Journal articles: 'Scotland – Highlands'

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Kennedy, Allan. "Civility, order and the highlands in Cromwellian Britain." Innes Review 69, no. 1 (May 2018): 49–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/inr.2018.0159.

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Above all, the republican regime that governed first England, and then the entirety of the British Isles in the 1650s viewed itself as ‘godly’. This was a concept with deep roots in English puritanism, and it conditioned the domestic aims and policies of the Cromwellian state. We know that the Commonwealth made some effort to export ‘godliness’ to Scotland, but little has so far been done to trace the implications of this agenda for the most traditionally ‘ungodly’ part of Scotland – the Highlands. This article traces how the notion of ‘godliness’ influenced Cromwellian attitudes towards Highland Scotland, as well as exploring the ways in which government policy tried to affect religious and behavioural reformation among Highlanders. In so doing, the article seeks to shed light upon the nature of the English regime in Scotland, while also offering an under-appreciated insight into the mental realm of the Commonwealth state more broadly.

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Devine, T. M. "Climax of Clearance: Famine, Race and Compulsory Emigration." Scottish Affairs 32, no. 4 (November 2023): 449–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/scot.2023.0475.

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This public lecture considers the impact of the 1840s European potato blight on Scotland. It focuses especially on the Highlands, where phytophthora infestans exposed the people of the region to acute life-threatening crisis. Throughout, comparisons and contrasts are drawn with the Great Irish Famine ( an Gorta Mór) which has attracted much more scholarly and popular attention than the famine in Scotland. One key question is why did the Highlands not starve, unlike the appalling tragedy over the Irish Sea? Devine further describes how Highland famine triggered an unprecedented scale and intensity of ‘clearance’, forced removal of people from their traditional holdings, which emptied entire districts of their people. He concludes by querying whether the era of Clearance ended with the removal of forced mass eviction, or whether other strategies by the landed class served to compel Highlanders to leave.

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Malkin, S. G. "Feudalism and the «Highland Problem» in the Public Sphere of Great Britain (1715–1745)." Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations 12, no. 3 (2012): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-4907-2012-12-3-37-40.

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The article analyses representations on the feudal base of political economy in the Highlands of Scotland in the public sphere of Great Britain between the Jacobite rebellions in 1715–1716 and 1745–1746 in the context of solution of the «Highland Problem» through the appeasement, modernization of the region and strengthening loyalty of the Highlanders to the Hannover dynasty and the government in London.

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Macleod, Alasdair J. "The Days of the Fathers: John Kennedy of Dingwall and the Writing of Highland Church History." Scottish Church History 49, no. 2 (October 2020): 123–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/sch.2020.0032.

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Between 1843 and 1900, the evangelical Presbyterianism of the Highlands of Scotland diverged from that of Lowland Scotland. That divergence was chiefly the product of Lowland change, as southern evangelicals increasingly rejected Calvinistic theology, conservative practices in worship, and high views of Biblical inspiration. The essay addresses the question why this divergence occurred: why did the Highlands largely reject this course of change? This article argues for the significance of the historical writings of John Kennedy (1819–84), minister of Dingwall Free Church, the ‘Spurgeon of the Highlands’. In his book, The Days of the Fathers in Ross-shire (1861), Kennedy offered a commendatory if sentimental account of the history of a conceptualised Highland Church, which, by implication, challenged readers of his own day to uphold the same priorities. This article demonstrates that by his writing of history, Kennedy helped to guide the trajectory of evangelicalism in the Highlands in a conservative direction that emphasised personal piety, self-examination of religious experience, and theological orthodoxy, in consistency with the Highland ‘fathers’. Kennedy's work was influential in instilling a new confidence and cohesion in the Highland Church around its distinctive principles, in opposition to the course of Lowland evangelicalism. Finally, Kennedy's influence became evident in the divergence between Highland and Lowland evangelicalism, which led eventually to divisions in 1893 and 1900, when his heirs took up separate institutional forms, as the Free Presbyterian Church and continuing Free Church, to maintain these principles.

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Cameron, Ewen A. "The Scottish Highlands as a Special Policy Area, 1886 to 1965." Rural History 8, no. 2 (October 1997): 195–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793300001278.

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This paper has two objectives. The first is to explore the creation of a Highland policy area in the 1880s. Emphasis will be placed on the use of historical arguments by the government in the course of the construction of the Crofters Holdings (Scotland) Act of 1886, especially in the attempt to justify confining the operation of that statute to the Highlands. The second theme, explored in the latter parts of the paper, concerns the strategies which succeeding governments have used to justify the perpetuation of a distinct Highland policy area. An element of continuity in Highland history in the twentieth century has been the special treatment of the area by governments. On the occasions when this has caused resentment in other rural areas of Britain, the Scottish Office response has been to argue that the Highlands are a special case because of the existence of the crofting counties with their special code of legislation. Clearly, this is a tautological argument and it is hoped that this paper, by exploring the period from the creation of the crofting legislation in the 1880s, to the late twentieth century, will shed some light on its origins. It will be argued that this has created a climate of fear in the Highlands and particularly the crofting community, but also, on occasion in the Lowlands. Further, there are occasions when the existence of a special Highland policy area has served to marginalise Highland policy. The paper falls into five main sections: the first will briefly review the literature about the Highland/Lowland division in Scotland, the second will look at the origins of the Crofters' Act of 1886, the third will examine the period from 1906 to 1911 when aspects of crofting legislation were extended to the rest of Scotland; the fourth section will identify the inter war period as an era when Highland policy became more diverse and the final section will scrutinise the impact of that more diverse approach in the years after the Second World War.

