Journal articles: 'Scientific movement'

1

Ashton, Rosemary, Tess Cosslett, Muriel Bradbrook, and Herbert Foltinek. "The 'Scientific Movement' and Victorian Literature." Modern Language Review 81, no. 2 (April 1986): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3729731.

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Simmons, Jonathan. "Positive Psychology as a Scientific Movement." International Journal of Science in Society 4, no. 1 (2013): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1836-6236/cgp/v04i01/51361.

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Johns, Andrew. "ADDICTIONS: PERSONAL INFLUENCES AND SCIENTIFIC MOVEMENT." Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health 3, no. 3 (September 1993): 201–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbm.1993.3.3.201.

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Roush, W. "Scientific Community: U.S. Joins "Science Shop" Movement." Science 273, no. 5275 (August 2, 1996): 572b—573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.273.5275.572b.

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STEWART, JOHN. "The scientific claims of British child guidance, 1918–45." British Journal for the History of Science 42, no. 3 (January 30, 2009): 407–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087408001908.

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AbstractThis article examines the British child guidance movement's claim to scientific status and what it sought to gain by the wider acceptance of such a claim. The period covered is from the movement's origins in the 1920s to the end of the Second World War, by which point it had been incorporated into the welfare state. This was also an era when science commanded high intellectual and cultural status. Child guidance was a form of psychiatric medicine that addressed the emotional and psychological difficulties that any child might experience. It thus saw itself as a form of preventive medicine and as a component of the international movement for mental hygiene. Child guidance was organized around the clinic and employed the knowledge and skills of three distinct professions: psychiatrists, psychologists and psychiatric social workers. Its claim to scientific status was underpinned by the movement's clinical and organizational approach and in turn derived from developments in the laboratory sciences and in academic medicine. There were, however, those even within the movement itself who challenged child guidance's purported scientific status. Such objections notwithstanding, it is suggested here that at least in its own terms the claim was justified, particularly because of the type of psychiatric approach which child guidance employed, based as it was on a form of medical holism.

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Buslón, Nataly, Regina Gairal, Susana León, Maria Padrós, and Emanuela Reale. "The Scientific Self-Literacy of Ordinary People: Scientific Dialogic Gatherings." Qualitative Inquiry 26, no. 8-9 (July 30, 2020): 977–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077800420938725.

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In the last decade, researchers have responded to a social demand for science to become more responsible and have a greater effect on society by looking for innovative ways to link science and lay people. The movement to democratize expert knowledge is growing. This movement is creating tools that are used for improving the scientific literacy of citizens. This article presents dialogues between researchers and lay people of low socioeconomic status and low educational level on the social impact of a Scientific Dialogic Gathering (SDG) as a tool for promoting scientific self-literacy that is being developed at an urban adult school in Spain. Based on a communicative and qualitative approach, an SDG encourages people of low socioeconomic status and low educational level to learn about the latest scientific breakthroughs on issues that interest them, such as health-related topics. Participants in a SDG, together with researchers and educators, discuss scientific articles in an egalitarian dialog. One of the main results of this experience is that SDGs are helping lay people to make better decisions in the face of the challenges of today’s society.

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Lockhart, Jeffrey W. "Because the machine can discriminate: How machine learning serves and transforms biological explanations of human difference." Big Data & Society 10, no. 1 (January 2023): 205395172311550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20539517231155060.

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Research on scientific/intellectual movements, and social movements generally, tends to focus on resources and conditions outside the substance of the movements, such as funding and publication opportunities or the prestige and networks of movement actors. Drawing on Pinch’s theory of technologies as institutions, I argue that research methods can also serve as resources for scientific movements by institutionalizing their ideas in research practice. I demonstrate the argument with the case of neuroscience, where the adoption of machine learning changed how scientists think about measurement and modeling of group difference. This provided an opportunity for members of the sex difference movement by offering a ‘truly categorical’ quantitative methodology that aligned more closely with their understanding of male and female brains and bodies as categorically distinct. The result was a flurry of publications and symbiotic relationships with other researchers that rescued a scientific movement which had been growing increasingly untenable under the prior methodological regime of univariate, frequentist analyses. I call for increased sociological attention to the inner workings of technologies that we typically black box in light of their potential consequences for the social world. I also suggest that machine learning in particular might have wide-reaching implications for how we conceive of human groups beyond sex, including race, sexuality, criminality, and political position, where scientists are just beginning to adopt its methods.

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Pareigienė, Lina. "RURAL COMMUNITY MOVEMENT IN LITHUANIA FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF NEW SOCIAL MOVEMENT." Management Theory and Studies for Rural Business and Infrastructure Development 40, no. 3 (September 25, 2018): 369–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/mts.2018.35.

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After Lithuania regained the independence, the state confronted with many political, social, economic, and cultural challenges, which led to changes of norms, values, forms of activities and consciousness of citizens. Changing situation lead to the marginalization of rural areas, the rural community movement raised. The main reason for the rising movement was dissatisfaction about current situation and willingness to change it using communities’ resources. This movement is allied to new social movements, which arose in 1960 in Western world. For the creation of postindustrial rural areas the paradigm of innovative, sustainable, inclusive rural development determines that new theories, explaining transformations, are necessary. The aim of this research is to identify correspondence of Lithuanian rural community movement to new social movement theory. Scientific literature, related documents, and secondary statistical data were analysed, the theoretical framework of six dimensions was created and applied. The research results confirmed that rural community in Lithuania is to be viewed as a new social movement with some features of traditional movements. These findings may be useful for increasing the awareness about social transformations in rural areas.

