Journal articles on the topic 'Scotland – Social conditions – 21st century'
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Díaz, José Quintanal, and José María Ruiz. "Pupil Support Assistant/Teacher Assistant, A Pedagogical Tool Without Recognition, Essential For Educational Inclusion. Scottish Experience." Scientia Paedagogica Experimentalis 60, no. 2 (September 2023): 183–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.57028/s60-183-z1043.
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INTRODUCTION: The role of the Pupil Support Assistant (PSAs) has been defined in Scotland from the mid-20th century to the present day. Its original function was to perform basic tasks of assistance and help in aspects such as changing clothes, cleaning and tidying up the classroom to become, in the 21st century, an essential part of educational inclusion. Scottish classrooms present a great diversity not only related to the attention to diversity that has grown since 2010 where 215,897 students with Special Educational Needs (SEN) were registered, representing 30.9%, but it has also been represented by students with English as Additional Language (EAL), from 33,929 in 2010 to 57,859 in 2019. METHOD: An analysis of the existing literature on the subject, based on different qualitative and quantitative studies that describe the experience and intervention of the PSAs in schools in Scotland. RESULTS: This role has evolved over time, gaining greater presence and responsibility in the educational center through the presence and performance in activities related to educational inclusion, becoming a fundamental pillar in the social and cultural support for students. DISCUSSION: It is a priority that the professionals who are present in the processes of educational inclusion obtain better working conditions, in order to be able to provide the right support to the pupils in the 21st century.
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Clements, Ben. "Religious Change and Secularisation in Scotland: An Analysis of Affiliation and Attendance." Scottish Affairs 26, no. 2 (May 2017): 133–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/scot.2017.0175.
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Building on Brown (1997) and Field's (2001) research into religious decline and secularisation in Scotland in the later decades of the 20th-century, this article uses data from recurrent social surveys, nationally-representative of the Scottish adult population, to assess the nature and extent of religious change in the 21st-century. It examines recent trends in religious affiliation and attendance in Scotland, compares key indicators in England and Scotland to assess areas of similarity and difference in terms of religion and secularity, and assesses the contemporary socio-demographic basis of affiliation and attendance in Scotland. The empirical results show that religious affiliation and attendance have further attenuated in Scotland in recent years, with a growing proportion of adults reporting that they were raised outside of any religious tradition. Indicators of secularity are most marked amongst younger age groups. The ‘haemorrhage of faith’ documented in the latter part of the 20th-century in Scotland has continued into the early part of the 21st-century.
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Manhas, Sumedha. "Realism through 21st Century Eyes." International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences 8, no. 4 (2023): 282–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.84.46.
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Since the mid-19th century, a new form of literature took birth that rejected artificiality and presented the conventional in fresh yet insightful ways. Realist writers took inspiration from works of artists such as Gustave Courbet who approached the present realities of contemporary society and its social, economic, and political aspects. They aimed to portray their characters and circumstances that could be relatable to the reader, rather than relying on romanticized portrayals. This shift in literary representation aligned with Courbet's belief in presenting the unvarnished truth, devoid of any embellishment which paved the way for an unfiltered representation of reality in various artistic forms. These writers employed detailed observations and incorporated elements such as social customs, dialects, etc to provide a more authentic representation and enrich a reader’s experience. Realist literature exposes social injustices and inequalities while championing the importance of individual perspectives and depicting nuanced human conditions. Through a more socially engaged form of storytelling, it allows subsequent generations of writers to delve into unexplored areas and find their stories. Through this study, I identify the message and societal settings of various years by understanding the theme of stories written by famous realist writers, unveiling the hidden metaphors, symbols and social questions that it raises. Along with addressing the significance of realism, this paper also elaborates upon how the movement catalyzed a change in narration techniques and theme dynamics. This paper accentuates the existing relevance of realism within the tapestry of literature.
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Gordon, Jean, Moira McGeoch, and Audrey Stewart. "Finding the way forward." Journal of Practice Teaching and Learning 9, no. 1 (December 20, 2012): 46–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1921/jpts.v9i1.389.
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Locating sufficient student practice learning opportunities (PLOs) has been a long-standing challenge in social work education. This article highlights key findings of a study carried out in the West of Scotland to inform a move from a reactive approach to regular crises in PLO provision towards the development of a long term strategic plan for social work practice learning in the region. The study involved a combination of methods, including literature review, local audit, focus groups and consultation with individuals and organisations in the West of Scotland and the rest of the UK. The study found local and national evidence of innovation in developing new models of practice learning to meet the demands of 21st Century social work in Scotland as well as a growing concern that an emphasis on finding sufficient PLOs should not compromise the quality of the learning opportunities available to social work students. Some of the study’s implications for practice learning in the West of Scotland and further afield are explored.
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Gooding, Philip. "David Livingstone, UNESCO, and Nation-Building in 19th-21st-Century Scotland and East and Central Africa." Journal of Indian Ocean World Studies 5, no. 2 (January 20, 2022): 243–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.26443/jiows.v5i2.117.
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This article assesses the role of David Livingstone (1813-73), a Scottish missionary, in nation-building efforts in Scotland and parts of the western Indian Ocean World. It begins by establishing the ways in which he became central to Scottish national, British imperial, Christian missionary, and abolitionist movements in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. It then examines why, despite these ‘colonialist’ associations, he remains central to some aspects of nation-building in present-day Tanzania and Malawi. The key focus in this context are these two nations’ respective applications to the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) to have museums and landmarks that centre Livingstone in their histories recognised as World Heritage sites. In so doing, it draws on regional concerns within the nations themselves, the prerogatives behind UNESCO’s activities on the African continent, and ongoing relationships between Scotland and (especially) Malawi. Despite current social movements that are increasingly vocal and critical of figures associated with colonialism, Livingstone remains revered and central to the nation among many in Scotland and East and Central Africa.
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Stein, Ruth E. K. "Children with chronic conditions in the 21st century." Journal of Urban Health 75, no. 4 (December 1998): 732–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02344503.
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Tuntevski, Nikola. "Livability of social state in the 21st century – conditions, opportunities, perspectives." HORIZONS.A 22 (November 20, 2018): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.20544/horizons.a.22.1.18.p13.
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Terziev, Venelin, and Preslava Dimitrova. "SOCIAL POLICY DEVELOPLMENT AT THE BEGINNING OF 21ST CENTURY." Knowledge International Journal 28, no. 1 (December 10, 2018): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij2801273t.
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The social policy of a country is a set of specific activities aimed at regulating the social relations between different in their social status subjects. This approach to clarifying social policy is also called functional and essentially addresses social policy as an activity to regulate the relationship of equality or inequality in society. It provides an opportunity to look for inequalities in the economic positions of individuals in relation to ownership, labor and working conditions, distribution of income and consumption, social security and health, to look for the sources of these inequalities and their social justification or undue application.The modern state takes on social functions that seek to regulate imbalances, to protect weak social positions and prevent the disintegration of the social system. It regulates the processes in society by harmonizing interests and opposing marginalization. Every modern country develops social activities that reflect the specifics of a particular society, correspond to its economic, political and cultural status. They are the result of political decisions aimed at directing and regulating the process of adaptation of the national society to the transformations of the market environment. Social policy is at the heart of the development and governance of each country. Despite the fact that too many factors and problems affect it, it largely determines the physical and mental state of the population as well as the relationships and interrelationships between people. On the other hand, social policy allows for a more global study and solving of vital social problems of civil society. On the basis of the programs and actions of political parties and state bodies, the guidelines for the development of society are outlined. Social policy should be seen as an activity to regulate the relationship of equality or inequality between different individuals and social groups in society. Its importance is determined by the possibility of establishing on the basis of the complex approach: the economic positions of the different social groups and individuals, by determining the differences between them in terms of income, consumption, working conditions, health, etc .; to explain the causes of inequality; to look for concrete and specific measures to overcome the emerging social disparities.
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Garreto, Gairo, João Santos Baptista, Antônia Mota, and Mário Vaz. "Modern Slavery Characterisation through the Analysis of Energy Replenishment." Social Sciences 10, no. 8 (August 9, 2021): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10080299.
