Journal articles on the topic 'Scientific habitus'
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Lenoir, Remi. "Scientific Habitus." Theory, Culture & Society 23, no. 6 (November 2006): 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276406069774.
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Ivanova, Natalia A. "Scientific habitus: unity of differences." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Filosofiya. Sotsiologiya. Politologiya, no. 2(30) (June 1, 2015): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/1998863x/30/3.
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Jeon, June. "Rethinking Scientific Habitus: Toward a Theory of Embodiment, Institutions, and Stratification of Science." Engaging Science, Technology, and Society 5 (July 3, 2019): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.17351/ests2019.303.
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Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of habitus has been largely absent in Science and Technology Studies (STS) despite its potential usefulness. In this essay, I develop the concept of scientific habitus as a useful way to think about scientific practices. I argue that scientific habitus may offer three contributions that illuminate scientists’ own micro-practices in relation to meso- and macro-level dynamics in the scientific field. First, the concept enables us to think of scientists’ worldviews and bodily techniques as objects of STS analysis. While the majority of STS scholars have focused on the construction of knowledge, scientific habitus allows us to study the construction of the scientists’ body and mind. Secondly, scientific habitus links individual practices with institutional contexts; it highlights how the micro-practices of individuals in scientific laboratories reflect and reproduce macro-social structural power dynamics. Third, scientific habitus reveals mechanisms of stratification within the scientific field. It helps unpack scientists’ practical decisions surrounding research topics, ideas, and data. It also helps explain why and how certain scientific projects are preferred and others left undone. Scientific habitus, therefore, has the potential to contribute to a more encompassing explanation of the relationship between societal structures and the internal logic of the scientific field.
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Schaap, Julian, Jeroen van der Waal, and Willem de Koster. "Improving Empirical Scrutiny of the Habitus: A Plea for Incorporating Implicit Association Tests in Sociological Research." Sociology 53, no. 5 (May 8, 2019): 967–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038038519846417.
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Many studies invoke the concept of the Bourdieusian habitus to account for a plethora of stratified patterns uncovered by conventional social-scientific methods. However, as a stratum-specific, embodied and largely non-declarative set of dispositions, the role of the habitus in those stratified patterns is typically not adequately scrutinised empirically. Instead, the habitus is often attributed theoretically to an empirically established link between stratification indicators and an outcome of interest. In this research note, we argue that combining conventional methods in stratification research with latency-based measures such as the Implicit Association Test enables better measurement of the habitus. This sociological application of Implicit Association Tests enables researchers to: (1) identify empirically the existence of different habitus among different social strata; and (2) determine their role in the stratified patterns to which they have thus far been attributed theoretically.
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Kisel, Natalia K. "The Post-Academic Trend in the Evolution of Methodological Consciousness." Russian Journal of Philosophical Sciences 64, no. 5 (November 1, 2021): 128–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30727/0235-1188-2021-64-5-128-139.
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The development of science at all stages of its penetration into a technogenic society is accompanied by changes in methodological consciousness in its various incarnations. However, preferring to analyze the metamorphoses of science as special knowledge about the world, to examine the evolution of its methodological tools, forms of structural and functional organization of scientific and cognitive activity, at the same time, modern research practices leave aside the evolution of methodological consciousness as such. Although, according to the author, analysis of this phenomenon makes possible to define, if not a paradigmatic, then at least a syntagmatic approach to the study of modern post-academic science. The representation of methodological consciousness can be carried out in different versions. The article considers its evolution at various levels of functioning – individual and supra-individual, embodied in the methodological innovations of science itself as well as in the philosophical and methodological discourse interconnected with it. The assertion of unique forms of methodological consciousness at the supraindividual level, in particular, characterizes the development of modern social physics, which combines syntagmatics, inter- and transdisciplinarity as strategies of scientific search. The evolution of methodological consciousness at the individual level is inextricably linked with the renewal of the scientific habitus of individual scientists. In the context of the commercialization of post-academic science, destructive changes in the qualities of scientific creativity and scientific ethos undoubtedly affect the mental and cognitive components of the scientific habits of researchers. For the majority of the scientific community, the transformation of the scientific habitus proceeds spontaneously. Awareness of the uniqueness of post-academic science today occurs mainly within the framework of philosophical and methodological discourse. The result of this process is problematized by the author as a phenomenon of “post-academic philosophy of science,” characterized by a number of features of a substantive, methodological, and institutional nature. The question of its correlation with the traditional philosophy of science, on the one hand, and with disciplinary strategies in the study of science, on the other, opens up prospects for the emergence of new paradigms of modern philosophical and methodological discourse.
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Radogna, Rosa Maria. "The concept of habitus in migration studies. A systematic literature review." Sociologie Romaneasca 20, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 108–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33788//sr.20.1.5.
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The concept of habitus has been used to investigate a wide range of social phenomena. Pierre Bourdieu himself applied it to different fields, such as the analysis of taste and lifestyle (Bourdieu, 2000), gender relations (Bourdieu, 2001), the field of literature production (Bourdieu, 1996), the educational system and the reproduction of inequalities (Bourdieu, & Passeron, 1979), to mention a few. However, the concept of habitus has only recently been applied to investigate migration phenomena. This systematic literature review aims to investigate the use of the concept of habitus in migration theory through the analysis of 38 studies selected in two scientific databases. In the first part, after the presentation of the concept of habitus and the description of methodological selection procedure, I will make a short overview of the use of the aforementioned concept applied to migration phenomena, using the following criteria: the year of publication, national contexts, categories of migrants. Then, I will proceed to the analysis following the meta-ethnography methodology.
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Gensler, Marek. "“Habitus” or the possibility of science of the contingent." Hybris 31, no. 4 (December 30, 2015): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1689-4286.31.03.
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Most of sciences can be traced back to Aristotle. This is because in opposition to Plato he was able to find a way in which one could give a scientific form to reflection concerning contingent facts of every-day life. Knowledge of the contingent was made possible thanks to the Aristotelian concepts of category and state (habitus). It is the latter concept that was especially important for forming knowledge about change. Aristotle and his medieval followers apply it in analyses of various processes, from local motion to changes in temperaments, to formation of virtues.
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Moura, Daiana De Nez, Elcio Cecchetti, and Luci Teresinha Marchiori dos Santos Bernardi. "Contribuições do PIBIC/CNPq para a constituição do habitus de pesquisador (Contribution from PIBIC/CNPq for acquired the researcher habitus)." Revista Eletrônica de Educação 14 (June 25, 2020): 3257096. http://dx.doi.org/10.14244/198271993257.
