Journal articles: 'Scleractini'

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Romano, Sandra L. "A molecular perspective on the evolution of scleractinian corals." Paleontological Society Papers 1 (October 1996): 39–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1089332600000048.

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The evolutionary history of scleractinian corals, based on morphological taxonomy and inferences from the fossil record, has been poorly understood. Molecular techniques developed over the past ten years are now being used to gain a new perspective on scleractinian phylogeny. DNA sequences, mitochondrial genome structure, and morphological characters support a basal position for the Anthozoa in the phylum Cnidaria. Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences suggest a relatively derived position of the order Scleractinia within the class Anthozoa. Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences have provided a new hypothesis for evolution within the Scleractinia that is different from hypotheses based on morphological characters of extant and fossil taxa. Groupings within the two major lineages defined by molecular data do not correspond to morphological suborder groupings although groupings of genera within families do correspond to traditional taxonomy. This new molecular hypothesis suggests that the Scleractinia are represented by two major lineages that diverged from each other before the appearance of the scleractinian skeleton in the fossil record. This divergence time supports the hypotheses that the Scleractinia are not related to the Rugosa of the Paleozoic and that the scleractinian skeleton has evolved more than once. These two major lineages may represent two architectural strategies within the Scleractinia that have led to their great morphological diversity.

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Ezaki, Yoichi. "Paleozoic Scleractinia: progenitors or extinct experiments?" Paleobiology 24, no. 2 (1998): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/0094-8373(1998)024[0227:pspoee]2.3.co;2.

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Abstract The Scleractinia, which are one of the most important builders of modern reefs, have been considered to have first appeared in the Middle Triassic. Recently, Paleozoic scleractiniamorphs have been reported from both the Ordovician and the Permian, suggesting that the scleractinian-like body plan was already established in the Paleozoic. Those Paleozoic scleractiniamorphs are considered either unsuccessful skeletonized offshoots (extinct experiments) or Paleozoic progenitors of the post-Paleozoic Scleractinia. Permian scleractiniamorphs are characterized by “ancestral” features and have no specific morphologies that deny scleractinian affinities. Molecular phylogenetics also indicate that extant scleractinians are monophyletic and originated long before their Triassic appearance. A Paleozoic origin for the Scleractinia is supported by morphological and molecular phylogenetic data. On the other hand, there is no positive evidence to show that different groups of scleractinians had separate soft-bodied precursors. The Paleozoic scleractinians evolved within the framework of their basic body plan, and a direct derivation of the Scleractinia from the Rugosa is not probable. The Anthozoa are characterized by a bilaterally symmetrical body plan, which is traditionally considered to have been derived from other radially symmetrical Cnidaria. The problem of the origin of scleractinian body plan may provide a key for deciphering the early anthozoan radiation within the Bilateria. Other examples of Paleozoic Scleractinia and scleractiniamorphs will be found, probably in shallow-water reefal facies or deeper-water communities, bridging the stratigraphic gaps in occurrence and elucidating the origin of the Scleractinia and their body plan.

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CAIRNS, STEPHEN D., and ROSEMARIE C. BARON-SZABO. "A brief review of the stony coral (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia) papers published by Zootaxa in its first 20 years." Zootaxa 4979, no. 1 (May 28, 2021): 212–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4979.1.19.

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In the 20 year history of Zootaxa, thirty-two papers have been published having Scleractinia as its primary focus. Twenty-four of the 32 scleractinian papers deal with Recent taxa, most of which belonging to shallow-water, reef corals. The 8 publications dealing with fossil Scleractinia include 3 monographic works, three papers discussing nomenclatural issues of individual taxa, and 2 papers deal with various aspects of select genera.

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Zlatarski, Vassil. "The actuopaleontological studies on Cuban scleractinians and coral reefs of half a century ago are not over." Geologica Balcanica 46, no. 2 (November 2017): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.52321/geolbalc.46.2.111.

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Gathering and studying a rich collection of fossil corals in Bulgaria led to the definition of various new taxa, but highlighted the gaps in our knowledge of fossil Scleractinia. I needed to learn from living corals. An actuopaleontological project with massive sampling of all phenotypes following coral life in depth in Cuba (1970–1973) showed extraordinary scleractinian variability and led to “heresy” regarding the conventional Caribbean taxonomy. Subsequent fundamental new knowledge challenged Scleractinia taxonomy and justified the results of the investigation of the Cuban corals, through continuing contributions to: holistic approach to scleractinian species; integrative character of coral taxonomy; new paleobiological perspectives and tasks for study; and the evolutionary benefits of hybridization for reef survival. Continuing research can be supported by: an 80% preserved collection; a scientific audiovisual documentary; a monograph in Russian, French, and soon Spanish; and a substantially and rarely preserved coral life and reef ecosystem.

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Scaps, Patrick, and James Saunders. "Shallow Water Stony Corals (Scleractinia, Milleporidae, and Stylasteridae) from Utila and Cayos Cochinos, Honduras." ISRN Zoology 2011 (May 15, 2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/736381.

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The coral reefs of Utila and Cayos Cochinos located in the western Caribbean region (Honduras) were studied in Summer 2010 in order to acquire information concerning their richness in stony corals (Scleractinia, Milleporidae, and Stylasteridae) down to 18 m depth. Ten sites in each location were visually surveyed. Fourty-six species and 12 forms of zooxanthellate scleractinian corals belonging to 21 genera were observed at Utila and 44 species and 12 forms belonging to 20 genera at Cayos Cochinos. At each site, 3 species of milleporids and one species of Stylaster (S. roseus) were also observed. Four forms of zooxanthellate scleractinian corals were new records from Honduras. Up to now, 53 species of scleractinian corals have been identified within the whole Honduran Caribbean coast. They belong to 24 genera. This number represents approximately 93% of all scleractinian coral species reported for the Caribbean.

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Niu, Wentao, Jiaguang Xiao, Peng Tian, Shuangen Yu, Feng Guo, Jianjia Wang, and Dingyong Huang. "Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome sequences of three Merulinidae corals and novel insights into the phylogenetics." PeerJ 8 (January 24, 2020): e8455. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8455.

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Over the past few decades, modern coral taxonomy, combining morphology and molecular sequence data, has resolved many long-standing questions about scleractinian corals. In this study, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genomes of three Merulinidae corals (Dipsastraea rotumana, Favites pentagona, and Hydnophora exesa) for the first time using next-generation sequencing. The obtained mitogenome sequences ranged from 16,466 bp (D. rotumana) to 18,006 bp (F. pentagona) in length, and included 13 unique protein-coding genes (PCGs), two transfer RNA genes, and two ribosomal RNA genes . Gene arrangement, nucleotide composition, and nucleotide bias of the three Merulinidae corals were canonically identical to each other and consistent with other scleractinian corals. We performed a Bayesian phylogenetic reconstruction based on 13 protein-coding sequences of 86 Scleractinia species. The results showed that the family Merulinidae was conventionally nested within the robust branch, with H. exesa clustered closely with F. pentagona and D. rotumana clustered closely with Favites abdita. This study provides novel insight into the phylogenetics of species within the family Merulinidae and the evolutionary relationships among different Scleractinia genera.

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SAMIEI, JAHANGIR VAJED, KOOSHA DAB, PARVIZ GHEZELLOU, and ARASH SHIRVANI. "Some scleractinian corals (Scleractinia: Anthozoa) of Larak Island, Persian Gulf." Zootaxa 3636, no. 1 (April 3, 2013): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3636.1.5.

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Chen, Chienhsun, Chih-Yung Chiou, Chang-Feng Dai, and Chaolun Allen Chen. "Unique Mitogenomic Features in the Scleractinian Family Pocilloporidae (Scleractinia: Astrocoeniina)." Marine Biotechnology 10, no. 5 (May 14, 2008): 538–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10126-008-9093-x.

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CLAEREBOUDT, MICHEL R. "Porites decasepta: a new species of scleractinian coral (Scleractinia, Poritidae) from Oman." Zootaxa 1188, no. 1 (April 28, 2006): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1188.1.5.

