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Batchelor, Shannon. "The Concurrent Validity of Three Preschool Screening Instruments." TopSCHOLAR®, 1994. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/928.
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In this study l/the researcher sought to examine the correlational and classificational agreement (sensitivity and specificity) between two very popular screening instruments which have undergone recent revisions-The Developmental Indicators for the Assessment of Learning-Revised (DIAL-R) and the Denver Developmental Screening Test-ll (Denver-ll) and one more recently published new screening instrument on the market--The Early Screening Profiles (ESP). The sample for this study consisted of 60 preschool children attending two federally and state funded preschool programs in Western Kentucky. The children were of the correct age to enter kindergarten in the fall of 1993. Results of this study revealed that the three instruments themselves showed an inability to classify children similarly. Using the DIAL-R as a criterion, the ESP and Denver-ll showed high specificity (88.9%-100%) but low sensitivity (25%-30%). While the correlation between the DIAL-R and ESP scores was moderately high (.72), its classification agreement was discrepant. One further interesting finding was that the group mean scores for children were significantly higher on the DIAL-R than on the ESP (mean difference=9.74 points). As the true job of any screening instrument is to accurately identify children who fall into high risk categories, these instruments appear to be "missing" many children. Analyzing all three instruments' classification agreements together resulted in discrepant identification of children.
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Davis, Maura Schoen. "A comparison of three social emotional screening instruments /." view abstract or download file of text, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3055682.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2002.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 172-188). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Westrup, Therese Marie. "A Comparison of Two Kindergarten Screening Instruments in One Population." PDXScholar, 1992. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4525.
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The purpose of this study was to compare thirty-two childrens' performances on the Daberon-2 Screening for School Readiness and the Early Screening Inventory , as well as determine whether there was a correlation between the tests. This study responded to the needs of the local Portland, Oregon area schools, some of which use these tests, to investigate the tests, and explore the possibility of using the shorter ESI over the longer Daberon. The reasoning behind the goal of the study was to determine that if the two tests showed a strong, positive correlation and identified the same children as needing further assessment, then perhaps the test which was shorter to administer could be used with confidence as a faster, but equally reliable 2 pre-kindergarten screening tool. In other words, if a child "passes" the Daberon, one could assume that the child would most likely "pass" the ESI as well. Based on the results of this study, one can make this assumption with a reasonable amount of confidence. The subjects in this study included 16 males and 16 females. All were preschool students, ranging in age from 4-6 to 5-6 with a mean age of 5-1 years. The subjects were given the two tests in a counterbalanced order, which also varied as to sex so that not all of one sex received one test first. The standard scores and whether or not each subject "passed" or "failed" each screen was determined. The correlation between the two tests was also determined. The Pearson product moment correlation coefficient was used to determine the degree of relatedness between the tests. A high positive correlation of .73 was found between the Daberon and the ESI, with a shared variance
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Angiulo, Michael James. "Screening instruments for dissociative disorders: Their evaluation in a college population." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186530.
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In the interest of early identification and prevention of dissociative disorders, this author has contributed to the research history of various screening instruments and has commented on the degree to which such instruments are appropriate for screening subjects in a college population. The Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES; Bernstein & Putnam & Putnam, 1986) was administered to approximately 2500 college freshmen. Subjects from various levels of the distribution of DES scores were recalled to the laboratory for further testing on the abbreviated version of the Structured Clinical Interview for Dissociative Disorders (Mini-SCID-D) (Steinberg, Rounsaville & Cicchetti, 1987) to determine how many of these subjects might actually qualify for a diagnosis of dissociative disorder. The results of this study supported the factor structure of the DES as reported by Ross, Joshi, and Currie (1991). In addition, the DES evidenced a significant predictive relationship with the Mini SCID-D. The research was designed to screen a population at large for dissociative tendencies, the results of which will be useful to people who wish to identify ostensibly normal individuals who may be at risk for dissociative disorders. This research was supported in part by Grant #MH35856 from the National Institute of Mental Health to John F. Kihlstrom.
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Mohamed-Kaleel, Saheeda Bebe. "Screening of cognitive functions : analysis and development of neuropsychological test instruments." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8392/.
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INTRODUCTION: Cognitive impairments are common after stroke, particularly those involving the executive functioning, which is a complex cognitive construct encompassing a collection of interrelated functions (or set of processes) that are responsible for controlled goal-directed behaviours to novel or complex situations (Gioa, Isquith, & Guy, 2001). Therefore, deficits in executive processes can affect an individual profoundly. There are numerous executive measures currently available, however they are mostly language-laden, and therefore not ideal for stroke patients who are present with aphasia and neglect. Accordingly, in this thesis we aimed to develop unbiased measures of planning/organisation (the 'systematicity' index) using performance-based, language reduced, nonverbal tasks that are suitable for use in a stroke population. METHOD: Initially, we examined the cognitive variation in stroke profile, across various stages, using the Birmingham Cognitive Screen (BCoS: Humphreys, Bickerton, Samson, & Riddoch, 2012). Subsequently, we developed three novel scoring measures, on two key tests: 1) the Broken Hearts test (from the Oxford Cognitive Screen (OCS): Demeyere, Riddoch, Slavkova, Bickerton, & Humphreys, 2015) and 2) the Complex Figure test (from the BCoS/OCS). RESULTS: Measures include: I) The 'Nearest Neighbour' measure - validated against the subjective ratings provided by experienced neuropsychologists (of how systematic a patient is during cancellation) and a measure of executive function (EF); 2) the 'Global - Local Scoring System' - a qualitative scoring system that provides an index of executive measure for the BCoS Complex Figure which was validated against subjective ratings from experienced neuropsychologists and other measures of EF; 3) the 'automated Global-Local Scoring System'- validated against the 'Nearest Neighbour' measure on the overall cancellation performance. CONCLUSION: We conclude that these measures would be beneficial to clinicians in terms of measuring planning/organisation abilities of stroke survivors and freeing them from time consuming and tedious tasks.
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McBride-Houtz, Patricia (Patricia Ann). "Detecting Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: a Validation Study of Selected Screening Instruments." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1993. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278127/.
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The present study investigated the criterion-based validity of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Cognitive Capacity Screening Examination (CCSE), and the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination (NCSE) in a sample of older adults with suspected cognitive impairment. As cognitive screening tests, the MMSE, CCSE, and NCSE should predict performance relative to a more thorough testing procedure. In the present study, performance on the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery (HRNTB) was employed as the criterion measure. Scores on the General Neuropsychological Deficit Scale (G-NDS), a global performance measure computed from the HRNTB, served as the standard by which to judge the presence of cognitive impairment. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of each screening test, as well as how well each screening test correlated with the G-NDS, were investigated. Results of this investigation found that, although the MMSE, CCSE, and NCSE were all significantly correlated with the G-NDS, only the NCSE demonstrated an appropriate balance between high sensitivity and specificity. When a rigorous neuropsychological evaluation was employed as the criterion standard, the NCSE accurately detected the presence of cognitive impairment: in 82% of the cases. The MMSE and CCSE, however, failed to detect cognitive deficits in approximately 80% of the cases. These findings strongly suggest that the MMSE and CCSE may have limited utility in the identification of cognitive impairment in older adults. The heightened sensitivity of the NCSE appears to be the result of several unigue features of the instrument, including a multidimensional scoring system and a graded series of increasingly difficult items within each ability area. Future studies need to examine the utility of the NCSE in other geriatric settings, as well as with more diverse populations suffering from a variety of organic mental syndromes.
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Marquardt, Westlake Laura L. "Effectiveness of five vision screening instruments for detecting possible amblyogenetic factors in young children." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2005. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1051260181&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Swallow, Julia Elizabeth. "The role of instruments for screening cognitive function and Alzheimer's disease : a sociological exploration." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/13311/.
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This qualitative ethnographic study examines how cognitive screening tools are used in clinical practice in the process of articulating a classification of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). An exploration of how these low-technological tools constitute AD is important because of their central role in detecting initial cognitive decline in the ‘ageing population’. The study draws upon fieldwork undertaken across a secondary healthcare memory service and a major teaching hospital in the UK. Focusing on the everyday practices and interactions between clinicians, patients and these technologies, the study shows how these tools were made provisional, and yet emerged as central mediators for producing knowledge about AD. I explore the uncertainties associated with measures of cognitive decline and consider how these were navigated and managed through the making of the tools as provisional devices. I continue by showing how the tools emerged as central mediators for negotiating how classification proceeded in medical practice: producing and reproducing professional hierarchies and identities. I also investigate how uncertainty was mobilised by clinicians to constitute the boundaries of classification; fuelled by the possibility that patients may go on to develop AD. Finally, I demonstrate how the adoption of the tools in the wider policy terrain translated into everyday clinical practice; increased efforts to quantify cognitive decline at earlier stages, produced uncertainty around patient futures. I reflect on how the making of these tools as provisional devices, relied upon and resulted in the portability of these devices and, in turn, constituted AD. Portability highlights the temporal and spatial aspects of classification processes involved in diagnosis/prognosis, as well as patient and professional identities and autonomy. I conclude by considering the implications of these findings for the diagnosis and management of patients with cognitive decline and AD locally in the clinic, and with respect to managing the ‘ageing population’.
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Robertson, Gerschwin Carl. "A systematic review conducted on studies reporting on the instruments used in the assessment of adult ADHD." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6869.
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Magister Artium (Psychology) - MA(Psych)The diagnosis of adult ADHD is a complex process that requires information from different sources. Instruments are used to screen or diagnose adult ADHD. The aim of the study was to identify instruments measuring adult ADHD from good quality research. This systematic review was executed following the recommended PRISMA steps. A comprehensive search was conducted across identified databases. The SFS scoring system was used to critically appraise for methodological rigour and coherence. Meta-synthesis was used to summarize extracted data from 26 articles included in the final summation. Ethics clearance was issued by the UWC Senate Research Committee. Sixteen instruments measuring adult ADHD were identified. Screening instruments measure core symptoms whereas diagnostic instruments assess all criteria. Fourteen instruments were based on DSM-IV criteria and four were based on DSM-V criteria for adult ADHD including rival explanations for the symptoms. The lack of adoption of DSM-V criteria remains a concern given criticism against DSV-IV criteria for adult ADHD. Overall instruments presented acceptable psychometric properties. However, the performance of the instruments was study dependent. A cautionary note is that these indices must be interpreted carefully. Further research must explore the reasons underlying the lack of adoption of DSM-V criteria in research, and the lack of revision of instruments measuring adult ADHD.
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Hoft, Mary, and Lisa Haddad. "Screening Children for Abuse and Neglect: A Review of the Literature." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8514.
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Child abuse and neglect occur in epidemic numbers in the United States and around the world, resulting in major physical and mental health consequences for abused children in the present and future. A vast amount of information is available on the signs and symptoms and short- and long-term consequences of abuse. A limited number of instruments have been empirically developed to screen for child abuse, with most focused on physical abuse in the context of the emergency department, which have been found to be minimally effective and lacking rigor. This literature review focuses on physical, sexual, and psychological abuse and neglect, occurring in one or multiple forms (polyabuse). A systematic, in-depth analysis of the literature was conducted. This literature review provides information for identifying children who have been abused and neglected but exposes the need for a comprehensive screening instrument or protocol that will capture all forms of child abuse and neglect. Screening needs to be succinct, user-friendly, and amenable for use with children at every point of care in the healthcare system.