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Quye, Anita, and Hugh Cheape. "Rediscovering the Arisaid." Costume 42, no. 1 (June 1, 2008): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174963008x285151.

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The stereotype of 'traditional' Highland dress is the kilted male figure. The National Museums Scotland (NMS) and other museums have long included a category 'Arisaids' in their collections; research reveals that this was a female version of 'traditional' Highland dress, a finely-made and high status garment which was going out of fashion in the eighteenth century, though leaving some material evidence. This essay looks at evidence within the textiles themselves, using results from dye analysis, and places the results against sparse but telling historical and literary evidence to rediscover a 'lost' fashion. In the Highlands and Islands of Scotland, this was high colour, high quality and high fashion.

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Bowness, James. "Masters Highland Games and imaginations of home." International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research 14, no. 3 (June 4, 2020): 441–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcthr-10-2019-0179.

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Purpose This paper aims to explore the journeys of a group of North American Master athletes who travelled to Scotland to compete in the 2014 Masters World Championship Highland Games. Conceptualising, the Masters World Championship Highland Games as a unique form of sport heritage tourism, the paper explores how imaginations of the host venue are caught within individual and collective histories, while also being influenced by the socio-political context of contemporary Scotland. Design/methodology/approach After detailing the histories of the Highland games and Scottish emigration, the study draws upon a qualitative methodology to explore how such histories impact the imaginations of the Highland region. Findings This paper examines the journeys of athletes to the games, how they understood the games venue space and surrounding areas, and also how the Highland region itself was the site of contested meanings. The study concludes with a discussion of the narratives that frame imaginations of the Highlands and Scotland more broadly. Originality/value The paper adds to existing knowledge on sport heritage tourism and considers how conceptualisations of Scotland continue to be renegotiated in light of contemporary political developments.

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Roberts, Alasdair. "Education and Faith in the Catholic Highlands of Scotland." Recusant History 27, no. 4 (October 2005): 537–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034193200031654.

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The Highland policies of the Society in Scotland for the Propagation of Christian Knowledge (SSPCK) have been much discussed. In light of subsequent efforts of Royal Bounty catechists directed to areas where ‘Popery and Ignorance do mostly prevail’, it is worth considering how questions of education and faith were regarded within the Catholic Highlands of Scotland. The geographical scope of what Archbishop Mario Conti, chairman of the Scottish Catholic Heritage Commission, has described as a ‘broad swathe’ from east to west can be seen in the Historic Catholic Sites brochure which accompanies this issue of Recusant History. ‘Popery’ was routinely linked with ignorance by Established Church ministers who sent reports, but these same reports emphasised ‘the number of small schools, which apparently were established, and the existence of women catechists, trained by the clergy as their own fore-runners, in early eighteenth-century Scotland.’

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Kennedy, Allan Douglas. "Reducing That Barbarous Country: Center, Periphery, and Highland Policy in Restoration Britain." Journal of British Studies 52, no. 3 (July 2013): 597–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2013.115.

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AbstractDespite a recent expansion of interest in the history of Restoration Scotland, historiographical engagement with the place of the Highlands in the Restoration state continues to be relatively limited. Building upon recent research into the political culture of the later seventeenth century, this article offers a new conceptualization of the relationship between the center and the Highland periphery. It argues that the region was heavily integrated into wider political circumstances, while recognizing that contemporary statesmen remained concerned about its perceived wildness. From this basis, the article moves on to consider the nature of Highland policy, suggesting that tactical shifts spoke of deeper strategic uncertainty as to whether the Highlands were best controlled through the direct imposition of government power or by close cooperation with local elites.

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Murray-Smith, David J. "The Highlands Hybrid." Electric and Hybrid Rail Technology 2021, no. 1 (July 2021): 48–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/s2754-7760(23)70013-3.

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The University of Glasgow and Arcola Energy outline how computer simulations of fuel-cell and battery-electric trains on secondary routes in Scotland have been used to determine the most efficient alternative propulsion system

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Kennedy, Allan. "Highlanders and the City: Migration, Segmentation, and the Image of the Highlander in Early Modern London, 1603-c.1750." Northern Scotland 12, no. 2 (November 2021): 111–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/nor.2021.0245.

