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1
Raso, Agostino, and Giulia Maestoso. "The analysis of a cold case. Crimes in Astigiano in the 90’s: serial killers or different authors?" Rivista di Psicopatologia Forense, Medicina Legale, Criminologia 22, no. 1-2-3 (December 27, 2017): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/psyco.2017.6.
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“Cold case” is an unsolved major crime (mainly homicide or abduction), which, after long time, can be re-examined by using modern technologies for their investigation. Unsolved homicides are typical examples of “cold case”. Many crime news’ cases (either recent or past) have undergone new examinations, with the support of forensic science. In some cases, these new activities have led to crimes’ solution. To face this new need, both “Carabinieri” and “Polizia di Stato” have established recently specific units as part of their own Criminal Investigation Department. ---------- Per “cold case”, si intendono i c.d. “casi freddi” o “piste fredde”, con riferimento ai delitti più gravi, irrisolti, che anche a distanza di numerosi anni possono essere oggetto di nuove indagini eseguite in particolare attraverso l’utilizzo delle moderne tecniche investigative. Tra questi rientrano per eccellenza gli omicidi rimasti senza colpevole. Numerosi sono i casi di cronaca più o meno recenti che, specie con il supporto delle scienze forensi, sono stati oggetto di nuove indagini, talvolta risolutive. Per far fronte a tale esigenza sia l’Arma dei Carabinieri che la Polizia di Stato hanno creato di recente specifici Reparti di investigazione, all’interno delle proprie strutture centrali di Polizia Giudiziaria. ---------- Para “casos fríos”, nos referimos a c.d. “Casos fríos” o “pendientes frías”, con referencia a los crímenes más graves, no resueltos, que incluso después de varios años pueden ser objeto de nuevas investigaciones llevadas a cabo, en particular, mediante el uso de técnicas modernas de investigación. Estos incluyen la excelencia para los homicidios que quedan impunes. Existen numerosos casos recientes o recientes que, especialmente con el apoyo de la ciencia forense, han estado sujetos a nuevas investigaciones, a veces resolutivas. Para satisfacer esta necesidad, tanto las Armas de Carabinieri como la Policía del Estado han creado recientemente Departamentos de Investigación específicos dentro de sus propias estructuras de Policía Judicial Central.
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Gorea, R. K. "Forensic Nursing in Humanitarian Forensics." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ETHICS, TRAUMA & VICTIMOLOGY 6, no. 02 (December 30, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.18099/ijetv.v6i02.1.
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Humanitarian forensics has been established as a new entity, and it is bound to develop as a robust branch of science. It is a multidisciplinary subject with the involvement of experts from different fields of science. Forensic nursing too is an upcoming branch of nursing science and is a relatively new discipline of science. Forensic nursing science is expanding in various countries. This paper will describe and discuss the various important aspects of Humanitarian forensics and forensic nurses' utility in humanitarian forensics and discuss the future role of forensic nurses in humanitarian forensics.
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Iman, Nur, Aris Susanto, and Rahmat Inggi. "Analisa Perkembangan Digital Forensik dalam Penyelidikan Cybercrime di Indonesia (Systematic Review)." Jurnal Telekomunikasi dan Komputer 9, no. 3 (January 4, 2020): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/incomtech.v9i3.7210.
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Digital forensik dikembangkan untuk menyelidiki perangkat digital dalam mendeteksi kejahatan (cybercrime). Tujuan penulisan makalah ini untuk mengidentifikasi sub digital forensik dan menganalisa perkembangan digital forensik dalam penyelidikan kasus kejahatan di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan adalah kajian sistematis (systematic review) dengan melalui proses pemilihan sumber data yaitu Garba Rujukan Digital, Science and Technology Index, RAMA Repository. Hasil dari penelusuran menunjukkan bahwa kejahatan paling banyak ditangani yaitu live forensic, network forensic, dan mobile forensic dengan grafik trend topic diatas 10 dibandingkan dengan computer forensic dan database forensic hanya terdapat 2 topik.
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Collier, Paul A., and Barry J. Spaul. "Information Systems Forensics." Journal of Information Technology 5, no. 3 (September 1990): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026839629000500303.
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This paper discusses some current issues and methods related to the investigation and successful prosecution of crimes committed with or against computerized information systems. The paper maintains that a new extension to the forensic sciences is a major requirement in the fight against computer misuse and that this new branch of forensic science be called Information Systems Forensics.
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Kessler, Gary C., and Gregory H. Carlton. "Exploring Myths in Digital Forensics." International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking 9, no. 4 (October 2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijitn.2017100101.
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Digital forensic methodology deviates significantly relative to the methods of other forensic sciences for numerous practical reasons, and it has been largely influenced by factors derived from the inception and evolution of this relatively new and rapidly changing field. Digital forensics methodology was developed more by practitioners in its early days rather than by computer scientists. This led to accepted best practices in the field that may not represent the best or, at least, tested, science. This paper explores some of these differences in the practice and evolution between digital and other forensic sciences, and recommends scientific approaches to apply to many digital forensic practice rituals.
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Roux, Claude, Benjamin Talbot-Wright, James Robertson, Frank Crispino, and Olivier Ribaux. "The end of the (forensic science) world as we know it? The example of trace evidence." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 370, no. 1674 (August 5, 2015): 20140260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0260.
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The dominant conception of forensic science as a patchwork of disciplines primarily assisting the criminal justice system (i.e. forensics) is in crisis or at least shows a series of anomalies and serious limitations. In recent years, symptoms of the crisis have been discussed in a number of reports by various commentators, without a doubt epitomized by the 2009 report by the US National Academies of Sciences (NAS 2009 Strengthening forensic science in the United States: a path forward). Although needed, but viewed as the solution to these drawbacks, the almost generalized adoption of stricter business models in forensic science casework compounded with ever-increasing normative and compliance processes not only place additional pressures on a discipline that already appears in difficulty, but also induce more fragmentation of the different forensic science tasks, a tenet many times denounced by the same NAS report and other similar reviews. One may ask whether these issues are not simply the result of an unfit paradigm. If this is the case, the current problems faced by forensic science may indicate future significant changes for the discipline. To facilitate broader discussion this presentation focuses on trace evidence, an area that is seminal to forensic science both for epistemological and historical reasons. There is, however, little doubt that this area is currently under siege worldwide. Current and future challenges faced by trace evidence are discussed along with some possible answers. The current situation ultimately presents some significant opportunities to re-invent not only trace evidence but also forensic science. Ultimately, a distinctive, more robust and more reliable science may emerge through rethinking the forensics paradigm built on specialisms, revisiting fundamental forensic science principles and adapting them to the twenty-first century.
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Syed Khurram Hassan and Hafiza Hadia Shehzad. "The Nanoforensic: An Advanced Perspective in Crime Investigation." International Journal for Electronic Crime Investigation 7, no. 1 (March 3, 2023): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/ijeci.2023.0701126.
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Nano forensics is the advanced application of nanotechnology-based techniques to resolve cases in forensic science. Forensic science offers scientific methods in a criminal investigation. Nano-forensics deals with the development of new approaches for fingerprint visualization, DNA isolation, forensic toxicology, explosive detection, identification of body fluids, gunshot residue analysis, detection of illicit drugs, etc. The nanomaterials used in forensic science are nanocrystals, nanoparticles, quantum dots, nanobelts, nanocomposites, nanoclusters, nanotubes, nanorods, etc. The scope of nanotechnology is very wide.
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Singh, Sakshi, and Suresh Kumar. "Qualitative Assessment of Digital Forensic Tools." Asian Journal of Electrical Sciences 9, no. 1 (May 5, 2020): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajes-2020.9.1.2372.
