Journal articles: 'Scintillation material'

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Wen, Xin, Qingmin Zhang, and Zhuang Shao. "Magnetron Sputtering for ZnO:Ga Scintillation Film Production and Its Application Research Status in Nuclear Detection." Crystals 9, no. 5 (May 20, 2019): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9050263.

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As a wide band-gap and direct transition semiconductor material, ZnO has good scintillation performance and strong radiation resistance, but it also has a serious self-absorption phenomenon that affects its light output. After being doped with Ga, it can be used for the scintillator of ultra-fast scintillating detectors to detect X-ray, gamma, neutron, and charged particles with extremely fast response and high light output. Firstly, the basic properties, defects, and scintillation mechanism of ZnO crystals are introduced. Thereafter, magnetron sputtering, one of the most attractive production methods for producing ZnO:Ga film, is introduced including the principle of magnetron sputtering and its technical parameters’ influence on the performance of ZnO:Ga. Finally, ZnO:Ga film’s application research status is presented as a scintillation material in the field of radiation detection, and it is concluded that some problems need to be urgently solved for its wider application.

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Sadremomtaz, A., and M. Mohammadi Ghalebin. "Validation and performance comparison of different types of combined scintillation detectors for animal PET imaging system using GATE simulation." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 05 (May 1, 2022): T05017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/05/t05017.

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Abstract The selection of suitable high-efficiency scintillation detectors plays an essential role in improving the quality of PET images. Many studies have used two layers of crystal detectors with different scintillation materials. This research uses GATE simulation to simulate an animal PET system with a two-layer detector. By varying the type of the crystal detectors, essential parameters such as sensitivity, scatter fraction, noise equivalent counting rate, spatial resolution, energy resolution, and time resolution for different scintillation materials were calculated and compared to determine the most efficient solutions. This simulation used scintillating materials; LYSO, GSO, LSO, BGO, YAP, LuAP, and LPS in 12 different states. Results showed that by increasing the distance of the source from the center in the radial direction, the two-layer crystals with different scintillation materials have a better radial spatial resolution than the same material of crystals. As a general result, the PET system's performance, designed from two-layer crystals with different scintillation materials, lower layer LuAP and upper layer BGO or same-material of BGO, is more desirable than the rest.

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Minter, Anthony. "Pulsar Scintillation Measurements: Is there any evidence for a Local Bubble Shell or effects from pulsar bow shocks?" International Astronomical Union Colloquium 177 (2000): 549–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100060577.

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AbstractBhat et al. (1998) presented a model in which they explain the increase in scintillation bandwidth with decreasing pulsar distance as being due to a shell of scattering material associated with the Local Bubble. However, Britton et al. (1998) concluded that the scattering material for local pulsars is nearer to the pulsar (i.e. possibly in a bow shock or shell near the pulsar). We have investigated the effects of the local bubble shell and pulsar bow shocks on the scintillation bandwidth, the scintillation timescales and the angular broadening of pulsars. We find that a) there is no evidence for a shell of scattering material associated with the Local Bubble because the scintillation timescale data do not fit the Bhat et al. model and the angular broadening measurements do not suggest a scattering screen near the Sun, and b) that pulsar bow shocks cannot produce any enhanced scintillations.

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Zhang, Lei, Chenkai Qiao, Jingjun Zhu, Yu Liu, Yulu Yan, Shin-Ted Lin, Shukui Liu, Changjian Tang, and Haoyang Xing. "Preparation of Large Volume Solid Argon Crystal and Its Feasibility Test as a Scintillation Material." Crystals 12, no. 10 (October 7, 2022): 1416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12101416.

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An important background to the liquid argon detectors is that they are caused by the diffusion of radioactive isotopes in a scintillator (liquid phase). This radioactive isotope is produced in argon’s surrounding devices, such as circulation pipelines and liquid argon containers. The solid argon as a scintillation material in the detector can inhibit the diffusion and drift of radioactive isotopes in a solid phase scintillator. Additionally, the structure of a solid argon detector is simple and reduces the total source of radioactive background. In the CDEX-300 detection system, solid argon could substitute for liquid argon as the veto detector, preventing radioactive isotopes drifting to the central main detector (HPGe detectors array) surface to reduce backgrounds. Therefore, solid argon has great potential in the experiments since it is especially helpful to get the lower background in a larger active volume than liquid argon required in those low background detection experiments. This work introduces the preparation process and device of the large volume transparent crystalline argon, the acquisition of scintillation light, and the pulse amplitude spectrum of 137Cs obtained from a prototype detector of transparent solid argon crystal. The results show that the scheme proposed in this study can successfully produce a large volume transparent crystalline argon detector, the scintillation light signals can be effectively obtained from the solid argon scintillator, and the corresponding pulse amplitude spectrum is given. This work indicates that it is feasible to develop a solid argon crystal scintillation detector by using our approach.

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LURYI, SERGE. "IMPREGNATED SEMICONDUCTOR SCINTILLATOR." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 18, no. 04 (December 2008): 973–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156408005928.

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A semiconductor scintillation-type gamma radiation detector is discussed in which the gamma-ray absorbing semiconductor body is impregnated with multiple small direct-gap semiconductor inclusions of bandgap slightly narrower than that of the body. If the typical distance between them is smaller than the diffusion length of carriers in the body material, the photo-generated electrons and holes will recombine inside the impregnations and produce scintillating radiation to which the wide-gap body is essentially transparent. In this way it is possible to implement a semiconductor scintillator of linear dimensions exceeding 10 cm.

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Phunpueok, Akapong, Voranuch Thongpool, Sarawut Jaiyen, and Hua Shu Hsu. "Comparison of Scintillation Light Yield of CWO and BGO Single Crystals for Gamma Ray Detection." Applied Mechanics and Materials 901 (August 2020): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.901.89.