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This study aproches Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação Científica (PIBIC) - Institutional Scientific Initiation Scholarship Program - which is based on the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq/Brazil) - National Council for Scientific and Technological Development. This study was developed at Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó (Unochapecó), this paper focused on analyzes if the PIBIC/CNPq influenced the scholarship students of IES to remain in the scientific field and incorporation of researcher habitus. For the data collection an electronic questionnaire was applied to the scholarship students from PIBIC/CNPq in the period from 2010 to 2015 which activities was concluded until 2017. The data treatment was performed based on the Content Analysis, anchored epistemologically in Pierre Bourdieu. The results showed that the scholarship students from PIBIC/CNPq acquired an amount of scientific knowledge that favored their access and remain in the scientific field. Thus, through the scientific activities throughout the length of the scholarship - participation and publication in events, follow-up of a teacher-counselor, receive assistance in the professional choice and also encouragement for the advancement in postgraduate level of studies – the scholarship students acquired the researcher habitus.ResumoEsse trabalho versa sobre o Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação Científica (PIBIC), mantido e fomentado pelo Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). O estudo foi desenvolvido na Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó (Unochapecó), com o objetivo de analisar se o PIBIC/CNPq influenciou os bolsistas egressos da IES a permanecerem no campo científico e a internalizarem um habitus de pesquisador. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de questionário eletrônico aos bolsistas ingressantes no PIBIC/CNPq no período de 2010 a 2015 e que finalizaram as atividades no Programa até 2017. O tratamento dos dados foi realizado com base na Análise de Conteúdo, ancorada epistemologicamente no pensamento de Pierre Bourdieu. Os resultados apontaram que os beneficiados do PIBIC/CNPq adquiriram um montante de capital científico que favoreceu a entrada e permanência no campo científico. Assim, através das atividades científicas desenvolvidas durante a vigência da bolsa - participação e publicação em eventos, acompanhamento de um professor-orientador, auxílio na escolha profissional e estímulo para continuação dos estudos em nível de pós-graduação – tais estudantes constituíram um habitus de pesquisador. ResumenEse trabajo trata del Programa Institucional de Becas de Iniciación Científica (PIBIC), mantenido y fomentado por el Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (CNPq/Brasil). El estudio fue desarrollado en la Universidad Comunitaria de la Región de Chapecó (Unochapecó), con el objetivo de analizar se el PIBIC/CNPq ha influenciado los becarios egresos de la dicha Universidad a permanecieren en el campo científico y a internalizaren un habitus de investigador. La cosecha de los datos fue realizada a través de un cuestionario electrónico a los becarios ingresantes en el PIBIC/CNPq en el periodo de 2010-2015 y que finalizaron sus actividades en el Programa hasta 2017. El tratamiento de los datos fu realizado con base en la Analice de Contenido, ancorada epistemológicamente en el pensamiento de Pierre Bourdieu. Los resultados apuntaron que los becarios del PIBIC/CNPq adquirieron un montante de capital científico que favoreció a la entrada y permanencia en el campo científico. Así, a través de las actividades científicas desarrolladas durante la vigencia de la beca – participación y publicación en eventos, acompañamiento de un profesor-director, auxilio en la elección profesional y estímulo para continuidad de los estudios en nivel de posgraduación – tales estudiantes internalizaron un habitus de investigador.Palavras-chave: PIBIC/CNPq, Iniciação científica, Campo científico, Habitus de pesquisador.Keywords: Scientific research, Scientific field, Researcher habitus.Palabras-clave: Iniciación científica, Campo científico, Habitus de investigador.ReferencesAGOPYAN, Vahan. Bolsas de pós-graduação para quê? Folha de SP, São Paulo, 18. set. 2019. Disponível em: https://folha.com/6mvyel2z. Acesso em 10 mai. 2020.AGUDO, M. M.; TOZONI-REIS, M. F.; TEIXEIRA, L. A. Reflexões sobre a educação no projeto de aprofundamento do neoliberalismo no Brasil. Revista Pedagógica, v. 20, n. 45, p. 182-206, set./dez 2018.ALMEIDA JUNIOR, A. et al. Parecer CFE nº 977/65, aprovado em 3 dez. 1965. Rev. Bras. Educ., n. 30, p. 162-173, dez. 2005.ANDRÉ, Marli. Pesquisa, formação e prática docente. In: ANDRÉ, Marli (org.) O papel da pesquisa na formação e na prática dos professores. 12 ed.; 5 reimp. Campinas, São Paulo: Papirus, 2015.BARDIN, Laurence. Análise de conteúdo. São Paulo: Edições 70-Brasil, 2011.BOURDIEU, Pierre. O campo científico. In: ORTIZ, Renato. (Org.). Pierre Bourdieu: sociologia. São Paulo: Ática, 1983. cap. 4, p. 122-155.BOURDIEU, Pierre. A economia das trocas simbólicas. São Paulo: Perspectiva, 1987.BOURDIEU, Pierre. O poder simbólico. 4. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Bertrand Brasil, 2001.BOURDIEU, Pierre. Algumas propriedades dos campos. In: BOURDIEU, Pierre. Questões de sociologia. Lisboa: Fim de Século, 2003, p. 119-126.BOURDIEU, Pierre. Coisas ditas. São Paulo: Brasiliense, 2004.BOURDIEU, Pierre. A dominação masculina. 11. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Bertrand Brasil, 2012.BOURDIEU, Pierre. Homo academicus. 2. ed. Florianópolis: UFSC, 2017.BRASIL. Lei nº 5.540, de 28 de novembro de 1968. Fixa normas de organização e funcionamento do ensino superior e sua articulação com a escola média, e dá outras providências. Disponível em: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/LEIS/L5540.htm. Acesso em 20 jan. 2019.BRASIL. Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações. Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico. RN-017/2006. Estabelece as normas gerais e específicas para as seguintes modalidades de bolsas por quota no país. Disponível em: http://cnpq.br/view/-/journal_content/56_INSTANCE_0oED/10157/100352. Acesso em 20 jan. 2018.CUNHA, Luiz Antônio. A universidade temporã: o ensino superior, da Colônia à Era Vargas. São Paulo: Editora UNESP, 2007.EL PAÍS. Cortes de verbas desmontam ciência brasileira e restringem pesquisa a mais ricos. São Paulo, 09 set. 2019. Disponível em: https://brasil.elpais.com/brasil/2019/09/03/politica/1567542296_718545.html. Acesso em 10 mai. 2020.FOLHA DE SP. Ciência sob ataque: a violência como forma de governo. São Paulo, 21 dez. 2019. Disponível em: https://facesdaviolencia.blogfolha.uol.com.br/?p=1232. Acesso em 10 mai. 2020.GARCIA, Maria Manuela Alves. O campo das produções simbólicas e o campo científico em Bourdieu. Cadernos de pesquisa, n. 97, p. 64-72, mai. 1996.JORNAL O GLOBO. CNPq reduz 87% da verba para equipamentos e materiais de pesquisa em 2020. Rio de Janeiro, 9 set. 2019. Disponível em: https://oglobo.globo.com/sociedade/educacao/cnpq-reduz-87-da-verba-para-equipamentos-materiais-de-pesquisa-em-2020-23927090. Acesso em 10 mai. 2020.LEBARON, Frédéric. Capital. In: CATANI, Afrânio Mendes et al. (Orgs.) Vocabulário Bourdieu. Belo Horizonte: Autêntica Editora, 2017LÜDKE, Menga. A complexa relação entre o professor e a pesquisa. In: ANDRÉ, Marli (Org.) O papel da pesquisa na formação e na prática dos professores. 12 ed. 5 reimp. Campinas, São Paulo: Papirus, 2015.MASSI, Luciana; QUEIROZ Salete Linhares. Pesquisas sobre iniciação científica no Brasil: características do seu desenvolvimento nas universidades e contribuições para os graduandos. Revista Brasileira de Iniciação Científica, v. 1, n. 1, p. 83-64, maio. 2014.MOURA, Daiana De Nez. Contribuições do PIBIC/CNPQ para a constituição do habitus de pesquisador. 2018. 70f. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Chapecó, 2018.OLIVEN, Arabela Campos. Histórico da educação superior no Brasil. In: SOARES, Maria Suzana Arrosa (Org.). A educação superior no Brasil. Brasília: CAPES, 2002. Disponível em: http://flacso.redelivre.org.br/files/2013/03/1109.pdf. Acesso em 20 jan. 2018.PEREIRA, Elaine Aparecida Teixeira. O conceito de campo de Pierre Bourdieu: possibilidade de análise para pesquisas em história da educação brasileira. Revista Linhas, v. 16, n. 32, p. 337-356, set./dez. 2015.PIRES, Regina Celi Machado. A formação inicial do professor pesquisador universitário no Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação Científica – PIBIC/CNPq e a prática profissional de seus egressos: um estudo de caso da Universidade do Estado da Bahia. 2008. 355f. Tese (Doutorado em Educação). Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul. 2008.QUEIROZ, Alessandra Santos. A formação acadêmica nos processos de iniciação científica: programa institucional de bolsas de iniciação científica – PIBIC/CNPq. 2016. 67f. Dissertação (Mestrado Acadêmico em Educação). Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina, campus de Joaçaba. 2016.SAMPAIO, Helena. Evolução do ensino superior brasileiro (1808-1990). Documento de Trabalho 8/91. Núcleo de Pesquisa sobre Ensino Superior da Universidade de São Paulo, 1991.SANTOS, Wildson Luiz Pereira dos. Educação científica na perspectiva de letramento como prática social: funções, princípios e desafios. Revista Brasileira de Educação, v. 12, n. 36, p. 474-550, set./dez. 2007.TROMBELLI, Renata Oliveira. PIBIC/CNPq no divã: um olhar para a efetividade do processo de iniciação científica na formação de pesquisadores em contabilidade. 2013. 135 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Contabilidade). Universidade Federal do Paraná. 2013.VALLE, Ione Ribeiro. Ler Homo Academicus. In: BOURDIEU, Pierre. Homo academicus. 2. ed. Florianópolis: UFSC, 2017.WACQUANT, Loïc. Habitus. In: CATANI, Afrânio Mendes et al. (Orgs.) Vocabulário Bourdieu. Belo Horizonte: Autêntica Editora, 2017.e3257096
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Karpov, Kirill V. "Epistemic Virtue of Wisdom and Evidentialism." Epistemology & Philosophy of Science 58, no. 4 (2021): 196–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/eps202158469.
