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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sclerotial

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Academic literature on the topic 'Sclerotial'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 18 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Sclerotial"

1

Singh, U. P., B. K. Sarma, D. P. Singh, and Amar Bahadur. "Studies on exudate-depleted sclerotial development in Sclerotium rolfsii and the effect of oxalic acid, sclerotial exudate, and culture filtrate on phenolic acid induction in chickpea (Cicer arietinum)." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 48, no. 5 (May 1, 2002): 443–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w02-040.

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Exudate depletion from developing sclerotia of Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. in culture caused reduced size and weight of sclerotia. Germination of exudate-depleted sclerotia was delayed on Cyperus rotundus rhizome meal agar medium when compared with that of control sclerotia. The exudate-depleted sclerotia caused infection in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) plants in a glasshouse. Different temperatures and incubation periods had no effect on the germination ability of the exudate-depleted sclerotia. Oxalic acid, sclerotial exudate, and culture filtrate of S. rolfsii induced the synthesis of phenolic acids, including gallic, ferulic, chlorogenic, and cinnamic acids, as well as salicylic acid, in treated chickpea leaves. Gallic acid content was increased in treated leaves compared with the untreated controls. Maximum induction of gallic acid was seen in both leaves treated with oxalic acid followed by exudate and leaves treated with culture filtrate. Cinnamic and salicylic acids were not induced in exudate-treated leaves. Ethyl acetate fractionation indicated that the sclerotial exudates consisted of gallic, oxalic, ferulic, chlorogenic, and cinnamic acids, whereas the culture filtrate consisted of gallic, oxalic, and cinnamic acids along with many other unidentified compounds.Key words: oxalic acid, phenolic acid, salicylic acid, sclerotial exudate, culture filtrate, Sclerotium rolfsii, sclerotial germination.

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Van_Toor, R. F., J. M. Pay, M. V. Jaspers, and A. Stewart. "Developing tests to determine viability of Ciborinia camelliae (Kohn) sclerotia." New Zealand Plant Protection 53 (August 1, 2000): 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2000.53.3668.

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Two methods were developed to assess the viability of Ciborinia camelliae (Kohn) sclerotia for subsequent use in assays of sclerotial parasitisation In the first method external contaminants were removed by washing the sclerotia twice in 135 NaOCl and soaking them in antibiotics Bisected sclerotia grown on potato dextrose agar for 9 days at 20C produced identifiable colonies of C camelliae In the second method sclerotial softness which is proposed as an indicator of decay was measured The compression energy required to push a 276 mm diameter penetrometer with a force of 40 N into a healthy sclerotium gave an indication of sclerotial softness

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Ayed, Fakher, Hayfa Jabnoun-Khiareddine, Rania Aydi-Ben-Abdallah, and Mejda Daami-Remadi. "Effects of pH and Aeration on Sclerotium rolfsii sacc. Mycelial Growth, Sclerotial Production and Germination." International Journal of Phytopathology 7, no. 3 (December 27, 2018): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/phytopath.007.03.2688.

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Sclerotium rolfsii is one of the devastating soilborne fungus responsible for significant plant losses. The effects of pH and aeration on pathogen mycelial growth, sclerotial production and germination were investigated for three Tunisian isolates. Optimal mycelial growth occurred at pH 6 for Sr2 and Sr3 isolates and at pH 6-7 for Sr1. Dry mycelial growth was optimum at pH values ranging between 4 and 7. Sclerotial initiation started on the 3rd day of incubation at all pH values tested and mature sclerotia were formed after 6 to 12 days. Optimal sclerotial production was noted at pH 5. The dry weight of 100 sclerotia varied depending on isolates and pH and occurred at pH range 4-7. At pH 9, mycelial growth, sclerotial production and dry weight of 100 sclerotia were restricted. The optimum sclerotial germination, noted after 24 h of incubation, varied depending on isolates and pH and occurred at pH 4-9. Mycelial growth was optimum in aerated plates with a significant isolates x aeration treatments interaction. Sclerotial initiation occurred at the 3rd day of incubation and mature sclerotia were observed after 6-9 days. Sclerotial development was very slow in completely sealed plates and dark sclerotia were produced only after 15 days of incubation. The highest sclerotial yields were noted in aerated plates. The highest dry weight of 100 sclerotia for Sr1 isolate was recorded in ½ sealed, no sealed and completely sealed plates, while for Sr2, it was noted in ½ and ⅔ sealed plates. For Sr3, the maximum dry weight of 100 sclerotia was recorded in ½, ⅔ and completely sealed plates. Germination of S. rolfsii sclerotia, after 24 h of incubation, did not vary significantly depending on aeration treatments and ranged from 90 to 100% for all isolates.

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Harel, A., R. Gorovits, and O. Yarden. "Changes in Protein Kinase A Activity Accompany Sclerotial Development in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum." Phytopathology® 95, no. 4 (April 2005): 397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-95-0397.

