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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Scientific research'
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Gorobtsov, I. "ETHICAL ASPECTS OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH." Thesis, Національний авіаційний університет, 2015. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/15324.
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Harrington, Brian. "A Netcentric Scientific Research Repository." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5611/.
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The Internet and networks in general have become essential tools for disseminating in-formation. Search engines have become the predominant means of finding information on the Web and all other data repositories, including local resources. Domain scientists regularly acquire and analyze images generated by equipment such as microscopes and cameras, resulting in complex image files that need to be managed in a convenient manner. This type of integrated environment has been recently termed a netcentric sci-entific research repository. I developed a number of data manipulation tools that allow researchers to manage their information more effectively in a netcentric environment. The specific contributions are: (1) A unique interface for management of data including files and relational databases. A wrapper for relational databases was developed so that the data can be indexed and searched using traditional search engines. This approach allows data in databases to be searched with the same interface as other data. Fur-thermore, this approach makes it easier for scientists to work with their data if they are not familiar with SQL. (2) A Web services based architecture for integrating analysis op-erations into a repository. This technique allows the system to leverage the large num-ber of existing tools by wrapping them with a Web service and registering the service with the repository. Metadata associated with Web services was enhanced to allow this feature to be included. In addition, an improved binary to text encoding scheme was de-veloped to reduce the size overhead for sending large scientific data files via XML mes-sages used in Web services. (3) Integrated image analysis operations with SQL. This technique allows for images to be stored and managed conveniently in a relational da-tabase. SQL supplemented with map algebra operations is used to select and perform operations on sets of images.
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Hendricksen, Charles S. "The research web : asynchronous collaboration in social scientific research /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5639.
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Bwanika, Daniel. "Realistic Theory as Methods for Scientific Research." Thesis, Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-6327.
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Cunningham, Scott Woodroofe. "The content evaluation of British scientific research." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364137.
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Rich, Travis (Travis Sebastian). "Collaborative scientific publishing : a new research ecosystem." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/112531.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 101-108).
This thesis introduces PubPub, a complete publishing system that is consonant with the way software and research ideas are developed. It is author-driven, continuous, collaborative, and allows for data and code to be directly integrated into the document. PubPub is optimized for collaboration and iterative document creation; taking inspiration from the software development cycle it allows for more participatory forms of review. We hypothesize that by changing the scientific review process from one of static critique to one of interactive collaboration we can increase the error-detection rate of scientific review. We present an experiment to test this hypothesis by measuring error detection rates across several interactive and non-interactive documents. This work is motivated by a growing recognition that in many fields, notably those that rely on data analysis and computing, the existing review process is not sufficiently fair, accurate, or timely.
by Travis Rich.
Ph. D.
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Duffee, Boyd. "Quantifying textual similarities across scientific research communities." Thesis, Keele University, 2018. http://eprints.keele.ac.uk/5174/.
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There are well-established approaches of text mining collections of documents and for understanding the network of citations between academic papers. Few studies have examined the textual content of the papers that constitute a citation network. A document corpus was obtained from the arXiv repository, selected from papers relating to the subject of Dark Matter and a citation network was created from the data held by NASA’s Astrophysics Data System on those papers, their citations and references. I use the Louvain community-finding algorithm on the Dark Matter network to identify groups of papers with a higher density of citations and compare the textual similarity between papers in the Dark Matter corpus using the Vector Space Model of document representation and the cosine similarity function. It was found that pairs of papers within a citation community have a higher similarity than they do with papers in other citation communities. This implies that content is associated with structure in scientific citation networks, which opens avenues for research on network communities for finding ground-truth using advanced Text Mining techniques, such as Topic Modelling. It was found that using the titles of papers in a citation network community was a good method for identifying the community. The power law exponent of the degree distribution was found to be, = 2.3, lower than results reported for other citation networks. The selection of papers based on a single subject, rather than based on a journal or category, is suggested as the reason for this lower value. It was also found that the degree pair correlation of the citation network classifies it as a disassortative network with a cut-off value at degree kc = 30.The textual similarity of documents decreases linearly with age over a 15 year timespan.
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Bivalkevich, Elizaveta. "The value of scientific research in accounting." Thesis, ГО "Європейська наукова платформа", 2021. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/18955.
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The main task of research in the field of accounting is primarily to identify and address the problems of theory, methodology, and organization of accounting, economic analysis, and control, in order to ensure the achievement of society's goals taking into account the interests of business entities and patterns of the historical development of the accounting profession.
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Anand, Arvind. "Marine scientific research governance in the Arctic Ocean." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27664.
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The legal regime that has come to regulate the conduct of marine scientific research activities has evolved over time, from Admirality law to the Law of the Sea, environmental law, the laws relating to intellectual property rights over data, samples and results, and international trade laws dealing with the import, export and use of genetically modified macro and micro-organisms, compilation of data and trade secrets.
Arctic Ocean remains unique and vulnerable. The Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA, 2005) has documented substantial observational evidence that the sea ice cover is undergoing profound changes including: a steady decrease in extent with larger areas of open water during summer; decreasing coverage of multi-year sea ice in the Central Arctic Ocean; and, thinning of sea ice throughout the Arctic Ocean. These changes have implications for a host of marine uses such as shipping, offshore development, fishing indigenous hunting, tourism, including marine scientific research.