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My primary concern in this article is the connection between virtue epistemology and evidentialism. This possible connection is analyzed upon, firstly, the example of the intellectual virtue of wisdom, and, secondly, the historical case – Thomas Aquinas’ approach to virtue of wisdom as an intellectual disposition (habitus). I argue that it is possible to offer such an interpretation of ‘intellectual virtue’ that aligns with the peripatetic tradition broadly understood (to which the epistemology of virtues ascends), and on the basis of which an evidentialist theory of justification is offered. In the first part of the paper, I briefly present the main interpretations of virtue epistemology and evidentialism in the light of externalism/internalism debate. In the second part I discuss Aquinas’ understanding of intellectual virtue as a disposition (habitus). The main concern here are virtues of theoretical habitus – wisdom and (scientific) knowledge. I show that habitus in this case is understood in two ways: as an ability, inherent to human beings, and as objective knowledge. Thus, there are two understandings of wisdom – as a virtue and knowledge (scientia). Finally, in the concluding parts of the paper, I outline possible ways of solving presented in the first part challenges to evidentialism and internalism.
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Souza, Maria Cristina Frères de, Maria Angélica de Almeida Peres, Gizele da Conceição Soares Martins, and Antonio José de Almeida Filho. "Update of the professional habitus from the nurses at the national cancer institute (1980-1990)." Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem 23, no. 3 (September 2014): 720–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-07072014001270013.
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Social historical study, whose goals are: to characterize the practice areas of nurses from the National Cancer Institute, where there was a need to incorporate new knowledge in oncology and discuss the symbolic gains for nurses. The primary sources were oral and written documents, analyzed according to Pierre Bourdieu's concepts of habitus and scientific capital. It was evident that, in the 1980s, the position of the Institute in the field of cancer care in Brazil, made the nurses acquire new knowledge in the areas of cancer surgery, clinical oncology and bone marrow transplantation. The nursing competences and procedures were reorganized and new patient care routines were structured. It is concluded that the strategies to occupy this space were developed through the sharing of scientific knowledge, with visibility of the scientific capital in the field of oncology and highly specialized care, getting national recognition.
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Bendix, Regina F. "Problems Don’t Care about Disciplinary Boundaries." Anthropological Journal of European Cultures 29, no. 2 (September 1, 2020): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ajec.2020.290207.
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Interdisciplinary collaboration is a sensible approach for addressing complex problems. However, academic training and the resulting disciplinary habitus (and competition) often leave such collaborative skills woefully underdeveloped. This contribution outlines how ethnographic sensibilities and skills may contribute to overcoming borders between disciplinary practitioners and enhancing self-awareness within and across scientific and scholarly practice. It thus proposes ethnographic attention as interdisciplinary midwifery.
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LOKTIONOV, VALERY M. "The type material of spider wasps (Hymenoptera, Pompilidae) deposited in the Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia." Zootaxa 5120, no. 2 (March 25, 2022): 151–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5120.2.1.
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The type material of spider wasps deposited in the Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia is catalogued. In total, this includes 305 primary type specimens (31 holotypes and 274 paratypes) belonging to 62 species and 1 subspecies, described between 1962 and 2019 from Russia, Tajikistan, China, South Korea, Japan, Laos, Indonesia, and Sri Lanka. All 31 holotypes are illustrated with color photographs and black-and-white drawings. Photographs of the habitus, head, hypopygium and genitalia of three holotypes and photographs of the habitus and head of 23 holotypes are presented for the first time. References to the original description, type localities, current status, and distribution of taxa are given. Data on the labels of holotypes and paratypes with clarifications and English translations are provided.
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Anip Dwi Saputro, Katni Dan. "THE ROLE OF HABITUS IN DEVELOPING INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL STUDENT AT MA'HAD ALY AL FURQON, PONOROGO." Muaddib : Studi Kependidikan dan Keislaman 7, no. 2 (December 28, 2017): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.24269/muaddib.v7i2.799.
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The institution always expects the output quality and personality, but if the surroundings of education never give appropriate habitus, then the result will not be achieved. On the basis of this research, trying to peel about the role of habitus in developing intellectual capital which is a student at Ma'had synergy between the structure with an agency, how an intellectual capital created and run in a Ma'had university. The question of the Islamic College during this time, when students are extremely variable input, its ability to be tough in the formation and determination of the standard of their abilities. The results of this study found that the role of habitus intellectual capital improvement done in Mahad Aly Al Furqon Ponorogo there are seven models of the structure that supports the students ' intellectual capital development in Ma'had Aly Al Furqon Ponorogo. As for overcoming the Burnout, the students do a variety of activities that make students fresh so avoid burnout. The results of the intellectual capital developed in the Mahad Aly Al Furqon students achieved the target of memorizing a set amount and the more intellectual growth of students marked with a creative, independent inquiries, in drawing up the scientific agenda, active removing the arguments in different ways.
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Ershova, Guzel N. "Schoolchildren’s Health Preservation Habitus: From the Family Model to the National One." REGIONOLOGY 29, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 886–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2413-1407.117.029.202104.886-901.
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Introduction. The family forms the habitus of the child's health-preserving behavior: the presence or absence of bad habits, involvement in sports, food preferences, and the attitude to disease prevention. The article, based on the conducted research, identifies the dependence of various parameters of the health of school-age children on the socio-biological well-being of the family, its lifestyle, life support conditions that contribute to the implementation of family health-preserving practices. Materials and Methods. The research materials used were the data from a survey conducted in 2019 by the Center for Family and Demography Center of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences among parents of students of lyceums, grammar schools, and general education schools, including those with in-depth study of specific subjects (city of Kazan, Arsk and Chistopol municipal districts of the Republic of Tatarstan). The total population of parents of students was 433,706 people, the selection was 325 people. The value, social activity, and generation approaches within the sociological discourse on health issues are aimed at identifying the social determinants of various parameters of adolescent health and their health preservation habitus. Results. The study has identified a number of factors that determine the lifestyle of modern schoolchildren and have a negative impact on their health in the context of significant academic loads, intensification of the educational process, and involvement in intense extra-curricular activities: non-compliance with age regulations of the daily routine; low motor activity; unsatisfactory organization and deterioration of the quality of nutrition in the family; habitus of parents’ behavior, not focused on health preservation. Discussion and Conclusion. The conducted research provides scientific substantiation of and emphasizes the need for measures aimed at increasing physical activity and healthy nutrition of both younger and older schoolchildren in the context of the demographic crisis. Practical application of the conclusions drawn in this study involves formulation of proposals for improving the effectiveness of managerial decisions taken by ministries and departments of the Republic of Tatarstan.
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Maslanov, Evgeny. "Universities as Social Background in “Trading Zone” Creation." Philosophy of the Social Sciences 49, no. 6 (July 25, 2019): 493–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0048393119863380.
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The article analyzes the conception of a trading zone as a space of action and belief coordination. P. Galison proposed the conception based on anthropological and linguistic analogies. The article reviews the anthropological analogies aimed at building up the conception and the legitimacy of their use. The conclusion is that the analogies used are not accurate enough. If the tribes interacting in trading zones have a common history, material culture, and practices, they can hardly have significant differences. If they are not in possession of all these characteristics, they are unlikely to remind us of different groups of scientists who participate in common researches. The article also contains the hypothesis that acceptance of a common habitus is a condition subject to which the scientists can arrange the mutual understanding space. It issues new challenges to the scientific community, as all people related to university education also accept the scientists’ habitus.
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Jeon, June. "Invisibilizing politics: Accepting and legitimating ignorance in environmental sciences." Social Studies of Science 49, no. 6 (September 9, 2019): 839–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306312719872823.
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Although sociologists have explored how political and economic factors influence the formation of ignorance in science and technology, we know little about how scientists comply with external controls by abandoning their prior research and leaving scientific innovations incomplete. Most research in science and technology studies (STS) on ignorance has relied on structural and historical analyses, lacking in situ studies in scientific laboratories. Drawing on ethnographic research, this article examines the habitus of ignorance as a mechanism of the social production of ignorance. Scientists have a set of dispositions that establish practical contexts enabling them to ignore particular scientific content. Leaders of the organization repeatedly legitimate the abandonment of unfinished projects, while ordinary laboratory scientists internalize the normalized view that the scientific field is inherently opportunistic and that unfunded research should be left undone. A cycle of legitimation and acceptance of ignorance by actors at distinctive positions within the organization provides a mechanism of social control of scientific knowledge. As the mechanism is habitually self-governed by the rules of the game of current scientific institutions, the result is an indirect, although deeply subjugating, invisible and consolidating form of political and economic domination of the scientific field.