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Zucker, Evan L., and Margaret R. Clarke. "Visitors' Movement Patterns at Conference Poster Sessions." Perceptual and Motor Skills 76, no. 1 (February 1993): 212–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1993.76.1.212.

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Visitors to educational environments (museums and zoos) show patterns of movements that often preclude seeing some exhibits. The directions of movement by 102 individuals and 31 groups entering poster sessions at professional meetings, another type of educational environment, were observed. Gender differences, perhaps influenced by the way in which posters were ordered in the rooms, were evident. Patterns of movement were similar to those reported for museum gallery visitors in the session where posters were not arranged in a particular order. Implications of movement patterns for enhanced scientific communication in poster sessions are presented.

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Schelchkov, A. A. "University Reform of 1918: Establishment of the Continental Network of Scientific, Educational and Student Community in Latin America." Concept: philosophy, religion, culture 5, no. 4 (December 22, 2021): 79–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2541-8831-2021-4-20-79-95.

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The transformation of the university system in Latin America, initiated by the reform in Argentina in 1918, marked the beginning of a period of democratization and modernization of society. The university reform was the result of a stubborn and dramatic struggle of students against the clerical-aristocratic order in the universities of Argentina. Ideologically, the movement was based on radical anti-clericalism, on the ideas of the conflict of generations, the special role of the young, on the Kulturtraegerism, on the concept of Arielism — a term coined by Enrique Rodo. The student movement, supported by progressive intellectuals and left-wing political parties, almost from the point of its inception, created a network of contacts and solidarity with other countries of the continent, which showed its high efficiency in disseminating ideas, political programs, and forms of struggle. This ability of the intellectual movements to create cross-border networks of influence and activism is relevant today and not only in Latin America. Thanks to this, the reform spread throughout the continent with various and sometimes contrary results, somewhere very successfully, and somewhere met with fierce resistance. The further ideological evolution of the movement and its leaders led to the emergence of new ideological and political currents, such as revolutionary nationalism, which became the dominant political trend in Latin America in the 20th century world. The spread of revolutionary nationalism, the main ideologist of which was the student leader in Peru, Victor Raul Haya de la Torre, relied on the same network of youth structures that led to the spread of the movement for university reform. The reform movement also resulted in the emergence of powerful left-wing movements of the intellectuals, such as the Latin American Union, closely associated not only with the student movement, but also with the labor movement. University reform was not only a political, but also a cultural phenomenon that marked a profound change in Latin American society, which chose the path of modernization of all spheres of life. This work is devoted to the study of this process.

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Waidzunas, Tom. "Intellectual Opportunity Structures and Science-Targeted Activism: Influence of the Ex-gay Movement on the Science of Sexual Orientation." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 18, no. 1 (February 1, 2013): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/maiq.18.1.8353777g2t72j408.

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Social movements frequently seek to shape knowledge-producing institutions, including those found within the sciences. This essay takes up and refines the concept of intellectual opportunity structure to describe factors that enable or constrain movement efficacy in these efforts. Based on interviews with key claimants, participant observation at conferences, and content analysis of media, scientific, and activist literature, this article explains how the ex-gay movement in the United States mobilized knowledge and protest to shape mainstream science. Since 1973, gay-affirmative policies in mainstream mental health institutions have increasingly blocked construction of scientific facts based on the pathologization of homosexuality. Yet, the ex-gay movement has more recently found limited success blending theological premises and science-based methodologies. Shifts in intellectual opportunities, including formal acknowledgement of religious diversity by psychologists, have led the American Psychological Association (APA) to incorporate some ex-gay movement ideas even as the APA maintains that sexual orientation, newly defined, cannot be therapeutically altered.

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Gadassik. "Assembling Movement: Scientific Motion Analysis and Studio Animation Practice." Discourse 37, no. 3 (2015): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.13110/discourse.37.3.0269.

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Alford, Brad A. "Integration of scientific criteria into the psychotherapy integration movement." Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 22, no. 3 (September 1991): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-7916(91)90018-z.

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Witteman, Hal, and Mary Anne Fitzpatrick. "A Social-Scientific View of the Marriage Encounter Movement." Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 4, no. 4 (December 1986): 513–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.1986.4.4.513.

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15

Loos, Ruth. "Reading Paths, Eye Drawings, and Word Islands: Movement in Un coup de dés." i-Perception 3, no. 1 (January 2012): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/i0446aap.

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In the framework of an artistic–scientific project on eye-movements during reading, my collaborators from the psychology department at the KU Leuven and I had a close look at the poem “Un coup de dés jamais n'abolira le hasard” (“A throw of the dice will never abolish chance”) by Stéphane Mallarmé. The poem is an intriguing example of nonlinear writing, of a typographic game with white and space, and of an interweaving of different reading lines. These specific features evoke multiple reading methods. The animation, Movement in Un coup de dés, created during the still-ongoing collaboration interweaves a horizontal and a vertical reading method, two spontaneous ways of reading that point at the poem's intriguing ambiguity. Not only are we interested in different methods of reading; the scientific representations of eye movements themselves are a rich source of images with much artistic potential. We explore eye movements as “eye drawings” in new images characterized both by a scientific and by an artistic perspective.

