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Journal articles on the topic 'Scolecophidia'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

Last updated: 7 September 2023

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1

Matsubara, Kazumi, Yoshinori Kumazawa, Hidetoshi Ota, Chizuko Nishida, and Yoichi Matsuda. "Karyotype Analysis of Four Blind Snake Species (Reptilia: Squamata: Scolecophidia) and Karyotypic Changes in Serpentes." Cytogenetic and Genome Research 157, no. 1-2 (2019): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000496554.

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The suborder Serpentes is divided into 2 infraorders, Scolecophidia and Alethinophidia, which diverged at an early stage of snake diversification. In this study, we examined karyotypes of 4 scolecophidian species (Letheobia simonii, Xerotyphlops vermicularis, Indotyphlops braminus, and Myriopholis macrorhyncha) and performed FISH with 18S-28S rDNA as well as microchromosomal and Z chromosome-linked genes of Elaphe quadrivirgata (Alethinophidia) to investigate the karyotype evolution in the scolecophidian lineage. Diploid chromosome numbers of X. vermicularis and L. simonii were 30 (16 macrochromosomes and 14 microchromosomes) and 32 (16 macrochromosomes and 16 microchromosomes), respectively. The karyotype of a female M. macrorhyncha consisted of 15 macrochromosomes and 19 microchromosomes, including a heterochromatic microchromosome, indicating the presence of a heteromorphic chromosome pair. E. quadrivirgata Z-linked genes mapped to chromosome 4 of M. macrorhyncha, not to the heteromorphic pair. Therefore, M. macrorhyncha may have differentiated ZW sex chromosomes which are not homologous to those of E. quadrivirgata. One of the E. quadrivirgata microchromosomal genes mapped to the terminal region of chromosome 4q in X. vermicularis, suggesting that fusions between microchromosomes and macrochromosomes occurred in this species. rDNA was localized in different macrochromosomal pairs in the 2 diploid scolecophidian snakes examined here, whereas the gene location in a microchromosomal pair was conserved in 5 alethinophidian species examined. These results might imply the occurrence of chromosome fusions in the scolecophidian lineages. In I. braminus, a unique parthenogenetic snake with a triploid karyotype (21 macrochromosomes and 21 microchromosomes), morphological heteromorphisms were identified in chromosomes 1 and 7. Such heteromorphisms in 2 chromosomes were also observed in individuals from distant locations in the broad distribution range of this species, suggesting that the heteromorphisms were fixed in the genome at an early stage of its speciation.

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2

Szyndlar, Z. "Fauna de ofidios (Reptilia, Serpentes) del yacimiento finimioceno de Algora (España)." Estudios Geológicos 41, no. 5-6 (December 30, 1985): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/egeol.85415-6725.

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Se estudian los restos de ofidios del Mioceno terminal (MN 13) de Algora (Guadalajara, España). Se han detectado las siguientes formas, Scolecophidia indet., Elaphe algorensis sp. nov. e Hispanophis coronelloideus gen. sp, nov. (Colubridae), Naja iberica sp. nov. (Elapidae), y Viperidae indet. Esta asociación faunística no es comparable a las restantes faunas de ofidios conocidas de otras localidades europeas, e incluye tanto formas endémicas (Colubridae), como especies evolutivamente emparentadas con formas norteafricanas (Naja iberica sp. nov., quizás también las víboras).

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3

Pinto, Roberta R., Angele R. Martins, Felipe Curcio, and Luciana de O. Ramos. "Osteology and Cartilaginous Elements ofTrilepida salgueiroi(Amaral, 1954) (Scolecophidia: Leptotyphlopidae)." Anatomical Record 298, no. 10 (July 21, 2015): 1722–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.23191.

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4

Domínguez, Michel, and Raúl E. Díaz. "Resurrection and Redescription of theTyphlops silusLegler, 1959 from Cuba (Scolecophidia, Typhlopidae)." Journal of Herpetology 49, no. 2 (June 2015): 325–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1670/13-107.