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Nowadays, radioactive materials are being applied in medical imaging. Because humans cannot observe radiation, radiation detection materials are very important to humans. A scintillator is a material that can change gamma photons to visible photons. Good scintillators should have the following properties: high scintillation light yield, good energy resolution, and high density. In this work, the scintillation light yield property of CWO crystals was studied due to its interesting properties, such as high stopping power and low hygroscopicity. CWO crystals were compared with BGO crystals. From the results, it was found that the BGO crystals showed higher scintillation light yield value at 662 keV energy from 137Cs radioactive source than the CWO crystals, resulting in better energy resolution value. The intrinsic light yield and loss parameters for both crystals are also presented in this work.

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Kuznetsova, D., V. Dubov, A. Bondarev, G. Dosovitskiy, V. Mechinsky, V. Retivov, O. Kucherov, R. Saifutyarov, and M. Korzhik. "Tailoring of the Gd–Y–Lu ratio in quintuple (Gd, Lu, Y)₃Al₂Ga₃O₁₂:Ce ceramics for better scintillation properties." Journal of Applied Physics 132, no. 20 (November 28, 2022): 203104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0123385.

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Ceramics from cerium-doped quintuple garnet-type compounds (Gd,Y,Lu)3Al2Ga3O12:Ce with different contents of Y and Lu have been fabricated and studied as a prospective scintillating material enabling improvement of scintillation properties by tuning of the composition of the matrix-forming crystalline compound. The coprecipitation method was applied to produce powders of complex garnet compounds, which were subsequently compacted and sintered. The influence of the matrix composition on photoluminescence and scintillation of the ceramics is studied using luminescence spectroscopy at steady state and pulsed excitation. Partial substitution of Lu by Y ions was found to be an effective tool for tailoring of scintillation properties of the material. A light yield of the Gd2Y0.5Lu0.5Al2Ga3O12 composition was measured to be 41 000 ph/MeV, whereas a scintillation kinetics was measured to have dominant fast scintillation components: 14 ns (84%) and 78 ns (16%).

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Kumar, Vineet, and Zhiping Luo. "A Review on X-ray Excited Emission Decay Dynamics in Inorganic Scintillator Materials." Photonics 8, no. 3 (March 4, 2021): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8030071.

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Scintillator materials convert high-energy radiation into photons in the ultraviolet to visible light region for radiation detection. In this review, advances in X-ray emission dynamics of inorganic scintillators are presented, including inorganic halides (alkali-metal halides, alkaline-earth halides, rare-earth halides, oxy-halides, rare-earth oxyorthosilicates, halide perovskites), oxides (binary oxides, complex oxides, post-transition metal oxides), sulfides, rare-earth doped scintillators, and organic-inorganic hybrid scintillators. The origin of scintillation is strongly correlated to the host material and dopants. Current models are presented describing the scintillation decay lifetime of inorganic materials, with the emphasis on the short-lived scintillation decay component. The whole charge generation and the de-excitation process are analyzed in general, and an essential role of the decay kinetics is the de-excitation process. We highlighted three decay mechanisms in cross luminescence emission, exitonic emission, and dopant-activated emission, respectively. Factors regulating the origin of different luminescence centers controlling the decay process are discussed.

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Annenkov, A. A., M. V. Korzhik, and P. Lecoq. "Lead tungstate scintillation material." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 490, no. 1-2 (September 2002): 30–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(02)00916-6.

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Beznosko, D., A. Batyrkhanov, A. Duspayev, A. Iakovlev, and M. Yessenov. "Performance of Water-Based Liquid Scintillator: An Independent Analysis." Advances in High Energy Physics 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/250646.

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The water-based liquid scintillator (WbLS) is a new material currently under development. It is based on the idea of dissolving the organic scintillator in water using special surfactants. This material strives to achieve the novel detection techniques by combining the Cerenkov rings and scintillation light, as well as the total cost reduction compared to pure liquid scintillator (LS). The independent light yield measurement analysis for the light yield measurements using three different proton beam energies (210 MeV, 475 MeV, and 2000 MeV) for water, two different WbLS formulations (0.4% and 0.99%), and pure LS conducted at Brookhaven National Laboratory, USA, is presented. The results show that a goal of ~100 optical photons/MeV, indicated by the simulation to be an optimal light yield for observing both the Cerenkov ring and the scintillation light from the proton decay in a large water detector, has been achieved.

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Rooh, Gul, H. J. Kim, H. Park, and Sunghwan Kim. "Cs2LiGdCl6 (Ce): New scintillation material." Journal of Crystal Growth 312, no. 15 (July 2010): 2243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2010.04.046.

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Goriletsky, V. I., L. G. Eidelman, A. N. Panova, K. V. Shakhova, L. N. Shpilinskaya, E. L. Vinograd, and A. I. Mitichkin. "New scintillation material—CsI(CO3)." Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements 21, no. 1 (January 1993): 109–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1359-0189(93)90055-e.

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Korzhik, Mikhail, Andrei Fedorov, Georgy Dosovitskiy, Toyli Anniyev, Maxim Vasilyev, and Valery Khabashesku. "Nanoscale Engineering of Inorganic Composite Scintillation Materials." Materials 14, no. 17 (August 27, 2021): 4889. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14174889.