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Abe, Naoko. "Towards a sociology of movement: Application of Kinetography Laban to the study of collective phenomena in the Paris subway." Social Science Information 56, no. 2 (March 23, 2017): 174–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018417694775.

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This article focuses on the collective behavior of Paris subway passengers in a public space as a social and anonymous phenomenon through the study of their movements and postures. For this purpose, I use the ‘Subcam’ data-acquisition device and a human movement scoring system, ‘Kinetography Laban’. The latter, created by Rudolf Laban and developed in choreography, is little known in the scientific world, but it could make a significant contribution in sociology. Kinetography Laban allows us to objectify and analyze human movement, which is often considered to be an elusive object. The case study is conducted on the Paris subway, at stops on the number 14 line during rush hour. The scoring of passengers’ movements and bodily postures highlights the existence of recurring patterns in the way people move. This work also demonstrates the existence of bodily techniques, which are often referred to by sociologists such as Mauss, Bourdieu and Boltanski without empirical evidence. This research shows not only that Kinetography Laban is applicable to social scientific research but also that it is possible to do a sociological study through movement and bodily postures using this method. The article therefore opens up a new field of research in sociology: sociology of movement.

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BANEKE, DAVID. "Synthetic technocracy: Dutch scientific intellectuals in science, society and culture, 1880–1950." British Journal for the History of Science 44, no. 1 (May 14, 2010): 89–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000708741000004x.

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AbstractIn the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, changing social and cultural climates challenged the position of scientists in Western society. Ringer and Harwood have described how scientists reacted by adopting either pragmatist or ‘comprehensive’ styles of thought. In this article, I will show how a group of Dutch intellectuals, including many scientists, came up with an alternative approach to the dilemmas of modernity, and eventually became influential in shaping Dutch society. They combined elements of both styles into what I call a ‘synthetic technocrat’ ideology, a reaction against intellectual and political fragmentation. These ideas were often combined with pleas for educational reform, culminating in a plea for gebildete Tatkraft. I will analyse the development of the synthetic technocrat movement from the late nineteenth century into the 1940s. During this period, the movement became increasingly political in nature, but in a radically different way to comparable movements in other countries, especially Germany.

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Bozhok, Nikolay Sergeevich. "Cultural identity of urban communities of the historical reenactors." Урбанистика, no. 3 (March 2019): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2310-8673.2019.3.29882.

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The object of this research is the cultural identity of urban communities of the historical reenactors. The subject of the author’s scientific interest is the mechanisms and practices substantiating the specificity of positive cultural identity of the communities, united within the framework of the historical reenactment movement. The article examines the dominant trends in the development of modern reenactment movement: trend towards the fragmentation of movement and complication of the structure of collective identity, and intention towards unity. Special attention is given to the identification of mechanisms that allow retaining and maintaining balance between the processes of differentiation and integration of reenactment movement. Methodologically, the author’s understanding of the specificity of collective identity of the historical reenactors is based on the theoretical ideas of H. Blumer, N. Smelser and P. Sztompka, as well as the theory of new social movements that focus attention on their sociocultural dimension. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that this article is first to comprehensively analyze cultural components of the collective identity of the historical reenactment movement; as well as determine its structural components, mechanism and characteristic attributes. It is substantiated that under the influence of the modern global trends, cultural identity of reenactors along with the basic components attaints the new ones that contribute to the expansion of cultural-historical mobility and cohesion of reenactment movement.

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Clark, Kathryn I., Thomas J. Templin, and Taylor J. Lundberg. "Scientific Writing in Kinesiology: The Michigan Model." Kinesiology Review 9, no. 4 (November 1, 2020): 349–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/kr.2020-0032.

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The purpose of this paper was to provide insight into the development of an engaging, interactive, and successful class in scientific writing in the Movement Science program in the School of Kinesiology at the University of Michigan. This class is grounded in learning the art and science of scientific argumentation. In this paper, the authors provide an overview of the evolution of the class over the past decade and present elements of the class that have proven successful in the education of Movement Science students. The paper concludes with the recommendation that the American Kinesiology Association include a writing course such as the one described here in its recommendations for the undergraduate core curriculum in relation to those learning objectives tied to research proficiency.

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Hatcher, William S. "A Scientific Proof of the Existence of God." Journal of Baha’i Studies 5, no. 4 (1993): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31581/jbs-5.4.1(1993).

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Of the various systems that we can actually observe in the physical world, some (e.g., the movement of small dust particles suspended in the air) appear to be perfectly random (or chaotic); whereas, others (e.g., the growth of leaved plants) exhibit a high degree of order and structure. Whenever scientists encounter a phenomenon or system that exhibits a significant evolution towards order, but without any observable reason for such movement, they suspect the cause to be the objective action of some unseen force (e.g., the unseen force of gravity that, in the presence of a large mass like the earth, causes the persistent downward movement of unsupported objects). Using this method, modern physics has now validated the existence of at least four basic forces (gravity, the strong and the weak nuclear forces, and electromagnetic force), and continues to examine the possibility that other, hitherto undetected, forces may exist. In 1921 ‘Abdu’l-Bahá presented a cogent scientific argument for the existence of an objective, unseen force as the only reasonable explanation for the phenomenon of biological evolution. In the years since ‘Abdu’l-Bahá’s proof was first published, the findings of science have tended to show that, indeed, the phenomenon of evolution represents a persistent movement from disorder towards order of the kind that strongly suggests the action of some unobservable force different from all other forces so far discovered. In this article, we present a somewhat detailed reformulation of ‘Abdu’l-Bahá’s argument using certain contemporary scientific terms that were not current at the time ‘Abdu’l-Bahá wrote.