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A new species of scleractinian coral, Porites decasepta spec. nov. (Scleractinia, Poritidae) is described from the Bar Al-Hikman reef complex along the Arabian Sea coast of the Sultanate of Oman. Porites decasepta spec. nov. forms encrusting, bright blue colonies rarely exceeding 7 cm in diameter. Corallites, about 1mm in diameter, have only 10 septa: the two lateral septa of the ventral triplet typical of Porites septal arrangement are missing or strongly reduced. Une nouvelle espèce de scleractiniaire, Porites decasepta spec. nov. (Scleractinia Poritidae) est décrite du complex récifal de Bar Al-Hikman situé le long de la côte de la mer d’arabie du Sultanat d’Oman. La nouvelle espèce forme de petites colonies encroûtantes, de couleur bleu-violet, ne dépassant guère 7 cm de diamètre. Les corallites d’à peu près 1mm de diamètre n’ont que 10 septa: les deux septa latéraux du triplet ventral étant le plus souvent manquants ou fortement réduits.

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10

Stolarski, Jarosław, and Ewa Roniewicz. "Towards a new synthesis of evolutionary relationships and classification of Scleractinia." Journal of Paleontology 75, no. 6 (November 2001): 1090–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000017157.

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The focus of this paper is to provide an overview of historical and modern accounts of scleractinian evolutionary relationships and classification. Scleractinian evolutionary relationships proposed in the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries were based mainly on skeletal data. More in-depth observations of the coral skeleton showed that the gross-morphology could be highly confusing. Profound differences in microstructural and microarchitectural characters of e.g., Mesozoic microsolenine, pachythecaliine, stylophylline, stylinine, and rhipidogyrine corals compared with nominotypic representatives of higher-rank units in which they were classified suggest their separate (?subordinal) taxonomic status. Recent application of molecular techniques resulted in hypotheses of evolutionary relationships that differed from traditional ones. The emergence of new and promising research methods such as highresolution morphometrics, analysis of biochemical skeletal data, and refined microstructural observations may still increase resolution of the “skeletal” approach. Achieving a more reliable and comprehensive scheme of evolutionary relationships and classification framework for the Scleractinia will require close cooperation between coral biologists, ecologists, geologists, geochemists, and paleontologists.

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11

Wendt, J. "The first aragonitic rugose coral." Journal of Paleontology 64, no. 3 (May 1990): 335–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000018539.

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Microstructural and compositional data support the view that the skeletons of rugose corals consisted of (probably high-Mg) calcite, unlike the skeletons of scleractinian corals which are predominantly aragonitic. Total transformation of a late Permian rugose coral skeleton into neomorphic calcite and a significant trace element composition, however, show that aragonite was present in some Rugosa shortly prior to the extinction of this order. This finding sheds new light on the possible phylogenetic relationship between Rugosa and Scleractinia, which still possess a different mode of septal insertion and remain separated by an as yet coral-free interval in the Lower Triassic.

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Nusi, Ajrin Y., Carolus Paulus Paruntu, Antonius P. Rumengan, Farnis B. Boneka, Noldy G. F. Mamangkey, and Laurentius Th X. Lalamentik. "KOMPOSISI TIPE NEMATOSIT KARANG SCLERACTINIA, Pocillopora sp. DARI TERUMBU KARANG PANTAI TONTAYUO, BATUDAA PANTAI, GORONTALO." JURNAL PESISIR DAN LAUT TROPIS 9, no. 3 (October 4, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jplt.9.3.2021.36067.

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The objective of this present study is to know the composition of nematocyst types from the coral Scleractinia, Pocillopora sp. The coral colonies of Pocillopora sp. were collected at Tontayuo coastal coral reefs, Batudaa Pantai, Gorontalo. This research was conducted for 3 months, from September-December 2020. The method of testing the type and composition of nematocysts was carried out using an Olympus CX41 type microscope with x100 objective lens magnification connected to a computer ST24 monitor equipped with optical view 7 application (software). Photos of Pocillopora sp. both alive and skeleton form are documented in this journal. The results of the current study showed that Pocillopora sp. has the types and composition of MpM of 91.49%, while HI is 8.51%. MpM is the dominant nematocyst in Pocillopora sp. Future research is recommended to identify this coral at the species level and to study more deeply the various coral species in the genus Pocillopora based on the types and morphology of nematocysts that are useful in the taxonomy of Scleractinia corals.Keywords: Gorontalo, HI, MpM, nematocyst, Pocillopora sp., Scleractinian coral

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Conci, Nicola, Gert Wörheide, and Sergio Vargas. "New Non-Bilaterian Transcriptomes Provide Novel Insights into the Evolution of Coral Skeletomes." Genome Biology and Evolution 11, no. 11 (September 13, 2019): 3068–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evz199.

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Abstract A general trend observed in animal skeletomes—the proteins occluded in animal skeletons—is the copresence of taxonomically widespread and lineage-specific proteins that actively regulate the biomineralization process. Among cnidarians, the skeletomes of scleractinian corals have been shown to follow this trend. However, distributions and phylogenetic analyses of biomineralization-related genes are often based on only a few species, with other anthozoan calcifiers such as octocorals (soft corals), not being fully considered. We de novo assembled the transcriptomes of four soft-coral species characterized by different calcification strategies (aragonite skeleton vs. calcitic sclerites) and data-mined published nonbilaterian transcriptome resources to construct a taxonomically comprehensive sequence database to map the distribution of scleractinian and octocoral skeletome components. Cnidaria shared no skeletome proteins with Placozoa or Ctenophora, but did share some skeletome proteins with Porifera, such as galaxin-related proteins. Within Scleractinia and Octocorallia, we expanded the distribution for several taxonomically restricted genes such as secreted acidic proteins, scleritin, and carbonic anhydrases, and propose an early, single biomineralization-recruitment event for galaxin sensu stricto. Additionally, we show that the enrichment of acidic residues within skeletogenic proteins did not occur at the Corallimorpharia–Scleractinia transition, but appears to be associated with protein secretion into the organic matrix. Finally, the distribution of octocoral calcification-related proteins appears independent of skeleton mineralogy (i.e., aragonite/calcite) with no differences in the proportion of shared skeletogenic proteins between scleractinians and aragonitic or calcitic octocorals. This points to skeletome homogeneity within but not between groups of calcifying cnidarians, although some proteins such as galaxins and SCRiP-3a could represent instances of commonality.

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Putra, Singgih A., Helmy Akbar, and Indra A. Syari. "Shallow-water hard corals (Hexacorallia: Scleractinia) from Bangka Belitung Islands Waters, Indonesia." Aceh Journal of Animal Science 4, no. 2 (October 31, 2019): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.13170/ajas.4.2.14571.

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Bangka Belitung Islands (Sumatra, Indonesia) has various coastal resources, e.g., coral reefs, seagrass beds, mangrove forests. However, the coral community has been threatened by anthropogenic activities, i.e., tin mining and illegal tin mining. Threatened species assessment is important for mitigation of coral losses and management. The ojective of the present study was to examine the status of Scleractinian corals in Bangka Belitung Islands, Indonesia. A line intercept transect was performed for the coral reef survey. Live and dead coral cover were recorded in the three locations. Corals species were identified following taxonomic revisions. The results showed that there were 142 species of Scleractinian corals recorded from Bangka Belitung Islands. Of these, 22 species are the new report from the areas of the the eastern part of Belitung Island. Family of Merulinidae, Acroporidae, and Poritidae were predominant group in this region. It is concluded that the condition of the coral reef ecosystem in the Belitung Islands is relatively good, but fair in Gaspar Strait and Bangka Island. Keywords: Coral cover, coral diversity, hard coral, Scleractinia

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Lee, Jen Nie, Kee Alfian Abd Adzis, Lutfi Afiq-Rosli, Jani T. I. Tanzil, Albert Apollo Chan, Md Nizam Ismail, Khodzori Fikri Akmal, and Yang Amri Affendi. "Scleractinian coral (Cnidaria, Hexacorallia, Scleractinia) diversity of the Mersing Islands, Peninsular Malaysia." ZooKeys 1102 (May 20, 2022): 177–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.82228.

