Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Scientifique et Médical'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 48 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Scientifique et Médical.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Faure, Pascaline. "Pour une grammaire métaphorique de l'anglais de spécialité : application de la théorie de la grammaire d'opérations à la didactique de l'anglais médical." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR21007.
Full textOur research was motivated by the desire to elaborate, through application of the linguistic theory of operations, an original treatment of english grammar in a course designed for french-speaking health professionals. As we felt we first needed to bring to light the specificity of those for whom we intended our didactic work, we carried out a survey of our target group. This survey, the results of which make up the first part of our study, aimed at specifying the profiles, linguistic needs and expectations of the health-professionals interested in following a medical english course. In addition, there is to be found a summary statement of the various types of courses and modules, the many learning devices and tools on the market, and the certificates and diplomas that can be prepared by the students. We present, in the second part of our thesis, our suggestions concerning the use of a metaphorised version of grammar: a result of our concern about the need to offer learners a coherent and comprehensible vision of the english grammatical system through vectors carefully chosen from medicine-related fields. All the operations associated with the three basic grammatical categories - the noun, verb and sentence - are analysed in contrast to those corresponding in other indo-european languages, and put back, for some, in a diachronic dimension. Examples in context, including articles taken from english medical journals, jokes and cartoons illustrate operations and general principles. Our "linguistic transgenesis" effort would probably have been considered to be sheer utopianism if it had not been tested out on students by means of questionnaires designed to assess both the popularity and the "therapeutic" effectiveness of our approach. The results of these evaluations comprise the third part of our research
Margerard, Anne-Laurence. "Analyse lexicométrique d'un corpus de textes en psychiatrie : intentions vulgarisatrices et stratégies discursives dans les ouvrages de vulgarisation." Phd thesis, Université Jean Moulin - Lyon III, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00666924.
Full textRoussignol, Ines. "L'apport des théories scientifiques (expérimentales et médicales) dans le vocabulaire rural, scientifique et général d'Émile Zola." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCD004/document.
Full textÉmile Zola tells his vision about the scientific progress in concordance with the literary doctrine of naturalism and the historical and scientific context of the Second French Empire, in the sociological context of the rural exodus of the end of the nineteenth century characterizing the French contryside. Combining these three decisive facts, Zola manages to deliver a strong masterpiece containing a type of scientificity non conforming to the ideal literary and social canons of the time. He relies on Claude Bernard’s doctrines of experimental method and Prosper Lucas’heredity and the others medical practitioners. The predominance of scientific, hereditary, alcoholic and violent semantic fields defines the use of common vocabulary based on thematics and specific lexical networks. The peasant is depicted as a violent, ignorant, non educated, pagan, alcoholic, brutish, being clannish and attracted by the lucre. Zola oppose the science et the religion for promoting his progressive ideas
Cartellier, Dominique. "La communication scientifique face à l'industrialisation : mutations et enjeux dans l'édition scientifique, technique et médicale." Grenoble 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE39045.
Full textScientific, technical and medical publishing are subject to the increasing dominance of the industries of mass culture and information. Their power alters the conditions required for publishing to operate in an independent manner and jeopardises its role in scientific communication. Scientific, technical and medical books only play a secondary role as a medium of scientific communication. But, they retain a certain legitimacy in that they are determined by the constraints of scientific endeavour. They are subject to the logic of supply, the logic of science but above all the logic of demand, a mercantile force that tends to prevail. As a result, scientific publishing is less and less an instrument for communicating and promoting science. Publishers are subject to production requirements that are specific to the world of science, which imposes its own standards and endorsement processes. They make only a slight contribution to the organization of publishing as a whole and the control they exercise is increasingly commercial in nature. The acceleration of the industrial process, caused in particular by the development of new technology, does not appear to contribute any additional energy to the sector, which is particularly influenced by the logic of the information industries, proposing increasingly customized services based on upstream control of information flows. The transformation of the sector must also be seen in the context of changes in the world of scientific communication, where technical media and market forces play an increasingly important role
Saminadayar, Oddou Marie-Jeanne. "Les étudiants et les études scientifiques à l'université : l'exemple du DEUG "sciences des structures et de la matiere" à l'Université scientifique, technologique et médicale de Grenoble." Université Pierre Mendès France (Grenoble ; 1990-2015), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE29057.
Full textA pragmatic approach to the subject deals with the issues of scientific education in the developed countries and the specific french post-baccalaureat education system. A statistic approach using the replies to three questionnaires gives figures on the following points : characteristics of the student population (low grade-rated, unmotivated students), comparison between the student's perception of the university as he arrives for the first time and one year after, comparison between the learning difficulties as perceived by "high level" and "low level" students. In the third part, we discuss on the following points : difficulties in learning science at the university, models of the learning process, the evaluation of a course, the status of the faculty members. . . The main conclusion is that it is necessary to create a new structure, the university college, which will be an intermediate institute between the present "second cycle" of the french university and the "lycee"
Marchand, Claire. "Le médecin et l'alimentation : Principes de nutrition et recommandations alimentaires en France (1887-1940)." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR2007/document.
Full textThe history of medicine and the evolution of the hygienist doctrine are traditional historiography topics. However, only a few researches explicitly focused on the medicals roles in the emergence of new eating behaviors. Based on the prosopography method, our work focuses on the evolutions of nutritionals discourses, the prophylactic actions and vulgarization initiatives taken by a medical group concerning elaboration of food recommendations. By studying the eating act in itself as well as the diet, food hygiene, and the learning of good eating habits, these physicians are considered a pioneer group in food hygiene. They introduced the theoretical knowledge and dietetics practices developed in France in the late 19th century. Social reformism was the key point of their thoughts. If the physician figure is the heart of this research, the individual careers comparison gives us a more global idea on the particular place of food in the medical practice
Carnet, Anaïs. "L’utilisation de séries télévisées pour l’enseignement/apprentissage de la communication pour la consultation médicale." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0188.
