Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Scientific method'
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Hirankitti, Visit. "Applying scientific method to program debugging." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286338.
Full textWalker, David Martin. "Dialectics, materialism and Marx's scientific method." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.626862.
Full textLenhart, Stephen J. "Cognitive Diversity and the Progress of Science." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145282.
Full textHan, Jing. "SCIENTIFIC REASONING:RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND ASSESSMENT." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366204433.
Full textBower, Keith Daniel. "Scientific epistemology in the theological method of Thomas F. Torrance." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1987. http://www.tren.com.
Full textKrusenvik, Linnéa. "Using Case Studies as a Scientific Method: Advantages and Disadvantages." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-32625.
Full textFAVERO, BHEATRIX BIENEMANN. "PSYCHOLOGY PROFESSIONALS AND STUDENT S CONCEPTIONS ABOUT SCIENCE AND SCIENTIFIC METHOD." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=34139@1.
Full textCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
Apesar dos inúmeros benefícios proporcionados pela prática científica ao mundo nos últimos anos, os profissionais e estudantes da Psicologia ainda se mostram resistentes ao uso do método científico na área. As origens de tais objeções e as variáveis que as influenciam ainda são incertas, fazendo-se necessário estudos que busquem investiga-las. A ideia principal apresentada neste estudo é a de que as concepções de ciência e método científico entre os profissionais e estudantes brasileiros de Psicologia são insuficientes. Para se testar as hipóteses derivadas dessa ideia, buscou-se avaliar essas concepções por meio de duas perguntas abertas sobre o tema e um questionário sociodemográfico. A amostra de respondentes ficou composta por 791 pessoas, estudantes (n = 407) e profissionais (n = 384) de todo Brasil, com idades entre 17 a 67 anos (M = 29,07; DP = 9,02), sendo 68,5 por cento do sexo feminino. As respostas foram analisadas por meio da Classificação Hierárquica Descendente e Análise Fatorial de Correspondências, com o auxílio da interface IRaMuTeQ. Os resultados revelaram que os participantes possuem concepções muito diversas em relação à ciência e ao método científico, predominando a noção de que a ciência é um método de aquisição de conhecimento, porém sem entrar em muitos detalhes sobre como se dá o funcionamento desse método. Ressalta-se a importância de um aprendizado aprofundado sobre metodologia científica nos cursos de Psicologia.
Despite the numerous benefits of scientific practice to the world in recent years, the professionals and students of the Psychology are still resistant to the use of the scientific method in this area. The origins of such objections and the variables that influence them are uncertain, requiring studies to investigate them. The main idea presented in this study is that the conceptions of science and scientific method among Brazilian professionals and students of Psychology are insufficient. In order to test the hypotheses derived from this idea, the aim of this study was to evaluate the psychology professionals and student s conceptions about science and scientific method through two open questions and a sociodemographic questionnaire. The sample of respondents was composed of 791 people, students (n = 407) and professionals (n = 384) from Brazil, aged between 17 and 67 years (M = 29.07, SD = 9.02), 68,5 percent women. The analysis of the texts occurred through the Descending Hierarchical Classification and Correspondence Factor Analysis with the aid of the IRaMuTeQ, an interface of textual analysis. The analysis revealed that the participants have very different conceptions about science and scientific method, dominating the notion that science is a method of acquiring knowledge, but without more details about how this method works. It is important to emphasize the importance of learning about scientific methodology in Psychology courses.
Dash, Michael Edward. "Psychiatry and scientific method : problems of validating causal hypotheses in psychotherapeutic contexts." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2001. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2500/.
Full textGrande, F. D. "Empiricism and rationalism in Ernst Mach's and Albert Einstein's conceptions of scientific method." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371542.
Full textKuhn, Robin Merritt Rosales-Ruiz Jesus. "Assessing the stimulus control of observers." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2009. http://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12146.
Full textMaria, Aili Törmä. "To Sample, or Not to Sample: That Is the Question : The use of scientific analytical methods on archaeological collections." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för ABM, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-295240.