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Ferreira, Leila da Costa, Sônia Regina Cal Seixas Barbosa, João Luiz de Moraes Hoefel, Roberto Guimarães, Dimas Floriani, and Sergio B. F. Tavolaro. "Environmental issues, interdisciplinarity, social theory and intellectual production in Latin America." Ambiente & Sociedade 9, no. 2 (December 2006): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1414-753x2006000200001.
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While dealing with both interdisciplinarity and environment and society area as fields that harbor scientific contentions regarding ideas, practices, institutions and habitus (Bourdieu), this paper aims at providing an account of the multifaceted processes implied in the institutionalization of environmental concerns in Latin-American academia and research centers. The paper discusses the extent to which one can legitimately talk about "a Latin- American scientific specificity", supposedly resulting from peculiar theoretical approaches or even from particular socio-environmental features (such as widespread poverty and high rates of social inequality, along with unparalleled levels of biodiversity). Last but not least, the paper seeks to draw a sort of thematic map (via bibliographical review) as well as a consideration of the levels of scientific institutionalization of environmental issues in six different research centers located in Argentina, Chile, Mexico, Uruguay and Brazil.
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Sidorowicz, Piotr. "W awangardzie humanistyki materialistycznej. Spory teoretyczno-ideologiczne Stefana Żółkiewskiego w „Kuźnicy”." Białostockie Studia Literaturoznawcze, no. 19 (2021): 171–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/bsl.2021.19.09.
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The paper discusses the development of Stefan Żółkiewski’s theoretical and ideological position in the second half of the 1940s, analyzing his most important publications in “Kuźnica”. The author attempts to define the components of Żółkiewski’s theoretical habitus in relation to specific trends in contemporary humanities, such as phenomenology, formalism, neo-positivism, idealism or neotomism. In this way, the paper identifies the basic components of Żółkiewski’s scientific worldview (or, to use Henryk Markiewicz’s term “ideogems”), which in the Polish humanities of that time correspond to Marxism.
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Pecenjin, Konstantinovic. "Genetic idealism and structure of society." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 143 (2013): 251–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1343251p.
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The article introduces the reader to the problem of relations between scientific theory and idea. Out of these relations genetic idealism is born. The genetic idealism distorts reality, but it allows the researcher to make complete theory. The genetic idealism of the society researchers is described in this work. It is shown how the partial neutralization of idealism allows us to study the genetic structure of society through the structure of the habitus. The society structure is presented as the sum of the links between social institutions.
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SCHEUER, JANN. "Habitus as the principle for social practice: A proposal for critical discourse analysis." Language in Society 32, no. 2 (February 25, 2003): 143–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404503322018.
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Critical discourse analysts are often criticized for interpreting linguistic data in political contexts, placing the data in an artificial environment motivated by political agendas rather than scientific inquiry, and thereby disregarding findings that would follow from a data-internal and more empirically grounded analysis. This article argues that critical discourse analysis may gain proficiency for social analysis by adopting concepts suitable for cultural and historical analysis of socialization, as found in Bourdieu. Application is demonstrated in a study of a job interview, with close linguistic analysis; close attention is given to the applicant by drawing on evaluations after the interview and on a retrospective interview with the applicant. It is proposed that a method combining linguistic and socio-historical analysis may offer advantages to critical discourse analysis, including a more systematic approach to text-external contexts and qualified, balanced perception of the social agent as a creative yet socially determined individual.
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Møller Hartley, Jannie. "When Homo Academicus meets Homo Journalisticus: An inter-field study of collaboration and conflict in the communication of scientific research." Journalism 18, no. 2 (July 8, 2016): 211–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464884915608817.
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The longstanding tension between journalists and academics is explored by analysing data from qualitative interviews with 25 journalists and scientists using an analytical framework derived from Bourdieu’s field theory. The article empirically shows how journalism and science are both constructed around the opposition between knowledge (content) and communication (form). Based on the analysis of narratives in the communication processes between the two fields, the article shows that scientists and journalists take different positions according to the existing ideals within their respective fields, revealing different science-communication habitus. The article presents a typology of proximity and distance, in which communication between the fields becomes easier or more difficult as both fields try to protect their historic professional identities.
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Singh, Sourabh. "Science, Common Sense and Sociological Analysis: A Critical Appreciation of the Epistemological Foundation of Field Theory." Philosophy of the Social Sciences 49, no. 2 (January 4, 2019): 87–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0048393118819823.
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Field theory is often criticized because sociologists applying it fail to follow two seminal rules: the three key concepts of field theory—capital, habitus, and field structure—must be (1) implemented in relation to each other and (2) reconstructed for the historically specific moment of their application. I claim that Bourdieu developed his conceptual tools in response to Bachelard’s insight that scientific progress requires a break from common sense. Once we appreciate the epistemological foundation of field theory concepts, we can better appreciate the rules for their application, avoid their typical criticism, and further improve them.
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Fu’adi, Imam, and Ngainun Naim. "WHITHER ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION?" Epistemé: Jurnal Pengembangan Ilmu Keislaman 16, no. 01 (October 5, 2022): 83–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.21274/epis.2021.16.01.83-103.
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Traditionally dated from the 8th to the 14th century, historians generally agree on the period of the golden age of Islamic civilization. They count that the keys to this civilizational achievement laid on the flourishing educational institutions, scientific findings, and the births of influential Muslim scholars. This article tries to reframe the significance of education in the creation of Islamic golden age and offer a brief reminder to the importance of education for contemporary Muslim societies. It is a bibliographical study for the materials for the discussion are taken from books, journal articles, and other written sources related to the topic. The collected data were then analyzed by content analysis. This article argues that the state policies on education is the key for the past Muslim golden age. Scientific culture ranging from namely research tradition, translation tradition, reading tradition to scientific habitus are essential in the making of Muslim golden age. This historical records reserves as a reminder for contemporary Muslim to reestablish the past golden age that lies on the reformation of educational system.
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Rico Rios, Brenda Vivian. "El habitus que conformó a Bourdieu: entre capitales y campos de poder / The habitus that formed Bourdieu: between capitals and fields of power." Religación. Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades 5, no. 25 (September 30, 2020): 146–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.46652/rgn.v5i25.684.
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Pierre Bourdieu constantemente señaló que el mundo social es historia acumulada. Por tanto, a partir de esa historia encarnada los agentes se posicionan dentro de un mundo social establecido previamente a su propia existencia. El presente artículo pretende poner en marcha las ideas de Bourdieu a partir de un socio análisis en los puntos nodales de su vida, aquellos que definieron su pensamiento y su mirada al mundo: por un lado las coyunturas políticas y sociales de su contexto social, el Mayo Francés y la Independencia de Argelia; por otro lado, su vida personal, siendo oriundo de una ciudad al norte de Francia, se confrontó a distintos campos sociales al estudiar el liceo en Paris, motivo que lo hace reflexionar sobre el papel de los capitales económicos y culturales dentro de campos sociales. La epistemología de su pensamiento sirve de referencia para la comprensión de los conceptos centrales que formula: el habitus, los campos y los capitales. Para el científico social, el socioanálisis como método, puede servir para transformar problemas de la propia existencia en problemas científicos, generando de esta manera una propia sociología. Pierre Bourdieu constantly pointed out that the social world is accumulated history. Therefore, from that accumulated history we position ourselves within a social world established prior to our own existence. This article aims to launch Bourdieu’s ideas from a socio-analysis at the nodal points of his life, those that defined his thinking and his outlook on the world: on the one hand, the political and social conjunctures of his social context, the May 68 and the Independence of Algeria; On the other hand, his personal life, being a native of a city in the north of France, he confronted different fieldworks when he studied at the Lyceum in Paris, which makes him reflect on the role of economic capital and cultural capital within social fields. The epistemology of his critical thinking serves as a reference for understanding his central concepts: habitus, fields and capitals. For the social scientist, socio-analysis can be used to transform common problems into scientific problems, thus generating an own sociology.
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Lahire, Bernard. "De la teoría del habitus a una sociología psicológica." CPU-e, Revista de Investigación Educativa, no. 14 (October 30, 2012): 75–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.25009/cpue.v0i14.30.