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Forensic science is a study of science to criminals and civil laws. Digital forensics is the part of forensic science relating to proof found in computers and advanced storage media. Forensic examiners gather, protect and break down logical confirmations over the span of examination. Digital information contains data as content, pictures, sound, video and so on. These days numerous cybercrime cases, for example, hacking, banking cheats, phishing, email spamming, etc., have developed which are connected with a computerized information. Since the digital investigation is turning into an expanding concern, numerous digital forensic tools have been created to manage the difficulties of exploring computerized wrongdoings. The motivation behind digital forensics strategies is to look, protect and extract data on advanced frameworks to discover potential confirmations to exhibit them in the courtroom. In this paper, we have discussed five kinds of forensics namely Network Forensics, Live Forensics, Cyber Forensics, Database Forensics, and Mobile Forensics. The paper depicts a list of digital forensic tools in detail and looks at them based on the characterized parameters to figure out which tool suits better for any investigation. The paper looks at network, database and mobile forensic tools and examines the silent features and uniqueness of each of the tools along with their functionalities.
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Roux, Claude, Frank Crispino, and Olivier Ribaux. "From Forensics to Forensic Science." Current Issues in Criminal Justice 24, no. 1 (July 2012): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10345329.2012.12035941.
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Goel, Rajeev, Deepak Kumar, and Vijay Arora. "Forens(om)ic medicine: omics in forensic medicine." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 10, no. 2 (January 29, 2022): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20220309.
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The branch of science informally known as ‘omics’ are various branches in biology whose names end in the suffix omics such as proteomics, metabolomics, genomics, transcriptomics. The studies regarding the role of omics in various branches of medical field have become an upcoming area and its rising trend has been observed in the last decade. Omics has very recently emerged as an uprising field in forensic medicine also which is already known for its great participation with other branches like forensic toxicology, biochemistry, psychiatry, genetics. The use of state- of-the-art omics technologies has been explored in forensic medicine and sciences in establishing post mortem interval, drugs of abuse, intoxication and cause of death. The various forensic studies presently are aiming omics for future prospective. An elementary attempt has been made in this review article to briefly present the role and advantages of omics in forensic medicine. We, hereby, propose to call it forensomic medicine, to draw attention of the forensic professionals to this novel branch of science in order to encourage new studies to be used in medico legal applications.
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Kroz, M. V., and N. A. Ratinova. "History and Current State of Forensic Analysis of Extremist Materials." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science, no. 3(43) (September 30, 2016): 146–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.30764/64/1819-2785-2016-3-146-154.
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The paper looks at the history and current state of forensic analysis of the content and intentionality of contentious (extremist) materials. It discusses different approaches based in linguistics, psychology, and social sciences/humanities, as well as issues relating to integrated forensic psycholinguistic analysis. Techniques and methodological recommendations described in the paper were developed by the experts of the Research Institute for Law and Order of the Prosecutor General's Office of the Russian Federation, various national forensic organizations, such as the Russian Federal Center of Forensic Science of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation, the Forensic Science Center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, forensic divisions of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation, and members of the scientific community. Generic methodologies (linguistic and psycholinguistic) proposed by government agency specialists for the forensic evaluation of extremism manifestations are discussed, including the level of methodological sophistication, and the problem of methodological harmonization in this field of forensics.
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Keltus, Kelvin. "Forensic Science in The Nigerian Criminal Justice System." Journal of Criminology Sociology and Law 2, no. 4 (May 17, 2022): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.52096/jscl.2.4.5.
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Abstract This research aimed at assessing the application and impact of forensic science in the Nigerian criminal justice system by making reference to certain components of forensics that are relevant to the criminal justice system. Such components include, Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) analysis, Fingerprint analysis, Polygraph test, Ballistics, Forensic anthropology, Forensic pathology and Computer forensics. In the course of this research, it was found that establishing certain types of evidence such as fingerprint impressions and DNA, against accused persons was difficult due to the absence of sophisticated forensic laboratories and this hindered conviction of such persons. In view of this problem, this research recommends for proper training of law enforcement agencies in terms of how crimes and crime scenes are handled and also the establishment of sophisticated forensic labs where evidence and accused persons can be tested in order to determine their guilt or innocence, thereby easing the administration of justice in Nigeria. Keywords: forensic science, Nigerian criminal justice
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Czebe, András. "Fuzzy logic behind forensic identity." Belügyi Szemle 68, no. 2 (September 15, 2020): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.38146/bsz.spec.2020.2.1.
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With the development of forensic sciences during the 20th century, macro-scaled empirical relations were supplemented with micro- and submicro-scaled probability relations. High sensitivity analysis methods imposed increasingly stringent criteria on the science of individualization. This process even labelled those traditional forensic sciences junks, which rely heavily on an indefinable set of characteristics in order to achieve individuality. However, this has not led to a systematic change in the judicial interpretation of expert evidence. In this paper I will therefore address the theoretical question: What logic lies behind forensic identity? In order to answer this question, I conducted explanatory research in the fields of forensics, criminal law, philosophy and logic. Following the collection and interpretation of qualitative data, such as the relevant literature, legislation and case law, I came to the conclusion that fuzzy logic lies behind forensic identity.
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Jota Baptista, Catarina, Fernanda Seixas, José Manuel Gonzalo-Orden, and Paula A. Oliveira. "Wildlife Forensic Sciences: A Tool to Nature Conservation towards a One Health Approach." Forensic Sciences 2, no. 4 (December 17, 2022): 808–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/forensicsci2040058.
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Wildlife forensics is a science field with a remarkable potential to provide accurate information regarding nature conservation and One Health. Wildlife crimes are now a persistent target of public opinion and the concern of conservation professionals, which is constantly putting pressure on governmental and non-governmental entities. Moreover, the cross-species transmission of pathogens is becoming more and more frequent, endangering the interconnected health of humans, animals and the environment (One Health). This review intends to briefly present and illustrate the potential of wildlife forensic sciences not only in crime solving, but also regarding health sciences and species conservation. By allowing target species identification, recreating the crime scene, and considering their contribution to diseases and ecosystems’ surveillance, wildlife forensics are now constantly developing and improving. A cooperative and multidisciplinary approach (with the inclusion of forensic sciences) is necessary to avoid wildlife crimes, disease outbreaks, environmental disasters and to promote a sustainable and healthy future for all the living beings.
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Nasrulloh, Imam Mahfudl, Sunardi Sunardi, and Imam Riadi. "Analisis Forensik Solid State Drive (SSD) Menggunakan Framework Rapid Response." Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Ilmu Komputer 6, no. 5 (October 8, 2019): 509. http://dx.doi.org/10.25126/jtiik.2019651516.