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The study of Scottish migration in the early modern period has experienced extensive growth in recent decades, but has tended to privilege overseas movement over the presence of Scots elsewhere in Britain. This is particularly true of migrants from the Scottish Highlands: much has been written about Highlanders in America or Continental Europe, but almost nothing is known about their experiences in England and Wales, and in particular in London, consistently the major destination of Scots moving southwards. This article seeks to address that gap by exploring the extent and nature of Highland migration to London during the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. It begins by surveying the surviving evidence for Highlanders’ presence in the English capital, suggesting that they were most readily to be found in the elite and mercantile sectors, and were comparatively rarer among the ranks of artisans, professionals, or the poor. It is also argued that Highlanders tended not to form a coherent ethnic ‘bloc’, but instead were subsumed within the wider Scottish diaspora. This, however, was paradoxical, because London was during this period developing a strong image of ‘the Highlanders’ as distinctive from ‘the Scot’. The article therefore goes on to explore the origins of Highlander imagery, and concludes that those Highlanders actually resident in London contributed very little to it. Instead, image-makers drew predominantly on pre-existing Scottish stereotypes, travellers’ reports, outlaw tales, and political discourse, for example surrounding Jacobitism. All of this suggests a degree of invisibility around the Highland community in early modern London, and that, the article suggests, underlines the fundamental blurriness of the Highland/Lowland divide within Scotland. It also indicates that a segmented, rather than ethno-cultural model of assimilation might offer the most reliable means of understanding the Scottish diaspora in early modern London.

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Roberts, Alasdair. "Jesuits in the Highlands: Three Phases." Journal of Jesuit Studies 7, no. 1 (January 7, 2020): 103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22141332-00701007.

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The Jesuit mission to Scotland began with minimal numbers in the sixteenth century but built up with the support of Catholic nobles. Leading members of the Society had serious hopes of converting James vi to his mother’s religion although the king merely used them and their lay patrons as a counter to Presbyterian pressure. Apart from the show-piece victory at Glenlivet there was no Jesuit presence in the Highlands. John Ogilvie was not, as has been suggested, a Highlander. During most of the seventeenth century, gentry families in the Grampian mountains were served on a small scale from neighbouring Lowland bases. No knowledge of Gaelic was required. The final phase represented a change of approach, as Jesuits worked among some of Scotland’s poorest people in forbidding terrain and extreme weather. Setting themselves to learn the Gaelic language they achieved notable success in Braemar and Strathglass.

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MacPherson, Jim. "Fraser in Fearn: Migration, Diaspora, and the Ghosts of Empire in the Return Visits of Peter Fraser (New Zealand Prime Minister) to the Highlands, 1935–1949." Northern Scotland 14, no. 2 (November 2023): 170–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/nor.2023.0296.

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Building on Eric Richards’ ideas about Scottish Highlanders as an ‘imperial people’, this article is about how diasporic movement and connection created significant bonds between Easter Ross and New Zealand in the twentieth century and beyond. It focuses on a microstudy of the village of Fearn, famed as the birthplace of Peter Fraser, who was Prime Minister of New Zealand from 1940 to 1949. Peter Fraser returned to the Scottish Highlands many times during the 1930s and 1940s, and these visits reveal the diasporic links between different parts of empire and ask questions about our understanding of enduring imperial legacies and memories. I argue that Peter Fraser’s return visits to Fearn can be interpreted as a form of ‘homecoming’, which tell us much about Fraser himself and how his own sense of identity continued to be shaped by a connection to the place of his birth. However, this article focuses less on Fraser and more on the effect his return visits to Fearn had on the village and its communities. Fraser and Fearn become, then, a case study of the diasporic ties of belonging between Scotland and New Zealand and how a shared belief in empire, especially during World War Two, connected folk in the Highlands with diasporic Scots, such as Fraser, on the other side of the world. Peter Fraser’s return visits to Fearn nurtured this sense of imperial connection and the way in which Fraser’s Highland homecomings are remembered in the region demonstrate the ongoing legacies of empire that continue to shape Scotland to this day.

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Jones, D. H., C. Crichton, A. Macdonald, S. Potts, D. Sime, J. Toms, and J. Mckinlay. "Teledermatology in the Highlands of Scotland." Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 2, no. 1 (March 2, 1996): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/1357633961929402.

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Jones, D. H., C. Crichton, A. Macdonald, S. Potts; D. Sime, J. Toms, and J. McKinlay. "Teledermatology in the Highlands of Scotland." Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 2, no. 1_suppl (June 1996): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1357633x9600201s03.

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A pilot study of telemedicine consultations of 51 dermatology patients showed that the technology worked well, with the diagnosis being able to be made in most patients and over half of the patients being able to be dealt with through this medium only. It could therefore have a valuable screening role. However, many of the patients, in spite of the obvious advantage of an immediate consultant opinion, felt it would be more appropriately used as a review technique.

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Searle, Michael P. "Tectonic evolution of the Caledonian orogeny in Scotland: a review based on the timing of magmatism, metamorphism and deformation." Geological Magazine 159, no. 1 (October 15, 2021): 124–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756821000947.

