidate genes for further study.
by Clarissa Ci Lee.
Ph. D.
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Fantoni, Gianluca. "Red screens : the cinematographic production of the Italian Communist Party." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2013. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=25628.
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Annett, Alva. "Single Cell Methods and Cell Hashing forHigh Throughput Drug Screens." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-451848.
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Schroeter, Ronald. "Discussions in space : interactive urban screens for enhancing citizen engagement." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/50771/1/Ronald_Schroeter_Thesis.pdf.
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Local governments struggle to engage time poor and seemingly apathetic citizens, as well as the city's young digital natives, the digital locals. Capturing the attention of this digitally literate community who are technology and socially savvy adds a new quality to the challenge of community engagement for urban planning. This project developed and tested a lightweight design intervention towards removing the hierarchy between those who plan the city and those who use it. The aim is to narrow this gap by enhancing people's experience of physical spaces with digital, civic technologies that are directly accessible within that space. The study's research informed the development of a public screen system called Discussions In Space (DIS). It facilitates a feedback platform about specific topics, e.g., a concrete urban planning project, and encourages direct, in-situ, real-time user responses via SMS and Twitter. The thesis presents the findings of deploying and integrating DIS in a wide range of public and urban environments, including the iconic urban screen at Federation Square in Melbourne, to explore the Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) related challenges and implications. It was also deployed in conjunction with a major urban planning project in Brisbane to explore the system's opportunities and challenges of better engaging with Australia's new digital locals. Finally, the merits of the short-texted and ephemeral data generated by the system were evaluated in three focus groups with professional urban planners. DIS offers additional benefits for civic participation as it gives voice to residents who otherwise would not be easily heard. It also promotes a positive attitude towards local governments and gathers complementary information that is different than that captured by more traditional public engagement tools.
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Steinberger, Fabius. "Vote with your feet : hyperlocal public polling for urban screens." Thesis, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtät München, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/66824/1/VWYF-opt.pdf.
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Technological advances have led to an ongoing spread of public displays in urban areas. However, they still mostly show passive content such as commercials and digital signage. Researchers took notice of their potential to spark situated civic discourse in public space and have begun working on interactive public display applications. Attracting people’s attention and providing a low barrier for user participation have been identified as major challenges in their design.
This thesis presents Vote With Your Feet, a hyperlocal public polling tool for urban screens allowing users to express their opinions. Similar to vox populi interviews on TV or polls on news websites, the tool is meant to reflect the mindset of the community on topics such as current affairs, cultural identity and local matters. It shows one Yes/No question at a time and enables users to vote by stepping on one of two tangible buttons on the ground. This user interface was introduced to attract people’s attention and to lower participation barriers. Vote With Your Feet was informed by a user-centred design approach that included a focus group, expert interviews and extensive preliminary user studies in the wild. Deployed at a bus stop, Vote With Your Feet was evaluated in a field study over the course of several days. Observations of people and interviews with 30 participants revealed that the novel interaction technology was perceived as inviting and that Vote With Your Feet can spark discussions among co-located people.
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Berr, Katharina. "Slaves to our Screens? : A Critical Approach to Self-Regulation of Smartphone Use at the Example of Apple’s Screen Time Feature." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, JMK, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-172680.
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The increasingly ubiquitous role of smartphones in our everyday lives causes concerns regarding our relationship with the devices. While some raise the question whether smartphones are addictive (Alter 2017; Lopez-Fernandez 2019), others regard this concern as the most recent manifestation of moral panics (Cashmore, Cleland & Dixon 2018; Leick 2019). Meanwhile advocates of the attention economy argument claim that the problem is the design of technology occupying users’ attention (CHT 2019a-d). Somewhere in between, media and communication studies search for empirical evidence. From this vantage point of ideas this study explores the role of Screen Time, shaping and being shaped by this discourse. As a feature of Apple’s iOS software it is supposed to support users in regulating their smartphone use. Applying the walkthrough method as proposed by Light, Burgess & Duguay (2018) combined with an analysis of user experiences, shows how the technology company shapes a concept of self-regulation for users to adopt to. A concept, which first and foremost follows corporate and not the users’ best interest. This thesis poses the the question whether we are slaves to our screens, but arrives at the conclusion that we carry chains of self-regulation. The question remains, how we can create more sustainable and meaningful environments for protecting our attention.
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Gould, C. E. "Interactive works for urban screens : a practice based study into building new ways of engaging communities in urban space through interactive artworks for urban screens." Thesis, University of Salford, 2015. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/35462/.
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In our urban environment we are surrounded by strangers, observed via surveillance cameras and connected to millions via the global digital infrastructure. Our media is pervasive and immersive, implicit in everything we do, as the distinction between the real and virtual becomes increasing blurred. Whilst pervasive screens are becoming an essential personal tool, large format public screens form part of the furniture of our urban architecture. This study will ask how we can maximise opportunities for cultural engagement using urban screens and how this can impact on our culture. In the last ten years urban screens have been installed across the world, including in twenty-two cities in the UK funded by the BBC and Local Authorities for the Cultural Olympiad. The aim of the screens was to address local communities in order to reflect something of their respective location and community, “with a full programme of locally run community and sporting events”. (http://www.bbc.co.uk/bigscreens) Urban screens have a huge potential to play a role in changing the way that the public engages in urban space. Lucy Lippard identifies “place” as a hybrid of communal memories (Lippard, L. 1997, p9) and proposes that artist play a key role in offering community a framework from which to tackle issues, and debate. Urban screens are usually located in busy shopping centers and are ideally located to attract a broad demographic to contribute to a memory of place embracing an inclusive multicultural and tolerant approach. Through this thesis I explore how interactive works for urban screens can offer opportunity for public participation in the urban environment. Kristine Stiles and Ed Shanken propose that a key factor in interactive works is that they offer “agency” which involves freedom to make choices and to be creative in order to make a difference. (Stiles, K. Shanken E. 2011, p32) Through my literature review and current creative practice, including urban screen projects in collaboration with telematics artist Paul Sermon; “Picnic on the Screen” for the Glastonbury Festival BBC Village Screen 2009 and “Occupy the Screen” for Connecting Cities Berlin/Riga 2014, I explore how interactive artists can optimise agency, opportunities for play, creativity and self-representation to a diverse audience in order to change the way that we engage in the urban environment. Through this PhD I have developed a framework for engagement with public audiences through play.