Journal articles: 'Scion interaction'

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Tedesco, Sara, Alexander Erban, Saurabh Gupta, Joachim Kopka, Pedro Fevereiro, Friedrich Kragler, and Ana Pina. "The Impact of Metabolic Scion–Rootstock Interactions in Different Grapevine Tissues and Phloem Exudates." Metabolites 11, no. 6 (May 30, 2021): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo11060349.

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In viticulture, grafting is used to propagate Phylloxera-susceptible European grapevines, thereby using resistant American rootstocks. Although scion–rootstock reciprocal signaling is essential for the formation of a proper vascular union and for coordinated growth, our knowledge of graft partner interactions is very limited. In order to elucidate the scale and the content of scion–rootstock metabolic interactions, we profiled the metabolome of eleven graft combination in leaves, stems, and phloem exudate from both above and below the graft union 5–6 months after grafting. We compared the metabolome of scions vs. rootstocks of homografts vs. heterografts and investigated the reciprocal effect of the rootstock on the scion metabolome. This approach revealed that (1) grafting has a minor impact on the metabolome of grafted grapevines when tissues and genotypes were compared, (2) heterografting affects rootstocks more than scions, (3) the presence of a heterologous grafting partner increases defense-related compounds in both scion and rootstocks in shorter and longer distances from the graft, and (4) leaves were revealed as the best tissue to search for grafting-related metabolic markers. These results will provide a valuable metabolomics resource for scion–rootstock interaction studies and will facilitate future efforts on the identification of metabolic markers for important agronomic traits in grafted grapevines.

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Gurusamy, V., T. D. Warkentin, and A. Vandenberg. "Grafting pea, faba bean, and lentil to improve pulse crop breeding." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 92, no. 1 (January 2012): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2011-124.

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Gurusamy, V., Warkentin, T. D. and Vandenberg, A. 2012. Grafting pea, faba bean, and lentil to improve pulse crop breeding. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 31–38. In vivo grafting experiments were conducted to determine their potential for improving pulse crop breeding techniques for pea, faba bean and lentil. Four scion×five rootstock genotype combinations were used for pea. Survival of grafted pea scions was not affected by genotype of scions or rootstocks, even for wild subspecies. Some scion-rootstock combinations resulted in reduced flowering time for scions. Total seed production of rootstock regrowth plus grafted scion was greater than for ungrafted controls or rooted cuttings. For faba bean, four scion×four rootstock combinations showed scion-rootstock interaction affected percent survival and flowering time of grafted scions. In vivo grafting of lentil scions to faba bean rootstocks is reported for the first time. Two lentil genotypes were grafted onto four faba bean rootstocks. The effects of lentil scion and faba bean rootstock genotype were significant for percent survival, but not for seed production. Percent scion survival was 85% for pea, 56% for faba bean, and 55% for lentil scions on faba bean rootstocks. In vivo grafting techniques can help to maximize the size of F2 populations for breeding and genetic studies. Intergeneric in vivo grafting of lentil onto faba bean rootstock could be useful for interspecific hybridization studies for lentil.

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Karunakaran, R., and R. V. J. Ilango. "Grafting influence on productivity and drought tolerance of tea clones." Journal of Agricultural Science 157, no. 03 (April 2019): 217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859619000480.

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AbstractGrafting of fresh cuttings using drought-susceptible and low-yielding clones as scions on drought-tolerant clones as rootstocks offers the possibility of raising composite plants with improved productivity and drought tolerance. Hence, the study was aimed to widen the choice of compatible composites and to delineate the underlying factors responsible for productivity and drought tolerance in grafted plants. One year-old composite plants of TRF-1, TRF-2 and UPASI-28 cleft-grafted on the rootstocks of UPASI-2, UPASI-9, ATK-1 and TRI-2025 were field planted along with their respective controls and evaluated. The results indicated that productivity and drought tolerance of scion clones varied significantly with the rootstocks used. Significant increases in yield and yield components were noted in the following graft combinations compared with their corresponding self-rooted scion clones: TRF-1 grafted on UPASI-9 and ATK-1, TRF-2 grafted on all four rootstocks, and UPASI-28 grafted on UPASI-9, TRI-2025 and UPASI-2. The findings clearly emphasize the scion–rootstock interaction as the critical determinant of productivity in grafted plants compared with vigour, drought tolerance and yield potential of scion and rootstock clones. Further, high-yielding capacity of grafts over the ungrafted scions and rootstocks was largely dependent on the yield potential of the scion clone and the degree of scion–rootstock compatibility. Higher field survival and enhanced yield observed during the drought period in the compatible grafts demonstrated their better drought tolerance compared with their respective self-rooted scions.

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Larsen, Fenton E., and Stewart S. Higgins. "GROWTH AND FRUIT PRODUCTION OF YOUNG MICROPROPAGATED APPLE (MALUS DOMESTICA BORKH.) TREES." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 637f—637. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.637f.

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Tree size, cumulative yield, yield efficiency and anchorage of 6 micropropagated (MP) apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars were determined in 1991 after 5 years of production, as compared with trees on seedling (sdlg) or M 7a roots. Trees were planted in 1984, with crops harvested from 1987 through 1991. Trees were generally smallest (trunk cross-sectional area) on M 7a and were largest with 4 cultivars (`Delicious', `Jonathan', `Rome', `Spartan') when micropropagated. `Golden Delicious' (GD) was largest on sdlg. Cumulative yield was affected by a scion × rootstock interaction, with few trends in scion or rootstock effects. Mean cumulative yield was 84 kg tree-1, 71 and 58 for M 7a, MP and sdlg, respectively. Yield efficiency was also affected by a scion × rootstock interaction. In 1991, mean yield efficiency was 0.5 kg cm-2 for sdlg and MP trees, but was 1.05 for M 7a. Efficiency on M 7a was superior to other rootstocks with all scions except `GD', while sdlg and MP trees were statistically similar with all scions. All trees leaned in response to prevailing westerly winds, with trees on sdlg tending to be more upright than MP or M 7a trees.

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Shivran, Mukesh, Nimisha Sharma, Anil Kumar Dubey, Sanjay Kumar Singh, Neha Sharma, Radha Mohan Sharma, Narendra Singh, and Rakesh Singh. "Scion–Rootstock Relationship: Molecular Mechanism and Quality Fruit Production." Agriculture 12, no. 12 (November 28, 2022): 2036. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12122036.

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Most tree fruits are commercially grown on different root systems, hence called composite plants. The section provides the root system as the rootstock, and the atop ground portion is called the scion. The combination is selected based on different traits of scion varieties, rootstock, and prevailing edaphic situations. The dated back plant propagation technique of joining two plants (grafting/budding) that directly communicates new physiological traits to the desirable scion variety from the rootstock remains unclear. In spite of this, this propagation technique continues widely applied in the multiplication of several fruit plant species. In a grafted plant, rootstocks impacted the scion variety’s growth, yield and quality attributes, physiology, nutrient accumulation as well as biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in many ways. Modern research in plant science for next-generation sequencing providing new vital information about the molecular interactions in composite plants multiplied using grafting. Now it was confirmed that genetic exchange is occurring between rootstock and scion variety through grafting joints. In this aspect, we discuss the process and the molecular mechanism of rootstock scion interactions. This review finally explains the dynamics of rootstock–scion interactions as well as their effect on physiology in terms of production, environmental stresses, and fruit quality. The morphological, physiochemical, and molecular mechanisms have been reviewed to develop an integrated understanding of this unknowable process that questions existing genetic paradigms. The present review summarizes the reported molecular mechanism between scion and rootstock and the impact of rootstocks on the production biology of scion varieties of economically important fruit crops and identifies numerous key points to consider when conducting rootstock scion interaction experiments. Rootstocks may offer a non-transgenic approach to rapidly respond to the changing environment and expand agricultural production of perennial fruit crops where grafting is possible in order to meet the global demand for fruit, food, and demands of the future.