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This review article considers the latest developments in the field of inorganic scintillation materials. Modern trends in the improvement of inorganic scintillation materials are based on engineering their features at the nanoscale level. The essential challenges to the fundamental steps of the technology of inorganic glass, glass ceramics, and ceramic scintillation materials are discussed. The advantage of co-precipitation over the solid-state synthesis of the raw material compositions, particularly those which include high vapor components is described. Methods to improve the scintillation parameters of the glass to the level of single crystals are considered. The move to crystalline systems with the compositional disorder to improve their scintillation properties is justified both theoretically and practically. A benefit of the implementation of the discussed matters into the technology of well-known glass and crystalline scintillation materials is demonstrated.

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Ntalla, Eleni, Alexandros Clouvas, and Anastasia Savvidou. "Energy, Resolution and Efficiency Calibration of a LaBr3(Ce) Scintillator." HNPS Proceedings 26 (April 1, 2019): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnps.1820.

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The last decade LaBr3(Ce) scintillation detectors have become commercially available and have better scintillation properties (energy resolution, temperature performance, decay time, light yield and material density) when compared with NaI(Tl) scintillators. The aim of this work is the full calibration (energy, resolution and efficiency) of a 1.5x1.5 in LaBr3(Ce) Canberra scintillator. Energy and resolution calibration were performed experimentally with the use of point sources with a source-detector distance at 22 cm. MCNPX simulations were performed in order to evaluate the efficiency calibration for three different source-detector geometries and then they were validated by the experimental efficiencies estimation.

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Danevich, F. A., and V. I. Tretyak. "Radioactive contamination of scintillators." International Journal of Modern Physics A 33, no. 09 (March 30, 2018): 1843007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x18430078.

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Low counting experiments (search for double [Formula: see text] decay and dark matter particles, measurements of neutrino fluxes from different sources, search for hypothetical nuclear and subnuclear processes, low background [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] spectrometry) require extremely low background of a detector. Scintillators are widely used to search for rare events both as conventional scintillation detectors and as cryogenic scintillating bolometers. Radioactive contamination of a scintillation material plays a key role to reach low level of background. Origin and nature of radioactive contamination of scintillators, experimental methods and results are reviewed. A programme to develop radiopure crystal scintillators for low counting experiments is discussed briefly.

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Kang, Hara, Sujung Min, Bumkyung Seo, Changhyun Roh, Sangbum Hong, and Jae Hak Cheong. "Preliminary Studies of Perovskite-Loaded Plastic Scintillator Prototypes for Radioactive Strontium Detection." Chemosensors 9, no. 3 (March 8, 2021): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9030053.

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Functional plastic scintillators have attracted much attention for their usefulness in on-site monitoring and detection in environments. In this study, we elucidated a highly reliable and functional plastic scintillator for detection of radioactive strontium, which means a potent perovskite-loaded polymeric scintillation material based on epoxy and 2,5-diphenyloxazole (PPO). Moreover, Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) simulation was performed to optimize the thickness of a plastic scintillator for efficient strontium detection. A thickness of 2 mm was found to be the optimum thickness for strontium beta-ray detection. A newly developed plastic scintillator with 430 nm emission from perovskite loading could trigger scintillation enhancement employing potential indication of perovskite energy transfer into a photomultiplier (PMT) detector. Furthermore, the response to beta-ray emitter of 90Sr was compared to commercial scintillator of BC-400 by exhibiting detection efficiency in the energy spectrum with a fabricated perovskite-loaded plastic scintillator. We believe that this suggested functional plastic scintillator could be employed as a radiation detector for strontium detection in a wide range of applications including decommissioning sites in nuclear facilities, nuclear security and monitoring, nonproliferation, and safeguards.

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Korzhik, M. V. "Compositionally Disordered Doped with Cerium Crystalline Garnet Type Materials for Brighter and Faster Scintillations." Devices and Methods of Measurements 12, no. 4 (December 22, 2021): 280–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2220-9506-2021-12-4-280-285.

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Ce-doped tetracationic garnets (Gd, M)3Al2Ga3O12(M = Y, Lu) form a family of new multipurpose promising scintillation materials. The aim of this work was to evaluate the scintillation yield in the materials of quaternary garnets activated by cerium ions with partial isovalent substitution of the matrix-forming gadolinium ions by yttrium or lutetium ions.Materials were obtained in the form of polycrystalline ceramic samples, and the best results were shown by samples obtained from the raw materials produced by the coprecipitation method. It was found that ceramics obtained from coprecipitated raw materials ensure a uniform distribution of activator ions in the multi-cationic matrices, which enables the high light yield and fast scintillation kinetics of the scintillation. It was demonstrated that the superstoichiometric content of lutetium/gadolinium in the material is an effective method to suppress phosphorescence accompanied scintillation. For ceramics with the composition (Gd, Lu)3Al2Ga3O12 , a scintillation yield of more than 50.000 ph/MeV was achieved. The scintillation kinetics was measured to be close to the kinetics with a decay constant of 50 ns.In terms of the set of the parameters, the developed scintillation materials are close to the recently developed alkali halide materials LaBr3:Ce, GdBr3:Ce. Moreover, they have high mechanical hardness, are characterized by the absence of hygroscopicity, and are better adapted to the manufacture of pixel detectors used in modern devices for medical diagnostics.

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Rodnyi, P. A., K. A. Chernenko, E. I. Gorokhova, S. S. Kozlovskii, V. M. Khanin, and I. V. Khodyuk. "Novel Scintillation Material—ZnO Transparent Ceramics." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 59, no. 5 (October 2012): 2152–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.2012.2189896.

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Kim, H. J., Gul Rooh, H. Park, and Sunghwan Kim. ": New Tl-based Elpasolite Scintillation Material." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 63, no. 2 (April 2016): 439–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.2016.2530822.

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Duan, Cheng-Jun, Xue-Yan Wu, Wei-Feng Li, Hao-Hong Chen, Xi-Qi Feng, and Jing-Tai Zhao. "Ba3BP3O12:Eu2+—A potential scintillation material." Applied Physics Letters 87, no. 20 (November 14, 2005): 201917. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2130728.