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<p class="Abstrak">Teknologi komputer pada empat tahun terahir ini mengalami perkembangan yang pesat. Bersamaan dengan itu juga berdampak negatif salah satunya adalah berupa kejahatan komputer. Kejahatan komputer akan meninggalkan jejak aktivitas kejahatan, maka perlu dilakukan analisa dengan ilmu dan metode forensik untuk mendapatkan barang bukti. Bagaimana jika terjadi kejahatan komputer pada media penyimpanan komputer berjenis <em>non-volatile memory</em> dan dilakukan secara <em>live</em> forensik<em>.</em> Pada penelitian ini dilakukan proses forensik pada <em>Solid State Drive</em> <em>(SSD)</em> dengan <em>framework</em> <em>Grr Rapid Response</em> pada kasus kehilangan <em>data (lost data)</em> suatu organisasi. Langkah kerja forensik mengimplementasikan dari <em>National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST).</em><em> Framework</em> <em>Grr Rapid Response</em> digunakan untuk memberikan tanggapan terhadap insiden forensik digital yang difokuskan pada lingkungan forensik jarak jauh, <em>f</em><em>ramework</em> ini berbasis arsitektur <em>client server</em>. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan langkah kerja forensik <em>NIST</em> dapat diimplementasikan pada proses pengambilan bukti digital dengan metode akuisisi secara <em>live </em>forensik, kemampuan <em>tool</em> forensik pada proses eksaminasi <em>Grr Rapid Response</em> pada <em>Workstation (</em><em>Client Grr)</em> dengan media simpan <em>SSD</em><em>,</em> bukti digital dapat ditemukan dan dikembalikan. Bukti digital yang dapat dikembalikan berupa <em>file</em> dokumen, dan hasil validasi pada bukti digital tersebut memiliki nilai <em>hash</em> yang sama dari dua algoritma validasi bukti digital yang diimplementasikan, MD5 dan SHA-1. Sehingga hasil integritas dari dokumen tersebut menunjukkan bahwa bukti digital tersebut identik.</p><p class="Abstrak"> </p><p class="Abstrak"><em><strong>Abstract</strong></em></p><p class="Abstract"><em>Computer technology in the last four years has experienced rapid development. At the same time, it also has a negative impact, one of which is a computer crime. Computer crime will leave traces of criminal activity, so it is necessary to analyze with forensic science and methods to obtain evidence. What if there is a computer crime on a computer storage medium of a type of non-volatile memory and carried out live forensics In this study a forensic process on Solid State Drive (SSD) was carried out with the Grr Rapid Response framework for lost data in an organization. The forensic work step is implemented from the National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST). The Grr Rapid Response Framework is used to provide responses to incidents of digital forensics focused on remote forensic environments, this framework is based on a client server architecture. The results of this study indicate that NIST's forensic work steps can be implemented in the process of taking digital evidence with live forensic acquisition methods, the ability of forensic tools in the Grr Rapid Response examination process on Workstations (Client Grr) with SSD storage media, digital evidence can be found and returned. Digital evidence that can be returned is a document file, and the results of the validation of digital evidence have the same hash value from the two digital proof validation algorithms implemented, MD5 and SHA-1. So the results of the integrity of the document so that the digital evidence is identical.</em></p><p class="Abstrak"><em><strong><br /></strong></em></p>
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Sezonov, V. S. "The concept of the document in Forensic science." Law and Safety 84, no. 1 (March 24, 2022): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32631/pb.2022.1.22.
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Forensics as a science and sphere of practical activity cannot exist without a document, which is at the same time the main subject of forensic research, a carrier and a means of recording legal information. A document in Forensics is a basic, ambiguous, generalized concept, the definition and classification of which is not unanimous.The tasks of forensic documentation are: 1) development of forensic classification of documents, which will be based on various criteria; 2) development of methods for detecting the subject of forgery; 3) development of methods for rebuilding the information content of the document or its holder.The tasks of forensic classification of documents depend on the development of forensic properties of all types of modern documents. The study of forensic properties of documents is urgent, as the emergence of new types of documents, including electronic, requires an expansion of the list of documents that are involved in examinations. A document in Forensics is defined as a material object with information recorded on it, which is important for establishing the circumstances of criminal proceedings. The problem of using an electronic document as a source of evidence in criminal proceedings is analyzed in detail from the standpoint of the theory of criminal proceedings and forensic science.An electronic document as a source of judicial evidence is an object that carries information that is important for establishing the circumstances to be proved in criminal proceedings, and exists only in the electronic environment in a form acceptable for use in criminal proceedings.Electronic documents can act as a means of committing crimes in the field of computer information, as well as other crimes using computer technology, can be the object of criminal encroachment or information “traces” that arise during the preparation for crime and commission of criminal acts.A cryptocurrency is added to the subject of forensic research, which is essentially an electronic document, an object of civil rights, has value, turnover, place of storage and owner.
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Kipouras, Pavlos, and Inessa Ovsiannykova. "Forensic science activity in globalization context." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics 25, no. 3 (December 30, 2021): 169–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/khrife.3.2021.12.
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International forensic science activity in modern realities is becoming increasingly popular and characterized by increasing globalization processes in international relations, creation of a single information space, in which transnational relations of human rights and law enforcement organizations and forensic institutions, as well as individual forensic experts and scientists specializing in forensic science and forensic science activity.
This article purpose is to consider standardization and accreditation procedures (as the main areas of international cooperation in the field of forensic science activity in the context of globalization) and key tools for recognizing research results and forensic expert conclusions. Emphasis is placed on the fact that application of international standards in the field of forensic science is a priority that contributes to increasing reliability, transparency and confidence in forensic evidence and conclusions made by forensic expert.
It was emphasized that one of the important factors in improving efficiency of forensic science at the international level is cooperation with the European Network of Forensic Science Institutes (ENFSI) whose main activity is to improve information exchange of in forensics and improve of forensic science quality. Certain steps are proposed on the way for ensuring forensic expert independence, improving quality of forensic expert conclusions provided and effectiveness of forensic science activity in general.
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Romanos, Dr Paula. "Attorneys awareness of forensic science: A survey conducted in Lebanon." Polaris Global Journal of Scholarly Research and Trends 1, no. 1 (October 13, 2022): 38–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.58429/pgjsrt.v1n1a86.
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The relative association between the forensic science and the law is increasingly under spot. Since forensics is the application of science in order to serve the law, many forensic evidence types are widely used in the criminal justice system such as DNA, toxicology, GSR, fingerprint, firearm. To assure a better implementation of forensic investigation procedures, the attorneys awareness of forensic science is crucially required. Moreover, an increased concern about the attorneys knowledge and perception regarding forensic based investigations should be addressed. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the level of awareness among Lebanese attorney community by assessing their views and needs regarding forensics. A cross sectional study was conducted over 60 Lebanese lawyers from both genders residing in the five Lebanese governorates. The survey based questionnaire was well designed and carried on from May 2022 to October 2022 with 83% as responsive rate. The participants characteristics were under study as well as their views and needs statements in the purpose of investigating their relative association through the independent t-test. According to the results, this study revealed that the majority of the participants were unaware of the forensic science notions. As for the participants features, the results showed that there is a significant difference of technology advances awareness among participants that underwent past trainings and those who did not. Nevertheless, there is no significant difference in the participants intention to participate in future trainings among participants that underwent past trainings and those who did not. This research findings illustrated that 85% of the volunteers were willing to participate in future trainings. In addition, this study showed that the DNA evidence was picked as the preferred topic to be covered in upcoming trainings. This is due mainly to its high reliability and accuracy. Although this survey identified that the Lebanese lawyers that accomplished past trainings were more aware of some forensics concepts, yet a larger sample size is needed. Thus, it is very early to decisively predict the level of forensics awareness among the Lebanese attorney community. By conclusion, trainings aimed to increase the attorneys awareness regarding the importance of forensics are necessary to reduce the gaps in their personal views and fulfill their needs in future trainings.
Keywords: Attorneys awareness, Forensics, Lebanon, Needs, Views.
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Edmond, Gary, Alice Towler, Bethany Growns, Gianni Ribeiro, Bryan Found, David White, Kaye Ballantyne, et al. "Thinking forensics: Cognitive science for forensic practitioners." Science & Justice 57, no. 2 (March 2017): 144–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scijus.2016.11.005.
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Kasprzak, Jerzy, and Magdalena Kasprzak. "Forensics as a Science and Practice." Studia Iuridica Lublinensia 30, no. 4 (October 13, 2021): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2021.30.4.315-331.