Full textDen här uppsatsen undersöker det snåriga område mellan museers plikt att bevara samlingarna samt behovet att tillåta åtkomst för forskare till samlingarna och föremålen. Fokus ligger på arkeologiska samlingar, och oorganiskt material i synnerhet. Syftet är att belysa problemen, samt de möjligheter som arkeologisk vetenskaplig analys har att ge i kombination med museivetenskapliga begrepp såsom materialitet och materiell kultur, teorier om objektbiografi, objekt som aktörer och ”tysta” föremål. Uppsatsen utforskar utbyten mellan musei- och naturvetenskap som främjar ökad användning av föremål i samlingar, och undersöker om det finns verkliga hinder i utbytet eller om de endast är upplevda på grund av en bristande ömsesidig förståelse. Metodologiskt är det en textbaserad analys av forskningsläget internationellt och nationellt i Sverige, med en fallstudie bestående av observation av en forskargrupp som samtidigt gjorde arkeometallurgiska analyser av bronsåldersföremål, och intervjuer med en liten grupp personer med koppling till intresseområdena för denna uppsats. Källorna består av det material som genererats av fallstudien, samt den litteratur som gett den nödvändiga bakgrunden. Genom att använda textanalys, Actor-network theory, observation och intervjuer, kretsar diskussionerna runt teoretiska perspektiv som materialitet och materiell kultur, objektbiografi och ”tysta” föremål utifrån förutsättningen att analys kan återföra lite av en artefakts kontext. Resultaten visar på att museisektorn och andra discipliner i hög grad skulle tjäna på ett närmare samarbete och att arbeta mer tvärvetenskapligt. Museisamlingar inhyser föremål som skulle kunna berika de samlade disciplinerna med sina informativa värden, och med en mängd provtagningar och analyser av kontextlösa föremål kan nya och fascinerande mönster framträda, vilket i sin tur kan leda till nya upptäckter. Resultaten visar också att detta redan är satt i rörelse inom åtminstone arkeologin, men förhoppningen är att detta även kan ske i större skala inom museisektorn.
Borkum, Mark I. "Towards a computable scientific method : using knowledge representation techniques and technologies to support research." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2013. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/360885/.
Full textGiovannini, Elisabetta Caterina <1988>. "Virtual Reconstruction Information Management. A scientific method and 3D visualization of Virtual Reconstruction Processes." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/8330/1/giovannini_elisabettacaterina_tesi.pdf.
Full textCheng, Mei-lin, and 鄭美蓮. "The effect of teacher questioning and the "questioning-exploration-experience" learning method on early scientific thinking." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47055431.
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Education
Doctoral
Doctor of Education
Biggs, Andrew George. "Rawls as the #Newton of Morals' : the use of scientific method in #A Theory of Justice'." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283119.
Full textVan, der Walt Johanna Maria. "Technology for knowledge innovation : a realistic pluralist scientific problem solving capability." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01232006-155408.
Full textSmith, Nathan Douglas. "The Origins of Descartes' Concept of Mind in the Regulae ad directionem ingenii." Thesis, Boston College, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:101348.
Full textThesis advisor: Jean-Luc Solere
This dissertation attempts to locate the origins of Descartes' concept of mind in his early, unfinished treatise on scientific method, the Regulae ad directionem ingenii. It claims that one can see, in this early work, Descartes' commitment to substance dualism for methodological reasons. In order to begin an analysis of the Regulae, one must first attempt to resolve textual disputes concerning its integrity and one must understand the text as a historical work, dialectically situated in the tradition of late sixteenth and early seventeenth century thought. The dissertation provides this historical backdrop and textual sensitivity throughout, but it focuses on three main themes. First, the concept of mathesis universalis is taken to be the organizing principle of the work. This methodological principle defines a workable technique for solving mathematical problems, a means for applying mathematics to natural philosophical explanations, and a claim concerning the nature of mathematical truth. In each case, the mathesis universalis is designed to fit the innate capacities of the mind and the objects studied by mathesis are set apart from the mind as purely mechanical and geometrically representable objects. Second, Descartes' account of perceptual cognition, the principles of which are found in the Regulae, is examined. In this account, Descartes describes perception as a mechanical process up to the moment of conscious awareness. This point of awareness and the corresponding actions of the mind are, he claims, independent from mechanical principles; they are incorporeal and cannot be explained reductively. Finally, when Descartes outlines the explanatory bases of his natural science, he identifies certain "simple natures." These are the undetermined categories according to which actual things can be known. Descartes makes an explicit distinction between material simples and intellectual simples. It is argued that this distinction suggests a difference in kind between the sciences of the material world and the science or pure knowledge of the intellectual world. Though the Regulae is focused on physical or material explanations, there is a clear commitment to distinguishing this type of explanation from the explanation of mental content and mental acts. Hence, the Regulae demonstrates Descartes' early, methodological commitment to substance dualism
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2010
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Philosophy
Orth, Jared David. "Interdisciplinary Engagements with the Experience of Film." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/9802.
Full textMorawetz, Sara. "Measuring by Measuring Against: A Consideration of Scientific Methods in Conceptual Art Practices." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28214.
Full textBetini, Marluci. "Mapeamento das revistas científicas de medicina disponíveis no Portal de Periódicos da Capes que publicam revisões sistemáticas /." Botucatu :, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90372.