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Sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum are pigmented, multihyphal structures that play a central role in the life and infection cycles of this pathogen. Sclerotial formation has been shown to be affected by increased intracellular cAMP levels. Cyclic AMP (cAMP) is a key modulator of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) and the latter may prove to play a significant role in sclerotial development. Therefore, we monitored changes in relative PKA activity levels during sclerotial development. To do so, we first developed conditions for near-synchronous sclerotial development in culture, based on hyphal maceration and filtering. Relative PKA activity levels increased during the white-sclerotium stage in the wild-type strain, while low levels were maintained in nonsclerotium-producing mutants. Furthermore, applying caffeine, an inducer of PKA activity, resulted in increased relative PKA activity levels and was correlated with the formation of sclerotial initial-like aggregates in cultures of the non-sclerotium-producing mutants. In addition, low PKA activities were found in an antisense smk1 strain, which exhibits low extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-type mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity, and does not produce sclerotia. The changes in PKA activity, as well as the abundance of phosphorylated MAPKs (ERK-like as well as p38-like) that accompany sclerotial development in a distinct developmental phase manner represent a potential target for antifungal intervention.

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Littley, E. R., and J. E. Rahe. "Sclerotial morphogenesis in Sclerotium cepivorum in vitro." Canadian Journal of Botany 70, no. 4 (April 1, 1992): 772–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b92-098.

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Sclerotial ontogeny, maturation, and aging in Sclerotium cepivorum are described using light and scanning electron microscopy. On potato dextrose agar, the mycelium spread, branching irregularly. Six days after inoculation sclerotial initials appeared, formed by hyphae branching and looping. From 6 to 8 days, the number and size of initials increased, and mucilagenous material appeared. By day 9, hyphal bundles formed in the mycelium. Between 9 and 11 days, spherical forms developed and the sclerotia grew. By day 12, an acellular matrix appeared, and to day 18 this matrix progressively obscured the surface hyphae and became black. A layer of ovoid rind cells developed at the surface. To examine the reduced survival of laboratory-produced compared with field-collected sclerotia, sclerotia from a variety of sources and conditions were compared. In general, the rind of sclerotia aged in dry conditions had a broken, irregular appearance versus fresh sclerotia or sclerotia aged under moist, axenic conditions. Sclerotia aged dry developed 1 to 4 layers of rind cells, while sclerotia kept moist developed only 1 or 2 layers. The structural and survival differences between laboratory-produced and natural sclerotia are attributable to differences in the moisture conditions under which they matured and aged. Key words: Sclerotium cepivorum, white rot, morphogenesis, sclerotia.

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Mila, A. L., and X. B. Yang. "Effects of Fluctuating Soil Temperature and Water Potential on Sclerotia Germination and Apothecial Production of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum." Plant Disease 92, no. 1 (January 2008): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-1-0078.

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The effects of fluctuating soil temperature and water potential on sclerotial germination and apothecial production by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were investigated in growth chamber experiments. In the temperature experiments, temperature fluctuations of 4, 8, 12, and 16°C around a median of 20°C, and a constant of 20°C, were tested. Daily temperature fluctuations of 8°C resulted in highest levels of sclerotial germination and apothecial production. The earliest appearance of apothecia occurred in the 8°C fluctuation treatment, 24 days after the start of the experiment. Sclerotia in the 12°C fluctuation treatment germinated last; its first sclerotium germinated 44 days after experiment initiation. For the soil water potential experiments, constant saturation (approximately –0.001 MPa) and three levels of soil water potential fluctuation from saturation—“low” (–0.03 to –0.04 MPa), “medium” (–0.06 to –0.07 MPa), and “high” (–0.09 to –0.1 MPa)—were tested. Constant saturation yielded the highest number of germinated sclerotia and apothecia. All soil water potential fluctuations were detrimental to sclerotial germination and apothecial production, with sclerotial germination under fluctuating moisture conditions less than a tenth of that occurring under constant saturation. The first sclerotium in the constant saturation treatment germinated in 35 days; however, 76 days were required in the high soil water potential fluctuation treatment.

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Willetts, H. J., Suzanne Bullock, Elizabeth Begg, and N. Matsumoto. "The structure and histochemistry of sclerotia of Typhula incarnata." Canadian Journal of Botany 68, no. 10 (October 1, 1990): 2083–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b90-273.

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The results of a study of the ultrastracture and histochemistry of sclerotia of the psychrophilic snow mold Typhula incarnata indicated some unique features. These included the following: a continuous, pigmented layer external to the rind of the sclerotium; medullary hyphal walls that contained large amounts of β-1,3 glucans; conspicuous fibrils distributed through medullary hyphal walls; the absence of an extensive extracellular matrix characteristic of sclerotia of many mesophilic fangi; large, usually single, phenol-rich bodies in rind cells; and medullary hyphae that either contained several phenol bodies or protein bodies and polyphosphate granules, some of which were contained within protein bodies. These features are compared with those of sclerotia of mesophilic fungi, and their possible significance is discussed. Key words: sclerotia, sclerotial morphology, sclerotial histochemistry, snow mold, Typhula.

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Ayed, Fakher, Hayfa Jabnoun-Khiareddine, Rania Aydi-Ben Abdallah, and Mejda Daami-Remadi. "Effect of Different Carbon and Nitrogen Sources on Sclerotium rolfsii sacc. Mycelial Growth and Sclerotial Development." International Journal of Phytopathology 9, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/phytopath.009.01.3066.