Full textThe objective of this research in English for Specific Purposes is to measure the impact of the use of television series on the teaching/learning of communication for medical consultation. It is largely rooted in the field of teaching and learning as existing theories and methodologies are studied with the aim of creating an innovative programme to teach medical students how to communicate during a consultation. This research is innovative as it compares the effectiveness of three types of documents: pedagogical documents, a medical television series and a mix of medical and non-medical television series. The first part of this thesis, which introduces medical English as a sub-genre of English for Specific Purposes, offers a reflection on the language of medical consultation, as well as its cultural aspect, by deconstructing its dynamics. The second part constitutes the methodological framework, in which the different construction phases of the new programme are introduced, and the scientific protocols are outlined. The third part is dedicated to the analyses and discussion of the data obtained during the research, in order to shed light on how the television series tool influences the students' ability to communicate with a foreign patient during a medical consultation. The results show that even if the use of television series is statistically less effective than educational documents in memorizing, using and perpetuating communicational knowledge, their use leads to changes in the representation of the professional posture on the cognitive level
Duong, Sophie. "Les "hermaphrodites", des phénomènes au carrefour des savoirs et des conceptions scientifiques et philosophiques : une étude sur l'"objectivation" scientifique et médicale des hermaphrodites de la Renaissance au début du XVIIe siècle." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA070025.
Full textThis work aims to propose a conceptual history of hermaphrodism during the 16th and the early 17th centuries, through the study of the scientific and philosophical concepts linked to the existence of human hermaphrodites, in the conceptual evolution of the idea/the notion of « monsters », of generation, of differentiation of sexes and of the organization of genitalia. On the one hand, this study intends to show that during the Renaissance in Europe (Germany, Italy, Spain, France), the ancient and medieval heritage of scholarships and conceptions linked to hermaphrodites and monsters was the subject of scholars' questions and research and was renewed and enriched through the re-discovery of anatomy, in particular for hermaphrodites. On the other hand, its purpose is to demonstrate that an impulse, itself renewed, tried to restore hermaphrodites and monsters only In the domain of natural sciences, excluding them from the domain of divination from the second-naïf of the 16th century onwards, or even attempted to consider hermaphrodites only as human beings certainly presenting an anomaly, but a minor anomaly which nevertheless calls into question one's belonging to one or the other gender. Far from proposing a linear conceptual history, but considering the possible influences of these concepts on the conditions and social status of hermaphrodites, this study highlights two « traditions >; in the interpretation and presentation of hermaphrodites, which coexisted during the 16th century and raised questions still debated during the next centuries, such as the existence of the « perfect » hermaphrodite
Canselier, Guillaume. "Les données acquises de la science : les connaissances scientifiques et la faute médicale en droit privé." Paris 1, 2006. https://www.bnds.fr/collection/theses-numeriques-de-la-bnds/les-donnees-acquises-de-la-science-9782848741338.html.
Full textMusset, Olivier. "Développement de sources lasers solides accordables ou monoraies : applications médicales et scientifiques." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOS052.
Full textPerifano, Alfredo. "L'alchimie à la cour de Come Ier de Médicis : culture scientifique et système politique." Paris 8, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA080514.
Full textCosmo of medicis (1519-1574) felt a great interest towards alchemy as his contemporaries attest. He devoted himself to an intense activity of distillation and experimentation in his laboratory called "duke's fonderia". Various manuscripts of alchemy dedicated to the duke show this interest and favour towards alchemy at the florence court, as well as the relationship between alchemy, medecine, pharmacology, metallurgy and botanic. Even if alchemy was never admitted as an official science, the presence of her thought and practice at the cosmo's court shows the part played by this science on this specific cultural and scientific context
Pirnay, Philippe. "La greffe du visage : réflexions éthiques et progrès scientifique." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05T007.
Full textThe ethical questions about the face transplant seem unavoidable. What risks can be tolerated, not irresponsibly, but in conscience, in the interest of the patient ? To what extent the ethical issues have been addressed by surgical teams prior to the completion of transplants ? Can ethics justify this intervention? A study of the scientific literature and general press of every team having performed the face transplant was conducted to determine the ethical issues raised by this transplantation. They affect both the donor and his family and the recipient. From these items, a questionnaire survey was conducted with the same surgical team to assess the management of these ethical issues. To open the debate, involving the community for educational and trace the way of the new acceptances, 1000 French surgeons were also interviewed by a questionnaire. The results were used to explore the issue of consent of the donor's family, the place of family in respect of memory and the will of the deceased. Explorer also respect the body, medical confidentiality, respect for donor anonymity, the role of media in the first major surgery, and finally the concept of consent of a vulnerable patient and that of the risk / benefit ratio for treatment whose benefits are still uncertain. As part of the face such questions are essential human dimension ... To testify early work focused on the symbolism of the face, disfigurement, historical, legal, institutional, and religious challenges
Shen, Juan. "Patrimoine et audiovisuel : Enjeu de la médiation scientifique dans la communication des connaissances." Paris 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA020126.
Full textKassardjian, Elsa. "Appropriation de concepts en situation d'éducation non formelle : cas d'une exposition scientifique sur les OGM : une exposition scientifique peut-elle influencer l'opinion que ses visiteurs ont (ou se font) des OGM?" Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10121.
Full textSilvi, Christine. "L'expression du vrai dans le discours scientifique médiéval en langue vulgaire (XIIIème-début XIVème siècle) : étude linguistique." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040268.
Full textBenmoussa, Nadia. "Collections anatomiques en oto-rhino-laryngologie : intérêt scientifique et tensions éthiques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLV030/document.
Full textThe various sets of anatomical collections of the head and neck region are housed in either archaeological or natural science museums. The status of these collections is ambiguous because they are both human remains and also important museum pieces.The objective of this thesis is to demonstrate the scientific interest of the study of these collections through of several articles, and to address the ethical issues and legal contexts that surround these samples.The scientific study of the human remains of the head and neck allows the improvement of our knowledge of the natural history of diseases: epidemiology, co-infections, and the evolution of medical-surgical practices. This thesis confirms that we cannot denature or destroy these collections given their important scientific purpose and the fact that the scientific disposal of the human corpse is far from being accepted by all. On the one hand, it is necessary to establish and render statistically acceptable research in basic science on human remains and legalize the constitution of collections to advance research The provisions of the law relating to the collection of human biological samples does not exist and do not explicitly apply to educational collections or historical museum collections. At present, each institution has the power to display or hide these collections, either having a rather conservative attitude by limiting studies, or rather dynamic by promoting research on these pieces. Forced to admit that there is little attention paid to these collections; without actions they will lead to abandonment, but to be interested in the dead is above all to try to understand the living and to have a better knowledge of what we are, where we come from and where we are headed. These collections make it possible to transmit an inheritance to our descendants and we have been bestowed the role of guardian.However, the matter is for the moment almost impossible. There is a wealth and multiplicity of situations, each case is unique. It is therefore not possible to come up with a universal management plan, and only a collegiality of experts can make it possible to decide the future of these remains or to take a stand with respect to their scientific exploitation, in the respect of the laws of bioethics. The establishment of a national network along with the establishment of partnerships is one of the keys to ensure future growth and success
Jimenez, Jean. "Réalisations audiovisuelles dans la vulgarisation de la recherche scientifique : bilan d'une collaboration." Toulouse 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU20110.