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5

Parpinelli, Lilian, and Otavio A. V. Marques. "Reproductive Biology and Food Habits of the BlindsnakeLiotyphlops beui(Scolecophidia: Anomalepididae)." South American Journal of Herpetology 10, no. 3 (December 2015): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2994/sajh-d-15-00013.1.

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6

Miralles, Aurélien, Julie Marin, Damien Markus, Anthony Herrel, S. Blair Hedges, and Nicolas Vidal. "Molecular evidence for the paraphyly of Scolecophidia and its evolutionary implications." Journal of Evolutionary Biology 31, no. 12 (October 1, 2018): 1782–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jeb.13373.

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7

Graboski, Roberta, Juan C. Arredondo, Felipe G. Grazziotin, Ariane A. A. da Silva, Ana L. C. Prudente, Miguel T. Rodrigues, Sandro L. Bonatto, and Hussam Zaher. "Molecular phylogeny and hemipenial diversity of South American species ofAmerotyphlops(Typhlopidae, Scolecophidia)." Zoologica Scripta 48, no. 2 (December 25, 2018): 139–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12334.

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8

Shea, Glenn M. "Waite’s blind snakes (Squamata: Scolecophidia: Typhlopidae): identification of sources and correction or errors." Records of the Australian Museum 51, no. 1 (June 7, 1999): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.51.1999.1294.

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9

Branch, W. R. "Hemipenial Morphology of African Snakes: A Taxonomic Review. Part 1. Scolecophidia and Boidae." Journal of Herpetology 20, no. 3 (September 1986): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1564495.

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10

Rieppel, Olivier, Nathan J. Kley, and Jessica Anderson Maisano. "Morphology of the skull of the white-nosed blindsnake,Liotyphlops albirostris(Scolecophidia: Anomalepididae)." Journal of Morphology 270, no. 5 (May 2009): 536–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.10703.

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11

DOMÍNGUEZ, MICHEL, and LUIS V. MORENO. "Taxonomy of the Cuban blind snakes (Scolecophidia, Typhlopidae), with the description of a new large species." Zootaxa 2028, no. 1 (March 6, 2009): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2028.1.6.

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Typhlops golyathi sp. nov. is described from Pinar del Río Province, Western Cuba. It is characterized by its large size, sharp–pointed to rounded snout, broad rostral in dorsal view, broader than long, preocular in contact with second and third supralabials, greater number of middorsal scales than any other West Indian scolecophidian (629), and 26 longitudinal scale rows anteriorly reducing to 22 posteriorly at 42 % total length. It can be placed within the T. biminiensis species group and a key to the Cuban species is presented.

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12

Ellis, Ryan J. "A New Species of Blindsnake (Scolecophidia: Typhlopidae:Anilios) from the Kimberley Region of Western Australia." Herpetologica 72, no. 3 (September 2016): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1655/herpetologica-d-16-00007.1.

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13

SHEA, GLENN M. "A new species of Anilios (Scolecophidia: Typhlopidae) from Central Australia." Zootaxa 4033, no. 1 (October 21, 2015): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4033.1.5.

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14

PYRON, ROBERT ALEXANDER, and VAN WALLACH. "Systematics of the blindsnakes (Serpentes: Scolecophidia: Typhlopoidea) based on molecular and morphological evidence." Zootaxa 3829, no. 1 (July 8, 2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3829.1.1.

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15

Kley, Nathan J. "Morphology of the lower jaw and suspensorium in the Texas blindsnake,Leptotyphlops dulcis (Scolecophidia: Leptotyphlopidae)." Journal of Morphology 267, no. 4 (2006): 494–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.10414.

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16

Mezzasalma, Marcello, Franco Andreone, Frank Glaw, Agnese Petraccioli, Gaetano Odierna, and Fabio Maria Guarino. "A karyological study of three typhlopid species with some inferences on chromosome evolution in blindsnakes (Scolecophidia)." Zoologischer Anzeiger - A Journal of Comparative Zoology 264 (September 2016): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2016.07.001.

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17

Mead, Jim I. "Scolecophidia (Serpentes) of the Late Oligocene and Early Miocene, North America, and a fossil history overview." Geobios 46, no. 3 (May 2013): 225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2012.10.016.