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We present a comprehensive checklist of scleractinian (hard) corals for the Mersing Islands, Malaysia based on surveys conducted at 24 reefs across protected and unprotected marine areas. A total of 261 species of corals from 16 families and one incertae sedis (Pachyseris spp.) were recorded, along with ten records that are new for the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Compared against the IUCN Red List, 46.7% of coral species found in the Mersing Islands were of Least Concern (LC), 29.5% as Near Threatened (NT) and 16.4% Vulnerable (V). Only one recorded species, Pectinia maxima (Moll & Best, 1984), was listed as Endangered (EN). Baseline species diversity data are essential for the monitoring and management of marine biodiversity, especially within marine protected areas. With both protected and unprotected coral reef areas in the vicinity of the widely scattered Mersing Islands, the diversity and distribution of coral species can be used as the basis for area-based conservation and management strategies. The diversity and abundance of scleractinian corals of each island or area should be surveyed periodically to ensure the appropriate level of protection is afforded to retain scleractinian biodiversity in this region.

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Choi, Eunae, and Jun-Im Song. "New Records of Two Zooxanthellate Scleractinian Corals (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia: Scleractinia) from Korea." Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity 31, no. 2 (April 30, 2015): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5635/ased.2015.31.2.086.

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Niu, Wentao, Shuangen Yu, Peng Tian, and Jiaguang Xiao. "Complete mitochondrial genome of Echinophyllia aspera (Scleractinia, Lobophylliidae): Mitogenome characterization and phylogenetic positioning." ZooKeys 793 (October 29, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.793.28977.

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Lack of mitochondrial genome data of Scleractinia is hampering progress across genetic, systematic, phylogenetic, and evolutionary studies concerning this taxon. Therefore, in this study, the complete mitogenome sequence of the stony coralEchinophylliaaspera(Ellis & Solander, 1786), has been decoded for the first time by next generation sequencing and genome assembly. The assembled mitogenome is 17,697 bp in length, containing 13 protein coding genes (PCGs), two transfer RNAs and two ribosomal RNAs. It has the same gene content and gene arrangement as in other Scleractinia. All genes are encoded on the same strand. Most of the PCGs use ATG as the start codon except for ND2, which uses ATT as the start codon. The A+T content of the mitochondrial genome is 65.92% (25.35% A, 40.57% T, 20.65% G, and 13.43% for C). Bayesian and maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis have been performed using PCGs, and the result shows thatE.asperaclustered closely withSclerophylliamaxima(Sheppard & Salm, 1988), both of which belong to Lobophylliidae, when compared with species belonging to Merulinidae and other scleractinian taxa used as outgroups. The complete mitogenome ofE.asperaprovides essential and important DNA molecular data for further phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses of corals.

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BENZONI, FRANCESCA, and FABRIZIO STEFANI. "Porites fontanesii, a new species of hard coral (Scleractinia, Poritidae) from the southern Red Sea, the Gulf of Tadjoura, and the Gulf of Aden, and its phylogenetic relationships within the genus." Zootaxa 3447, no. 1 (August 31, 2012): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3447.1.4.

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A new zooxanthellate reef-dwelling scleractinian coral species, Porites fontanesii sp. nov. (Scleractinia, Poritidae), is de-scribed. The examined material was collected from the Southern Red Sea, the Gulf of Tadjoura, and the Gulf of Aden.Porites fontanesii sp. nov. was most frequently observed along the Yemen south Red Sea and the north-western Gulf ofAden coasts. Although a complete molecular phylogeny of Porites is not available yet, the relationships between P. fon-tanesii sp. nov. and twenty other species of the genus were explored through analysis of the available rDNA sequences.Porites fontanesii sp. nov. was seen to be a distinct species basal to, and well divergent from, one of the two main clades so far identified in the genus rDNA phylogeny.

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Sirongoringo, Rikoh M., Ratna D. Palupi, and Tri A. Hadi. "Biodiversitas Karang Batu (Scleractinia) di Perairan Kendari (Biodiversity of Corals (Scleractinian) at Kendari Waters)." ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences 17, no. 1 (March 11, 2012): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ik.ijms.17.1.22-30.

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Perairan Kendari merupakan bagian dari wilayah segitiga karang dunia atau lebih dikenal dengan kawasan Coral Triangle Initiative yang memiliki keragaman karang yang sangat tinggi. Daerah pesisir dan pulau-pulau kecil dilokasi ini mempunyai potensi yang sangat baik bagi kehidupan manusia, namun pada beberapa lokasi terdapat beberapa aktivitas penambangan di darat, yang mana sedikit banyak pasti berdampak bagi kehidupan ekosistem di daerah pantai. Pengamatan terhadap komunitas karang dilakukan di 5 stasiun dengan mengunakan metode transek garis (Line transect). Tujuan pengamatan untuk mengetahui Kondisi terumbukarang, biodiversitas karang. Dari hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa secara umum kondisi karang masih dikategorikan baik dengan rerata persentase tutupan karang 60,25 % (SE 7,08). Persentase tutupan karang hidup mulai dari 42,90-82,60 %. Persentase karang tertinggi berada di Teluk Wawobatu (ST. 1) Sedangkan yang paling rendah yaitu di patch reef Tukalanggara, Gosong Timur (ST. 2). Keragaman karang tertinggi di Pulau Bahulu (ST. 4) walaupun sedimentasi dan pengaruh air tawar terlihat jelas, namun keragaman karang masih tinggi. Jumlah jenis karang baik dari hasil transek maupun koleksi bebas diperoleh 184 jenis karang batu yang masuk dalam 15 famili. Kondisi substrat dasar sangat mempengaruhi keberhasilan polyp karang untuk tumbuh dan berkembang menjadi karang dewasa.Kata kunci: biodiversitas, karang bat, Perairan KendariKendari Waters are well known as The Coral Triangle Region in which has great biodiversity of corals. The Coral regions and The small islands in this location possess good potential aspects for human beings, but on the other hand, in particular areas, there are some minning activities which more or less affect the life of marine ecosystem in coastal areas. The observation of coral communities was carried out at five sites utilizing LIT as the method. The aim of this research is to invesitgate the condition of coral reefs and coral biodiversityl. The result indicates generally the coral reef conditions are categorized in good condition, having avarage of the coral cover percentage up to 60,25% (SE 7,08). The coral cover percentage ranges from 42,90-82,60 %. The highest percentage belongs to Wawobatu bay (ST. 1), whereas The lowest belongs to patch reef Tukalanggara (ST. 2). The highest biodiversity belongs to Bahulu island (ST. 4) although the sedimentation and the impact of fresh waterstill obviously occur. The number of corals observed from both LIT and free collection transects is 184 species divided into 15 families. The condition of the bottom substrate influences the success of coral polyps to grow and develop into adutl coralsKey words: biodiversity, stony coral and Kendari waters

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Bachtiar, Imam, Muhammad Abrar, and Agus Budiyanto. "Rekruitmen Karang Scleractinia di Perairan Pulau Lembata (Recruitment of Scleractinian Corals at Lembata Island Waters)." ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences 17, no. 1 (March 11, 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ik.ijms.17.1.1-7.