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In vitro studies were conducted on Potato Dextrose Agar using different carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) sources to evaluate their effects on the mycelial growth, and the sclerotial development of three Tunisian Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. isolates. Radial growth was optimum on basal medium supplemented with ammonium chloride (0.48 gram of nitrogen per liter (g of N.L-1)) as N source but was restricted on L-Arginine and completely inhibited on ammonium acetate amended media (0.48 g N.L-1). Sclerotial initiation occurred from the 3rd to the 12th day of incubation for all tested isolates. Potassium nitrate was the most suitable N source for sclerotial formation whereas sclerotial development was completely inhibited on ammonium acetate amended medium. Optimal sclerotial germination was recorded using L-Arginine (78-80%) followed by L-Asparagine (46-94%) and ammonium chloride (46-88%) as N sources. Nevertheless, the lowest sclerotial germination rate was noted on sodium nitrate and ammonium acetate amended media. As for C sources (16 gram of carbon per liter (g of C.L-1)), optimal radial growth occurred using D-mannitol for Sr1 and Sr2 isolates and maltose for Sr3, but no mycelial growth was recorded using sodium citrate for all isolates. All C sources tested, except sodium citrate, were suitable for sclerotial formation, production, and germination. Mature sclerotia became brownish after 6 to 12 days of incubation and sclerotial production was highest using D-mannitol, maltose, and D-glucose, depending on isolates used, as C sources. Optimal germination of sclerotia was noted using D-glucose, D-mannitol and maltose for Sr1 isolate, maltose for Sr2 and D-glucose and maltose for Sr3. It was concluded that N and C sources are both important factors for the growth of S. rolfsii and its survival.

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McLean, K. L., G. E. Harper, C. M. Frampton, and A. Stewart. "Dormancy of Sclerotium cepivorum sclerotia in New Zealand soils." New Zealand Plant Protection 58 (August 1, 2005): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2005.58.4288.

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Sclerotium cepivorum sclerotia require incubation in soil to overcome constitutive dormancy a condition where the sclerotia will not germinate even when stimulated In Trial 1 artificial onion extract diallyl disulphide (DADS) was used to stimulate sclerotial germination of laboratory produced sclerotia after 1 2 and 3 month conditioning periods when incubated in two different soil types The results showed that soil type and fungal isolate did not affect dormancy and that approximately 16 33 and 21 of the sclerotia germinated after 1 2 and 3 month conditioning periods respectively In Trial 2 DADS significantly increased sclerotial germination compared with the control after 2 3 4 5 and 6 month conditioning periods Sclerotia required 6 months in soil before high rates of germination occurred (>89) when stimulated When a natural population of sclerotia (8 weeks old) (Trial 3) was exposed to DADS 51 of the population germinated compared with 21 in the control (Plt;0001)

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Kohn, Linda M., and Douglas J. Grenville. "Ultrastructure of stromatal anamorphs in the Sclerotiniaceae." Canadian Journal of Botany 67, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 394–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b89-055.

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As part of comparative anatomical, histochemical, and ultrastructural studies of stromata in the Sclerotiniaceae, mature stromata produced in vitro by 11 species representing six genera and one form-genus were examined using transmission electron microscopy. Sclerotial-stromatal taxa were Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, S. trifoliorum, S. minor, Sclerotium cepivorum, Botrytis cinerea, B. porri, Monilinia fructicola, and Myriosclerotinia borealis. Substratal-stromatal taxa were Sclerotinia homoeo-carpa, Rutstroemia sydowiana, and Lambertella subrenispora. Three types of rind were observed: a living cellular rind, a dead cellular rind, and a stromatal rind. Sclerotial species were distinguished from stromatal species not only by the rind type, but also by the confluent extracellular matrix around cortical and medullary cell walls. Presence of lacunae in this matrix distinguished Sclerotinia spp. and M. borealis from Botrytis spp. and Monilinia fructicola. Rind, cortical, and medullary cells contained abundant storage vacuoles in most taxa. The distribution and proportion of organelles to storage vacuoles differed among taxa. Plugged septal pores with associated Woronin bodies were similar among the taxa where they were observed. Sclerotia of Sclerotium cepivorum, which has no known teleomorph, are ultrastructurally most like sclerotia of Sclerotinia or Botrytis anamorphs of Botryotinia species. Substratal stromata of S. homoeocarpa showed unusually complex cellular organization. Sclerotial stromata of M. fructicola contained unusual storage vacuoles with heterogeneous contents.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sclerotial"

1

Bhagat, Indramani. "Studies on sclerotial of tea and its management." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1020.

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ul, Haq M. Anwar. "White rot of onion-plant response and detection." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367806.

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Couch, Brett Charles. "Population biology of Sclerotium cepivorum." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0004/MQ45399.pdf.

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Na, Lampang Acharaporn. "Study on interactions between Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. and selected antagonists." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phn165.pdf.

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Kelkar, H. S. "Studies on pullulan-hydrolysing activity from sclerotium rolfsii." Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 1991. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/5963.

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Mitra, Pankaj. "Chemical induction of resistance in soybean plants to sclerotium rolfsii Sacc." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1017.

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Noe, Montes Garcia, and Montes Garcia Noe. "Epidemiological aspects of Claviceps africana, causal agent of Sorghum ergot." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1546.