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The Brazilian economy was, until the end of the 19th Century, based on slave labour. However, in this first quarter of the 21st Century, the problem persists. These situations tend to be mistaken with “simple” violations of labour laws. This work aims to establish Occupational Health and Safety parameters, focusing on energy needs, to distinguish between the breach of labour legislation and modern rural slavery in the 21st Century in Brazil. In response to this challenge, bibliographical research was carried out on the feeding and energy replenishment conditions of Brazilian slaves in the 19th Century. Obtained data were compared with a sample where 392 cases of neo-slavery in Brazil are described. The energy spent and the energy supplied was calculated to identify the enslaved workers’ general feeding conditions in the two historical periods. The general conditions of food and water supply were analysed. It was possible to identify three comparable parameters: food quality, food quantity, and water supply. It was concluded that there is a parallelism of energy replenishment conditions between Brazilian slaves and neo-slaves of the 19th and 21st centuries, respectively, different from that of free workers. This difference can help authorities identify and punish instances of modern slavery.
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Dahri, Nisar Ahmed, Waleed Mugahed Al-Rahmi, Abeer S. Almogren, Noraffandy Yahaya, Muhammad Saleem Vighio, Qusay Al-maatuok, Ali Mugahed Al-Rahmi, and Ahmad Samed Al-Adwan. "Acceptance of Mobile Learning Technology by Teachers: Influencing Mobile Self-Efficacy and 21st-Century Skills-Based Training." Sustainability 15, no. 11 (May 24, 2023): 8514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15118514.
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This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing the acceptance of mobile learning technology for 21st-century skills-based training among teachers in Saudi Arabia and Pakistan. This study adopted the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model, which included constructs such as performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, social influence, mobile self-efficacy, student self-efficacy, behavioural intention, 21st-century skills-based training, and creative thinking skills. A survey was conducted with 619 teachers from Saudi Arabia and Pakistan who participated in a two-week mobile learning-based training session. The data were analysed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results show that all hypotheses were supported, indicating a positive relationship between the constructs and the acceptance and use of mobile learning technology for 21st-century skills-based training. This study’s findings suggest that by emphasising factors such as performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, social influence, mobile self-efficacy, and student self-efficacy when designing mobile learning interventions, teachers will be more likely to accept and use mobile learning technology for 21st-century skills-based training and contributed to sustainability by providing increased access to quality education.
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A. A., Elaev. "BURYAT ETHNOS IN THE 21st CENTURY." Human research of Inner Asia 3 (2022): 6–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18101/2305-753x-2022-3-6-16.
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The article discusses the prospects for preserving the ethno-cultural identity of the Buryat people in the 21st century. Under the conditions of the transformation of Russian society over the past twenty years and the impact of global integration processes taking place in the world the opportunities for preserving the ethno-cultural identity of the Buryat ethnic group and its language are rapidly declining. Based on the analysis of vari-ous environmental factors, we have considered the possible scenarios for the development of the Buryat ethnos in the conditions of the socio-economic crisis and in the economic stability and growth, and summed up the total prospects for preserving its ethno-cultural identity in the 21st century. The “negative” scenario for the development of the Buryat ethnic group covers the crisis period of the 1990s and early 2000s. Predictive assessments are based on an analysis of the impact of crisis phenomena on the agricultural sector and the social sphere of the village, which led to the outflow of the Buryat population from the village to the city. The economic crisis has a negative impact on the institutions of reproduction and transmission of the Buryat culture: it leads to a reduction in funding and commercialization of their ac-tivities and separation from the needs of the bulk of the ethnic group. Thus, the socio-economic crisis accelerates the process of de-ethnization and acculturation of the ethnos. The “positive” scenario reflects the development of the ethnic group in the context of eco-nomic growth, however, its consequences also negatively affect the preservation of ethnic identity and language, since the needs of the economic development of the ancestral terri-tory of the Buryat ethnic group will entail an influx of labour resources, that is, a popula-tion of other ethnicities, which will reduce the demographic power of the Buryat ethnic group. Thus, the economic growth, as well as the economic crisis will contribute to the ac-culturation and assimilation of the Buryats. In the context of global integration processes taking place in the world and the current policy of Russia, the opportunities of preserving the ethno-cultural identity of the Buryat ethnos and its language due to objective reasons will gradually decrease in the 21st century.
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Korol, Andrey D. "Anthropological Crisis in the Social Realities of the 21st Century." Russian Journal of Philosophical Sciences 64, no. 5 (November 1, 2021): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30727/0235-1188-2021-64-5-45-56.
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The article examines the modern anthropological crisis in the context of various social phenomena. The author identifies key features of this crisis and reveals its causes. The article, addressing such philosophical concepts as time, space, happiness, motivation, analyzes the theories on the essence of this crisis. The author discusses the issues of self-alienation in an accelerating and polarizing world, of dialectical antagonism, of contradiction between the Self and the Other. The article critically analyzes the modern forms of consumerism, the consumer society, and the liberal worldview. Written in the essay form, the article poses the questions to the reader: How and why does man lose and acquire his meanings? What role do words and silence play in that? Who wins in the existential race “man versus society”? The author argues that a person does not see his absolute, since his expanding outer space narrows the inner space. The stratification of internal and external space (which is advisable to understand as a consequence of the loss of contact with reality) is the cause of lies, violence, and aggression. Liberal form of worldview is interpreted in a dialectical form: as the opposition of slavery, preserving its original vices. The article demonstrates how progress can lead to chaos in social life. Distinguishing three types of personality (directive, democratic, and liberal-permissive), it is concluded that the latter type of personality forms a border between the external and internal world. This kind of gap is the source of growing social and psycho-logical chaos. The concludes with a discussion of the possibility of happiness in modern social conditions.
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Kotik-Friedgut, Bella, and Alfredo Ardila. "A.R. Luria’s cultural neuropsychology in the 21st century." Culture & Psychology 26, no. 2 (July 3, 2019): 274–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354067x19861053.
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Luria has long been one of the most influential authors in cognitive neurosciences, in particular in neuropsychology. New scientific advances and clinical observations have confirmed many of his proposals and hypotheses. In this paper one of his major ideas is analyzed: the influence of cultural factors on human cognition. The systemic-dynamic Lurian analysis of brain activity is based on Vygotsky's concept of higher mental functions, which are social in origin and complex and dynamic in their structure. Higher mental functions are based on a complex system of operations and means both external and internal. Living conditions and hence cultural characteristics have dramatically changed during the last half century with the development of new media and new virtual ways of communication. Review of contemporary developments supporting the appropriateness and usefulness of these concepts is presented. It is finally concluded that Luria is one of the major founders of contemporary neuropsychology not only from the clinical point of view, but also from the cultural perspective. His influence has continued undiminished during the 21st century.
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Pakhar, Lyudmila I. "«Superfluous people» as social and philosophical problem of the 21st century." Вестник Пермского университета. Философия. Психология. Социология, no. 3 (2020): 448–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2078-7898/2020-3-448-458.
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The article deals with the problem of «superfluous people» in the contemporary socio-cultural reality. This term appeared in Russian literature and journalism in the middle of the 19th century to describe people who, with all their external well-being, were dissatisfied with their own life. In contrast to this interpretation, the English economist T. Malthus defined «superfluous people» as the population that consumes resources with minimal profit. The author of the article is in search for the answer to the question why in the contemporary world there is an increase in the number of «superfluous people» in the Malthus’s sense, that is the outcasts, the unemployed, and people who do not fit the standards of consumer society. According to the author, the reason is the distortion of social attitudes in developed countries of the West. The global economic crisis, especially in the context of COVID-19, requires a change in the liberal economic course. The author suggests adjusting the Russian economic policy taking into account the constant sanctions imposed by the West against the Russian Federation. In these conditions, the most appropriate option is the mobilization economic policy. The government should ensure the creation of enterprises for manufacturing import-substituting products, which would protect the country’s economy from the inevitable collapse. Significant attention and support should also be given to the social sphere, which would provide the population with a sufficient number of jobs. These actions of the government would support the country’s economic and social stability, thus making it possible to avoid mass unemployment.