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AbstractClassic tectonic models for the Caledonian orogeny in Scotland involve Ordovician collision of Laurentia–Midland Valley arc (Grampian orogeny), followed by middle Silurian collision of Laurentia–Baltica (Scandian orogeny) and 500–700 km of sinistral displacement along the Great Glen fault separating the Northern Highlands (Moine Supergroup) from the Grampian Highlands (Dalradian Supergroup). A review of the timing of magmatic and metamorphic rocks across Scotland allows a simpler explanation that fits with a classic Himalayan-style continent–island arc–continent collision. Late Cambrian – Early Ordovician NW-directed ophiolite obduction (Highland Border complex) coincided with the ending of stable continental shelf sedimentation along the eastern margin of Laurentia. Following collision between Laurentia and the Midland Valley arc–microcontinent in Early Ordovician time, crustal thickening and shortening led to almost continuous regional metamorphism from c. 470 to 420 Ma, rather than two discrete ‘orogenies’ (Grampian, Scandian). U–Pb monazite and garnet growth ages indicating prograde metamorphism, and S-type granites related to melting of crustal protoliths are coeval in the Grampian and Northern Highlands terranes. There is no evidence that the Great Glen fault was a terrane boundary, and strike-slip shearing post-dated emplacement of Silurian – Early Devonian granites. Late orogenic alkaline granites (c. 430–405 Ma) in both Moine and Dalradian terranes are not associated with subduction. They are instead closely related to regional alkaline appinite–lamprophyric magmatism resulting from simultaneous melting of lower crust and enriched lithospheric mantle. Caledonian deformation and metamorphism in northern Scotland, with continuous SE-directed subduction, show geometry and time scales that are comparable to the Cenozoic India–Kohistan arc–Asia collisional Himalayan orogeny.

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Alanazi, Maha, Ahmad Mahfouz, and Abdulfattah Omar. "Exploring Sir Walter Scott's Notions of Scottish Identity in the Context of Brexit and Scottish Independence." World Journal of English Language 13, no. 7 (August 16, 2023): 444. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v13n7p444.

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Numerous studies have investigated the concept of the nation and Scottish identity in the prose fiction of Sir Walter Scott. These studies have traditionally highlighted Scott’s role in reshaping public perceptions of the Scottish Highlands, their culture, and the suffering of the Highlanders under the British Empire, through his detailed knowledge of Scottish history and culture. However, it is essential to reconsider this issue in light of recent historical and political developments in Scotland after Brexit and the calls for independence by various Scottish thinkers, writers, and political leaders, aiming to join the European Union. This study revisits Scott’s concept of the Scottish nation and identity in his two texts, “The Highland Widow” and “The Two Drovers”. The findings suggest that the nationalist sentiment in Scott's writings is relevant to the social and political changes occurring in Scotland, Europe, and globally. It can be argued that much of the contemporary discourse on Scottish independence can be traced back to Scott's works, indicating a recurring historical pattern. Scott expressed concern for the loss of Scottish national identity and the right of self-determination. His texts vividly demonstrate the interconnection of past and present events, embodying both historical and contemporary perspectives.

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Gust, Onni. "Remembering and Forgetting the Scottish Highlands: Sir James Mackintosh and the Forging of a British Imperial Identity." Journal of British Studies 52, no. 3 (July 2013): 615–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2013.114.

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AbstractThis article explores the formation of British imperial identity through a focus on the career of Sir James Mackintosh (1765–1832), a well-known Whig intellectual and imperial careerist who originally hailed from the Highlands of Scotland. Using Mackintosh's unpublished letters and autobiography, the article shows how he imagined and narrated his relationship to the Scottish Highlands from the vantage points of Bombay and London. In contrast to recent historiography that has focused on the translation of Scottish society, culture, and identity in British imperial spaces, this article argues that disidentification from the Highlands of Scotland and the erasure of different peoples, cultures, and textures of life was integral to Mackintosh's configuration of a British imperial identity.

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Morgan, Graham. "Why people are often reluctant to see a psychiatrist." Psychiatric Bulletin 30, no. 9 (September 2006): 346–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.30.9.346.

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The Highland Users Group (HUG) is a collective advocacy group run through 13 branches spread throughout the Scottish Highlands. It has over 360 members and has two tasks: (a) to speak out about the lives of its members in order to press for changes to improve their lives and (b) to raise awareness of mental ill health in an attempt to challenge the stigma and discrimination that users face. Our work has been recognised as being of a consistently high quality, both locally and nationally within Scotland.

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Kennedy, Allan. "Managing the Early Modern Periphery: Highland Policy and the Highland Judicial Commission, c. 1692–c. 1705." Scottish Historical Review 96, no. 1 (April 2017): 32–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/shr.2017.0313.

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Current understanding of Williamite Scotland tends to emphasise a few familiar themes, especially Jacobitism, famine and the Darien scheme. This provides an opaque and arguably skewed view of the period and nowhere is that clearer than in Highland policy, where historiographical focus on the Jacobite rising and the massacre of Glencoe has come at the expense of a fuller understanding of how William's government responded to the perennial ‘Highland problem’. This article attempts to tackle that gap through analysis of Williamite Highland policy after 1692, with a particular emphasis on its major initiative, the Highland Judicial Commission of 1694. Reconstructing the development, structure, workings and intellectual underpinnings of the commission, both on its own terms and in comparison to the earlier commission of the 1680s upon which it was based, it is argued that William's government emerged as a more authoritarian, domineering presence in the Highlands than its immediate predecessors. This, in turn, has broader implications, not just in terms of questioning recent revisionism about the Williamite regime in Scotland, but also about the nature of peripheral control and state formation in the early modern period.