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Sorghum ergot, caused by Claviceps africana Frederickson, Mantle & de Milliano, is a disease that affects non-fertilized ovaries in sorghum male-sterile plants and infects hybrids if there is pollen sterility at flowering time. Sphacelia containing macroconidia could play a role in the survival of the pathogen. This study developed risk assessment models and evaluated environmental conditions affecting viability of macroconidia and transition from sphacelial to sclerotial tissues. Effect of weather on ergot severity was evaluated under natural conditions (in monthly planting dates) in nine sorghum genotypes at College Station, Weslaco, Rio Bravo, and Celaya. Panicles were inoculated daily beginning at flower initiation with a suspension of 1.6 x 106 C. africana conidia ml-1. Weather triad values were used to identify weather parameters correlated with the disease. Ergot severity was statistically greater in A-lines than hybrids because of the possible interference of pollen on some dates. Celaya had the greatest amount of ergot in hybrids. A-line ATx2752 had the lowest average ergot severity throughout years, locations and planting dates, as did the hybrid NC+8R18. Maximum and minimum temperature had a negative correlation with ergot at Rio Bravo, College Station and Weslaco, while at Celaya it was positive. The highest correlation was 7 to 9 days before initiation of flowering, suggesting that cooler temperatures during this period could cause male sterility. A-lines showed the same relationships between ergot and maximum and minimum temperatures after initiation of flowering. Minimum relative humidity had a positive correlation with ergot after initiation of flowering in both sorghum plant types. Sphacelia stored under cool temperatures (-3oC to 7oC) maintained conidial viability, and newly-formed sphacelia located on the sphacelia surface had the highest conidial viability. However, they show a greater viability reduction through time compared with conidia from older sphacelia, showing that conidial maturity can play a role in the survival of the conidia. Sphacelia on plants grown at 10oC, 20oC and 30oC with low relative humidity did not had any sclerotial development up to 4 weeks after formation of sphacelia. However, higher temperatures promoted an increase in the sphacelia dry weight during that time.

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Qian, Yang. "Interaction of some crops with Sclerotina sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary." Thesis, University of Reading, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.481096.

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Taurhesia, Shelly. "Exopolysachharide production by submerged culture of the fungus Sclerotium glucanicum." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319472.

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Xu, Zhihan. "Overwinter survival of Sclerotium rolfsii and S. rolfsii var. delphinii, screening hosta for resistance to S. rolfsii var. delphinii, and phylogenetic relationships among Sclerotium species." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2008.

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Books on the topic "Sclerotial"

1

Novak, Lily Ann. Electrophoretic and immunological analysis of developmental, stromatal proteins in the sclerotiniaceae and other sclerotial fungi. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1990.

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Ojha, Dinesh Chandra. Effect of soil solarization on sclerotial viability of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum infecting cauliflower Indian journal of agricultural sciences: A cumulative index of vol. 1-54, 1931-1984. Jodhpur, India: Deepak Publishers, 1986.

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Watanabe, Makiko, ed. Sclerotia Grains in Soils. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4252-1.

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Supriati, Lilies. Karakteristik dan aktivasi senyawa antifungal actinomycetes dari tiga jenis tanah lahan pertanian di Kota Palangka Raya terhadap patogen Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc: Laporan hasil penelitian hibah fundamental, tahun ke-1. Palangka Raya]: Universitas Palangka Raya, 2010.

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Cavalli Marini Sotto Sclerotica. Lulu Press, Inc., 2009.

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Fantini, Alessandro. Cavalli Marini Sotto Sclerotica. Independently Published, 2019.

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Couch, Brett Charles. Population biology of Sclerotium Cepivorum. 1999.

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Watanabe, Makiko. Sclerotia Grains in Soils: A New Perspective from Pedosclerotiology. Springer Singapore Pte. Limited, 2022.

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Watanabe, Makiko. Sclerotia Grains in Soils: A New Perspective from Pedosclerotiology. Springer Singapore Pte. Limited, 2021.

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Stem and pod rots of groundnut. Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-arid Tropics, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sclerotial"

1

Ghaffar, Abdul. "Biological Control of Sclerotial Diseases." In Biocontrol Of Plant Diseases, 153–76. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429292330-10.

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Chang, Perng-Kuang. "Aflatoxin Biosynthesis and Sclerotial Development in Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus." In Mycotoxins in Food, Feed and Bioweapons, 77–92. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00725-5_6.

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Davet, Pierre, Binod Lal, Brigitte Lung-Escarmant, and Jean-Philippe Gallet. "A Method to Screen Trichoderma Isolates Against Soil Sclerotial Fungi and Armillaria Root Rot." In Biological Control of Plant Diseases, 427–30. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9468-7_59.

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Heppner, John B., David B. Richman, Steven E. Naranjo, Dale Habeck, Christopher Asaro, Jean-Luc Boevé, Johann Baumgärtner, et al. "Sclerotin." In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 3303. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_4068.

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "Sclerotium gum." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 496. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_9212.

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Mutasim, Diya F. "Sclerotic Plaques." In Practical Skin Pathology, 173–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14729-1_38.

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Mocellin, Simone. "Sclerotic Fibroma." In Soft Tissue Tumors, 721–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58710-9_227.

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Jasim, Sina, Robert Wermers, and Daniel L. Hurley. "Sclerotic Bone Disorders." In Metabolic Bone Diseases, 169–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03694-2_12.

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Watanabe, Makiko, and Akira Genseki. "Micromorphological Features of Sclerotia Grains." In Progress in Soil Science, 139–51. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4252-1_8.