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Wiwoho, Gunarso. "KAJIAN PERKEMBANGAN PEMIKIRAN MANAJEMEN: GERAKAN PEMIKIRAN SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT HINGGA KAIZEN." Fokus Bisnis : Media Pengkajian Manajemen dan Akuntansi 16, no. 2 (December 13, 2017): 26–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32639/fokusbisnis.v16i2.145.

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This article is a summary of the various ideas related to the concepts and techniques of management of the industrial revolution to the modern era. The research method used was a review of the literature related to management thinking. In this article the various movements of thought are grouped into four areas of thought or theory. The division is not based on the periodicity of the year, but more to the realm of thought developed. The fourth field is the thought of Scientific & administrative management theory, behavioral management theory, quantitative management theory and modern management theory and Kaizen. Field of thought is presented based on the appearance of the field earlier than other areas of thought, even in the era of the movement of thought or one area may also appear a work that is part of another movement of thought. The results of the literature review of this study show that the development of management thought started thinking mechanically related and productivity in manufacturing, and then evolved to the related study of human nature and behavior and proceed to the field of the relationship between humans and system organization. This study also found a lack of attention from historians related to the development of management thought management business focusing on marketing or customer oriented.

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Wiwoho, Gunarso. "KAJIAN PERKEMBANGAN PEMIKIRAN MANAJEMEN: GERAKAN PEMIKIRAN SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT HINGGA KAIZEN." Fokus Bisnis : Media Pengkajian Manajemen dan Akuntansi 16, no. 2 (December 12, 2017): 26–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32639/fokusbisnis.v16i2.523.

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This article is a summary of the various ideas related to the concepts and techniques of management of the industrial revolution to the modern era. The research method used was a review of the literature related to management thinking. In this article the various movements of thought are grouped into four areas of thought or theory. The division is not based on the periodicity of the year, but more to the realm of thought developed. The fourth field is the thought of Scientific & administrative management theory, behavioral management theory, quantitative management theory and modern management theory and Kaizen. Field of thought is presented based on the appearance of the field earlier than other areas of thought, even in the era of the movement of thought or one area may also appear a work that is part of another movement of thought. The results of the literature review of this study show that the development of management thought started thinking mechanically related and productivity in manufacturing, and then evolved to the related study of human nature and behavior and proceed to the field of the relationship between humans and system organization. This study also found a lack of attention from historians related to the development of management thought management business focusing on marketing or customer oriented.

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23

Moradi, Siavash. "Evidence-based medicine: A scientific movement or a paradigmatic shift?" Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Sciences 5, no. 3 (2018): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jnms.jnms_31_18.

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24

Green, Jordan R. "Mouth Matters: Scientific and Clinical Applications of Speech Movement Analysis." Perspectives on Speech Science and Orofacial Disorders 25, no. 1 (July 2015): 6–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/ssod25.1.6.

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New techniques for recording and analyzing speech movements have the potential to radically change existing approaches to speech assessment and management. Advances in motion capture hardware and software are now enabling a critical mass of researchers to comprehensively investigate speech motor performance in healthy and disordered populations. Although this technology is currently almost exclusively used for research, promising clinical applications are now emerging. In this paper, I briefly discuss the technological progression of current technologies used to record speech movements. I also highlight research in the Speech and Feeding Disorders Lab that is exploring ways to leverage this technology to assist with the assessment and management of motor speech disorders.

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Ferguson, Bruce G., and Helda Morales. "Latin American Agroecologists Build a Powerful Scientific and Social Movement." Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 34, no. 4 (April 8, 2010): 339–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10440041003680049.

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Conley, John M., Gabriel Lázaro-Muñoz, Anya E. R. Prince, Arlene M. Davis, and R. Jean Cadigan. "Scientific Social Responsibility: Lessons From the Corporate Social Responsibility Movement." American Journal of Bioethics 15, no. 12 (December 2, 2015): 64–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2015.1103812.

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Tofilski, Adam. "A scientific note on amoeboid movement of honey bee semen." Apidologie 45, no. 5 (January 31, 2014): 637–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13592-014-0269-2.

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Jankovic, Joseph, Susan Bressman, William Dauer, and Un Jung Kang. "Clinical and scientific perspectives on movement disorders: Stanley Fahn's contributions." Movement Disorders 30, no. 14 (October 19, 2015): 1862–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.26445.

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Nepstad, Sharon Erickson. "Violence, Nonviolence, and the Palestinian National Movement. By Wendy Pearlman." Perspectives on Politics 10, no. 4 (December 2012): 993–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537592712002617.

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Violence, Nonviolence, and the Palestinian National Movement. By Wendy Pearlman. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011. 304p. $99.00.In recent years, social scientific research on nonviolent resistance has burgeoned. Yet many studies focus on the factors associated with nonviolent movements' success or failure. In her book, Wendy Pearlman poses different questions. Instead of asking when and how nonviolence works, she asks why some activists choose nonviolent tactics while others choose violent ones. Additionally, she asks why movements may, over time, shift between armed and unarmed strategies.

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Phillips, Mark, and Bartha M. Knoppers. "Whose Commons? Data Protection as a Legal Limit of Open Science." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 47, no. 1 (2019): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073110519840489.