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Bieberle, André, Dominic Windisch, Kerolos Iskander, Martina Bieberle, and Uwe Hampel. "A Smart Multi-Plane Detector Design for Ultrafast Electron Beam X-ray Computed Tomography." Sensors 20, no. 18 (September 10, 2020): 5174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20185174.

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In this paper, a smart detector design for novel multi-plane ultrafast electron beam X-ray computed tomography is presented. The concept is based on multi-plane electron beam scanning on a transparent X-ray target and elongated cuboid-shape scintillation detectors for radiation detection over an extended axial scanning range. The optical part of the scintillation detector acts as both an X-ray sensitive scintillator with a fast time response and a light guide. With that, we reduce detector complexity, number of detector elements, overall power consumption, and detector costs. We investigated the performance of this new multi-plane detector design with an evaluation detector setup that is made of cerium doped lutetium yttrium oxyorthosilicate (LYSO:Ce) as scintillation material and an avalanche photodiode (APD) array. Thereby, we assessed two design variants: A monolithic LYSO bar detector and a sandwich detector made of multiple LYSO crystals and glass light-guides. Both types reveal excellent linear detector responses, long-term stabilities, and comparable signal qualities.

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Manzanillas, L., Y. Efremenko, M. Febbraro, F. Fischer, M. Guitart Corominas, B. Hackett, A. Leonhardt, B. Majorovits, and O. Schulz. "Optical properties of low background PEN structural components for the Legend-200 experiment." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 09 (September 1, 2022): P09007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/09/p09007.

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Abstract Polyethylene Naphthalate (PEN) plastic scintillator has been identified as potential self-vetoing structural material in low-background physics experiments. Radio-pure scintillating components have been produced from PEN using injection compression molding technology. These low-background PEN components will be used as optically active holders to mount the Germanium detectors in the Legend-200 neutrinoless double beta decay experiment. In this paper, we present the measurement of the optical properties of these PEN components. The scintillation light emission spectrum, time constant, attenuation and bulk absorption length as well as light output and light yield are reported. In addition, the surface of these PEN components has been characterized and an estimation of the surface roughness is presented. The light output of the final Legend-200 detector holders has been measured and is reported. These measurements were used to estimate the self-vetoing efficiency of these holders.

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Kawaguchi, Noriaki, Hiromi Kimura, Daisuke Nakauchi, Takumi Kato, and Takayuki Yanagida. "Scintillation and dosimetric properties of LiF/CaF₂:Dy eutectic composite." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 61, SB (January 20, 2022): SB1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.35848/1347-4065/ac3557.

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Abstract Scintillation and dosimetric properties of a LiF/CaF2:Dy eutectic composite have been studied. In the X-ray induced emission spectrum and decay curve, we observed luminescence due to self-trapped exciton of CaF2 and 4f–4f transitions of Dy3+ ions. The LiF/CaF2:Dy eutectic composite showed the light yield of 3000 photons/neutron as a neutron scintillator. The LiF/CaF2:Dy eutectic composite showed the measurable range from 1 mGy to 10 Gy as a thermoluminescence dosimetric material. The LiF/CaF2:Dy eutectic composite can act as a dual functional material for neutron detection and X-ray dosimetry.

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Vagner, Irina, Carmen Varlam, Denisa Faurescu, Diana Bogdan, and Ionut Faurescu. "Reproducibility of CO2 Absorption Method for measurement of Radiocarbon using a PARR Bomb and LSC." Radiocarbon 61, no. 6 (August 14, 2019): 1835–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2019.94.

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ABSTRACTThe CO2 absorption and liquid scintillation counting (LSC) are methods used in radioactivity monitoring programs of nuclear facilities for 14C measurements due to high number of samples and relatively high expected level of 14C concentration. The paper describes the chemical sample preparation applied to a quality control material (IAEA-C3 Cellulose), in order to evaluate the reproducibility of CO2 absorption method for this type of material. Consequently, in the experiments we used two home-made scintillation cocktails, containing two amines, 2-methoxyethylamine (MEA) and 3-methoxypropyl amine (MPA), which detained CO2 as carbamates. Due to the fact that the material used in the dedicated experiments is cellulose (contained in all vegetable materials), the method can be considered as appropriate for 14C determination from biological and vegetable materials.

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He, Peng, Biao Wei, Mi Zhou, Peng Feng, and Mianyi Chen. "Photonic Material Selection of Scintillation Crystals Using Monte Carlo Method for X-Ray Detection in Industrial Computed Tomography." Journal of Sensors 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/984716.

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Currently industrial X-CT system is designed according to characteristics of test objects, and test objects determine industrial X-CT system structure, X-ray detector/sensor property, scanning mode, and so forth. So there are no uniform standards for the geometry size of scintillation crystals of detector. Moreover, scintillation crystals are usually mixed with some highly toxic impurity elements, such as Tl and Cd. Thus, it is indispensable for establishing guidelines of engineering practice to simulate X-ray detection performances of different scintillation crystals. This paper focuses on how to achieve high efficient X-ray detection in industrial X-CT system which used Monte Carlo (MC) method to study X-ray energy straggling characteristics, full energy peak efficiency, and conversion efficiency of some scintillation crystals (e.g., CsI(Tl), NaI(Tl), and CdWO4) after X-ray interacted with these scintillation crystals. Our experimental results demonstrate that CsI(Tl) scintillation crystal has the advantages of conversion efficiency, spectral matching, manufacturing process, and full energy peak efficiency; it is an ideal choice for high efficient X-ray detection in industrial X-CT system.