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Marè, C., E. Mica, and L. Cattivelli. "Molecular advances in rootstock-scion interaction in grapevine." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1136 (July 2016): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2016.1136.21.

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Kocsis, L., E. Tarczal, and G. Molnár Kocsisné. "Grape rootstock-scion interaction on root system development." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1136 (July 2016): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2016.1136.4.

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Shivran, Mukesh, Nimisha Sharma, Anil Kumar Dubey, Sanjay Kumar Singh, Neha Sharma, Vignesh Muthusamy, Maneesh Jain, et al. "Scion/Rootstock Interaction Studies for Quality Traits in Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Varieties." Agronomy 13, no. 1 (January 9, 2023): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13010204.

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To explore the quality rootstocks which impart better quality fruits in mango varieties, we studied the interactive effect of the scion and rootstock using five mango varieties (Mallika, Amrapali, Dashehari, Pusa Arunima, and Pusa Surya) grafted on three rootstocks (Olour, Kurukkan, and K-5). A total of 25 physico-chemical parameters were studied in the five grafted varieties viz., fruit weight, yield efficiency, fruit per plant, pulp percent, total soluble solids (TSS), acidity, physiological loss in weight (PLW), peel thickness, respiration rate, etc., and were found to be altered through scion–rootstock interaction. Among the five mango varieties, Olour rootstock proved best to improve the fruit quality and shelf life using the grafting approach. Physico-chemical-traits-based clustering was unable to precisely group scion varieties according to their grafting rootstock. A total of 35 shelf-life specific markers were designed from ripening genes, such as expansin, polygalactouranase, ethylene insensitive, ethylene sensitive, etc. Of these specific primers, 24 showed polymorphism among the studied genotypes. The gene diversity (GD), allele per locus (An), polymorphism information content (PIC), and major allele frequency (MAF) observed were 0.43, 2.00, 0.34, and 0.63, respectively. Cluster analysis clearly showed that scion grafted on Kurukkan and Olour rootstock, and scion varieties grafted on K-5 rootstock grouped together have more similarity. A total of eight simple sequence repeats loci (SSRs) markers were associated with eight physiological traits. Strong association of SSR loci NMSLC-12 and NMSLC-14 with yield efficiency and fruit weight were observed with a phenotypic variance of 85% and 70%, respectively.

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Anita Sari, Indah, and Agung Wahyu Susilo. "Keberhasilan sambungan pada beberapa jenis batang atas dan famili batang bawah kakao (Theobroma cocoa L.). (Grafting performance of some scion clones and root-stock family on cocoa (Theobroma cocoa L.)." Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) 28, no. 2 (August 31, 2012): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v28i2.200.

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Differences in performance of grafting seedling were estimated from effect of using the root-stock and scion clones. This research aimed to study the differences of performance of some root-stock and scion clones on grafting seedling. The study used split plot design. First factor was root-stock consisted of ICS 60, Sca 6, Sca 12 and KW 165 and the second factor were 12 scions clones consisted of ICCRI 01, ICCRI 04, ICCRI 05, DR 2, Sulawesi 1, Sulawesi 2, KW 516, KW 514, KW 617, KW 570, KEE 2, and KW 604. There were three replication in each treatment and each replication consisted of 15 samples. Viability, lingkage diameter, ratio of root-stock and scion, hight of shoot, number of leaves and shoot were observed. The study showed that differences of root-stock just affected viability, lingkage diameter, and high of shoot. Scion clones factor affected to all of the characters. Their interaction caused the differences of all characters except of the number of shoot. Root-stock Sca 6 showed the lowest viability and number of the shoot, however root-stock KW 165 and ICS 60 showed the best performance to all parameters. The cluster analysis was done based on growth parameters and viability on lingkage distance of 15. There were three clusters; cluster 1 (KW 570), cluster 2 (ICCRI 04, ICCRI 05, Sulawesi 1, Sulawesi 2, KW 514, KW 165) and cluster 3 (ICCRI 01, DR 2, KW 516, KW 617, KW 604). Correlation analysis showed that main factor which affected the high viability root-stock diameter and diameter ratio of root-stock and scion were used.

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Zakariyya, Fakhrusy, and Fitria Yuliasmara. "Top Grafting Performance of Some Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Clones as Affected by Scion Budwood Number." Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) 31, no. 3 (December 31, 2015): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v31i3.198.

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Reducing budwood number is an efficient effort to overcome problemsrelated with limited scion materials. The objective of this research was to studythe effect of scion budwood number in some clones on the performance of graftedcocoa seedlings. The research was conducted at Kaliwining Research Station,Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute, Jember, Indonesia at an elevationof 48 m above sea level. Layout for this study used factorial with 2 factors inrandomized complete block design, with four replications for every treatment.The first factor was clone type, namely MCC 02 and Sulawesi 1; whereas the secondfactor was number of grafted scion budwood, namely one, two, and three graftedbudwoods. There was no interaction between clone and number of scion budwoodfor variables of shoot length, stem girth, content of total chlorophyll, chlorophylla, and chlorophyll b. Meanwhile, there was interaction for stomatal conductanceand stomatal diffusion resistance. Clone significantly affected photosynthesisand stomatal diffusion resistance, while number of scion budwood affected significantlythe shoot length. Photosynthesis activity of MCC 02 was higher comparedto Sulawesi 1. In average, stomatal diffusion resistance of Sulawesi 1 was higherthan MCC 02. The shoot length of one grafted budwood was higher than thetwo or three grafted budwood.

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Kaserer, H., D. Blahous, and W. Brandes. "OPTIMIZING WINE GRAPE QUALITY BY CONSIDERING ROOTSTOCK-SCION INTERACTION." Acta Horticulturae, no. 427 (December 1996): 267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1996.427.31.

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., Samiullah, Syed Asghar Hussain ., Abdur Rab ., and Haji Mohammad . "Side Grafting and Various Scion Parts Interaction in Guava." Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 7, no. 7 (June 15, 2004): 1127–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2004.1127.1129.

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Gong, Tian, Xuelian Zhang, Jeffrey K. Brecht, Zachary E. Black, and Xin Zhao. "Grape Tomato Growth, Yield, and Fruit Mineral Content as Affected by Rootstocks in a High Tunnel Organic Production System." HortScience 57, no. 10 (October 2022): 1267–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci16553-22.