Full textThis thesis analyses the interface between academic research, audiovisual media, and popularization. It explores the complex relationship of the research worker or academic who chooses the film medium both to enhance his work and make it accessible to the general public, and the film-maker who uses a different approach and different tools that must be made readily available to the researcher with whom he is working. This study appraises the combined energies of research and film-making in the Arts and Humanities. If this innovative collaboration proves fertile, an efficient popularization of the object of research can be achieved. The first part encompasses various definitions of scientific popularization in its theorical as well as historical developments through cinema and television. In the second part, the author draws examples from his own films to analyse his experience with researchers as they negotiate between scientific discourse and cinématographic discourse, taking into account technical, economic, sociological and deontological implications. The third part uses three films broadcast on French television to ponder on audiovisual rhetorical strategies used to translate science into image and their impact on a public of teenagers. The fourth part explores the role of the image and the status of speech through two films in order to assess the parts played by film-maker and academic in their shared attempt at constructing, composing and transmitting an effective message that goes beyond mere recipes. A one-volume appendix - which includes 13 examples taken from films (composed of shooting scripts, original projects, transcriptions of commentaries and dialogues, extracts, etc. ) and 1 from a CD-Rom – illustrates the argument of the thesis
Delmotte, Stéphanie. "La formalisation des publications scientifiques : les sciences humaines et sociales à la recherche de fondements scientifiques." Phd thesis, Paris 10, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00465668.
Full textSince the 1980's, knowledge accessible via the internet has been steadily growing in importance and popularity. Since 2002, new innovating format solutions have tried to answer the issues encountered in digital processing of scientific digital publications. Scientific data needs to adapt to new ways of accessing knowledge and be standardized matching other globalization standards. Since the 1950's, various fields have been conducted critical thinking studies of the epistemological foundations on the discourse of Human and Social sciences. The use of new technologies comes along with a need to define the specific attributes of Human Sciences discourse. We are studying how the scientific communications practices have adapted with new writing, reading, referencing, editing, and disclosure practices. The digital document emergence brings the obligation to think over the content organization, structure, and method of implementation of the information in one single location to answer the needs of scientific thinking
Huybrechts, Valérie. "Ethique de la recherche appliquée à la chirurgie : Evaluation de la protection des personnes et de l’intégrité scientifique dans la recherche en chirurgie." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05D016/document.
Full textHochet, Derevianckine Gwendoline. "Feasibility and performance of a LoRa 2.4 GHz network." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, INSA, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ISAL0127.
Full textThe long-range (LoRa) technology and the LoRaWAN protocol, which mainly uses the sub-GHz frequency bands, subject to regional laws, have become widely used as a result of the rise of the Internet of Things (IoT). To overcome these limitations, Semtech has released a version of LoRa dedicated to the 2.4 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band, which, among others, is worldwide available and has no duty-cycle limitations. However, this frequency band is already used by many wireless technologies, such as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth (BT), as well as by common devices like microwaves and surveillance cameras. It is essential to evaluate the feasibility and the possible performance of this frequency band shift before deploying LoRa on a large scale in the 2.4 GHz ISM band. This thesis proposes a comprehensive experimental evaluation of LoRa technology in the 2.4 GHz ISM band, including a comparison of its communication range and reliability with the European sub-GHz band (868 MHz). We also study the coexistence of LoRa and Wi-Fi when they are overlapping transmissions. To improve the coexistence, we propose and compare several frequency hopping (FH) strategies for LoRa. Although the latter proposal is based on simulation, we also propose an original methodology for evaluating a frequency band and selecting the less noisy channels, which could facilitate the implementation of FH strategies in future LoRa 2.4 GHz gateways. Our work provides important recommendations for the deployment and expansion of LoRa in the 2.4 GHz ISM band
Brouat, Thérèse. "Le dire et l'induireContribution à la didactique de l'anglais des spécialités scientifiques et techniques." Chambéry, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997CHAML004.
Full textThis research aims at studying advertisements for computer products published in british and american computer magazines in order to identify their potential with a view to teaching English to computing students. The analysis deals with the way argumentation is built on the close association of pictures and discourse. It emphasizes the effects of their dynamic interaction on the receiver and the role of the latter in construing meaning. Ranging from a descriptive pole where referential function prevails and a poetic pole open to connotations, advertisements for computer products are hybrid and multidimensional messages. Our approach consists in showing how scientific reference is embedded in other discourse types such as description, explanation, dialogue, story-telling, illustration, poetry, etc. , to appeal to the reader's emotional and rational sides. When the reader is an ESP student, these multidimensional messages can be adapted into teaching material in order to meet specific language needs that include, but are not limited to, technical terminology. For ESP teachers, advertisements provide a mine of easily updatable information in an ever-evolving domain. The last part of this research gives suggestions and guidelines on how to integrate advertisements for computer products in a course for ESP students. It focuses on activities that build on the cognitive, cultural and affective energy of learners and involve them in the process of mastering comprehension and production skills
Durieux, Valérie. "Le collaborative tagging appliqué à l'information médicale scientifique: étude des tags et de leur adoption par les médecins dans le cadre de leurs pratiques informationnelles." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209555.
Full textTous les types d’informations ne pouvant être étudiés, la présente dissertation se focalise sur l’information médicale scientifique utilisée par les médecins dans le cadre de leur pratique professionnelle. Elle propose, dans un premier temps, de mesurer le potentiel des tags assignés dans deux systèmes de collaborative tagging (Delicious et CiteULike) à décrire l’information en les comparant à des descripteurs attribués par des professionnels de l’information pour un même échantillon de ressources. La comparaison a mis en lumière l’exploitabilité des tags en termes de dispositifs de recherche d’informations mais a néanmoins révélé des faiblesses indéniables par rapport à une indexation réalisée par des professionnels à l’aide d’un langage contrôlé.
Dans un second temps, la dissertation s’est intéressée aux utilisateurs finaux en quête d’informations, c’est-à-dire les médecins, afin de déterminer dans quelle mesure un système de collaborative tagging (CiteULike) peut assister ces derniers lors de leur recherche d’informations scientifiques. Pour ce faire, des entretiens individuels combinant interview semi-structurée et expérimentation ont été organisés avec une vingtaine de médecins. Ils ont fourni des indications riches et variées quant à leur adoption effective ou potentielle d’un système de collaborative tagging dans le cadre de leurs pratiques informationnelles courantes.