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18

Khouri, Rebeca S., Selma M. Almeida‐Santos, and Daniel S. Fernandes. "Anatomy of the reproductive system of a population of Amerotyphlops brongersmianus from southeastern Brazil (Serpentes: Scolecophidia)." Anatomical Record 303, no. 9 (February 8, 2020): 2485–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.24382.

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19

Domínguez, Michel, and Raúl E. Díaz. "Taxonomy of the Blind Snakes Associated withTyphlops lumbricalis(Linnaeus, 1758) (Scolecophidia, Typhlopidae) from the Bahamas Islands and Cuba." Herpetologica 67, no. 2 (June 2011): 194–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1655/herpetologica-d-10-00024.1.

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20

Martins, Angele, Manuella Folly, Guilherme Nunes Ferreira, Antônio Samuel Garcia da Silva, Claudia Koch, Antoine Fouquet, Alessandra Machado, et al. "An evolutionary paradox on threadsnakes: Phenotypic and molecular evidence reveal a new and remarkably polymorphic species of Siagonodon (Serpentes: Leptotyphlopidae: Epictinae) from Amazonia." Vertebrate Zoology 73 (April 10, 2023): 345–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.73.e98170.

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Threadsnakes are known for their conserved external morphology and historically controversial systematics, challenging taxonomic, biogeographic and evolutionary researches in these fields. Recent morphological studies—mostly based on µCT data of the skull and lower jaw—have resolved systematic issues within the group, for instance leading to the description of new taxa or re-positioning little-known scolecophidian taxa in the tree of life. Herein we describe a new polymorphic species of the genus Siagonodon from Amazonia based on morphological (external, osteology and hemipenis) and molecular data, and provide the first hemipenial description for the genus. We also reassign Siagonodon acutirostris to the genus Trilepida based on osteological data in combination with molecular evidence. The new species described represents an evolutionary paradox for scolecophidians because the species displays a remarkable variation in the shape of the snout region that is otherwise always highly conserved in this clade. Finally, this study reinforces the importance of protected areas as essential in maintaining vertebrate populations, including those that are not yet formally described.

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21

Loebmann, Daniel. "Reptilia, Squamata, Serpentes, Scolecophidia, Anomalepididae, Liotyphlops cf. ternetzii (Boulenger, 1896): first family record for the state of Ceará, Brazil." Check List 5, no. 2 (May 1, 2009): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/5.2.249.

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22

Wallach, Van, and Richard Gemel. "Discovery of two rare specimens of Ramphotyphlops (Serpentes: Scolecophidia: Typhlopidae) in the collection of the Naturhistorisches Museum Wien." Russian Journal of Herpetology 26, no. 1 (January 22, 2019): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2019-26-1-54-56.

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23

Smith, Paul, Hicks George, and Jean-Paul Brouard. "Trilepida koppesi (Amaral, 1955) (Leptotyphlopidae): First Paraguayan record of the genus and species, with an illustrated key to Paraguayan blind-snakes (Scolecophidia)." Acta Biológica Paranaense 50, no. 1-4 (December 15, 2021): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/abp.v50i1-4.82940.

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24

Vidal, Nicolas, Julie Marin, Marina Morini, Steve Donnellan, William R. Branch, Richard Thomas, Miguel Vences, Addison Wynn, Corinne Cruaud, and S. Blair Hedges. "Blindsnake evolutionary tree reveals long history on Gondwana." Biology Letters 6, no. 4 (March 31, 2010): 558–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.0220.

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Worm-like snakes (scolecophidians) are small, burrowing species with reduced vision. Although largely neglected in vertebrate research, knowledge of their biogeographical history is crucial for evaluating hypotheses of snake origins. We constructed a molecular dataset for scolecophidians with detailed sampling within the largest family, Typhlopidae (blindsnakes). Our results demonstrate that scolecophidians have had a long Gondwanan history, and that their initial diversification followed a vicariant event: the separation of East and West Gondwana approximately 150 Ma. We find that the earliest blindsnake lineages, representing two new families described here, were distributed on the palaeolandmass of India+Madagascar named here as Indigascar. Their later evolution out of Indigascar involved vicariance and several oceanic dispersal events, including a westward transatlantic one, unexpected for burrowing animals. The exceptional diversification of scolecophidians in the Cenozoic was probably linked to a parallel radiation of prey (ants and termites) as well as increased isolation of populations facilitated by their fossorial habits.