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SOLODOVNIKOV, S. "PROPERTY AS A POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC CATEGORY IN THE 21ST CENTURY." Экономическая наука сегодня, no. 10 (December 11, 2019): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2309-6667-2019-10-5-14.
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The article systematically considers traditional and modern approaches to the definition of property as an economic phenomenon. The general and special in relation to property in the 21st century are shown. In particular, the author notes an increase in the value of ownership of functions and “dispersed” forms of ownership in the network economy, as well as a wide range of objects of property relations, which includes the entire set of economic goods — material means of production, the natural environment, and consumer values, information and social conditions of production, production and social abilities of individuals and the production and socio-economic functions themselves, information and knowledge. The definition of property as a political and economic category is given.
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Reygadas, Luis. "The deterioration of anthropological work in Mexico during the 21st century." Etnografica 28 (2) (2024): 549–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/11xjm.
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This article analyzes how the working conditions for Mexican anthropologists have deteriorated throughout the last few decades. Until half a century ago, only a few dozen professional anthropologists practiced in Mexico, and most of them had access to stable, well-paid jobs in academia or government agencies. Today there are over 7000 of them working in a wide range of fields, mostly in temporary jobs with low salaries. Drawing from the data gathered in the Historical Catalogue of Theses on Social Anthropology in Mexico (RedMIFA 2018) and the Survey on Professional Practice and Working Conditions of Anthropologists in Mexico (CIEPA-CEAS 2016), this paper begins by outlining the decline of working conditions for Mexican anthropologists, focusing primarily on the younger generations. An analysis follows of the main factors that have contributed to the current situation, and the article closes with a brief commentary on the effects of precarious working conditions for the production of anthropological knowledge. The implications here are paradoxical: on the one hand, most professionals currently work in fields other than academia, thereby diversifying anthropological practice, and on the other there is a marked tendency towards the academization of professional anthropological education.
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Sugiyanto, Sugiyanto, Singgih Prihadi, and Lintang Ronggowulan. "APPLICATION OF THE LIGEKA_21 MODEL TO DEVELOP 21ST-CENTURY SKILLS FOR STUDENTS IN LEARNING GEOGRAPHY IN HIGH SCHOOL." GeoEco 9, no. 1 (January 20, 2023): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/ge.v9i1.67500.
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<p>21st Century learning skills are essential. In the revision of the 2013 curriculum in 2017, it has been explicitly stated that 21st-century skills introduced with the term 4 C (Critical thinking and problem solving, creativity and innovation, communication skills and collaboration skills) are used as an orientation in learning at school. To improve students' 21st Century Skills in Social Studies learning, a learning model called the LIGEKA_21 was developed. The results of his research show that the use of the LIGEKA_21 model can significantly improve 21st-century skills (4C) for both students in the high school group and the middle and lower group schools. Prominent results include high enthusiasm for learning, active and creativity in producing learning outputs, posters of critical and creative teaching materials, poetry based on social studies teaching materials, high mastery of social studies knowledge, development of communication skills and skills and collaboration. The results of this good research need to be developed more broadly, not only in junior high schools but also need to be developed in senior high schools. Good learning outcomes implemented using face-to-face (offline) patterns are not necessarily suitable in the Covid-19 era, which are carried out with online learning patterns, so they must be developed or adapted based on e-learning. Based on these conditions, this research will develop an online learning pattern based on the LIGEKA 21 model, which will then be compared with the LIGEKA_21 model with face-to-face (offline) learning patterns in high school.</p>
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McGregor, Caroline. "A Paradigm Framework for Social Work Theory for Early 21st Century Practice." British Journal of Social Work 49, no. 8 (March 1, 2019): 2112–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcz006.
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Abstract This article explores whether paradigms for social work that helped structure and focus social work theory in the late 20th century can continue to inform social work theorising in the present day. The question is considered by reviewing the work of Burrell and Morgan (1979), Howe (1987), Whittington and Holland (1985), Johnson et al., 1984 (cited in Rojek, 1986) and Mulally (1993) who offer specific considerations of paradigm frameworks. The main argument developed in the discussion is that while the nature and orientation of theories in paradigms from later 20th to early 21st century are more diverse and complex, the value of a paradigm as framework for theory for practice persists. But for a paradigm framework to hold sway, there are some essential requirements. These include a need to: emphasise more the importance of local context in global conditions; broaden scope of theory away from predisposition to ‘Western’ dominated ideas; include space for certain constants in social work and recognise the role of critical reflexivity in activating theory. The need for further global and local research studies that systematically test and interrogate the range of social work theories and practices to progress this project is emphasised.
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Olkhovskaya, Y. A. "Aspects of care practices’ transformation in the 21st century." Abyss (Studies in Philosophy, Political science and Social anthropology), no. 1(27) (2024): 192–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2587-7534-2024-1-192-202.
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The article presents an overview of research in the field of caring for pensioners and people with cognitive impairment in the Russian Federation at the beginning of the 21st century. The rethinking of guardianship in Russian society is shown. A review of 50 modern literary sources, journal articles from WoS and Scopus by Russian authors were studied using the methods of scientometric analysis, empirical generalization and systematization of information, 31 articles on the research topic were selected. Knowledge of the transformation of care is an actual interdisciplinary direction in anthropology. The idea of elaborating this concept based on a sample of the world communities’ population in developed and developing countries and countries with economies in transition, with different guardianship services’ coordination. In the formation of social attitudes, the social isolation of older people is clearly traced against the background of modern demographic processes, with a propensity for the aging of the world's population. The rethinking of guardianship in Russian society is shown. The problem nodes of various forms of support are tracked, the vector of their further development is determined. The differentiation of the socio-economic status of the elderly population is noted. The peculiarity of the volunteer movement during the pandemic is emphasized. The accumulated knowledge revealed the transformation of attitude towards humanization. A change in traditional types of assistance has been noted, reduction of state participation. To compensate for the current situation, the UN today is already taking steps to create favorable living conditions for the mature population in all countries.
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Bobo, Lawrence D. "KATRINA: Unmasking Race, Poverty, and Politics in the 21st Century." Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 3, no. 1 (March 2006): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x06060012.
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In his allegorical tale “Racism's Secret Bonding,” legal scholar Derrick Bell imagined the occurrence of fourth of July “racial data storms.” During these storms, the consciousness of each and every White American was flooded with full information about the slave trade, slavery, lynching, Jim Crow, and contemporary discrimination, as well as a powerful emotional appreciation for the human suffering entailed by these conditions. Bell's “racial data storms” created great turmoil, anxiety, and demands for action. These demands focused on preventing future waves of “racial data storms” but also sought significant progressive policy intervention against discrimination and inequality. Bell mused that by the time the “racial data storms” had stopped, they “left behind them the greatest social reform movement America had ever known” (1992, p. 150).
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Mama, Amina. "1 - Towards Academic Freedom for Africa in the 21st Century*." Journal of Higher Education in Africa 4, no. 3 (January 14, 2022): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.57054/jhea.v4i3.1648.
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This paper begins by reviewing the ways in which the higher education landscape in Africa has changed significantly during the last decade as a result of the ongoing regional crisis and the changing perspectives on African higher education articu- lated within the international development arena and argues that, if the higher edu- cation crisis of the 1980s and 1990s was the result of financial conditionalities imposed through structural adjustment, then the ensuing decade has seen a global policy shift that has profoundly changed the conditions under which academic work is carried out. Particular attention is paid to the manner in which the changing, economically-driven constraints on academic freedom, institutional autonomy and conditions of service in higher educational institutions are mediated by other social conditions such as gender inequalities, the HIV/AIDS crisis, the effects of long- term brain drain and the manner in which local capacity is diverted into survivalism. I argue that higher education reforms threaten to undermine the material base for academic life by emphasising privatisation and cost recovery in contexts where poverty is a major feature of life. Exaggerated concerns with “efficiency” and “ex- cellence” lead to increased regulation and surveillance of scholarly output, render- ing academic freedom vulnerable to formulaic measures of performance that may be insensitive to the work of African academics. The paper concludes by recom- mending a programme of activities designed to re-affirm the public stake in higher education, strengthen and diversify independent scholarly work and encourage Af- rican governments to adopt policies that will strengthen the tertiary sector and en- sure an enabling environment for intellectual development and freedom.