Full textBanca: Antônio José Maria Catâneo
Banca: Olavo Ribeiro Rodrigues
Resumo: Em virtude da importância das revisões sistemáticas (RSs) como fonte de evidências para a prática na área da saúde, esse tipo de estudo tornou-se cada vez mais frequente. Além disso, requerem pouco recurso financeiro e podem ser realizados em um período menor de tempo quando comparado aos ensaios clínicos. Pesquisadores têm usado esse estudo como uma ferramenta para compilar e avaliar informação útil na tomada de decisões clínicas. Desta forma, facilitar o caminho destas pesquisas para a publicação é essencial uma vez que, um dos meios mais efetivos para a disseminação dos resultados de pesquisas científicas é a apresentação dos mesmos em revistas científicas de alto impacto. Verificar a proporção de revistas científicas da área de Medicina que publicam revisões sistemáticas, bem como, correlacionar seus respectivos fatores de impacto e, identificar se estas revistas solicitam diretrizes específicas para o relato dos achados das revisões sistemáticas. Para cada revista foi averiguado, na seção instruções para autores, a menção do aceite de revisões sistemáticas e exigência das diretrizes específicas de relato das RSs. Quando não havia menção sobre o aceite nesta seção, foi consultado o conteúdo dos periódicos. Foram incluídas 625 revistas científicas de 25 subespecialidades médicas disponíveis no Portal de Periódicos da Capes, classificadas nas áreas Medicina I, II e III do avaliador bibliométrico Qualis que inclui o fator de impacto do ISI. Entre as revistas científicas analisadas, 437 (69,90%) publicam artigos de revisão sistemática, sendo que apenas 135 (21,60%) mencionam o aceite nas instruções de autores e 118 (27%) exigem a submissão das diretrizes específicas de relato das RSs. 302 (48,30%) revistas científicas, não mencionam o aceite de RSs na seção instruções de autores, porém publicam RSs. 30,10% (188 revistas) não publicam ...
Abstract: Due to the importance of systematic reviews as a source of solutions for medical practice, this kind of study has been increasingly more frequent. Furthermore require little financial resources and can be performed in a shorter time compared to the experimental studies. Researchers have used this methodology as a tool to compile and evaluate information useful in making clinical decisions. To determine the proportion and the average impact factor of scientific journals in the field of medicine that publish systematic reviews and require that these works are in accordance with the PRISMA, MOOSE or STARD. We included all 625 scientific journals from 25 medical subspecialties available in Journals Portal Capes, classified areas Medicine I, II and III of Qualis bibliometric evaluator which includes the ISI impact factor. For each issue was examined the systematic review acceptance in the instructions for authors and requirement of target cheklists. When there was no mention of the acceptance, was consulted the content of the scientific journals to know which publish although not mention in instructions for authors. 437 (69,90%) scientific journals published systematic reviews; 135 (21,60%) with acceptance mention in the instructions for authors and 118 (27%) require submission of specific guidelines for reporting of RSs. 302 (48,30%) scientific journal do not mention in the instructions for authors, but publishing and 30,10% (188 journals) do not publish this kind of paper. Only 27% scientific journals require items to be reported in accordance with the specific forms for reporting RSs. The results show the wide acceptance of RSs in the analyzed journals. There is a tendency toward uniformity of editorial policy about publication of RSs and the impact of these scientific journals in the scientific environment. The low-requirement cheklists indicates that editors are not using these tools for evaluating and ...
Mestre
Crawley, Katherine Rosemary. "Aim-oriented empiricism and the 'Father' of the scientific revolution : metaphysics and method in the work of Galileo." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314304.
Full textLuse, Donna Walton. "The Extent to Which Businesses Use the Scientific Method in the Organization and Preparation of Written Business Reports." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330740/.
Full textBlizard, Katherine S. "Shark Sim: A Procedural Method of Animating Leopard Sharks Based on Raw Location Data." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2013. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/938.
Full textFerreira, Paloma. "The effects of the Vocabulary Think Chart strategy on seventh-grade students' scientific vocabulary knowledge: A mixed-method study." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5735.
Full textPh.D.
Doctorate
Dean's Office, Education
Education and Human Performance
Education
Allen, Merridith. "Sex Curve." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2010. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1119.
Full textAlexander, Julie G. "Hydrographic Surface Modeling Through A Raster Based Spline Creation Method." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2014. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1842.
Full textCloete, Bronwyn Claudia. "An approach to the improvement of the Selenium analysis process of the Western Cape Provincial Veterinary Laboratory." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1218.
Full textReliable analytical results represent the pinnacle assessment of the quality of an analytical laboratory. Variability associated with the analytical method, or process known as selenium analysis which is being used at Western Cape Provincial Veterinary Laboratory (WC PVL), presents a critical quality problem. This is due to the narrow margin of safety between toxic and deficient doses for animal health. In addition, control features of this selenium process, were found to be limited. Limited control features represent ‘process waste’. To overcome the adverse impact of variation and limited control, steps towards process improvement present the best solution.The primary research objective of the research study is: “To establish an alternative accurate and safer digestion procedure within the ‘selenium analysis process, in order to attain quality improvement of the process”.The scientific method was employed to accomplish the research objective. The research design and methodology selected was based on the scientific PDCA cycle, and is known as Lean Six Sigma. A research hypothesis was set as H0 : Variation in process, time and control procedures have a direct impact on the disparity in selenium testing results. Research was able to test the hypothesis using scientific methodology which was empirical, inductive and deductive, systematic, relied on data and was fact based.Implementation of an alternative, more reliable and safer selenium analysis process is believed to result in reduced risks associated to the digestion procedure, while optimising selenium yield and ultimately translating into improved quality in terms of accuracy and precision, thus confidence in results.