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<p>Modern forensics is a science that has been dynamically developing in recent years, which is related both to the general development of science and technology and to the needs of the judiciary and law enforcement agencies. The main feature of forensics is its interdisciplinarity. All the facts presented cause that the identity of modern forensics is changing. It is, in a way, a natural process. However, it poses a great danger of disintegrating this science. The article presents a discussion on the constantly changing paradigm of forensics, its goals and tasks. Such important theoretical issues have a large impact on forensic practice, primarily on expert opinions, teaching forensics and knowledge of forensics by lawyers.</p>
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Sulley, Y. S., and L. Quansah. "Assessing the state of forensic support to criminal investigations in Ghana: A case study in the Greater Accra Region." Ghana Journal of Science 62, no. 2 (January 1, 2022): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjs.v62i2.5.
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The study assessed the state of forensic support to criminal investigations by measuring public awareness, knowledge and perception of forensic science in Ghana. A simple random technique was employed to elicit information from 200 consented respondents in selected neighbourhoods in Accra through face to face interviews, questionnaire responses, and random phone calls. The study identified forensic science education as a key challenge among others in the forensic sector. The state of forensics support to criminal investigations in Ghana was rated on the scale of good (10.5%), bad (81.5%) and very bad (8%) indicating that forensic science in Ghana has “gone dark”. The study’s findings call for respective stakeholders and policymakers of Ghana to prioritize forensic support to criminal investigations to promote safety, security, and sustainable economic development.
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ARON, Ioan. "Criminal expertise of traffic accidents." SERIES VII - SOCIAL SCIENCES AND LAW 13(62), no. 2 (January 26, 2021): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31926/but.ssl.2020.13.62.4.2.
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The processes of extension and globalization of the criminal phenomenon determine the judicial bodies to reconsider the approach of the methods of finding and preventing crimes. An important place in this context is occupied by forensic expertise, based on the knowledge of maternal science, forensics, but also on technical, natural, legal sciences and of course procedural norms, which determine the principles and conditions for correct resolution of issues of interest to the judiciary.
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Alotaibi, Fahad Mazaed, Arafat Al-Dhaqm, and Yasser D. Al-Otaibi. "A Novel Forensic Readiness Framework Applicable to the Drone Forensics Field." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (February 28, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8002963.
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The Drone Forensics (DRFs) field is a branch of digital forensics, which involves the identification, capture, preservation, reconstruction, analysis, and documentation of drone incidents. Several models have been proposed in the literature for the DRF field, which generally discusses DRF from a reactive forensic perspective; however, the proactive forensic perspective is missing. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel forensic readiness framework called Drone Forensics Readiness Framework (DRFRF) using the design science method. It consists of two stages: (i) proactive forensic stage and (ii) reactive forensic stage. It considers centralized logging of all events of all the applicants within the drone device in preparation for an examination. It will speed up gathering data when an investigation is needed, permitting the forensic investigators to handle the examination and analysis directly. Additionally, digital forensics analysts can increase the possible use of digital evidence while decreasing the charge of performing forensic readiness. Thus, both the time and cost required to perform forensic readiness could be saved. The completeness, logicalness, and usefulness of DRFRF were compared to those of other models already existing in the DRF domain. The results showed the novelty and efficiency of DRFRF and its applicability to the situations before and after drone incidents.
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Yousefsaber, Fatemeh, Zeinab Naseri, and Amir Hosein Hasani. "A Short Review of Forensic Microbiology." Avicenna Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infection 9, no. 2 (June 29, 2022): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ajcmi.2022.14.
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Background: Microbial forensics is a multidisciplinary area, which has been recently considered an effective tool in forensic investigations. This growing field of forensics covers a wide spectrum of different branches of science, including biology, chemistry, physics, geology, mathematics, and computer sciences, leading to a practical approach that can be applied in several areas such as bioterrorist actions, environmental issues, emerging and reemerging diseases, as well as reliable trace evidence at a crime scene. Methods: The information has been gathered via Google Scholar using several keywords, including forensic microbiology, bioterrorism, forensic investigation, and trace evidence. The data were from reliable articles and books published over 50 years. This paper is a short review of forensic microbiology with a bioinformatics perspective to use in different fields such as the court. Results: It is known that using either microorganisms or their toxins is a low-cost potential tool with serious morbidity and mortality rates that can spread all around the world by food or water supplies or even through the air, making them a perfect candidate bioweapon with minimum traceability. Studies have indicated that environmental conditions plus biological and abiotic factors would affect the following analysis and the final validation, which is an essential step in the forensic investigation due to its highly effective role in the court vote. To face different challenges, law enforcement has the infrastructure for attribution and deterrence (e.g., following the exact microbial forensics program) so that it can be used in court. Developing more reproducible, sensitive, and accurate methods, preparing a wide reliable database, and devoting the right amount of budget will help improve the whole forensic procedure in the legal system. Conclusions: The current paper is a short review of how forensic scientists can use microbial features on a crime scene to clarify and enhance the procedure to solve different criminal cases.
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Karepanov, Nikolay V. "The influence of the paradigm of forensic science on law enforcement." Law Enforcement Review 4, no. 3 (October 5, 2020): 158–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.24147/2542-1514.2020.4(3).158-167.
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The subject. The subject of the study is the relationship between the methodology of the theory of forensic science and law enforcement issues. The nature of the forensic science and the paradigms of theory are subject to significant changes today. Philosophical and scientific postulates revealed differences in post-non-classical science. The author substantiates the need for the evolution of some essential criteria of scientific knowledge in forensic science. The article deals with the concepts of private forensic theories and the structure of the general theory of forensics. It shows the impact of scientific research on the needs of practice, the ambiguous nature of the preparation of practical recommendations, the complex path from basic forensic research to the integration of investigative methods in investigative practice. The purpose of the article is to confirm or disprove the hypothesis that changing the general forensic paradigms should lead to changes in the method of detecting and using traces of crimes in criminal proceedings. The methodology of the research includes analysis, synthesis, deduction as well as private scientific methods of forensics, in particular, the doctrine of traces. The main results of the research. Any scientific research, especially in the field of forensics, is aimed at solving practical problems if they are unsolvable by existing methods and recommendations. Sometimes the problem, especially at the initial stage of its study, is difficult to be identified clearly. First of all, you need to prove that it exists, then define it in general, and only then look for approaches, methods of scientific research of its causes and essence, and concentrate on finding a solution. In forensic science, this is expressed in the identification of inefficiency in solving the problems of investigating crimes using existing scientific recommendations. One of the essential elements of private forensic theories is their practical implementation. Practical orientation in forensics implies the availability of knowledge that is potentially suitable for the development of practical recommendations on methods, techniques for detecting traces of crime and related events, means of collecting evidence, the possibilities of using the extracted and processed information for the purposes of criminal proceedings. The relevance of the results is determined by the significance of the scientifically proven tasks, questions and problems. For investigative practice, it is not the status of theoretical recommendations that is important, but their qualitative content. Conclusions. Relevance in practice does not always determine the scientific significance of theoretical research in forensic science. The fundamental nature of scientific knowledge and overcoming outdated paradigms require time and at a certain stage may not be in demand in practice. However, changes in scientific views are strategically necessary for law enforcement and should be reflected in recommendations for forensic practitioners.
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Mikhaleva, Natal’ya V. "Contemporary View on Objects of Environmental Forensics." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science 16, no. 3 (November 4, 2021): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2021-3-26-31.
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The article reviews the concept of the object of forensic science, which is essential for expert research and the identification of classes, genera, species, and subspecies of forensic examinations, as well as their classification.The author presents the objects of environmental forensics as generic objects, gives their definition, analyzes their properties and features. It is also shown that the objects of environmental forensics are divided into the actual objects of research and samples for comparative research. Furthermore, the researcher indicates the possible instances of the intersection of studies of environmental forensics’ objects with other examinations. Finally, the author emphasizes the necessity of compliance by a forensic ecologist with the limits of his competence in such cases.