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En este texto, Bernard Lahire desarrolla las bases de un programa de sociología psicológica, y en el camino, deja ver por qué no sólo es deseable sino necesaria la interacción de disciplinas como la sociología, la antropología y la psicología. Por ejemplo, expone que el concepto bourdiano de habitus tiene su origen en el concepto piagetiano de esquema de acción, con lo que se muestra que, reconociéndolo o no, existe de hecho una fuerte interacción entre disciplinas. Además, este texto permite refrescar las reflexiones acerca de la cultura, las identidades, la socialización y las mentes de los individuos que al final son las que in-corporan, asimilándolos y organizándolos, los patrones socio-culturales de comportamiento que entran en conflicto o en competencia con otros. Lahire nos brinda así una sugestiva imagen del hombre, siempre plural e imposible de aprehender por estereotipos reductivos y estériles.Re-tradujimos este texto apoyándonos en uno de sus traductores y en un grupo de personas entusiastas por la traducción, convirtiendo así el trabajo en un ejercicio intelectual enriquecedor y formativo para todos los participantes del Seminario (y ahora Experiencia Electiva en la UV, denominada La traducción de textos científicos y literarios del francés al español y su didáctica).AbstractIn this text, Bernard Lahire develops the foundations for a psychological sociology research program. He brings to light why an interaction within such disciplines as sociology, anthropology, and psychology is not only desirable but necessary. For example, he elaborates on Bourdieu’s concept of habitus, which emerges from Piaget’s concept of action schemes, a theory that proves, whether we recognize it or not, that there is in fact a strong interaction within disciplines. Furthermore, this text allows the renewal of discussions about culture, identity, socialization and the minds of the individuals. In the end, these discussions are the ones that incorporate, by assimilating and organizing, the socio-cultural behaviour patterns which come into conflict or competition with others. This way, Lahire provides a suggestive image of the man always as plural and impossible to compare to sterile and reductive stereotypes.We have translated this text thanks to the support of previously published translation and a group of enthusiastic people, turning this work into a formative and enriching intellectual exercise for all the participants in the Seminar (now a Learning Module in the University of Veracruz called Translation of Scientific and Literary Texts from French to Spanish and its Didactics).Recibido: 3 de agosto de 2011 Aceptado: 31 de agosto de 2011
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Erasmus, Jan Pelle. "De Nederlanse casus: Een politiek gevecht om de grondwetsherziening." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 2, no. 2 (July 10, 2017): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/1999/v2i2a2894.
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The political struggle leading up to the Dutch Constitution of 19831 is an empirical theoretical relevant case. A particular theoretical point of view (called the theoretical perspective of scientific legal intervention) appears to be important with respect to knowledge about contitution building. A preponderating identical habitus of constitutional law intervention was characteristic for all political actors involved on the Dutch national level. In revising the Dutch Constitution of 1983 these actors have been influenced by the international context. However, 'the' international context does not exist. Instead there have been four international politically relevant contexts in the case of the Netherlands between 1945 and 1983. These contexts provoked national political issues and could have a strong political impact.
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Novalia, Novalia, Budi Afriyansyah, and Lina Juairiah. "PEMANFAATAN TANAMAN OBAT OLEH SUKU JERIENG DI KABUPATEN BANGKA BARAT." EKOTONIA: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi, Botani, Zoologi dan Mikrobiologi 3, no. 2 (January 18, 2019): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/ekotonia.v3i2.761.
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Indonesia has been know as own high diversity of flora and fauna. In addition, Indonesia has been know high diversity of ethnics which has various distinctive traditions, including local knowledge. One of the local knowledge on using of traditional medicinal plants. The utilization of plants as medicinal plants has never been reported yet because of the changes of era, the local wisdom knowledge especially for medicinal plants has faded away. The purpose of this research is to determine the local knowledge of Jerieng ethnic in utilizing the plant include the parts of the plant, the processing, and the benefit as medicinal plants), collecting data of the medicinal plants diversity (species numbers, scientific name, local name, familes, habitat and habitus). The method of this research was used the qualitative and descriptive analysis. Data was collected from survey and interview in the Jerieng ethnic using snowball sampling. The result of research show there are 82 plants species 52 families, 16 informans, and 45 species disease. The most dominant families of medicinal plants is Zingiberaceae with 7 kinds and graminae//poaceae with 6 kinds. The most frequent used part of the plants by Jerieng ethnic are the leaf 46%, trunk habitus species 35% and the higher habitat is at plants garden house 52%. Meanwhile for the most used processing is by boiling the medicinal plants.
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Poviliūnas, Arūnas, Antanas Voznikaitis, Lina Mačiulė, Monika Juknienė, Elena Sinkevičiūtė, and Rima Žilinskaitė. "On the Attempt to Unlock the Black Boxes of Science (2)." Sociologija. Mintis ir veiksmas 43, no. 2 (December 20, 2018): 7–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/socmintvei.2018.2.1.
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This article further develops the ideas expressed in our previous publication – On the Attempt to Unlock the Black Boxes of Science (1) – and presents a sociological experiment that aims to break the conventional routine of the research activities of both sociology and life sciences. The article consists of two parts. The first part discusses the concept of “the new scientific spirit,” elaborated by French scientist and philosopher G. Bachelard, and introduces H. White’s theory of tropes, which provides a novel interpretative framework for “the new scientific spirit.” The second part of this article describes a didactic experiment comprised of two discussion groups with PhD students working in the field of life sciences. The first discussion group attempted to realize the principles of the sociology of the social, whereas the second one attempted to break the limits of the sociology of the social and to induce an epistemological rupture in order to realize the principles of the sociology of translation in the second discussion. This article also includes the authors’ reflections regarding the formation of their own sociological habitus.
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Civinskas, Remigijus. "Amid the Changing Landscape of City, Class and Imperial Russian Policy: The Habitus of the Kaunas Urban Elite and Their Symbolic Representation in the Early 19th Century." Lithuanian Historical Studies 22, no. 1 (January 28, 2018): 51–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/25386565-02201004.
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Changing 19th-century socio-economic identities have been a major topic of debate among European historians. Obviously, there are disagreements over the scientific analysis and objectivity of identities research in Lithuanian and Western historical narratives. This is especially relevant when discussing the specific characteristics of urban society. In this article, the author analyses the social identities of the Kaunas burgher elite, and the factors which affected the group in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. The theoretical approach of the sociologist Pierre Bourdieu is used to describe the phenomenon. The habitus concept is used to analyse the facts, as it helps to reveal representations of the identification of elites with the city and estate structures (the early Kaunas urban tradition and the new Imperial Russian classes).
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Elmore, Matthew. "The Tacit Dimension of Thomas Aquinas, or Scientia with Michael Polanyi." Tradition and Discovery: The Polanyi Society Periodical 48, no. 3 (2022): 4–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/traddisc202248316.
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This article explores the common holdings of Thomas Aquinas and Michael Polanyi. More specifically, it suggests that Polanyi’s post-critical philosophy retrieves multiple aspects of the pre-Copernican rationality of Aquinas. First of all, both believe that the faculty of reason is never impartial; it is always committed, driven by the intellect’s appetite for satisfaction. Second, scientific knowledge requires habituation or know-how, which indicates that truth is not rational apart from bodily habitus. Third, reason operates only in a social body, and fourth, science can proceed only by faith in the authority of others. Along these lines, Polanyi relocates the modern scientist in something like a medieval body. Thus, some of Polanyi’s most important ideas are incidental recoveries of the paradigm Aquinas represents.
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Naqvi, Fatima. "Ephemeral Spaces and Pneumatic Architecture: The Films of Nikolaus Geyrhalter." New German Critique 46, no. 3 (November 1, 2019): 125–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/0094033x-7727455.
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Abstract The Austrian director Nikolaus Geyrhalter’s films consistently thematize linear perspective as a mode of thought. His documentaries use one-point perspective to draw attention to a scientific habitus, with its studied neutrality and foregrounded objectivity. His “partitive images” home in on the fleeting relation of part to whole, revealing the difficulty of understanding large concepts such as the West or the human species through such supposedly objective images. This article also discusses the connection between Geyrhalter’s photographic mode and sophisticated technological processes. It looks at architecture as an organizing element in relation to Bernd Becher and Hilla Becher’s nomadic typologies and the pneumatic architecture of the 1960s and 1970s, with special attention to the films Unser täglich Brot (Our Daily Bread, 2005), Abendland (Occident, 2011), and Homo Sapiens (2016).
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Moulin, Nicolas. "A cryptic new species of Chlidonoptera Karsch, 1892 from the south west protected zone of the Central African Republic (Insecta, Mantodea, Hymenopodidae)." ZooKeys 917 (March 9, 2020): 63–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.917.39270.
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Between 1998 and 2012, several scientific expeditions in Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve and Dzanga-Ndoki National Park led to the collection of many Mantodea specimens from Central African Republic (CAR). Among these specimens, several males of an undescribed species were discovered. Morphologically, this species most closely resembles to Chlidonoptera vexillum Karsch, 1892 and Chlidonoptera lestoni Roy, 1975. A new lineage was revealed by DNA barcoding. Therefore, a new species is described, Chlidonoptera roxanaesp. nov. Habitus images, genitalia illustrations and descriptions, measurement data, a key to species, natural history information, and locality data are provided. These results add to the evidence that cryptic species can be found in tropical regions, a critical issue in efforts to document global species richness. They also illustrate the value of DNA barcoding, especially when coupled with traditional taxonomic tools, in disclosing hidden diversity.