Marine scientific research cooperation in the Arctic Ocean is vital for our understanding of basic natural mechanisms. The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III) has created a consent regime for coastal states to manage, control, and promote marine scientific research in offshore areas within their national jurisdiction. Arctic states, as a party to the UNCLOS III (except USA), have promulgated laws and regulations on foreign-related marine scientific research conducted within their jurisdictional waters. This work focuses on the legal regime for marine scientific research in general and will explore the present legal governance of Arctic Ocean marine scientific research under the UNCLOS III in particular.
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van, Romondt Vis Pauline. "Changing social scientific research practices : negotiating creative methods." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2016. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/22639.
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In recent decades social scientists have started to use qualitative creative methods1 more and more, because of epistemological and methodological developments on the one hand and demands of innovation by governmental funding agencies on the other. In my thesis I look at the research practices of social scientists who use these qualitative creative methods and answer the following main research question: How are practices and approaches from the arts (specifically visual lens-based arts, poetry, performance and narrative) negotiated in social scientific research practice? This question has been divided into the following three sub-questions: 1) How do social scientists negotiate the use of creative methods with other members of their research community? 2) How do social scientists negotiate the use of creative methods into their own research practices? 3) And how do creative methods emerge in the process? Using Lave and Wenger's approach to communities of practice (1991; Wenger, 1998) and Ingold and Hallam's (2007) conceptualisation of improvisation for my theoretical framework, I look at these practices as constantly emerging and changing, but at the same time determined by those same practices. Based on ongoing conversations with postgraduate research students, interviews with experienced researchers, participant observation at conferences and videos of my participants' presentations, I conclude that the use of creative methods is always embedded within existing research practices. When this is not the case, either participants themselves or other academics experience the creative methods as problematic or even as non-academic. In those cases boundarywork (the in- and exclusion of what is deemed academic) is performed more fiercely, making it difficult, if not impossible for creative methods to be truly innovative in the sense that it means a break with previous practices. Instead, we see small shifts in participants' academic practices and how creative methods are taken up in these practices. This means improvisation is a more apt term to describe how creative methods are making their way into social scientific research practices/into the social sciences. As such this conclusion has consequences for the way we think about learning methods, the production of knowledge, innovative methods and (inter)disciplinarity.
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Ashton, Victoria Clare. "Scientific Knowledge: the Impact on Conservation." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Social and Political Sciences, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7051.
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This thesis discusses the impact that paradigms of thought have on the construction of conservation programmes. Western scientific thinking represents a distinct way of looking at the world. It accepts a separation between nature and culture and thinks that knowledge about the world can best be discovered through the use of experiments that follow a specific set of rules, the scientific method. Scientific thinking is an integral part of the world view of scientists and extends to the way in which they interact with the world. Scientific researchers design their projects in accordance with how they view nature. This leads to particular construction of the role of primates. People in the network of a conservation project are involved in this paradigm to varying degrees. The purpose that scientific thinkers put behind conservation can be in direct contradiction with that of the local people. Although all groups involved may agree that conservation is a valuable goal, the ways in which they value nature and want to conserve it can be quite different. Scientists view themselves as experts on nature and how best to conserve it, and they attempt to spread their way of thinking about nature to local populations through education programmes. Not all groups accept the scientific paradigm to the same extent and this has a wider impact on the local community and forms new causes of tension as knowledge and power shift. I studied one particular field station, and explored how scientific thinking affected the outcomes of both scientific research and additional projects. I looked at how basing the conservation around scientific research has changed the dynamics created by a forest reserve. Finally I discussed with local people the ways in which the scientific paradigm had spread to them and how the field station was affecting them.
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Freeman, Michelle. "Nazi medical experimentation : the scientific dilemma for modern research /." Title page, contents and introduction only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arf855.pdf.
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Riddiford, Naomi Grace. "Palaeoenvironmental history and the public understanding of scientific research." Thesis, University of London, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.529486.
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Beniston, Lee John. "An ethnography of creativity : studies in multidisciplinary scientific research." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.659027.
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Scientific creativity is viewed as a key catalyst of scientific and technological progress yet it is an area for which there exists little understanding. This is lack of understanding is becoming increasingly problematic as scientific research and practice become ever more complex and multidisciplinary. This is because highly multidisciplinary university scientific research groups represent a rapidly emerging new era of scientific research and practice. Therefore, in order to help sustain scientific and technological progress in both universities and industry in the future, it is vital to gain an understanding of creativity in multidisciplinary scientific research. By this reasoning, this study aimed to gain a deeper understanding of scientific creativity in multidisciplinary research groups. Given the complexity of multidisciplinary scientific research, and the lack of study into scientific creativity by trained scientists, this study was undertaken from the perspective of a scientist trained in a multitude of scientific disciplines. A longitudinal, ethnographic methodology was employed in the study of three research groups. Over the course of two years, over 170 interviews were undertaken combined with many hours of observation. A Grounded Theory analytical approach facilitated the emergence of four theoretical constructs: leadership and supervision, knowledge-related concepts, individual level concepts and group level concepts. Combined, these constructs underpin the central theoretical contribution of this study: creativity in the groups was a multi level, sense-making process existing at: individual, group, faculty and institutional levels. At the individual level, creativity was a process of abstract conceptual blending. Collective engagement in the creative process relied upon distributed reasoning and restructuring. The creative sense-making processes at individual and group levels were also influenced by factors at faculty and institutional levels. Finally, the methodological and practical contributions of the study are discussed.