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Gross, Amber Desiré. "Screening Preschoolers for Autism with Behavior Rating Scales." TopSCHOLAR®, 2009. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/53.
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Early identification of autism is important in order to maximize the potential of intervention efforts. However, the identification of autism can require extensive training and experience. Psychologists routinely use behavior rating scales to assess children for various social, emotional, or behavioral problems when completing evaluations in the school or clinical setting. The focus of the current study is to determine whether a behavior rating scale can accurately distinguish between referred preschoolers with autism and referred preschoolers without autism. Parents of 82 preschoolers referred to a nonprofit child development clinic because of behavioral or developmental concerns completed two behavior rating scales as part of the initial evaluation. The findings revealed that while statistically significantly differences were found between the scores for the two groups on a number of scales, the practical implications were unclear. The use of behavior rating scales as screeners for autism in preschoolers would result in a very high false positive rate.
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Rosiak, Carol Lynn. "THE PREDICTIVE VALIDITY OF THE DIAL-3 KINDERGARTEN READINESS SCREENING ASSESSMENT AS IT RELATES TO READING AND MATH ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN THE FOURTH GRADE." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1174686700.
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Crawford, Gregory Brian, and gregory crawford@adelaide edu au. "Depression in palliative care patients in Australia: identification and assessment." Flinders University. Medicine, 2008. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20090127.133003.
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Depression is poorly recognised, under-assessed and under-treated in patients receiving palliative care for a life-limiting illness. There are barriers to assessment and diagnosis, and limited access to specialist clinicians who might assist in these complex assessments and who could provide options for treatment.
The three studies presented, using different research methodologies, and using both qualitative and quantitative analysis, seek to clarify these issues and to provide some solutions. A questionnaire was sent to all Palliative Care Services (PCS) in Australia. Questions included what part specialist psychological clinicians played in multi-disciplinary team meetings and in the treatment or coordination of patient care. Very few PCS used a valid screening instrument for psychological distress and very few had regular support from a psychiatrist or psychologist. Many did not have access to social work support.
There are two competing issues with regard to recognising and assessing depression in palliative populations. A rapid reliable screen that points to a likely problem would be useful, but also there is a need to understand something of the patient experience of depression.
In the second study, the one- and two-item screening instruments widely used in palliative care are examined and limitations that have been found in other settings are confirmed. A new novel screening tool is developed from this data and tested empirically. This algorithm is short, has good psychometric properties and is validated for an Australian palliative care population. Depending on the response pattern it is possible to identify that a particular patient has significant symptoms of depression by asking between one and four questions. Professional carer and patient acceptability of the questions is high.
The understanding of the experience and symptom profile of depression in Australian palliative care patients is addressed in the third study. Patients and family carers were recruited prospectively from palliative care and oncology ambulatory clinics of two teaching hospitals in an Australian capital city. The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was administered to the patient and the Collateral Source version of this instrument was asked of the carer. A subset of this sample completed the measures twice. The results using this 30-item scale were then compared with all the known previously published short versions of this scale. Two short forms met as many psychometric criteria as the longer forms. None of the versions of the GDS showed sufficiently high correlations between carer-completed and patient-completed forms. The frequency of symptoms was also assessed. Patients more frequently reported fatigue and anhedonia than depressed affect.
Despite many screening instruments being available for depression, their use is limited in Palliative Care Services. Although these studies have validated several options for Australian palliative care patients, the issues behind the low uptake rates for screening have not been resolved. The final chapter of this thesis constructs known and potential barriers into a logical structure and then offers some solutions to improve access to mental health professionals by considering service models and applying this theory to the problem of depression and its assessment in palliative care populations.
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Conley, Laura Eileen. "Development of the Test Item Pool for a Screening Instrument of Emotional and Behavioral Disorder of Elementary School Students." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2009. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1896.
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The functioning of children with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) is a concern for parents and educators. Screening focuses efforts to identify and prevent/remediate EBD for students most at risk. Current screening instruments fail to meet three factors that may be related to successful early identification. The three factors are universality (rates all students), brevity, and identification of internalizing and externalizing symptoms. This thesis began the construction of a screener with all three factors. The thesis determined a conceptual basis for the instrument and created an item pool. The conceptualization was based on a literature review. The item pool was obtained by looking at current assessments and screeners, research studies, and teacher focus groups and email surveys. The item pool should be test piloted and compared against reliable and valid assessments to further reduce the number of items.
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Mtati, Cebokazi Ngcakani. "A systematic review: Instruments that measure emotional and social competency as a domain of school readiness of preschool children in South Africa." University of Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7668.
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Magister Artium (Psychology) - MA(Psych)Given the lack of standardised and locally developed school readiness assessment tools in South Africa, as well as the under-emphasis on emotional and social competency in favour of cognitive domains in assessment of school readiness, many South African children enter mainstream schooling with their emotional wellbeing significantly compromised. Therefore, emphasis on children’s emotional and social competency as a domain of school readiness is essential. The study aims to identify and summarise aspects of the instruments that measure emotional and social competency as a domain of school readiness in preschoolers and their psychometric properties. All ethical considerations in terms of the systematic review process were adhered to
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Damian, Anne Mariam. "The Montreal Cognitive Assessment and the Mini-Mental State Examination as Screening Instruments for Cognitive Impairment: Item Analyses and Threshold Scores." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/221243.
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A Thesis submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine.Objective: This study was performed to provide a detailed analysis of the MoCA versus the MMSE, including an item analysis and an examination of threshold scores appropriate for use in different clinical settings. Methods: 135 subjects enrolled in a longitudinal clinicopathologic study were administered the MoCA and MMSE. Subjects were classified as cognitively impaired or cognitively normal based on neuropsychological testing and consensus conference diagnosis. Results: 89 subjects were cognitively normal, 46 cognitively impaired (20 dementia, 26 MCI). ROC analysis showed that, for any threshold value selected for the MMSE to identify cognitive impairment, a MoCA value with better sensitivity and specificity could be identified. Recall performed best among individual items on the MMSE, and Orientation performed best on the MoCA. Overall, the best discrimination was obtained using a weighted combination of four items (2*MoCA-Orientation + MMSE-Recall + MoCA-Language + 0.5* MoCA-Visuospatial/Executive; AUC 0.94). A MoCA threshold score of 26 had a sensitivity of 98% and specificity of 52% for identifying cognitive 5 impairment. A MoCA threshold score of 21 had a sensitivity of 57% and specificity of 96%. Conclusions: The MoCA was superior to the MMSE in detecting cognitive impairment. Individual domains on the MoCA and MMSE made substantially different contributions to each instrument’s sensitivity, and a weighted subset of items from both instruments performed best in detecting cognitive impairment. A lower MoCA threshold score may be appropriate in a population with a higher prevalence of cognitive impairment such as a memory clinic.
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Woodson, Joshua A. "Assessing the Reliability of Scores Produced by the Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory (SASSI)." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2008. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1945.
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The fundamental principle that reliability is a property of scores and not of instruments provides the foundation of a meta-analytic technique called reliability generalization (RG). RG studies characterize the reliability of scores generated by a given instrument and identify methodological and sample characteristics that contribute to the variability in the reliability of those scores. The present study is an RG of the Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory (SASSI). Reliability estimates were obtained from 19.8% of studies using the SASSI. Bivariate correlations revealed strong, positive correlations between SASSI score reliability and score variability of the Subtle Attributes (r = .877, p < .05) and Family History (r = .892, p < .05) subscales and between score reliability and ethnicity for both the Family History (r = .683, p < .05) and Tendency to Involvement in Correctional Setting (r = .76, p < .05) subscales.
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Heuvelman, Hein Hendrik Pieter. "Ethnicity and psychosis : an investigation of the validity of psychosis screening instruments in the context of cross-cultural population-based survey research." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/ethnicity-and-psychosis--an-investigation-of-the-validity-of-psychosis-screening-instruments-in-the-context-of-crosscultural-populationbased-survey-research(1019c614-3576-4e4b-8487-41a3470c8371).html.
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Population-based evidence suggests that the prevalence of psychotic symptoms varies with ethnicity. However, the validity of these self-reported experiences, both as measures of psychotic symptoms per se and as measures of ethnic variation in risk for reporting these symptoms, is questionable. Cultural background and social position may affect the experience and expression of symptoms, which may in turn affect their measurement in survey research. This thesis explores these issues by assessing the psychometric properties of psychosis screening instruments as measures of ethnic differences in psychosis risk in two contexts, Great Britain and the United States. Following this, differences in risk for reporting psychotic symptoms were examined in the context of the varying social and economic conditions to which different ethnic groups and migrant generations are exposed. This was accomplished in the following way: Firstly, the prevalence of self-reported psychotic symptoms was examined across ethnic and generational groups in two large samples of British and American populations; Secondly, the construct validity of the instruments was assessed by means of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of response to their symptom indicators. The concurrent validity of the symptoms with measures of self-perceived cognitive and social dysfunction was then examined in a structural equation modeling framework; Thirdly, the cross-ethnic and cross-generational validity of response to these screening instruments was assessed in a multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis framework in which in which the psychometric characteristics of the instruments were compared; And finally, ethnic and generational differences in risk for reporting psychotic symptoms were examined in the context of differential exposure to racial discrimination. Both instruments had construct validity in their measurement of psychotic symptoms, with the exception of one item in the British instrument, as well as concurrent validity with measures of self-perceived cognitive or social dysfunction. The British instrument performed adequately in the measurement of psychotic symptoms across ethnic groups, but did not across migrant generations. The American instrument performed adequately in the measurement of psychotic symptoms across generations, but not across ethnic groups. The effect of measurement noninvariance on the estimation of risk across groups was, however, modest in size. Finally, there was evidence for risk of reporting psychotic symptoms being raised among those who were exposed to racial discrimination. These findings suggest that these self-reported psychotic symptoms constitute clinically relevant phenomena which appear phenotypically similar to the clinical symptoms in diagnosed psychotic disorder. Risk is distributed unevenly over ethnic groups in Britain and the US, is higher among minorities who were exposed to social adversity, and higher among the second generation (in most cases). These patterns are, therefore, highly suggestive of social causation in the aetiology of these self-reported symptoms.
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Rait, Greta. "The adaptation and performance of screening instruments for depression and cognitive impairment for use with older African-Caribbean and South Asian populations in the United Kingdom." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2001. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.673820.
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Gaya, Carolina de Meneses. "Estudo de validação de instrumentos de rastreamento para transtornos depressivos, abuso e dependência de álcool e tabaco." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17148/tde-26092011-144558/.