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Recently, so-called “vegetative” and “generative” rootstocks have been identified by seed companies as rootstock types that have different impacts on tomato scions. In this experiment of grafted grape tomato production in an organically managed high tunnel system, we characterized the effects of vegetative and generative rootstock cultivars on tomato yield components and fruit mineral contents. Grape tomato scions ‘BHN 1022’ (determinate) and ‘Sweet Hearts’ (indeterminate) were grafted onto ‘DR0141TX’ (vegetative), ‘Estamino’ (generative), and ‘Multifort’ (noncharacterized) rootstocks with self- and nongrafted scions as controls. Experiments were conducted twice with different transplanting dates (Expt. 1: 31 Jan. vs. Expt. 2: 9 Mar.) in 2018. No rootstock by scion interaction effects on whole-season fruit yield components were observed, indicating similar responses of determinate and indeterminate grape tomato scions to all rootstocks tested. For Expt. 1, the three rootstocks increased marketable fruit number, marketable yield, and total yield by 23.3%, 37.9%, and 34.4% on average, respectively, compared with the self- and nongrafted controls, primarily due to improved productivity during the peak and late harvest periods. For Expt. 2, the rootstocks did not significantly benefit any whole-season yield components. ‘DR0141TX’ and ‘Multifort’ increased stem diameter in both experiments, whereas ‘Estamino’ only increased stem diameter in Expt. 2 relative to the nongrafted controls. Consistent increase in aboveground dry biomass of rootstock treatments at crop termination in Expt. 1 corresponded to the greater yield of rootstock-grafted plants in that experiment. All rootstocks in both experiments consistently increased fruit P, K, Ca, Zn, and Fe contents on a dry weight basis at peak harvest regardless of the tomato scion used. Despite a relatively low level of root-knot nematode infestation, plants grafted with ‘DR0141TX’ or ‘Estamino’ tended to have lower root galling index ratings than scion controls and ‘Multifort’-grafted plants, which was more evident in Expt. 1. Given the different environmental conditions during the tomato production period between the two experiments conducted in high tunnels, our findings highlight the important influence of production environment on grafted tomato performance. This study on grafted grape tomatoes in high tunnel organic production systems also demonstrated that so-called “vegetative” and “generative” rootstocks had similar impacts on tomato scion yield components and fruit mineral contents.

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Rebin, Rebin, Karsinah Karsinah, and Ni L. P. Indriyani. "Pengaruh Jumlah Mata Entres terhadap Pertumbuhan Benih Sambung Pucuk Tiga Varietas Mangga Komersial." JURNAL BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN 16, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/jbdp.2020.16.1.71.

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Mango propagation by grafting usually uses scions 15-20 cm in length consisting of 3-4 buds. This method is less efficient because producing mass plant materials requires a considerable number of scion sources. To increase the efficiency of the scion use, grafting propagation technique with scions that have less than three buds (short scion) is needed. The research aimed to obtain information about the use of the most efficient number of scion bud(s) on mango propagation through grafting technique. The study was carried out at Cukurgondang Experimental Field, Pasuruan, East Java, from January to December 2018. The experiment was arranged in a factorial Randomized Block Design with two factors and three replications. The factor I was the number of buds on scion for grafting, consisting of 3 levels, i.e., P1 (1 bud), P2 (2 buds), and P3 (3 buds) as a control. Factor II was the variety of scion, consisting of 3 types, i.e., V1 (Garifta Merah), V2 (Agri Gardina 45), and V3 (Gadung 21). Each experimental unit consisted of 15 plant materials. The results indicated that there was no interaction between the number of scion bud(s) with the variety for all observational variables. Scion with 1 bud was the most efficient treatment compared to those with 2 and 3 buds for propagation by grafting. So that with the finding of useful technology in producing mango plant materials, the number of plant materials that can be provided in the same unit of time can be increased. Keywords: grafting, mango, propagation, scion bud ABSTRAK Perbanyakan mangga dengan sambung pucuk biasanya menggunakan entres yang panjangnya 15-20 cm yang terdiri dari 3-4 mata tunas. Cara ini kurang efisien karena untuk memproduksi benih secara masal memerlukan sumber entres yang sangat banyak. Untuk meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan entres maka diperlukan teknik perbanyakan sambung pucuk dengan menggunakan entres dengan jumlah mata kurang dari 3 mata (entres pendek). Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang penggunaan jumlah mata entres yang paling efisien pada perbanyakan mangga melaui teknik sambung pucuk. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Cukurgondang, Pasuruan, Jawa Timur mulai Januari sampai Desember 2018. Percobaan disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial dengan dua faktor dan tiga ulangan. Faktor I adalah jumlah mata entres untuk sambung pucuk terdiri dari tiga level, yaitu: P1 (1 mata), P2 (2 mata), dan P3 (3 mata) sebagai kontrol. Faktor II adalah varietas batang atas terdiri dari tiga level, yaitu: V1 (Garifta Merah), V2 (Agri Gardina 45) dan V3 (Gadung 21). Setiap unit percobaan terdiri dari 15 benih. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada interaksi antara perlakuan jumlah mata entres dengan perlakuan varietas untuk semua parameter pengamatan. Entres satu mata merupakan perlakuan yang paling efisien dibandingkan dengan entres 2 dan 3 mata dalam perbanyakan mangga dengan sambung pucuk. Dengan diperolehnya teknologi yang efisien dalam memproduksi benih mangga, maka jumlah benih yang dapat diproduksi dalam satuan waktu yang sama menjadi lebih banyak. Kata kunci: mata entres, mangga, perbanyakan, sambung pucuk

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Montesinos, Álvaro, Grant Thorp, Jérôme Grimplet, and María Rubio-Cabetas. "Phenotyping Almond Orchards for Architectural Traits Influenced by Rootstock Choice." Horticulturae 7, no. 7 (June 22, 2021): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7070159.

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The cropping potential of almond (Prunus amygdalus (L.) Batsch, syn P. dulcis (Mill.)) cultivars is determined by their adaptation to edaphoclimatic and environmental conditions. The effects of scion–rootstock interactions on vigor have a decisive impact on this cropping success. Intensively planted orchards with smaller less vigorous trees present several potential benefits for increasing orchard profitability. While several studies have examined rootstock effects on tree vigor, it is less clear how rootstocks influence more specific aspects of tree architecture. The objective of this current study was to identify which architectural traits of commercially important scion cultivars are influenced by rootstock and which of these traits can be useful as descriptors of rootstock performance in breeding evaluations. To do this, 6 almond cultivars of commercial significance were grafted onto 5 hybrid rootstocks, resulting in 30 combinations that were measured after their second year of growth. We observed that rootstock choice mainly influenced branch production, but the effects were not consistent across the different scion–rootstock combinations evaluated. This lack of consistency in response highlights the importance of the unique interaction between each rootstock and its respective scion genotype.

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Wang, Tie, Lijun Deng, Shengjia Huang, Bo Xiong, Muhammad Muhammad, Zhendong Zheng, Wei Zheng, et al. "Genetic Relationship, SPAD Reading, and Soluble Sugar Content as Indices for Evaluating the Graft Compatibility of Citrus Interstocks." Biology 11, no. 11 (November 9, 2022): 1639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11111639.

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The interstock, a stock between the rootstock and scion, has a significant regulatory effect on the stock and scion, and its function is highly dependent on graft compatibility. To assess the graft compatibility of the interstock and scion, ‘Yuanxiaochun’ was top grafted onto ‘Ponkan’, ‘Shiranuhi’, ‘Harumi’, ‘Tarocco’, and ‘Kumquat’. The results showed significant differences in the survival ratio and preservation ratio among different combinations. Grafting compatibility in the early stages of grafting was associated with the genetic relationship. The biomass accumulation revealed that the interstock could influence both the rootstock and the scion. The physiological and biochemical traits analysis suggested that SPAD reading and soluble sugar could be employed as preselected indices to evaluate graft compatibility in the late stage of grafting. These results indicated that the evaluation of graft compatibility was a dynamic process. The findings provided a new approach for studying the stock and scion interaction mechanisms mediated by interstock, and directly provided a theoretical and practical basis for the high-grafting of ‘Yuanxiaochun’ citrus.