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Bohnet, C., and A. Bartho. "Biennial Scientific Report 2007-2008 : Volume 2: Cancer Research." Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 2010. https://hzdr.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A22117.
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Fang, Yao-chuen. "Scientific research impact and data mining applications in hydrogeology." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1092774125.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 122 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 118-122). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Valdez-Martinez, Edith. "Local research committees in Mexico : their role in the ethics of scientific research." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405661.
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Sosenko, Filip. "On the scientific status of interpretive inquiry." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/2648.
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Interpretive social science is well established institutionally at universities and research centres. It benefits from this institutional context in terms of prestige, credibility and grants. In comparison with non-interpretive disciplines however, its scientific status is questionable. What elements of it are really scientific and what elements are threats to this scientific character? This problem has been discussed in the past but unfortunately the discussion has gradually dried up without a successful resolution. In my thesis I am revitalising it. I take a systematic rather than historical approach: instead of picking up the discussion where it has been abandoned, I begin with a working definition of science, and analyse to what extent interpretive inquiry meets the requirements of this definition. The structure of my thesis follows this definition in that what is discussed is the three substantial elements of it - theory, research method, and professional quality control. In relation to theory, I pose questions on a range of topics, such as whether interpretive social science is explanatory, and whether it generates new knowledge. In relation to method, I explore, amongst other things, whether qualitative method permits the production of valid and reliable findings. The discussion of professional quality control considers issues around the reporting of findings and the assessment of these findings by others. I complement my analysis by considering three interpretive case studies, exploring both whether they produce theoretical knowledge and reflecting on their methodological strengths and weaknesses. Additionally, I explore the border between interpretive inquiry and non-fiction arts, such as literary reportage and documentary filmmaking, arguing that this border is more blurred than it may first appear.
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Bukvova, Helena, Paul Kruse, and Christian Kummer. "Scientific Publishing in Information Systems." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-157301.
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Many academic decision makers rely on quantified ranking measures to estimate the quality of journal publications. The aim of this study was to map journals in Information Systems (IS) with regard to their topic and their rank and determine whether there is a relationship between the scope of a journal and its rank. The study used content analysis, applying both qualitative and quantitative methods.
The results of the analysis show the existence of relationships between the journal rank, the research area, and the type as well as significant differences in ranking on the three lists. The findings illustrate that ranking measures, as indicators for the quality of research published in a journal ought to be considered only in the context of a particular research area and scientific community.
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Tøgersen, Stig-Ole Berg. "Intellectual property and scientific research : A study of the interaction between IPR and research." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for industriell økonomi og teknologiledelse, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-21080.
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The impact of intellectual property rights on innovation has been a fundamental concern of law- and policymakers, scholars, and researchers in both public and private institutions. In this thesis, I scrutinize the intellectual property rights debate regarding researchers, public and private institutions, open science, and innovation, and then address a set of correlated questions regarding IPR’s affect and influence on national researchers regarding innovation in (1) their choice of research area and research approach; (2) communication and access to state of the art technology; (3) future research; and (4) disclosure. Norwegian national institutes will be the foundation for my research. To address the questions I create an online survey that will be used to find trends among the researchers, and augment the survey results with interviews to get a deeper understanding behind the reasons for these trends. I find that Norwegian national researchers are affected by IPR, whether it is consciously or unconsciously, but not in a manner that hinders innovation and research in a great amount.
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Bohnet, C., and A. Bartho. "Biennial Scientific Report 2007-2008 : Volume 3: Nuclear Safety Research." Forschungszentrum Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:d120-qucosa-60579.
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Bohnet, C., and A. Bartho. "Biennial Scientific Report 2007-2008 : Volume 1: Advanced Materials Research." Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 2010. https://hzdr.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A22114.
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Brahaj, Armand. "Semantic representation of provenance and contextual information in scientific research." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät I, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17645.