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Potensi rekruitmen karang sangat penting di dalam pengelolaan terumbu karang, karena potensi pemulihan terumbu karang tergantung pada rekruitmen karang. Penelitian rekruitmen karang Scleractinia dilakukan di perairan Pulau Lembata, Nusa Tenggara Timur, pada bulan Juli 2011. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan rekruit (anakan) karang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Acroporidae, Pocilloporidae, dan Poritidae merupakan tiga famili karang yang mempunyai kontribusi terbesar pada rekruitmen karang di perairan Lembata. Komposisi genus karang pada stasiun penelitian di Laut Flores (Pulau Lapan, Pulau Watupeni, Pulau Wuku) berbeda dari komposisi genus karang di stasiun perairan selat sekitar Pulau Lembata dan Laut Sawu. Ketiga stasiun penelitian di Laut Flores juga mempunyai kelimpahan rekruit yang lebih tinggi dari lokasi lainnya. Kata kunci: karang, rekruitmen, Lembata, komposisi, kelimpahan Potential recruitment of Scleractinian corals is very important in coral reef management, since coral reef recovery is very dependent on coral recruitment. Study on coral recruitment was conducted in Pulau Lembata waters, Nusa Tenggara Timur, on July 2011. Objectives of the study were to determine taxa (family and genera) diversity and abundance of coral recruits. Results showed that coral families of Acroporidae, Pocilloporidae, and Poritidae had highest contribution to the whole coral recruitment. Study locations in the Flores Sea (Pulau Lapan, Pulau Watupeni, Pulau Wuku) showed genera composition that is different from other study locations. The three islands in the Flores Sea also had significantly higher recruit abundance than those in other locations. Key words: coral, recruitment, Lembata, composition, abundance

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Keller, N. B., L. L. Demina, and N. S. Os’kina. "Variations in the chemical composition of the skeletons of non-zooxanthellate scleractinian (Anthozoa: Scleractinia) corals." Geochemistry International 45, no. 8 (August 2007): 832–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0016702907080095.

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Miller, D. J., J. McMillan, A. Miles, M. ten Lohuis, and T. Mahony. "Nucleotide sequence of the histone H3-encoding gene from the scleractinian coral Acropora formosa (cnidaria: scleractinia)." Gene 93, no. 2 (January 1990): 319–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1119(90)90243-k.

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Tioho, Hanny, Carolus P. Paruntu, and Hendra Patrich. "Survival and growth rates of transplanted Scleractinian corals on the reef flat at Kalasei Waters, Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi." AQUATIC SCIENCE & MANAGEMENT 1, no. 2 (October 31, 2013): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jasm.1.2.2013.7272.

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In order to know survival and growth rates of some scleractinian coral species, 538 colonies from 46 species were collected from the reef which was affected by reclamation activity and transferred to the adjacent reef about 300 meters from the former location. All of the transplanted colonies were observed during 12 months (April 2011 – March 2012). We found that 47 (8.74%) dead coral colonies dominated by branching corals and 491 (91.26%) were dominated by live coral colonies of the growth forms encrusting, folioseandmassive. The highest coral growth (10.59 to 11.32cm/year) was showed by branching Acropora, while the lowest (0.35 to 0.71 cm/year ) was showed by the group of massive-submassive growth form. This study concluded that corals with encrusting, folioseandmassive growth formhad a high survival rate, but they have slow growth ratescompared withbranching growth form. Untuk mengetahui tingkat ketahanan hidup dan pertumbuhan karang Scleractinia, 46 jenis karang Scleractinia yang terdiri dari 538 koloni dikoleksi dari areal terumbu karang yang sementara direklamasi dan ditransplantasi ke area rataan terumbu yang berjarak sekitar 300 meter dari area aktivitas reklamasi di pantai Kalasey dan pengamatan dilakukan selama satu tahun (April 2011 - Maret 2012). Ditemukan 47 (8,74 %) koloni karang yang mati dan didominasi oleh karang bercabang, dan 491 (91,26 %) koloni yang hidup didominasi oleh karang dengan bentuk pertumbuhan encrusting, foliose dan massive. Pertumbuhan karang tertinggi adalah karang bercabang dari kelompok Acropora yaitu 10,59 - 11,32 cm/Tahun, sedangkan terendah adalah kelompok dengan bentuk pertumbuhan massive-submassive yaitu 0,35 - 0,71 cm/Tahun. Penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa karang dengan bentuk pertumbuhan encrusting, foliose dan massive memiliki tingkat ketahanan hidup yang lebih tinggi, tetapi memiliki pertumbuhan yang lebih lambat dibandingkan dengan karang bercabang.

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CLAEREBOUDT, MICHEL R., and ISSA S. AL-AMRI. "Calathiscus tantillus, a new genus and new species of scleractinian coral (Scleractinia, Poritidae) from the Gulf of Oman." Zootaxa 532, no. 1 (June 4, 2004): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.532.1.1.

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Calathiscus tantillus new genus & new species (Scleractinia, Poritidae) is described from several specimens collected along the north coast of the Sultanate of Oman and Masirah Island. The zooxanthellate genus has a massive growth form, although colonies remain very small (< 40 mm). The skeletal characteristics are intermediate between Porites and Goniopora, with calices averaging 1.7 mm in diameter. The polyps, fully extended during the day in most specimens, have a long tubular column topped by a wide conical oral disc surrounded by 15 22 tentacles. The characteristics of this new species and genus are discussed in relation to other genera in the family: Porites, Goniopora, Stylarea, Alveopora and Poritipora.

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SCHMIDT-ROACH, SEBASTIAN, KAREN J. MILLER, and NIKOS ANDREAKIS. "Pocillopora aliciae: a new species of scleractinian coral (Scleractinia, Pocilloporidae) from subtropical Eastern Australia." Zootaxa 3626, no. 4 (March 15, 2013): 576–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3626.4.11.

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Lack of morphological features of diagnostic value and high levels of environmental phenotypic plasticity obscure species boundaries for most taxa in the genus Pocillopora Lamarck, 1816 and complicate the definition of taxonomically distinct units. Species of the genus are colonial, generally ramose, rarely massive or encrusting and mostly hermatypic; corallite arrangement is plocoid, septa are generally poorly developed and usually arranged in two cycles; the columella is mostly poorly developed (Veron & Pichon 1976). Verrucae are common, although reduced in some species. Currently 17 species are formally acknowledged within the genus (Veron 2000).

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Zapalski, Mikołaj K., Andrew H. Baird, Tom Bridge, Michał Jakubowicz, and James Daniell. "Unusual shallow water Devonian coral community from Queensland and its recent analogues from the inshore Great Barrier Reef." Coral Reefs 40, no. 2 (February 4, 2021): 417–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-020-02048-9.

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AbstractPalaeozoic coral communities were dominated by two extinct coral groups: Tabulata and Rugosa. Whilst they are not closely related to modern Scleractinia, they are morphologically convergent, displaying many morphological characters that allow comparisons between recent and ancient coral reef communities. The extensive shallow-water reef communities of the Devonian were generally dominated by stromatoporoid sponges, with corals occupying deeper environments. Here, we describe an unusual, shallow water coral reef community from the Middle Devonian (Givetian, approx. 385 Ma) of the Fanning River area, Queensland, Australia. The coral community is dominated by tabulate corals, but also includes solitary and occasionally colonial rugose corals. Tabulate corals most commonly exhibit foliose and massive morphologies, but encrusting and branching growth forms also occur. The depositional environment was characterized by a shallow water depth, moderate hydrodynamic energy, high sedimentation rate, and high turbidity. Since these environmental factors influence the morphological composition of modern coral communities, we hypothesize that similar environments may result in morphologically equivalent coral assemblages throughout the Phanerozoic. To test this idea, we qualitatively compare the Fanning River reefs with modern scleractinian coral assemblages in a similar environmental setting at Magnetic Island. Both reefs are located in a shallow water less than 10 m deep, with high sediment flux, moderate wave energy, and generally high turbidity. Like Fanning River, Magnetic Island coral communities are dominated by foliose morphologies, with contributions from massive and branching forms. The Fanning River reef, together with previously identified Silurian and Devonian mesophotic coral ecosystems, suggest that Palaeozoic coral assemblages may share many functional characteristics with modern scleractinian reefs in similar environments. Therefore, the geological record of inshore, high turbidity-adapted coral communities can be traced back as far as 385 Ma.