Enfin, cette dissertation se propose d’aller au-delà de l’étude des tags et du phénomène de collaborative tagging dans son ensemble. Elle s’intéresse également aux compétences informationnelles des médecins observés en vue d’alimenter la réflexion sur les formations qui leur sont dispensées tout au long de leurs études mais également durant leur parcours professionnel.
Doctorat en Information et communication
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
El, Houdna Youssef. "Des pratiques scripturales disciplinaires en français dans l’enseignement supérieur : le cas de la formation médicale au Maroc." Thesis, Lille 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL30025.
Full textThe research has as objective to examine the scriptural practices of 'medical semeiology' students enrolled in their third year of Medecine and Pharmacy, but also to describe their know-how, the writing types solicited, their performances and their mistakes from a comprehensive point of view. We have chosen the medical domain because it is a field where a multitude of practical writing styles persist and because studies in medecine can illustrate what happens in disciplinary practices with professional-qualification and professional orientation, the studies combining theoretical university practices and practical professional, each having its owns specificities. Questions raised on how the disciplinary medical system functions based on these two characteristics interest didacticiens and linguists who can describe it and propose paths of improvement. The major theoretical concept of this study on disciplinary writing and the transition towards practices and professional kinds (genres) of writing is 'le genre disciplinaire' (that we differentiate from the functional linguistic kind (genre) or the communicative rhetoric). Another theoretical tool used throughout this research is the concept of 'dysfonctionnement', useful for an analysis of students' discursive behaviour, which is not anchored in an over drawn conception of the standard
اللذين يتناولان "CIREL-Théodile" هذه الدراسة تدخل في إطار برنامج البحث للمختبرين "اللغة والمجتمع" و(DAUNAY , FLUCKIGER والمحتويات المتخصصة (MESSAUDI ,2010a, 2010b, 2013a) اللغيات التقنية.)& HASSAN, 2015C. الممثلة من طرف السيدة " Composition Theory" كما تتعلق هذه الدراسات أيضا بالميدانية الأمريكية2008 ) التي ترتكز أعمالها في دراسة العلاقة بين "الكتابة والمناهج " و "الكتابة , 2010) DONAHNEالتي تعتمد على تحليل الممارسات في إطار وصفي وليس " Les littéracies Universitaires" والتخصصات " ونقديا.وتتناول هذه الأطروحة الممارسات الكتابية للطلبة المسجلين بالسنة الثالثة بكلية الطب والصيدلة بالرباط، تخصص"السينمائية الطبية". كما تقوم هذه الدراسة بوصف مهارات وقدرات الطلبة في الكتابة وأجناسها مبرزة الجوانب الإيجابيةفي ممارساتهم.لقد اخترنا الميدان الطبي لأنه مجال يتضمن العديد من أجناس الكتابة ولأن الدراسة في هذا المجال جديرة بإعطاءصورة واضحة عما يجري في التخصصات ذات الطابع المهني.هذه الدراسة تجمع بين الممارسة النظرية الجامعية والممارسة التطبيقية المهنية، اللتين لكل منهما ميزاتها الخاصة فيماللممارسات، وهاته الميزات تثير أسئلة أخصائيي التعليم (Le système disciplinaire) يتعلق بالنظام الضابط(الديداكتيكيين) واللسانيين فيما يخص النظام التعليمي بغية تدقيق الوصف واقتراح ممارسات بهدف التحسين.إن المفهوم النظري الرئيسي في هذه الدراسة، فيما يخص الكتابة المتخصصة وكذا فيما يتعلق بالانتقال من الممارساتوأجناس الكتابة النظرية الجامعية إلى الممارسات وأجناس الكتابة المهنية، هو " الجنس" ) الذي نفرقه عن الجنس اللغويوالبلاغي التواصلي(.حيث (Le dysfonctionnement) " كما يعالج البحث - وإن كان بدرجة أقل - مفهوما أساسيا آخر ألا وهو " الخللأنه ضروري لتحليل السلوك الكتابي للطلبة في إطار تحليلي ووصفي بغض النظر عن تقويمه والحكم عليه
Chevreau, Laura. "Droits fondamentaux et recherches scientifiques portant sur la personne humaine." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UNIP7143.
Full textIn order to protect human beings involved in scientific research, a legal framework is required to establish the scope of research on human beings and to determine the circumstances in which their integrity may be violated. This framework has been developed through numerous regulations at international, European and national level, gradually penetrating the researcher's "laboratory". It is the result of developments in experimental practice and historical scandals that have made it essential to provide a framework for scientific research involving human beings. This is why it is intrinsically linked to fundamental human rights. An analysis of its construction reveals a specific link between fundamental rights. The regulations governing scientific research involving the human person are built around the overriding need to protect human dignity. This is reflected in the hierarchy of fundamental rights, which is dominated by human dignity and consolidated by a set of subjective rights (right to information, consent and protection of personal data), which restrict the freedom of scientific research. However, the technical and scientific advances of the late 1990s, as well as the gradual globalisation of research activity, have gradually affected this material hierarchy. Changes in the regulations governing scientific research involving the human person reflect the legislator's ambition to make research more attractive and competitive, which is detrimental to the full and complete effectiveness of the participant's fundamental rights. Since scientific research is carried out in a collective interest that differs from the participant's personal interest, the result is a conflict that has hitherto led to a weakening of the effectiveness of the rights of individuals involved in research. Although the individual is always protected against the risk of his or her being used for scientific purposes, it is important to continue to guard against this risk and to consider whether a new balance should be sought to strengthen the substantive hierarchy between fundamental rights, while not creating conditions that are disproportionately unfavourable to scientific research
Gkouskou-Giannakou, Pergia. "Composition médiatique des objets site web : le cas des sites web de la culture scientifique et technique." Compiègne, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007COMP1709.
Full textOur work aims at studying websites as the substantial objects of the Web universe. Our approach yields from an analysis of websites contents, from the point of view of their material form and of the complex mediations that emerge among users, the medium and content publishers. The thesis is articulated along the following axes : questioning the nature of the « website object » in its relation to the communication partners ; observation and analysis of the transformations induced by the Web to the conditions of sense production ; observation of the way the transformations of institutional positions and of mediations with respect to the Web productions are expressed. In particular, we investigate the metaphor-based mechanisms that arise involving website designers' strategies, users' practices and medium proprieties
Dillenseger, Jean-Louis. "Imagerie Tridimensionnelle Morphologique et Fonctionnelle en Multimodalité." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 1992. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00133646.