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Semantic-Representation-Provenance-Contextual-Information-Scientific-Research Die Computer- und Informationstechnologie ist eine der größten Errungenschaften des letzten Jahrhunderts -- eine Revolution, welche die Art und Weise beeinflusst, auf die wir im täglichen Leben auf technische und soziale Problemen reagieren. Obwohl diese Technologien bereits Forschungsaktivitäten an sich beeinflussen, so ist zu erwarten, dass sie auch einen Einfluss auf das Publizieren und Teilen von Forschungsergebnissen haben werden. Bisher wurden in wissenschaftlichen Publikationen nur in geringem Maße Daten beigefügt. Forschungförderungseinrichtungen drängen zu konkreten Lösungen zum Verbreiten, Teilen und Wiederverwenden von Forschungsergebnissen. Berichte wie “Riding the Wave - How Europe can gain from the rising tide of scientific data” der High Level Expert Group on Scientific Data der Europäischen Kommission zeichnen eine Vision, bei der die Herausforderungen einer Diversität an Datenformaten, Menschen und Gemeinschaften durch die Anwendung technischer, semantischer und sozialer Eigenschaften der Interoperabilität vermieden werden. Diese Forschung adressiert derartige Herausforderungen aus einer technischer Perspektive. Fokus dieser Arbeit ist die Exploration eines neuartigen Ansatzes zur Unterstützung der Kuration (Sichtung und Korrektur) von Forschungsdaten mittels der Entwicklung einer Methodologie und mittels der Definition eines automatischen Datenkurationsprozesses in welchem Daten auf einfache Weise annotiert werden können. Ein Beitrag besteht in einem formalen Modell (COSI), welches die Integration großer Mengen an Metadaten erlaubt, welche als logische Konzepte behandelt werden können anstatt nur als Literale. Diese Konzepte werden in einer Ontologie definiert, welche, unter anderem, Inferenzen und Schlussfolgerungen ermöglicht. Der zweite Beitrag dieser Arbeit besteht in einer pragmatischen Lösung die es erlaubt, Metadaten on-the-fly zu annotieren.Computational and information technology is one of the biggest advancement of the last century, a revolution that is influencing the way we approach social and technical problems in our day to day life. While these technologies have already influenced the research activity per sé, it is to be expected that these innovations will significantly influence the publishing and sharing of scientific results as well. So far, scientific publications have relied on limited result data attached inline in research paper publications. Establishments supporting research are pushing for concrete solutions that allow dissemination, share and reuse of research results. Reports such as “Riding the Wave - How Europe can gain from the rising tide of scientific data” of the High Level Expert Group on Scientific Data, European Commission (High Level Expert Group on Scientific Data, October 2010) presents a vision where the challenges of diverse data formats, people and communities are avoided due to the application of technical, semantic and social features of interoperability. This research is an effort to address similar concerns from a technical perspective. Focus of this research is the exploration of a novel approach on supporting research data curation by developing a method and defining an automated data curation process where data can be easily annotated. As a contribution, this work offers a formal model (COSI) that allows integration of plentiful metadata that can be treated as logic concepts and not merely as literals. These concepts are defined in an ontology that allows among other actions, inference and reasoning operations. The second contribution of this work is associated to a pragmatic solution that facilitates annotation of metadata on the fly. This solution is referred as sheer curation and shows how data can be annotated (based on COSI) and published while investigations are executed.
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Ahrens, James P. "Scientific experiment management with high-performance distributed computation /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6974.
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Kenyon, Gary M. "A philosophical analysis of scientific meanings of aging in psychosocial gerontology." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25814.
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This dissertation is concerned with the problem of scientific assumptions as it relates to research in gerontology. There are three major areas emphasized in the thesis. First, there is a consideration of the epistemological conditions that give rise to the problem of assumptions and meanings in science. Secondly, a number of different ways of addressing this issue are discussed and an alternative Hermeneutic approach is explicated. This approach constitutes a particular kind of philosophical analysis and is suggested by the insights of Hans Gadamer. Finally, on the basis of the Hermeneutic approach, two major characterizations of research on adult and gerontological intellectual and social competence are identified, namely, a restricted and an expanded picture. In addition, these two characterizations are further clarified by means of a discussion of the contrasting ontological orientations that are presupposed in the restricted and correspondingly, in the expanded picture.
The overall purpose of the thesis is to show that a particular kind of philosophical inquiry assists in the integration of disparate forms of research in psychosocial gerontology. In addition, this procedure provides conceptual support for a different understanding of various phenomena associated with human aging that is emerging in the field, namely, the expanded picture.Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies
Graduate
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Sundberg, Mikaela. "Making meteorology social relations and scientific practice /." Doctoral thesis, [Stockholm] : Stockholms universitet : Distributed by Almqvist & Wiksell International, 2005. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/71256128.html.
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Bukvova, Helena, Paul Kruse, and Christian Kummer. "Scientific Publishing in Information Systems." Technische Universität Dresden, 2014. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A28448.
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Many academic decision makers rely on quantified ranking measures to estimate the quality of journal publications. The aim of this study was to map journals in Information Systems (IS) with regard to their topic and their rank and determine whether there is a relationship between the scope of a journal and its rank. The study used content analysis, applying both qualitative and quantitative methods.
The results of the analysis show the existence of relationships between the journal rank, the research area, and the type as well as significant differences in ranking on the three lists. The findings illustrate that ranking measures, as indicators for the quality of research published in a journal ought to be considered only in the context of a particular research area and scientific community.
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Ramirez, Francisco Daniel. "Methodological Rigour in Preclinical Research: Implications for its Scientific Validity and Biomedical Progress." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39426.
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Preclinical research using animals often precedes and informs clinical trials; however, most attempts to translate findings from “bench-to-bedside” fail. There is growing concern that an important cause of failed translations is that much of preclinical research is not reproducible, with poor experimental methodology believed to be a major contributor. Four studies were conducted: (1) an assessment of reported study designs of preclinical experiments published in leading cardiovascular journals; (2) an examination of sex bias in preclinical cardiovascular research; (3) a comparison of experimental practices between male and female preclinical cardiovascular researchers; and (4) an analysis of the influence of journal initiatives on preclinical research quality. These studies suggest that (1) methodological shortcomings are prevalent and persistent in preclinical cardiovascular research; (2) women’s involvement in preclinical cardiovascular research is positively associated with considering sex as a biological variable; and (3) journals can exert considerable influence on the quality of published data.