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25

ELLIS, RYAN J., PAUL DOUGHTY, STEPHEN C. DONNELLAN, JULIE MARIN, and NICOLAS VIDAL. "Worms in the sand: Systematic revision of the Australian blindsnake Anilios leptosoma (Robb, 1972) species complex (Squamata: Scolecophidia: Typhlopidae) from the Geraldton Sandplain, with description of two new species." Zootaxa 4323, no. 1 (September 20, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4323.1.1.

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The blindsnake genus Anilios (formerly Ramphotyphlops) is the largest and most diverse genus of snakes in Australia with 45 currently recognized species. Recent molecular genetic studies of the genus have identified high levels of cryptic diversity within many taxa, suggesting true species diversity is greatly underestimated. Anilios leptosoma is a slender blindsnake endemic to the mid-west of Western Australia. Although morphological variation has been identified within the species in the past, the systematics and true diversity remained unstudied. Here we use recent molecular data to guide a reappraisal of morphology in order to provide a taxonomic revision of the A. leptosoma species complex. We redescribe A. leptosoma and describe two new species that occur to the south of most of true A. leptosoma’s distribution: A. systenos sp. nov. and A. obtusifrons sp. nov. Anilios systenos sp. nov. is known from the Geraldton region with the furthest record only 100 km to the north-east, a very small range for a species of snake. Anilios obtusifrons sp. nov. has an even smaller distribution, as it is only known from a small coastal area south of Kalbarri and may represent a range-restricted taxa. All species are genetically divergent from each other and can be distinguished by consistent morphological characteristics, including the shape of the snout, the termination point of the rostral cleft and number of mid-body scale rows and ventral scales.

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26

Tavares-Bastos, L., L. D. Cunha, G. R. Colli, and S. N. Báo. "Ultrastructure of spermatozoa of scolecophidian snakes (Lepidosauria, Squamata)." Acta Zoologica 88, no. 3 (April 19, 2007): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6395.2007.00265.x.

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27

NAGY, ZOLTÁN T., ANGELA B. MARION, FRANK GLAW, AURÉLIEN MIRALLES, JOACHIM NOPPER, Miguel VENCES, and S. BLAIR HEDGES. "Molecular systematics and undescribed diversity of Madagascan scolecophidian snakes (Squamata: Serpentes)." Zootaxa 4040, no. 1 (November 10, 2015): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4040.1.3.

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28

Shea, Glenn M. "Spermatogenic Cycle, Sperm Storage, and Sertoli Cell Size in a Scolecophidian (Ramphotyphlops nigrescens) from Australia." Journal of Herpetology 35, no. 1 (March 2001): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1566027.

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29

Palci, Alessandro, Mark N. Hutchinson, Michael W. Caldwell, and Michael S. Y. Lee. "The morphology of the inner ear of squamate reptiles and its bearing on the origin of snakes." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 8 (August 2017): 170685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170685.

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The inner ear morphology of 80 snake and lizard species, representative of a range of ecologies, is here analysed and compared to that of the fossil stem snake Dinilysia patagonica , using three-dimensional geometric morphometrics. Inner ear morphology is linked to phylogeny (we find here a strong phylogenetic signal in the data that can complicate ecological correlations), but also correlated with ecology, with Dinilysia resembling certain semi-fossorial forms ( Xenopeltis and Cylindrophis ), consistent with previous reports. We here also find striking resemblances between Dinilysia and some semi-aquatic snakes, such as Myron (Caenophidia, Homalopsidae). Therefore, the inner ear morphology of Dinilysia is consistent with semi-aquatic as well as semi-fossorial habits: the most similar forms are either semi-fossorial burrowers with a strong affinity to water ( Xenopeltis and Cylindrophis ) or amphibious, intertidal forms which shelter in burrows ( Myron). Notably, Dinilysia does not cluster as closely with snakes with exclusively terrestrial or obligate burrowing habits (e.g. scolecophidians and uropeltids). Moreover, despite the above similarities, Dinilysia also occupies a totally unique morphospace, raising issues with linking it with any particular ecological category.