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Polizzi, G., V. Guarnaccia, A. Vitale, M. Marra, M. Rocco, S. Arena, A. Scaloni, F. Giuffrida, C. Cassaniti, and C. Leonardi. "SCION/ROOTSTOCK INTERACTION AND TOLERANCE EXPRESSION OF TOMATO TO FORL." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1086 (June 2015): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2015.1086.23.

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Blank, Magali, Sabrina Samer, and Manfred Stoll. "Grapevine rootstock genotypes influences berry and wine phenolic composition (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot noir)." OENO One 56, no. 1 (February 7, 2022): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2022.56.1.4459.

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Grapevine rootstocks can affect the nitrogen (N) status of the grafted plant due to discrepancies in their nutrient uptake and their efficiency in the allocation of assimilates. When N becomes a limiting factor, the production of phenolic compounds in grapes is enhanced as a result of a down-regulation of the flavonoid production pathway. However, it is still not fully understood if the impact of rootstocks on fruit and wine composition is mediated by their effect on the vegetative growth and N status of the scion. The main objective of the study was to test if rootstock influence on Pinot noir berry and wine phenolic composition could be related to the N status of the scion. An investigation was carried out on Pinot noir (Vitis vinifera L.) vines grafted onto six rootstocks over three vintages (2012–2014). A micro-scale fermentation technique was used to produce wines from each field replicate. Scions grafted onto SO4, a high vigour rootstock, were characterised by a 15 % higher tannin concentration in berry seed and skin compared to those grafted onto the low vigour Riparia Gloire de Montpellier, while final tannin concentration in wines depended on the rootstock. Anthocyanin concentration was higher in berries of Pinot noir grafted onto R110 compared to 125AA, which was also reflected in the wines. A Multiple Linear Regression analysis suggested that rootstock influence on berry anthocyanins was linked to the N status of scion leaves (higher Leaf NBI_R). Understanding the interaction between the N uptake efficiency of rootstocks and scion berry/wine phenolic composition will help improve the selection of suitable rootstocks that match the desired wine profile.

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Liu, Wenqian, Chenggang Xiang, Xiaojun Li, Tao Wang, Xiaohong Lu, Zixi Liu, Lihong Gao, and Wenna Zhang. "Identification of Long-Distance Transmissible mRNA between Scion and Rootstock in Cucurbit Seedling Heterografts." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 15 (July 24, 2020): 5253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21155253.

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Grafting has been widely used to improve plant growth and tolerance in crop production, as well as for clarifying systemic mRNA signaling from donor to recipient tissues in organ-to-organ communication. In this study, we investigated graft partner interaction mechanisms of Cucumis sativus (Csa) and Cucurbita moschata (Cmo) using a large-scale endogenous mRNA transport. The results indicated that most mobile transcripts followed an allocation pathway from source to sink. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that mRNA mobility functions are universally common and individually specific. Identification of mRNA mobility between distant tissues in heterografts with RT-PCR (reverse transcription PCR), RT-qPCR (reverse transcriptional quantitative real time PCR), and clone sequencing were used to estimate 78.75% of selected mobile transcripts. Integration of bioinformatic analysis and RT-qPCR identification allowed us to hypothesize a scion-to-rootstock-to-scion feedback signal loop of Csa move-down and Cmo move-up mRNAs, where Csa scion move-down mRNAs were involved in carbon fixation and biosynthesis of amino acid pathways, and Cmo root received Csa move-down mRNA and then delivered the corresponding Cmo upward mRNA to scion to improve photosynthesis of cucumber scion. This formed a feedback signal loop of scion-to-rootstock-to scion to explain why pumpkin rootstock enhanced cucumber production in the industry, which was utilized for organ communication and mediates photosynthesis processes in heterograft cucurbit crops.

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Naaman, Zaman S., and Sulaiman M. Kako. "The Response Different Apple Transplants (malus Domestica Borkh.) Cultivars to Autumn Budding Dates And Balanced Fertilizers in Regard of Bud Taking And Growth Characteristics." Journal of duhok university 25, no. 2 (October 2, 2022): 155–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.26682/ajuod.2022.25.2.14.

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This experiment was conducted during 2021-2022 in the Duhok University nursery, Iraqi Kurdistan region, to study the effects of three different Apple cultivars (Super red, Scarlet and Royal caka), three different budding dates (28th August,18th September and 8th October of 2021) and three levels of balanced fertilizer N20%, P20% and K20 %; (0 g, 2g and 4g. l-1) on the budding successful percentage and some vegetative growth characteristics of apple transplants. The results indicated that the Royal caka cultivar had significant effect on the budding success percentage, transplant(scion) height, transplant (scion) diameter, lateral branches number, leaves number and single leaf area. On the other hand, the date (8th Oct.) give the highest significant effect on budding success, transplant(scion) height, leaves number, and single leaf area. However, the 3rd fertilization concentration (4 g. l-1) had a significant effect on the budding success percentage, transplant (scion) height and transplant (scion) diameter, lateral branches number, leaves number and single leaf area. The triple interaction among (Royal caka cultivar + 3rd budding date (8th Oct.) + 3rd fertilization concentration (4 g. l-1) significantly affected on budding successful percentage and most vegetative growth characteristics

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Erwin, John E. "Temperature and Photoperiod Affect Grafted Cactus Scion Necrosis." HortTechnology 6, no. 4 (October 1996): 393–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.6.4.393.

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The interaction among temperature, photoperiod, and irradiance on survival of Chamaecereus silvestrii (yellow sport) flat-grafted onto Hylocereus trigonus Haw. rootstock was studied in an effort to understand the basis for elevated scion necrosis during winter. Plants were placed in glasshouses maintained at 12, 16, 20, or 24 °C under either daylight (moles per day), 66% daylight or daylight + 100 μmol·s−1·m−2 irradiance levels. Plants were grown with an 8-hour (short day) or 8-hour + 4-hour night interruption (long day) photoperiod. Cactus scion necrosis increased under short days and a growing temperature of 12 °C and was nearly eliminated by long-day conditions and a growing temperature of 16 °C. Irradiance did not affect scion necrosis. Plant quality rating was highest when plants were grown under long-day conditions at 16 °C.

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22

Tandonnet, Jean-Pascal, Jean-Pierre Soyer, Jean-Pierre Gaudillère, Stéphanie Decroocq, Louis Bordenave, and Nathalie Ollat. "Long term effects of nitrogen and water supply on confered vigour and yield by SO4 and Riparia gloire de Montpellier rootstocks." OENO One 42, no. 2 (June 30, 2008): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2008.42.2.826.

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Aims: the present study was designed to test the hypothesis according to which rootstock effects on scion growth and yield are related to fundamental physiological traits which are expressed consistently and independently of environmental conditions.Methods and results: Pruning weights and yield components from two independent rootstock experiments are reported. In the first experiment, the effect of two levels (30 and 70 kgN/ha/year) was studied during 15 years on Cabernet-Sauvignon vines grafted onto SO4 and Riparia Gloire de Montpellier (RGM). In the second one, Cabernet-Sauvignon and Merlot vines grafted on SO4 and RGM were submitted to two levels of soil fertility shortly after plantation: control and high (100 kgN/ha/year + irrigation) and data from the plantation to year 6 were recorded. In both experiments, vine vigour and yield were significantly affected by rootstocks and fertilisation/irrigation treatments. No interaction was recorded. The devigorating effect of RGM in comparison to SO4 was observed in both experiments, regardless of other parameters. Cabernet-Sauvignon was more affected by rootstock than Merlot.Conclusion: Rootstock effects on vine vegetative and reproductive development were consistently expressed, indicating that scion-rootstock interactions are governed not only by adaptative, but also by specific physiological traits.Significance and impact of study: This work provides information on scion-rootstock interactions which may be useful in rootstock breeding programs and may help to better choose the rootstock according to the scion and the environment.