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Mäkinen, J. (Johanna). "Systematic search and evaluation of published scientific research:implications for schizophrenia research." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2010. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514262838.
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The aim of this doctoral thesis is to present methods of search, evaluation and analysis of a specific research domain (schizophrenia) from four perspectives: bibliometric analysis of 1) Finnish doctoral theses and 2) Finnish journal articles on schizophrenia, and meta-analysis to determine the prevalence of 3) alcohol use disorders and 4) cannabis use disorders in schizophrenia.
Over the years, the number of Finnish articles on schizophrenia has increased, as well as the amount of international collaboration. Bibliometric methods were also found to be feasible in the evaluation of psychiatric research. However, the methods should be used with care. Articles written in collaboration with international organisations seem to receive more citations and are published in journals with higher impact factors, which highlights the importance of developing scientific networks. A considerable proportion (20%) of Finnish scientific schizophrenia articles were published in theses consisting of original papers. The current funding system supports the writing of doctoral thesis consisting of original articles and favours epidemiological and biological research over research into medical treatments. This may affect the research culture in Finland and even slow down the development and improvement of the national treatment system.
The reported prevalence of alcohol and cannabis use disorders has differed considerably between studies. No meta-analysis on alcohol or cannabis use disorders in schizophrenia has previously been conducted. In studies (n = 71) on schizophrenia patients, the median prevalence was 15% for current and 26% for lifetime alcohol use disorder, and 16% for current and 27% for lifetime cannabis use disorder. Alcohol use disorders are common in schizophrenia patients, although a declining trend was observed when comparing previous reviews. Cannabis use disorders were found to be more common in younger and first-episode patient samples, as well as in samples with a high proportion of males.
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Peralta, Carlos. "Collaboration between designers and scientists in the context of scientific research." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/245056.
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Collaboration between Designers and Scientists in the Context of Scientific Research This thesis presents the results of a research project that examines collaboration between product designers and scientific researchers. For this purpose, it initially illustrates the objectives and scope of the research and examines current relevant literature on the subject, highlighting its reach and limitations. The core research question is then introduced: How can product designers and scientists collaborate and, as a result, how might designers contribute towards scientific research activity? This question is subsequently answered in several stages. First, the relevant literature is reviewed in order to produce an analytical framework. It examines the disciplinary characteristics of designers and scientists, the characteristics of both design work and scientific research, and the nature of interdisciplinary collaboration. This analytical framework is then used as the basis for a collaboration matrix to record and examine the collaboration between designers and scientists. Secondly, the analytical framework is also employed to help explore findings from five case studies (three exploratory and two development cases) in which designers worked alongside scientists. Finally, results from the case studies are compared with current theoretical work on the subject, highlighting differences and commonalities. As a result of this analysis, the thesis answers the research question posed and presents as a main contribution: -The main ways in which designers collaborate with scientists. -The roles that designers might have while collaborating with scientists. -The contribution that designers can offer to scientific research. -The barriers to and enablers of collaboration between designers and scientists. -The areas of scientific research in which design intervention can make an impact.
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Nath, Kiran Pamela. "The effect of gendered metaphor on scientific research, an empirical test." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0018/MQ37600.pdf.
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McCluskey, Keith V. (Keith Vincent) 1971. "Portable housing : an exploration into lightweight housing for remote scientific research." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68813.
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Thesis (M.Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 51-53).
This thesis proposes the design of portable housing for use in scientific research applications in remote locations. Currently, remote research is conducted from tents or other portable shelters. Larger, more hospitable structures are often too heavy or bulky to carry to these locations. This thesis proposes a shelter that is lightweight, packable, and biodegradable. The shelter is constructed of cardboard panels, which can easily be left to decompose in most environments, or can be recycled after use. The shelter is meant to last only for one season (up to six months), and then be recycled. The shelter requires upkeep on a weekly basis to maintain its waterproofness, and responds to the climatic changes of its surroundings by opening or closing as temperature and conditions warrant. It is, hopefully, much more livable than a tent.
This thesis explores a method of studying the city of Banaras, located in the north-central part of India, through Satyajit Ray's movie Aparajito (1957). This method attempts to disengage the all-subsuming sacred aura of Banaras to reveal underlying historic and cultural formations. As the inter-play between the movie and the city excavates peripheral discourses engrained in the film, these discourses are further subjected to the aesthetic parameters of Ray. His engagement with traditional practices and the psychology of individuals re-structure different cultural and spatial aspects of Banaras. Through the simultaneously engagement with the aesthetics of the film and Banaras multiple readings are formed. This process of re-aestheticizing Banaras reaches its conclusion in are-edited 'Aparajito'. By inhabiting the film I attempt to reveal the manner in which Ray positions and contextualizes the characters of the film to the city and its culture.
by Keith V. McCluskey.
M.Arch.
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Jadreškić, Daria [Verfasser]. "Epistemological and ethical aspects of time in scientific research / Daria Jadreškić." Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1223090582/34.
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Korobkina, Y. I. "Financing of scientific research of the National Academy Science of Ukraine." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33586.
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According to the current legislation the national Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU) is the highest state scientific organization of Ukraine, which organizes and carries out fundamental and applied researches on the most important issues of natural, technical and humanitarian sciences.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33586
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Galvez, A. "The reward system of the French Academy of Sciences in the nineteenth century, 1795-1914." Thesis, University of Kent, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377760.