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Frankowiak, Katarzyna, Ewa Roniewicz, and Jarosław Stolarski. "Photosymbiosis in Late Triassic scleractinian corals from the Italian Dolomites." PeerJ 9 (March 16, 2021): e11062. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11062.

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During the Carnian, oligotrophic shallow-water regions of the western Tethys were occupied by small, coral-rich patch reefs. Scleractinian corals, which already contributed to the formation of the reef structure, owed their position most probably to the symbiosis with dinoflagellate algae (zooxanthellae). Using microstructural (regularity of growth increments) and geochemical (oxygen and carbon stable isotopes) criteria of zooxanthellae symbiosis, we investigated whether this partnership was widespread among Carnian scleractinians from the Italian Dolomites (locality Alpe di Specie). Although corals from this locality are renowned from excellent mineralogical preservation (aragonite), their skeletons were rigorously tested against traces of diagenesis Irrespective of their growth forms, well preserved skeletons of corals from the Dolomites, most frequently revealed regular growth bands (low values of coefficient of variation) typical of modern zooxanthellate corals. Paradoxically, some Carnian taxa (Thamnasteriomorpha frechi and Thamnasteriomorphasp.)with highly integrated thamnasterioid colonies which today are formed exclusively by zooxanthellate corals, showed irregular fine-scale growth bands (coefficient of variation of 40% and 41% respectively) that could suggest their asymbiotic status. However, similar irregular skeletal banding is known also in some modern agariciids (Leptoseris fragilis) which are symbiotic with zooxanthellae. This may point to a similar ecological adaptation of Triassic taxa with thamnasterioid colonies. Contrary to occasionally ambiguous interpretation of growth banding, all examined Carnian corals exhibited lack of distinct correlation between carbon (δ13C range between 0.81‰ and 5.81‰) and oxygen (δ18O values range between −4.21‰ and −1.06‰) isotope composition of the skeleton which is consistent with similar pattern in modern zooxanthellates. It is therefore highly likely, that Carnian scleractinian corals exhibited analogous ecological adaptations as modern symbiotic corals and that coral-algal symbiosis that spread across various clades of Scleractinia preceded the reef bloom at the end of the Triassic.

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Kambey, Alex D. "The Growth of Hard Coral (Acropora sp.) Transplants in Coral Reef of Malalayang Waters, North Sulawesi, Indonesia." JURNAL ILMIAH PLATAX 1, no. 4 (February 20, 2014): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jip.1.4.2013.3703.

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Main coral reef building components, Scleractinian corals, has the highest distribution in Indonesia, at least 590 species known of 793 species in the world. Studies on damaged coral community transplantation have been done to observe their growth and adaptation ability. A four-month observation found that average length increment at 9 M deep was linearly 0.375 cm, 0.632 cm, and 0.732 cm at the first, second, and third month, respectively, at 6 M deep, it was 0.455 cm, 0.689 cm, and 1.012 cm, at the first, second and third month, respectively, and at 3 M deep, it was 0.55 cm, 1.05 cm and 1.1, at the first, second, and thrid month, respectively. Mean relative length increment at 9 M deep occurred every month as much as 4.25%, 8.23%, and 9.86% at the first, second, and third month, respectively. Similarly, it occurred in 6 M deep, 4.12%, 9.14%, and 11.28% at the first, second, and third month, respectively. However, at 3 M deep, it occurred only at the first and second month, 7.33% and 12.73%, while it declined at the third month, 11.7%. Keywords : Ecosystems, Coral Reef, Scleractinia, Malalayang, Manado

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Kawakami, Rei, Takahiro Taguchi, Joshua Vacarizas, Masumi Ito, Takuma Mezaki, Akira Tominaga, and Satoshi Kubota. "Karyotypic analysis and isolation of four DNA markers of the scleractinian coral Favites pentagona (Esper, 1795) (Scleractinia, Anthozoa, Cnidaria)." Comparative Cytogenetics 16, no. 1 (April 5, 2022): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v16.i1.79953.

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We performed conventional and molecular cytogenetic studies on the Favites pentagona Esper, 1795, a scleractinian coral mostly found along the west coast of Japan. Karyotype analysis of F. pentagona by G-banding revealed a karyogram containing a homogenously staining region (HSR) on chromosome 10 in more than 50% of the examined metaphase spreads. This HSR consisted of sequences from 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, as demonstrated by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and DNA sequencing. We highlighted the development of four chromosomal FISH markers from repetitive genes such as U2 small nuclear RNA linked to 5S rRNA sequence (U2 snRNA-5S), 18S rRNA, histone H3, and uncharacterized gene FP-9X. The chromosomal locations of the U2 snRNA-5S and 18S RNA were on the terminal end of long arm of chromosomes 2 and 10, respectively, while the histone H3 and the uncharacterized gene were located near the centromeres of chromosomes 1 and 9, respectively. These FISH markers will improve the karyotyping of F. pentagona from mitotic preparations which helps in widening our understanding of coral genetic structure and chromosome organization. In addition, these improvements in karyotyping will provide the basis in constructing of chromosome-level genome assembly for F. pentagona.

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Os’kina, N. S., N. B. Keller, and S. D. Nikolaev. "The assessment of the age of scleractinian coral species (Anthozoa: Scleractinia) based on the temperature ranges of their habitat." Oceanology 50, no. 6 (December 2010): 975–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0001437010060184.

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Nemésio, André. "Machadoporites (Coelenterata: Scleractinia), a new generic name for Calathiscus Claereboudt & Al-Amri." Lundiana: International Journal of Biodiversity 6, sup. (November 4, 2005): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.35699/2675-5327.2005.22119.

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Machadoporites nom. nov. is proposed for Calathiscus Claereboudt & Al-Amri, 2004 (Coelenterata: Scleractinia: Poritidae), preoccupied by Calathiscus Sollas, 1883 (Porifera: Hexactinellida: Lychniscosida: Ventriculitidae). Keywords: Calathiscus, homonymy, Lychniscosida, Machadoporites, Poritidae, Scleractinia Ventriculitidae.

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Wagner, Daniel, Xavier Pochon, Leslie Irwin, Robert J. Toonen, and Ruth D. Gates. "Azooxanthellate? Most Hawaiian black corals contain Symbiodinium." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1710 (October 20, 2010): 1323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.1681.

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The ecological success of shallow-water reef-building corals (Hexacorallia: Scleractinia) is framed by their intimate endosymbiosis with photosynthetic dinoflagellates in the genus Symbiodinium (zooxanthellae). In contrast, the closely related black corals (Hexacorallia: Anthipatharia) are described as azooxanthellate (lacking Symbiodinium ), a trait thought to reflect their preference for low-light environments that do not support photosynthesis. We examined 14 antipatharian species collected between 10 and 396 m from Hawai'i and Johnston Atoll for the presence of Symbiodinium using molecular typing and histology. Symbiodinium internal transcribed spacer-2 (ITS-2) region sequences were retrieved from 43 per cent of the antipatharian samples and 71 per cent of the examined species, and across the entire depth range. The ITS-2 sequences were identical or very similar to those commonly found in shallow-water scleractinian corals throughout the Pacific. Histological analyses revealed low densities of Symbiodinium cells inside antipatharian gastrodermal tissues (0–92 cells mm −3 ), suggesting that the Symbiodinium are endosymbiotic. These findings confirm that the capacity to engage in endosymbiosis with Symbiodinium is evolutionarily conserved across the cnidarian subclass Hexacorallia, and that antipatharians associate with Symbiodinium types found in shallow-water scleractinians. This study represents the deepest record for Symbiodinium to date, and suggests that some members of this dinoflagellate genus have extremely diverse habitat preferences and broad environmental ranges.

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Arrigoni, Roberto, Michael Lee Berumen, Tullia Isotta Terraneo, Annalisa Caragnano, Jessica Bouwmeester, and Francesca Benzoni. "Forgotten in the taxonomic literature: resurrection of the scleractinian coral genusSclerophyllia(Scleractinia, Lobophylliidae) from the Arabian Peninsula and its phylogenetic relationships." Systematics and Biodiversity 13, no. 2 (December 2, 2014): 140–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2014.978915.