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Mianowski, S., K. Brylew, A. Dziedzic, K. Grzenda, P. Karpowicz, A. Korgul, M. Krakowiak, et al. "Neutron hardness of EJ-276 scintillation material." Journal of Instrumentation 15, no. 10 (October 14, 2020): P10012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/15/10/p10012.

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Kochkarov, Zhamal A., A. A. Baysangurova, Radima A. Bisergaeva, M. M. Isaev, and A. I. Khasanov. "Phase Equilibrium and Synthesis in Ionic Melts of the System Na2WO4-K2WO4-Pb2WO4." Materials Science Forum 1049 (January 11, 2022): 204–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1049.204.

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Interest in a comprehensive study of lead tungstate single crystals is due to its scintillation properties [1-5]. It was found that lead tungstate occupies an exceptional position in the family of tungstates with a scheelite structure. Lead tungstate single crystal is a scintillation material [1] used in the LHC electromagnetic calorimeter and photon detector in the ALICE experiment at CERN [1, 2]. Now it can be said unequivocally that lead tungstate is the most promising scintillation material in the next decade.

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Děcká, Kateřina, Jan Král, František Hájek, Petr Průša, Vladimir Babin, Eva Mihóková, and Václav Čuba. "Scintillation Response Enhancement in Nanocrystalline Lead Halide Perovskite Thin Films on Scintillating Wafers." Nanomaterials 12, no. 1 (December 21, 2021): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12010014.

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Lead halide perovskite nanocrystals of the formula CsPbBr3 have recently been identified as potential time taggers in scintillating heterostructures for time-of-flight positron emission tomography (TOF-PET) imaging thanks to their ultrafast decay kinetics. This study investigates the potential of this material experimentally. We fabricated CsPbBr3 thin films on scintillating GGAG:Ce (Gd2.985Ce0.015Ga2.7Al2.3O12) wafer as a model structure for the future sampling detector geometry. We focused this study on the radioluminescence (RL) response of this composite material. We compare the results of two spin-coating methods, namely the static and the dynamic process, for the thin film preparation. We demonstrated enhanced RL intensity of both CsPbBr3 and GGAG:Ce scintillating constituents of a composite material. This synergic effect arises in both the RL spectra and decays, including decays in the short time window (50 ns). Consequently, this study confirms the applicability of CsPbBr3 nanocrystals as efficient time taggers for ultrafast timing applications, such as TOF-PET.

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Vuong, Phan Quoc, Mohit Tyagi, S. H. Kim, and H. J. Kim. "Crystal growth of a novel and efficient Tl2HfCl6 scintillator with improved scintillation characteristics." CrystEngComm 21, no. 39 (2019): 5898–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ce01202h.

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Nikl, M. "Wide Band Gap Scintillation Materials: Progress in the Technology and Material Understanding." physica status solidi (a) 178, no. 2 (April 2000): 595–620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-396x(200004)178:2<595::aid-pssa595>3.0.co;2-x.

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Cheon, Wonjoong, Hyunuk Jung, Moonhee Lee, Jinhyeop Lee, Sung Jin Kim, Sungkoo Cho, and Youngyih Han. "Development of a time-resolved mirrorless scintillation detector." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 12, 2021): e0246742. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246742.

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Purpose We developed a compact and lightweight time-resolved mirrorless scintillation detector (TRMLSD) employing image processing techniques and a convolutional neural network (CNN) for high-resolution two-dimensional (2D) dosimetry. Methods The TRMLSD comprises a camera and an inorganic scintillator plate without a mirror. The camera was installed at a certain angle from the horizontal plane to collect scintillation from the scintillator plate. The geometric distortion due to the absence of a mirror and camera lens was corrected using a projective transform. Variations in brightness due to the distance between the image sensor and each point on the scintillator plate and the inhomogeneity of the material constituting the scintillator were corrected using a 20.0 × 20.0 cm2 radiation field. Hot pixels were removed using a frame-based noise-reduction technique. Finally, a CNN-based 2D dose distribution deconvolution model was applied to compensate for the dose error in the penumbra region and a lack of backscatter. The linearity, reproducibility, dose rate dependency, and dose profile were tested for a 6 MV X-ray beam to verify dosimeter characteristics. Gamma analysis was performed for two simple and 10 clinical intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plans. Results The dose linearity with brightness ranging from 0.0 cGy to 200.0 cGy was 0.9998 (R-squared value), and the root-mean-square error value was 1.010. For five consecutive measurements, the reproducibility was within 3% error, and the dose rate dependency was within 1%. The depth dose distribution and lateral dose profile coincided with the ionization chamber data with a 1% mean error. In 2D dosimetry for IMRT plans, the mean gamma passing rates with a 3%/3 mm gamma criterion for the two simple and ten clinical IMRT plans were 96.77% and 95.75%, respectively. Conclusion The verified accuracy and time-resolved characteristics of the dosimeter may be useful for the quality assurance of machines and patient-specific quality assurance for clinical step-and-shoot IMRT plans.

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Andryushchenko, A. Yu, A. B. Blank, S. V. Budakovsky, N. Z. Galunov, N. I. Shevtsov, and O. A. Tarasenko. "Scintillation material for determination of radionuclides in water." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 511, no. 3 (October 2003): 425–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(03)01972-7.

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Nikl, M., V. V. Laguta, and A. Vedda. "Complex oxide scintillators: Material defects and scintillation performance." physica status solidi (b) 245, no. 9 (June 2, 2008): 1701–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssb.200844039.

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Kim, W. T., S. C. Kim, B. Sharma, V. D. Grigorieva, J. A. Jeon, H. L. Kim, H. J. Kim, et al. "An MMC-based cryogenic calorimeter with a massive sodium molybdate crystal absorber for neutrinoless double beta decay searches." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 04 (April 1, 2022): P04004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/04/p04004.