Full textLe premier chapitre est consacré à une étude bibliographique traitant de l'acquisition et de la modélisation de primitives tridimensionnelles en imagerie médicale. Le propos du second chapitre concerne une revue des techniques de représentation de primitives et de fonctions multi-variables.
Le troisième chapitre traite de la représentation et de l'analyse d'images morphologiques tridimensionnelles. Un nouveau concept, le lancer de rayons multi-fonctions, a été introduit afin d'intégrer sur le rayon une partie des traitements tels que l'interpolation, la détection, le filtrage tout en préservant les fonctionnalités de base (dissection, manipulation par exemple) de l'imagerie médicale tridimensionnelle. Une technique d'accélération du processus de synthèse d'images basée sur la cohérence inter-images est également proposée.
Le suivi d'une pathologie ou l'évaluation d'une thérapie nécessitent la confrontation d'images acquises par une même source mais à des instants distincts. Le quatrième chapitre porte sur l'étude et la mise au point d'une technique de recalage 3D en rotation de volumes basée sur une formalisation utilisant les quaternions.
Le dernier chapitre est consacré à la reconstitution et à la description (la visualisation) dans l'espace anatomique cérébral des champs de potentiels électriques ou magnétiques (EEG et MEG).
Yavchitz, Amélie. "Communication des Résultats Scientifiques dans les Essais Randomisés Contrôlés et les Revues Systématiques." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC272.
Full textRandomized controlled trials (RCT) and systematic reviews and meta-analyses are the cornerstones of therapeutic evaluation because they are considered to provide the highest level of evidence. An accurate and complete presentation by authors of all the important information in report of such studies is essential to allow a critical eppraisal of the study by readers. We defme spin as a specific way of reporting, deliberate or not, that can lead to a "beautification" of the data. No study evaluated the dissemination of spin and their impact on die study's interpretation. Furthermore, several studies focused on different elements that can affect the interpretation of research results, but none assessed the impact of adding a limitation section in abstract of systematic reviews. Finally, spin are frequent and classification was developed for spin in RCTs, however no classification of spin in systematic reviews and meta-analyses have been proposed. Our work showed that 1) spin are disseminated in press releases and news and they are associated with an overestimation of the beneficial effect of treatment, 2) the addition of a limitation section in abstract of systematic reviews and meta-analysis does not impact the confidence in the study results by readers. Finally, we developed a classification scheme of spin in systematic reviews and meta-analyzes, and we ranked spin in abstract according to their perceived severity (i. E. The likelihood to distort the interpretation of the review)
Berkas, Ahmed. "La recherche sur les communications de masse en France. Genèse et essor d'un objet scientifique (1945-1972)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0123.
Full textResearch on mass communication as a social phenomenon in the post-war France is relatively unrecognized by actors of information and communication sciences (ICS). Nevertheless, it was a fertile period of conceptual and methodological renewal in social science research that has resulted in institutional creations and the emergence of new fields of investigation. The survey provides an overview of the phenomenon of mass communications research and analyses the contribution of different actors in the legitimization of this scientific object in the French academic field after the Liberation to the recognition of ICS as discipline in the French academic bodies in the early 1970s. Based on the concepts of “field”, “network” and “configuration”, the survey examines this universe of knowledge production through the analysis of a selection of 253 texts published in the period 1945-1972 to identify the cognitive and institutional evolution of this scientific object. Considered in a constructivist perspective, the study relates to the field of the ICS history research
Dillenseger, Jean-Louis. "Visualisation Scientifique en médecine.Application à la visualisation de l'anatomie et à la visualisation en épileptologie clinique." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Rennes 1, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00130932.
Full textPour cela, une réflexion sur l'outil de visualisation a été menée afin de proposer un cadre bien défini qui puisse guider l'élaboration d'un outil de représentation répondant à une discipline et à une problématique particulière. Le point le plus original de cette réflexion concerne un essai de formalisation de l'évaluation de la performance des outils de visualisation.
Deux grands domaines d'application ont justement permis de démontrer la pertinence de ce cadre général de la visualisation :
- La visualisation générale de l'anatomie avec, dans un premier temps, la conception d'un outil générique de visualisation de données médicale, le lancer de rayons multifonctions. Cet outil a été ensuite étendu selon deux axes de recherche, d'une part l'intégration de modèles de connaissances dans la procédure de synthèse d'images et d'autre part, l'imagerie interventionnelle et plus particulièrement des applications en urologie.
- Les apports de la visualisation pour l'interprétation des données recueillies sur le patient épileptique et plus particulièrement l'élaboration d'outils complémentaires permettant une analyse progressive des mécanismes et structures impliqués dans la crise.
Berkas, Ahmed. "La recherche sur les communications de masse en France. Genèse et essor d'un objet scientifique (1945-1972)." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0123/document.
Full textResearch on mass communication as a social phenomenon in the post-war France is relatively unrecognized by actors of information and communication sciences (ICS). Nevertheless, it was a fertile period of conceptual and methodological renewal in social science research that has resulted in institutional creations and the emergence of new fields of investigation. The survey provides an overview of the phenomenon of mass communications research and analyses the contribution of different actors in the legitimization of this scientific object in the French academic field after the Liberation to the recognition of ICS as discipline in the French academic bodies in the early 1970s. Based on the concepts of “field”, “network” and “configuration”, the survey examines this universe of knowledge production through the analysis of a selection of 253 texts published in the period 1945-1972 to identify the cognitive and institutional evolution of this scientific object. Considered in a constructivist perspective, the study relates to the field of the ICS history research
Guille, Adrien. "Diffusion de l’information dans les médias sociaux : modélisation et analyse." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO22015/document.