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Chernov, Borys О., and Іnna H. Dudka. "Theoretical and methodological essence of noospheric geography of the 21st century." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 30, no. 3 (October 4, 2021): 407–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/112137.
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In modern conditions of globalization of society development and fleeting transformations of natural processes, when the development of science, includinggeographical, is extremely accelerated, there is a rapid complication of forms and methods of theoretical and methodological knowledge, which makes it necessary to conduct logical and methodological analysis of geography in modern conditions. It turned out that a hundred years ago, says Edwin Toffler, Thomas Mann put forward a formula that expressed the feeling of death of a certain era. Today, humanity has approached an invisible boundary that separates one era from another. It is established that the world is on the threshold of grand social changes, technical and cultural innovations. In these conditions, when the world has become completely different, it is important for geographers to understand the consequences of the ongoing transformation processes. All this requires a new understanding from the standpoint of a globalized society, to find out what fundamental consequences for geography brought the information technology revolution, which will result in new paradigms for the development of our science. A. Toffler argued in «The Third Wave» that humanity was approaching a new technological revolution, that is, the First Wave (agrarian civilization and the Second (industrial civilization)) was replaced by a new wave that led to the creation of a supra-industrial civilization almost twenty years ago. If the concept of «living matter» (as a natural planetary body) underlies the doctrine of the biosphere, then the selection of such a natural phenomenon on a planetary scale as «scientific thought», becomes the most important naturalistic generalization in the theory of the noosphere. Nowadays, the idea of the coherence of the most progressive social laws and the achievements of scientific knowledge acquires a special meaning, becomes the most important problem of the very existence of human civilization. Based on the above, according to M. V. Bahrov, L. H. Rudenko and I. H. Chervaniov, we argue that «there was a need to create new scientific products that reflect the state and problems of the current stage of development of society», i. e., noosphere geography. The refore, the realization of the purpose of the study is to identify scientific sources about the change of the theoretical essence of modern geography, substantiation of the theoretical and methodological essence of the «new» noosphere geography in the transition of information society to noosphere and clarify the place of noosphere geography in general scientific classification.
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Dominek, Dalma Lilla. "Can the experience be experienced?" Belvedere Meridionale 35, no. 1 (2023): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/belv.2023.1.9.
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What makes a cultural institution modern in the 21st century? How can they adapt to a changed and constantly moving society and conditions dominated by social media? Due to the questions above, the appearance of experiential pedagogy and the flow-based pedagogical model (Dominek 2022) in the cultural institutional environment is an important area.
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Pisarski, Marcin. "Polish autonomous nationalism against the background of social movement theory." Review of Nationalities 12, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pn-2022-0003.
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Abstract The purpose of this article is to analyze autonomous nationalism as a new social movement. This current of nationalism, which emerged at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, is characterized by a radical rejection of liberal democracy, as well as the ideology of the New Left. As a result of the analysis of the published content, it was possible to conclude that autonomous nationalism is a formula of nationalism as a movement of resistance to the establishment, adapted to the conditions of the 21st century. Economic conditions also influence the success of this social nationalism, which is inspired by the political thought of Otto Strasser. Autonomous nationalism is a novelty on the Polish far right also because of its rejection of Catholicism, as well as the formula of cultural nationalism associated with the national-Catholic current. Instead, a commitment to the ethnic concept of the nation as a ‘community of blood’ is noticeable in the movement under study. This goes hand in hand with the new neopaganism popular in the milieu.
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Grabelnykh, T. I., N. A. Sablina, and E. V. Lesnikovskaya. "Socio-demographic factors of social development in the conditions of post-global reality." Acta Biomedica Scientifica 7, no. 2 (May 22, 2022): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.29413/abs.2022-7.2.8.
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The article considers the system-wide impact of socio-demographic factors in the social development of countries and regions in the context of post-global reality. It is emphasized that modern demographic changes are the result of global transformation processes. The permanent relationship of demographic processes with climate change on the planet, the emergence and spread of new infectious diseases, the development of digital technologies, etc. is shown. The meaning of the concept of “post-global reality” is clarified in terms of the uniqueness of modern conditions of social development, in which the desire of a person and society for “openness” is traced in the conditions of growing “social closeness” and “social tension”, which indicates the limited possibilities of society in regulating sociodemographic processes. It is concluded that the spread of new infectious diseasesin the 21st century, especially the new coronavirus infection COVID-19, has contributed to the emergence of new groups of problems associated with a deterioration in health status, an increase in mortality, a decrease in the reproductive and labor potential of the population. The authors substantiate the formation of the concept of “global determinism” in terms of the role of socio-demographic factors in the social development of countries and regions in the context of post-global reality. Among the most influential concepts that contribute to its development are “geographical determinism”, “economic determinism” and actually “demographic determinism”. Based on the materials of a sociological study, it is shown that new external and internal challenges and new crises of a systemic order in the 21st century contribute to social upheaval and profound transformations. It was revealed that the sustainability of social development in the focus of public opinion is directly related to effective public administration and regulation, the effectiveness of national security strategies and strategies for the socio-economic and socio-demographic development of countries and regions.
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Irkhina, Yuliana. "Students’ leisure organization in higher educational institutions of Ukraine in the 21st century." Scientific visnyk V.O. Sukhomlynskyi Mykolaiv National University. Pedagogical Sciences 65, no. 2 (2019): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33310/2518-7813-2019-65-2-107-111.
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One of the main objective factors affecting the sphere of leisure is the social policy of the state, the purpose of which is to create appropriate conditions for the life of the individual. In Ukraine, in the context of the implementation of social policy, there are a number of unresolved problems. This concerns, first of all, overcoming the «residual principle» attitude to solving the problems of leisure and culture in General; changing the attitude to the formation of the cultural situation to master the world’s cultural achievements; the discrepancy between the activities of cultural institutions and modern requirements, the lack of a certain standard ґarantovanih state free cultural services; lack of medium and long-term state policy on cultural development; lack of training in the sociocultural sphere in the new economic conditions; lack of a clear program of support for cultural industries; lack of a single information cultural space and a network of partnerships at the vertical and horizontal levels; the practical absence of Ukraine as a state in the European and world cultural space, in the system of European cultural projects. The main purpose of the article is to reveal the importance of the organization of meaningful leisure of students of higher educational institutions in order to meet and realize their interests and needs, disclosure of creative potential, social education and activation of social and social activities. The sphere of leisure in higher educational institutions of Ukraine will perform functions of development and formation of the personality of the young person only on condition of compliance of the organization of activity at leisure to their interests and needs. This is possible because of the cooperation of these associations with government agencies and institutions that are not only designed to solve certain problems of young people, but also to provide appropriate financial and material support. Students should become a subject of leisure activities, an active participant, not a passive consumer, and this will enable the development of new innovative forms of leisure activities, which will take into account all, both collective and individual interests and needs of students.
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Li, Yuehan. "Causes of the Growing Concern about Gender Parity in China in the 21st Century." BCP Social Sciences & Humanities 20 (October 18, 2022): 299–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpssh.v20i.2333.
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In recent years, gender has become a hot topic, and the frequency and intensity of discussions on gender topics on the Internet have increased significantly. The authors attempt to analyze, classify, and enumerate the causes of such phenomena through an interdisciplinary approach from the perspectives of economics, politics, psychology, science and technology, and history, with the goal of explaining the impact of social presence on social consciousness regarding gender matters. First, the authors state that the worsening living conditions of Chinese women and the growing gender gap since the outbreak of Covid-19 have led many to realize that our society is far from equal. Yet in the longer term, the fast-growing living conditions of the Chinese people have also granted people more leisure to think about things other than sustenance, indirectly leading to growing concerns about gender parity. Next, in addition to economic development, the advancement in media technology and popularization also had effects on concern for gender matters, providing a large root for discussion, accelerating the exchange of information, weakening the national discourse homogeneity, yet at the same time creating information cocoons, leading to the formation of echo-chambers, the polarization of opinion, balkanization of online spaces and more hostile tones. Finally, with an explanation regarding policy and education, and the accompanying changes in the social and political atmosphere, the author concludes that the increasing concern about gender matters in China in recent years is a result of a variety of factors, providing us with a reference and a way to view gender parity in China and other social issues.