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Hott, Júlio Lopes. "UMA PROPOSTA PARA O SISTEMA POLICIAL." Revista de Doutrina Jurídica 108, no. 1 (April 10, 2017): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22477/rdj.v108i1.52.
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ResumoUma proposta para o sistema policial O objetivo deste artigo é demonstrar que o atual sistema policial de segurança pública não tem alcançado os resultados almejados no combate à criminalidade e muitas vezes tem funcionado com elemento indutor de violência. A metodologia usada foi uma revisão da literatura jurídica e policial acerca da cultura, do habitus e do campo policial, bem como das formas de controle da atividade (accountability). Usou-se também uma pesquisa empírica na base de dados da polícia e do Ministério Público corroborados com dados estatísticos constantes em pesquisas científicas das universidades do Rio de Janeiro e de São Paulo. O estudo foi construído dentro de um referencial de criminologia crítica e de conceitos de campo e de paradigma. Concluiu-se pela necessidade de substituição do atual sistema policial concentrado na União e nos Estados e ofereceu-se como hipótese um modelo municipalizado. AbstractThe objective of this research is to see how that the current public security police system has not achieved the desired results in combating crime and has often worked with inducing the violence. The methodology used was a review of the low literature about the culture, habitus and police field , as well as the ways to control the activity ( accountability ). Also used to empirical research on police and District Attorney and brought into play statistical data contained in scientific research of University of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. The study was constructed within a theoretical framework of critical criminology and field concepts and paradigm. It was concluded by the need to replace the current police system concentrated in the Union and the States and offered as a hypothesis a municipal model
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Tabunan, Mark Louie. "From local space to global spectacle: World Heritage and space utilization in Calle Crisologo, Vigan City, Philippines." Journal of Urban Cultural Studies 6, no. 2 (September 1, 2019): 129–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jucs_00007_1.
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Abstract World Heritage, a project of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) that aims to protect and preserve tangible and intangible inheritances of mankind, enables the construction of 'distributed, "polycentric" networked economy of cultural production and exchange'. This article focuses on Calle Crisologo in northern Philippines, analysing the ways in which it has been creatively produced as World Heritage Site from postcolonial Vigan's built space. Building on Pierre Bourdieu's concepts of habitus, field, and capital and reading ordinances and an architect's plans, I argue that the World Heritage project reconfigures the once local space into a global spectacle. While World Heritage is a western construct and a result of the experience of late modernity, how it is manifested in Calle Crisologo also shows how vernacular modernity developed in Vigan as a colonial city. With the syncretic mixing of cultures in everyday Calle Crisologo as a resource, western modernity, supposed to be unitary and linear in its aims of progress and development, gets deflected.
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XU, YE, YURU WANG, CHRISTOPHER H. DIETRICH, MURRAY J. FLETCHER, and DAOZHENG QIN. "Review of Chinese species of the leafhopper genus Amrasca Ghauri (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae), with description of a new species, species checklist and notes on the identity of the Indian cotton leafhopper." Zootaxa 4353, no. 2 (November 23, 2017): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4353.2.7.
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The leafhopper genus Amrasca Ghauri from China is reviewed. Six species are included, of which three are reported for the first time from China. A new species, A. (Amrasca) complana Qin, Wang & Xu, sp. nov. is described based on specimens from south China. A complete checklist of the genus and an identification key to species in the Chinese fauna are provided. Jacobiasca curvata (Ahmed & Samad) comb. nov. is removed from Amrasca and A. (A.) singularis Einyu & Ahmed is treated as a species incertae sedis. Habitus photos of all Chinese Amrasca species and illustrations of male genitalia of the new species are also given. The male holotype specimen of Chlorita bimaculata Matsumura is here designated as the neotype of Empoasca biguttula Ishida to fix the identity of this economically important species and Sundapteryx Dworakowska is reinstated from synonymy as a subgenus of Amrasca. Thus, the correct scientific name of the Indian cotton leafhopper is Amrasca (Sundapteryx) biguttula (Ishida).
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Muñoz, Jorge Andrés Jimenez, and Fernanda Rossi. "Life stories of physical education teachers in Brazil and Colombia: a configurational analysis." Revista Tempos e Espaços em Educação 15, no. 34 (December 14, 2022): e17990. http://dx.doi.org/10.20952/revtee.v15i34.17990.
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The objective is to analyze the life stories of Physical Education teachers in Brazil and Colombia. Based on the methodology of life history and configurational sociology, two retired professors from each country were interviewed. A narrative text was produced that presented the intertwined lives, and many of the narrated experiences originated in confrontations and material and symbolic struggles that constituted social habitus in the face of professional development in schools, colleges and groups. Among the converging aspects between the countries, the unbalance in the “me – us” scale stands out, leaning towards a “we”, confirming for teachers the importance of leadership of different groups and collectives. As divergent aspects, there is, for one country, a socio-professional character of those groups and, for another, the existence of these groups in conjunction with an academic-scientific configuration of the area. It is concluded that configurational approaches to life stories make it possible to understand the multiple interdependencies that configure being a teacher.
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Farawn, K. K., V. I. Leunov, T. A. Tereshonkova, A. H. Salman, M. N. M. Al-Rukabi, and F. Shaaban. "Evaluate of tomato growing in the conditions of subirrigation aeroponics at Fitopiramida greenhouse." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1010, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1010/1/012034.
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Abstract Aeroponics and hydroponics technologies are one of the most advanced today. The aim of this work is to select and assess the assortment of determinant tomatoes for suitability for cultivation under the conditions of this technology. The study was conducted on the crop of two specific hybrids of different foliar dressings, as well as the assessment of the level of interaction «variety-option of feeding» based on the statistical analysis of the results. The article discusses the features of two methods of the aeroponics and Fitopyramida soilless technology in the context of solving the problems of resource and energy conservation in the production of vegetables. It is applied in agriculture to plan the several activities and missions properly by utilizing limited resources with minor human interference. The aim of this work is to evaluate the effectiveness of non-root top dressing and to identify the optimal habitus and other characteristics of the determinant tomato hybrid for the “Fitopiramida” technology. A greenhouse research project was conducted at All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Vegetable Growing - a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Center of Vegetable Growing” (VNIIO - a branch of FGBNU FNTSO). This study was revealed that 2 foliar dressing at a dose (N: P: K 10:54:10) 2.5 g/l + Maxifol 2g/l ) have a significant impact on productivity and yield determinant hybrids of tomato Flame F1 and Rosana F1, providing yield increase in comparison with the control by 7.87 kg/m2 and 2.52 kg/m2, respectively. Among the investigated options for the use of mineral fertilizers, the most maximum and reliable results were obtained in the 3NPK option; on the basis of statistical processing, the optimal variant of the interaction «variety-level of mineral nutrition» was established - hybrid F1 Rozanna against the background of 3NPK.
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Nosenko, Silvester. "Theoretical and Methodological Aspects of Security Diplomacy." Diplomatic Ukraine, no. XXIII (2022): 378–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.37837/2707-7683-2022-24.
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The article deals with diplomacy as an object of scientific research and the fundamental institution of daily international life, as opposed to other institutions, such as war. The author proceeds from the assumption that diplomacy is often neglected in international studies and is considered methodologically redundant. Therefore, the article examines approaches to diplomacy and security currently used in scientific circulation and proposes ways of combining and further refining them in order to enhance their explanatory potential and rectify numerous theoretical and methodological shortcomings in traditional paradigms of international relations theory, to wit: an excessively generalised division of international actors into ‘security seekers’ and ‘greedy states’ as well as ‘revisionist states’ and ‘power-seekers,’ which lacks detail and fails to provide a complete understanding of a certain state’s strategy; a noticeable focus on the role of great powers; a superficial perception of the significance of ideas, values and identities. With this in mind, the author analyses scientific publications of scholars representing the English school of international relations (Martin Wight, Hedley Bull, Barry Buzan, etc.) and praxeology, also known as the theory of social practices, introduced into academic parlance by Pierre Bourdieu. The article concludes that utilising innovative findings of praxeology with the ontology of the English school results in creating a new view on diplomacy, trespassing the confines of classical rationality and overcoming causal determinism inherent in the English school. Drawing upon the concepts used in Pierre Bourdieu’s theory (habitus, doxa, field, hysteresis), the author infers that both Ukraine and russia do not recognise the doxa of the European security order, thus finding themselves in the state of hysteresis. The conclusion therefore has practical significance for further research into the russian-Ukrainian war and its security implications. Keywords: diplomacy, security, English school, praxeology, practices.