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Os transtornos depressivos, a dependência de tabaco e os transtornos relacionados ao uso de álcool (TRUA) são altamente prevalentes e estão associados a diversas comorbidades. Todavia, permanecem subdiagnosticados e subtratados em diversos contextos de saúde. Dessa forma, o presente estudo teve por objetivos: a) avaliar parâmetros de fidedignidade e validade de instrumentos de rastreamento para transtornos depressivos (Patient Health Questionnaire - two itens [PHQ-2] e Well-Being Index - five itens [WHO-5]), dependência de tabaco (Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence [FTND] e Heaviness of Smoking Index [HSI]) e de álcool (Fast Alcohol Screening Test [FAST], CAGE, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test [AUDIT] e suas versões breves); b) realizar a análise fatorial do WHO-5, FTND e do AUDIT; c) avaliar a comorbidade entre os transtornos supracitados. Participaram dos estudos da fidedignidade teste-reteste 429 universitários e da fidedignidade interavaliadores 41 pacientes do Centro de Atenção Psicossocial - Álcool e Drogas (CAPS-AD). Os estudos da validade preditiva, consistência interna, comorbidade e análise fatorial utilizaram uma amostra de 530 pacientes do Pronto Socorro e do CAPS-AD. A fidedignidade foi estimada por meio do kappa e do coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI). Nos estudos da validade preditiva, a SCID-CV foi a medida diagnóstica comparativa, sendo calculadas as áreas sob a curva ROC (ASC), sensibilidades, especificidades, acurácias, valores preditivos positivos e negativos dos instrumentos. A validade concorrente foi examinada pelo coeficiente de Spearman. O coeficiente alfa de cronbach foi utilizado para aferir a consistência interna. A análise fatorial exploratória foi realizada segundo os critérios de Kaiser. As comorbidades foram avaliadas por meio da regressão logística - odds ratios brutos e ajustados. O nível de significância foi de p<0,05, com intervalo de confiança de 95%. O PHQ-2 e do WHO-5 apresentaram altos índices de fidedignidade (>0,98). Exibiram, também, consistências internas elevadas (0,76 e 0,78, respectivamente). O WHO-5 obteve uma ASC de 0,89; sensibilidade de 0,85 e especificidade de 0,81 no ponto de corte nove. O PHQ-2 apresentou uma ASC de 0,86; sensibilidade de 0,74 e especificidade de 0,87 no ponto de corte três. O WHO-5 exibiu um único fator que explicou 51% da variância dos dados. Os estudos da fidedignidade do FTND resultaram em altos CCI (0,92 no teste-reteste e 0,99 no interavaliadores). Na análise fatorial, o FTND exibiu dois fatores. A consistência interna do FTND foi elevada (0,83), já a do HSI esteve abaixo do recomendado (0,56). O FTND e o HSI apresentaram elevados valores de sensibilidade, especificidade e acurácia. O AUDIT e suas versões abreviadas apresentaram consistências internas entre 0,83 e 0,94. No estudo da validade preditiva, esses instrumentos exibiram ASC entre 0,92 a 0,96, com índices de sensibilidade entre 0,84 e 0,93; e de especificidade de 0,83 a 0,94 para rastrear TRUA. A menor versão, o AUDIT-3 obteve excelentes resultados. No estudo da validade concorrente, observaram-se correlações expressivas entre as versões breves e o AUDIT (0,91 - 0,99). Em todas as avaliações o CAGE apresentou valores satisfatórios, porém inferiores aos das versões breves do AUDIT. Os resultados obtidos confirmam a validade e a confiabilidade das versões brasileiras do WHO-5, PHQ-2, FTND e do HSI, assim como, a eficácia de todas as versões breves do AUDIT, demonstrando que suas propriedades psicométricas são tão satisfatórias quanto às do instrumento completo e superiores as do CAGE. Portanto, o emprego desses instrumentos encontra apoio em sua viabilidade e sua validade, incentivando a sua utilização tanto na prática clínica diária como em pesquisas. Observou-se, neste estudo, que o tabagismo e o abuso e dependência do álcool são importantes preditores de transtornos depressivos e que os dependentes de álcool mostraram quatro vezes mais chance de serem tabagistas.Depressive disorders, tobacco dependence, and alcohol-related disorders (ARD) are highly prevalent and are associated with several comorbidities. Nonetheless, they are still under-diagnosed and under-treated in many health settings. Therefore, this study was aimed at (1) assessing reliability and validity parameters of screening instruments for depressive disorders (Patient Health Questionnaire 2 [PHQ-2] and Well-Being Index 5 [WHO-5]), tobacco dependence (Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence [FTND] and Heaviness of Smoking Index [HSI]), and alcohol dependence (Fast Alcohol Screening Test [FAST], CAGE, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test [AUDIT] and their brief versions); (2) performing the factorial analysis of the WHO-5, FTND, and AUDIT; and (3) assessing the comorbidity between the above-mentioned disorders. The test-retest reliability study involved 429 university students and the inter-rater reliability study included 41 patients of a Center for Psychosocial Attention Alcohol and Drugs (CAPS-AD, in the Portuguese acronym). The assessment of the predictive validity, internal consistency, comorbidity, and factorial analysis involved a sample of 530 patients of an emergency unit and the CAPS-AD. Reliability was estimated by means of kappa and interclass correlation (ICC) coefficients. In the predictive validity studies, the SCID-CV was used as the comparison diagnostic measure, with calculation of the areas under the ROC curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive and negative predictive values of the instruments. Concurrent validity was assessed using Spearmans coefficient. Cronbachs alpha coefficient was used to assess internal consistency. The exploratory factorial analysis was conducted according to Kaisers criteria. Comorbidities were analyzed by logistic regression raw and adjusted odds ratio. The level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05, with a 95% confidence interval. The PHQ-2 and WHO-5 had high levels of reliability (> 0.98) and internal consistency (0.76 and 0.78, respectively). The WHO-5 had an AUC of 0.89; sensitivity of 0.85; and specificity of 0.81 for a cut-off of 9. The PHQ-2 had an AUC of 0.86; sensitivity of 0.74; and specificity of 0.87 for a cut-off of 3. The WHO-5 yielded one single factor, which explained 51% of the data variance. The reliability study of the FTND provided high ICC coefficients (0.92 for test-retest and 0.99 for inter-rater). In the factorial analysis, the FTND yielded two factors. The internal consistency of the FTND was high (0.83), but that of the HIS was below recommended levels (0.56). The FTND and the HIS had high indices of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. The AUDIT and its brief versions had internal consistency values between 0.83 and 0.94. In the study of predictive validity, these instruments had AUC between 0.92 and 0.96, with sensitivity levels between 0.84 and 0.93 and specificity levels ranging from 0.83 and 0.94 for the screening of ARD. The shortest version of the AUDIT (AUDIT-3) had excellent results. In the assessment of concurrent validity, expressive correlations were found between the AUDIT and its brief versions (0.91-0.99). In all analyses, the CAGE had satisfactory results, although inferior to those of the brief versions of the AUDIT. The results confirm the validity and reliability of the Brazilian versions of the WHO-5, PHQ-2, FTND, and HIS, as well as the efficacy of all the brief versions of the AUDIT, demonstrating that their psychometric qualities are as satisfactory as those of the full version of the instrument and superior to those of the CAGE. Therefore, the use of these instruments is supported by their viability and validity, which encourage their use in routine clinical practice and research settings. The results also showed that smoking and alcohol abuse and dependence are important predictors of depressive disorders and that alcoholics had a fourfold higher chance of being smokers.
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Patrão, Ivone Alexandra Martins. "Eu faço, tu fazes, elas ainda não fizeram... : Comportamentos de adesão ao rastreio do cancro do colo do útero." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/762.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Psicologia da SaúdeO objectivo desta investigação é estudar os Comportamentos de Adesão ao rastreio do Cancro do Colo do Útero e explorar quais as variáveis que estão significativamente relacionadas. Esta investigação é de tipo descritivo, correlacional, exploratória e transversal. Definiu-se os Comportamentos de Adesão como a variável principal, e as variáveis de Caracterização das Participantes e as Psicológicas, como as de influência. A amostra é constituída por 400 mulheres ( entre os 18 e 65 anos ) utentes do Centro de Saúde de Peniche, que preencheram um questionário. Para o tratamento dos dados recorreu-se à estatística descritiva, percentual e à estatística não paramétrica. Verificou-se, descritivamente, que existe um comportamento de baixa adesão ( 74,8 % ) à citologia. Os resultados da relação entre variáveis parecem interessantes, pois caracterizam os Comportamentos de (baixa/elevada ) Adesão à citologia. As mulheres com um comportamento de baixa adesão posicionam-se de forma indiferente na crença de obstáculos, têm uma baixa crença de vulnerabilidade e preocupação com o Cancro do Colo do Útero e atribuem um baixo valor à sua saúde. Para além disso, são mais novas, solteiras, não têm filhos, fumam, vão ao Médico por doença, nunca foram a consultas de planeamento familiar, não usam método contraceptivo, as que têm filhos não realizaram a revisão do parto, não têm recomendação médica e não têm intenção de realizar a citologia, e preferem um Médico do sexo feminino. As mulheres com um comportamento de elevada adesão têm uma baixa crença de obstáculos, uma elevada crença de vulnerabilidade e preocupação média com o Cancro do Colo do Útero e atribuem elevado valor à sua saúde. Estas mulheres são mais velhas, casadas, têm filhos, não fumam, vão ao Médico para vigiar a saúde, vão a consultas de planeamento familiar, usam a pílula, realizaram a revisão do parto, têm recomendação médica, intenção de realizar a citologia, e não têm preferência pelo sexo do Médico.
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Church, Rex W. "An investigation of the value of the Peabody picture vocabulary test-revised and the Slosson intelligence test as screening instruments for the fourth edition of the Stanford-Binet intelligence scale." Virtual Press, 1986. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/467365.
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The Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised (PPVT-R) and Slosson Intelligence Test (SIT) were designed, at least in part, to provide a quick estimate of scores which might be obtained on the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, Form L -M, without requiring extensive technical training by the examiner. Both the PPVT-R and SIT are frequently used as screening instruments to identify children for possible placement in special education programs, remedial reading groups, speech and language therapy, gifted programs, or "tracks." This study investigated the value of the PPVT-R and SIT as screening instruments for the Fourth Edition Stanford-Binet.Fifty students, grades kindergarten through fifth, were randomly selected to participate in the study. All subjects were involved in regular education at least part-time. Subjects were administered the PPVT R, SIT, and Fourth Edition Binet by a single licensed school psychologist. The administration order of the instruments was randomized. Participants were tested on consecutive school days (10) until all subjects had been administered the three instruments.Correlation coefficients were determined for the Standard Score of the PPVT-R and each Standard Age Score of the Binet (four area scores and one total test score), as well as for the SIT IQ score and each Standard Age Score of the Binet. All correlations were positive and significant beyond the p<.Ol level except between the PPVT-R and Binet Quantitative Reasoning.Analyses of Variance were used to determine mean differences of scores obtained on the three instruments. Significant differences (p<.05) were found between scores on the PPVT-R and Abstract/Visual Reasoning, SIT and Verbal Reasoning, SIT and Short-Term Memory, SIT and Abstract/Visual Reasoning, and SIT and Total Test Composite.Results indicated that, in general, the SIT is a better predictor of Fourth Edition Binet scores than the PPVT R, however frequently yielded significantly different scores. It was concluded that neither the PPVT R nor SIT should be used as a substitute for more comprehensive measures of intellectual functioning, and caution should be used when interpreting their results. Much more research is needed to clarify the diagnostic value of the Fourth Edition Stanford-Binet as a psychometric instrument.
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Pawlikowski, Mirko [Verfasser], Matthias [Akademischer Betreuer] Brand, and Nicole [Akademischer Betreuer] Krämer. "Pathologische Internetnutzung - Modifizierung und Validierung eines Screening-Instruments, Erfassung differentieller Prädiktoren spezifischer Nutzungsfacetten sowie neuropsychologischer Korrelate am Beispiel des exzessiven Internet-Computerspielens / Mirko Pawlikowski. Gutachter: Nicole Krämer. Betreuer: Matthias Brand." Duisburg, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1018611967/34.