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Abstract Sodium molybdate crystals are excellent scintillating target material that can be used to investigate the neutrinoless double beta decay of 100Mo. Because this material contains Na nuclei, it could also be used to clarify the contribution of Na in the controversial claim of dark matter observation by the DAMA/LIBRA experiment. Recent developments have allowed the growth of sodium molybdate crystals of several hundred grams, which makes it possible to build large scale experiments. Therefore, a cryogenic calorimeter with a crystal of significant mass, which can exploit the excellent energy resolution from thermal signals and particle identification using the scintillation signals, is highly desired. We have developed a cryogenic calorimeter with a cylindrical sodium molybdate crystal of 178 g with dimensions of 4 cm (height) × 4 cm (diameter) coupled to a metallic magnetic calorimeter (MMC). The detector was also equipped with a light detector with a thin Ge absorber to detect scintillation signals. The detector test measurements showed excellent energy resolution and particle discrimination using dual detection of heat and light signals, and thus demonstrate that the crystal is a promising tool for searching for rare phenomena events. Details of the detector development with the massive sodium molybdate crystal are discussed in this paper along with the performance results from test measurements.

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Mbonu, Idongesit Justina, and Charles Chisom Mbonu. "Cobalt(II) Metal-organic Framework as Scintillating Material." Journal of the Indonesian Chemical Society 3, no. 2 (August 31, 2020): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.34311/jics.2020.03.2.87.

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Novel cobalt(II) metal-organic framework was grown by the reaction of a methanol solution of 8-hydroxyquinoline and benzoic acid with aqueous solution of cobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate using slow solvent evaporation. The X-ray luminescence of the synthesized compound showed vibronic peaks: one with λmax at 489 nm and shoulders at 424 and 531 nm, respectively, which compare favorably with best organic scintillators such as anthracene –447 nm and stilbene –410 nm currently in application. The elemental analysis of the metal complex suggests a metal to ligands ratio of 1:1:1. Conductance measurement shows a nonelectrolytic nature of the synthesized compound. The SEM studies give the surface morphology of the complex. The observed emission bands with different dynamics in response to temperature change suggest that the Co-MOF exhibits scintillation properties. Electronic spectrum and magnetic moment studies were used to determine the geometry of the Co-MOF molecule. Thermal analysis data reported displayed the extent of stability of the Co-MOF compound. PXRD data revealed the nanocrystalline nature of the complex. Energy resolution peak observed at 2535 KeV, suggest the synthesized compound can be used as a scintillator.

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Komendo, Ilia, Vitaly Mechinsky, Andrei Fedorov, Georgy Dosovitskiy, Victor Schukin, Daria Kuznetsova, Marina Zykova, Yury Velikodny, and Mikhail Korjik. "Effect of the Synthesis Conditions on the Morphology, Luminescence and Scintillation Properties of a New Light Scintillation Material Li2CaSiO4:Eu2+ for Neutron and Charged Particle Detection." Inorganics 10, no. 9 (August 30, 2022): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics10090127.

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In the present article, the influence of the activator concentration and impurity content of raw materials on the luminescence and scintillation properties of Li2CaSiO4 was studied. Polycrystalline powder material was obtained by the sol–gel method. It was shown that europium had limited solubility in the host lattice with a limiting concentration proximate to 0.014 formula units. The maximum intensity of photoluminescence was observed with a divalent europium concentration of 0.002 formula units; the light yield under alpha-particle excitation was measured to be 21,600 photons/MeV for ~200 μm of coating, and under neutron excitation, it was calculated to be 103,800 photons/n, the scintillation kinetics was characterized by an effective decay time of 157 ns. These properties and the transparency in the visible spectrum make it possible to produce scintillation screens with a coating of Li2CaSiO4 for detecting neutrons, alpha particles and low-energy beta radiation. The low Zeff (~15) of this compound makes it less sensitive to gamma rays. The 480 nm blue emission peak makes this material compatible with most commercial PMT photocathodes, CCD cameras and silicon photomultipliers, which have a maximum quantum efficiency in the blue–green spectral region.

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Korzhik, Mikhail, Vladimir Alenkov, Oleg Buzanov, Georgy Dosovitskiy, Andrei Fedorov, Dmitry Kozlov, Vitaly Mechinsky, Saulius Nargelas, Gintautas Tamulaitis, and Augustas Vaitkevičius. "Engineering of a new single-crystal multi-ionic fast and high-light-yield scintillation material (Gd0.5–Y0.5)3Al2Ga3O12:Ce,Mg." CrystEngComm 22, no. 14 (2020): 2502–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ce00105h.

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A single crystal scintillation material (Gd_0.5–Y_0.5)₃Al₂Ga₃O₁₂ (GYAGG) doped with Ce and codoped with Mg at a small concentration was grown by the Czochralski technique and studied for its scintillation properties for the first time.

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Rooh, G., Hong Joo Kim, and S. Kim. "The Growth and Characterization of the Cerium Contained Inorganic Halide Scintillators." Key Engineering Materials 442 (June 2010): 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.442.275.