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Goncalves, B., J. Moutinho-Pereira, A. Santos, A. P. Silva, E. Bacelar, C. Correia, and E. Rosa. "Scion-rootstock interaction affects the physiology and fruit quality of sweet cherry." Tree Physiology 26, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/treephys/26.1.93.

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24

Laino, Paolo, Maria P. Russo, Maria Guardo, Giuseppe Reforgiato-Recupero, Giampiero Valè, Luigi Cattivelli, and Vita M. C. Moliterni. "Rootstock-scion interaction affecting citrus response to CTV infection: a proteomic view." Physiologia Plantarum 156, no. 4 (November 23, 2015): 444–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ppl.12395.

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YIN, JOE PANG THAU. "ROOTSTOCK EFFECTS ON COCOA IN SABAH, MALAYSIA." Experimental Agriculture 40, no. 4 (October 2004): 445–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479704002108.

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Twelve seedling cocoa families were evaluated as rootstocks in Sabah, Malaysia using three commercial cocoa clones as scions. The average yield was about 3 t dry cocoa beans ha−1. Yields on pure Scavina rootstock were about 10% above average and those on pure West African Amelonado about 10% below average. However, the effects of rootstock on yield were correlated with those on vigour and there was no effect on the ratio of yield to continuing vegetative growth. Rootstock did not influence bean weight or number of beans per pod or the uniformity of the trees. There was no indication of an interaction between rootstock and scion for any of the traits that were studied. The rootstock effect is considered large enough to warrant its control in critical work, especially field experiments with budded cocoa, but development of high performance scions is a higher priority in cocoa than intensive work with rootstocks.

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Nesbitt, Monte L., William D. Goff, and Larry A. Stein. "Effect of Scionwood Packing Moisture and Cut-end Sealing on Pecan Graft Success." HortTechnology 12, no. 2 (January 2002): 257–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.12.2.257.

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Pecan (Carya illinoinensis) cultivars are commercially propagated by grafting and budding. The whip graft, bark graft and four-flap graft, the most frequently used techniques for pecan grafting, require dormant scions, collected and stored for 60 to 120 days before the spring grafting season. Poor graft success is sometimes attributed to poor handling and storage of the scionwood. Moisture content of packing material, sealing cut ends of the scions with wax, and use of polyethylene bags was evaluated in 1998 and 1999. Scions were collected in early February each year, and stored for 60 to 70 days in a household refrigerator at 2 °C (35.6 °F) under different treatment regimes. Scion viability was tested by bark grafting on limbs of mature pecan trees. Moisture of the scions was affected each year by the amount of water added to packing material and by sealing the cut ends, but the differences did not impact graft success. In 1998, graft success rate was equally good among scions stored in polyethylene bags with different amounts of added moisture, whether cut ends were sealed or not. Graft success in 1999 was affected by an interaction of sealing the cut ends, packing material and location of grafting.

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de Almeida, Nicolle Moreira, Alex-Alan Furtado de Almeida, Nayara de Almeida Santos, Junea Leandro do Nascimento, Carlos Henrique de Carvalho Neto, Carlos Priminho Pirovani, Dário Ahnert, and Virupax C. Baligar. "Scion-rootstock interaction and tolerance to cadmium toxicity in juvenile Theobroma cacao plants." Scientia Horticulturae 300 (June 2022): 111086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2022.111086.

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28

Abbasifar, Ahmadreza, and Babak Valizadehkaji. "Preliminary Evaluation of the Impact of Antioxidants Polyvinylpyrrolidone and Ascorbic Acid on Patch Budding of Persian Walnut." Journal of Horticultural Research 25, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/johr-2017-0018.

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AbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of antioxidants on the budding success of three walnut genotypes under greenhouse conditions. After stratification, seeds were planted in a greenhouse at the end of autumn. After about 20 months, the seedlings grew up to 80 cm. The budding was done using scions of Z30, Z60, and B21 genotypes. Scions were immersed in polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) or ascorbic acid in the concentrations 2, 3, and 4 g·dm−3for 1 h before budding. Percentage of successful budding was determined after one month. The results showed that genotype significantly affected the percentage of budding success, but no interaction between genotype and treatments was found. The antioxidant solutions significantly affected all the parameters studied in this research. Ascorbic acid with 3 g·dm−3resulted in the highest percentage of budding success (86.66%); no significant differences were observed with 4 g·dm−3of ascorbic acid and 3 and 4 g·dm−3of PVP. Furthermore, antioxidant solutions significantly affected the content of chlorophylls, and 3 g·dm−3of ascorbic acid resulted in the highest content of chlorophylls in scion leaves.

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Nesbitt, Monte L., Larry Stein, and William D. Goff. "310 Effect of Scionwood Moisture and Cut-end Waxing on Pecan Bark Graft Success." HortScience 35, no. 3 (June 2000): 445D—445. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.445d.

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Pecan is a difficult species to propagate by grafting. The whip graft, bark graft, and four-flap graft, the most often-used techniques for pecan grafting, require dormant scions, collected and stored for 60 to 120 days prior to spring-season grafting. Poor graft success is often blamed on handling and storage environment of the scionwood. Moisture content of packing material, waxing of cut ends, and use of polyethylene bags was evaluated in a controlled experiment in 1998 and 1999. Scions were cut in early February each year, and stored for 60 to 70 days in a household refrigerator under different treatment regimes. Scion viability was tested by bark grafting mature pecan trees in Fairhope, Ala., and Uvalde, Texas. In 1998, graft success rate was equally good among scions stored in polyethylene bags with different amounts of added moisture, whether cut ends were waxed or not. Moisture loss of the scions during storage was affected each year by the amount of water added to packing material and by waxing the cut-ends, but the differences did not impact graft success. An interaction of not waxing the cut ends and very wet packing material reduced graft success at Fairhope, Ala., but not Uvalde, Texas, in 1999.

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Neri, D., S. Sansavini, and M. Capobianco. "PERFORMANCE OF MICROPROPAGATED AND BUDDED PEAR TREES: INTERACTION BETWEEN SCION AND DWARF-QUINCE CLONES." Acta Horticulturae, no. 256 (October 1989): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1989.256.6.

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31

Vernière, C., X. Perrier, C. Dubois, A. Dubois, L. Botella, C. Chabrier, J. M. Bové, and N. Duran Vila. "Interactions Between Citrus Viroids Affect Symptom Expression and Field Performance of Clementine Trees Grafted on Trifoliate Orange." Phytopathology® 96, no. 4 (April 2006): 356–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-96-0356.