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Open science has recently gained traction as establishment institutions have come on-side and thrown their weight behind the movement and initiatives aimed at creation of information commons. At the same time, the movement's traditional insistence on unrestricted dissemination and reuse of all information of scientific value has been challenged by the movement to strengthen protection of personal data. This article assesses tensions between open science and data protection, with a focus on the GDPR.

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RODYMENKO, Iryna, and Iryna MOJSEJENKO. "ANALYSIS OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ON THE SENSIMOTOR DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN WITH DISORDERS OF INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT." Dnipro Academy of Continuing Education Herald. Series: Philosophy, Pedagogy, Vol. 1 No. 2 (2022) (October 14, 2022): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.54891/2786-7005-2022-1-13.

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The article provides a theoretical analysis of research on the problem of sensorimotor development with children with violation of intellectual development. Theoretical aspects of sensorimotor development of children with intellectual disabilities in the following areas are considered: vestibular-postural reactions and bilateral coordination. Motor mechanisms affect the general development of the child, his ability to work and master the curriculum. Studies have shown the effect of physical activity on mental activity and academic performance. Imperfections of the motor sphere of children with PIR are revealed. Children's gait is unstable, movements are chaotic, poorly coordinated, poorly regulated muscular effort, impaired visual-motor coordination, inability to imitate, underdevelopment of differentiated finger movements. The disadvantages of arbitrary movements are pronounced. Theoretical analysis of scientific research on the role of the central nervous system in the construction of movements. Spinal cord, medulla, diencephalon, cerebellum, large hemispheres perform their functions. Simple movements (reflective) provide normal performance of more complex movements performed due to the lower parts of the central nervous system (spinal, medulla, midbrain). More complex postures are regulated by the activity of the midbrain, the vestibular system, which obey the cerebellum. The cerebellum coordinates the proportionality of movement. To perform movement in space, it is necessary to combine all types of sensitive sphere (afferentation). This process occurs at the level of the diencephalon and subcortical nuclei. It is proved that part of the vestibular signals must be registered and modulated by the brain. The lack of modulation of vestibular stimuli will be noticeable in bilateral reactions, coordination of the two sides of the body. The postural response may go unnoticed because it is difficult for the child to adopt a particular posture. Sensorimotor development affects the functioning of the body of a child with violation of intellectual development.

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Arancio, Julieta Cecilia. "Opening Up The Tools For Doing Science: The Case Of The Global Open Science Hardware Movement." International Journal of Engineering, Social Justice, and Peace 8, no. 2 (October 18, 2021): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ijesjp.v8i2.13997.

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Open science hardware (OSH) is a term frequently used to refer to artifacts, but also to a practice, a discipline and a collective of people worldwide pushing for open access to the design of tools to produce scientific knowledge. The Global Open Science Hardware (GOSH) movement gathers actors from academia, education, the private sector and civil society advocating for OSH to be ubiquitous by 2025. This paper examines the GOSH movement’s emergence and main features through the lens of transitions theory and the grassroots innovation movements framework. GOSH is here described embedded in the context of the wider open hardware movement and analyzed in terms of framings that inform it, spaces opened up for action and strategies developed to open them. It is expected that this approach provides insights on niche development in the particular case of transitions towards more plural and democratic sociotechnical systems.

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Kravchuk, T., N. Sanzharova, and A. Udovika. "Peculiarities of Movement Plastique Development in Young Gymnasts." Teorìâ ta Metodika Fìzičnogo Vihovannâ 18, no. 3 (September 25, 2018): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2018.3.05.

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The purpose of this study was to substantiate and create a technique for the development of movement plastique in gymnastics at the initial training stage and experimentally verify its effectiveness. Materials and methods: The study participants were 28 boys aged 6-7 engaged in gymnastics (14 – control group and 14 – experimental group). To achieve the purpose set, the study used the following research methods: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical testing and methods of mathematical statistics. Results: The use of a special technique that includes exercises developing expressive movements, exercises of classical and parterre choreography, rhythmic gymnastics and elementary dance exercises at the initial training stage in gymnastics improved the development level of movement plastique and its individual components, in particular the amplitude and dynamism (at p<0.05), the accuracy and the degree of using accompanying movements (at p<0.001). The study revealed strong and average correlations between the individual indicators and movement plastique in general. Conclusion: The study defined the criteria and modern requirements for gymnasts’ movement plastique, as well as its individual indicators: amplitude, accuracy, degree of using accompanying movements, and dynamism. The study created a technique for the development of movement plastique in young gymnasts and experimentally proved its effectiveness.

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Latash, Mark L., and J. Greg Anson. "Does controlling movement require intelligence?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 20, no. 3 (September 1997): 533–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x97221527.

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Motor control schemes should have an element of control and an element of coordination. The former is a source of initiative and a zroduct of the brain's work (mind, intelligence, or “homunculus”) while the latter can be viewed as a process with constraints emerging at a hierarchically lower, autonomous level. Limiting scientific analysis to an object smaller than the universe necessarily leads to a hierarchical (cybernetic) approach.

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Demeulenaere, Elise. "A political ontology of seeds." Focaal 2014, no. 69 (June 1, 2014): 45–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2014.690104.