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Tay, Franklin R., Manar Abu Nawareg, Dalia Abuelenain, and David H. Pashley. "Cervical Sclerotic Dentin: Resin Bonding." In Understanding Dental Caries, 97–125. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30552-3_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sclerotial"

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Neshumaeva, N. A., and M. A. Timina. "Mycoflora of ergot (Claviceps purpurea) sclerotia as a source of potential biocontrol agents of phytopathogens." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.182.

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Mycoflora of sclerotia Claviceps purpurea was studied for identify potential agents of biocontrol of ergot cereals. The genera of micromycetes Penicillium, Alternaria, Mucor, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Rhizopus, Bipolaris, Gliocladium, Epicoccum, Trichoderma were isolated.

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Nyamsanjaa, Khulan, Nobuo Sakagami, Makiko Watanabe, and Oyuntsetseg Bolormaa. "The Concentrations of Micro Elements in Sclerotia of Cenococcum Geophilum." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.1958.

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Yao, Jianhua, Joseph E. Burns, and Ronald M. Summers. "Sclerotic rib metastases detection on routine CT images." In 2012 IEEE 9th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2012.6235923.

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Watanabe, Makiko, and Akira Genseki. "Micromorphological Features of Sclerotia of Cenococcum spp. Collected from Low pH Forest Soils." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.2818.

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Baleeiro Rodrigues Silva, Carla, Rodrigo da Silveira Vasconcelos, Aline Capellato Dias Baccaro, Osvaldo Luiz Camata Junior, Giovanny Homero Jacome Verdugo, Samuel Katsuyuki Shinjo, and Diogo Souza Domiciano. "PAN SCLEROTIC MORPHEA MIMICKING DIFFUSE SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS: A CASE-REPORT." In Congresso Brasileiro de Reumatologia 2020. Sociedade Brasileira de Reumatologia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47660/cbr.2020.17219.

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Nyamsanjaa, Khulan, Bolormaa Oyuntsetseg, and Makiko Watanabe. "Hydroxyapatite formation in Cenococcum geophilum sclerotia from steppe forest soils in Mongolia." In Goldschmidt2022. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2022.13066.

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Zhao, Ruogang, Lina Lin, and Craig A. Simmons. "The Effects of Cell Contraction and Loss of Adhesion on the Apoptosis of Valve Interstitial Cells." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19249.

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Dystrophic calcification in sclerotic aortic valves is associated with apoptosis of myofibroblasts that differentiate from valve interstitial cells (VICs). The factors that regulate apoptosis in sclerotic valves are not known, but may include mechanical stimuli, as is the case in other fibrotic tissues. In support of this hypothesis, we have observed that VICs on stiff collagen matrices that simulate fibrotic tissue differentiate to myofibroblasts and form calcified aggregates that contain apoptotic cells [1]. However, the mechanisms by which cell aggregation leads to VIC apoptosis are unknown. In other cell types, cell contraction caused by release of matrix tension can induce cell apoptosis, but the mechanical transduction pathway regulating this process is unknown [2]. Similarly, cell rounding caused by disrupting the cytoskeletal network has been found to induce apoptosis [3], indicating the cytoskeletal network may play an important role in the cell shape-change related apoptosis pathways. Loss of adhesion between the cell and its matrix is also a well-documented cause for apoptosis of adherent cell types [4].

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Hardiyanti, S., Supriadi, W. Amaria, S. Rahayuningsih, Widodo, and R. Wijaya. "Trapped volatile organic compounds produced by bacterial antagonists affect the growth of Sclerotium rolfsii." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ORGANIC AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY (ICOAC) 2022. AIP Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0184250.

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Moniteria, Supratman Al Rizal, M. Taufik Fauzi, and Ruth Stella Petrunella Thei. "Compost tea as biofungicides to suppress Sclerotium rolfsii on soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.)." In THE 5th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURE AND LIFE SCIENCE 2021 (ICALS 2021): “Accelerating Transformation in Industrial Agriculture Through Sciences Implementation”. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0116167.

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Shvedsky, M. S., G. S. Solovyov, V. V. Matvienko, V. A. Shidin, O. G. Solovyova, and O. F. Istomina. "Vascular-tissue relations in the lungs in experimental superinvasive opisthorchiasis." In VIII Vserossijskaja konferencija s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem «Mediko-fiziologicheskie problemy jekologii cheloveka». Publishing center of Ulyanovsk State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34014/mpphe.2021-229-231.

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Structural changes in the lungs in superinvasive opisthorchiasis at various stages of invasion were studied. The morphology of permanent epithelial proliferation at the initial stage and their decrease in the late period were revealed. With the formation of granulomas in the interstitial tissue of the respiratory organs, with changes in the chronic period towards the formation of sclerotic foci. Key words: superinvasive opisthorchiasis (CO), metacercariae, acinus, terminal bronchioles (TB), cell infiltrates, pneumocytes.

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Reports on the topic "Sclerotial"

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Dickman, Martin B., and Oded Yarden. Involvement of the PKA and MAPK signal transduction pathways in sclerotial morphogenesis in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7695861.bard.