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Tchaou, Aliloulaye. "Phase-Oriented Advice and Review Structure (PARS) for Digital Forensic Investigations." Advances in Multidisciplinary and scientific Research Journal Publication 1, no. 1 (July 26, 2022): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22624/aims/crp-bk3-p28.
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The PARS is the first documented peer review methodology for the digital forensics field, a six staged approach designed to formally support organizations and their staff in their goal of facilitating effective peer review of digital forensic work, from investigative tasks to forensic activities and forensic analysis processes (Pollitt et al., 2018). This assignment discusses how the PARS methodology can be implemented, and the available options and mechanisms available to ease the interpretation of this model into existing practices. Both the early ‘Advisor’ and later ‘Reviewer’ roles in PARS are discussed and their requirements and expectations are defined. Keywords: Digital forensics, Peer review, Digital evidence, Quality assurance, Forensic science Multi-staged Rview, Multi-person Review BOOK Chapter ǀ Research Nexus in IT, Law, Cyber Security & Forensics. Open Access. Distributed Free Citation: Aliloulaye Tchaou (2022): Phase-Oriented Advice and Review Structure (PARS) for Digital Forensic Investigations Book Chapter Series on Research Nexus in IT, Law, Cyber Security & Forensics. Pp 173-180 www.isteams.net/ITlawbookchapter2022. dx.doi.org/10.22624/AIMS/CRP-BK3-P28
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Tenishev, A. P. "Antitrust forensics: concept and content." Russian competition law and economy, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32686/2542-0259-2020-1-38-41.
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Effective investigation of antitrust offenses, including crimes, is an urgent task that requires not only deep scientific justification, but also the development of a set of practical recommendations. Regularities of the mechanism for committing antitrust offenses (including crimes), the occurrence of information about the antitrust offense (crime) and its participants, the collection, research and use of evidence and special means and methods of judicial research and prevention of violations of antitrust laws based on these knowledges at present do not fit into the framework of a private forensic technique.The article includes the definition of the concept of antitrust forensics. Justified the need of developing an independent branch of forensic science — antitrust forensics, which includes the theoretical part, antitrust forensic techniques, antitrust forensic tactics and antitrust forensic techniques.
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Klevno, Vladimir A., and Yuri V. Nazarov. "Forensic medicine in germany: past and present." Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine 7, no. 2 (July 2, 2021): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/fm371.
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This article based on the unique English-language publication history of forensic medicine, edited by Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Burkhard Madea, continues the series of publications on the state of forensic medicine globally, its past, present, and future. The initial articles were devoted to the organization of forensic medical examination of the United States of America, England, and China. The current article details the development and structure of the forensic expert service in the Federal Republic of Germany (Germany) from its origin to the present state. Both the main stages of its development and the modern organizational structure have been discussed. The article also states the primary points of teaching forensics at German medical universities as well as the order of specialization and postgraduate education of specialists. In addition, publishing activities and the principles for the formation of professional communities of forensic experts are covered. The study concludes that forensic medicine in Germany has over a century-old history and has established the optimal ratio of science and practice in activities. These aspects position forensic medicine in Germany as the best forensic medical service in the world.
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Zala, K. "FORENSIC SCIENCE: Dirty Science: Soil Forensics Digs Into New Techniques." Science 318, no. 5849 (October 19, 2007): 386–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.318.5849.386.
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Dumchykov, M. "THE PROCESSES OF DIGITIZATION AND FORENSICS: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS." Criminalistics and Forensics, no. 65 (May 18, 2020): 100–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2020.65.10.
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The article deals with some aspects of digitalization of forensic activity, such as improving the efficiency of search and cognitive activity of an investigator using digital technologies, and effective organization of such activity. Use of computer hardware, software, various computer and digital technologies and scripting to investigate crimes. The definitions of “digital trace” and “virtual trace” demonstrate the complexity of these issues. Certain dynamic movement of criminal activity in the information environment is analyzed. Defines the concept of virtual trace as a specific trace of certain actions in the information space of computer devices and their network systems. In considering the definition of the concept of virtual trace, the views of scientists such as V.A. Meshcheriakov, V.V. Poliakov and Smushkin A.V. The aspects of consideration of forensic digitization are identified, among which the main ones are: – use of digital technologies to increase the effectiveness of search and cognitive activity of the investigator, effective organization of this activity at the present level, optimization of interaction of different bodies, institutions in the investigation of crimes. – the use of information and communication technologies to investigate crimes. – solving didactic tasks in the field of training, retraining, advanced training of investigators, criminal investigators, forensic experts, improvement of their qualification, exchange of experience. The further question of the development of forensic science in the field of information society is investigated. It is determined in what form the information forensics will exist, namely: A new section of classic forensics that focuses on working with digital and virtual footprints. The new science of “digital or virtual forensics”. 3. Independent forensic science within the framework of the general theory of forensic science, which integrates the development of virtual traces, the use of new technical means of finding, fixing, research, use in proving forensically relevant information, technologies that ensure the effectiveness of the investigator.
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Hikmatyar, Firmansyah Gustav, and Bambang Sugiantoro. "Digital Forensic Analysis on Android Smartphones for Handling Cybercrime Cases." IJID (International Journal on Informatics for Development) 7, no. 2 (January 7, 2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/ijid.2018.07204.
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As the times progressed, forensic science has developed rapidly. The science of forensics extends to new areas of technology ranging from digital forensics, computer forensics and mobile forensics. Mobile forensics in analyzing and collecting data is obtained from various resources, such as operating systems, communication lines and also various storage media. The most popular mobile operating system of the day is a smartphone based on android operating system. With android technology, criminals can use that technology as a crime medium ranging from overriding crime ideas, crime targets and crime scenarios. In this Final Project use forensic mobile application to get data residing in cell phone actors, in the form of text, sound, picture and video that have or not yet deleted in smartphone. In this study, a model for investigating the crime scene is the author using the Generic Computer Forensic Investigation Model (GCFIM). On the GCFIM model the investigator may be able to return to the previous stage because of the possibility of a changeable situation (both physical and digital), the investigation tools used, the crime tools used, and the level of investigative expertise. In this research also added weighting method of word TF-IDF, where this method can help to find keyword in digital evidence in the form of word / text.
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Asif Ibrahim and Syed Khurram Hassan. "The Role of Analytical Techniques in Crime Investigation." International Journal for Electronic Crime Investigation 6, no. 4 (December 15, 2022): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/ijeci.2022.0604123.
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Forensic science is becoming a growing discipline in crime scene investigation. The field of rhetorical science has recently undergone an intriguing evolution and significantly raised its public visibility. Advances in science and technology, increased dependence on law enforcement and court systems science, and media exposure have all contributed to the importance of forensics. Several completely unrelated fields have been associated with the name "forensics". Among the topics that commonly make headlines are acts of terrorism, a rise in gun ownership, drug misuse, and driving while under the influence of narcotics. The forensic scientist must rely on chemical analysis of trace amounts of materials such as drugs, explosives, discharge residues, toxicological specimens, paints, glass, fibers, soil, etc. to establish or rule out links between suspect and victim and scene in the absence of fingermarks and of material that could lead to the recovery of DNA. This instructional overview outlines the analytical issues that forensic chemists must deal with, as well as the current approaches and strategies used to solve them.
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Khatuntsev, N. A. "Standardization of Terms and Definitions in Computer Forensic Science." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science 12, no. 4 (December 30, 2017): 34–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2017-12-4-34-36.