Full textSocial media have greatly modified the way we produce, diffuse and consume information, and have become powerful information vectors. The goal of this thesis is to help in the understanding of the information diffusion phenomenon in social media by providing means of modeling and analysis.First, we propose MABED (Mention-Anomaly-Based Event Detection), a statistical method for automatically detecting events that most interest social media users from the stream of messages they publish. In contrast with existing methods, it doesn't only focus on the textual content of messages but also leverages the frequency of social interactions that occur between users. MABED also differs from the literature in that it dynamically estimates the period of time during which each event is discussed rather than assuming a predefined fixed duration for all events. Secondly, we propose T-BASIC (Time-Based ASynchronous Independent Cascades), a probabilistic model based on the network structure underlying social media for predicting information diffusion, more specifically the evolution of the number of users that relay a given piece of information through time. In contrast with similar models that are also based on the network structure, the probability that a piece of information propagate from one user to another isn't fixed but depends on time. We also describe a procedure for inferring the latent parameters of that model, which we formulate as functions of observable characteristics of social media users. Thirdly, we propose SONDY (SOcial Network DYnamics), a free and extensible software that implements state-of-the-art methods for mining data generated by social media, i.e. the messages published by users and the structure of the social network that interconnects them. As opposed to existing academic tools that either focus on analyzing messages or analyzing the network, SONDY permits the joint analysis of these two types of data through the analysis of influence with respect to each detected event.The experiments, conducted on data collected on Twitter, demonstrate the relevance of our proposals and shed light on some properties that give us a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying information diffusion. First, we compare the performance of MABED against those of methods from the literature and find that taking into account the frequency of social interactions between users leads to more accurate event detection and improved robustness in presence of noisy content. We also show that MABED helps with the interpretation of detected events by providing clearer textual description and more precise temporal descriptions. Secondly, we demonstrate the relevancy of the procedure we propose for estimating the pairwise diffusion probabilities on which T-BASIC relies. For that, we illustrate the predictive power of users' characteristics, and compare the performance of the method we propose to estimate the diffusion probabilities against those of state-of-the-art methods. We show the importance of having non-constant diffusion probabilities, which allows incorporating the variation of users' level of receptivity through time into T-BASIC. We also study how -- and in which proportion -- the social, topical and temporal characteristics of users impact information diffusion. Thirdly, we illustrate with various scenarios the usefulness of SONDY, both for non-experts -- thanks to its advanced user interface and adapted visualizations -- and for researchers -- thanks to its application programming interface
Dulou, Bernard. "La médiathèque et l'image, information support à l'apprentissage : concept, définition, applications et limites dans le Service de santé des Armées." Aix-Marseille 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX30051.
Full textGrison, Pauline. "Les questions scientifiques et techniques sensibles dans le média exposition : le cas de la thématique alimentation et santé et du musée du pôle de compétitivité de la filière fruits et légumes." Thesis, Avignon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AVIG1148/document.
Full textThis research is focused on the display of socioscientific issues in science exhibitions. The concept of socioscientific issues has not been theorized in Information and Communication Sciences yet. It includes all the knowledge that does not bring consensus among the scientific community and that calls into question their social acceptability. Their integration to museums raise many issues concerning the kind of mediation that is adopted in the exhibition as a medium. The conduct of this thesis work is closely linked to its context of production, which is a CIFRE convention with the fruit and vegetable cluster. This one having a project of museum for fruit and vegetables, we worked professionally on the development of this project and academically we lead a reflexion about the display of one specific subject into science exhibitions, namely the link between food and health. The research begins with the building of a theoretical frame of the concept, that means the definition of socioscientific issues and the features of the subject of food-health relationships as a socioscientific issue. Then we propose a formal and contrastive analysis of 6 exhibitions dealing with this subject, with the goal of characterizing different mediation attitudes. Finally we focus the research on the development of the museum of fruit and vegetables by the cluster, in order to refine the results with a more specific analysis of the prefiguration of an exhibition device
Berthomier, Anne. "Discours médiatiques sur les biotechnologies en France (1970-1999)." Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENSF0006.
Full textChevalier, Yves. "Les procédures de légitimation médiatique à la télévision française depuis les origines." Lille 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL30019.
Full textHopkins, Fleur. "Aux frontières de l'invisible : culture visuelle et instruments optiques dans le récit merveilleux-scientifique au passage du siècle (1894-1930)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H067.
Full textIn parallel with X-rays, aura photography and attempts to communicate with the planet Mars, the writer Maurice Renard shaped, between 1909 and 1930, a movement, unrecognized today: the “merveilleux-scientifique”. Its plot is rationally designed, with the exception of a scientific law that is invented or modified, allowing human beings to perform prodigies only found in fairy tales: shrinking or mind-reading. There is ample evidence in Maurice Renard’s various manifestos his literary model was conceived as an “optical machine”. As such, based on more than 00 stories, 100 authors and illustrators and nearly 800 illustrations, our study maps the obsession for the extension of the visible (seeing inside, seeing beyond, seeing the other side). To do this, we mobilized throughout our work new resources and concepts. Visual studies, on the one hand, highlight the changes made in the scopic regimes of the time (endoscopic view, panoptic view, optogrammic eye, etc.). They reveal new visual artifacts, such as “récits sous images”, suggestive advertising or illustrations of popular novels, valid as historical evidence of the historical construction of gaze, vision and visuality. Media Archaeology, on the other hand, gathers media that are forgotten, discarded, late or too far ahead of their time. This field of research collects a significant number of “imaginary media”, highly inventive: “psychograph“, “ondogene”, “electroscope”
Derolez, Séverine. "La patrimonialisation des objets scientifiques contemporains et leurs contextes de valorisation : cas de l’accélérateur de particules Cockcroft-Walton." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1274/document.
Full textOur thesis in science education explore the potentiality of contemporary scientific objects to become objects of heritage through a study case: the Cockcroft-Walton particle accelerator (CW). We call it “patrimonialisation” (the making of heritage) according to Information and Communication Sciences. We assume that the value of contemporary scientific objects, an important stage of the patrimonialisation, is specific and requires a particular expertise. Our work was realized thanks to a french financing facility, allowing us to work with Le musée des Confluences in Lyon (France), which exposes a particle accelerator CW in Societies: the human theater. The Institute of Lyon Nuclear physics (IPNL) also possesses a device of this type, who is the focus of a recognition project. sing a multidisciplinary approach, our analysis begin with a study of historical, epistemological, social and scientific context, of the first one CW. We also led two inquiries, the first one to redraw the accelerator CW trajectory in Lyon, the second to find all the accelerators CW in the world. Several studies have indeed highlighted the stages of the patrimonialisation. Relying on these studies we characterized the specificities of the contemporary scientific heritage, and looked for tracks left by these characteristics in the exhibition text (museography). Our results demonstrate the lack of information allowing the interpretation (lecture) and the appropriation of the accelerator CW by a public, and invite us to question the representational contents of the object, conveyed through other contexts of use, formal or fictional
Figueiras, Edite. "Méthodes et instrumentation pour la débitmétrie laser : applications à la microcirculation sanguine." Coimbra, 2012. http://laris.univ-angers.fr/_resources/logo/TheseFigueirasEdite.pdf.