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The long-term goals of our research are to understand the regulation of sclerotial development and pathogenicity in S. sclerotiorum. The focus in this project is on the elucidation of the signaling events and environmental cues involved in the regulation of these processes, utilizing and continuously developing tools our research groups have established and/or adapted for analysis of S. sclerotiorum. Our stated specific objectives were to: 1. Follow activities and function of S. sclerotiorumPKA. 2. Identify and functionally evaluate effectors of the S. sclerotiorumERK-likeMAPK signaling pathway. 3. Perform structural and functional analysis of genes whose expression is altered under conditions affecting either PKA and/or MAPK. As can be seen below, we have not only met most of the listed goals, but have also expanded our research. We have been working both together and in parallel in order to advance our goals. We have jointly shown how an ERK-likeMAPK is required sclerotia formation. We have analyzed, in parallel, the involvement of PKA in sclerotiogenesis and, interestingly, have reached some overlapping results but each group has provided a slightly different interpretation to the picture obtained. It will be interesting to see how this aspect of the analysis progresses, as we jointly tackle the yet unresloved issues. We have also made progress on the analysis of ser/thr phosphatases (specifically – calcineurin, which has been reported to interact with PKA) and PP2A in S. sclerotiorum as well as the S. sclerotiorum rasgene, which we have cloned and shown induces SMK1, the ERK-like kinase responsible for sclerotia formation. In addition to the time and efforts invested towards reaching the specific goals mentioned, both PIs are actively involved in a major international effort to sequence and annotate the entire S. sclerotiorum genome. Though time consuming (and perhaps requiring divergence of some time and resources from the original workplan), we have given this topic a very high priority to this effort as the long term implications of the success of this venture are enormous.

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Dickman, Martin B., and Oded Yarden. Pathogenicity and Sclerotial Development of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum: Involvement of Oxalic Acid and Chitin Synthesis. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7571357.bard.

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Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is among the world's most successful and omnivorous fungal plant pathogens. Included in the nearly 400 species of plants reported as hosts to this fungus are canola, alfalfa, soybean, sunflower, dry bean and potato. The general inability to develop resistant germplasm with these economically important crops to this pathogen has focused attention on the need for a more detailed examination of the pathogenic determinants involved in disease development. A mechanistic understanding of the successful strategy(ies) used by S. sclerotiorum in colonizing host plants and their linkage to fungal development may provide targets and/or novel approaches with which to design resistant crop plants. This proposal involved experiments which were successful in generating genetically-engineered plants harboring resistance to S. sclerotiorum, the establishment and improvement of molecular tools for the study of this pathogen and the analysis of the linkage between pathogenicity, sclerotial morphogenesis and two biosynthetic pathways: oxalic acid production and chitin synthesis. The highly collaborative project has improved our understanding of S. sclerotiorum pathogenicity, established reliable molecular techniques to facilitate experimental manipilation and generated transgenic plants which are resistant to this econimically important fungus.

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Dickman, Martin B., and Oded Yarden. Modulation of the Redox Climate and Phosphatase Signaling in a Necrotroph: an Axis for Inter- and Intra-cellular Communication that Regulates Development and Pathogenicity. United States Department of Agriculture, August 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7697112.bard.

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The long-term goals of our research are to understand the regulation of sclerotial development and pathogenicity in S. sclerotiorum. The focus in this project is on the elucidation of the signaling events and environmental cues that contribute to broad pathogenic success of S. sclerotiorum. In this proposal, we have taken advantage of the recent conceptual (ROS/PPs signaling) and technical (genome sequence availability and gene inactivation possibilities) developments to address the following questions, as appear in our research goals stated below, specifically concerning the involvement of REDOX signaling and protein dephosphorylation in the regulation of hyphal/sclerotial development and pathogenicity of S. sclerotiorum. Our stated specific objectives were to progress our understanding of the following questions: (i) Which ROS species affect S. sclerotiorum development and pathogenicity? (ii) In what manner do PPs affect S. sclerotiorum development and pathogenicity? (iii) Are PPs affected by ROS production and does PP activity affect ROS production and SMK1? (iv) How does Sclerotinia modulate the redox environment in both host and pathogen? While addressing these questions, our main findings include the identification and characterization the NADPH oxidase (NOX) family in S. sclerotiorum. Silencing of Ssnox1 indicated a central role for this enzyme in both virulence and pathogenic (sclerotial) development, while inactivation of Ssnox2 resulted in limited sclerotial development but remained fully pathogenic. Interestingly, we found a consistent correlation with Ssnox1(involved with pathogenicity) and oxalate levels. This same observation was also noted with Sssod1. Thus, fungal enzymes involved in oxidative stress tolerance,when inactivated, also exhibit reduced OA levels. We have also shown that protein phosphatases (specifically PP2A and PTP1) are involved in morphogenesis and pathogenesis of S. sclerotiorum, demonstrating the regulatory role of these key proteins in the mentioned processes. While probing the redox environment and host-pathogen interactions we determined that oxalic acid is an elicitor of plant programmed cell death during S. sclerotiorum disease development and that oxalic acid suppresses host defense via manipulation of the host redox environment. During the course of this project we also contributed to the progress of understanding S. sclerotiorum function and the manipulation of this fungus by establishing an efficient gene replacement and direct hyphal transformation protocols in S. sclerotiorum. Lastly, both PIs were involved in thegenomic analysis of this necrotrophic fungal pathogen (along with Botrytis cinerea). Our results have been published in 11 papers (including joint papers and refereed reviews) and have set the basis for a continuum towards a better understanding and eventual control of this important pathogen (with implications to other fungal-host systems as well).