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A report on the crystal growth, luminescence and scintillation characteristics of two developed scintillators, CsCe2Cl7 and Cs2NaCeCl6 are presented. CsCe2Cl7 is a new scintillation material. These crystals were grown by the Czochralski pulling technique. The X-ray diffraction technique was used to verify the structure of crystals. Under the X-ray excitation emission, the CsCe2Cl7 showed a broad emission band in the wavelength range from 370 to 470 nm while the Cs2NaCeCl6 crystal showed a spectrum in the wavelength range from 370 to 440 nm. The energy resolutions (FWHM of peak position) for the 662 keV full energy peak of 5.5% and 8.3% were observed at room temperature for the CsCe2Cl7 and Cs2NaCeCl6 crystals, respectively. The scintillation decay time measurement curves showed that, CsCe2Cl7 crystal has a single exponential decay function with a decay time of 50 ns. The Cs2NaCeCl6 crystal exhibited three main decay time components, a short component with a decay time constant of 91 ns and 36% intensity, an intermediate component with a decay time constant of 601 ns and intensity 33%, followed by a long component with a 3.2 µs decay time constant and an intensity of 31% of the total light yield. On the basis of the scintillation results of these materials grown, it is believe that these scintillation crystals can find a place in medical imaging and radiation detection system.

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Korzhik, Mikhail, Vasilii Retivov, Alexei Bondarau, Georgiy Dosovitskiy, Valery Dubov, Irina Kamenskikh, Petr Karpuk, et al. "Role of the Dilution of the Gd Sublattice in Forming the Scintillation Properties of Quaternary (Gd,Lu)3Al2Ga3O12: Ce Ceramics." Crystals 12, no. 9 (August 25, 2022): 1196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12091196.

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Technological factors and processes contributing to the scintillation mechanism have been considered in quaternary garnet ceramics doped with Ce(Gd,Lu)3Al2Ga3O12. The super-stoichiometric additive of gadolinium in the material composition or its co-doping with a low concentration of Mg were found to be effective tools to suppress phosphorescence in the quaternary garnet, confirming that it is not an intrinsic property of the material. The Monte-Carlo simulation of electronic excitation transfer demonstrates that the hopping migration along the gadolinium sublattice plays an essential role in forming the scintillation kinetic parameters. Breaking the integrity of the gadolinium sublattice by substitution with heavier lutetium ions increases the role of self-trapped states in the excitation of Ce3+ ions, which ensures both an increase in the fraction of short ~20 ns and very long ~600 ns components in the scintillation kinetics.

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Zhang, Wei-Jie, Qin-Hua Wei, Xiao Shen, Gao Tang, Zhen-Hua Chen, Lai-Shun Qin, and Hong-Sheng Shi. "Preparation and properties of GAGG:Ce/glass composite scintillation material*." Chinese Physics B 30, no. 7 (July 1, 2021): 074205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/abe3ea.

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Tam, Alan Kai, Ozdal Boyraz, Jaclynn Unangst, Philip Nazareta, Michael Schreuder, and Mikael Nilsson. "Quantum-dot doped polymeric scintillation material for radiation detection." Radiation Measurements 111 (April 2018): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2018.02.008.

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Nakamura, Hidehito, Hisashi Kitamura, Nobuhiro Sato, Masaya Kanayama, Yoshiyuki Shirakawa, and Sentaro Takahashi. "Polysulfone as a scintillation material without doped fluorescent molecules." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 797 (October 2015): 206–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2015.06.049.

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Kozlova, N. S., O. A. Buzanov, V. M. Kasimova, A. P. Kozlova, and E. V. Zabelina. "Optical characteristics of Gd3Al2Ga3O12 : Ce singlecrystal material." Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii. Materialy Elektronnoi Tekhniki = Materials of Electronics Engineering 21, no. 1 (June 22, 2019): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/1609-3577-2018-1-18-25.

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Nowadays new high-energy emission detection technologies with use of materials doped with rare-earth activators appear. There is still a great need for the development of new inorganic scintillators for medical application in particular detection of X-rays and -grays. In this case, the scintillation materials must meet basic requirements: high optical quality, high light output, fast response time and et al. One of these materials is the scintillation crystal Gd3Al2Ga3O12 : Ce (GAGG : Ce) investigated in this work. Analysis of the literature data showed that the optical characteristics of Gd3Al2Ga3O12 : Ce have not been studied enough. Hence the GAGG : Ce optical parameters (spectral transmission and reflection) were measured by optical spectroscopy in the wavelength range 200—750 nm. We calculated values of the absorption and extinction coefficients, refractive indices and the optical band gap of the Gd3Al2Ga3O12 : Ce. We used two spectrophotometric methods to determine the values of the refractive index: Brewster angles (jB) and the reflection coefficients at a small incidence angle of light close to normal (R0). The obtained results were used to build dispersion dependences graphs of the refractive indices.

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Arakawa, Etsuo, Wolfgang Voegeli, Chika Kamezawa, Ryutaro Iwami, Tetsuroh Shirasawa, Yudai Yamaguchi, Masashi Kamogawa, Masataka Nakata, and Kazuyuki Hyodo. "Gemstones and Salts as Light Emitters for Learning X-ray Detectors." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C1818. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314081820.

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The scintillation counter is a widely-used X-ray detector. It contains a scintillator as a luminescent material that converts X-rays into visible light, which is detected with a sensor. A well-known scintillator in the X-ray region is sodium iodide, NaI, an ionic crystal. Before use, it is important to understand how the detector works. For students, the material name and the chemical formula of the scintillator are not familiar, however. In addition, students cannot watch or touch the key element in the detector, because the scintillator is installed inside the housing. Many jewels emit visible light or change their colors under ultraviolet light irradiation. Under X-ray irradiation, the same jewels exhibit similar responses as well. If popular jewels instead of special ionic crystals were used as scintillators, students might show interest in these materials. We propose that photographs of beautiful, brightly shining gemstones and salts could be used as visual educational materials for students to learn the principles of X-ray detectors. Different gemstones and salts were irradiated by intense white synchrotron X-ray radiation at beamline NE7A1 of the PF-AR synchrotron radiation facility at KEK, Japan. Photographs of fluorescence and phosphorescence from the gemstones, and of color changes due to the irradiation, were taken with a remote controlled digital camera. It should be noted that the experimental setup of this study is an easily understood handmade X-ray detector. We will present photographs of exciting gemstones such as Fluorite from the US, Hackmanite from Afghanistan, Mangano Calcite from China, Ruby from Brazil, Selenite from Canada, and Black Opal from Australia. We also irradiated different kinds of colored Himalayan Rock Salt from India or Pakistan, shown in Fig. 1. We will explain basic concepts of X-ray detectors, such as photon counting, dead time, recording, and quantum efficiency, with these photographs.