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Fabiyi, Adedeji Oyekanmi. "A methodology for developing scientific software applications in science gateways : towards the easy accessibility and availability of scientific applications." Thesis, Brunel University, 2017. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/16313.
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Distributed Computing Infrastructures (DCIs) have emerged as a viable and affordable solution to the computing needs of communities of practice that may require the need to improve system performance or enhance the availability of their scientific applications. According to the literature, the ease of access and several other issues which relate to the interoperability among different resources are the biggest challenges surrounding the use of these infrastructures. The traditional method of using a Command Line Interface (CLI) to access these resources is difficult and can make the learning curve quite steep. This approach can result in the low uptake of DCIs as it prevents potential users of the infrastructures from adopting the technology. Science Gateways have emerged as a viable option that are used to realise the high-level scientific domain-specific user interfaces that hide all the details of the underlying infrastructures and expose only the science-specific aspects of the scientific applications to be executed in the various DCIs. A Science Gateway is a digital interface to advanced technologies which is used to provide adequate support for science and engineering research and education. The focus of this study therefore is to propose and implement a Methodology for dEveloping Scientific Software Applications in science GatEways (MESSAGE). This will be achieved by testing an approach which is considered to be appropriate for developing applications in Science Gateways. In the course of this study, several Science Gateway functionalities obtained from the review of literature which may be utilised to provide services for different communities of practice are highlighted. To implement the identified functionalities, this study utilises the methodology for developing scientific software applications in Science Gateways. In order to achieve this purpose, this research therefore adopts the Catania Science Gateway Framework (CSGF) and the Future Gateway approach to implement the methods and ideas described in the proposed methodology, as well the essential services of Science Gateways discussed throughout the thesis. In addition, three different set of scientific software applications are utilised for the implementation of the proposed methodology. While the first application primarily serves as the case study for implementing the methodology discussed in this thesis, a second application is used to evaluate the entire process. Furthermore, several other real-life scientific applications developed (using two distinctly different Science Gateway frameworks) are also utilised for the purpose of evaluation. Subsequently, a revised MESSAGE methodology for developing scientific software applications in Science Gateways is discussed in the latter Chapter of this thesis. Following from the implementation of both scientific software applications which sees the use of portlets to execute single experiments, a study was also conducted to investigate ways in which Science Gateways may be utilised for the execution of multiple experiments in a distributed environment. Finally, similar to making different scientific software applications accessible and available (worldwide) to the communities that need them, the processes involved in making their associated research outputs (such as data, software and results) easily accessible and readily available are also discussed. The main contribution of this thesis is the MESSAGE methodology for developing scientific software applications in Science Gateways. Other contributions which are also made in different aspects of this research include a framework of the essential services required in generic Science Gateways and an approach to developing and executing multiple experiments (via Science Gateway interfaces) within a distributed environment. To a lesser extent, this study also utilises the Open Access Document Repository (OADR) (and other related technologies) to demonstrate accessibility and availability of research outputs associated with specific scientific software applications, thereby introducing the concept (and thus laying the foundation) of an Open Science research.
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DeSa, Colin Joseph. "Distributed problem solving environments for scientific computing." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08042009-040307/.
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O'Sullivan, Abigail. "Networks of creativity : a study on scientific achievement in British physiology, c.1881-1945." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249851.
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Oliveira, José Renato Sena. "Quality in the process of scientific production in accounting in Brazil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12136/tde-12072016-102123/.
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This study aims to analyze the building process of scientific production in accounting in light of the quality attributes of good research. In so doing, it attempts to identify the stages of the research process in which these characteristics are revealed, to compare the literature on research attributes with the attributes identified in respondents\' practices, and to present an approach based on the attributes of good research to judge the quality of scientific production in the accounting field. This research uses the Modified Delphi Technique, which indicates that the first inputs came from the literature. The expert panel consisted of 37 faculty members from 19 Brazilian graduate programs in accounting who were recommended/recognized by the CAPES Foundation. Based on the literature, especially Brinberg and McGrath (1985), Spencer et. al. (2003), and Mays and Pope (2006), an orientation matrix was developed with 53 attributes/relationships related to general quality criteria and nine key features. Experts gave each proposition a grade from 1 to 10 based on their level of agreement regarding adherence to their research practices. The Delphi was applied in two rounds using online questionnaires with customized access. The findings reveal that most of the respondents obtained their doctoral degree in accounting at a national institution other than the one at which they currently work and that more than 70% of the respondents have been working as teachers or