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Liu, Yunqing, Xin Liao, Tingyu Han, Ao Su, Zhuojun Guo, Na Lu, Chunpeng He, and Zuhong Lu. "Full-Length Transcriptome Sequencing of the Scleractinian Coral Montipora foliosa Reveals the Gene Expression Profile of Coral–Zooxanthellae Holobiont." Biology 10, no. 12 (December 5, 2021): 1274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10121274.

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Coral–zooxanthellae holobionts are one of the most productive ecosystems in the ocean. With global warming and ocean acidification, coral ecosystems are facing unprecedented challenges. To save the coral ecosystems, we need to understand the symbiosis of coral–zooxanthellae. Although some Scleractinia (stony corals) transcriptomes have been sequenced, the reliable full-length transcriptome is still lacking due to the short-read length of second-generation sequencing and the uncertainty of the assembly results. Herein, PacBio Sequel II sequencing technology polished with the Illumina RNA-seq platform was used to obtain relatively complete scleractinian coral M. foliosa transcriptome data and to quantify M. foliosa gene expression. A total of 38,365 consensus sequences and 20,751 unique genes were identified. Seven databases were used for the gene function annotation, and 19,972 genes were annotated in at least one database. We found 131 zooxanthellae transcripts and 18,829 M. foliosa transcripts. A total of 6328 lncRNAs, 847 M. foliosa transcription factors (TFs), and 2 zooxanthellae TF were identified. In zooxanthellae we found pathways related to symbiosis, such as photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism. Pathways related to symbiosis in M. foliosa include oxidative phosphorylation and nitrogen metabolism, etc. We summarized the isoforms and expression level of the symbiont recognition genes. Among the membrane proteins, we found three pathways of glycan biosynthesis, which may be involved in the organic matter storage and monosaccharide stabilization in M. foliosa. Our results provide better material for studying coral symbiosis.

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Huang, Danwei, Rudolf Meier, Peter A. Todd, and Loke Ming Chou. "More evidence for pervasive paraphyly in scleractinian corals: Systematic study of Southeast Asian Faviidae (Cnidaria; Scleractinia) based on molecular and morphological data." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 50, no. 1 (January 2009): 102–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2008.10.012.

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Purser, Autun, Covadonga Orejas, Annika Moje, and Laurenz Thomsen. "The influence of flow velocity and suspended particulate concentration on net prey capture rates by the scleractinian coral Balanophyllia europaea (Scleractinia: Dendrophylliidae)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 94, no. 4 (February 14, 2014): 687–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315414000046.

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Balanophyllia europaea is an endemic Mediterranean sublittoral zooxanthellate solitary coral. Given the broad distribution of the species throughout many areas of the Mediterranean surprisingly little is known of preferred habitat niches or susceptibility of the species to environmental change. In this study we investigated in the laboratory the net prey capture rates of the coral achievable under a range of flow velocities (2.5, 5, 7.5 and 15 cm s−1) and under exposure to different suspended particulate concentrations (0, 7.3 and 170 mg l−1). In recirculation flumes we simulated both commonly occurring and the occasionally high flow velocities and various suspended particulate concentrations reported from the Gulf of Lions (north-west Mediterranean). We then delivered ca 500 A. salina nauplii l−1 as food (Artemia salina nauplii) to the flumes and monitored net prey capture over time. We found net prey capture rates by the species to be highest under flow velocities of 5 cm s−1, with 230 µg C coral individual−1 h−1 achieved. The presence or absence of even environmentally high particulate concentrations (up to 170 mg l−1 resuspended seabed material) did not significantly affect the net prey capture rates achieved by the coral polyps. We found that net prey capture in Balanophyllia europaea is not inhibited during periods of heavy particle exposure, as has been observed in other temperate scleractinian corals. Also, flow velocities of ca ~5 s−1 appear to be optimal for maximum net prey capture by the species.

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Luzon, Katrina S., Mei-Fang Lin, Ma Carmen A. Ablan Lagman, Wilfredo Roehl Y. Licuanan, and Chaolun Allen Chen. "Resurrecting a subgenus to genus: molecular phylogeny ofEuphylliaandFimbriaphyllia(order Scleractinia; family Euphyllidae; clade V)." PeerJ 5 (December 4, 2017): e4074. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4074.

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BackgroundThe corallum is crucial in building coral reefs and in diagnosing systematic relationships in the order Scleractinia. However, molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed a paraphyly in a majority of traditional families and genera among Scleractinia showing that other biological attributes of the coral, such as polyp morphology and reproductive traits, are underutilized. Among scleractinian genera, theEuphyllia, with nine nominal species in the Indo-Pacific region, is one of the groups that await phylogenetic resolution. Multiple genetic markers were used to construct the phylogeny of sixEuphylliaspecies, namelyE. ancora, E. divisa, E. glabrescens, E. paraancora, E. paradivisa,andE. yaeyamaensis.The phylogeny guided the inferences on the contributions of the colony structure, polyp morphology, and life history traits to the systematics of the largest genus in Euphyllidae (clade V) and, by extension, to the rest of clade V.ResultsAnalyses of cytochrome oxidase 1 (cox1), cytochrome b (cytb), and β-tubulin genes of 36 colonies representingEuphylliaand a confamilial species,Galaxea fascicularis,reveal two distinct groups in theEuphylliathat originated from different ancestors.Euphyllia glabrescensformed a separate group.Euphyllia ancora, E. divisa, E. paraancora, E. paradivisa,andE. yaeyamaensisclustered together and diverged from the same ancestor asG. fascicularis.The 3′-end of thecox1gene ofEuphylliawas able to distinguish morphospecies.DiscussionSpecies ofEuphylliawere traditionally classified into two subgenera,EuphylliaandFimbriaphyllia,which represented a dichotomy on colony structure. The paraphyletic groups retained the original members of the subgenera providing a strong basis for recognizingFimbriaphylliaas a genus. However, colony structure was found to be a convergent trait betweenEuphylliaandFimbriaphyllia,while polyp shape and length, sexuality, and reproductive mode defined the dichotomy better. Species in a genus are distinguished by combining polyp morphology and colony form. The cluster ofE. glabrescensof theEuphylliagroup is a hermaphroditic brooder with long, tubular tentacles with knob-like tips, and a phaceloid colony structure. TheFimbriaphylliagroup, withF. paraancora, F. paradivisa, F. ancora, F. divisa,andF. yaeyamaensis,are gonochoric broadcast spawners with short polyps, mixed types of tentacle shapes, and a phaceloid or flabello-meandroid skeleton. Soft-tissue morphology ofG. fascicularisandCtenella chagiuswere found to be consistent with the dichotomy.ConclusionsThe paraphyly of the original members of the previous subgenera justify recognizingFimbriaphylliaas a genus. The integrated approach demonstrates that combining polyp features, reproductive traits, and skeletal morphology is of high systematic value not just toEuphylliaandFimbriaphylliabut also to clade V; thus, laying the groundwork for resolving the phylogeny of clade V.

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Berezovsky, A. A., and T. Yu Satanovska. "Genus Lithophyllon (Scleractinia) in the Middle Eocene of Kryvyi Rih." Geology and mineralogy bulletin of Kryvyi Rih National University 43-44, no. 1-2 (March 10, 2021): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31721/2306-5443-2020-43-44-1-2-105-113.

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На основе изучения комплекса кораллов из среднеэоценовых песков карьера Ингулецкого горнообогатительного комбината (г. Кривой Рог) выделен и опи-сан новый вид представителей рода Lithophyllon – L. lacer.

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Mihaljević, Morana, Chelsea Korpanty, Willem Renema, Kevin Welsh, and John M. Pandolfi. "Identifying patterns and drivers of coral diversity in the Central Indo-Pacific marine biodiversity hotspot." Paleobiology 43, no. 3 (April 18, 2017): 343–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pab.2017.1.