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TENNANT, D. J., and T. C. G. RICH. "DISTRIBUTION MAPS AND IUCN THREAT CATEGORIES FOR HIERACIUM SECTION ALPINA (ASTERACEAE ) IN BRITAIN." Edinburgh Journal of Botany 59, no. 3 (November 2002): 351–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960428602000215.

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Distribution maps and IUCN threat categories for the 30 named species of Hieracium section Alpina (Asteraceae) in Britain are given, based on taxonomic and distribution studies by D.J. Tennant and others over the last 30 years. Twenty-seven taxa are endemic to Scotland, one to England, one to Britain and one also occurs in mainland Europe and the Arctic. There are three main centres of diversity in Scotland: the Eastern Highlands (especially the Cairngorm Mountains), the Western Highlands and the Northern Highlands. Under the IUCN threat categories, seven taxa are Critically Endangered, seven are Endangered, two are Vulnerable, ten are Near Threatened and seven are Nationally Scarce. The main threats are collecting, natural events such as rock falls and avalanches, global warming, acid rain, over-grazing and tourism. There is particular concern for the long-term survival of four taxa.

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McCullough, Katie Louise. "Resolving the ‘Highland Problem’: The Highlands and Islands of Scotland and the European Union." Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 33, no. 4 (June 2018): 421–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269094218779516.

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Popular perception has historically constructed the Highlands and Islands of Scotland to be economically and socially backwards in comparison with the rest of the United Kingdom. As evoked in the phrase the ‘Highland Problem’, the area has been considered by outsiders to be beyond help and destined to remain in a state of underdevelopment and chronic depopulation. Despite the history of economic intervention in the area from the late 18th century onwards from private and government initiatives intended to alleviate poverty and bring wealth to the area, it was not until the 1980s with the implementation of sustained and tailored structural assistance from the European Union that emigration slowed and the population of the Highlands and Islands began to grow significantly. This economic success has largely been the result of not only a significant injection of capital but also the willingness of the EU to use local knowledge and collaborate with local agencies. This remarkable development, which is far from over, is being directly threatened by the Brexit phenomenon.

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McGill, Martha. "The Evolution of Haunted Space in Scotland." Gothic Studies 24, no. 1 (March 2022): 18–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/gothic.2022.0118.

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This article explores the popularisation of the concept of haunted space in late eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Scotland. While earlier ghost stories were usually about the haunting of people, the rise of Gothic and Romantic literary aesthetics fuelled a new interest in both the Scottish landscape, and the dramatic potential of lurking spectres. Amid the upheaval of industrialisation and the Highland Clearances, and in a period when Scots were still wrestling with the implications of the 1707 Union, authors recorded stories of wandering ghosts as part of a broader movement to fashion a distinctive identity rooted in a specific cultural context. Against the frequently broad scope of academic literature on spectrality, this article draws attention to the crucial significance of contextual nuances and specific historical and social circumstances. In particular, it points to the fraught politics of loss and repossession in relation to the Highlands’ history of depopulation and modernisation, casting a fresh light on the historical events that have given shape to Scottish haunted space.

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Brochard, Thomas. "Intellectual and Practical Education and its Patronage in the Northern Highlands in the Century after the Reformation." Northern Scotland 12, no. 2 (November 2021): 174–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/nor.2021.0248.

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This two-part article presents a holistic approach and a comprehensive background to intellectual and practical education in the northern Highlands before the SSPCK. It underlines the way in which intellectual and technical education was experienced, consumed, but also encouraged in one culturally heterodox part of Scotland, essentially the northern Highlands, with its population of Gaels and non-Gaels, from around the Reformation until the mid-seventeenth century. The first part will investigate education through the institutional system of schools and universities as well as education abroad and the patronage of education. It demonstrates that a number of northern Highlanders fully embraced the educational opportunities presented to them by the Crown and by local agencies. As a result, State formation and the integration of the region gradually unfolded through soft power and the shaping of minds. Northern Highlanders, mainly but not solely the clan elite, exploited the educational developments of the time and fully participated in and supported the broader dynamic of education and culture but at times balked at funding it. The education in the northern Highlands presented in this article thus appears much more in flux and less antagonistic between the area and the educational structure developed by the Crown.

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Oldroyd, David. "Sir Archibald Geikie (1835-1924) and the "Highlands Controversy": New Archival Sources for the History of British Geology in the Nineteenth Century." Earth Sciences History 15, no. 2 (January 1, 1996): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.15.2.k64075116m370702.

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With the help of new archival material relating to Archibald Geikie, discovered fairly recently at the Haslemere Educational Museum, some revisions are offered to my account of the "Highlands Controversy" (relating to the structure of the Northwest Highlands of Scotland), published in 1990.1 Also further light is thrown on the so-called "Archaean Controversy," especially with regard to the debates about the rocks at St. David's, Pembrokeshire. It is shown that Geikie did visit the north coast of Scotland before 1884, but made no observations there that had a bearing on the Highlands Controversy. He was, however, well prepared for a change of mind before he actually examined the rocks at Loch Eriboll in 1884. It appears that Geikie's chief "bête noire" was the petrologist Thomas Bonney, and to a lesser extent Charles Callaway. Some new information about Edward Greenly is revealed, and also the procedures of the Wharton Committee which looked into the affairs of the Survey in 1900, and led to Geikie's retirement.