Kuhn, Robin Merritt. "Assessing the Stimulus Control of Observers." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12146/.
Full textLucero, Aldo. "Compressing scientific data with control and minimization of the L-infinity metric under the JPEG 2000 framework." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2007. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
Full textSkott, Anton. "Problems and Possibilities with Non-Empirical Assessment of Scientific Theories : An Analysis of the Argument Given by Richard Dawid." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för filosofi, historia, konst och religion, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-164989.
Full textRoubert, Francois. "Intensely distributed nanoscience : co-ordinating scientific work in a large multi-sited cross-disciplinary nanomedical project." Thesis, Brunel University, 2017. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/16868.
Full textJackson, Edgar Basil. "The faith dynamic in creationism and evolutionary theory." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9061.
Full textThesis (PhD (Dogmatics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus in association with Greenwich School of Theology, U.K., 2013.
Oliveira, Mohamad Nagashima de [UNIFESP]. "Uma nova ciência: uma apresentação da ciência newtoniana." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2014. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/39262.
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A presente dissertação versa sobre como podemos identificar os Principia, escrito por Newton na sua versão final em 1726, como uma obra estritamente matemática e como podemos identificar a Óptica, 1703, como um livro que parte de experimentos para que fosse formulado. Para tanto apresento primeiramente uma contextualização de época de Newton, para que se apresente as preocupações de Newton na divulgação de suas teorias e então uma leitura estruturada dos Principia que visa explicar como ele é um livro matematicamente estruturado. Após isso apresento a leitura de algumas questões da Óptica visando apresentar como que os experimentos ajudam a compor o livro. Ao final, apresento uma conclusão dividida em três partes, a primeira uma conclusão sobre o método científico de Newton, a segunda uma conclusão que visa dar os últimos argumentos para uma leitura puramente matemática dos Principia e uma terceira que trata por fim sobre os experimentos com a Óptica.
This text is about how We can identify the Principia, writed by Newton in your final version in 1726, as a book strictly math and how We can identify the Optics, 1703, as a book which start from experiments to build on. To do it I show firstly a contextualization of Newton’s time, to show the concerns of Newton about the disclosure of his theories and then a structural read of the Principia to explain how it is mathematically structured. After it, I show a read of few questions from Optics to show how the experiments help to compose the book. In the end, I show a conclusion divided in three parts, the first is a conclusion about scientific method, and the second is to give final arguments to a read of pure math of Principia and, at least, the third that show last arguments to experiments in Optics.
Hou, Peter S. "Nodal Reordering Strategies to Improve Preconditioning for Finite Element Systems." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32026.
Full textMaster of Science
Suart, Júnior José Bento. "A dialética do conhecimento científico, a prática e a experimentação : uma análise do ideário de licenciandos e sua relação com a epistemologia da ciência moderna /." Bauru : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90990.
Full textAbstract: Quantum Mechanics topics, or Modern Physics / Chemistry topics presents complex philosophical and conceptual framework. It is necessary to coordinate conflictiong images in addition to admiting a non-deterministic character, a discontinuous energetic nature, elements of probability besides postulates. The educational setting of these official documents reflects an epistemological dechotomy that was found in the physics and chemistry sciences. A view of the history of Scientific Method still puts Quantun Mechanics as main reason of the deterministic tradition ending and as the same time the beginning of what is named bu Bachelard as New Scientific Spirit. This Spirit admits methaphysical assumptions that are also found in Werner Heisenberg's work looks for elements of quoted New Spirit among other elements of Gaston Bacherlard's epistemology concerning the ideals of non-graduated Physics and Chemistry students. As support for this research, phenomenology was taken as methodology of data analysis. This research happens into a context particularly made for what is called "pedagogical activity of denial." This current work shows that the referred categories always make part of non-graduated students discourse, and the dialectic admitted by Bachelard doesn't. In front of epistemic issues, there is a philosophical contradiction, where the ontology is admitted and also danied, what exactly happens to epistemology. The mindset still accepts multiple conceptions for the same idea and epistemological obstacles, such as an intricate mathematics in the scientific process supported by Bachelard. As result it is possible to find out an instrumental math making part of tools of what Quantun mechanics is constituted
Orientador: Silvia Regina Q. Aro Zuliani
Coorientador: Marcelo Carbone Carneiro
Banca: Iramaia Jorge Cabral de Paulo
Banca: Eduardo Adolfo Terrazzan
Mestre
Erdogan, Rahsan. "Investigation Of The Preservice Science Teachers." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12605156/index.pdf.