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Rosário, Adriana Moro Maieski do. "Avaliação de instrumentos que investigam abuso de álcool e outras drogas em adolescentes: revisão de literatura." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5137/tde-25042012-104801/.
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INTRODUÇÃO: O abuso no consumo de drogas constitui um problema social e de saúde pública na maioria dos países, pelas consequências negativas que esse consumo provoca sobre o desenvolvimento emocional e físico das pessoas. O início do uso de substâncias tem-se apresentado na população de adolescentes cada vez mais cedo e, como consequência, uma avaliação para identificar comportamentos de risco é imprescindível para triagem e encaminhamentos adequados. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi revisar estudos e descrever três importantes instrumentos validados para o Brasil e utilizados para avaliação do abuso de álcool e outras drogas em adolescentes. MÉTODO: Estudo de revisão de literatura, realizado no período de janeiro de 1998 a agosto de 2010, em publicações nas bases de dados: Adolec, MedLine, Lilacs, PubMed e SciELO. Na seleção dos estudos, foram avaliados: artigos com aplicação dos instrumentos DUSI-R, Teen ASI e CBCL; o detalhamento do instrumento utilizado para diagnóstico; utilização de algum indicador de desempenho do instrumento; qualidade do estudo que permita avaliação do desempenho do instrumento, assim como a sua coerência com a literatura. RESULTADOS: Foram encontrados 767 artigos e, de acordo com os critérios de inclusão, foram avaliados 54, após as exclusões daqueles que não atenderam aos critérios. Os artigos com aplicação do instrumento DUSI-R foram 30, sendo 25 referentes a intervenções, prevalência e outros. Os estudos sobre validação do instrumento foram 5, com taxas de sensibilidade variando de 80 a 85% e especificidade variando de 70 a 90%. Outra medida foi a consistência interna com Alfa de Cronbach de 0,91 a 0,9451, apresentada em dois estudos. Já os artigos com aplicação do Teen ASI foram 12, sendo 8 estudos sobre intervenção, prevalência e outros. Para a validação do instrumento, foram encontrados 4 estudos, com taxa de confiabilidade em 2 estudos com r variando entre 0,69 e 0,90, um estudo com consistência interna com Alfa de Cronbach de 0,54 a 0,88 e outro estudo que avaliou a área sobre a curva de ROC = 0,88. Finalmente, os artigos com aplicação do CBCL foram 12, dos quais 8 foram sobre prevalência e fatores de risco. As medidas de desempenho do instrumento foram apresentadas em 4 estudos, sendo que dois mediram a taxa de sensibilidade do instrumento, variando de 80,4 a 87%. Ainda, um estudo apresentou consistência interna com Alfa de Cronbach entre 0,85 e 0,94 e outro estudou as propriedades psicométricas conforme dados da versão alemã do CBCL. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados dos estudos apontam que os instrumentos pesquisados avaliam o abuso de álcool e outras drogas em adolescentes, possuindo boas propriedades psicométricas, porém de formas diferentes. O Teen ASI e o DUSI-R identificam e avaliam o uso de substâncias e outras áreas da vida. Por sua vez, o CBCL é voltado para avaliar a saúde mental do adolescente, não sendo específico para avaliar o abuso de álcool e outras drogas. Portanto, na escolha de instrumentos de avaliação, é importante considerar: organização do tempo, investimento na formação de profissionais e consolidação dos resultados que contribua efetivamente na melhora do tratamentoINTRODUCTION: The substance abuse is a major social problem in public health in most countries, due to the negative consequences of this behavior on the physical and emotional development of the people involved. The initiation phase of the substance abuse is beginning at earlier ages, and, as a consequence of that, an assessment to identify risk behaviors is very important for an acurate triage and subsequent steps. The objective of this study was to review studies and to describe 3 important instruments validated for Brazil and applied for the assessment of substance abuse in adolescents. METHOD: A literature review study, in the period from January of 1998 to August of 2010, in the databases of: Adolec, MedLine, Lilacs, PubMed and SciELO. In the selection of the studies the following criteria were evaluated: articles with application of the instruments DUSI-R, Teen ASI, and CBCL; the detailing of the instrument utilized for diagnostics; utilization of a performance indicator; quality of the study that enables the performance assessment of the instrument, and its coherence with the literature. RESULTS: 767 articles were found according to the inclusion criteria, and 54 of them were analysed, after the exclusions of the ones that did not meet the detailed criteria. 30 articles for the DUSI-R instrument were found, 25 of them related to interventions, prevalence and others. 5 studies were related to the validation of the instrument, with sensitivity rates varying from 80 to 85% and specificity variying from 70 to 90%. Another measure was the internal consistency with Cronbachs Alpha varying from 0.91 to 0.9451, presented in two studies. For the Teen ASI, 12 articles were found, and 8 of them were related to intervention, prevalence and others. For the validation of the instrument, 4 studies were found, with the reliability in 2 studies varying from r = 0.69 to 0.90, one study with internal consistency with Cronbachs Alpha varying from 0.54 to 0.88 and another study with the area under the ROC curve = 0.88. For the CBCL, 12 studies were found, and 8 of them were related to the prevalence and risk factors. The performance measures were presented in 4 studies, where 2 instruments measured the sensitivity rate varying from 80.4 to 87%. One study report the Cronbachs Alpha between 0.85 and 0.94, and another study studied the psicometric properties for the German version. CONCLUSION: The results of the studies suggest that the instruments included on the research evaluate the substance abuse in adolescents, with good psychometric properties, although in different ways. The Teen ASI and DUSI-R evaluate the substance abuse and other areas of life. The CBCL is useful to evaluate the mental health, and its not specific to conduct an assessment for substance abuse. So, when choosing assessment instruments, its important to consider: time management, investment in the education of the professionals; and consolidation of the results that contribute effectively to the improvement of the treatment
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Klikunas, Wojciech. "Construct validity of the Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory (SASSI) as a screening instrument for alcoholism." Virtual Press, 1988. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/546154.
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The purpose of the study was to evaluate the construct validity of the Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory (SASSI) as a screening test for alcoholism. The study sample consisted of 238 participants. These included 50 alcoholics, 50 normals, 50 psychiatric outpatients, 50 co-dependent family members and 38 drug addicts, so classified by clinician diagnosis.All participants were administered the SASSI and also the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST) and the MacAndrew Alcoholism-Screening Scale (AMAC). Correct classification rates for all three tests were determined using both a five-group criterion of classifying as an alcoholic, normal, psychiatric outpatient, co-dependent or drug addict, and a simpler two-group criterion of classifying as a substance abuser or non-abuser. Five null hypotheses were tested using Chi-square (alpha = .01) tests for equal proportions of classification accuracy. A sixth null hypothesis was tested using linear discriminant function analyses.Results Five-group criterion:1. The three tests differed in correctly classifying alcoholics, with the MAST statistically significantly superior to the AMAC and the SASSI.2. The three tests differed in correctly classifying normals, with the MAST and the AMAC statistically significantly superior to the SASSI.3. The three tests differed in correctly classifying psychiatric outpatients, with the AMAC statistically significantly superior to the SASSI.4. The three tests differed in correctly classifying drug addicts, with the AMAC and the SASSI statistically significantly superior to the MAST.5. The three tests did not differ to a statistically significant degree in classifying codependents.Two-group criterion (abuser/non-abuser):1. The three tests differed in correctly classifying alcoholics, with the MAST statitically significantly superior to the AMAC and the SASSI.2. The three tests differed in correctly classifying normals, with the SASSI statistically significantly superior to the AMAC and the MAST.3. The three tests differed in correctly classifying psychiatric outpatients, with the SASSI and the AMAC statistically significantly superior to the MAST.4. The three tests differed in correctly classifying drug addicts, with the MAST statistically significantly superior to the AMAC and the SASSI.5. The three tests differed in correctly classifying co-dependents, with the SASSI statistically significantly superior to the AMAC and the MAST.Employing the two-group criterion, all tests vastly improved their performance with the SASSI significantly superior to the MAST and the AMAC at author-recommended cutting scores. Increasing the cutting score for the MAST improved classification accuracy even further. Employing the linear discriminant function, the three tests differed significantly, with the MAST statistically significantly superior to all other scales.ConclusionsNone of the three scales performed adequately with the five-group criterion. The simpler two-group criterion produced an 87% classification accuracy rate for the SASSI with the study sample at author-recommended cutting scores, which was statistically significantly superior to the MAST and the AMAC. The highest classification accuracy rates of 90.3% and 91.2% respectively were produced by the MAST at elevated cutting scores of 10 and 12 in the two-group criterion. These parallelled linear discriminant function results for the MAST.Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services
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Fultz, Monica V. "Psychometric validation of the Hispanic Bilingual Gifted Screening Instrument (HBGSI)." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2429.
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There is an evident under-representation of Hispanic students in Gifted and Talented (GT) programs. This is due to several reasons including lack of valid instruments, biased standardized tools, biased teacher perceptions, and misinterpretation of tests scores among others. The need to develop and/or validate instruments that reflect students?? cultural backgrounds has become a priority in the U.S. today. The purpose of this study was to analyze the reliability and validity facets of the Hispanic Bilingual Gifted Screening Instrument (HBGSI) developed by Irby and Lara-Alecio (1996), more specifically, the split-half reliability and the concurrent validity when correlated to the Bilingual Verbal Abilities Test (BVAT). Participants were 527 students from two elementary schools in Texas. Students were administered the HBGSI in May 2003 and a reduced sample was administered the BVAT in the latter part of 2003 and the beginning of 2004. Results were analyzed, interpreted and discussed. The researcher found that the HBGSI has evidence of high reliability coefficients using Guttman, Spearman-Brown and Cronbach??s alpha ranging from .93 to .97. Concurrent validity was computed using Pearson correlation coefficient r =.39. Additionally, an exploratory factor analysis was conducted and revealed the existence of 5 factors. Among the primary limitations is the generalizability of the findings. Readers should use caution in applying the findings of this study to other settings and populations. Further research is recommended to establish the concurrent validity of the HBGSI with other achievement measures. In conclusion, there has been a contemporary move to the incorporation of inclusive screening instruments for use with language minority students. This movement suggests the inclusion of portfolio and performance assessment, checklists, and teacher observations in addition to standardized measures. The HBGSI has shown promising results in the arena of Hispanic gifted identification. This instrument is recommended to be used at the first stage of the screening process of potential Hispanic GT students. This study provided insight into the improvement of practices and identification of Hispanic bilingual students.
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Pomes, Maria, and Maria Pomes. "Examination of the Spanish Translation of a Developmental Screening Instrument." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12332.
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Immigrant populations are growing and permanently changing the demographic profile of the United States. Diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds are manifested in the families in each community, imposing demands and challenges to agencies that provide services to them. A large population of immigrant families, especially first and second generations, experiences a process of acculturation while they are adapting to a new country. Recognizing this reality is crucial when culturally sensitive screening services are offered. Culturally sensitive assessments are not always available to families with young children, and psychometric properties of these instruments are not always thoughtfully studied. As a consequence, families might not receive reliable information about their children's skills. Psychometric examination of properties of screening tools is required to be responsive to the needs of diverse families. This study is aimed at examining the item equivalence of the Ages and Stages Questionnaires 3rd Edition (ASQ-3) for the 9, 18 and 30 month intervals and the cultural appropriateness, readability and utility of the Spanish ASQ-3 translation.