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30

Wiens, John J., Carl R. Hutter, Daniel G. Mulcahy, Brice P. Noonan, Ted M. Townsend, Jack W. Sites, and Tod W. Reeder. "Resolving the phylogeny of lizards and snakes (Squamata) with extensive sampling of genes and species." Biology Letters 8, no. 6 (September 19, 2012): 1043–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2012.0703.

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Squamate reptiles (lizards and snakes) are one of the most diverse groups of terrestrial vertebrates. Recent molecular analyses have suggested a very different squamate phylogeny relative to morphological hypotheses, but many aspects remain uncertain from molecular data. Here, we analyse higher-level squamate phylogeny with a molecular dataset of unprecedented size, including 161 squamate species for up to 44 nuclear genes each (33 717 base pairs), using both concatenated and species-tree methods for the first time. Our results strongly resolve most squamate relationships and reveal some surprising results. In contrast to most other recent studies, we find that dibamids and gekkotans are together the sister group to all other squamates. Remarkably, we find that the distinctive scolecophidians (blind snakes) are paraphyletic with respect to other snakes, suggesting that snakes were primitively burrowers and subsequently re-invaded surface habitats. Finally, we find that some clades remain poorly supported, despite our extensive data. Our analyses show that weakly supported clades are associated with relatively short branches for which individual genes often show conflicting relationships. These latter results have important implications for all studies that attempt to resolve phylogenies with large-scale phylogenomic datasets.

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Lee, Michael S. Y., and Michael W. Caldwell. "Anatomy and relationships of Pachyrhachis problematicus, a primitive snake with hindlimbs." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 353, no. 1375 (October 29, 1998): 1521–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1998.0308.

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The anatomy of Pachyrhachis problematicus , an elongate, limb–reduced squamate from the Upper Cretaceous of Israel, is described and evaluated in detail. Previously considered a snake–like ‘lizard’ of uncertain affinities, it is here shown to be the most primitive snake, and the sister–group to all other snakes. Pachyrhachis exhibits numerous derived characters uniting it with modern snakes (scolecophidians and alethinophidians): e.g. mobile premaxilla–maxilla articulation, braincase enclosed by frontals and parietals, sagittal parietal crest, absence of tympanic recess, single postdentary bone, over 140 presacral vertebrae, and complete loss of shoulder girdle and forelimb. However, it is more primitive than all modern snakes in retaining some strikingly primitive (lizard–like) features: presence of a jugal, squamosal, normal sacral attachment, and well–developed hindlimb composed of femur, tibia, fibula, and tarsals. Pachyrhachis provides additional support for the hypothesis that snakes are most closely related to Cretaceous marine lizards (mosasauroids). Almost all of the derived characters proposed to unite snakes and mosasauroids are highly developed in Pachyrhachis : the mobile mandibular symphysis, intramandibular joint, long and recurved pterygoid teeth, quadrate suspended by the supratemporal, loosely united pelvic elements (ilium, ischium, and pubis), and separate astragalus and calcaneum.

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32

Martins, Angele, Laryssa Silva, and Rodrigo C. Gonzalez. "Amerotyphlops brongersmianus (Vanzolini, 1976) (Typhlopidae, Serpentes) as a model for scolecophidian ontogenetic shifts of heart topography and relative size." Zoomorphology 139, no. 3 (June 7, 2020): 385–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00435-020-00492-3.

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33

Martins, Angele, Paulo Passos, and Roberta Pinto. "Moving beyond the surface: Comparative head and neck myology of threadsnakes (Epictinae, Leptotyphlopidae, Serpentes), with comments on the ‘scolecophidian’ muscular system." PLOS ONE 14, no. 7 (July 18, 2019): e0219661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219661.

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34

Bauer, Aaron M., van Wallach, and Rainer Günther. "An annotated type catalogue of the scolecophidian, alethinophidian, and macrostomatan snakes in the collection of the Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin." Zoosystematics and Evolution 78, no. 1 (April 22, 2008): 157–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmnz.20020780108.