Full textAltered blood microcirculation is a common abnormality found in subjects with diabetes, arteriosclerosis or Raynaud's disease. Laser Doppler Flow Metering (FLD) is then commonly used for continuous monitoring of microvascular infusion. However, the dependence of the FLD signal on microvascular architecture is not yet well known. We have therefore developed the prototype of a new FLD device. This prototype has three laser diodes of different wavelengths (635 nm, 785 nm and 830 nm). The photons from these light sources are transported to the study skin area via an optical fibre. The backscattered photons are recovered and guided to the photodetectors using other optical fibres spaced 0. 14 mm, 0. 25 mm and 1. 2 mm from the emitting optical fibre. Validation tests of this prototype were performed in vitro on a ghost and in vivo on the forearm and palm of the hand of healthy subjects. Monte Carlo simulations were also carried out to study the influence of wavelengths and distances between the transmitting and receiving optical fibres on the signals acquired on the phantom and skin. The results show that the average penetration depth of backscattered photons increases with wavelength and distance between the fibers. The prototype therefore makes it possible to probe tissues at different depths. In addition, for the phantom, the first moment of the photocurrent spectrum increases with the speed and concentration of the diffusers, as well as with the wavelength and distance between the fibres. The results obtained with the prototype were then compared with those obtained with the Periflux 5000 flowmeter marketed by Perimed. The results obtained with the prototype are similar to those obtained with the Periflux 5000, and are the result of a collaboration between the Instrumentation and Electronics Laboratory of the University of Coimbra in Portugal, the Laboratory of Automated Systems Engineering (LISA) of the University of Angers, and Frits de Mul, Dutch researcher
Jafary, Maziar. "Étude du livre de Daniel Lerner "The passing of traditional society : modernizing the Middle East" et de sa réception par la communauté scientifique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26883.
Full textBarry, Thierno Souaibou. "De l'événement scientifique des "manipulations génétiques" au problème des OGM : une approche pragmatiste de la constitution de la dangerosité des OGM comme problème public au prisme de sa médiatisation télévisuelle (1953-2012)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCA081/document.
Full textThe aim of this research is to analyze the political dynamics of the formation of genetically modified organisms as a public problem through television mediation. In an effort to distance this work from classic sociological theory of public problems, best embodied by constructivism, this thesis follows a pragmatic approach. Such as theoretical standpoint enables us to demonstrate that problems are formed through processes of enquiry which lead to the formation of specific publics. These publics will reconfigure the perceived consequences of problems, and try to make a situation worthy of consideration by public authorities. To refer to problems as experiences is to consider their origin as an occurrence of novelty, which alters one’s relationship to the world, and establishes a demand for meaning. As it is shown in this work, the formation of GMOs as a public problem is inseparable from the awareness of the spectacular emergence of genetic manipulation in the 70’s, which can be considered as one of the major scientific events of the known world.The strong connection between events and public problems is both paramount and innovative, as it allows us to understand how in the mid 90’s GM food organisms are formed as public problems by a variety of social agents, among which the television. If public problems create an arena of dispute composed of many public scenes, the television acts as a public scene which harbors and engages in the publicization process. As a provider of problematization, it plays a key role in singling out the scientific event and the public problem it gives rise to, through framing, reframing, and various mediation operations which include political publics and agents. In this work, the collective dynamics at work are central to the hypothesis that a problem constitutes a key moment of transformation during which society engages in self-reflexive and self-productive processes
Soueid, Malak. "Contribution au développement et à la caractérisation d’applicateurs pour les études bioélectromagnétiques portant sur les ondes radiofréquences et les impulsions électriques nanosecondes de haute intensité." Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0081/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we propose and study exposure systems to explore healthy and therapeutic biological effects of EM signals. We propose a microwave antenna for thermal ablation of liver tumors at 2.45 GHz. Its original feature consists in its reduced dimensions that permits the endoscopic insertion in the zone to be treated. For this antenna, a specific absorption rate (SAR) greater than 50 W/kg/W inc showed an exposed zone of 1-cm diameter. We propose a transverse electromagnetic cell (TEM) with an aperture sealed with a transparent conducting material Indium tin oxide (ITO).This TEM cell can be used to study the potential effects of wireless communication systems on biological cells. This delivery device allows real-time observation of biological cells during exposure across the aperture sealed with ITO. The effect of the aperture and the ITO layer presence on the SAR in the exposed sample was evaluated. The SAR values obtained at 1.8 GHz in the sample exposed in the TEM cell with the sealed or non-sealed aperture of 20-mm diameter were 1.1 W/kg/W inc and 23.6 W/kg/W inc, respectively. An excellent homogeneity of SAR was achieved in the medium in the presenceof ITO. Finally, we propose several devices for the exposure of biological medium to nanosecond pulsed electric field with high intensity (nsPEFs). The biological effect of nsPEFs are used in biotechnology and medicine. We propose two devices with electrodes in direct contact with the biological medium and three devices with isolated electrodes. We demonstrate their adaptation for 3-ns duration pulses and the suitability of those with electrodes in contactwith the biological medium to provide high intensities fields in the order of several MV/m. We demonstrate the importance of the isolated devices for delivering ultrashort pulses
Leyssen, Sigrid. "Perception in Movement. Moving Images in Albert Michotte's Experimental Psychology (1881-1965)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0142.
Full textI explore new ways to study the history and historicity of perception, through a double portrait: of the francophone psychologist Albert Michotte, and of a set of well-preserved rotating paper discs. In their interaction, new experimental images were generated, shedding light on the intricacy of perception. I have searched different archives, object-archives and instrument collections in Belgium, France and Germany. Newly discovered sources, together with my historical re-animations, allowed me to combine history of science with media studies, in close interaction with the history of philosophy and religion.The portrait of Michotte shows a bridging-figure between different psychological paradigms, science and religion, filmology and experimental phenomenology, performing science diplomacy to navigate two wars, religious politics and institutional change. Studying the paradoxes he embodied is developed into a historiographical tool. The portrait of the discs, contextualised in terms of 'action contexts', shows how they related to experimental practice, cinema, art and the material culture of the laboratory. This dynamic double portrait shows how Michotte and the discs together create moving images for the study of dynamic perceptions, such as the perception of causality. Motion is central to this thesis, not only for explaining the dynamic perception of movements, but especially for understanding how such perceptions are generated and transported. Studying these 'movement-perceptions' makes it possible to grasp how perception is context dependent, how it is shaped through inter-actions, and how it changes – giving it a history
Bawedin, Eric. "Se soigner par soi-même à l'ère moderne." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01011399.