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This article follows the trajectory of a French farmers' movement that contests the seed production and regulation system set in place during agricultural modernization. It focuses on the creativity of the movement, which ranges from semantic innovations (such as “peasant seeds”) to the reinvention of onfarm breeding practices based on new scientific paradigms, and includes new alliances with the social movements defending the commons. The trajectory of the movement is shaped by its encounters—with scientists, other international seed contestations, and other social movements—and by the productive frictions they create. This in-depth reframing of the activities connected to seeds contributes to building a counternarrative about farmers and seeds that reopens spaces for contestation. In this counternarrative, “peasant seeds” play a central and subversive role in the sense that they question the ontological assumptions of present seed laws.

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Gaycken, Oliver. "“The Swarming of Life”: Moving Images, Education, and Views through the Microscope." Science in Context 24, no. 3 (July 26, 2011): 361–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889711000159.

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ArgumentDiscussions of the scientific uses of moving-image technologies have emphasized applications that culminated in static images, such as the chronophotographic decomposition of movement into discrete and measurable instants. The projection of movement, however, was also an important capability of moving-image technologies that scientists employed in a variety of ways. Views through the microscope provide a particularly sustained and prominent instance of the scientific uses of the moving image. The category of “education” subsumes theses various scientific uses, providing a means by which to bridge the cultures of scientific and popular scientific moving images.

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Колокольцев, Максим Геннадьевич, and N. Yu Kolokoltseva. "Great Russian Scientists in the Narodnik Movement." Izvestiya of Altai State University, no. 2(124) (June 6, 2022): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/izvasu(2022)2-03.

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In the 1860s Russian society was at a bifurcation point. Changes were overdue in the country, but their implementation depended not only on the willingness of the authorities to act, but also on the ability of society to accept the upcoming changes. Political, socioeconomic achievements are a consequence of changes in public consciousness, which is formed under the influence of intellectuals and scientists. An indicator of the development of society is scientific thought. The ideology of populism was the result of a synthesis of the ideas of socialism and Russian ideas about social development. Representatives of science have made a significant contribution to the process of forming the ideology of populism. The Narodniks sought to substantiate the natural development of society by natural scientific methods, to explain scientifically the necessity of the existence of individual freedom. The heterogeneity of populism, the presence of supporters of the ideas of terror, is explained, among other things, by the inability to realize and accept the scientific justification of practical activities, an acute desire to get results in the shortest possible time. Populist scientists were involved in the activities of the first populist associations in order to promote and organize political interaction on the basis of evolutionary development.

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Harutyunyan, Gayane. "On the Issue of Social Movement Definition." Journal of Sociology: Bulletin of Yerevan University 12, no. 2 (34) (December 28, 2021): 62–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/bysu:f/2021.12.2.062.

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The paper is a theoretical review of “social movement” term definitions. Aiming to show differences among definitions within different paradigms and scientific evolution of the term the main approaches of defining social movements are discussed. Initially, social movements were studied by psychologists, who were examining different forms of collective behavior, such as mobs, crowds, protests and etc. Most of them considered social movements as an irrational and destructive form of collective action driven by the instincts of people. During the next decades, the theory of social movements was developed mostly by sociologists who, on the contrary, started to seek social reasons inducing this type of collective action. Different theoretical schools proposed various concepts of explaining the origin of social movements, but all of them agreed on the main characteristics: rational and organized collective action driven by unfulfilled social needs. Different authors linked social movement definitions with other important social phenomena such as norms and values, social conflict, social identity, and social network. Political scientists have also contributed to the study of social movements but in terms of power and state, terrorism and violence. Discussing psychological, sociological, and political science approaches to term definition we came to the conclusion that the most inclusive sociological definition is viewing social movement as a social network through which collective action is performed to achieve total or partial social change. Such kind of definition makes it possible to reveal the main criteria necessary to distinguish social movement as a separate social phenomenon from other types of collective action.

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Bykov, Ivan. "Scientific Snterpretations of Learning Motor Actions of Preschool Children." Bulletin of Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University 2, no. 1 (339) (2021): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/2227-2844-2021-1(339)-2-183-190.

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The article analyzes the views of domestic and foreign scientists on important aspects of learning motor actions of preschool children. Preschoolers’ movement movements are characterized as a complex educational process, during which children under the guidance of an educator acquire the necessary motor experience. The task of higher education institutions is presented as the training of a highly qualified educator who will perform professional duties at the appropriate level in the process of teaching motor actions to preschool children. The essence and content of the concepts «activity», «motor activity», «motor action» are revealed. It is determined that the necessary qualitative characteristic of motor action, the formation of which is aimed at the educational activities of the educator, is the technique of its implementation. The main types of motor skills are skills acquired during various physical exercises, including basic movements (walking, running, jumping, throwing, climbing). Conclusions. 1. Teaching preschoolers movements is a complex educational process, during which children under the guidance of an educator gain the necessary motor experience. 2. Priority is given to the activity of an educator who plans, organizes and practically carries out the teaching of educational material. 3. An important task of higher education institutions is to train a highly qualified educator who will perform professional duties at the appropriate level in the process of teaching motor actions to preschool children.

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Plevako, Kateryna. "Official letters as a source from the history of the Protestant movement on Ukrainian lands (1905–1917)." Bulletin of Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, no. 9 (347) (2021): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/2227-2844-2021-9(347)-79-90.