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35

Bauer, Aaron M., Van Wallach, and Rainer Günther. "An annotated type catalogue of the scolecophidian, alethinophidian, and macrostomatan snakes in the collection of the Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin." Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin. Zoologische Reihe 78, no. 1 (May 15, 2002): 157–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmnz.4850780108.

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36

Gower, David J., James F. Fleming, Davide Pisani, Freek J. Vonk, Harald M. I. Kerkkamp, Leo Peichl, Sonja Meimann, et al. "Eye-Transcriptome and Genome-Wide Sequencing for Scolecophidia: Implications for Inferring the Visual System of the Ancestral Snake." Genome Biology and Evolution 13, no. 12 (November 17, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evab253.

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Abstract Molecular genetic data have recently been incorporated in attempts to reconstruct the ecology of the ancestral snake, though this has been limited by a paucity of data for one of the two main extant snake taxa, the highly fossorial Scolecophidia. Here we present and analyze vision genes from the first eye-transcriptomic and genome-wide data for Scolecophidia, for Anilios bicolor, and A. bituberculatus, respectively. We also present immunohistochemistry data for retinal anatomy and visual opsin-gene expression in Anilios. Analyzed in the context of 19 lepidosaurian genomes and 12 eye transcriptomes, the new genome-wide and transcriptomic data provide evidence for a much more reduced visual system in Anilios than in non-scolecophidian (=alethinophidian) snakes and in lizards. In Anilios, there is no evidence of the presence of 7 of the 12 genes associated with alethinophidian photopic (cone) phototransduction. This indicates extensive gene loss and many of these candidate gene losses occur also in highly fossorial mammals with reduced vision. Although recent phylogenetic studies have found evidence for scolecophidian paraphyly, the loss in Anilios of visual genes that are present in alethinophidians implies that the ancestral snake had a better-developed visual system than is known for any extant scolecophidian.

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37

Peralta, Matias Javier, and Brenda Soledad Ferrero. "First Quaternary fossil record of a blind snake (Scolecophidia, Serpentes) from South America (Argentina)." Historical Biology, August 7, 2023, 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2023.2242369.

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38

Khedkar, Gulab, Chiaki Kambayashi, Hiromasa Tabata, Ikuyo Takemura, Ryuhei Minei, Atsushi Ogura, and Atsushi Kurabayashi. "The draft genome sequence of the Brahminy blindsnake Indotyphlops braminus." Scientific Data 9, no. 1 (July 15, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01530-z.

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AbstractBlindsnakes of infraoder Scolecophidia (order Squamata) are the most basal group of extant snakes, comprising of more than 450 species with ecological and morphological features highly specialized to underground living. The Brahminy blindsnake, Indotyphlops braminus, is the only known obligate parthenogenetic species of snakes. Although the origin of I. braminus is thought to be South Asia, this snake has attracted worldwide attention as an alien species, as it has been introduced to all continents except Antarctica. In this study, we present the first draft genome assembly and annotation of I. braminus. We generated approximately 480 Gbp of sequencing data and produced a draft genome with a total length of 1.86 Gbp and N50 scaffold size of 1.25 Mbp containing 89.3% of orthologs conserved in Sauropsida. We also identified 0.98 Gbp (52.82%) of repetitive genome sequences and a total of 23,560 protein-coding genes. The first draft genome of I. braminus will facilitate further study of snake evolution as well as help to understand the emergence mechanism of parthenogenetic vertebrates.

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Malonza, Patrick K. "A new species of threadsnake in the genus Myriopholis (Squamata: Scolecophidia: Leptotyplophidae) from southeastern Kenya." African Journal of Herpetology, August 4, 2023, 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21564574.2023.2227189.

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Sidharthan, Chinta, Pragyadeep Roy, Surya Narayanan, and K. Praveen Karanth. "A widespread commensal loses its identity: suggested taxonomic revision for Indotyphlops braminus (Scolecophidia: Typhlopidae) based on molecular data." Organisms Diversity & Evolution, August 12, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13127-022-00577-5.