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The current situation with the use of terms and definitions in the practice of computer forensics is examined. The author argues for the need to develop and issue a dedicated national standard: GOST R 5742902017 «Computer Forensic Science. Terms and Definitions». Problems with the drafting of the GOST are discussed, and pathways for further development of the computer forensics concept base are mapped out
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Kutuzova, N. D., and E. I. Maiorova. "Environmental Forensic Science in the System of the Russian Ministry of Justice: Current State and Perspectives." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science 13, no. 3 (October 19, 2018): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2018-13-3-94-98.
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The paper examines the current state of environmental forensic science in the system of the RFCFS of the Russian Ministry of Justice. The authors highlight the courts’ growing demand for expert investigation of elements of the environment and whole ecosystems. The potential for developing environmental forensics in the system of forensic science organizations of the Russian Ministry of Justice is analyzed. The need for new structural divisions that would undertake environmental investigations on the territorial basis is demonstrated. Requirements are listed for the professional retraining of state environmental forensic scientists.
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Gilani, Sayyid Mohammad Yunus, and K. M. Zakir Hossain Shalim. "Forensic Evidence in Proving Crimes: Exploring the Legal Frameworks of Sharīʿah Bukti Forensik Bagi Membuktikan Jenayah: Menerokai Rangka Kerja Guaman Sharīʿah." Journal of Islam in Asia (E-ISSN: 2289-8077) 13, no. 1 (July 19, 2016): 220–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/jia.v13i1.530.
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AbstractForensic evidence is an evolving science in the field of criminal investigation and prosecutions. It has been widely used in the administration of justice in the courts and the Western legal system, particularly in common law. To accommodate this new method of evidence in Islamic law, this article firstly, conceptualizes forensic evidence in Islamic law. Secondly, explores legal frameworks for its adoption in Islamic law. Keywords: Forensic Evidence, legal framework, Criminal Investigation, Sharīʿah.AbstrakBukti forensik adalah sains yang sentiasa berkembang dalam bidang siasatan jenayah dan pendakwaan. Ia telah digunakan secara meluas dalam pentadbiran keadilan di mahkamah dan sistem undang-undang Barat, terutamanya dalam undang-undang common (common law). Untuk menampung kaedah pembuktian baru ini dalam undang-undang Islam, artikel ini, pertamanya, konseptualisasikan bukti forensik dalam undang-undang Islam. Kedua, ia menerokai rangka kerja undang-undang untuk penerimaannya dalam undang-undang Islam.Kata Kunci: Bukti Forensik, Rangka Kerja Guaman, Siasatan Jenayah, Sharīʿah.
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Carlton, Gregory H., and Gary C. Kessler. "Disconnects of Specialized Mobile Digital Forensics within the Generalized Field of Digital Forensic Science." International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking 10, no. 3 (July 2018): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijitn.2018070106.
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The study and practice of forensic science comprises many distinct areas that range from behavioral to biological to physical and to digital matters, and in each area forensic science is utilized to obtain evidence that will be admissible within the legal framework. This article focuses on inconsistencies within the accepted methodology of digital forensics when comparing the current best practices of mobile digital devices and traditional computer devices. Here the authors raise the awareness of this disconnect in methodology, and they posit that some specific tasks within the traditional best practices of digital forensic science are artifacts of ritual rather than based on scientific requirements.
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Surya, Taufik, and Muhammad Hikmawan Priyanto. "PERAN KEDOKTERAN FORENSIK DALAM PENGUNGKAPAN KASUS PEMBUNUHAN SATU KELUARGA DI BANDA ACEH." Jurnal Kedokteran Syiah Kuala 19, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jks.v19i1.18051.
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Abstrak. Ilmu Kedokteran Forensik merupakan bagian dari ilmu kedokteran yang mencakup pemeriksaan forensik terhadap korban kekerasan baik hidup (forensik klinik) maupun korban meninggal (forensik patologi) dan laksana pemeriksaannya meliputi metoda investigasi, aspek medikolegal, maupun psikopatologi. Dalam upaya pembuktian adanya kekerasan dibutuhkan suatu visum et repertum yang berisikan tentang laporan pemeriksaan forensik. Berikut laporan kasus dari tiga korban jenazah sebuah keluarga. Dari hasil pemeriksaan pada ketiga korban ditemukan luka terbuka di tubuh korban yang terletak pada ketiga leher korban dan luka memar yang terdapat pada masing-masing korban dengan jumlah dan lokasi berbeda. Luka terbuka didapatkan bervariasi baik letak maupun ukuran pada masing-masing korban, namun merupakan luka khas trauma tajam. Sebab kematian ketiga korban karena trauma mekanik akibat ruda paksa tajam dan pada salah satu korban juga terdapat trauma tumpul yang disebabkan pecahnya tulang tengkorak bagian kanan. Estimasi waktu kematian ketiga korban secara bersamaan 2-4 hari sebelum pemeriksaan dilakukan.Kata Kunci: Peran kedokteran forensik, trauma mekanik, kematian. Abstract . Forensic medicine is a part of medical science that includes forensic examination of victims of violence like life (clinical forensic) nor dead victims (forensic pathology) and its examination includes methods of investigation of medicolegal and psychopathology aspects. In attempt to prove that violence requires a visum et repertum containing the forensic examination report. The following is a case report of three bodies, the three victims are a family. From the results of the examination on the three victims were found open sores on the victim's body located on the third neck of the victim and bruises that are on each victim with the number and location of the various. Open wounds are found to vary both the location and size of each victim, but are typical of a sharp trauma injury. The cause the deaths of the three victims are due to mechanical trauma caused by sharp ruda and one of the victims is also due to blunt trauma that caused the rupture of the skull bone to the right. Estimated time of death of three victims simultaneously 2-4 days before the examination done.Keywords: The role of forensic medicine, mechanical trauma, death.
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Fesiunіn, V., and A. Tiapkіn. "ARCHIVES OF CRIMINOLOGY AND FORENSIC SCIENCES AND SCIENTIFIC HERITAGE OF M. S. BOKARIUS." Archives of Criminology and Forensic Sciences 2 (August 20, 2020): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/acfs.2.2020.07.
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Registration of new print media at National Scientific Centre «Hon. Prof. M. S. Bokarius Forensic Science Institute» is not accidental. Existing publications of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine: Official Bulletin of Ukraine, Bulletin of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine, the official collection: Systematic Collection of Current Legislation of Ukraine, the official periodical Codes of Ukraine, Theory and practice of Forensic science and Criminalistics by National Scientific Centre «Hon. Prof. M. S. Bokarius Forensic Science Institute», Criminalistics and Forensics by Kyiv Scientific Research Institute of Forensic Expertise, Interdepartmental scientific and methodological collection of the State Scientific Research Forensic Center (SSRFC) of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine and professional scientific and practical collection: Kryminalistychnyi visnyk “concise” purpose, aspect. The system clearly lacks a periodical with regular headings and which contains official publications on public, scientific, industrial and other issues, literary and artistic works, essays, illustrations, advertising, interviews, the historical heritage of the M. S. Bokarius, famous scientist and etc. According to the State Register, there are more than 12,000 certified forensic experts in the country. The position of a forensic expert is by its nature exceptional, as it has certain features. On the one hand, the work of the expert is to conduct with the use of their specific expertise (almost unlimited range of issues: science, technology, crafts, etc.) a scientifically sound study to establish the facts that have probative value in the investigation and trial of cases with another hand, a forensic expert acquires the status of a procedural person in the provision of the conclusion and thus in his professional activity combines the status of a specialist in the relevant field of knowledge, scientist and procedural subject. The purpose of the article is to carry out a scientific search for new research papers of the scientist and to study five issues of the Archives of Criminology and Forensic Sciences published in 1926-1927.
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Филяк, Петр Юрьевич, Сергей Владимирович Королев, and Никита Владимирович Тебеньков. "ENSURING THE INFORMATION SECURITY WITH THE USE OF TOOLS OF FORENSICS." ИНФОРМАЦИЯ И БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ, no. 4(-) (December 15, 2021): 571–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.36622/vstu.2021.24.4.009.