coordinators in graduate programs for fewer than seven years. With respect to the respondents\' research experience, most serve on journals\' editorial boards, act as journal referees, and at some point have obtained research funding from development institutions. Approximately one-third have received research productivity grants and almost one-half either currently serve or has served as a journal editor. Approximately 3/4 of the propositions achieved a strong level of agreement, and the following 10 propositions achieved a Delphi relative score of more than 90%: voluntary participation of subjects, goal/problem shown precisely, confidentiality of participants\' data, conclusions versus aim, results comparison with other studies, checklist of findings versus purpose, literature review versus main concepts, theory to support propositions, useful strategy for purpose, and previous findings versus hypotheses. Those attributes that demonstrated low or moderate levels of agreement involved items that may compromise the quality and integrity of research, including those related to ethical principles, demonstrations of how researchers addressed errors and biases, and disclosure of the impact of the research team\'s participation on the results. The approach chosen meant discussing the relationships between criteria and fundamental features versus levels of agreement, followed by presentation of a logic model to evaluate the research process. The research concludes that certain current practices employed by Brazilian researchers in accounting - combined with the local institutional environment - contribute to reduce the quality of accounting research. This position is supported by the high dispersion of answers on various items and the low acceptance of attributes related to ethics, both of which are mandatory requirements under Brazilian law. Additionally, the low level of agreement on issues regarding the criteria of rigor and internal validity/credibility or defensibility - in addition to items related to rigor, integrity, and feasibility - reached only the moderate level.O propósito deste estudo é analisar o processo de construção da produção científica em Contabilidade à luz dos atributos de qualidade de uma boa pesquisa. Buscou-se observar em quais estágios do processo de pesquisa estes atributos são revelados, comparar os atributos da literatura com aqueles identificados nas práticas dos respondentes, e apresentar uma abordagem baseada em atributos de uma boa pesquisa para o julgamento da qualidade da produção científica na área. A metodologia utilizada foi a Técnica Delphi Modificada, em que as primeiras entradas têm origem na literatura. O painel de especialistas foi composto por 37 docentes de 19 Programas Brasileiros de Pós-Graduação (PPG) Stricto Sensu em Contabilidade recomendados/reconhecidos pela CAPES. Com base na literatura, especialmente Brinberg e McGrath (1985), Spencer et. al. (2003) e Mays e Pope (2006), foi elaborada uma matriz de orientação com 53 atributos/relações vinculados a critérios gerais de qualidade e a nove características-chave. Os especialistas atribuíram uma nota de 1 a 10 para cada atributo de acordo com o nível de concordância quanto à aderência às suas práticas de pesquisa. A Delphi foi aplicada em duas rodadas com o uso de questionários online e com acesso personalizado. Os achados revelaram que a maioria dos (das) respondentes tem Doutorado em Contabilidade obtido em uma Instituição nacional diferente da que atua, e mais de 70% têm até 7 anos de docência ou coordenação de PPG. Sobre a experiência de pesquisa, a maioria faz parte de conselhos editoriais de periódicos da sua área, atua como avaliador de periódicos e tem, ou já obteve, financiamento de instituições de fomento para pesquisa. Cerca de um terço tem bolsa de produtividade em pesquisa e quase metade atua ou já atuou como editor de periódico. Aproximadamente 3/4 das proposições receberam nível forte de concordância, e 10 delas alcançaram percentual superior a 90% no escore relativo da Delphi: participação voluntária dos sujeitos, objetivo/problema mostrado precisamente, confidencialidade dos dados dos participantes, conclusões versus objetivos, comparação de resultados com outros estudos, checar links entre achados versus propósito, revisão de literatura versus principais conceitos, teoria para suportar as proposições, estratégia útil ao propósito, e achados anteriores versus hipótese. Por outro lado, atributos que atingiram níveis baixo ou moderado de aceitação mostraram itens que podem comprometer a qualidade e integridade da investigação, como aqueles relacionados aos princípios éticos, à demonstração de como os pesquisadores lidaram com erros e vieses, e à divulgação dos impactos da participação da equipe de pesquisa sobre os resultados. A abordagem proposta consistiu na discussão das relações entre critérios e características-chave versus níveis de concordância, seguida da apresentação de um modelo lógico para avaliar o processo de pesquisa. Concluiu-se que algumas práticas correntes utilizadas por pesquisadores da área contábil no Brasil, combinadas com o ambiente institucional local, contribuem para a diminuição da qualidade da pesquisa no campo. Esta posição é apoiada pela elevada dispersão das respostas em vários itens e pela baixa aceitação de atributos relacionados à ética e que são requisito obrigatório pela legislação brasileira. Adicionalmente, pelo baixo nível de concordância sobre questões relacionadas com o rigor e a validade interna/credibilidade ou defensibilidade, bem como para itens relativos ao rigor, integridade e viabilidade, que atingiram o nível moderado.
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Spoto, D., O. Cosentino, and F. Fiorica. "Transmed, a Scientific Mission Based on Stratospheric Balloons Using S-Band Telemetry Telecommand." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/611634.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 30-November 02, 1995 / Riviera Hotel, Las Vegas, NevadaAfter briefly presenting the TRANSMED mission, the configuration of the Telemetry and Telecommand links is illustrated and the their dimensioning is analyzed. Both links operate at S-band with satellite grade standards. The system composition, the main equipment and the system growth potential are thereafter presented.
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Oei, Hong Lim. "The recombinant DNA case: balancing scientific and political decision-making." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40076.
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Boulos, Margaret. "Scientific utilisations of reproductive tissues: “good eggs”, women and altruism." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/10566.