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AbstractBiodiversity hotspots are increasingly recognized as areas of high taxonomic and functional diversity. These hotspots are dynamic and shift geographically over time in response to environmental change. To identify drivers of the origin, evolution, and persistence of diversity hotspots, we investigated the diversity patterns of reef-building corals (Scleractinia) in the Central Indo-Pacific, a marine biodiversity hotspot for the last 25 Myr. We used the scleractinian fossil record (based on literature and a newly acquired fossil collection) to examine the taxonomic and functional diversity of corals from the Eocene to Pliocene. Our data identify potential drivers of coral diversity through time (and space) in the Central Indo-Pacific by constraining the timing of taxonomic turnover events and correlating them with known environmental changes. Increases in taxonomic diversity, high origination rates, and changes in abundance of functional character states indicate that the origin of the Central Indo-Pacific hotspot occurred during the Oligocene, initially through proliferation of pre-existing taxa and then by origination of new taxa. In contrast to taxonomic diversity, overall functional diversity of Central Indo-Pacific reef-building corals remained constant from the Eocene to the Pliocene. Our results identify global sea level as a main driver of diversity increase that, together with local tectonics, regulates availability of suitable habitats. Moreover, marine biodiversity hotspots develop from both the accumulation of taxa from older biodiversity hotspots and origination of new taxa. Our study demonstrates the utility of a combined literature-based and new collection approach for gaining new insights into the timing, drivers, and development of tropical biodiversity hotspots.

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Acosta, Alberto, Luisa F. Dueñas, and Valeria Pizarro. "Review on hard coral recruitment (Cnidaria: Scleractinia) in Colombia." Universitas Scientiarum 16, no. 3 (November 1, 2011): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.sc16-3.rohc.

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AbstractRecruitment, defined and measured as the incorporation of new individuals (i.e. coral juveniles) into a population, is a fundamental process for ecologists, evolutionists and conservationists due to its direct effect on population structure and function. Because most coral populations are self-feeding, a breakdown in recruitment would lead to local extinction. Recruitment indirectly affects both renewal and maintenance of existing and future coral communities, coral reef biodiversity (bottom-up effect) and therefore coral reef resilience. This process has been used as an indirect measure of individual reproductive success (fitness) and is the final stage of larval dispersal leading to population connectivity. As a result, recruitment has been proposed as an indicator of coral-reef health in marine protected areas, as well as a central aspect of the decision-making process concerning management and conservation. The creation of management plans to promote impact mitigation, rehabilitation and conservation of the Colombian coral reefs is a necessity that requires firstly, a review and integration of existing literature on scleractinian coral recruitment in Colombia and secondly, larger scale field studies. This motivated us to summarize and analyze all existing information on coral recruitment to determine the state of knowledge, isolate patterns, identify gaps, and suggest future lines of research.Key words: Recruitment, juvenile, coral, Scleractinia, structure, reef, Colombia, density, richness, monitoring.

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Nurhasima, Aditya Hikmat Nugraha, and Dedy Kurniawan. "HARD CORAL (SCLERACTINIA) RECRUITMENT BASED ON THE GEOMORPHOLOGY ZONE IN BINTAN ISLAND WATERS, RIAU ISLANDS." Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis 13, no. 2 (August 31, 2021): 269–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jitkt.v13i2.34551.

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The health of coral reef ecosystems can be seen through the emergence of coral recruitment. Aim of this research was to compared the scleractinia coral recruitment list based on genus, life form, and variations in size of the scleractinia coral recuit in the waters of Kampung Baru Lagoi and Teluk Bakau Village, Bintan Regency by geomorfology zone. The research was conducted using a Purposive sampling method in consideration of the presence of scleractinia coral in reef flat and reef slope areas using a 1x1 m square frame mounted along a 70 m transverse line parallel to the shoreline. Research has found 164 colonies of 24 genus dominated by Favia and Favites. Based on the most extensive life form of Coral encrusting and Coral massive variations in size 4.5-6 cm or medium category. The results of t test showed that the geomorphological differences in the research locations did not have a significant impact on the abundance of corals recruitment

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LUNA ORTEGA, IVONNE, and VICENCIO DE LA CRUZ FRANCISCO. "ENSAMBLES DE MACROALGAS SOBRE SUPERFICIES MUERTAS DE CORALES ESCLERACTINIOS (ANTHOZOA: SCLERACTINIA) EN EL ARRECIFE ORO VERDE, VERACRUZ, MÉXICO." CICIMAR Oceánides 32, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37543/oceanides.v32i1.192.

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Las macroalgas son abundantes en el arrecife Oro Verde, Veracruz pero, hasta ahora, se desconocía su riqueza taxonómica, y se presume que presentan asentamientos en los corales escleractinios hermatípicos. Por ello el presente trabajo investigó qué especies de corales presentaron colonizaciones algales; además, se determinó la composición taxonómica y la similitud de los ensambles de macroalgas entre las especies de corales escleractinios. Se establecieron diez puntos de muestreo de manera sistemática en el arrecife; en cada lugar de estudio se colocó un transecto de banda de 50 x 2 m para localizar y recolectar macroalgas en superficies muertas de corales escleractinios. La frecuencia de aparición de las algas se estimó con base en el total de corales estudiados, así como para cada especie coral. Para explicar similitudes y diferencias significativas de la composición de ensamblajes macroalgales entre especies de corales se aplicaron análisis de similitud y ordenación. Los corales escleractinios con ensambles de algas fueron Siderastrea siderea, Montastraea cavernosa, Pseudodiploria strigosa, Colpophylia natans, Stephanocoenia intersepta, Porites astreoides, Orbicella annularis, Orbicella faveolata. De un total de 100 colonias coralinas revisadas se determinaron 32 especies de macroalgas, las cuales están representadas en tres divisiones, 10 órdenes y 15 familias. Las macroalgas corticadas, foliosas corticadas y filamentosas fueron las más representadas en especies. Las algas de mayor frecuencia sobre los corales masivos fueron Laurencia obtusa, Amphiroa rigida y Caulerpa chemnitzia. Los corales masivos con mayor número de registros de algas fueron S. siderea (9 especies), M. cavernosa (19) y P. strigosa (17). Los ensambles algales en los corales masivos presentaron baja similitud, sin embargo no se detectaron grupos significativamente disimiles. Solamente S. siderea y M. cavernosa son ligeramente parecidos en la composición ficológica. Los resultados sugieren que los corales masivos del arrecife Oro Verde son vulnerables a la colonización de algas, pero es necesario indagar qué condiciones preceden al asentamiento algal.Macroalgal assemblages on dead surfaces of scleractinian corals (Anthozoa: Scleractinia) in the Oro Verde reef, Veracruz, MexicoBenthic macroalgae are abundant in the Oro Verde reef but their taxonomic richness was hitherto unknown and it is presumed to present settlements on the massive corals. For this reason, the present work investigated which species of massive corals show algal colonization. Also, their taxonomic composition was determined, and the similarity of the algal assemblages between species of scleractinian corals was measured. Ten sampling points were systematically established in the reef, where a transect band of 50 x 2 m at each site was placed to locate and collect algae fron the dead surfaces of scleractinian corals. The frequency of occurrence of algae species was estimated based on the total number of coral species studied, as well as on each coral species. Similarity and ordination analysis were applied in order to explain similarities and significant differences of the phycological composition among the coral species. Scleractinian corals with algal assemblages were: Siderastrea siderea, Montastraea cavernosa, Pseudodiploria strigosa, Colpophylia natans, Stephanocoenia intersepta, Porites astreoides, Orbicella annularis, Orbicella faveolata. Thirty-two species of algae were identified from a total of 100 revised coral colonies which are represented in 3 divisions, 10 orders and 15 families. The corticated, foliose corticated and filamentous macroalgae were the most represented species. The most frequent algae on massive corals were Laurencia obtusa, Amphiroa rigida and Caulerpa chemnitzia. Massive corals with higher algal records were S. siderea (9 species), M. cavernosa (19 species) and P. strigosa (17 species). The algal assemblages on the massive corals presented low similarity. However, no significant dissimilar groups were detected. Only S. siderea and M. cavernosa are relatively similar in phycological composition. The results suggest that the massive corals of the Oro Verde reef are vulnerable to the colonization of algae, but it is necessary to investigate the conditions preceding algal settlement.