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Dickman, Martin B., and Oded Yarden. Genetic and chemical intervention in ROS signaling pathways affecting development and pathogenicity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7699866.bard.

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Abstract: The long-term goals of our research are to understand the regulation of sclerotial development and pathogenicity in S. sclerotior11111. The focus in this project was on the elucidation of the signaling events and environmental cues involved in the regulation of these processes, utilizing and continuously developing tools our research groups have established and/or adapted for analysis of S. sclerotiorum, Our stated objectives: To take advantage of the recent conceptual (ROS/PPs signaling) and technical (amenability of S. sclerotiorumto manipulations coupled with chemical genomics and next generation sequencing) developments to address and extend our fundamental and potentially applicable knowledge of the following questions concerning the involvement of REDOX signaling and protein dephosphorylation in the regulation of hyphal/sclerotial development and pathogenicity of S. sclerotiorum: (i) How do defects in genes involved in ROS signaling affect S. sclerotiorumdevelopment and pathogenicity? (ii) In what manner do phosphotyrosinephosphatases affect S. sclerotiorumdevelopment and pathogenicity and how are they linked with ROS and other signaling pathways? And (iii) What is the nature of activity of newly identified compounds that affect S. sclerotiori,111 growth? What are the fungal targets and do they interfere with ROS signaling? We have met a significant portion of the specific goals set in our research project. Much of our work has been published. Briefly. we can summarize that: (a) Silencing of SsNox1(NADPHoxidase) expression indicated a central role for this enzyme in both virulence and pathogenic development, while inactivation of the SsNox2 gene resulted in limited sclerotial development, but the organism remained fully pathogenic. (b) A catalase gene (Scatl), whose expression was highly induced during host infection is involved in hyphal growth, branching, sclerotia formation and infection. (c) Protein tyrosine phosphatase l (ptpl) is required for sclerotial development and is involved in fungal infection. (d) Deletion of a superoxidedismutase gene (Sssodl) significantly reduced in virulence on both tomato and tobacco plants yet pathogenicity was mostly restored following supplementation with oxalate. (e) We have participated in comparative genome sequence analysis of S. sclerotiorumand B. cinerea. (f) S. sclerotiorumexhibits a potential switch between biotrophic and necrotrophic lifestyles (g) During plant microbe interactions cell death can occur in both resistant and susceptible events. Non pathogenic fungal mutants S. sclerotior111n also cause a cell death but with opposing results. We investigated PCD in more detail and showed that, although PCD occurs in both circumstances they exhibit distinctly different features. The mutants trigger a restricted cell death phenotype in the host that unexpectedly exhibits markers associated with the plant hypersensitive (resistant) response. Using electron and fluorescence microscopy, chemical effectors and reverse genetics, we have established that this restricted cell death is autophagic. Inhibition of autophagy rescued the non-pathogenic mutant phenotype. These findings indicate that autophagy is a defense response in this interaction Thus the control of cell death, dictated by the plant (autophagy) סr the fungus (apoptosis), is decisive to the outcome of certain plant microbe interactions. In addition to the time and efforts invested towards reaching the specific goals mentioned, both Pls have initiated utilizing (as stated as an objective in our proposal) state of the art RNA-seq tools in order to harness this technology for the study of S. sclerotiorum. The Pls have met twice (in Israel and in the US), in order to discuss .נחd coordinate the research efforts. This included a working visit at the US Pls laboratory for performing RNA-seq experiments and data analysis as well as working on a joint publication (now published). The work we have performed expands our understanding of the fundamental biology (developmental and pathogenic) of S. sclerotioז111וז. Furthermore, based on our results we have now reached the conclusion that this fungus is not a bona fide necrotroph, but can also display a biotrophic lifestyle at the early phases of infection. The data obtained can eventually serve .נ basis of rational intervention with the disease cycle of this pathogen.

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Pereboom, D. P. K. H., J. B. G. M. Hedemann, C. P. A. F. Smits, W. C. M. de Nijs, and L. W. D. van Raamsdonk. Proficiency test for ergot sclerotia in cereals : EURLPT-MP05 (2020). Wageningen: Wageningen Food Safety Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/541805.

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van Raamsdonk, L. W. D., N. van de Rhee, J. J. M. Vliege, and V. G. Z. Pinckaers. IAG ring test visual detection of ergot sclerotia in rye 2015. Wageningen: RIKILT Wageningen UR, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/393609.

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Dickman, Martin B., and Oded Yarden. Phosphorylative Transduction of Developmental and Pathogenicity-Related Cues in Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum. United States Department of Agriculture, April 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7586472.bard.