Full textAndreetti, Katia. "A la croisée de l'anthropologie de la santé publique et des politiques publiques de la recherche : étude de cas des biotechnologies de la reproduction et de la bioéthique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Panthéon-Assas, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ASSA0002.
Full textThis research provides a holistic overview of human reproduction, using a comparative approach in which the genetic and the social interpenetrate. We highlight the ways in which socio-cultural, political and biological conditions shape bioethics and the possibilities offered to reproductive health research. Using a transdisciplinary methodology, we incorporate this abject of study into the construction of public policies on population health and research. We demonstrate that human reproduction, and biotechnologies in particular, embody the paradoxes most intrinsic to our species, where tradition and modernity merge. Technologies and scientific progress have metamorphosed the quality of life and perfected the medical management of reproductive health. Research and reproduction are political issues, reflecting the social representations of each culture and the way in which power relations are governed from national to international levels. Our research lays the foundations for a global approach to bioethics and health
Flaminio, Silvia. "(Se) représenter les barrages : (a)ménagement, concessions et controverses." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEN071/document.
Full textThe aim of this PhD thesis is to study representations and narratives on dams, which are often controversial infrastructures. If the symbolic role of dams has been underlined in the literature, few studies actually focus on the perception of dams and their spatial and temporal trajectories. Building on the literature of social and cultural geography on representation, and the writings of political ecology on discourse, this thesis confronts different sources (newspapers, interviews and archives), study areas (in France and Australia) and methodological approaches (quantitative and qualitative) in order to follow the discursive evolution of hydraulic infrastructure. The points of view of various stakeholders are also considered: inhabitants, engineers and hydraulic institutions, opponents to dams, administrations in charge of nature protection and scientists who produce environmental knowledge. From a methodologicial perspective, the dissertation highlights the limits of certain material and illustrates the necessity to consider different sources in parallel. The results show the evolution of waterscapes, hydrosocial spaces and cycles---the gradual concessions made to environmentalists at the expense of hydraulic bureaucracies---but they also illustrate, on a broader perspective, the production and the flow of discourses on the environment---the disaggregation of a Promethean discourse on nature and the multiplication of different and sometimes opposing representations of the environment---particularly during conflicts and controversies
Fredj, Claire. "Médecins en campagne, médecine des lointains : le service de santé des armées en campagne dans les expéditions lointaines du Second Empire (Crimée, Chine-Cochinchine, Mexique)." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0127.
Full textThe dual nature of army doctors leads us to enquire into this profession as well as the scientific knowledge it engenders within the specific context of military campaigns of the French Second Empire, when both Army and Navy operate on very different grounds getting further and further away. Juxtaposing military history, history of medicine and the history of ideas, this research is done in the context of the relations between war and medicine and between extra-European and colonial medicines, not from a colonial history point of view, as -with the exception of Cochinchina -such expeditions were not planned as permanent features. How do French military medical doctors use their scientific knowledge to deal with a "medical unknown" and how their work was affected by local conditions in the dangerous context of military operations, thousands of miles away from their administrative HQ? The study of several such operations leads us to question the impact of the "here and know" campaign both on the formation of a professional team and on the acquisition of new scientific knowledge especially in the field of epidemiology. In what measure does the specification of a given terrain contribute to a totally new profession and where does this new profession fit in when it is by definition geographically periphery to metropolitan France in the same way that it is in the margins of the scientific standards of the time? How does it inform French medical knowledge in the 19th century? Because they operate within a specific military context, the work of medical officers is done within a written-word system, which gives them an identity as a professional, political and scientific group. Because they are both officers and medical doctors, their social-profession al group is often characterised in the outside world by social and intellectual mediocrity, something which should be qualified. Dispatched to far-away lands they contribute to the setting up of healthcare structures where they can administer medical care. The expertise gained away from home in contact with varied populations enables them to contribute in a very unique way to the advancing of medical science and, later, to earn the recognition of their profession by the medical establishment
Quistrebert, Yohann. "Pour un statut fondateur de la victime psychologique en droit de la responsabilité civile." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1G001.
Full textThe psychological impact of the events, which are the source of responsibility, be they acts of terrorism, loss of a loved one, psychological harassment, is specific to characteristics both protean and invisible. The first among them is due to the fact that in psychological matter injuries and the resulting suffering are both varied. As such, from the injury point of view, certain events will prove to be more traumatizing than others. Principally those during which the subject has been faced with his own death. Concerning suffering, a subject can as well emotionally suffer a change in his own integrity – for example the physical one with a diagnosis of a serious illness – that of a sort damage which affects that of a loved one (e.g. death or handicap). Then, the impact is considered invisible. It appears much more simple indeed, to identify harm to physical integrity as a harm to psychic integrity. More so, certain psychological harms are totally imperceptible by reason of their eminently diffuse characteristic. The object of this demonstration is therefore to know how civil liability law will comprehend the victim of such a psychological impact. Its comprehension will be particular given the inevitable interaction between the judicial and psychological spheres.In order to better understand this, we will first propose a conceptualization of the psychological victim that blends into psychopathological reality. Two major distinctions feed this thought. One is legal nature, which relates to the distinction between prejudice and harm. The other is psychopathological in nature which opposes emotional shock and psychic trauma. Their intertwining allows us to elaborate different cases of manifestation of psychological suffering and define the contours of the qualities of the victim. Secondly, regarding compensation for a psychological victim, both the appreciation and the evaluation of these prejudices will be examined. The repercussions of psychic trauma, or even emotional shock can sometimes be so grave that compensation cannot restrict itself only to the experienced suffering. Consequences of different natures, for example patrimonial ones, must be taken into consideration. To this end, a division of the prejudices of the psychological victim should be put in place. Distinct rules of compensation will be established based on the prejudice endured. A prejudice presumed, originating notably from a harm, cannot logically be compensated in the same fashion as non-presumable prejudices that require a forensic assessment. In short, the system of compensation must be in phase with the system of disclosure of suffering that has been previously established. As a result, this study proposes to construct a true founding status of a psychological victim. Once this principal notion has been completely conceptualized, we can use it to create a rational compensation scheme
Maillé, Marie-Ève. "Comment combler le fossé entre les scientifiques et les journalistes en environnement?" Mémoire, 2006. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3019/1/M9316.pdf.
Full text