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Hamilton, Christine, and Adrienne Scullion. "‘Picture It If Yous Will’: Theatre and Theatregoing in Rural Scotland." New Theatre Quarterly 21, no. 1 (January 26, 2005): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x0400034x.

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In the following article, Christine Hamilton and Adrienne Scullion review the system of theatre provision and production that exists in the rural areas of Scotland, most especially in the Highlands and Islands, assessing the policy framework that exists in the nation as a whole and in the Highlands and Islands in particular. They highlight the role and responsibilities of volunteers within the distribution of professional theatre in Scotland, challenge the response of locally based theatre-makers and nationally responsible agencies to represent rural Scotland, and raise issues fundamental to the provision of culture nationally. In doing so, they question what we expect theatre policy to deliver in rural areas, and what we expect rural agents to contribute to theatre provision and policy. Finally, they suggest that, in the system of rural arts in Scotland, there are wider lessons for the development of arts in and the arts of other sparsely populated and fragile communities. Christine Hamilton is the director and Adrienne Scullion the academic director of the Centre for Cultural Policy Research at the University of Glasgow, where Adrienne teaches in the Department of Theatre, Film, and Television Studies.

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Wilberforce, Peter. "Hymenoscyphus infarciens from the West Highlands of Scotland." Mycologist 12, no. 3 (August 1998): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0269-915x(98)80004-9.

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Clutton-Brock, T. H., T. Coulson, and J. M. Milner. "Red deer stocks in the Highlands of Scotland." Nature 429, no. 6989 (May 2004): 261–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/429261a.

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Crombie, I. K. "Suicide among men in the highlands of Scotland." BMJ 302, no. 6779 (March 30, 1991): 761–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.302.6779.761.

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Douglas, J. D. M. "Suicide among men in the highlands of Scotland." BMJ 302, no. 6783 (April 27, 1991): 1019–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.302.6783.1019-c.

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Darragh, P. M. "Suicide among men in the highlands of Scotland." BMJ 302, no. 6783 (April 27, 1991): 1020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.302.6783.1020.

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Crombie, I. K. "Suicide among men in the highlands of Scotland." BMJ 302, no. 6785 (May 11, 1991): 1148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.302.6785.1148-a.

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de Lima, Philomena, and Sharon Wright. "Welcoming Migrants? Migrant Labour in Rural Scotland." Social Policy and Society 8, no. 3 (July 2009): 391–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746409004941.

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For a decade, Scotland has had a declining natural population, dispersed throughout a diverse geography, including remote highlands and islands, which presents a policy making context that is very different from other parts of the UK. Rural Scotland accounts for 95% of Scotland's landmass and only 18% of the population (Scottish Government 2008). In particular, the familiar challenges, presented by the combination of population ageing with below-replacement level fertility rates, have, until 2007, been reinforced by the extent of out-migration amongst people of working age. Evidence suggests that following EU enlargement in 2004, rural areas have experienced an influx of labour migrants from Central and Eastern European countries on an unprecedented scale. Whilst such large-scale migration into rural communities has provided a major challenge for public service provision and ‘social integration’, it has also addressed local labour market shortages and created opportunities for regeneration. This article explores critical questions about the role and impact of migrant labour in rural communities in Scotland and the role of agencies in addressing the needs of all rural residents.

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Dziennik, Matthew. "‘Armailt làidir de mhilìsidh’: Hanoverian Gaels and the Jacobite Rebellion of 1745." Scottish Historical Review 100, no. 2 (August 2021): 171–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/shr.2021.0514.

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In 1745–6, thousands of troops were raised in the Highlands and Islands in support of the house of Hanover. Often neglected due to the intense focus on Highland Jacobitism, these Gaels were instrumental in the defeat of the Jacobites. The study of pro-Hanoverian forces in the Gàidhealtachd tells us much not only about the military history of the 1745 rebellion but also about the nature of the whig regime in Scotland. In contrast to the ideological frameworks increasingly used to make sense of the Jacobite period, this article argues that pragmatic negotiations between the central government and the whig clans helped mobilise and empower regional responses to the rebellion. Exploiting the government's need for Gaelic allies in late 1745, Highland leaders, officers, and enlisted men used military service to shore up a nexus of political, financial and security imperatives. By examining the recruitment and service of anti-Jacobite Gaels, this article shows that—even in the epicentre of the rebellion—the Hanoverian state possessed important structural strengths that enabled it to confront the threat of armed insurrection. In so doing, the article reveals the political and fiscal-military networks that sustained whig control in Scotland.

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Mullen, Stephen. "John Lamont of Benmore: A Highland Planter who Died ‘in harness’ in Trinidad." Northern Scotland 9, no. 1 (May 2018): 44–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/nor.2018.0144.