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O'Shea, Mark, Van Wallach, Emma Hsiao, and Hinrich Kaiser. "“Anteaters” under the airport: a slender new species of blindsnake, genus Indotyphlops, from Timor-Leste (Scolecophidia: Typhlopidae: Asiatyphlopinae)." Canadian Journal of Zoology, May 24, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2022-0097.

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Abstract:

We describe a slender immature female blindsnake from the main airport in Dili, Timor-Leste, as a new species of Indotyphlops, adding a third species to the country's known blindsnake fauna of Sundatyphlops polygrammicus (Schlegel, 1839) and Virgotyphlops braminus (Daudin, 1803). The new species has the following combination of characteristics: small size (snout–vent length = 119 mm), slender body (relative body thickness 71), T-V supralabial imbrication pattern, relative rostral width 0.36, 434 middorsal scales, relative tail length 1.7%, absence of enlarged occipital scales, and apical spine absent. The snake was found in an ant nest under several flat rocks near the fuel depot of Nicolau Lobato International Airport, and this habitat and the discovery in a busy location with heavy human impacts indicate that the species is likely a primarily subterranean myrmeco- or termitophage.

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Strong, Catherine R. C., Mark D. Scherz, and Michael W. Caldwell. "Convergence, divergence, and macroevolutionary constraint as revealed by anatomical network analysis of the squamate skull, with an emphasis on snakes." Scientific Reports 12, no. 1 (August 25, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-18649-z.

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AbstractTraditionally considered the earliest-diverging group of snakes, scolecophidians are central to major evolutionary paradigms regarding squamate feeding mechanisms and the ecological origins of snakes. However, quantitative analyses of these phenomena remain scarce. Herein, we therefore assess skull modularity in squamates via anatomical network analysis, focusing on the interplay between ‘microstomy’ (small-gaped feeding), fossoriality, and miniaturization in scolecophidians. Our analyses reveal distinctive patterns of jaw connectivity across purported ‘microstomatans’, thus supporting a more complex scenario of jaw evolution than traditionally portrayed. We also find that fossoriality and miniaturization each define a similar region of topospace (i.e., connectivity-based morphospace), with their combined influence imposing further evolutionary constraint on skull architecture. These results ultimately indicate convergence among scolecophidians, refuting widespread perspectives of these snakes as fundamentally plesiomorphic and morphologically homogeneous. This network-based examination of skull modularity—the first of its kind for snakes, and one of the first to analyze squamates—thus provides key insights into macroevolutionary trends among squamates, with particular implications for snake origins and evolution.

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Palci, Alessandro, Mark N. Hutchinson, Michael W. Caldwell, Krister T. Smith, and Michael S. Y. Lee. "The homologies and evolutionary reduction of the pelvis and hindlimbs in snakes, with the first report of ossified pelvic vestiges in an anomalepidid (Liotyphlops beui)." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, October 6, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz098.

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Abstract We report the first example of ossified pelvic vestiges in an anomalepidid snake, Liotyplophs beui, and provide a review of the diversity of limb and pelvic elements within Serpentes. We trace the evolution, homology and reduction of the pelvic elements and hindlimbs from the oldest known snakes through to living forms. Evolutionary analysis of the pelvic and limb data shows that the most recent common ancestor of all living snakes (Serpentes) most probably retained all three pelvic elements and rudimentary hindlimbs (femoral spurs). Subsequently, there have been multiple losses of ossified pelvic and hindlimb elements and regaining of ossified pelvic elements. Reduction of the pelvis has followed different routes in the two primary groups of living snakes (scolecophidians and alethinophidians). The single remaining rod-like element in some scolecophidians is the ischium, whereas the single remaining rod-like element in many basal alethinophidians is the pubis. Notably, many basal alethinophidians share a distinctive configuration of cloacal spur (claw), femur and a sizeable pubis, which is likely to be related functionally to the widespread use of the hindlimbs in mating and courtship, rather than the usual representation of the bones as non-functional vestiges.

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Bell, Christopher J., Juan D. Daza, Edward L. Stanley, and Rebecca J. Laver. "Unveiling the elusive: X‐rays bring scolecophidian snakes out of the dark." Anatomical Record, September 2, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.24729.

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