Quantitative and qualitative techniques were used to determine item characteristic invariance across the English and Spanish versions and cultural appropriateness. Findings show that most of the ASQ-3 items function invariantly across language versions, indicating that these items are productive for gathering information, present an adequate hierarchy difficulty for order of items, and are properly using the response categories included on the tool. In addition, most of the values and qualities selected by parents are congruent with the content of activities included on the ASQ-3 items. Parents identified questions as useful for helping them to think more about their children's development. Accessible and sensitive instruments may facilitate parent participation in assessment, increasing the number of children correctly identified as having developmental risk regardless of ethnicity or linguistic background. Implications for practice and research are discussed, supporting cross-cultural studies on parent-completed questionnaires as an effective strategy for conducting screening and monitoring of young children's development in a context of cultural and linguistic diversity.
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Beste, Christian, Moritz Mückschel, Madlen Paucke, and Tjalf Ziemssen. "Dual-Tasking in Multiple Sclerosis – Implications for a Cognitive Screening Instrument." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-233900.
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The monitoring of cognitive functions is central to the assessment and consecutive management of multiple sclerosis (MS). Though, especially cognitive processes that are central to everyday behavior like dual-tasking are often neglected. We examined dual-task performance using a psychological-refractory period (PRP) task in N = 21 patients and healthy controls and conducted standard neuropsychological tests. In dual-tasking, MS patients committed more erroneous responses when dual-tasking was difficult. In easier conditions, performance of MS patients did not differ to controls. Interestingly, the response times were generally not affected by the difficulty of the dual task, showing that the deficits observed do not reflect simple motor deficits or deficits in information processing speed but point out deficits in executive control functions and response selection in particular. Effect sizes were considerably large with d∼0.80 in mild affected patients and the achieved power was above 99%. There are cognitive control and dual tasking deficits in MS that are not attributable to simple motor speed deficits. Scaling of the difficulty of dual-tasking makes the test applied suitable for a wide variety of MS-patients and may complement neuropsychological assessments in clinical care and research setting.
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MORAIS, Glaucia Queiroz. "Auto-triagem como instrumento para avaliação do risco nutricional em adultos hospitalizados." Universidade Federal de Pernanambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/18055.
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A desnutrição é um achado comum em pacientes hospitalizados e muitas vezes seu quadro é agravado pela falta de diagnóstico precoce. Cuidados nutricionais adequados começam com a identificação de pacientes em risco nutricional (RN) no momento do internamento, por intermédio de uma ferramenta de triagem. Entretanto, com o aumento de admissões hospitalares, torna-se impraticável ao profissional de saúde triar todos os pacientes em tempo hábil. O presente estudo, do tipo de avaliação, teve como objetivo avaliar a aplicabilidade de um instrumento de auto-triagem nutricional em pacientes adultos de ambos os sexos admitidos para internamento no período de julho a outubro de 2015 em um hospital público de Pernambuco. A auto-triagem nutricional foi realizada pelos pacientes elegíveis, como também pelo pesquisador, e ao final sua concordância foi avaliada pelo coeficiente Kappa. A avaliação da diferença entre a altura e o peso aferidos pelo avaliador e a altura referida e o peso aferido pelo paciente foi realizada por meio do teste de Wilcoxon, sendo construído o gráfico de Bland & Altman. Para avaliar a associação entre variáveis clínicas e sociodemográficas com o risco nutricional identificado pelo avaliador foi realizado teste do Qui-quadrado. O estudo envolveu 171 pacientes, sendo 59,1% do sexo feminino. A idade média dos pacientes foi de 51,7 ± 15,3 anos. Os resultados mostraram que um percentual elevado 47,9% (n=82) de pacientes não conseguiram realizar a auto-triagem, devolvendo o formulário ao pesquisador em branco ou incompleto, sendo o baixo grau de instrução e idade uma das principais razões. O peso médio registrado pelo paciente (68,4Kg ± 15,0) foi semelhante ao aferido pelo nutricionista (68,2Kg ± 15,1), resultado similar foi evidenciado na comparação entre a altura referida pelo paciente e a aferida pelo nutricionista, com diferencial de 0,03cm. Na comparação entre o RN avaliado pelo profissional de nutrição e o RN avaliado pelo paciente na auto-triagem, verifica-se que houve concordância no diagnóstico de RN em 91,9% dos casos e que 26,9% dos pacientes considerados sem risco pelo profissional foram incluídos como risco na auto-triagem. Na análise realizada pelo Kappa houve moderada concordância entre os dois diagnósticos (k=0,62; p=0,001). Na avaliação da concordância entre as duas aferições de peso e altura com o teste de Bland Altman, verificou-se uma boa concordância, com viés próximo a zero nas duas avaliações. De um modo geral, consideramos satisfatória, para a prática clínica, os resultados da auto-triagem. No entanto, como somente 52,1% da população foi capaz de responder o instrumento, conclui-se que ainda não é viável sua inclusão em um serviço que atenda pessoas de baixo grau de instrução, sugerindo então que novas pesquisas e adaptações para auto-triagem sejam realizadas.
Malnutrition is a common finding in hospitalized patients, and often the condition deteriorates for lack of an early diagnosis. Proper nutritional care begins with the identification of patients at nutritional risk by use of a screening tool on admission. However, as hospital admissions increase, it is impossible for health professionals to screen all patients in a timely manner. The present study aimed to assess the applicability of a nutritional self-screening tool in adult males and females admitted to a public hospital in Pernambuco between July and October of 2015. Nutritional self-screening was performed by eligible patients and by the researcher, and later their agreement was measured by the Kappa coefficient. The differences between the self-reported and measured weight and height were assessed by Wilcoxon’s test, with subsequent construction of the Bland & Altman graph. The chi-square test measured whether clinical and sociodemographic variables were associated with nutritional risk diagnosed by the researcher. The study included 171 patients, of which 59.1% were females. The mean age of the sample was 51.7 ± 15.3 years. A considerable percentage of patients (47.9%, n=82) could not screen themselves, returning the self-screening form in blank or incomplete mainly because of low education level. The mean self-reported weight (68.4 ± 15.0 Kg) was similar to the weight measured by a dietician (68.2 ± 15.1 kg). A similar result was obtained for height as the self-reported and measured heights differed by 0.03 cm. Self-assessed and professionally assessed nutritional risk agreed in 91.9% of the cases, and 26.9% of the patients considered not at risk by the professional were considered at risk according to their self-assessment.According to the Kappa coefficient, the two diagnoses had moderate agreement (k=0.62; p=0.001). The agreements between self-reported and measured weight and height according to the Bland &Altman test were good, with a bias close to zero. Generally, self-screening for clinical practice was considered satisfactory. However, since only 52.1% of the samplemanaged to answer the instrument, its use byhealth care facilities that cater to individuals with low education level is not yet viable, suggesting that new self-screening studies and adaptations are needed.
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Weil, Jennifer Mindy Goldstein Naomi E. Sevin. "Developing a substance use screening instrument: the juvenile offender substance abuse screen /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/1230.
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Oesch, Maureen. "A further validation study of the Screening for At-Risk Status instrument." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0035/MQ47354.pdf.
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Baker, Susan Anita. "Prostate Cancer Screening Intention Among African American Men: An Instrument Development Study." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002694.
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Henz, Aline. "Diagnóstico da síndrome pré-menstrual : comparação de dois instrumentos - registro diário da intensidade dos problemas (DRSP) e instrumento de rastreamento de sintomas pré-menstruais (PSST)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/139773.
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Introdução: O diagnóstico da Síndrome Pré-menstrual (SPM) é um desafio. O uso de questionários estruturados está bem estabelecido, e a ferramenta mais aceita é o DRSP, um questionário prospectivo auto preenchido por ao menos dois meses. O PSST é um questionário retrospectivo de autoaplicação, preenchido em um único momento. Objetivo: comparar estes dois instrumentos (PSST e DRSP) para o diagnóstico da SPM. Método: Um estudo transversal com 127 mulheres entre 20 a 45 anos com queixas de SPM. As mulheres foram avaliadas quanto ao peso, altura, Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC). Após exclusão de casos de depressão através do Prime-MD, as pacientes completaram o PSST e foram orientadas a preencherem o DRSP durante dois meses. A concordância entre os dois questionários foi avaliado pelo cálculo de Kappa (k) e valores do coeficiente PABAK. Resultados: Do total de mulheres que atenderam ao chamado, 282 (74%) preencheram os critérios de elegibilidade e responderam o PSST. Entre estas 282 mulheres, somente 127 (45%) completaram o questionário diário (DRSP) por dois ciclos. O percentual das mulheres com diagnóstico de SPM através do DRSP foi de 74,8%, e pelo PSST foi 41,7%. O percentual das mulheres com diagnóstico de TDPM pelo DRSP foi de 3,9%, e pelo PSST foi de 34,6%. Assim, verificou-se uma maior prevalência de SPM com o DRSP do que com o PSST. De outra parte a TDPM foi mais dignosticada pelo PSST do que com o DRSP. O número de pacientes consideradas “normais” foi semelhante com os dois instrumentos. Na avaliação entre os dois instrumentos verificou-se não haver nenhuma concordância (Kappa = 0,12) nos resultados do diagnóstico de SPM e TDPM (Coeficiente Pabak resultou = 0,39). Para a trigem de SPM/TDPM o PSST tem uma sensibilidade de 79% e especificidade de 33,3%. Conclusão: O PSST deve ser considerado como uma ferramenta de triagem diagnóstica. Conclui-se que os casos SPM/TDPM do PSST devem ser sempre melhor avaliados pelo DRSP.Background: The diagnosis of Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a challenge. The use of structured questionnaires is well established and the most accepted is the DRSP, a prospectively self-administered questionnaire that needs two months at least to be completed. The PSST is a retrospective self-scale questionnaire, filled at a single time. Aim: To compare these two instruments (PSST and DRSP) to diagnosis PMS. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 127 women between 20 and 45 years with PMS complaints. The women were evaluated about weight, high, Body Mass Index (BMI). After the exclusion of depression by the Prime-MD Questionnaire, the PSST was completed and the women were oriented to complete the DRSP for two months. The agreement between the two questionnaires was assessed by calculating the Kappa (k) and PABAK values. Results: 282 (74% of all the women) women met eligibility criteria and answered the PSST. Only 127 (45% of the 282 women) completed the daily questionnaire (DRSP) for two cycles. The percentual of women with PMS diagnosis by the DRSP was 74.8%, and by PSST was 41.7%. The percentual of women with PMDD diagnosis by the DRSP was 3.9%, and by the PSST was 34.6%. The number of patients considered “normal” (with the symptoms above the necessary for the diagnostic the PMS) was similar with both questionnaires. We found no agreement between the two instruments (Kappa = 0.12) in the diagnosis of PMS and PMDD (Pabak coefficient keep this result = 0.39). For screening PMS/PMDD the PSST has a sensitivity of 79% and a specificity 33.3%. Conclusion: The PSST should be considered as diagnostic screening tool. We concluded that positive PMD/PMDD cases of PSST should be ever better evaluated by DRSP.