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This article traces the rise of John Lamont, a Highland planter in nineteenth-century Trinidad. The island was subsumed into the British Empire in 1802, the third wave of colonization in the British West Indies and just thirty-two years before slavery was abolished. Many Scots travelled in search of wealth and this article reveals how one West India fortune was accumulated and repatriated to Scotland. John Lamont travelled from Argyll in the early 1800s, eventually becoming part of the Trinidad's plantocracy class and recipient of a major sum of compensation on the emancipation of slavery in 1834. Unlike many other Scots in the British West Indies, however, Lamont remained in situ in the post-emancipation period and was thus an exception to the sojourning mindset identified in previous studies. Lamont's status as an ‘every-day planter’ undoubtedly contributed to his major fortune which, despite his residency in the colonies, was dispersed in the lower Highlands of Scotland amongst his paternal family, the Lamonts of Knockdow. The article also surveys modern representations of John Lamont: a Highland planter who, in his own words, achieved his wish to die ‘in harness’ in Trinidad.

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Breeze, David J. "Why did the Romans fail to conquer Scotland?" Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 118 (November 30, 1989): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/psas.118.3.22.

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Examines five possible reasons ranging from the character of the Highlands and its people to problems elsewhere in the empire, and concludes that a balance of imperial politics and the local situation explains the failure to conquer Scotland. A R

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E. Randall, James. "Thematic Section: Papers from the Excellence Network of Island Territories (RETI) meetings, Orkney, Scotland, June 2015." Island Studies Journal 11, no. 1 (2016): 131–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24043/isj.338.

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This guest editorial introduces the thematic section of papers, earlier drafts of which had been presented at the RETI meetings held at Orkney College, University of the Highlands and Islands, Scotland, in June 2015.

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Ringrose, P. S., P. Hancock, C. Fenton, and C. A. Davenport. "Quaternary tectonic activity in Scotland." Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications 7, no. 1 (1991): 679–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.eng.1991.007.01.69.

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AbstractThe main features of seven faults inferred to have been active during the Quaternary in Scotland are summarized and their significance in terms of possible tectonic explanations is discussed. One fault in Glen Roy (Central Highlands) is described in detail and evidence is presented for changing stress fields inferred from modes of strain release. Quaternary tectonic activity is interpreted as being dominated by regional effects involving left-lateral simple shear in a NNW direction and some uplift. Stresses associated with ice-load flexure are thought to have played an important role in triggering fault rupture.

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Lynes, Mark. "Alchemilla sciura (Rosaceae), a new species of Lady’s-mantle." British & Irish Botany 1, no. 4 (December 14, 2019): 335–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33928/bib.2019.01.335.

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The new species Alchemilla sciura (Rosaceae) is described from the Highlands of Scotland. A. sciura belongs to the series Vulgares Buser, subseries subglabrae H.Lindberg. It is known with certainty only from the slopes of The Cairnwell (v.c.90).

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Loughlin, Clare. "Concepts of Mission in Scottish Presbyterianism: The SSPCK, the Highlands and Britain's American Colonies, 1709–40." Studies in Church History 54 (May 14, 2018): 190–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/stc.2017.12.

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This article examines the Society in Scotland for Propagating Christian Knowledge (SSPCK) and its missions in the Highlands and Britain's American colonies. Constituted in 1709 and operating as an auxiliary arm of the Church of Scotland, the SSPCK aimed to extend Christianity in ‘Popish and Infidel parts of the world’. It founded numerous Highland charity schools, and from 1729 sponsored missions to Native Americans in New England and Georgia. Missions were increasingly important in British overseas expansion; consequently, historians have viewed the society as a civilizing agency, which deployed religious instruction to assimilate ‘savage’ heathens into the fold of Britain's empire. This article suggests that the SSPCK was equally concerned with Christianization: missionaries focused on spiritual edification for the salvation of souls, indicating a disjuncture between the society's objectives and the priorities of imperial expansion. It also challenges the parity assumed by historians between the SSPCK's domestic and foreign missions, arguing that the society increasingly prioritized colonial endeavours in an attempt to recover providential favour. In doing so, it sheds new light on Scottish ideas of mission during the first half of the eighteenth century, and reassesses the Scottish Church's role in Britain's emerging empire.

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Thomas, Ben. "The Importance of Being a Reservist: The Royal Navy Reserve and the Highlands and Islands, c.1875–1939." Scottish Historical Review 97, no. 2 (October 2018): 187–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/shr.2018.0364.

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In 1894, two-fifths of the men who served in the Royal Naval Reserves (RNR) were drawn from the Highlands and Islands of Scotland, despite the region containing only 0.5% of the total UK population. This was not an atypical spike in recruitment, however, but represents merely one moment in a relationship that lasted for nearly a century. Highlanders and Islanders had served in the RNR since its inception in 1859, and continued to do so in large numbers right up to the outbreak of war in 1939. This article explores the association between region and military institution that developed as a result, and the economic and social reasons that lay behind this. In doing so, it challenges the tendency for Scottish historians to focus overwhelmingly on questions of national identity when examining the British military. It also suggests that the historiography of the Highlands and Islands has focused too much on questions of land and land ownership, and not enough on the wider economic and social circumstances impacting on individual and community life across the region.

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Brown, A. F., and R. A. Stillman. "Bird-Habitat Associations in the Eastern Highlands of Scotland." Journal of Applied Ecology 30, no. 1 (1993): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2404268.

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McCrone, David, and John B. Stephenson. "Ford: A Village in the West Highlands of Scotland." Contemporary Sociology 15, no. 3 (May 1986): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2070007.