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Jovanovic, Milos. "Bourdieu’s theory and the social constructivism of Berger and Luckmann." Filozofija i drustvo 32, no. 4 (2021): 518–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid2104518j.
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The paper compares Pierre Bourdieu?s sociological approach with the one developed by Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann. The aim of the paper is to identify the complementarities and incongruences of these approaches. The main similarity consists in the intention to ?dialectically? overcome/bridge the gap between ?objectivism? and ?subjectivism? in social theory. Another parallel includes a negative attitude towards the relativistic tendencies of postmodernism. These authors share the thematization of: the body as a locus of social influences, the centrality of language in social life, the social functions of knowledge, and the importance of power in social relations. Differences in theorizing are attributed to the different intellectual, theoretical, and socio-cultural contexts in which these scientists operated. The divergences of these theoretical approaches become evident when one examines the different meaning and significance attached to the concepts of individuation, structure, action, habitus and habitualization, structure of relevance and relation of common-sense and scientific knowledge. Finally, there is a visible difference in political views: Bourdieu was a critic ?from the left,? while Berger and Luckmann were self-proclaimed liberal conservatives.
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Zougris, Konstantinos. "Communities of Scholars: A Conceptual Scheme of Knowledge Production." Societies 8, no. 4 (November 27, 2018): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc8040118.
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This conceptual paper provides a meta-theoretical synthesis describing knowledge production processes in the sociological discipline. The first part of this paper gives an overview of recent studies exploring the sociological knowledge space with an emphasis on the epistemological tension, and the structural divides induced by social conditions that contribute to the process of knowledge production. A meta-theoretical synthesis -constituted by the institutional theory framework, combined with the field theory and the theory of communities of practice- aims to identify the structural arrangements, the cultural domains and the interactive processes that establish intellectual consensus, from which, validated forms of scientific knowledge are generated. I detect an intrinsic mechanism of different camps of communities of scholars accumulating intellectual capital through a process of participation, negotiation, and reification, which is based on a knowledge circuit among academic fields and the intellectual habitus that form a holistic institution of knowledge generation practices. Finally, I suggest that further research in the direction of detecting the institutional arrangements of knowledge exchange, with an emphasis on the epistemological preferences across countries, should be carried out.
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Baldassar, Loretta. "Marias and marriage: ethnicity, gender and sexuality among Italo-Australian youth in Perth1." Journal of Sociology 35, no. 1 (March 1999): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/144078339903500101.
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Using an ethnographic account of weddings and network activities among Italo-Australian youth in Perth, and, in particular, a symbolic analysis of garters and bouquets, this paper explores the intersections of ethnicity, gender and sexuality, and reviews social scientific theories of ethnic identity and cultural transmission. By investigating the double standard-where men are free to be sexually active and women are not-it confronts some of the stereotypes about 'second generation Australians' and 'culture clash', female oppression and the control of sexuality. Of particular concern is the way that some Italo-Australian women perceive sexual freedom in Australian society. The paper argues that the moral community represented by the youth network and, in particular, the challenges posed by it to the traditional model of female honour, allow for significant generational changes in the construction of ethnic identity. By analysing how identities are constructed and articulated across difference, and how 'this kind of relativising' is 'embodied in the habitus [cf. Bourdieu 1977] of the second generation' (Bottomley 1992a: 132), the paper explodes homogeneous conceptions of what is Italian, and ltalo-Australian culture.
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Gomes, Catarina. "A construção dos campos científico, universitário e seus reflexos na produção do Homo Academicus de Pierre Bourdieu / The construction of the scientific university fields and its reflexes in the production of Pierre Bourdieu's Homo Aca-demicus." Religación. Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades 5, no. 25 (September 30, 2020): 28–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.46652/rgn.v5i25.675.
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Neste estudo estabelece-se como objetivo esclarecer como as noções de campo, habitus e capital participam da estrutura dos campos científico e universitário. A questão discutida incide sobre o modo como Pierre Bourdieu, não apenas realiza um exercício que consistiria em aplicar tais noções conceituais ao âmbito prático da produção científica e da vida acadêmica, assim como, elabora uma epistemologia que explora o sentido e os impactos sociais dos paradigmas de funcionamento desses espaços sociais. Não se pode esquecer que o autor elabora sua teoria como quem também participa desses espaços, como quem conhece o jogo e as lutas concorrenciais. A questão que intriga Bourdieu, e que o conduz em todo o seu esforço teórico para evidenciar a estrutura estruturante que incide sobre os agentes dos campos é: quem seria o homo academicus? Aquele que gosta do acabado! Essa resposta, porém, embute novas interrogações, todas elas implicadas no entendimento do funcionamento do campo. Esse homo academicus seria afetado pelas condições de possibilidade de seu pertencimento ao campo científico e ao campo universitário e estaria envolto a inúmeros conflitos, à illusio, isto é, as posições que ocupa não são uma garantia de pertença, vai depender de sua destreza no jogo, do lugar, ou de que lado do grupo se encontra. Constitui-se, então, em objeto de análise bourdieusiana sobre a estruturação dos espaços sociais a partir de sua dimensão política, e o homem que se constrói nesse processo dinâmico. The objective of this study is to clarify how the notions of field, habitus and capital participate in the structure of the scientific and university fields. The question discussed focuses on how Pierre Bourdieu not only carries out an exercise that would consist of applying such conceptual notions to the practical scope of scientific production and academic life, but also elaborates an epistemology that explores the meaning and social impacts of paradigms functioning of these social spaces. It cannot be forgotten that the author elaborates his theory as one who also participates in these spaces, as one who knows the game and the competitive struggles. The question that intrigues Bourdieu, and that leads him in all his theoretical effort to highlight the structuring structure that affects the agents of the fields is: who would be the homo academicus? One who likes the finished! This answer, however, embodies new questions, all of which are implicated in the understanding of how the field works. This homo academicus would be affected by the conditions of possibility of his belonging to the scientific field and the university field and would be involved in countless conflicts, illusio, that is, the positions he occupies are not a guarantee of belonging, it will depend on his skill in the game , the place, or the group side is. It is, therefore, an object of Bourdieusian analysis on the structuring of social spaces based on their political dimension, and the man who builds himself in this dynamic process.
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Protasov, A. A. "Biogeomes of hydrosphere and land as elements of the biosphere structure." Ecology and Noospherology 27, no. 1-2 (September 30, 2015): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/031601.
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Ecosystems as the smallest unit in the structure of the biosphere form natural groups with similar nonliving or inert components (geome) and leaving, biotic (biome) as a result of the ecological convergence. Thus it is formed following after ecosystem level structure of the biosphere – biogeomes or complexes of similar in its structure and function ecosystems. It is proposed unit classification of 12 biogeomes of hydrosphere and land, combining with three types of ecosystems: biotic, oligobiotic and subbiotic types. The biotic type combine with ecosystems controlled by leaving components as well as woody vegetation or hermatypic corrals. The ecosystems of oligobiotic type have strong impact of abiotic factors but biotic ones are important too. It is grass ecosystems on the land, and shelf ecosystems of ocean. In subbiotic type of ecosystems strongly prevail in its habitus abiotic components. It is ecosystems of deserts, and ocean deep bottom or pelagic ocean ecosystems. The evolution of biosphere was lead as well as to new local ecosystems divergently and convergently to formation limit number of ecosystems types, biogeomes. There is reason to believe it possible to form a new scientific section – biogeomics because there is a particular object of it study – the biogeome.
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Gurcel, Kevin, and Stéphane Puissant. "Une Cigale dans le blanc des yeux : synopsis d’une aberration chromatique très rare chez Cicadetta montana (Scopoli, 1772) (Hemiptera, Cicadidae)." Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France 127, no. 3 (2022): 259–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.32475/bsef_2247.
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A cicada in the white of the eyes: synopsis of a very rare chromatic aberration in Cicadetta montana (Scopoli, 1772) (Hemiptera, Cicadidae). An unknown and very rare individual variation is presented for the first time in Cicadetta montana (Scopoli, 1772). The habitus differs from the typical form of the species by the white coloring of several anatomical parts which are mainly little sclerified and usually tinged with orange. If the compound eyes keep their usual brownish coloring, the ocelli are completely white. The comparison between two aberrant mature specimens with specimens of the typical form was made from cicadas collected in the department of Haute-Savoie (France). The degree of maturity of the aberrant specimens was evaluated, in order to remove the doubt on the suspicion of an incomplete coloration such as it exists in freshly emerged individuals. To do this, the complete observation of the chromatogenesis of two specimens was carried out in their natural environment. An approach to chromatic aberrations in cicadas is delivered and an explanation of this phenomenon is proposed in the light of scientific data available in the literature.