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Lemasters, Shelley J. "The comparative analysis of the dyslexia screening instrument and the dyslexia screen tool." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2004. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=513.
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Lino, Valeria Teresa Saraiva. "Triagem de problemas de saúde de idosos na atenção primária com um instrumento multidimensional." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2011. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/13633.
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Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
O objetivo desta tese é avaliar um instrumento para triagem de problemas de saúde de idosos para uso na atenção primária, a partir da realização de três estudos: o primeiro artigo descreve a adaptação transcultural e a análise da confiabilidade da Escala de Independência em Atividades de Vida Diária (EIAVD), parte da qual foi utilizada no instrumento final. Duas traduções e duas retraduções analisaram as equivalências conceitual, de itens e semântica para a escolha da versão final. Já a equivalência operacional foi avaliada testando-se a confiabilidade por meio de teste-reteste em 156 idosos. O segundo trabalho relata os resultados da avaliação do apoio social (AS) a idosos, onde se verificou o nível de apoio material, emocional e a interação social positiva de 180 indivíduos. A associação entre AS e estado conjugal, autoavaliaçao de saúde (AVS), humor e doenças crônicas foi analisada por meio de regressão logística. O terceiro artigo detalha as propriedades psicométricas de um instrumento de rastreamento, aplicado em uma amostra de 165 idosos, tendo-se a avaliação geriátrica ampla como padrão-ouro. Estimou-se a confiabilidade entre o exame médico e a triagem para visão, audição, força, mobilidade, AVS, quedas, Índice de Massa Corporal, incontinência urinária (IU), verificando-se, também, a sensibilidade e especificidade de testes para rastreamento de depressão, AS e independência em atividades instrumentais de vida diária (AIVDs). Os resultados apontaram para adequada adaptação transcultural da EIAVD, cuja versão em português provou ser equivalente à original em inglês. Quanto ao AS, houve associação entre ausência de depressão e AS satisfatório (OR= 2,32; IC 95% 1,07-5,02). Por fim, a confiabilidade entre os itens da ferramenta de rastreamento e a avaliação médica foi satisfatória para os itens mensurados pelos examinadores e insatisfatória para aqueles avaliados subjetivamente (AVS, pergunta sobre perda auditiva e IU). A sensibilidade e especificidade dos testes de rastreamento de depressão (0,78/ 0,71) e AS (0,68/ 0,80) foram aceitáveis, ao contrário do que ocorreu com as AIVDs (0,52/ 0,81). Concluiu-se que o uso de um instrumento de triagem é factível na atenção primária, devendo-se priorizar os testes com mensuração objetiva pelo examinador, sendo necessários ajustes nas ferramentas de triagem de AIVDs, AVS e IU, de forma a auxiliar a compreensão de idosos com baixa escolaridade e melhorar a acurácia dos instrumentos aplicados nessa parcela da população.
This research aims at assessing the validity of a health screening instrument to be used in primary care of the elderly. Three studies were done. The first one describes the cross cultural adaptation and reliability assessment of The Independence in Activities of Daily Living Scale (IADLS), part of which was used in the final instrument. The conceptual, items and semantic equivalences were analyzed by two translations and back translations, in order to choose the final version. The operational equivalence was checked by assessing the reliability through test re-test in 156 elderly people. The second one assesses the social support in a geriatric consultation. The levels of material and emotional support, and the positive social interaction were analyzed. The association between social support and marital status, self- health perception (SHP), humor and chronic diseases was analyzed by logistic regression. Part of the abbreviated scale was used in final screening instrument construction. The third one verifies the psychometric properties of the screening tool, applied to a sample of 165 elderly people, using the geriatric global assessment as the gold standard. The reliability between the screening and the medical examination was estimated for vision, hearing, handgrip strength, mobility, SHP, falls, body mass index, and independence in activities of daily living (IADL). The results demonstrated a correct cross cultural adaptation of the IADLS, which Portuguese version proved to be equivalent to the English original. As to the social support, there was an association between the absence of depression and satisfactory social support (OR= 2.32; CI 95% 1.07- 5.02). At the end, the reliability between the screening tool items and the geriatric assessment was considered adequate to the items measured directly by the examiner, and inadequate to those assessed in a subjective way through questioning (SHP, hearing deficit, and urinary incontinence). The sensibility and specificity of the depression (0.78/ 0.71) and social support (0.52/ 0.81) screening were acceptable, while the same indicators were inacceptable for the IADL (0.52/ 0.81). We conclude that the use of a screening tool for the primary health care is feasible, giving the due priority to the objective assessment instruments. It is necessary to adjust the screening IADL, urinary incontinence and SHP, in order to improve understanding of elderly people with low level of schooling and the accuracy of these tests in this group.
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Hagemann, Paula de Marchi Scarpin. "Transtorno neurocognitivo leve e doença renal crônica : o uso de diferentes instrumentos de screening /." Bauru, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192822.
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Orientador: Flávia Heloísa dos SantosResumo: Introdução: A doença renal crônica (DRC) atinge um percentual significativo de idosos, além de estar relacionada a uma série de comorbidades, em especial, o transtorno neurocognitivo leve (TNL). A diminuição da taxa de filtração glomerular está significativamente associada a déficits globais na cognição, função executiva, linguagem e memória. Em virtude disso, a triagem cognitiva é fundamental para a população com DRC. Objetivo geral: Estimar a prevalência de TNL em doentes renais crônicos em tratamento dialítico, comparando com um grupo controle (GC) pareado por sexo e idade, e contrastar o uso de diferentes instrumentos de screening para esta finalidade. Material e método: Estudo transversal, caso-controle, no qual foram avaliados 54 pacientes em HD (GHD) e 54 controles saudáveis (GC), pareados por sexo e idade. Os pacientes foram submetidos a avaliação neuropsicológica, compreendida por testes de triagem (Mini-Exame do Estado Mental – MEEM; Avaliação Cognitiva de Montreal – MoCA; Mini-Cog), teste de inteligência (Escala Wechsler Abreviada de Inteligência – WASI), avaliação de qualidade de vida (QV) (The Medical Outcomes Study 36 item Short-Form Health Survey- SF-36), sintomas de ansiedade e depressão (Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck – BAI; Inventário de Depressão de Beck), complementados por dados sociodemográficos, clínicos e laboratoriais. Resultados: O GHD tinha medianas de 60 anos (50-67; intervalo interquartil) de idade, tempo de tratamento de 23 meses (10-51) e 40,74... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects a significant percentage of the elderly, and is also related to a series of comorbidities, especially mild neurocognitive disorder (mNCD). The decrease in the glomerular filtration rate is significantly associated with global deficits in cognition, executive function, language and memory. As a result, cognitive screening is essential for the population with CKD. General objective: To estimate the prevalence of mNCD in patients with CKD undergoing dialysis, comparing to a control group (CG) matched by sex and age, and to contrast the use of different screening instruments for this purpose. Material and methods: Cross-sectional, case-control study, in which 54 patients on HD (HDG) and 54 healthy controls (CG), matched by sex and age, were evaluated. Patients underwent neuropsychological assessment, comprising screening tests (Mini-Mental State Examination - MMSE; Montreal Cognitive Assessment - MoCA; Mini-Cog), intelligence test (Wechsler Abbreviated Intelligence Scale - WASI), assessment of quality of life (QOL) (The Medical Outcomes Study 36 item Short-Form Health Survey- SF-36), symptoms of anxiety and depression (Beck Anxiety Inventory - BAI; Beck Depression Inventory - BDI), complemented by sociodemographic, clinical and laboratory data. Results: The HDG had medians of 60 years-old (50-67; interquartile range), treatment time of 23 months (10-51) and 40.74% had DM as the underlying disease. The groups did not differ in age... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Simpson, Neill John. "Psychiatric disorders in people with learning disabilities : measuring prevalence and validating a screening instrument." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.694536.
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Psychiatric disorders in people with learning disabilities are often undetected because the possibility of a mental health problem is not considered. Instruments used for detection of psychiatric disorders in the general population have not been shown to be appropriate for this population. At present, the instruments with the best information about satisfactory validity in this population are the PASADD interview as a diagnostic instrument for adults, the Reiss Screen as a detection instrument in . adults, and the Developmental Behaviour Checklist in children and adolescents. Aims: to ascertain the validity of screening questionnaires in detecting psychiatric disorders among adults with learning disabilities. To compare the characteristics of a new screening questionnaire (the PASADD Checklist) with an existing instrument (The Reiss Screen for Maladaptive Behavior). To make an estimate of the prevalence of psychiatric disorder in a population of adults with moderate and severe learning disabilities. To compare the prevalence of psychiatric disorder in this population with that of the general population. Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study with a 25% random sample drawn from a register of adults using health and social services for people with learning disabilities in a metropolitan borough in the North-West of England in 1996-7, using a semi-standardized interview, the Psychiatric Assessment Schedule for Adults with Developmental Disabilities (PAS-ADD) as a ’gold standard’ to undertake Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis, and to calculate the best cutoff score of a new instrument, the PASADD Checklist, and the Reiss Screen. A further 12.7% random sample was added to measure prevalence. Results: The response rate was 84%. 146 adult users of learning disability services took part, with their main carers who acted as informants. 18 individuals (12.3%) were diagnosed using the ICD-lO Diagnostic Criteria for Research. DSM-IV Axis I diagnoses were made for 38 individuals (26.0%). Internal consistency for the PASADD Checklist was good. Four scoring methods were examined, and the one with the best screening performance was the simplest -counting any positive response to an item as 1 and adding up the number of symptoms reported. The best agreement with the PASADD interview was obtained by using information only from the main carer. Correlation between the Checklist score and the severity of psychiatric disorder was fair. The best cutoff score was 3 (Detection Rate = 100%, False Positive Rate = 54% when compared with the ICD-10 Diagnostic Criteria for Research; DR = 91 %, FPR = 47% compared with DSM› IV diagnosis). Conclusion: Psychiatric disorders with recent symptoms sufficient to make a diagnosis were found in 26% of adults with learning disability in a survey of service users. The PASADD Checklist is acceptable to carers, and gives satisfactory screening performance with a simple scoring method.
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Kalbe, Elke, Pasquale Calabrese, Nils Kohn, Rüdiger Hilker, Oliver Riedel, Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, Richard Dodel, Jörg Otto, Georg Ebersbach, and Josef Kessler. "Screening for cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease with the Parkinson neuropsychometric dementia assessment (PANDA) instrument." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-110330.
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Cognitive and affective dysfunctions are frequent but often neglected symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD). We developed the screening tool Parkinson neuropsychometric dementia assessment (PANDA) with five cognitive tasks and a short depression questionnaire. Healthy subjects and patients without cognitive impairment (PD), mild cognitive disorder (PD-MCD), or dementia (PDD) were examined. The cognition part had a specificity of 91% and a sensitivity of 90% for PDD and 77% for PDD plus PD-MCD patients. The mood questionnaire also had high sensitivity and specificity. We conclude that the PANDA is an economical, easy-to-use and sensitive tool to detect neuropsychological dysfunctions in PD patients in clinical practice.
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Belsito, Laura. "Early identification of elementary-level students at risk for school failure, validating a screening instrument." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq24441.pdf.