Full textViews on Science-Technology-Society (VOSTS)&rdquo
instrument, translated and adapted into Turkish, were utilized to assess participants&rsquo
views on the nature of science. The VOSTS (Aikenhead, Ryan and Fleming, 1989) is a pool of 114 empirically developed multiple-choice items with nine categories. In this study, 21 item selected from the epistemology of science category corresponded to the purposes of the assessment. In order to understand participants&rsquo
views on nature of science in depth, semi-structured interviews were also conducted by 9 volunteer preservice science teachers. The results gave a picture of the preservice science teachers&rsquo
views on nature of science. Results of this study revealed preservice science teachers&rsquo
misconceptions on nature of science. Their views are mostly traditional on the nature of science. Results of the study indicated that preservice science teachers held traditional views (naive) regarding the definition of science
the nature of scientific models
the relationships between hypotheses, theories, and laws
fundamental assumptions for all science
the scientific method
uncertainty in scientific knowledge
epistemological status of scientific knowledge
coherence of concepts across disciplines. On the other hand participants have contemporary views (realistic) on the nature of observation
the nature of classification schemes
the tentativeness of scientific knowledge
cause and effect relationship. Analysis of interviews also supported these findings and gave a deep insight on preservice science teachers&rsquo
views on nature of science.
Potter, Dustin Paul. "A combinatorial approach to scientific exploration of gene expression data: An integrative method using Formal Concept Analysis for the comparative analysis of microarray data." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28792.
Full textPh. D.
DeLuca, Todd A. "A Technical Writing Internship with CTC Parker Automation." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1006205131.
Full textOnyekachi, Nnaji John. "Concepts of the 'Scientific Revolution': An analysis of the historiographical appraisal of the traditional claims of the science." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/117678.
Full text"Revolución científica", como concepto, se refiere a la vez a algo «filosóficamente general» e « históricamente único". Ambos sentidos del término aluden a la ocurrencia de grandes cambios en la ciencia. El primero define los cambios en la ciencia como un proceso continuo, mientras que el último los designa, en particular, como la "transformación", que tuvo lugar durante la Edad Moderna. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo demostrar cómo la crítica de los historicistas a la justificación de las características tradicionales de la ciencia sobre la base de los procesos y normas científicos de los siglos XVI y XVII, ilustra la determinación histórica y local de los atributos de la ciencia. Se argumenta que la identificación del carácter contextual e histórico de los procesos científicos justifica una reconsideración de nuestra noción de la universalidad de la ciencia. Se afirma que la universalidad de la ciencia se ha de buscar en el papel de tales fuentes como instrumentos científicos, la formación práctica y la adquisición de rutinas metodológicas
Futral, Jeremy Stephen. "A method of evaluation of high-performance computing batch schedulers." UNF Digital Commons, 2019. https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/869.
Full textLang, Jens. "Energie- und Ausführungszeitmodelle zur effizienten Ausführung wissenschaftlicher Simulationen." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-159435.
Full textComputer simulation as a part of the scientific computing has established as third pillar in scientific methodology, besides theory and experiment. The task of computer science in the field of scientific computing is the development of efficient simulation algorithms as well as their efficient implementation. The thesis focuses on the efficient implementation of two important methods in scientific computing: the Fast Multipole Method (FMM) for particle simulations, and the Finite Element Method (FEM), which is, e.g., used for deformation problems of solids. The efficiency of the implementation considers the execution time of the simulations and the energy consumption of the computing systems needed for the execution. The method used for increasing the efficiency is model-based autotuning. For model-based autotuning, a model for the substantial parts of the algorithm is set up which estimates the execution time or energy consumption. This model depends on properties of the computer used, of the input data and of parameters of the algorithm. The properties of the computer are determined by executing the real code for different implementation variants. These implementation variantss comprise a CPU and a graphics processor implementation for the FEM, and implementations of near field and far field interaction calculations for the FMM. Using the models, the execution costs for each variant are predicted. Thus, the optimal algorithm parameters can be determined analytically for a minimisation of the desired target value, i.e. execution time or energy consumption. When the simulation is executed, the most efficient implementation variants are used depending on the prediction of the model. While for the FMM the performance measurement takes place independently from the execution of the simulation, for the FEM a method for dynamically distributing the workload to the CPU and the GPU is presented, which takes into account execution times measured at runtime. By measuring the real execution times, it is possible to response to changing conditions and to adapt the distribution of the workload accordingly. The results of the thesis show that model-based autotuning makes it possible to increase the efficiency of applications in scientific computing regarding execution time and energy consumption. Especially, the consideration of the energy consumption of alternative execution paths, i.e. the energy adaptivity, will be of great importance in scientific computing in the near future
Turner, Andrew J. "A methodology for the development of models for the simulation of non-observable systems." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/51886.
Full textTabassum, N. "GENDER IN MEDICAL CAREERS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/366992.
Full textSantos, João Paulo Martins dos. "Método multigrid algébrico: reutilização das estruturas multigrid no transporte de contaminantes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-10052016-145452/.