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Sasvári, Péter, and Krisztián Várföldi. "An empirical examination of the Journal Scoring System of the IX. Section of Economics and Law of HAS based on data obtained from 2020 and 2021." Multidiszciplináris tudományok 12, no. 2 (2022): 152–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.35925/j.multi.2022.2.14.
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During the habitus examination of the IX. Section of Economics and Law of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, it can be observed that almost half of the points of all scientific publications along with the references made to them (between 250 and 300 points) must be obtained by publishing in domestically and internationally listed journals (120 or 160 points). Within this, a minimum requirement has been formulated for internationally listed articles (35 and 40 points). International journal articles of the same category (A, B, C or D), co-author number and length will receive between 33% and 200% more points than domestic articles. Empirical sampling research demonstrates that social scientists receive on average 35% more points for an article of the same category and size but with a different number of co-authors, suggesting unreasonably low scoring. Points obtained in this way prove to be low and do not reflect the extra work that needs to be done when writing an international article, hence authors are not motivated to write international articles. However, for international rankings, international visibility and publication-based funding of foundation universities, articles published annually in indexed journals (Scopus or Web of Science) would be necessary.
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Türkmen, Şeref. "Putin and Erdoğan – A “Beautiful Friendship” of Illiberal Presidents." Academic and Applied Research in Military and Public 20, no. 3 (May 26, 2022): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32565/aarms.2021.3.3.
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Putin and Erdoğan’s “beautiful friendship” has been defining Russian–Turkish political, diplomatic and economic relations on the one hand, and the handling of many conflicts, including the Syrian civil war, for nearly two decades on the other. It can be said that in many cases, when the interests of the Russian and Turkish states clash with each other or there are conflicts of principle and values, it is the two presidents who, because of their similar habitus and political character, find solutions to the problems. One thing is for sure: without the personalities of Erdoğan and Putin, the recent history of the two nations would not be so diverse and full of twists and turns. This article would like to give an analytical journey into the common history of the Turkish and Russian nations, as well as to the souls of the two politicians to look at the reasons and motivations behind the often contradictory political moves. As relatively little work has been done on the topic in Turkish, but more in English, the study is based on scientific papers and Internet publications written in the latter language. It aims at disclosing the role of the two regional powers in a global framework.
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Wacquant, Loïc. "Four transversal principles for putting Bourdieu to work." Anthropological Theory 18, no. 1 (March 2018): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1463499617746254.
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This article spotlights four transversal principles that animate Pierre Bourdieu’s research practice and can fruitfully guide inquiry on any empirical front: the Bachelardian imperative of epistemological rupture and vigilance; the Weberian command to effect the triple historicization of the agent (habitus), the world (social space, of which field is but a subtype), and the categories of the analyst (epistemic reflexivity); the Leibnizian–Durkheimian invitation to deploy the topological mode of reasoning to track the mutual correspondences between symbolic space, social space, and physical space; and the Cassirer moment urging us to recognize the constitutive efficacy of symbolic structures. I also flag three traps that Bourdieusian explorers of the social world should exercise special care to avoid: the fetishization of concepts, the seductions of “speaking Bourdieuse” while failing to carry out the research operations Bourdieu’s notions stipulate, and the forced imposition of his theoretical framework en bloc when it is more productively used in kit through transposition. These principles guiding the construction of the object are not theoretical slogans but practical blueprints for anthropological inquiry. This implies that mimesis and not exegesis should guide those social scientists who wish to build on, revise, or challenge the scientific machinery and legacy of Pierre Bourdieu.
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Tsysar, Maksym, Anatolii Zakora, Anton Babak, Sergii Ivakhnenko, Oleg Zanevskii, Halina Ilnitska, and Ievgeniia Zakora. "Dependence of static strength of large crystals of synthetic diamond type ib of octaedric habitus, after chemical-thermal time and time." Bulletin of the National Technical University «KhPI» Series: Dynamics and Strength of Machines, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2078-9130.2022.1.253664.
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Increasing demands on the quality of drilling tools are forcing us to revise the traditional methods of their production and develop new alternative technologies. Some issues related to the possibility of increasing the efficiency of a drilling tool using diamond single crystals are considered. It has been suggested that a further reserve for improving the quality of drill bits lies in the use of large, high-strength, non-magnetic diamonds. Scientific research in this area has shown that the efficiency of the drilling process largely depends on the mechanical properties of single crystals, such as tensile strength and hardness. The grains operate under a load close to critical, which can lead to the complete destruction of single crystals instead of gradual chipping with the formation of new cutting edges. The results of an experimental study of the influence of individual stages of the drilling tool manufacturing process, namely, chemical-thermal treatment and annealing at 1150°C, on the static strength of large type Ib synthetic diamond crystals with an octahedral habit are presented. The dependence of this quantity on the geometric dimensions of single crystals was obtained for the first time. The achieved maximum value of static strength was 8750 N. It was experimentally confirmed that with an increase in the breaking load, the size of the fragments decreases. In order to ensure sufficient strength of the cutting part of the drilling tool, it is advisable to limit the size of single crystals to 1000–1200 µm, since the critical load values for them are higher than for crystals whose size is 1300 µm or more, which, according to the theory, is associated with an increase in the number of defects and inclusions in proportion to size. The performed analysis made it possible to make adjustments to aspects of the manifestation of the scale effect when testing the strength properties of diamond single crystals.
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Bagmet, L. V., I. S. Chepinoga, A. A. Trifonova, K. V. Boris, and A. V. Shlyavas. "Nomenclature standards and DNA barcoding of apple varieties originated by VIR Crimean Experimental Breeding Station." Horticulture and viticulture, no. 6 (December 30, 2021): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31676/0235-2591-2021-6-5-16.
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Current pace of breeding technologies relies on a tighter control of quality and identity of breeding achievements. Thereby, standardised variety nomenclature becomes of particular relevance to store original genetic information and warrant authenticity of the breeding product. A nomenclature standard regulates the variety’s name and habitus. A herbarium specimen is most appropriate for standardisation, since it defines a set of strongly inherited morphological characters for a variety. Nomenclature standards must be permanently stored in a scientific herbarium collection. The N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) in alliance with national plant breeders initiated a first nomenclature standard collection of national-breeding cultivars. Aside to classical herbarising, the collection utilises molecular genetic techniques, particularly genotyping, to enable extended variety verification. The VIR team has developed the nomenclature standards of six apple varieties originated by the Crimean Experimental Breeding Station, a VIR Branch (Beloe Solntse, Zolotoy Potok, Kubanochka, Leto Krasnoe, Luchistoe and Shchedrost). The standards are supplemented with DNA barcodes obtained jointly with the N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics. Fifteen microsatellite markers were used for barcoding. The herbarium nomenclature specimens adhered to the VIR-developed protocol in accordance with the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP). The specimens are registered in the VIR Herbarium database and deposited in the World Crop Wild and Weed Relatives (WIR) Herbarium type collection.
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van Krieken, Robert. "Law and Civilization: Norbert Elias as a Regulation Theorist." Annual Review of Law and Social Science 15, no. 1 (October 13, 2019): 267–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-101317-030909.
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The German sociologist Norbert Elias developed a wide-ranging sociological analysis of the interconnections between processes of state formation, institutional dynamics, and individual subjectivity, or habitus, and the logic of their processes of transformation over time. His work has had significant impact on social scientific thought in a wide variety of fields, including the historical sociology of the self, violence, crime and punishment, organizations, emotions, sexuality, social control, and sport. His influence in legal scholarship, however, has concentrated in criminology, with only sporadic use of his ideas in relation to other topics in law and social science research. This review highlights the ways in which Elias can be read as a theorist of regulation by outlining ( a) the core elements of Elias's “process-figurational” sociology and his analysis of processes of civilization and decivilization; ( b) Elias's observations on law and state formation; ( c) a selection of the sociolegal research related to his sociological approach, in fields such as crime and punishment, evolving modes of regulation, and international relations; and ( d) the potential future directions in which Elias's process-figurational approach might move in sociolegal research and scholarship. These include the emotional dimensions of family law, human rights and humanitarianism, the intersections of legal evolution and broader processes of social change, legal pluralism and legal culture, tort law, constitutionalism, and the rule of law.