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Kalbe, Elke, Pasquale Calabrese, Nils Kohn, Rüdiger Hilker, Oliver Riedel, Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, Richard Dodel, Jörg Otto, Georg Ebersbach, and Josef Kessler. "Screening for cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease with the Parkinson neuropsychometric dementia assessment (PANDA) instrument." Technische Universität Dresden, 2008. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A26831.
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Cognitive and affective dysfunctions are frequent but often neglected symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD). We developed the screening tool Parkinson neuropsychometric dementia assessment (PANDA) with five cognitive tasks and a short depression questionnaire. Healthy subjects and patients without cognitive impairment (PD), mild cognitive disorder (PD-MCD), or dementia (PDD) were examined. The cognition part had a specificity of 91% and a sensitivity of 90% for PDD and 77% for PDD plus PD-MCD patients. The mood questionnaire also had high sensitivity and specificity. We conclude that the PANDA is an economical, easy-to-use and sensitive tool to detect neuropsychological dysfunctions in PD patients in clinical practice.
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Maia, Rodrigo da Silva. "Adapta??o transcultural para o Portugu?s/Brasil do instrumento vulnerability to abuse screening scale (VASS)." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2014. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17560.
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Previous issue date: 2014-05-30Esse trabalho objetivou promover a adapta??o transcultural para o Brasil da VASS. Os passos para adapta??o transcultural seguir?o a proposta de operacionaliza??o alicer?ado na aprecia??o de diferentes tipos de equival?ncia: a conceitual e de itens, a sem?ntica e a de mensura??o. Para alcan?ar as duas primeiras etapas utilizou-se as t?cnicas de tradu??o e retrotradu??o associada ao procedimento intitulado Painel de Especialistas. Para o pr?-teste e verifica??o de equival?ncia de mensura??o, aplicou-se o question?rio com uma popula??o de 30 e 66 idosos, respectivamente. Para as an?lises dos resultados foi utilizada a estat?stica descritiva e inferencial, em especial o KR-20, teste T de student, correla??o de Pearson e ANOVA univariada, bem como o m?todo kappa de Fleiss para verifica??o do ?ndice de confiabilidade. Verificou-se que o conceito utilizado para constru??o do instrumento, bem como seus itens se mostram adequados ? investiga??o do fen?meno. Evidenciou-se boa equival?ncia sem?ntica entre os itens das retrotradu??es e do instrumento original, especialmente quanto aos resultados de T1 R1. Os ju?zes optaram pelo uso de 11 itens de T1 ? vers?o-s?ntese. A equival?ncia operacional mostrou-se satisfat?ria. Em geral, os resultados apresentados mostraram-se aceit?veis. Quanto ? etapa da equival?ncia de mensura??o, verificou-se que a idade dos participantes variou entre 60 a 84 anos, prevalecendo respondentes idosas (n = 38), representando 57,6% da amostra estudada. O valor do KR-20 para o escore geral do instrumento foi de 0,688 (IC95%: 0,670). Os valores encontrados para as quatro dimens?es propostas pelos autores do estudo inicial do instrumento foram 0,528, 0,289, 0,552 e 0,303, respectivamente. Apenas os valores de consist?ncia interna das subescalas Vulnerabilidade e Coer??o mostraram-se aproximados aos encontrados no estudo original, a saber, 0,550 e 0,390, respectivamente. Verificou-se que com a retirada dos itens n? 04, n? 06 e n? 10, houve aumento do ?ndice de consist?ncia interna da escala total. J? quanto aos valores da consist?ncia interna das subescalas, percebeu-se que apenas com a retirada dos itens n? 09, referente ? escala que dimensiona o Des?nimo, e n? 12, item da subescala Coer??o, ? que houve acr?scimo nesses valores. Destaca-se que esses s?o resultados preliminares, uma vez que ap?s a verifica??o da adequabilidade e de padr?es psicom?tricos iniciais acerca do uso do instrumento para a popula??o idosa, ainda h? de se dar continuidade ? etapa concernente ? verifica??o de propriedades psicom?tricas robustas do instrumento, que indiquem, por exemplo, evid?ncias de fidedignidade em situa??o de teste-reteste, validade de constructo e de crit?rio, se poss?vel e aplic?vel. A principal limita??o do estudo ? a falta de um instrumento padr?o-ouro para testar a fidedignidade, sensibilidade e especificidade do instrumento em quest?o. Apesar desta limita??o, a adapta??o transcultural e a verifica??o de propriedades psicom?tricas preliminares do instrumento de uma medida de autorrelato que afere indicativo de viol?ncia dom?stica contra o idoso tem sua relev?ncia e foi satisfat?ria
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Johnson, Lesli R. "Predicitive [sic] validity of the Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument-Second Version in a juvenile offender population." Virtual Press, 2006. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1337198.
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Although the Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument – Second Version (MAYSI-2) has been widely accepted as a short mental health screener in the juvenile justice system, its utility in predicting juvenile recidivism has not yet been explored. This study comprised of 424 subjects who have been detained at Allen County Juvenile Justice Center (ACJC) for criminal charges. Participant's MAYSI-2 total scores without the Alcohol/Drug Use subscale and Alcohol/Drug Use subscale scores were used to assess their utility in predicting juvenile recidivism. A correlational analysis using urinalysis results and Alcohol/Drug Use subscale scores suggested Alcohol/Drug Use subscale is an efficacious measure for assessing substance use among juvenile offenders. A multiple hierarchical regression and ROC analyses were conducted. Findings indicated that the MAYSI-2 total score and Alcohol/Drug Use subscale scores were not adequate predictors of recidivism. However, in exploratory analysis the Anger-Irritability subscale was found to be a significant predictor of juvenile recidivism.Department of Psychological Science
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Miesner, Michael T. "Mental Health Referral in Primary Care: Influence of a Screening Instrument and a Brief Educational Intervention." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2398.
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Although less than half of all patients with mental disorders seek mental health treatment per se, approximately 80% of all people will visit their primary care physician (PCPs) within a year (Strosahl, 1998). However, it is not well understood how to best handle patients presenting with mental health issues in primary care practices. The purpose of this project was to implement an intervention involving a screening measure for anxiety and mood disorders in a primary care setting to increase the volume of anxiety and mood disorder screening, to increase the accuracy of disorder detection, and to also enhance PCPs patterns of referral to mental health professionals (MHPs). Though starting with a quantitative design, difficulties encountered throughout the project eventually led to a largely qualitative analysis, which did yield useful information.
A pilot project demonstrated anxiety and mood disorders were commonly noted in patients’ medical charts (46%), but also found referrals were rarely made for mental health services (7%), despite colocation of a licensed psychologist and licensed clinical social worker within the practice. This indicated that services available to provide comprehensive integrated total health care may not be have been used to their full potential.
In the main project, 59 participants from a family medicine clinic and 20 PCPs from that clinic participated. The My Mood Monitor (M3) was administered to the patients and became part of their Electronic Medical Records (EMR). The M3 screens for anxiety, depression, and bipolar disorders within primary care settings. In 2 separate noon conferences, PCPs were trained on diagnostic criteria for anxiety disorders and mood disorders, interpretation of M3 results, and the internal Mental Health Professional referral process.
The project was hampered by a full-scale switch from paper-based medical records to an EMR and accompanying lack of user experience with EMR functions, lack of efficient transfer of M3 results into the EMR, and an unforeseen switch of psychologists mid-way through the study. However, results were obtained that showed relatively low levels of PCP review of M3 results, potentially high rates of anxiety disorders and mood disorders within the setting, relatively high levels of PCP knowledge of diagnostic criteria for anxiety and mood disorders, and that patients may not prefer a ‘warm handoff’ model of mental health referral. These findings are couched within a number of important caveats, but future directions for research were clearly implied.
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Riesch, Lindsay. "Influence of family and child characteristics on the outcomes of a parent rated developmental screening instrument." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/32193.
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The development of children is an important issue for school psychologists, researchers,
healthcare practitioners, educators, and parents. Methods with demonstrated efficacy to screen for developmental delays in children are necessary because early detection of delays can begin the process of designing interventions, educating parents, and preparing young children for school. Parents play a major role in the detection process. Many research studies report that parents are accurate at reporting observable child development; however, sensitivity on screening tools is still modest for most instruments. In this study the role of family and child characteristics on agreement between the Nippising District Developmental Screen ( NDDS ) and developmental assessment using the Stanford Binet Intelligence Scales, 5 th edition (SB5), the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, 3 rd edition (PPVT-III), and the Bayley Scales of Infant
Development, 2 nd edition (BSID-2) was investigated. Pearson Chi-squared statistics were used to test hypothesized associations between the explanatory variables (child and family characteristics) and results from the parent-completed NDDS. Variables found to have significant associations were then analyzed using binary logistic regression analyses to determine which child and family characteristics predicted agreement between the NDDS and the developmental assessment. The hypotheses were partially supported. The results from the bivariate analyses support hypotheses for child gender and age, as well as family income and maternal age for children without delays (True Negatives), but not for children with delays (True Positives. These findings indicate the sensitivity and specificity rates for the NDDS vary largely by child gender and age, but that some family characteristics (specifically, family income and maternal age) are also associated with the likelihood of achieving True Positive and True Negative resultsEducation, Faculty of
Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of
Graduate
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Nilsson, Doris. "Trauma, Posttraumatic Stress and Dissociation Among Swedish Adolescents : Evaluation of Questionnaires." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Univ, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-8225.
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Mertens, Elke [Verfasser]. "Die Pflegeabhängigkeitsskala als Screening-Instrument zur Erfassung des Sturz- und Dekubitusrisikos in der stationären Pflege / Elke Mertens." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1023168529/34.
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Mendes, Caroline Antonelli. "Instrumento de rastreio do risco para alterações de fala em crianças com fissura labiopalatina." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25143/tde-30082018-183808/.