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This thesis examines debates regarding whether women should donate oöcytes for research in Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT) or be paid. Payment is expected to increase the number of providers by providing an impersonal rather than personal incentive: cheaper fertility treatment or interest in the therapeutic benefits of SCNT research for a friend or family member. The contemplation of a payment system marks a shift from Titmuss’s model of altruistic donation. However, in both models the provider is disinterested in some way: by giving in the spirit of the public rather than private sphere. To shed light on these issues, I analyse empirical data collected with qualitative methods. I report findings that indicate providing oöcytes for SCNT research is unappealing for two reasons: first, ‘good eggs’ are essential to achieve one’s maternal aspirations; second the process of oöcyte extraction is perceived as requiring an extraordinary amount of physical and emotional discipline. Yet the results indicate that these issues are mitigated when oöcyte provision occurs for a personal incentive. This affective framework—the identification of a specific benefit or beneficiary—can change perceptions of effort, risk and reward. A woman may be transformed into a ‘good egg’ – a donor providing social benefit – if there are concrete, rather than abstract, dimensions to the process of scientific research. Hence, these findings indicate that connections between femininity and altruism are flexible. I also argue that the advocates of a payment model recall the figure of the citizen who ‘should’ be motivated by the spirit of the public sphere. However, for the participants in this study, payment represents an inappropriate motivation. I show that contributions to science are interested and occur in relationship between an individual, the tissue and the collective the research claims to benefit.
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Okamura, Akiko. "The roles of culture, sub-culture and language in scientific research articles." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313548.
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Stepura, I. S., and M. A. Sablina. "The Experience of Using Social Networks to Attract Students to Scientific Research." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/47043.
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Nowadays, the effective use of information and communication technologies plays a significant role in the educational process. The article is about the possibilities of using social networking for educational purposes.
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LICHENE, CLAUDIA. "Promoting Scientific education in early childhood: a research in a nursery school." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1246629.
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European and international research shows how the child has an attitude, in relation to the knowledge of the natural world, characterized by curiosity and free exploration. My research refers to the theoretical contribution of Dewey (1933, 1938), Vygotsky (1956), Bruner (1976), psychoanalysis regarding the psychic processes at the base of curiosity and to the experience of Susan Isaacs (1930, 1933) at the Malting House. The approach of ‘promoting from within’ as a useful reference for designing and setting up adult intervention aimed at promoting the development of a scientific attitude. The main objective of the research is to highlight the conditions (space, material, adult approach) which best promote a scientific attitude in children. I collected the data through videotapes,and observation protocols and I elaborated two analysis grids: one related to the epistemic conduct of the children and the other concerning the strategies and functions of the adult.
A first analysis of audio and video recordings highlighted the different ways in which the child approaches the materials, explores and gets to knows them and the effects of different adult intervention approaches on children's scientific attitude. In particular, the analysis highlighted some interesting aspects suggesting that an adult approach based on participatory intervention strategies (promoting from within and ending conversation) allows the development of a scientific attitude in terms of the acquisition of critical thinking.
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Ordonez-Matamoros, Gonzalo. "International Research Collaboration, Research Team Performance, and Scientific and Technological Capabilities in Colombia: A Bottom-Up Perspective." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26534.
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This dissertation examines the ways international research collaboration affects the ability of Colombian research teams to produce bibliographic outputs, and to contribute to local knowledge. Research hypotheses are tested using Zero Inflated Negative Binomial Regression models to account for the effects of international research collaboration on team output while controlling for team characteristics, partner characteristics, scientific discipline, sector, the characteristics of the teams' home institution, and team location. The study uses control groups and the Propensity Score Matching approach to assess the overall impact of international research collaboration on research team performance while controlling for the effects of endogeneity and selection bias.
Results show that international research collaboration is positively associated with both team output and teams' ability to contribute to local knowledge. The study shows that such effects depend on the type of collaboration chosen and the type of partner involved. Particularly, it shows that while co-authoring with colleagues located overseas or receiving foreign funding positively affects team performance, hosting foreign researchers does not seem to affect a team's productivity or its ability to contribute to local knowledge once all other variables are held constant. It also finds that collaborating with partners from the South yields greater productivity counts than collaborating with partners from the North, but that collaboration with partners from northern countries is strongly associated with a team's ability to contribute to local knowledge, while collaboration with partners from southern countries is not. Theoretical and policy implications of these and other counterintuitive findings are discussed.
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GIMENES, CELSO H. "Modelagem de ferramentas avaliativas de profissionais atuantes em pesquisa científica." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2015. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/25197.
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Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2015-11-12T10:49:11Z
No. of bitstreams: 0Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-12T10:49:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Pereira, Maria Teresa Castelao. "Gaston Bachelard's scientific philosophy: an approach to science and technology studies." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41622.
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The contributions of Gaston Bachelard to the history and philosophy of science are not very well known in the United States. This thesis traces the particular characteristics of Bachelard's epistemology within the context of early twentieth century French culture and science. Bachelard began his career in philosophy comparatively late in life and although his background in mathematics and physics was reflected in his philosophical approach to science, he belonged more to the French intellectual avant-garde than to the traditional philosophies of positivism and pragmatism defended by the Third Republic. Bachelard's writings represent an important contribution to a new vocabulary in epistemology, and they influenced scholars such as Georges Canguilhen, Alexandre Koyré, Louis Althusser and Michel Foucault. His works definitely deserve wider exposure, as they easily connect with problems that American scholars pursue today in Science Studies.Master of Science
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Butler, Sean Christopher. "Academic-industry links : a study of the performance and perceptions of scientists in public sector research." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7796.
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Wylie, Caitlin Donahue. "Invisible technicians : a sociology of scientific work, workers, and specimens in paleontology laboratories." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608049.
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