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Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd), Citrus bent leaf viroid (CBLVd), a noncachexia variant of Hop stunt viroid (HSVd), Citrus viroid III (CVd-III), and Citrus viroid IV (CVd-IV) were co-inoculated as two-, three-, four-, and five-viroid mixtures to Clementine trees grafted on trifoliate orange to evaluate their effect on symptom expression, tree growth, and fruit yield. Most trees infected with CEVd-containing viroid mixtures developed exocortis scaling symptoms, as did CEVd alone, whereas most trees infected with HSVd- or CVd-IV-containing mixtures developed bark-cracking symptoms. Trees infected with mixtures containing both CEVd and CVd-IV revealed the existence of antagonism between these two viroids in terms of the expected bark-scaling and cracking symptoms. Synergistic interactions also were identified in trees infected with certain viroid combinations that, in spite of lacking CEVd, expressed exocortis-like scaling symptoms. Viroid interactions also affected the expected response of trees in terms of vegetative growth and fruit yield. Trees infected with viroid combinations containing CEVd or CVd-III were smaller and produced less fruit than trees infected with mixtures not containing these viroids. Viroid interactions on scion circumference and cumulative fruit yield, in terms of additivity of their effects, were statistically confirmed using a factorial analysis of variance model with two mean estimation approaches. In single-viroid infections, CEVd, CVd-III, and, to a lesser extent, CBLVd consistently and significantly reduced tree size and fruit yield. Conversely, HSVd and CVd-IV slightly increased fruit yield and reduced scion circumference. Rare and not consistent significant interactions were detected with the five-, four-, and three-viroid combinations. Antagonistic interactions between CEVd and CVd-III or CBLVd and CVd-III were revealed over the years with consistent significance. The antagonistic interaction between CEVd and CVd-IV was highly significant over the years when additional viroids were present; however, this antagonism appeared much later in the case of an exclusive interaction. HSVd and CVd-IV showed a consistent and significant synergistic interaction on yield only when both viroids were exclusively present. These results demonstrate antagonistic or synergistic relationships between citrus viroids depending on the viroid mixtures present in the host.

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Singh, Hira, Pradeep Kumar, Ashwani Kumar, Marios Kyriacou, Giuseppe Colla, and Youssef Rouphael. "Grafting Tomato as a Tool to Improve Salt Tolerance." Agronomy 10, no. 2 (February 12, 2020): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10020263.

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Salinity in soil or water is a serious threat to global agriculture; the expected acreage affected by salinity is about 20% of the global irrigated lands. Improving salt tolerance of plants through breeding is a complex undertaking due to the number of traits involved. Grafting, a surgical mean of joining a scion and rootstock of two different genotypes with the desired traits, offers an alternative to breeding and biotechnological approaches to salt tolerance. Grafting can also be used to circumvent other biotic and abiotic stresses. Increasing salinity tolerance in tomato (Solanum lycopresicum L.), a highly nutritious and economical vegetable, will have greater impact on the vegetable industry, especially in (semi) arid regions where salinity in soil and water are more prevalent. Besides, plants also experience salt stress when water in hydroponic system is recycled for tomato production. Grafting high yielding but salt-susceptible tomato cultivars onto salt-resistant/tolerant rootstocks is a sustainable strategy to overcome saline stress. Selection of salt-tolerant rootstocks though screening of available commercial and wild relatives of tomato under salt stress conditions is a pre-requisite for grafting. The positive response of grafting exerted by tolerant rootstocks or scion-rootstock interactions on yield and fruit characteristics of tomato under saline conditions is attributed to several physiological and biochemical changes. In this review, the importance of tomato grafting, strategies to select appropriate rootstocks, scion-rootstock interaction for growth, yield and quality characteristics, as well as the tolerance mechanisms that (grafted) plants deploy to circumvent or minimize the effects of salt stress in root zones are discussed. The future challenges of grafting tomato are also highlighted.

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He, Wen, Rui Xie, Liang Luo, Jiufeng Chai, Hao Wang, Yan Wang, Qing Chen, et al. "Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Inarching Invigorating Rootstock onto Incompatible Grafts in Citrus." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 23 (November 22, 2022): 14523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314523.

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Grafting is a technique that is widely used in citrus production. Graft incompatibility often occurs in the orchard. Inarching can effectively improve the vigor of incompatible grafts, but its mechanism remains poorly understood. Our previous studies investigated the scion—rootstock interaction of citrus and highlighted the role of hormonal balance and genes in abscisic acid biosynthesis regulation. To further elucidate the mechanism of inarched grafts rejuvenation, Hm/Pt combination (Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merrill cv. ‘Hongmian miyou’ grafted onto Poncirus trifoliata) were inarched with ‘Pujiang Xiangcheng’ (a novel citrus rootstock cultivar recently selected from wild Citrus junos populations), and comprehensive analysis was performed to compare the inarched grafts and controls. Compared with incompatible grafts, the results revealed that inarching could recover the leaf metabolism balance, including reducing starch content, increasing chlorophyll content and restoring the cell structure. Additionally, our results corroborated that hormonal balance and hormone-related genes played a central role in inarching compatibility. Furthermore, the roles of Hsf4, ERF1, NCED3 and PYL were highlighted, and a model for explaining inarched grafts recovery invigoration was proposed. This study shed light on the mechanism of inarching regulation tree vigor and offered deep insights into the scion—rootstock interaction in citrus.

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Zhang, Cheng-Sheng, Yanfen Zheng, Lijuan Peng, and Jianmin Cao. "Rootstock-Scion Interaction Affects the Composition and Pathogen Inhibitory Activity of Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Root Exudates." Plants 9, no. 12 (November 26, 2020): 1652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9121652.

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The composition and allelopathy to Phytophthora nicotianae (the causal agent of tobacco black shank disease) of root exudates from a resistant tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cultivar Gexin 3, a susceptible cultivar Xiaohuangjin 1025 and their reciprocal grafts were investigated. Grafting with disease-resistant rootstock could improve resistance to black shank; this is closely related to the allelopathy of root exudates. The root exudates from the resistant cultivar inhibited the growth of P. nicotianae, while those from the susceptible cultivar promoted the growth; the grafting varieties had intermediate properties. The root exudate composition differed among cultivars. Gexin 3 was rich in esters and fatty acids, while Xiaohuangjin 1025 contained more hydrocarbons and phenolic acids. The composition of root exudates of grafted cultivars as well as their allelopathy to P. nicotianae were altered, and tended to be close to the composition of cultivar used as rootstock. Eugenol, 4-tert-butylphenol, mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, dipropyl phthalate, and methyl myristate were identified as the main compounds contributing to inhibitory properties of root exudates. Sorbitol was suggested to play a role in disease induction. Overall, rootstock–scion interaction affected the composition of tobacco root exudates, which may be attributed to the different disease resistance among grafted plants, rootstock and scion.

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Abou Rayya, Mahmoud Sami, Nabila Elbadawy Kaseem, and Thanaa Shaban Mohamed Mahmoud. "Comparative Vegetative, Nutritional and Anatomical Study of Two Almond Varieties Grafted on Bitter Almond and Nemaguard Peach Rootstocks." Journal of Agriculture and Crops, no. 74 (September 28, 2021): 140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jac.74.140.148.