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Nikl, M. "Erratum to Wide Band Gap Scintillation Materials: Progress in the Technology and Material Understanding." physica status solidi (a) 180, no. 2 (August 2000): 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-396x(200008)180:2<585::aid-pssa585>3.0.co;2-1.

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Stinebring, Dan R., Barney J. Rickett, Anthony H. Minter, Alex S. Hill, Adam P. Jussila, Lele Mathis, Maura A. McLaughlin, Stella Koch Ocker, and Scott M. Ransom. "A Scintillation Arc Survey of 22 Pulsars with Low to Moderate Dispersion Measures." Astrophysical Journal 941, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac8ea8.

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Abstract Context. By providing information about the location of scattering material along the line of sight (LoS) to pulsars, scintillation arcs are a powerful tool for exploring the distribution of ionized material in the interstellar medium (ISM). Here, we present observations that probe the ionized ISM on scales of ∼0.001–30 au. Aims. We have surveyed pulsars for scintillation arcs in a relatively unbiased sample with DM < 100 pc cm−3. We present multifrequency observations of 22 low to moderate DM pulsars. Many of the 54 observations were also observed at another frequency within a few days. Methods. For all observations, we present dynamic spectra, autocorrelation functions, and secondary spectra. We analyze these data products to obtain scintillation bandwidths, pulse broadening times, and arc curvatures. Results. We detect definite or probable scintillation arcs in 19 of the 22 pulsars and 34 of the 54 observations, showing that scintillation arcs are a prevalent phenomenon. The arcs are better defined in low DM pulsars. We show that well-defined arcs do not directly imply anisotropy of scattering. Only the presence of reverse arclets and a deep valley along the delay axis, which occurs in about 20% of the pulsars in the sample, indicates substantial anisotropy of scattering. Conclusions. The survey demonstrates substantial patchiness of the ionized ISM on both astronomical-unit-size scales transverse to the LoS and on ∼100 pc scales along it. We see little evidence for distributed scattering along most lines of sight in the survey.

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Talapatra, Anjana, Dibyajyoti Ghosh, Blas P. Uberuaga, and Ghanshyam Pilania. "Barriers to carriers: faults and recombination in non-stoichiometric perovskite scintillators." Journal of Materials Science 56, no. 28 (July 16, 2021): 15812–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-021-06294-2.

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AbstractTuning the efficiency and speed of charge carrier recombination in inorganic scintillators can potentially improve their performance in diverse applications. Recent work suggests that this maybe be achieved via a two-phase scintillator AB that naturally phase separates into A-rich and B-rich domains. In addition, a favorable electronic structure and band-edge alignment such that the charge carriers are confined or are thermodynamically driven to preferentially accumulate in one of the two domains, might lead to an improved radiative recombination rate. Here, we use density functional theory computations and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD), including non-adiabatic molecular dynamics (NAMD) simulations, to examine an alternative phase structure and its potential impact on recombination. Using a model perovskite SrTiO$$_3$$ 3 system with one-, two- and three-dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) phases, we demonstrate that RP faults induce band structure changes in the material that can act as barriers to carrier transport. Our AIMD/NAMD simulations indicate competing effects of a lower mean free path (potentially enhancing the desired radiative recombination and overall scintillating efficiency) and faster non-radiative recombination (undesired) due to enhanced electron–phonon coupling in the faulted system. Full exploitation of such a rational design approach would require tuning of the effective scintillation efficiency by varying the perovskite chemistry using appropriate arrangements of RP faults in the bulk material. Finally, other effects, such as the tendency of point defects to segregate at the interface, that might affect the overall performance, are briefly discussed. We expect the basic results found here to apply to other nanostructured scintillators. Graphical Abstract

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Bhat, N. D. R., Y. Gupta, and A. P. Rao. "Study of the LISM Using Pulsar Scintillation." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 166 (1997): 211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100070998.

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AbstractWe present here the results from an extensive scintillation study of twenty pulsars in the dispersion measure (DM) range 3 – 35 pc cm−3 carried out using the Ooty Radio Telescope, to investigate the distribution of ionized material in the local interstellar medium (LISM). Our analysis reveals several anomalies in the scattering strength, which suggest that the distribution of scattering material in the solar neighborhood is not uniform. Our model suggests the presence of a low density bubble surrounded by a shell of much higher density fluctuations. We are able to put some constraints on geometrical and scattering properties of such a structure, and find it to be morphologically similar to the local bubble known from other studies.

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Jomkaew, T., W. Chaiphaksa, P. Limkitjaroenporn, H. J. Kim, S. Kothan, A. Prasatkhetragarn, and J. Kaewkhao. "Photon interaction and electron nonproportional response of CLYC scintillation material." Radiation Physics and Chemistry 188 (November 2021): 109565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109565.

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Yanagida, Takayuki, Go Okada, Takumi Kato, Daisuke Nakauchi, and Satoko Yanagida. "Fast and high light yield scintillation in the Ga2O3semiconductor material." Applied Physics Express 9, no. 4 (March 4, 2016): 042601. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/apex.9.042601.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Scintillation material'

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