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Sukhoverkhov, Anton V., and Svetlana A. Kalitko. "The theory of happiness in the 21st century: In search of the socioeconomic foundations." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 478 (2022): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/478/6.
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The article considers the modern revision of the problem of happiness in philosophy, economics, social policy and architecture. It shows that in the 21st century interest has increased in studies of external socioeconomic, environmental and urban planning aspects of happiness. In the article, this view is called externalistic and is contrasted with the earlier internalistic approaches that searched for and developed the internal (mindset-dependent) foundations of happiness. Examples of effective social and economic policies aimed to design external conditions for social well-being and happiness are considered. In the context of modern socioeconomic research, relevant philosophical approaches to happiness and conditions for its achievement are revised. The article juxtaposes theories of happiness as peace of mind and happiness as the pursuit of a dream (self-realization). The second paradigm is actively popularized in the modern society and in business management; however, it gives rise to people's overestimated expectations from and impracticable requirements for themselves. The results of recent research in the field of “happiness economics” demonstrate that happiness has scaled up in recent years from a private task of an individual to a system task that needs to be solved by society and government. Happiness has become a criterion of political and economic efficiency, as well as a significant factor in the company's high productivity and popularity. The article shows that both external (economic, political, environmental) and internal (philosophical, psychological) factors of happiness are broadly used in modern economic “happiness management”. Special attention in the research is paid to new investigations that reveal the dependence of happiness, as well as others human qualities (like altruism or egoism), on reasonably or unreasonably arranged design of the ur-ban/rural environment. The article also stresses that, among Silicon Valley developers, millionaire entrepreneurs and founders of large companies in the United States, the ideas of Stoic philosophy have gained great popularity. This philosophy is used as an effective “operating system” in conditions of constant stress and as a “mental tool” to overcome the fear of death. Stoic ideas of “negative thinking” and “defensive pessimism” are given in the article as examples of such “antistress” methods. Finally, the article cites research that show unique cultures in the world in which happiness is not the highest social value. Such studies allow reconsidering the universality of the category of happiness as a common measure of social well-being.
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Alexeeva, Dina A., Maria A. Isaikina, and Svetlana A. Shilova. "SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITIES AS ONE OF THE KEY PROFES-SIONAL COMPETENCIES OF THE 21ST-CENTURY GRADUATES." Russian Journal of Education and Psychology 14, no. 3 (June 30, 2023): 56–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2658-4034-2023-14-3-56-74.
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Purpose. The given article is devoted to the issue of social responsibilities in the educational context. The purpose of the article is to analyze the concept of social responsibilities as one of the main professional competencies and its reflection in educational results of higher education.
Methodology. The methods of descriptive and evaluative analysis and synthesis are applied. This work covers the latest research results, normative documents, cur-rent trends in the labor market, as well as issues of psychological adaptability and social responsibility of those to secure the future of the economy. The authors prove that social responsibility is crucial in the 21st century.
Results. The necessary conditions for the sustainable development of modern socie-ty are economic stability and continuous professional growth of the participants of social interactions. Higher education aims to develop students’ hard skills and their soft skills, which are currently referred to as life competencies. The paper reveals the conditions that need to be created within the framework of the educational pro-cess for the graduates to meet the requirements of the labor market. The work de-scribes the tendencies and the potentials of the higher educational system to provide its graduates with appropriate career trajectories. The ongoing transformation of the Russian educational system carried out according to current requirements of the society, contributes to the relevance of this study. The results of the research can be applied in teaching process at higher educational establishments.
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Carrión-Ramírez, Brenda Miroslava, Lizette Ivonne Lazo-Serrano, Carmen Arlene Lazo-Serrano, and Melva Isolda Fuentes-Rendón. "Repensar la promoción del turismo rural como estrategia en las políticas de comunicación para el cambio social." Cuestiones Políticas 40, no. 75 (December 29, 2022): 636–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4075.38.
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The tourism industry represents a great engine of sustainable development for the markets of the 21st century, so that it is a promising industry where a differentiated set of actors and factors interact: the State, the business sector, organized communities and tourists. The objective of the research is to rethink a coherent public policy for the promotion of rural tourism in general, with special emphasis on communication for development and social change. The documentary research methodology and the SWOT analysis technique were used as a condition of possibility to visualize the strengths, opportunities, weaknesses and threats that the implementation of a policy such as the one proposed would have in a specific context. The authors conclude that, in any imaginable scenario, political communication always enters into the equation for the formulation of tourism sector policies: (rural tourism + sustainable development = social change), as a space of synthesis that articulates in the collective imagination, ideas, concepts, feelings and objectives that create and recreate the conditions for social change, as a higher stage of sustainable development in the 21st century.
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Hati, Silvi Tabah. "The Concept of Multicultural Approach through IPS Education and Its Relevance in the 21st Century Era." Edumaspul: Jurnal Pendidikan 6, no. 2 (October 1, 2022): 2198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.33487/edumaspul.v6i2.4596.
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Abstract
The factual condition illustrates that the condition of the Indonesian people is increasingly critical. This incident was triggered by various unresolved social problems. Social problems are a scourge of shared homework, especially teachers and the community. A multicultural approach integrated with Social Sciences (IPS). Educational learning offers an alternative through the application of diversity-based educational strategies and concepts in the Community. This paper aims to describe theoretically how to integrate multicultural approaches and social studies. So, the portion of multicultural education and social studies is able to equip students with sensitivity in dealing with social symptoms and problems that are rooted in differences. These differences such as ethnicity, race, religion, and values that occur in the community environment for the cultivation of unity. Therefore, this substance and learning model will be able to focus learning on appreciating cultural diversity in the 21st century era.
Keywords: Social Problems, Multicultural Approach, Social Science Education.
THE CONCEPT OF A MULTICULTURAL APPROACH THROUGH SOCIAL STUDIES EDUCATION AND ITS RELEVANCE IN THE 21ST CENTURY ERA
Abstract
Factual conditions illustrate the increasingly critical condition of Indonesian society. This incident was triggered by various unresolved social problems. Social problems become the scourge of shared homework, especially teachers and communities. A multicultural approach integrated with Social Sciences (IPS). Educational learning offers an alternative through the application of diversity-based educational strategies and concepts that exist in the Community. This paper aims to theoretically describe how to integrate multicultural and social studies approaches. So, the portion of multicultural education and social studies is able to equip students with sensitivity in dealing with symptoms and social problems that are rooted in differences. These differences include ethnicity, race, religion, and values that occur in the community for the cultivation of unity. Therefore, the substance and model of this learning will be able to focus learning on the passion for cultural diversity in the era of the 21st Century.
Keywords: Social Problems, Multicultural Approach, Social Science Education
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Podshibyakina, Tat'yana A. "Cognitive Freedom as a New Political Freedom of the 21st century." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 468 (2021): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/468/11.