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Objetivos: Desenvolver e avaliar uma ferramenta de rastreio do risco para alterações de fala, que faça a interface entre fatores clínicos e aspectos de produção e percepção de fala em bebês com Fissura Labiopalatina (FLP) nos três primeiros anos de vida da criança. Metodologia: Este estudo envolveu 3 fases: na Fase 1 foi realizado o planejamento e desenvolvimento da ferramenta com a elaboração de uma lista de fatores clínicos e uma lista de comportamentos de fala. Após uma avaliação inicial do conteúdo, por um pediatra e uma fonoaudióloga experientes em FLP, as listas foram compiladas criando-se assim a ferramenta de rastreio do Risco para Alterações de Fala em bebês com FLP (RAFF). A Fase 2 envolveu a avaliação do conteúdo do RAFF por cinco Pediatras e três Fonoaudiólogas do Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais (HRAC), seguido de aprimoramento da ferramenta. A validação do conteúdo foi estabelecida pela aplicação do Índice de Validação do Conteúdo quanto á clareza usando-se o critério: muito claro, claro, pouco claro, e não claro. A Fase 3 incluiu uma avaliação preliminar da eficácia da ferramenta RAFF identificando-se a habilidade da ferramenta em corroborar a conduta fonoaudiológica. Resultados: A ferramenta desenvolvida propõe parear condições clínicas relacionadas à FLP (como hospitalizações, alterações de orelha média, acoplamento de cavidade oral e nasal, por exemplo) com os comportamentos de fala esperados durante os primeiros três anos de vida. O conteúdo das duas listas propostas foi avaliado por 5 pediatras e 3 fonoaudiólogas e após modificações compilou-se a ferramenta RAFF que visa identificar o que a criança entende, o que a criança fala e fatores clínicos nos três primeiros anos de vida do bebê com FLP. Para permitir a interpretação dos resultados de forma a estabelecer-se o risco de alterações de fala os itens do RAFF foram subdivididos em 6 faixas etárias (0- 6mese, 7-12meses, 13-18meses, 19-24meses, 25-30meses, e 31-36 meses) incluindo três habilidades de compreensão e de produção de fala para cada fase, pareadas com as condições clínicas possíveis na FLP nas idades estudadas. O conteúdo do material foi avaliado positivamente, com um IVC médio obtido para a ferramenta RAFF indicando que 87% dos avaliadores consideraram o conteúdo muito claro enquanto 13 % consideraram claro. Ou seja, não houve conteúdo considerado pouco claro ou não claro. A ferramenta foi aplicada em um total de 18 cuidadores sendo possível verificar sua eficácia em corroborar a conduta fonoaudiológica com relação ao acompanhamento do desenvolvimento de fala ou o encaminhamento para intervenção fonoaudiológica com 9 destes cuidadores de bebês em tratamento no HRAC. Conclusão: Neste estudo a ferramenta RAFF foi desenvolvida e seu conteúdo avaliado por pediatras e fonoaudiólogos especialistas em gerenciamento da FLP os quais concordaram que o conteúdo proposto está, em sua maioria, muito claro. Readaptações finais foram propostas após o teste preliminar da eficácia do RAFF e deverão ser implementadas antes de seu uso em futuros estudos de validação da ferramenta RAFF.Objectives: To develop and to evaluate screening tool to identify children with cleft lip and palate (CLP) at risk for speech disorder addressing the relationship between clinical factors and aspects of speech production and perception in the first three years of life. Methods: The study involved 3 phases: phase 1 the planning and development of the instrument was done combining a list of clinical factors and a list of speech behaviors. After an initial evaluation of the material, by one Pediatrician and one Speech-Language Pathologist (SLP) experienced with CLP, the lists were combined creating the screening tool to identify children with Cleft Lip and Palate at Risk for Speech Disorder (CLP-RSP). Phase 2 involved the content evaluation of the CLP-RSP by five Pediatricians and three SLPs from the Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais (HRAC), establishing the Content Validity Index (CVI) followed by refinement of the CLP-RSP. Phase 3 included the preliminary assessment of the CLP-RSP effectiveness in corroborating the speech-language pathologists referrals (follow-up of speech development or speech therapy). Results: The tool developed in this study aims to combine the clinical conditions related to CLP (such as hospitalizations, middle ear conditions, oronasal coupling, for example) with speech behaviors expected during the first three years of life. The content of the material was evaluated by 5 pediatricians and 3 SLPs and, after modifications, the CLP-RSP was created with the purpose of identify what the toddler understands, what the toddler speaks and clinical factors observed during the first three years of life. To better interpret the findings, the items in the CLP-RSP were divided into 6 age groups (0-6months, 7-12months, 13-18months, 19-24months, 25- 30months, and 31-36 months) including three behaviors each for speech production and speech perception paired with possible clinical conditions expected at each age group for babies and toddlers with CLP. The content of the CLP-RSP was evaluated positively with a mean Content Validity Index indicating that 87% of the evaluators considered the content of the material very clear while 13% considered it clear. That is, there was no ratings indicating least clear or not clear content. The tool was applied with 18 caregivers establishing its efficacy in corroborating the SLPs referrals for either follow-up of speech development or intervention with speech therapy. Conclusion: In the present study the screening tool to identify children with Cleft Lip and Palate at Risk for Speech Disorder (CLP-RSP) was developed and its content was evaluated by pediatricians and SLPs experts in CLP management, which agreed in its majority, that the proposed material is very clear. After establishing the tool preliminary efficacy, final refinement was proposed and should be implemented before its use in future studies to validate the screening tool CLP-RSP.
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Gurian, Maria Beatriz Ferreira. "Rastreamento cognitivo por instrumento baseado no MEEM em idosos não institucionalizados residentes em Batatais-SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17139/tde-24112006-151338/.
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O transtorno cognitivo no idoso acarreta repercussões na sua vida, na família e na relação com a sociedade. Um instrumento de avaliação cognitiva amplamente utilizado é o MEEM - Mini Exame do Estado Mental - que é um teste de rastreamento com o objetivo de selecionar pessoas com provável déficit cognitivo. Uma amostra representativa da população de 394 idosos do município de Batatais SP foi avaliada através de inquérito domiciliar em relação às condições socioeconômicas e de saúde, e foi feito rastreamento dos sintomas depressivos e do desempenho cognitivo através de um instrumento baseado no MEEM. A maioria dos entrevistados era do sexo feminino (66%), sendo que 75,4% dos idosos pertenciam a uma faixa etária de 60-74 anos, chamada idoso jovem. Com relação à escolaridade a grande maioria (62.2%) cursou o primeiro grau. Com relação aos analfabetos 77,1% eram mulheres e 22,9% eram homens. Para o estado conjugal a diferença foi na proporção da viuvez 80.2% para o sexo feminino e 19.8% para o masculino. Quanto à renda familiar, 43.7% da população recebiam menos de 2,5 salários mínimos. Para avaliação do desempenho cognitivo usou um ponto de corte ? a 23 para o MEEM. Observou-se que 81.7% ficaram acima deste ponto e 18.3% ficaram abaixo. Os idosos que tiveram os escores mais elevados foram associados aos fatores como idade (60-69 anos), maior nível escolaridade, ter hábito de leitura, ter boa relação social principalmente com parentes, não ter hipertensão arterial, diabete, incontinência urinária, catarata e ausência de sintomas depressivos.The cognitive impairment in the old has its effects on their lives, families and relationships with society. A widely used instrument of cognitive assessment is the MMSE- Mini Mental State - that is a screening test whose aim is to select people with probable cognitive deficiency. A significant sample of the population of 394 old people from Batatais - SP, was evaluated through a home survey considering the socioeconomic and health conditions and a screening of depressive symptoms and cognitive performance was done through an instrument based on MMSE. The great majority of people who were interviewed were female (66%) and 75.4% of the old belonged to an age group from 60 to 74 years old, being considered \"younger old\". Regarding scholarship, most of them had attended primary school (62.2%). Considering the illiterate 77.1% were women and 22.9% were men. Concerning marital status a huge difference between the proportion of widows (80.2%) and widowers (19.8%) was found. With reference to familiar income 43.7% of the population earned less than 2.5 minimum wages. To evaluate the cognitive performance a cut off ? 23 for MMSE was used. It was observed that 81.7% of the old were above and 18.3% were under this point. The old who achieved the highest scores had factors such as age (60-69 years old), better scholarship level, reading habits, a good social relationship (mainly with relatives), no high blood pressure, no diabetes, no urinary incontinence, no cataract and absence of depressive symptoms.
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Schilling, Brittany Linn. "Teacher perspectives on adolescent behaviors : implications for developing a school-based screening instrument for emotional and behavioral disorders /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2009. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd3068.pdf.
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Rodrigues, Jaqueline de Carvalho. "Triagem cognitiva nas doenças cerebrovasculares : processo de construção e propriedades psicométricas do instrumento TRIACOG." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/185096.
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Esta tese de doutorado aborda aspectos teóricos e empíricos da avaliação neuropsicológica nas doenças cerebrovasculares, ao propor a construção de um instrumento do tipo triagem cognitiva. A tese foi dividida em quatro estudos. O Estudo 1 apresenta etapas e critérios necessários para construir e adaptar instrumentos neuropsicológicos. Nesse estudo, destacouse que ao construir um teste é importante ter uma teoria que embase o desenvolvimento dos itens, além do aporte da psicometria, neuropsicolinguística, psicologia experimental e modelos de processamento da informação. O Estudo 2 trata de uma revisão sistemática que analisou as propriedades psicométricas dos instrumentos neuropsicológicos aplicados em amostras com AVC e o desempenho dos pacientes nesses estudos. Concluiu-se que muitas pesquisas utilizam instrumentos desenvolvidos com o propósito de avaliar pacientes com demência, pouco sensíveis para adultos pós AVC. Os principais déficits cognitivos dessa doença envolvem a velocidade do processamento, visuoconstrução, memória episódica, atenção e funções executivas, que devem ser incluídas em baterias de avaliação neuropsicológica. No Estudo 3 investigou-se empiricamente quais tarefas mostram-se importantes para avaliar pacientes pós AVC. Ao analisar o desempenho por itens em um instrumento de avaliação neuropsicológica breve, identificou-se que tarefas de orientação, linguagem oral, habilidades acadêmicas (leitura, escrita e aritmética) e funções executivas melhor discriminam entre grupos com AVC e saudáveis. O Estudo 4 apresenta o processo de construção e as propriedades psicométricas da Triagem Cognitiva (TRIACOG) para avaliar adultos com doenças cerebrovasculares. O TRIACOG passou por etapas rigorosas de revisão da literatura, análise de juízes, estudos piloto e aplicação em 100 adultos pós AVC e 100 adultos neurologicamente saudáveis. O instrumento apresenta evidências de validade baseadas no conteúdo, na relação com outras variáveis (critério e validade convergente), no processo de resposta; e evidências de fidedignidade teste-reteste e entre avaliadores. Espera-se que esses estudos possam orientar pesquisadores que pretendem construir instrumentos neuropsicológicos e contribuir com uma ferramenta que pode ser utilizada no contexto clínico, hospitalar e de pesquisa, por profissionais da saúde.This doctoral dissertation discusses theoretical and empirical aspects of the neuropsychological assessment in cerebrovascular diseases, proposing the construction of a cognitive screening instrument. The thesis was divided into four studies. The Study 1 presents steps and criteria to construct and adapt neuropsychological instruments. In this study, was highlighted the importance to have a theoretical basis to development the items of a test, besides the contribution of psychometry, neuropsycholinguistics, experimental psychology and information processing models. The Study 2 is a systematic review that analyzed the psychometric properties of neuropsychological instruments to evaluate stroke samples and the performance of patients assessed by the studies. It was concluded that many researches use instruments developed for evaluating patients with dementia, not sensitive to adults poststroke. The main deficits of this disease involve processing speed, visuoconstruction, episodic memory, attention and executive functions, which should be included in neuropsychological batteries. The Study 3 empirically investigated which tasks are important for evaluating poststroke patients. When analyzing the performance by items in a brief neuropsychological evaluation instrument, were identified that orientation, oral language, academic abilities (reading, writing and arithmetic) and executive functions tasks best discriminated between clinical and healthy groups. The Study 4 presents the construction and the psychometric properties of Cognitive Screening (TRIACOG) to evaluate adults post cerebrovascular disease. TRIACOG has undergone rigorous steps: literature review, pilot studies, and application in 100 post-stroke adults and 100 neurologically healthy adults. The instrument presents evidence of validity based on content, on relation to other variables (criterion and convergent validity) and on response processes; and test-retest and inter-rater reliability evidences. It is intended that these studies may guide researchers who want to build neuropsychological instruments and contribute with a tool that can be used in the clinical, hospital and research contexts, by health professionals.