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The purpose of the research is to analyze the official letters of the authorities as a source on the history of the Protestant movement in Ukraine in 1905–1917. The following scientific tasks are envisaged: source analysis of official letters, determination of types of available source information, introduction of new documents into scientific circulation and provision of their characteristics for the purpose of further scientific retrospective. The methodology is based on the principles of historicism and objectivity. During the writing of the article the method of system source analysis, archival heuristics, descriptive method and method of analysis and synthesis were used. The textual method made it possible to study the structure of the text, given the specificity of its presentation. The novelty of the research is the introduction into scientific circulation of new sources, determining their scientific relevance and expanding the boundaries of research in aspects of the issue. An analysis of documents revealing the peculiarities of conducting services and prayer meetings by religious communities of the Protestant movement, the rules of transition to non-Orthodox faiths and the principles of implementing political decisions on Protestants as an opposition to the government. The processed sources have a great informative potential on the government's policy towards the religious opposition, various aspects of the activities of certain areas of the Protestant movement, and the sources provide an opportunity to study in detail the phenomenon of Protestant movement popularity in Ukraine during the study period. The introduction of official letters into scientific circulation as a source for covering the history of the Protestant movement will contribute to an objective study of the peculiarities of its manifestation and the policy of the authorities. The scientific value of the article is due to the formulation and study of current sources on the history of the Protestant movement in Ukraine.

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Kazak, Oleg G. "INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF THE WESTERN POLESIE ETHNO-POLITICAL MOVEMENT IN BELARUS. THE FUNCTIONING OF THE SOCIO-CULTURAL ASSOCIATION “POLISSE” (1988–1995)." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Eurasian Studies. History. Political Science. International Relations, no. 4 (2022): 10–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2686-7648-2022-4-10-37.

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The article is analyzing the functioning of the socio-cultural association “Polisse” in the context of the socio-political and national-cultural life of Belarus during the period of Soviet “Perestroika” and in the first years of independence. It considers various aspects of the organization’s activity in the structure of the Belarusian Cultural Foundation, as well as in alliance with other political forces (Belarusian People’s Front, Ukrainian Party “Rukh”, “Party of People’s Accord”, “Coordinating Committee of Public and Political Movements of the Republic of Belarus”, “People’s Movement of Belarus”). An attempt is made to draw up a political portrait of the leader of the Western Polesie movement Nikolai Shelyagovich. The article also analyzes the arguments of the opponents to the Western Polesie movement from among the representatives of the power and intellectual elites of Belarus (inadmissibility of politicization of ethnicity, anti-scientific statements about the existence of a separate West Polesie people, lack of objective prerequisites for the autonomization of the Polesie region). The basis for the source base of the work were first introduced into the scientific turnover documents of the National Archives of the Republic of Belarus and the Central Scientific Archive of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus (appeals of the leaders of the West Polesie movement to various authorities, analytical notes sent to the Commission on National Policy and Interethnic Relations of the Supreme Council of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic / Republic of Belarus, minutes of meetings of academic institutions, at which the activities of Socio-cultural association “Polisse” were discussed)

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Santos, Gabriel Silva, Maurício Brandão Vecchi, and Maria Alice Santos Alves. "transatlantic Movement of Domestic PIGEONS Columba livia domestica." Oecologia Australis 24, no. 04 (December 14, 2020): 781–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4257/oeco.2020.2404.03.

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Historically, Domestic pigeon (Columba livia domestica Gmelin,1789) (Columbiformes, Columbidae) breeders use the species to promotes race competitions which over the time could select traits to increase the flight performance and spatial orientation capabilities. Although the species has remarkable navigational abilities, it is possible that these birds sometimes become disoriented pushing the individuals to fly off-course and over distances larger than usual. Here we report a Domestic Pigeon ringed in the Canary Islands (Spain) observed in the Abrolhos Archipelago, eastern Brazil, and compiled similar events (N = 5) in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean coast. Our results indicate that these events are largely unnoticed in the scientific literature as most of them were found in non-scientific newspaper and academic conferences, thus, untraceable from scientific databases as Scopus and Google Scholar. As domestic pigeons are possible intermediate hosts of diseases, we encourage the creation of a systematized database of this kind of movements of these birds, including the profile of these vagrants and the circumstances in which these events occur, which can be a basis to be used for scientists and decision makers.

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Prasad, Shambu C., and Mathieu Quet. "Creative Dissent in India: Knowledge Swaraj and the People’s Health Movement." Engaging Science, Technology, and Society 8, no. 1 (May 31, 2022): 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.17351/ests2022.471.

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There is an increasing interest among STS scholars to go beyond public understanding of science to look at the role of social movements in shaping alternate science and exploring the role of scientific dissent and the reconfiguration of the relations between scientists and citizens. The increasing popularity of citizen science that seeks to reengage the public in science needs to be situated within broader social movements that have argued for more conversations on science and democracy. This paper explores the idea of scientific dissent in India within a rich and vibrant tradition of People’s Science Movement(s). We suggest that the dominance of the technoscientific elite has been countered in part through creative dissent by citizens and scientists working together in envisioning knowledge futures. Specifically, a citizen’s manifesto—Knowledge Swaraj, is examined for its potential to present a frame for science in civil society rooted around the principles of plurality, sustainability, and justice that could reclaim the citizen’s autonomy or ‘self-rule’. Through the case study of the knowledge created by the People’s Health Movement (PHM) in India from 1976–1990, we show how creative dissent has enabled multiple conversations about science, medicine, and democracy that both critique dominant state and market narratives and presents an alternative through dissenting scientists.

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Xu, Li Ling. "Analysis of the Movement of Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 484-485 (January 2014): 80–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.484-485.80.