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In political science, it is rarely possible to work with a topic of extremely significant social problems that has not yet found a proper understanding by the scientific community. This includes the concept of cognitive freedom, which already claims to be the new political freedom of the 21st century but is practically not represented in the scientific discourse. This article does not claim to be a complete theoretical and methodological representation of cognitive freedom as a political freedom, it is only an invitation to a discussion about its essence, features, practical significance, and many other aspects of this unique phenomenon. A review of publications on the topic of cognitive freedom from the point of view of psychological, neuro-ethical, epistemological, and cognitive trends is conducted; the degree of its study is evaluated; and the results obtained are summarized. The author's contribution to the understanding of cognitive freedom was the substantiation of the diffusive concept of cognitive freedom using a combination of two approaches: implicit cognitive science and political diffusionism. The diffusive concept of cognitive freedom can be formulated as follows: cognitive freedom is the freedom of representation, dissemination, and transmission of knowledge or information by individuals in diffusion networks. The concept “knowledge transfer” is introduced, meaning that its dissemination is carried out under conditions of some restriction of freedom in the form of prohibition, influence, pressure. This is the political nature of diffusion that acquires signs of managing or manipulating participants in the interaction. This concept should develop the concept of cognitive freedom in terms of one of the conditions for its implementation - the freedom to present, receive, distribute, and transmit knowledge in diffusion networks (a communication channel through which information and knowledge flow). The practical significance of the diffusive concept of cognitive freedom lies in its suitability for identifying the possibilities of managing the free process of political diffusion. Several cognitive technologies based on the principles of “cognitive control”, which in fact plays the role of a kind of “limiter” or even an obstacle to the freedom of obtaining, storing or distributing knowledge, are described. The types of cognitive technologies are identified: technologies for managing human cognitive abilities at the level of the unconscious, technologies for managing the process of organizing information, technologies for strategic narratives, and framing technology: technologies for managing mnemonic practices, technologies for controlling social media as communicators.
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Nesterova, T. P., and D. V. Ushakov. "“Loneliness of Catalonia”: Separatism in Catalan-speaking Regions in Spain in 21st Century." Nauchnyi dialog 13, no. 3 (April 25, 2024): 506–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2024-13-3-506-525.
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The article analyzes the historical, ethno-social, economic, and political reasons for the formation of separatist tendencies in regions where the Catalan language is spoken in Spain: Catalonia, Valencia, and the Balearic Islands. It is commonly believed that these regions share many similarities, yet in practice only Catalonia seeks independence. The study investigates why separatist tendencies are prominently displayed in only one of the Catalan-speaking regions. The research is based on historical facts, scholarly works dedicated to separatism in Catalan-speaking regions, statistical data on the economies of the regions and election results, and news reports. The conclusion drawn from the study is that the Catalan-speaking regions have many distinct characteristics: they have different histories tied to their past status as regions; different self-perceptions within Spain and globally, varying economic conditions, and consequently different political tendencies. It is proven that due to historical, ethno-social, economic, and political reasons, Valencia and the Balearic Islands have no intention of separating from Spain, leaving Catalonia alone in its quest for independence.
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Besley, A. C. (Tina). "Into the 21St Century: The McCrone and McConnell Reports – Opening the Possibility for Introducing Full-Time School Counsellors Into Scottish Schools." Scottish Educational Review 34, no. 1 (March 13, 2002): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/27730840-03401007.
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Unlike some other Western countries, most Scottish schools do not have full-time guidance teachers or school counsellors. In secondary schools, guidance teachers teach and provide educational, vocational and personal guidance, but are not trained as counsellors. Both the McCrone Report (Scottish Executive, 2001a) that focuses on teachers, workload and stress, and the McConnell Report (Scottish Executive, 2001b) that focuses on discipline and support for students, open up new possibilities for this wide-ranging role that has changed little since it was established in 1968. The article analyses these recent policies and some recent Scottish research to argue in favour of introducing full-time guidance teachers/school counsellors into Scottish schools to meet both student and teacher needs. A model of specialised and professionalised school counselling as exists in most New Zealand secondary schools is presented as a possible direction as Scotland reviews existing systems and addresses barriers to learning, social inclusion and student discipline.
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Deny Setiawan, Julia Ivana, Sri Yunita, and Hidayat Hidayat. "Social Science Material Development Design Space-Time-Values Dimensions to Improve 21st Century Life Skills." Randwick International of Social Science Journal 3, no. 4 (October 31, 2022): 702–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.47175/rissj.v3i4.520.
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This development research aims to produce a design for the development of Social Science materials with space-time-values dimensions to improve 21st century life skills among students of the Faculty of Social Sciences, Universitas Negeri Medan. The specific target to be achieved is the production of a Social Science Material Development textbook with the Space-Time-Values Dimension. The research method used is the R&D method following the Borg & Gall procedure. The research subjects involved: lecturers who teach courses; students as subjects for a limited group trial; and five experts for textbook validation. The instruments used were expert validation questionnaires, learning outcomes tests and observation sheets which were analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis to analyze information on various field conditions; quantitative descriptive analysis used to analyze the scores given by the expert; and statistical analysis assisted by STATCAL software. The result of the research shows that the textbook for the Development of Social Science Materials with the dimensions of space-time-values was developed, valid and suitable for use. Other findings based on observations show that the design of textbook material development contributes to students' 21st century life skills in aspects: critical thinking and problem solving, creative and innovative, communication skills, and collaboration skills.
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Marinkovic, Ivan. "Causes of death in Serbia since the mid-20th century." Stanovnistvo 50, no. 1 (2012): 89–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv1201089m.
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The structure of the leading causes of death in Serbia has considerably changed in the last half century. Diseases which presented the main threat to the population a few decades ago are now at the level of a statistical error. On the one side are causes which drastically changed their share in total mortality in this time interval, while others have shown stability and persistence among the basic causes of death. Acute infectious diseases "have been replaced" with chronic noninfectious diseases, due to the improvement of general and health conditions. One of the consequences of such changes is increased life expectancy and a larger share of older population which resulted in cardiovascular diseases and tumors to dominate more and more in total mortality. Convergent trends in the structure of the leading causes of death in Serbia from the middle of the 20th century are the reasons why there are considerably fewer diseases and causes with a significant rate in total population mortality at the beginning of the 21st century. During the 1950s, there were five groups of diseases and causes which participated individually with more than 10% of population mortality (infectious diseases, heart and circulatory diseases, respiratory diseases, some perinatal conditions and undefined states) while at the beginning of the new century there were only two such groups (cardiovascular diseases and tumors). Identical trends exist in all European countries, as well as in the rest of the developed world. The leading causes of death in Serbia are cardiovascular diseases. An average of somewhat over 57.000 people died annually in the period from 2007 - 2009, which represents 55.5% of total population mortality. Women are more numerous among the deceased and this difference is increasing due to population feminization. The most frequent cause of death in Serbia, after heart and circulatory diseases, are tumors, which caused 21,415 deaths in 2009. Neoplasms are responsible for one fifth of all deaths. Their number has doubled in three decades, from 9,107 in 1975 to about 20,000 at the beginning of the 21st century, whereby tumors have become the fastest growing cause of death. Least changes in absolute number of deaths in the last half century were marked among violent deaths. Observed by gender, men are in average three times more numerous among violent deaths than women. In the middle of the 20th century in Serbia, one third of the deaths caused by violence were younger than 25 and as many as one half were younger than 35 years old. Only one tenth (11%) of total number of violent deaths were from the age group of 65 or older. At the end of the first decade of the 21st century (2009), the share of population younger than 25 in the total number of violent deaths was decreased four times (and amounted to 8%). At the same time, the rate of those older than 65 or more quadrupled (amounted to 39%).
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Coker, Helen, Qudsia Kalsoom, and Duncan Mercieca. "Teachers’ Use of Knowledge in Curriculum Making: Implications for Social Justice." Education Sciences 14, no. 1 (December 20, 2023): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci14010003.
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Curriculum work is a key part of teachers’ practice and involves engaging with different types of knowledge. The way in which teachers use this knowledge will influence pupils’ experience of the curriculum in their classroom. In the globalised world of the 21st century, knowledge questions are important considerations, as schooling is situated in inequitable systems and social structures. This qualitative research study examined teachers’ use of knowledge as they made the curriculum in their classrooms. Data were generated via interviews with primary school teachers in Scotland and thematically analysed. Five types of knowledge were identified and then critically examined using Nancy Fraser’s framework for social justice. This enabled examination of the implications of teachers’ use of knowledge in their curriculum work. Findings were congruous with previous research on this topic, highlighting the complexity of curriculum work. Our analysis suggests that while the focus on ‘pupil-centred’ education is important, as it acts to recognise pupils in curriculum work, the redistribution of knowledge is a key consideration in the globalised and digitised present day. Digital tools and spaces not only provide access to information but also provide new opportunities for inequity and oppressive social relations; continual reflection on the knowledge flow into schools is an important consideration for both teachers and policy-makers.