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Rifai, Husen, Carolus P. Paruntu, and Janny D. Kusen. "Nematosit Karang Scleractinia, Pocillopora eydouxi." JURNAL PESISIR DAN LAUT TROPIS 1, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jplt.1.3.2013.2586.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tipe, komposisi, dan dimensi nematosit dari Karang Scleractinia, Pocillopora eydouxi. Pocillopora eydouxi yang digunakan dalam studi ini berasal dari Pantai Malalayang, Manado. Dua tipe nematosit utama ditemukan pada Pocillopora eydouxi, yaitu holotrichous isorhizas (HI) dan microbasic p-mastigophore (MpM). Komposisi nematosit memperlihatkan bahwa HI lebih berlimpah dari MpM. Tipe HI memiliki panjang kapsul 63,38 ± 11,36 µm (mean ± SD) dan lebar kapsul 19,25 ± 4,60 µm (mean ± SD), sedangkan MpM memiliki panjang kapsul 27,05 ± 3,68 µm (mean ± SD), lebar kapsul 7,05 ± 1,88 µm (mean ± SD) dan panjang tangkai 19,59 ± 4,67 µm (mean ± SD). Hasil studi menyimpulkan bahwa Pocillopora eydouxi memiliki dua tipe nematosit utama, yaitu HI dan MpM, dan mengusulkan untuk diteliti lebih lanjut peranan dari ke dua tipe nematosit tersebut.

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Cairns, Stephen D. "Species richness of recent Scleractinia." Atoll Research Bulletin 459 (1999): 1–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.00775630.459.1.

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Yamashiro, Hideyuki, and Moritaka Nishira. "Phototaxis in Fungiidae corals (Scleractinia)." Marine Biology 124, no. 3 (December 1995): 461–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00363920.

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Morycowa, Elżbieta, and Joachim Szulc. "New family Eckastraeidae, Scleractinia (Middle Triassic, Peri-Tethys, Central Europe)." Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Monatshefte 2006, no. 12 (January 25, 2007): 721–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpm/2006/2007/721.

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De la Cruz -Francisco, Vicencio, Marlene González -González, and Itzel Morales -Quijano. "INVENTARIO TAXONÓMICO DE HYDROZOA (ORDEN: ANTHOATHECATA) Y ANTHOZOA (SUBCLASES: HEXACORALLIA Y OCTOCORALLIA) DEL ARRECIFE ENMEDIO, SISTEMA ARRECIFAL LOBOS-TUXPAN." CICIMAR Oceánides 31, no. 1 (June 24, 2016): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37543/oceanides.v31i1.157.

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Se presenta el primer inventario de corales, octocorales y anémonas para el arrecife Enmedio, ecosistema que forma parte del Sistema Arrecifal Lobos-Tuxpan (SALT). La información fue recabada de abril 2014 a noviembre 2015, realizando muestreos aleatorios en cinco sitios de las zonas de sotavento, planicie y barlovento. Las zonas arrecifales se caracterizaron mediante el número de especies registradas; y con base en el índice de Jaccard se determinaron diferencias/semejanzas. Se registró un total de 46 especies, las cuales están representadas por dos clases, seis órdenes, 25 familias y 31 géneros. El Orden Scleractinia fue el más diverso en especies. Se amplía el ámbito de distribución de Palythoa grandis y Eunicea mammosa para el suroeste del Golfo de México. Se adicionan 10 especies de anémonas y cinco de corales escleractinios como nuevos registros para el SALT. Las zonas arrecifales son disímiles en composición de especies y definen una marcada zonación, siendo sotavento la más importante por concentrar mayor riqueza de especies, atributo que decrece hacia barlovento. El arrecife Enmedio se considera importante en riqueza de especies y amerita especial atención al presentar tres especies con estatus de protección especial (Acropora cervicornis, Acropora palmata y Plexaurella dichotoma) de acuerdo a la Norma Oficial Mexicana. Taxonomic inventory of Hydrozoa (Order: Anthoathecata) and Anthozoa (Subclass: Hexacorallia, Octocorallia) of the Enmedio reef, Lobos-Tuxpan Reef System The present work reports the first inventory of corals, sea anemones, zoanthids and octocorals of the Enmedio reef, ecosystem that is part of the Lobos-Tuxpan Reef System. The information was gathered during the April 2014-November 2015 period. Five sampling sites were established in the leeward, flatland and windward area. At each site random surveys were carried out to record species. The reef areas were characterized by considering the number of species recorded and using the Jaccard index to determine differences/similarities. A total of 46 species were recorded, which are represented by two classes, six orders, 25 families and 31 genera. The order Scleractinia was the most diverse in species. There is an extension in the distribution range of Palythoa grandis and Eunicea mammosa for the southwest Gulf of México. Ten species of sea anemones and five species of scleractinian corals were added as new records to the Lobos-Tuxpan Reef System. The reef areas are dissimilar in species composition and define a marked zonation. The leeward zone had the most importance because it has the highest species richness, an attribute that decreases towards the windward zone. The Enmedio reef is considered important in species diversity and merits special attention because it includes three species with special protection status (Acropora cervicornis, Acropora palmata y Plexaurella dichotoma) according to Mexican laws.

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Hoeksema, Bert W., Jaaziel E. García-Hernández, Godfried W. N. M. van Moorsel, Gabriël Olthof, and Harry A. ten Hove. "Extension of the Recorded Host Range of Caribbean Christmas Tree Worms (Spirobranchus spp.) with Two Scleractinians, a Zoantharian, and an Ascidian." Diversity 12, no. 3 (March 21, 2020): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12030115.

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Caribbean Christmas tree worms (Annelida: Polychaeta: Serpulidae: Spirobranchus) are considered host generalists in their associations with anthozoan (Scleractinia) and hydrozoan (Millepora) stony corals [...]

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Xu, Wei, Shuangshuang Guo, Linfeng Gong, Siti Aisyah Alias, Ka-Lai Pang, and Zhu-Hua Luo. "Phylogenetic survey and antimicrobial activity of cultivable fungi associated with five scleractinian coral species in the South China Sea." Botanica Marina 61, no. 1 (January 26, 2018): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bot-2017-0005.

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AbstractRelative to that of sponges, the diversity of fungi associated with corals, and their ecological roles, remain largely unknown. In this study, we surveyed culturable diversity and screened antimicrobial activity of spent culture liquid of fungi associated with five scleractinian corals collected in the South China Sea. In total, 123 fungal isolates were obtained, which were identified to 31 taxa in 23 genera from two phyla (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) by comparing their ITS rDNA sequences with the reference sequences in GenBank. Specifically, eight genera of the Ascomycota (Periconia,Arthrinium,Engyodontium,Lasiodiplodia,Hortaea,Devriesia,CyphellophoraandCadophora) and six genera of the Basidiomycota (Rhodosporidium,Panus,Trametes,Schizophyllum,TrichosporonandCystobasidium) are new records for corals. The fungal communities in the five scleractinian coral species, together with those from previous studies, indicate that a high level of fungal diversity is associated with scleractinian corals. The antimicrobial activities of spent culture liquid of 31 selected fungal species were tested against five marine pathogenic bacteria. This study contributes to our knowledge of scleractinian coral-associated fungi and their potential as sources of pharmaceutical drug leads for pathogenic bacteria.

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Medina, M., A. G. Collins, T. L. Takaoka, J. V. Kuehl, and J. L. Boore. "Naked corals: Skeleton loss in Scleractinia." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103, no. 24 (June 5, 2006): 9096–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0602444103.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Scleractini'

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