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A comparative study was conducted during the 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 growing seasons for Nonpareil and Ne Plus Ultra almond cvs grafted on Bitter almond and Nemaguard peach rootstocks at the Experimental Research Station of National Research Centre at Nubaria, El Behera governorate, Egypt. The comparison was evaluated through the grafting success percentage, vegetative growth, determination of some leaf mineral composition, as well as, the anatomical examination of scion/rootstock union zone and cross-section of leaves. The obtained results clarified that the grafting success percentage was significantly affected by the different used rootstocks. Using Bitter almond rootstock recorded the highest percentage of grafting success, leaf chlorophyll content, root length, and a number of lateral root /plant in both cultivars. Using Nemaguard peach rootstock recorded significantly the highest values of scion length, stem girth above and below union zone, number of branches and leaves/plant, leaf area as well as seedlings fresh and dry weight. Leaves of both cultivars grafted on Nemaguard peach rootstock recorded the highest concentrations of leaf mineral contents as compared to those grafted on Bitter almond rootstock. Cross-sections of the graft union zone were taken after 28 days and 6 months from grafting for anatomical analysis. The callus cells developed 28 days after grafting, but cambial cells between the rootstock and scion tissues did not occur in all scion/rootstock combinations. After 6 months of grafting, cambial cells were established, vascular differentiation was observed, regular parenchymatic tissue properties and sclerenchyma bundles were seen in the graft union. There was no problem in terms of compatibility of Nonpareil and Ne Plus Ultra on Bitter almond and Nemaguard peach rootstocks. Comparing leaf cross-sections of almond grafted on both rootstocks demonstrated that the density of mesophyll cells was affected as a consequence of the rootstock–scion interaction. Nemaguard peach rootstock can be recommended for grafting Nonpareil and Ne Plus Ultra almond cultivars under Nubaria conditions to produce vigorous trees.

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36

Supriyono, Supriyono, Tarwa Mustopa, Nunuk Helilusiatiningsih, and Fristama Maulana. "PENGARUH JUMLAH MATA TUNAS BATANG ATAS DAN TINGGI BATANG BAWAH PADA SAMBUNG PUCUK TERHADAP PERSENTASE TUMBUH JAMBU AIR (Syzygium Samarangense)." Jurnal Agrotek Ummat 7, no. 2 (October 1, 2020): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31764/jau.v7i2.2853.

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Water guava (Syzygium Samarangense) was a popular plant in Indonesia because it was fresh and sweet. The aim of this research was to analyze the effect of the number of shoots of the upper stems and height of the rootstock at the shoot graft on the percentage of growing water guava. The method used in this study was a completely randomized design, factor into one rootstock length, namely 10 cm, 15 cm, and 20 cm. and the second factor was the number of buds on the scion, namely 2, 3, and 4. The results showed that there was a significant interaction in the treatment combination of the number of 4 buds on the upper stem and the length of the rootstock 15 cm at 35 days after grafting affected the growth percentage and growth in the number of leaves and length of the scion.

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Doroshenko, T. N., and I. V. Dubravina. "INTERACTION BETWEEN NITROGEN SUPPLY AND STOCK-SCION VIGOUR IN APPLE TREES: GROWTH AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 383 (April 1995): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1995.383.27.

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Hu, Zhou, Fusheng Wang, Hong Yu, Manman Zhang, Dong Jiang, Taojiang Huang, Jinsong Xiang, Shiping Zhu, and Xiaochun Zhao. "Effects of scion-rootstock interaction on citrus fruit quality related to differentially expressed small RNAs." Scientia Horticulturae 298 (May 2022): 110974. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2022.110974.

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39

Santarosa, E., P. V. Dutra de Souza, J. E. de Araujo Mariath, and G. V. Lourosa. "Physiological Interaction between Rootstock-Scion: Effects on Xylem Vessels in Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot Grapevines." American Journal of Enology and Viticulture 67, no. 1 (September 3, 2015): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5344/ajev.2015.15003.

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40

Iacono, F., and E. Peterlunger. "ROOTSTOCK-SCION INTERACTION MAY AFFECT DROUGHT TOLERANCE IN VITIS VINIFERA CULTIVARS. IMPLICATIONS IN SELECTION PROGRAMS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 528 (May 2000): 543–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2000.528.79.

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41

Upadysheva, G. Yu, S. M. Motyleva, T. A. Tumaeva, and M. E. Mertvisheva. "Agrobiological and biochemical aspects of studying of the sweet cherry scion/stock combinations." Horticulture and viticulture, no. 5 (November 16, 2019): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31676/0235-2591-2019-5-47-53.

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Since 2008, at the demonstration site of the All-Russian Horticultural Institute for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery (ARHIBAN) studies have been carried out to identify sweet cherry scion/stock combinations having optimal productivity and durability. The planting scheme was 5×3 m. There were studied growth and productivity of 24 scion/stock combinations of trees. Studies included the most winter-hardy varieties and stocks, bred in a severe climate. It is established that the development, productivity and durability of grafted trees are influenced by the variety, shape of the stock and their interaction. Amplification of linear and radial growth on the plants is marked on stocks VZ-13, Moskovia and Colt, reduction of height on 20-40 % is marked on stock V-5-88, VSL-2 and Izmaylovskiy. Optimal scion/stock combinations with productivity of 15-22 kg per tree were revealed: Tyutchevka/Izmaylovskiy and Tyutchevka/AVCh-2; Fatezh/Izmaylovskiy and Fatezh/VZ13; Chervashnaya/Izmaylovskiy. Cultivation of them has provided an increase of productivity till 10-15 t/ha. In the process of research, on the complex of economic and valuable features, it was found that the Izmailovsky stock (ARHIBAN breeding) is the most promising and versatile stock for cherry cultivation in the Moscow region. As a result of biochemical researches in the laboratory of biochemistry and physiology of ARHIBAN it is established, that the stock influenced on synthesis of metabolites and leaf morphology. Antioxidant activity of leaves and accumulation of organic acids in leaves were higher at scion/ stock combinations of all sweet cherry varieties with use the stocks Moskovia, Izmaylovskiy, AVCh-2. Stably low parameters were observed in sweet cherry plants grafted on stocks V-5-88, Colt, VSL-2.

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Costante, J. F., W. F. Mai, J. Aleong, and R. M. Klein. "Effects of Apple Rootstocks and Nematicides on Pratylenchus penetrans Populations and Apple Tree Growth." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 112, no. 3 (May 1987): 441–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.112.3.441.

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Abstract ‘Rogers Red McIntosh’ (Malus domestica Borkh.) on Mailing Merton (MM)111, MM 106, Mailing (M) 26 and M 7a were planted within an old apple orchard site. The trees were trickle-irrigated and the sandy soil was treated with the nematicides Telone (C-17), Vorlex, or Nemacur 3. In 1984, data were collected from trees excavated at 50, 100, and 156 days after planting and from permanent trees in 1985 from plots treated with nematicides prior to planting. The numbers of Pratylenchus penetrans [(Cobb) Filipjev & Schuurmans-Stekhoven] in soil and rootstocks from nematicide treatments and controls were well below reported damage levels and not considered a problem on this test site. M 111 and MM 106 roots and ‘McIntosh’ scion growth were superior to M 26 and M 7a counterparts regardless of soil treatment in 1984, while only the scions on MM 111 were larger than those on M 26 in 1985. ‘McIntosh’ scions grew 36% larger on Telone C-17-treated soil and 19% larger on Vorlex-treated soil than on untreated soil. Leaf and soil analyses showed no interaction with rootstocks and minor differences between soil treatments in both years. A soil replant bioassay revealed disease factor(s), including P. penetrans, present in untreated soil.

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Boyhan, G. E., B. R. Abrahams, J. D. Norton, and Hongwen Huang. "Budding Method Affects Transmission of Xylella fastidiosa in Plum." HortScience 31, no. 1 (February 1996): 89–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.1.89.

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Detection of Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al. by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay indicated that plums (Prunus hybrids) had higher absorbance values than peaches [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch]. The slip-budded trees had lower readings than those that were chip budded; however, the scion × method interaction was significant. Further comparison of slip vs. chip budding indicated that the lower absorbance value of slip budding occurred in plums only; there was no difference between budding methods in peach.