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Представлен подход к обеспечению информационной безопасности [1] с помощью применения инструментальных средств прикладной науки о расследовании и раскрытии преступлений, связанных с компьютерной безопасностью, известной под названием форензика . Рассматриваются кратко терминология, теоретические основы и подходы данной науки, а также представлен набор конкретных инструментов для реализации форензики в рамках программно-аппаратных комплексов, которые можно применять на практике в целях обеспечения информационной безопасности коммерческих и не коммерческих организаций, а также иных субъектов экономической деятельности. Представлены три программных продукта: OSForensics - комплект утилит для проведения компьютерной экспертизы, выполняющий поиск и анализ различных данных в системе, восстанавливающий данные, предоставляющий возможность просмотра следов активности пользователя; Belkasoft Evidence Center - инструмент для комплексной цифровой криминалистической экспертизы и расследования корпоративных инцидентов и Passware Kit Forensic - инструмент для поиска всех зашифрованных файлов на носителях информации. The paper presents an approach to ensuring information security through the use of tools of the applied science of investigation and disclosure of crimes related to computer security, known as forensics. The terminology, theoretical foundations and approaches of this science are briefly considered, as well as a set of specific tools for the implementation of forensis within the framework of software and hardware complexes that can be applied in practice in order to ensure information security of commercial and non-commercial organizations, as well as other subjects of economic activity. Three software products are presented: OSForensics - a set of utilities for conducting computer expertise, performing search and analysis of various data in the system, restoring data, providing the ability to view traces of user activity; Belkasoft Evidence Center - a tool for complex digital forensic examination and investigation of corporate incidents and Passware Kit Forensic -a tool for searching all encrypted files on data carriers.
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Stepaniuk, R. L., and T. P. Matiushkova. "Criminalistics and Forensic Sciences: Problems of Differentiation and Integration." Bulletin of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs 94, no. 3 (September 29, 2021): 263–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32631/v.2021.3.24.
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The authors have clarified perspectives for further development of criminalistics in Ukraine under the influence of integration processes of this science from Forensic Science. The genesis of the national model of criminalistics has been briefly studied; a comparative analysis of its content with Forensic Science has been accomplished; and the ways of further development of the system of criminalistics and related sciences in Ukraine have been defined considering the global tendencies of convergence of different models of this field of scientific knowledge. It has been emphasized that the use of the terms of “Criminalistics”, “Forensic Sciences” and “Criminal Investigation” is explained not just by the specifics of terminology in different countries, but primarily due to differences in defining the nature and internal content of these disciplines. According to the authors, the integration of tactical and technical criminalistics tools and methods of combating crime is quite acceptable and not only significantly enriches the arsenal of criminalistics, but determines its existence as an independent science. Such an approach allows us to consider criminalistics not just as one of the many sections of Forensic Sciences, but to single out it as one of the most comprehensive sciences that integrates all other forensic disciplines. The domestic model of criminalistics, in contrast to Forensic Science, represents the issues of a legal nature (criminalistics tactics and methodology), which makes it a science of dual (synthetic) nature. The integration processes observed in the development of criminalistics and Forensic Science are gradually leading to the convergence of these sciences in content. Given this, it is impractical to take further steps to disintegrate criminalistics in Ukraine by separating forensic expertise into a separate science. Otherwise, there will be a complete depletion of the natural and technical component of criminalistics, which may result in the disappearance of this science in general.
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Smith, Lindsay A. "The missing, the martyred and the disappeared: Global networks, technical intensification and the end of human rights genetics." Social Studies of Science 47, no. 3 (December 29, 2016): 398–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306312716678489.
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In 1984, a group of Argentine students, trained by US academics, formed the Argentine Forensic Anthropology Team to apply the latest scientific techniques to the excavation of mass graves and identification of the dead, and to work toward transitional justice. This inaugurated a new era in global forensic science, as groups of scientists in the Global South worked outside of and often against local governments to document war crimes in post-conflict settings. After 2001, however, with the inauguration of the war on terror following the September 11th attacks on the World Trade Center in New York, global forensic science was again remade through US and European investment to increase preparedness in the face of potential terrorist attacks. In this paper, I trace this shift from human rights to humanitarian forensics through a focus on three moments in the history of post-conflict identification science. Through a close attention to the material semiotic networks of forensic science in post-conflict settings, I examine the shifting ground between non-governmental human rights forensics and an emerging security- and disaster-focused identification grounded in global law enforcement. I argue that these transformations are aligned with a scientific shift towards mechanized, routinized, and corporate-owned DNA identification and a legal privileging of the right to truth circumscribed by narrow articulations of kinship and the body.
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Kuzmenkov, D. E., A. N. Khokh, and S. V. Rubinchik. "Conditions and Prerequisites for the Establishment of Environmental Forensics in the Republic of Belarus." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science 12, no. 4 (December 30, 2017): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2017-12-4-93-97.
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The article considers the prerequisites and conditions for the establishment of environmental forensics as a new branch of forensic science in the Republic of Belarus. The authors advocate conducting this type of examinations at special competency centers, such as the Scientific and Practical Center (SPC) of the State Forensic Examination Committee of the Republic of Belarus
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Matos, Iolanda Augusta Fernandes de, Vitoria Bonan Costa, Mariely Araújo de Godoi, Clemente Maia da Silva Fernandes, and Mônica da Costa Serra. "Aplicação da manufatura aditiva em Ciências Forenses: novas tecnologias a serviço da justiça e da sociedade." Research, Society and Development 12, no. 1 (January 12, 2023): e28412139725. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i1.39725.
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Nas Ciências Forenses, a tecnologia da manufatura aditiva vem sendo utilizada há alguns anos como ferramenta para auxiliar no processo de identificação humana. A possibilidade de imprimir provas importantes, como armas empregadas em crimes, objetos, ossos, dentes e restos corporais, torna-se interessante, uma vez que diminui a necessidade de movimentação e manuseio das provas originais. No entanto, por ser um método recente, são necessárias análises e padronizações para verificar qual a melhor técnica de impressão para cada caso. Com o objetivo de verificar o que há na literatura sobre o uso da manufatura aditiva em Ciências Forenses e no processo de identificação humana, foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura em diferentes bases de dados sobre o uso da impressão 3D em Ciências Forenses e no processo de identificação humana, utilizando os termos “3D print and forensic sciences”, “3D print and forensics”, addictive manufacture and forensics”, “3D print and human identification” e “addictive manufacture and human identification”; foi estabelecido o período de 2017 a 2022. Embora a impressão 3D pareça ser obtida de forma singular, sua confecção pode ser realizada de diversas formas, mas essa diversidade não afeta a fidedignidade da impressão. Armas, ossos, dentes, feridas, trajetórias de projéteis, impressões digitais ou de órgãos, entre outros são reproduzidos tridimensionalmente, e utilizados comumente em tribunais para auxiliar a Justiça. Os resultados encontrados apontam a grande precisão das réplicas obtidas a partir da impressão 3D, tanto quantitativamente (avaliação métrica) como qualitativamente (avaliação morfológica), indicando a validação da aplicação da manufatura aditiva em Ciências Forenses, assim auxiliando a Justiça e a sociedade.
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Hendrokumoro, Hendrokumoro, Moh Masrukhi, Lin Shofwata D., and I. Desak Ketut Titis Ary Laksanti. "Peran Linguistik Forensik pada Era Perkembangan Teknologi Komunikasi." Bakti Budaya 2, no. 2 (October 29, 2019): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/bb.50961.