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Лишуан, Го, Ду Ванюэ, and Сюй Цзин. "Критика глобального кризиса капитализма с позиции современных российских ученых." Vek globalizatsii, no. 1 (March 30, 2024): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.30884/vglob/2024.01.04.
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Chinese Marxist philosophers analyze the critical understanding by Russian scientists of the global crisis of capitalism and the prospects for social development in the 21st century. It is noted that the global crisis of capitalism is a natural stage of systemic contradictions in the logic of bourgeois development, and that modern problems of the capitalist economy are rooted in the inevitability of cyclical crises in conditions of market production and the hegemony of financial capital. It is suggested that the global crisis of capitalism is a cumulative manifestation of globalization in the 21st century, reflecting the fragility of the alliance of capitalist countries and intensifying the confrontation between the great powers in the context of the transformation of the international order. This, as noted in the articles, indicates the inability of the neoliberal system to cope with the challenges of the modern world. The international community must overcome the contradictions of internationalism and nationalism, based on Marxist ideas of the state, social community and human wellfare, which is the starting point for building global socialism.
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WILLIS, PAUL. "Foot Soldiers of Modernity: The Dialectics of Cultural Consumption and the 21st-Century School." Harvard Educational Review 73, no. 3 (September 1, 2003): 390–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.17763/haer.73.3.0w5086336u305184.
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Drawing on more than twenty-five years of experience researching and theorizing about culture, youth, and society, Paul Willis presents a broad theoretical argument that positions the school as the site and instrument through which cultural responses to material conditions are played out. Willis distinguishes between three "waves of modernization" that stem from radical shifts in technological and material production and that are accompanied by specific cultural forms, particularly forms of youth culture. He argues that it is from these specific cultural forms that an effective struggle for social change can emerge.
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Vuletic, Vladimir, and Dragan Stanojevic. "Sociological issues in the first decade of 21st century: Comparative analysis of Serbia and Croatia." Sociologija 55, no. 1 (2013): 47–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc1301047v.
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The paper analyzes the thematic orientation of sociological works published in three sociological journals in Serbia and Croatia (Sociologija, Socioloski pregled and Revija za sociologiju) during two last decades of 20th and the first decade of 21st century. The aim of the paper, set in the opening section, is to investigate the topics which are dealt with by sociologists in Serbia during this turbulent historical period. On the basis of this analysis, answers to the following questions will be attempted: has Serbian sociology kept track, and to what extent, of the changes taking place in the society, and hence how much it has been under the influence of the latter. In the second part of the article the openness of the Serbian sociology toward the world is discussed in the context of aforementioned changes. In order to make judgments and conclusions as objective as possible this topic is considered in a comparative framework - comparing it with conditions in Croatian sociology.
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Haddad, Rd Sugara Mochamnad, and Ujang Suprihat. "The Influence of Pancasila and Civic Education Teachers in Shaping the Character of Students as a Response and Challenge of the 21st Century." JETISH: Journal of Education Technology Information Social Sciences and Health 2, no. 1 (March 29, 2023): 652–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.57235/jetish.v2i1.432.
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This research was motivated by the discovery of problems such as lack of responsibility, discipline, communication between students, and individualist tendencies. The purpose of this study is to determine and analyze the influence of Pancasaila and Civic Education teachers in shaping the character of students as a response and challenge of the 21st century. Survey research method with quantitative approach. Data collection techniques include questionnaires and documentation. Respondents consisted of 52 students. The results of the study based on calculations using SPSS software version 25 obtained results 1) of 5.8%, this shows that the influence of the contribution of PPKn teachers is low in shaping the character of students at SMA Negeri 1 Subang. 2) by 20.8%, this shows that the influence of PPKn teachers is the level of influence is in shaping the character of students in the 21st century. 3) an influence of 8%, this shows that the influence of PPKn teachers in shaping the character of students is very low before researchers conducted research in grade X of SMA Negeri 1 Subang. 4) by 25.6%. This shows that the influence of PPKn teachers in shaping the character of students has changed the level of change, which is in shaping the character of students as a response and challenge of the 21st century. From these data, it shows that teachers of Pancasila and Civic Education have an influence in shaping the character of students as a response to the challenges of the 21st century. By being influenced by factors such as planning, implementing learning, student conditions, student character, teacher guidance and motivation, teacher social attitudes, and the use of learning facilities.
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Kim, Kyung Chae. "The Understanding of Multicultural Services in Libraries and Applicability to Medical Libraries." Journal of Korean Medical Library Association 39, no. 1_2 (December 2012): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.69528/jkmla2012.39.1_2.63.
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In the 21st century, our society is becoming multiculturalized rapidly due to diversification and internationalization. Currently, domestic immigrants reached 1,418,149 people at september 2011. We investigated cases of multicultural services in domestic libraries and analysed actual conditions of the sevices including program types. To keep pace with these social environmental changes, medical library researched the actual conditions of the multicultural services in domestic medical libraries, and Librarians' awareness of the multicultural services and tried to seek solutions in order to give active help to cultural minority users and to support their happy life.
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Wedel, Janine R. "From Power Elites to Influence Elites: Resetting Elite Studies for the 21st Century." Theory, Culture & Society 34, no. 5-6 (July 10, 2017): 153–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276417715311.
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The dominant theory of elite power, grounded in Weberian bureaucracy, has analyzed elites in terms of stable positions at the top of enduring institutions. Today, many conditions that spawned these stable ‘command posts’ no longer prevail, and elite power thus warrants rethinking. This article advances an argument about contemporary ‘influence elites’. The way they are organized and the modus operandi they employ to wield influence enable them to evade public accountability, a hallmark of a democratic society. Three cases are presented, first to investigate changes in how elites operate and, second, to examine varying configurations in which the new elites are organized. The cases demonstrate that influence elites intermesh hierarchies and networks, serve as connectors, and coordinate influence from multiple, moving perches, inside and outside official structures. Their flexible and multi-positioned organizing modes call for reconsidering elite theory and grappling with the implications of these elites for democratic society.
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GONCHARENKO, M. S. "Changing the paradigm of education in the conditions of today’s challenges." Higher Education of Ukraine in the Context of Integration to European Educational Space 91, (II) 1 (February 28, 2023): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.38014/osvita.2023.91.02.
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The article presents the results of the analysis of the current state of education in Ukraine and in the world. The beginning of the 21st century is characterized by extremely intensive changes at all levels of human life and the surrounding environment. Revolutionary scientific discoveries, the development of electronics and computer technology are changing the world beyond recognition and are already shaping the image of the 21st century. Political and social living conditions are also changing, pandemics, military conflicts lead to psychological and moral tension... In addition to anthropogenic changes, cosmic and planetary changes are taking place. For example, the so-called Schumann resonance frequency was unchanged on our planet for many centuries. This is the natural oscillation of the Earth (pulse of the earth) - a low-frequency wave that has begun to change in the last 20 years. External changes cause internal changes. The Schchumann resonance, and possibly other cosmic phenomena, affect a person and his health, accelerate the processes of change on the planet and in the human body. Thus, it is natural that children born in new conditions differ from their parents. It is clear that training for them should be different. At this stage, training methods do not have time to change and meet the challenges of today. The article presents the paradigms of changes in the system of education, training and upbringing of the younger generation in the period of rapid changes.
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Puyu, V., M. Bakhmat, Y. Khmelianchyshyn, V. Stepanchenko, O. Bakhmat, and H. Pantsyreva. "Social-and-Ecological Aspects of Forage Production Reform in Ukraine in the Early 21st Century." European Journal of Sustainable Development 10, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2021.v10n1p221.