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Arrowsmith, Sheila. "Sexual training needs assessment in the Highlands of Scotland." Sexual and Marital Therapy 13, no. 4 (November 1998): 405–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02674659808404258.

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Freir, V., K. Kirkwood, D. Peck, S. Robertson, L. Scott-Lodge, and S. Zeffert. "Telemedicine for clinical psychology in the Highlands of Scotland." Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 5, no. 3 (July 6, 1999): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/1357633991933567.

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Begg, Hugh M., Peter Tyler, Colin Warnock, and John Watt. "Business Enterprise in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland." Evaluation 4, no. 4 (October 1998): 410–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13563899822208707.

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Goatman, Paul. "Introduction: New Perspectives on John Ogilvie’s Martyrdom, the Society of Jesus, and Scottish Catholicism during the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries." Journal of Jesuit Studies 7, no. 1 (January 7, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22141332-00701001.

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The Society of Jesus’s mission in Scotland lasted from 1581 until the papal suppression of 1773, yet the Jesuits’ impact on religious life there during this period remains an underexplored aspect of Scotland’s early modern history. The articles in this special issue offer fresh perspectives on the mission, with particular attention paid to one of its most dramatic and controversial events—the trial and execution of John Ogilvie for treason in Glasgow during the autumn and winter of 1614–15. Fresh insights are provided here on Ogilvie’s martyrdom from the perspective of local and international politics and Jesuit theology. The familiar theme of the Jesuits’ attempted conversion of James vi and i is also revisited, and new research is presented on Catholicism in seventeenth-century Scotland in articles about the Jesuits’ work in the Highlands and their appeal to the memory of the medieval Queen Saint Margaret. Overall, this issue attests to historians’ enduring fascination with John Ogilvie’s martyrdom and what it can teach us about religion, politics and society in early modern Scotland, and the potential of the Jesuits’ activities there as a rich field for future research.

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Robertson, Iain. "Governing the Highlands: The Place of Popular Protest in the Highlands of Scotland after 1918." Rural History 8, no. 1 (April 1997): 109–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793300001151.

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This paper seeks to explore the relationship between agencies of government and crofting tenantry in the Highlands of Scotland, as manifested in events of popular protest after 1914. These events seem to have received little attention when compared to disturbance of earlier periods, which have been extensively documented, and the period after 1918 in particular has been under represented in the literature. Furthermore the actions of agencies of government were significantly different in this later period. Where before the Great War government actions were wholly reactive, this paper will demonstrate that during the war and after, the Board of Agriculture made significant attempts to be proactive in the face of incipient protest. Yet, conflict, and the resultant acts of protest, continued to be a characteristic element of social relations in the Highlands in the post-war period. This paper seeks to show that whilst the actions of the land-working population were of central significance, this conflict was not solely between the tenantry and landowners or agencies of government but was also within those various groupings. Consequently, it is argued that protest attests to a complex nexus of conflict on both regional and national levels.

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Nilsen, Erlend B., E. J. Milner-Gulland, Lee Schofield, Atle Mysterud, Nils Chr Stenseth, and Tim Coulson. "Wolf reintroduction to Scotland: public attitudes and consequences for red deer management." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 274, no. 1612 (January 30, 2007): 995–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2006.0369.

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Reintroductions are important tools for the conservation of individual species, but recently more attention has been paid to the restoration of ecosystem function, and to the importance of carrying out a full risk assessment prior to any reintroduction programme. In much of the Highlands of Scotland, wolves ( Canis lupus ) were eradicated by 1769, but there are currently proposals for them to be reintroduced. Their main wild prey if reintroduced would be red deer ( Cervus elaphus ). Red deer are themselves a contentious component of the Scottish landscape. They support a trophy hunting industry but are thought to be close to carrying capacity, and are believed to have a considerable economic and ecological impact. High deer densities hamper attempts to reforest, reduce bird densities and compete with livestock for grazing. Here, we examine the probable consequences for the red deer population of reintroducing wolves into the Scottish Highlands using a structured Markov predator–prey model. Our simulations suggest that reintroducing wolves is likely to generate conservation benefits by lowering deer densities. It would also free deer estates from the financial burden of costly hind culls, which are required in order to achieve the Deer Commission for Scotland's target deer densities. However, a reintroduced wolf population would also carry costs, particularly through increased livestock mortality. We investigated perceptions of the costs and benefits of wolf reintroductions among rural and urban communities in Scotland and found that the public are generally positive to the idea. Farmers hold more negative attitudes, but far less negative than the organizations that represent them.

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Seal, D. T. "Forestry Research in the British Uplands." Outlook on Agriculture 15, no. 2 (June 1986): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072708601500208.

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Most British forests stand in the uplands of Scotland, Northern England, and Wales. ‘Uplands' is a broad rather than precise term for the extensive areas of Britain where land is generally above 200 m and thus includes the Highlands and Southern Uplands of Scotland, the northern Pennines and Yorkshire Moors in England, and the Cambrian Mountains which extend over most of Wales. The forests in these areas comprise about 80 percent of the 2 million hectares of productive forest in Britain.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Scotland – Highlands'

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