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The introduction of forensic linguistics to government agencies engaged in law is a community service activity carried out by the Linguistic Masters Study Program, Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada on July 18, 2019. This activity was conducted at Wonogiri Regional Police Station and was attended by participants from the Wonogiri District Police, the Wonogiri District Court, and the Wonogiri District Prosecutor's Office. The introduction of forensic linguistics was dilivered through a presentation of previous studies relating to forensic linguistic problems. As technology develops, language problems in society also develop. The next stage is a joint discussion about problems experienced by the participants in their activities related to forensic linguistic problems. The community service aims to realize the goal of the government in educating public on social media.-------------------------------------------------------------Pengenalan linguistik forensik kepada badan pemerintah yang bergerak di bidang hukum merupakan salah satu bentuk kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat yang dilakukan oleh Program Studi Magister Linguistik, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Gadjah Mada pada 18 Juli 2019. Kegiatan ini dilakukan di Polres Wonogiri dan dihadiri oleh peserta dari Polres Wonogiri, Pengadilan Negeri Wonogiri, dan Kejaksaan Negeri Wonogiri. Pengenalan linguistik forensik dilakukan dengan tahap presentasi kajian terdahulu yang berkaitan dengan masalah lingustik forensik. Oleh karena teknologi semakin berkembang, maka masalah-masalah kebahasaan yang ada dalam masyarakat pun turut berkembang. Tahapan selanjutnya adalah diskusi bersama tentang persoalan-persoalan yang dialami oleh para peserta kegiatan terkait dengan masalah linguistik forensik. Kegiatan ini bertujuan mewujudkan cita-cita pemerintah untuk mencerdaskan masyarakat dalam bermedia sosial.
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Brown, Emmanuel Kpakpo. "Digital Forensic and Distributed Evidence." Advances in Multidisciplinary and scientific Research Journal Publication 1, no. 1 (July 26, 2022): 357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22624/aims/crp-bk3-p57.
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Digital Forensics investigation is the science and legal process of investigating computer/cybercrimes and digital media or objects to gather evidence. This new and fast evolving field encompasses computer forensics, network forensics, mobile forensics, cloud computing forensics, and IoT forensics; and for this reason have digital evidence distributed widely when the need arises for crime prosecution. Digital evidence must be authentic, accurate, complete, and convincing to the jury for legal admissibility at the court of law. In many instances due to the distributed nature of digital forensic evidence and the legal procedures to be adhered to in evidence gathering at a digital crime scene, presenting at the law courts have proven to be challenging and in some instances inadmissible. Following legal procedures in evidence gathering at a digital crime scene is critical for admissibility and prosecution. This paper aims to discuss digital forensics investigations jurisprudence in relation to distributed digital evidence. For the study to be relevant to policy and practice, forensic tools and frameworks, legal and ethical obligations, and digital evidence handling and admissibility are highlighted. This paper does not follow any forensic investigations process; but rather discusses the need for development and implementation of unique frameworks that could be utilised to gather distributed digital evidence required for admissibility in court. Keywords - Digital forensics investigations; Digital evidence; Jurisprudence BOOK Chapter ǀ Research Nexus in IT, Law, Cyber Security & Forensics. Open Access. Distributed Free Citation: Emmanuel Kpakpo Brown (2022): Digital Forensic and Distributed Evidence Book Chapter Series on Research Nexus in IT, Law, Cyber Security & Forensics. Pp 357-362 www.isteams.net/ITlawbookchapter2022. dx.doi.org/10.22624/AIMS/CRP-BK3-P57
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Frantsuz, A. J., and K. S. Kulinich. "THE ROLE OF CRIMINAL TACTICS IN THE ACTIVITIES OF PRIVATE DETECTIVES." Legal Bulletin 76, no. 6 (December 15, 2022): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31732/2708-339x-2022-06-10-15.
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The article analyzes the scientific approaches of criminologists to determine the nature, essential features of the concept of forensic tactics, the problems of the limits of its application, conducted a critical analysis. The current problems of defining the concept of "forensic tactics" and the possibility of using its tools in various types of law enforcement activities, including the activities of private detectives. Consideration of forensic tactics in a broad and narrow sense is proposed, highlighting the theoretical and practical aspects. Forensic tactics is considered as a scientific field, as well as the use of practical tools of forensic tactics in the activities of a private detective. It is proposed to define the concept of "forensic tactics" in the aspect of the activities of private detectives and outlines areas for further research. The role of forensic tactics in detective work is one of the steps that should be covered and described by many scientists, because forensic tactics is the basis of detective work - this is its important feature which holds almost all the effectiveness of a private detective, his strategy, strategy his behavior, the truth of his versions of a situation, systematics, psychological influence, analytical skills. That is why calling the topic relevant, I can say that many scientists have already studied the subject of forensic tactics, but due to the legal uncertainty of the institution of private detective work, such research is incomplete, because they do not contain the experience of detectives, precisely on the territory of Ukraine, subject to the Ukrainian regulation of this activity. Analyzing current trends in forensic tactics, determining the main innovative direction of research and problems of using tactical tools in law enforcement activities of detectives, which ensure its effectiveness and efficiency, is extremely important for direct business. The study established the relationship of forensic tactics with practice, modern advances in science and technology, trends in forensics and other sciences, pointed to the integrative nature of forensic knowledge, considered the modern understanding of forensic tactics, proposed its definition taking into account traditional and innovative approaches in crime. science.
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Lynch, Virginia A. "Forensic Nursing Science: An Evolution of the Global Forensic Sciences." Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil Universitesi, Yeni Yuzyil Journal of Medical Sciences 2, no. 4 (October 13, 2021): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.46629/jms.2021.51.
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СМИРНОВ, Александр Александрович. "USE OF CRIMINALLY SIGNIFICANT INFORMATION POSTED ON SOCIAL NETWORKS IN CRIME DETECTION AND INVESTIGATION." Расследование преступлений: проблемы и пути их решения, no. 4(34) (April 14, 2022): 114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.54217/2411-1627.2021.34.4.019.
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В статье исследуется развитие криминалистической науки в эпоху цифровизации, рассматривается понятие «цифровая криминалистика». Раскрывается понятие цифровых следов, а также рассмотрены особенности их фиксации и изъятия. Проанализированы перспективы развития криминалистики с учетом поставленных в настоящее время перед ней задач. The article examines the development of forensic science in the era of digitalization, considers the concept of “digital forensics”. The concept of “digital traces” is revealed, and the features of their fixation and seizure are considered. The author analyzes the prospects for the development of forensic science, taking into account the tasks it faces.
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Chesnokova, Elena V. "DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC ACTIVITY IS AN EXAMPLE OF THE SYNTHESIS OF SCIENCE AND FORENSIC PRACTICES AND EDUCATION." RUDN Journal of Law 24, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2337-2020-24-1-193-202.
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The features of the joint educational project of RUDN and RFCFS on preparation of masters on the program “Forensic activity in law enforcement” are illustrated. Among them is the direct connection of the teaching staff of the Department “Forensic activity” of the law Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, represented by employees of the RFCFS, with practical expert activities. The role of the joint council for the protection of scientific degrees of doctor and candidate of Sciences in the specialty 12.00.12 - criminalistics, forensic activity, operational-search activity created on the basis of the RUDN and RFCFS is considered. It represents the final link in the system of training of higher education personnel in the field of forensic activity. The main forms of international activities of the Department, which include the study and exchange of experience in the framework of relations between the CIS member States, the Shanghai cooperation organization (SCO), the European Union (EU), are considered. Presented the prospects of its development in preparation for placement as a mandatory discipline “the Theory of judicial examination” in the educational process of bachelors and the creation of transferable teaching materials on forensics and criminology that contains integrated knowledge about the history of the development of the modern state of science in Russia and abroad to attract foreign students.