Full textThe need for solving large linear systems arising from the discretization of partial differential equations modelling physical phenomena motivates the search for scalable numerical techniques. Multigrid algorithms are instances of such techniques.In order to provide a suitable assessment of the solution obtained by such algorithms, an error estimator must be associated to the numerical solution of the discretized problem. In this context, this thesis proposes the reutilization of the hierarchical matrix structures of transfer operators and the restriction to algebraic multigrid methods to speed up the process of solving the linear systems associated with the contaminant transport equation in saturated porous media. In addition, it features the implementation of residual estimates for problems involving constant or non-constant data, the regimes of small- or large-scale advection and the proposal of employing the residual estimates associated to the source term and to the initial condition to build adaptive procedures for the problem data. The development of the computer codes of the finite element method, residual estimator and adaptive procedures were based on the FEniCS project, using the programming language PYTHONR and developed on the Eclipse platform. The implementation of the algebraic methods with reutilization relied upon the libray PyAMG. Grounding on the idea of reutilizing the hierarchical structures, fixed and automatic parameters multigrid methods were proposed and extended to non-stationary iterative methods such as GMRES and BICGSTAB. The numerical results demonstrate that the residual estimator captures the behavior of the real error of the numerical solution, and provide adaptive algorithms for the data whose output mesh yields a numerical solution alike to that obtained from a uniform mesh with more elements. Moreover, the methods with reutilization are faster than those that do not reuse the structures. Besides, the efficiency of such methods can also be observed in the solution of an auxiliary problem, which is necessary for deriving the residual estimates in the regime of large-scale advection. These results encompass both the type SA algebraic multigrid method and those pre-conditioned by them. Moreover, they involve the transport of contaminants in regime of small- and large-scale advection, structured and non-structured meshes, bi- and tridimensional problems and domains with different scales.
Betini, Marluci [UNESP]. "Mapeamento das revistas científicas de medicina disponíveis no Portal de Periódicos da Capes que publicam revisões sistemáticas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90372.
Full textEm virtude da importância das revisões sistemáticas (RSs) como fonte de evidências para a prática na área da saúde, esse tipo de estudo tornou-se cada vez mais frequente. Além disso, requerem pouco recurso financeiro e podem ser realizados em um período menor de tempo quando comparado aos ensaios clínicos. Pesquisadores têm usado esse estudo como uma ferramenta para compilar e avaliar informação útil na tomada de decisões clínicas. Desta forma, facilitar o caminho destas pesquisas para a publicação é essencial uma vez que, um dos meios mais efetivos para a disseminação dos resultados de pesquisas científicas é a apresentação dos mesmos em revistas científicas de alto impacto. Verificar a proporção de revistas científicas da área de Medicina que publicam revisões sistemáticas, bem como, correlacionar seus respectivos fatores de impacto e, identificar se estas revistas solicitam diretrizes específicas para o relato dos achados das revisões sistemáticas. Para cada revista foi averiguado, na seção instruções para autores, a menção do aceite de revisões sistemáticas e exigência das diretrizes específicas de relato das RSs. Quando não havia menção sobre o aceite nesta seção, foi consultado o conteúdo dos periódicos. Foram incluídas 625 revistas científicas de 25 subespecialidades médicas disponíveis no Portal de Periódicos da Capes, classificadas nas áreas Medicina I, II e III do avaliador bibliométrico Qualis que inclui o fator de impacto do ISI. Entre as revistas científicas analisadas, 437 (69,90%) publicam artigos de revisão sistemática, sendo que apenas 135 (21,60%) mencionam o aceite nas instruções de autores e 118 (27%) exigem a submissão das diretrizes específicas de relato das RSs. 302 (48,30%) revistas científicas, não mencionam o aceite de RSs na seção instruções de autores, porém publicam RSs. 30,10% (188 revistas) não publicam...
Due to the importance of systematic reviews as a source of solutions for medical practice, this kind of study has been increasingly more frequent. Furthermore require little financial resources and can be performed in a shorter time compared to the experimental studies. Researchers have used this methodology as a tool to compile and evaluate information useful in making clinical decisions. To determine the proportion and the average impact factor of scientific journals in the field of medicine that publish systematic reviews and require that these works are in accordance with the PRISMA, MOOSE or STARD. We included all 625 scientific journals from 25 medical subspecialties available in Journals Portal Capes, classified areas Medicine I, II and III of Qualis bibliometric evaluator which includes the ISI impact factor. For each issue was examined the systematic review acceptance in the instructions for authors and requirement of target cheklists. When there was no mention of the acceptance, was consulted the content of the scientific journals to know which publish although not mention in instructions for authors. 437 (69,90%) scientific journals published systematic reviews; 135 (21,60%) with acceptance mention in the instructions for authors and 118 (27%) require submission of specific guidelines for reporting of RSs. 302 (48,30%) scientific journal do not mention in the instructions for authors, but publishing and 30,10% (188 journals) do not publish this kind of paper. Only 27% scientific journals require items to be reported in accordance with the specific forms for reporting RSs. The results show the wide acceptance of RSs in the analyzed journals. There is a tendency toward uniformity of editorial policy about publication of RSs and the impact of these scientific journals in the scientific environment. The low-requirement cheklists indicates that editors are not using these tools for evaluating and ...