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On the basis of the "three sigma" rule, a statistical stratification of the Ukrainian effective community into economic welfare groups according to their social and economic status has been carried out, thus creating the basis for substantiating the expediency of reforming the forage production sector in order to further expand the production of organic livestock products through the up-to-date approaches to the formation and use of climate adaptive feed-related phytocenoses. In order to increase the productivity of grass fodder, an innovative model of the grass-grazing complex has been developed. Its structure includes a cyclic wedge of long-term cereal-bean pasture which involves perennial grasses of the botanical species adapted to the zonal ecological and technological conditions, a satellite wedge of traditional mixtures of annual crops and atypical pasture plants – burnet polygamous (Poterium poligamum Woldst. et Kit.), prairie dock (Silphium perfoliatum L.) and others, whose herbage is used during the off-season, when the main cyclic wedge is found to be low-yielding, as well as a sheltered base, equipped with outdoor hoppers and shelters designed to protect animals in bad weather. The introduction of meadows and pastures in the system of zonal fodder production will contribute to the improvement and stabilization of the production of cheap and adequately nutritious herbal feeds thus increasing the resource potential of the area.
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Bondarenko, Halyna. "New Aspects of Religious Life in Ukraine in the Conditions of the Social Challenges of the 21st Century." Folk art and ethnology, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/nte2022.01.009.
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The changes in religious life of Ukrainian society of the 21st century are analysed in the article. Problems of church-state relations transformation, significance of religious-cultural heritage, confessional diversity and religious influence on society remain relevant not only in Ukraine, but in Europe as a whole. The peculiarity of Ukrainian religious life of the time period studied consists in its denominational diversity provided by law. Connection between religious affiliation and national identity in Ukrainian society, documented by researchers, is not only found in Orthodox midst, but also in Catholic, Islamic and Jewish religious communities. The Revolution of Dignity has become a turning point in the activity of church organizations. Many Prayerful Maidans, held during that time in various Ukrainian cities, are ecumenical in nature. The concept of Maidan theology has appeared and become widely used. It is introduced by the theologian Kyrylo Hovorun. This process has confirmed the necessity for church to start work in the direction of dialogue with society. Civic attitude of church leaders and social doctrine of the church have experienced significant changes because of military events in the Eastern Ukraine. Interconfessional consolidation of religious communities and believers on the principles of patriotism has taken place in the conditions of threat of the state security loss. The religious landscape of the country has been changed because of the territories loss and migration processes: a number of Protestant and Muslim communities is decreased on the occupied territories. The representatives of various denominations provide humanitarian aid to the wounded, displaced persons and the residents of the so-called Grey Zone. Military chaplaincy has become widespread and established by law. Receiving of the Tomos in 2018 and creation of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine has become a significant geopolitical event, assessed by the public opinion as an act of justice restoring, restitution of its historical heritage to Ukrainian church. Covid-19 pandemia has corrected the development of the country’s religious life, influencing both the level of common religiosity of the population and social stability in general. The significance of digital technologies in churches’ activity has increased during this time. Virtual liturgies and public prayers have hundreds of thousands of views (especially on holidays), social media vaccine discussions, video addresses of religious leaders to the flock in connection with key social events testify the population interest in church issues and importance of the religious factor in modern Ukrainian society.
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Dorul, Olga, and Doina Cazacu. "Human dignity - source and foundation of human rights and freedoms in the 21st century." Journal of the National Institute of Justice, no. 4(59) (December 2021): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.52277/1857-2405.2021.4(59).06.
Full textAbstract:
Human dignity is a criterion of appreciation among people, because each of us wants dignity, it comes from our own nature, but it can be achieved in the community of which we are part. Throughout the existence and development of mankind, there have been various situations in which, however, human dignity has been violated. These situations, in turn, in addition to making the problem visible, served as a pillar for inventing new areas of protection of human dignity, such as: from the perspective of unbearable social conditions and the marginalization of poor social classes; unequal treatment of women and men at work; discrimination against foreigners and cultural, linguistic, religious and racial minorities; brutal expulsion of illegal immigrants and applicants today, disability, medicine, etc. In light of such specific challenges, various aspects of the significance of human dignity arise from the multitude of experiences of what it means to be humiliated and deeply hurt. All these have taken to a new level the perception of human dignity and have generated, depending on the stated problem, different legal, international instruments meant to protect the dignity of human being.
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Belausteguigoitia, Jone, Jon Laurenz, and Alberto Gómez. "Modular Ecotechnological Architecture: A Response to The Demands of the 21st Century." Open House International 36, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-01-2011-b0011.
Full textAbstract:
Constant change in current market and social conditions has triggered the demand for a more adaptable building stock. The capacity to assume and accommodate change has thus become a new requirement for buildings. At the same time, there is a growing demand for more environmentally conscious buildings. New protocols, building codes, and certification systems are becoming stricter regarding buildings’ CO2 emissions, energy efficiency, and other environmental aspects. The current building industry fails to satisfy these two demands; conventional buildings rarely enable change, unless undergoing complex renovations, and rarely consider environmental features beyond mandatory legislation. In this context, this paper proposes Modular Ecotechnological Architecture as a response to both demands. The basis is an integrated design that looks at energy, water, and materials’ efficiency altogether, combined with a modular industrialized building system. The system allows buildings to grow or reduce in size according to their needs, with little impact for their inhabitants, enabling versatility for a variety of uses within the same space and over time. This paper presents the concept of this new building system together with the technical, building code-related, and economic challenges encountered throughout recent experimental projects.
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Muñoz, Oscar Gonzalez, and Bertha Alicia Arce Castro. "Rethinking the development of social policy in front of the millennium goals. changing programs and speeches as alternatives to the official message." EUREKA: Social and Humanities, no. 2 (March 31, 2022): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5571.2022.002342.
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This article focuses on Mexicans, socially perceived as poor, and the impact of social policy in force in the second decade of the 21st century, focused on improving the living conditions of the population, living in poverty and facing the national democratic process, which represents the alternative of change to the national conditions in Mexico. A country with social inequalities, where the lack of guaranteeing equal living conditions through institutional frameworks that guarantee opportunities and access to common satisfiers is evident. Therefore, in the midst of a democratization process, the State seeks to address the levels of precariousness. In the midst of the recognition of the basic needs to be met among those who are reviewing the renewed social policy of the 21st century, the need to strengthen the living conditions of the excluded is prioritized and in its consolidation process it would guarantee attention to poverty through institutional channels. This is the case of the social development law, which deals with a problem of productive order from a State vision. An analysis is carried out that seeks to identify the relationship between the effectiveness of current actions to combat the lack of attention to basic needs and the institutionalized discourse, which, according to the social research approach, strengthens the interest in conducting studies on social precariousness as a group characteristic; fueled by the political discourse, exalted by the government in turn of the poor first. In this case, it is the message that strengthens the need to analyze the way, in which poverty is measured based on the recognition of poverty lines, as an instrument that allows knowing the number of people in that condition, according to the levels of dissatisfaction of food needs and due to the low level of economic income (inability to consume a basic set of food goods) for rural and urban environments. Therefore, it seeks to measure the lack of food needs, without considering the causes of inability to generate minimum income levels to consume basic foods.
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Muñoz, Ed A. "“Why Not Nuevo Mexicano Studies?”: Interrogating Latinidades in the Intermountain West, 1528–2020." Genealogy 5, no. 3 (July 22, 2021): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy5030068.
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While there has been an explosion of scholarly interest in the historical and contemporary social, economic, and political status of U.S. Latinx individuals and communities, the majority focuses on traditional Southwestern U.S., Northeastern U.S., and South Florida rural/urban enclaves. Recent “New Destinations” research, however, documents the turn of the 21st century Latinx experiences in non-traditional white/black, and rural/urban Latinx regional enclaves. This socio-historical essay adds to and challenges emerging literature with a nearly five-century old delineation of Latinidad in the Intermountain West, a region often overlooked in the construction of Latina/o identity. Selected interviews from the Spanish-Speaking Peoples in Utah Oral History and Wyoming’s La Cultura Hispanic Heritage Oral History projects shed light on Latinidad and the adoption of Latinx labels in the region during the latter third of the 20th century centering historical context, material conditions, sociodemographic characteristics, and institutional processes in this decision. Findings point to important implications for the future of Latinidad in light of the region’s Latinx renaissance at the turn of the 21st century. The region’s increased Latino proportional presence, ethnic group diversity, and socioeconomic variability poses challenges to the region’s long-established Hispano/Nuevo Mexicano Latinidad.