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The development of sportswear is closely related to the development of scientific and technological,the improvement of the communitys civilization.As the professional sportswear design and production are close to new material,high-tech sportswear will not only help the athletes improve performance and raise campaign skills,but also more advantageous in protecting athletes safety.

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Ahmad Hamdan AL- TAMIMI, Azhar. "TRANSLATION MOVEMENT REASONS AND RESULTS ‎‎." RIMAK International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 03, no. 08 (November 1, 2021): 241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.8-3.18.

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There is no doubt that after the conquest, the Arabs faced new problems in various aspects of ‎life and thought, which no longer benefited with the simple methods that they were proficient ‎in, but imposed on them new methods that must be learned and worked on, and that the ‎driving force that made Arabs interested in science comes from the Holy Qur’an and the ‎hadiths of the Prophet (PBUH) Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) who urges to seek ‎knowledge, and to convert Arabs from a tribal society into an urban society, and civilization ‎necessitates the necessity of seeking knowledge, and the only way for this is to transfer ‎science to their language through translation, and what the historians agree on is that thanks to ‎Al-Mansour, Al-Rasheed and Al-Ma'moon, translation has flourished and that To secure them ‎Freedom of thought and its expression, then by their gifts and the attractive salaries with ‎which scholars singled out them, then sending them the scientific expeditions to the country ‎of Rome to carry books and scientific and philosophical manuscripts to the House of Wisdom, ‎to be translated and explained by the most famous translators, and some princes, along with ‎the caliphs, assisted and encouraged the translation movement, that They made money to get ‎the manuscripts and made money for the translators and took care of their pension‎‎. Keywords: Translation, Translation Motives, Direct Mixing, Results of The Translati Movement

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Ortega-Villaseñor, Humberto, and Alonso Santiago Ortega González. "Universe in Movement." Asian Journal of Humanity, Art and Literature 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2016): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/ajhal.v3i2.311.

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In this paper, we analyze some aspects of the posthumous work of American writer Edgar Alan Poe, titled Eureka. A prose poem, published in 1848. This is a controversial book for several reasons, among others, by the complexity of its artistic characterization, depth of and cognitive influences and impact of its nutrients for the world of science, especially physics and astronomy. First, we proceed to do a panoramic review of the contributions of the writer outside the United States, and it is explained the interest in his vast literary production in France and in the Spanish-speaking world. They are then analyzed the links that Eureka may have with the literary career of Poe and other fields of culture, art and science that are related precisely with philosophy, aesthetics and above all, the Astronomy of his time. Finally, it is considered and weighted the prospective dimension of the work under study, trying to clarify to what extent Eureka is ahead of the universe conception that we have today and what effect it may have had on the contemporary scientific and technological change.

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Obukhov, Artem D., Andrey A. Volkov, Nadezhda A. Vekhteva, Daniil V. Teselkin, and Alexey E. Arkhipov. "Human motion capture algorithm for creating digital shadows of the movement process." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2388, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2388/1/012033.

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Abstract The improvement of virtual reality systems declares new requirements for the user immersion quality. To improve the immersiveness of the interaction process with virtual space, it is necessary to provide a realistic representation of a person in it, as well as the processes of his movement and interaction with virtual objects. In this work, the issue of using motion capture technologies to create a realistic avatar (digital shadow) and visualization of the movement process is considered. An algorithm for capturing human movements based on synchronization of various hardware solutions has been developed to create a digital shadow of the human movement process. The algorithm can be used to match the user with his virtual copy in virtual reality systems. The scientific novelty of the method lies in taking into account the position, direction and speed of a person’s movement, synchronization of the motion capture hardware tools used to create digital shadows of the person’s movement process.

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Reiser, Stanley Joel. "Misconduct and the Development of Ethics in the Biological Sciences." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 3, no. 4 (1994): 499–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180100005375.

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A variety of cases of scientific misconduct have been documented since the 1980s among biological scientists. These cases have focused the attention of the public and scientific community on this behavior and made it the centerpiece of the concern about ethics in the biological sciences. In contrast, the ethics movement in clinical medicine, which arose in the 1960s, was not basically directed at the problems of wrong-doing. Instead it concentrated on the difficult ethical choices that had to be made In the practice of medicine.In this essay, I discuss the two movements. The attention given to misconduct In the biological sciences has become excessive and diverts its ethics movement from exploring and teaching about the difficult ethical decisions scientists must make in weighing obligations to self, science, and society. A more balanced and selective approach to developing an ethical framework in the biological sciences is needed.

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McCormick, Sabrina, Phil Brown, and Stephen Zavestoski. "The Personal Is Scientific, the Scientific Is Political: The Public Paradigm of the Environmental Breast Cancer Movement." Sociological Forum 18, no. 4 (December 2003): 545–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:sofo.0000003003.00251.2f.

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Delfanti, Alessandro. "Open science, a complex movement." Journal of Science Communication 09, no. 03 (September 21, 2010): E. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/2.09030501.

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Science must be open and accessible, and diffusion of knowledge should not be limited by patents and copyrights. After the Open Science Summit held in Berkeley, some notes about sharing scientific data and updating the social contract for science. Against the determinist view on technological and legal solutions, we need an explicit reflection on the relation between science and society. Both academic and industrial science seem unable to fulfill open science needs: new societal configurations are emerging and we should keep asking questions about appropriation, power, privatisation and freedom.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Scientific movement'

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