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Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is among the world's most successful and omnivorous fungal plant pathogens. Included in the more than 400 species of plants reported as hosts to this fungus are canola, alfalfa, soybean, sunflower, dry bean, and potato. The general inability to develop resistant germplasm with these economically important crops to this pathogen has focused attention on the need for a more detailed examination of the pathogenic determinants involved in disease development. This proposal involved experiments that examined the involvement of protein phosphorylation during morphogenesis (hyphal elongation and sclerotia formation) and pathogenesis (oxalic acid). Data obtained from our laboratories during the course of this project substantiates the fact that kinases and phosphatases are involved and important for these processes. A mechanistic understanding of the successful strategy(ies) used by S . sclerotiorum in infecting and proliferating in host plants and this linkage to fungal development will provide targets and/or novel approaches with which to design resistant crop plants including interference with fungal pathogenic development. The original objectives of this grant included: I. Clone the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) catalytic subunit gene from S.sclerotiorum and determine its role in fungal pathogenicity, OA production (OA) and/or morphogenesis (sclerotia formation). II. Clone and characterize the catalytic and regulatory subunits of the protein phosphatase PP2A holoenzyme complex and determine their role in fungal pathogenicity and/or morphogenesis as well as linkage with PKA-regulation of OA production and sclerotia formation. III. Clone and characterize the adenylate cyclase-encoding gene from S . sclerotiorum and detennine its relationship to the PKA/PP2A-regulated pathway. IV. Analyze the expression patterns of the above-mentioned genes and their products during pathogenesis and determine their linkage with infection and fungal growth.

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Kloepper, Joseph W., and Ilan Chet. Endophytic Bacteria of Cotton and Sweet Corn for Providing Growth Promotion and Biological Disease Control. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7613039.bard.

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Endophytes were isolated from 16.7% of surface-disinfested seeds and 100% of stems and roots of field-growth plants. Strains from Israel with broad-spectrum in vitro antibiosis were mainly Bacillus spp., and some were chitinolytic. Following dipping of cut cotton roots into suspensions of these strains, endophytes were detected up to 72 days later by isolation and by autoradiograms of 14C-labelled bacteria. Selected endophytes exhibited biological control potential based on significant reductions in disease severity on cotton inoculated with Rhizoctonia solani or Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum as well as control of Sclerotium rolfsii on bean. Neither salicylic acid nor chitinase levels increased in plants as a result of endophytic colonization, suggesting that the observed biocontrol was not accounted for by PR protein production. Some biocontrol endophytes secreted chitinolytic enzymes. Model endophytic strains inoculated into cotton stems via stem injection showed only limited movement within the stem. When introduced into stems at low concentrations, endophytes increased in population density at the injection site. After examining several experimental and semi-practical inoculation systems, seed treatment was selected as an efficient way to reintroduce most endophytes into plants.

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Lichter, Amnon, Gopi K. Podila, and Maria R. Davis. Identification of Genetic Determinants that Facilitate Development of B. cinerea at Low Temperature and its Postharvest Pathogenicity. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7592641.bard.

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Botrytis cinerea is the postharvest pathogen of many agricultural produce with table grapes, strawberries and tomatoes as major targets. The high efficiency with which B. cinerea causes disease on these produce during storage is attributed in part due to its exceptional ability to develop at very low temperature. Our major goal was to understand the genetic determinants which enable it to develop at low temperature. The specific research objectives were: 1. Identify expression pattern of genes in a coldenriched cDNA library. 2. Identify B. cinerea orthologs of cold-induced genes 3. Profile protein expression and secretion at low temperature on strawberry and grape supplemented media. 4. Test novel methods for the functional analysis of coldresponsive genes. Objective 1 was modified during the research because a microarray platform became available and it allowed us to probe the whole set of candidate genes according to the sequence of 2 strains of the fungus, BO5.10 and T4. The results of this experiment allowed us to validate some of our earlier observations which referred to genes which were the product of a SSH suppression-subtraction library. Before the microarray became available during 2008 we also analyzed the expression of 15 orthologs of cold-induced genes and some of these results were also validated by the microarray experiment. One of our goals was also to perform functional analysis of cold-induced genes. This goal was hampered for 3 years because current methodology for transformation with ‘protoplasts’ failed to deliver knockouts of bacteriordopsin-like (bR) gene which was our primary target for functional analysis. Consequently, we developed 2 alternative transformation platforms, one which involves an air-gun based technique and another which involves DNA injection into sclerotia. Both techniques show great promise and have been validated using different constructs. This contribution is likely to serve the scientific community in the near future. Using these technologies we generated gene knockout constructs of 2 genes and have tested there effect on survival of the fungus at low temperature. With reference to the bR genes our results show that it has a significant effect on mycelial growth of the B. cinerea and the mutants have retarded development at extreme conditions of ionic stress, osmotic stress and low temperature. Another gene of unknown function, HP1 is still under analysis. An ortholog of the yeast cold-induced gene, CCH1 which encodes a calcium tunnel and was shown to be cold-induced in B. cinerea was recently cloned and used to complement yeast mutants and rescue them from cold-sensitivity. One of the significant findings of the microarray study involves a T2 ribonuclease which was validated to be cold-induced by qPCR analysis. This and other genes will serve for future studies. In the frame of the study we also screened a population of 631 natural B. cinerea isolates for development at low temperature and have identified several strains with much higher and lower capacity to develop at low temperature. These strains are likely to be used in the future as candidates for further functional analysis. The major conclusions from the above research point to specific targets of cold-induced genes which are likely to play a role in cold tolerance. One of the most significant observations from the microarray study is that low temperature does not induce ‘general stress response in B. cinerea, which is in agreement to its exceptional capacity to develop at low temperature. Due to the tragic murder of the Co-PI Maria R. Davis and GopiPodila on Feb. 2010 it is impossible to deliver their contribution to the research. The information of the PI is that they failed to deliver objective 4 and none of the information which relates to objective 3 has been delivered to the PI before the murder or in a visit to U. Alabama during June, 2010. Therefore, this report is based solely on the IS data.

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