Suart, Júnior José Bento [UNESP]. "A dialética do conhecimento científico, a prática e a experimentação: uma análise do ideário de licenciandos e sua relação com a epistemologia da ciência moderna." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90990.
Full textOs tópicos em Mecânica Quântica, ou Física/Química moderna apresentam complexa estrutura conceitual e filosófica. Há que se coordenar imagens contraditórias alpem de se admitir um caráter não determinístico, uma natureza enérgica descontínuo, elementos de probablidade além de postulados. O cenário educacional dos documentos oficiais tais tópicos reflete uma dicotonomia encontrada nas epistemologias das ciências Física e Química. Um olhar sobre a história do Método Científico ainda coloca a Mecânica Quântica como o cerne do fim de uma tradição determinista e o início do que Bachelard denominará de Novo Espírito Científico. Tal Espírito admite pressupostos metafisicos que são encontrados também nos trabalhos de Werner Heinsenberg. O presente trabalho busca então os elementos deste Novo Espírito entre outros elementos da epistemologia de Gaston Bechelard no ideário de licenciados de Física e Química. Como apoio para tal busca torna-se a fenomenologia como metodologia de análise de dados. Esta busca se dá num contexto especialmente construído para tal no que se denomina atividade pedagógica do não. O presente trabalho constata que tais categorias encontram-se no discurso de licenciandos, todavia, a dialética admitida por Bachelard não é encontrada. Frente a problemas epistêmicos, verifica-se ainda a contradição filosófica, em que a ontologia ora é admitida, ora negada, ocorrendo o mesmo com a epistemologia. O ideário ainda admite múltiplas concepções para um mesmo conceito e obstáculos epistemológicos, assim como conta uma matemática intrincada dentro do processo científico defendido por Bachelard, o que se verifica é uma matemática instrumental fazendo parte de um ferramental que se constitui assim a Mecânica Quântica
Quantum Mechanics topics, or Modern Physics / Chemistry topics presents complex philosophical and conceptual framework. It is necessary to coordinate conflictiong images in addition to admiting a non-deterministic character, a discontinuous energetic nature, elements of probability besides postulates. The educational setting of these official documents reflects an epistemological dechotomy that was found in the physics and chemistry sciences. A view of the history of Scientific Method still puts Quantun Mechanics as main reason of the deterministic tradition ending and as the same time the beginning of what is named bu Bachelard as New Scientific Spirit. This Spirit admits methaphysical assumptions that are also found in Werner Heisenberg's work looks for elements of quoted New Spirit among other elements of Gaston Bacherlard's epistemology concerning the ideals of non-graduated Physics and Chemistry students. As support for this research, phenomenology was taken as methodology of data analysis. This research happens into a context particularly made for what is called pedagogical activity of denial. This current work shows that the referred categories always make part of non-graduated students discourse, and the dialectic admitted by Bachelard doesn't. In front of epistemic issues, there is a philosophical contradiction, where the ontology is admitted and also danied, what exactly happens to epistemology. The mindset still accepts multiple conceptions for the same idea and epistemological obstacles, such as an intricate mathematics in the scientific process supported by Bachelard. As result it is possible to find out an instrumental math making part of tools of what Quantun mechanics is constituted
Padula, Ana Elisa Madureira. "Claude Bernard: fisiologia e filosofia." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2011. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/13251.
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This research addresses the historical development of the experimental physiology of Claude Bernard (1813-1878) by focusing on the continuities and discontinuities of his thought through the analysis of a manuscript entitled Philosophie, a compilation of reflections on a course on philosophy. It was possible to temporally and epistemologically distinguish two phases in this demarche. The first one corresponds to the years under the influence of François Magendie, thus comprising Bernard´s medical education and early research work. The second one begins by the time Bernard was recovering from a disease and whose first product was Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine, published in 1865. Analysis of Philosophie allowed identifying reflections significant to Bernard´s construction of the grounds of experimental science, leading to his founding concept, namely determinism. Similarly, it shows important differences between Bernard´s and Auguste Comte´s thought
Este trabalho mostra, no tempo histórico, o desenvolvimento da fisiologia experimental de Claude Bernard, abordando as continuidades e descontinuidades em sua obra, através da análise do manuscrito Philosophie, uma coletânea de reflexões do autor sobre um curso de filosofia. Foi possível localizar, temporal e epistemologicamente, o pensamento de Bernard em duas fases diferentes. A primeira corresponde a um período magendiano , abrangendo sua formação e seus primeiros trabalhos; a segunda, que se inicia por ocasião da convalescença de Bernard, e que se expressa através da publicação, em 1865, de Introdução ao Estudo da Medicina Experimental. A análise da obra Philosophie permitiu identificar reflexões importantes de Bernard sobre as bases ciência experimental, o determinismo e as diferenças entre seu pensamento e aquele de Auguste Comte
Leite, Fábio Rodrigo. "Um estudo sobre a filosofia da história e sobre a historiografia da ciência de Pierre Duhem." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8133/tde-13092012-094105/.