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Haegi, Anita, Valentina Catalano, Laura Luongo, Salvatore Vitale, Michele Scotton, Nadia Ficcadenti, and Alessandra Belisario. "A Newly Developed Real-Time PCR Assay for Detection and Quantification of Fusarium oxysporum and Its Use in Compatible and Incompatible Interactions with Grafted Melon Genotypes." Phytopathology® 103, no. 8 (August 2013): 802–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-11-12-0293-r.

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A reliable and species-specific real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay was developed for detection of the complex soilborne anamorphic fungus Fusarium oxysporum. The new primer pair, designed on the translation elongation factor 1-α gene with an amplicon of 142 bp, was highly specific to F. oxysporum without cross reactions with other Fusarium spp. The protocol was applied to grafted melon plants for the detection and quantification of F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis, a devastating pathogen of this cucurbit. Grafting technologies are widely used in melon to confer resistance against new virulent races of F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis, while maintaining the properties of valuable commercial varieties. However, the effects on the vascular pathogen colonization have not been fully investigated. Analyses were performed on ‘Charentais-T’ (susceptible) and ‘Nad-1’ (resistant) melon cultivars, both used either as rootstock and scion, and inoculated with F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis race 1 and race 1,2. Pathogen development was compared using qPCR and isolations from stem tissues. Early asymptomatic melon infections were detected with a quantification limit of 1 pg of fungal DNA. The qPCR protocol clearly showed that fungal development was highly affected by host–pathogen interaction (compatible or incompatible) and time (days postinoculation). The principal significant effect (P ≤ 0.01) on fungal development was due to the melon genotype used as rootstock, and this effect had a significant interaction with time and F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis race. In particular, the amount of race 1,2 DNA was significantly higher compared with that estimated for race 1 in the incompatible interaction at 18 days postinoculation. The two fungal races were always present in both the rootstock and scion of grafted plants in either the compatible or incompatible interaction.

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Ookawa, Taiichiro, Noriko Tomita, and Tadashi Hirasawa. "Interaction of Scion and Stock on Leaf Senescence of Soybean Plants Grafted at Mid-Stem during Ripening." Plant Production Science 8, no. 1 (January 2005): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1626/pps.8.32.

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Kuznetsova, Anna, Irina Dragavtseva, Sergey Shcheglov, Anna Drygina, and Anna Klyukina. "Study of the adaptability of scion-rootstock combinations of plum tree to temperature stressors in the Krasnodar Territory." E3S Web of Conferences 254 (2021): 02022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125402022.

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The relevance of the research is due to a change in the strength, frequency and direction of harmful weather stresses associated with climate change, which has an extremely negative effect on the general condition and productivity of plants, disrupts the conditions for the exit of plants from the dormant stage, while accelerating the rate of spring development. The rise of positive temperatures in the autumn period delays the entry of plants into the phase of organic dormancy, impairing their preparation for the winter. This paper provides an assessment of the adaptive response of the optimal course of growth and development of scion-rootstock combinations (SRC), taking into account changes in environmental conditions. The complexity of interaction mechanisms in the “scion-rootstock-environment” system is presented. Analysis of variance has shown that quantitative traits have complex genetic systems, which are characterized by multivariance of the reaction associated with multilevel redefinition of the genetic organization of quantitative traits of the SRC when changing the environmental limits. The value of the work is in the fact that the selected objects are perennial fruit crops, which are an interacting complex of two genotypes. The best combinations of grafts and rootstocks in the studied varieties in the specific environmental conditions and with given growing technologies were identified: Stanley / PK SK 1, Stanley / Druzhba, Renklod Donetskiy-1 / Evrika 99, Renklod Donetskiy-1 / cherry plum, Milena / Evrika 99 The highest-yielding under the changed conditions, and hence the most adaptive, were the combinations of plum variety Stanley on the rootstocks of PK SK 1 and Druzhba.

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Fazio, Gennaro, Yizhen Wan, Dariusz Kviklys, Leticia Romero, Richard Adams, David Strickland, and Terence Robinson. "Dw2, a New Dwarfing Locus in Apple Rootstocks and Its Relationship to Induction of Early Bearing in Apple Scions." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 139, no. 2 (March 2014): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.139.2.87.

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The ability of certain apple rootstocks to dwarf their scions has been known for centuries and their use revolutionized apple (Malus ×domestica) production systems. In this investigation, several apple rootstock breeding populations, planted in multiple replicated field and pot experiments, were used to ascertain the degree of dwarfing when grafted with multiple scions. A previous genetic map of a breeding population derived from parents ‘Ottawa 3’ (O.3) and ‘Robusta 5’ (R5) was used for quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of traits related to scion vigor suppression, induction of early bearing, and other tree size measurements on own-rooted and grafted trees. The analysis confirmed a previously reported QTL that imparts vigor control [Dw1, log of odds (LOD) = 7.2] on linkage group (LG) 5 and a new QTL named Dw2 (LOD = 6.4) on LG11 that has a similar effect on vigor. The data from this population were used to study the interaction of these two loci. To validate these findings, a new genetic map comprised of 1841 single-nucleotide polymorphisms was constructed from a cross of the dwarfing, precocious rootstocks ‘Geneva 935’ (G.935) and ‘Budagovsky 9’ (B.9), resulting in the confirmation and modeling of the effect of Dw1 and Dw2 on vigor control of apple scions. Flower density and fruit yield data allowed the identification of genetic factors Eb1 (LOD = 7.1) and Eb2 (LOD = 7.6) that cause early bearing of scions, roughly colocated with the dwarfing factors. The major QTL for mean number of fruit produced per tree colocated with Dw2 (LOD = 7.0) and a minor QTL was located on LG16 (LOD = 3.5). These findings will aid the development of a marker-assisted breeding strategy, and the discovery of additional sources for dwarfing and predictive modeling of new apple rootstocks in the Geneva® apple rootstock breeding program.

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Hussein, Ismail A., and Donald C. Slack. "Fruit Diameter and Daily Fruit Growth Rate of Three Apple Cultivars on Rootstock–Scion Combinations." HortScience 29, no. 2 (February 1994): 79–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.2.79.

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The effect of three vigor-control apple (Malus domestics Borkh.) rootstock (seedling, MM.106, and M.7a) on fruit diameter of three cultivars ('Red Delicious', `Granny Smith', and `Gala') was studied over two growing seasons (1990-91) in the arid climate of Willcox, Ariz. Daily fruit growth rate (DFGR) and effective fruit growth period (EFGP) data indicate cultivar differences in DFGR as well as EFGP. Cultivars with a high DFGR had a relatively shorter EFGP. Rootstock had no significant effect on EFGP. Cultivar x rootstock interaction on fruit diameter was significant for DFGR, but not for EFGP. `Red Delicious' and `Granny Smith' trees produced larger fruits on MM.106 and M.7a than on seedling rootstock. For `Gala', there was no significant effect of all rootstock on fruit diameter.

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Fernández de Simón, Brígida, Ismael Aranda, Miriam López-Hinojosa, Lucía Miguel, and María Teresa Cervera. "Scion-rootstock interaction and drought systemic effect modulate the organ-specific terpene profiles in grafted Pinus pinaster Ait." Environmental and Experimental Botany 186 (June 2021): 104437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2021.104437.

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Vijaya, D., Veena Joshi, G. Ram Reddy, D. Anita Kumari, and B. Srinivasa Rao. "Effect of rootstock-scion interaction on petiole nutrient content, bud break, and yield of three commercial grape cultivars." Agricultural Research Journal 56, no. 1 (2019): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2395-146x.2019.00013.9.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Scion interaction'

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