Full textThe present Thesis encompasses an analysis of three closely related components of Pierre Duhems thought, namely, the historiography of science, the philosophy of history and the historical method. In the first part, we examine the essential relationships established between the Duhemian historical method and his philosophy of history. In the second part, our attention turns to the study of some aspects of Duhems historiography that have been neglected by the secondary literature, particularly, the Duhemian conception of scientific revolutions. We believe that it is possible to compose a synthetic interpretation that harmonizes, without inconsistencies, on the one hand, the assertions of the French historian that led the commentators to see him as a strict continuist and, on the other hand, some other forgotten passages that tend to reinforce a discontinuist interpretation.
Черв`яков, Володимир Дмитрович, Владимир Дмитриевич Червяков, Volodymyr Dmytrovych Cherviakov, Андрій Олександрович Панич, Андрей Александрович Паныч, Andrii Oleksandrovych Panych, Ірина Володимирівна Щокотова, Ирина Владимировна Щокотова, and Iryna Volodymyrivna Shсhokotova. "Об'єктно-орієнтований підхід до організації наукової роботи студентів у галузі системотехніки." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/10486.
Full textGordana, Hajduković-Jandrić. "Развој наставних инструкција у активној настави физике." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2016. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=96761&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Full textPredmet ovog istraživanja su efekti dva tipa nastavne instrukcije: tradicionalne, i eksperimentalne-nastavne instrukcije zasnovane na aktivnoj nastavi fizike. U radu su prikazane problemska nastava i naučni metod kao nastavne instrukcije u aktivnoj nastavi fizike. Naučni metod koji je predmet ovog istraživanja zasniva se na jednostavnim ogledima u fizici koji ne zahtevaju skupu opremu i mogu se realizovati uz minimum nastavnih sredstava koja su dostupna svakom - 230 -učeniku. Prikazani su rezultati istraživanja sprovedenog sa ciljem ispitivanja uticaja primenjenih nastavnih instrukcija u nastavifizike, na rezultat ukupnog obrazovnog učinka, trajnosti stečenih znanja kao i razumevanje aspekata prirode nauke i naučnog istraživanja u odnosu na tradicionalnu nastavu. Ispitivanje je izvršeno kao pedagoški eksperiment tipaparalelnih grupa, na uzorku šestih i osmih razreda osnovne škole „Miroslav Antić“ i „Desanka Maksimović“ u Futogu. Utvrđeno je postojanje značajne razlike u trajnosti zadržavanja znanja kao i bržem i temeljnijem usvajanju nastavnih sadržaja primenom nastavnih instrukcija u aktivnoj nastavi fizike u odnosu na tradicionalnu nastavu. Analiza rezultata finalnog testa ukazuje na pozitivan trend razumevanja skoro svih aspekata prirode nauke u eksperimentalnim grupama. Glavni nedostatak u primeni ovih nastavnih instrukcija predstavljaju individualne razlike učenika u brzini rešavanja postavljenog problema, kao i nedostatak adekvatne literature koja bi podržala ovakav oblik nastave.
The subject of this study is the effects of two types of teaching instruction: traditional and experimental teaching instructions based on the active teaching of physics. In this article is presented the problem solving teaching and the scientific method as a teaching instruction in active teaching of physics. - 232 -Scientific method that is the subject of this research is based on simple experiments in physics that do not require expensive equipment and can be implemented with minimum teaching resources that are available to every student. There are presented results of research carried out to study the effect of the applied educational instruction in physics, the result of the overall educational performance, durability of acquired knowledge and understanding of aspects of the nature of science and scientific research in relation to the traditional teaching. The study was conducted as a pedagogical experiment of parallel groups in a sample of sixth and eighth-graders, in schools "Miroslav Antic" and "Desanka Maksimovic" in Futog. The study of pedagogical documentation as well as the results obtained from initial test designed for the purpose of this research, formed the control and experimental groups matched for relevant educational parameters. Is done a comparison of the control group – the problem teaching, the control group - the scientific method and the problem teaching - the scientific method, in quantum, quality and efficiency of knowledge of the applied methods. The results were statistically analyzed. There existed significant differences in the durability of knowledge retention, faster and more thorough adoption of educational content using of the active teaching instruction in teaching physics than traditional teaching. Analysis of the results of the final test shows a positive trend understanding of almost all aspects of the nature of science in the experimental groups. The main drawback in the implementation of the teaching instruction students is individual differences in the speed of solving the problem, and the lack of adequate literature to support this form of teaching.