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Books on the topic 'Scientific concepts philosophy'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Kuchyňka, Petr. Pojmy a vědecké teorie: Concepts and scientific theories. Brno: Masarykova univerzita, 2014.

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2

Philosophical concepts in physics: The historical relation between philosophy and scientific theories. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

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3

Jāmāna, Śāmasuna Nāhāra. Human identity through scientific, philosophical and artistic concepts in the Quran. Central Milton Keynes: AuthorHouse, 2009.

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4

Jāmāna, Śāmasuna Nāhāra. Human identity through scientific, philosophical and artistic concepts in the Quran. Central Milton Keynes: AuthorHouse, 2009.

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5

service), SpringerLink (Online, ed. Roots of Modern Technology: An Elegant Survey of the Basic Mathematical and Scientific Concepts. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2010.

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6

Shevcov, Aleksandr. Classical and non-classical logic in historical-philosophical aspect: basic principles and concepts. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1018310.

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In the textbook systematically described the concept of logic — of the subject, understood as the Foundation of philosophy. Special emphasis is placed on the historical background of the development of logic, it is emphasized that logic as a scientific discipline was formed in close connection with other Sciences, including natural science profile. Content of the manual fully complies with the requirements of Federal state educational standard of higher education in the direction of training 47.04.01 "Philosophy". Recommended for students of higher educational institutions studying the history of philosophy, University professors, and others interested in philosophy.
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7

Irvine, Elizabeth. Consciousness as a Scientific Concept: A Philosophy of Science Perspective. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013.

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8

Hanzel, Igor. The Concept of Scientific Law in the Philosophy of Science and Epistemology. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3265-9.

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9

Lanfredini, Roberta. Oggetti e paradigmi: Per una concezione interattiva della conoscenza scientifica. Roma: Theoria, 1988.

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10

Lanfredini, Roberta. Oggetti e paradigmi: Per una concezione interattiva della conoscenza scientifica. Roma: Theoria, 1988.

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11

Rabey, Graham. Suitable heresies: A new scientific concept of brain and mind and its startling implications for our times. Leicester: Matador, 2009.

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12

Rabey, Graham. Suitable heresies: A new scientific concept of brain and mind and its startling implications for our times. Leicester: Matador, 2009.

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13

Hanzel, Igor. The Concept of Scientific Law in the Philosophy of Science and Epistemology: A Study of Theoretical Reason. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999.

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14

The scientific fallacy and political misuse of the concept of race. Lewiston: Edwin Mellen Press, 2004.

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15

The concept of scientific law in the philosophy of science and epistemology: A study of theoretical reason. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1999.

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16

Lipskiy, Boris, Stanislav Gusev, Grigoriy Tul'chinskiy, and Boris Markov. Fundamentals of Philosophy. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1014627.

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"The textbook consists of five sections, each of which is devoted to one of the fundamental areas of philosophical knowledge. The first section describes the problem of the emergence of philosophy as a field of scientific knowledge and its main objectives; the second identifies the problems of the knowability of the world and examines the main forms of organization of knowledge; the third section is devoted to the problem of man and his place in the world; the fourth section concerns the analysis of social relations from family to political; the fifth section discusses the main ideas of the philosophy of history. It is designed for the level of basic training of students of secondary vocational education institutions, written in simple language, includes numerous examples from history, mythology, ethnography and art. Each section contains individual and group questions and tasks focused on both self-control and checking the depth of understanding of the educational material. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of secondary vocational education of the latest generation. For students and teachers, as well as anyone interested in philosophy."
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17

Hanzel, Igor. The concept of scientific law in the philosphy of science and epistemology: A study of theoretical reason. Boston: Kluwer, 1999.

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18

Kanke, Viktor. Modern ethics. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/975126.

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The textbook analyzes the status of modern ethics, its liberation from metaphysical layers. From these positions, the place of ethics in the system of modern scientific knowledge is consistently considered. It is interpreted as a result of the development of axiological sciences. Great importance is attached to the latest ethical concepts and their philosophical foundations. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is intended for students studying within the group of bachelor's degree courses 47.03.00 "Philosophy, Ethics and Religious studies". It is also of interest to everyone, including students, postgraduates, philosophers, scientists, and a wide range of readers who are interested in the latest achievements of modern science, including philosophy.
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19

Pollmann, Inga. Cinematic Vitalism. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462983656.

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This book argues that there are constitutive links between early twentieth-century German and French film theory and practice, on the one hand, and vitalist conceptions of life in biology and philosophy, on the other. By considering classical film-theoretical texts and their filmic objects in the light of vitalist ideas percolating in scientific and philosophical texts of the time, Cinematic Vitalism reveals the formation of a modernist, experimental and cinematic strand of vitalism in and around the movie theater. The book focuses on the key concepts including rhythm, environment, mood, and development to show how the cinematic vitalism articulated by film theorists and filmmakers maps out connections among human beings, milieus, and technologies that continue to structure our understanding of film.
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20

Scientific Concepts And Investigative Practice. Walter de Gruyter, 2012.

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21

Feest, Uljana, and Friedrich Steinle. Scientific Concepts and Investigative Practice. De Gruyter, Inc., 2012.

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22

Burwell, Jennifer. Quantum Language and the Migration of Scientific Concepts. MIT Press, 2018.

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23

Quantum Language and the Migration of Scientific Concepts. The MIT Press, 2018.

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24

Burwell, Jennifer. Quantum Language and the Migration of Scientific Concepts. MIT Press, 2018.

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25

Burwell, Jennifer. Quantum Language and the Migration of Scientific Concepts: Quantum Physics, Nuclear Discourse, and the Cultural Migration of Scientific Concepts. MIT Press, 2018.

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26

Articulating the World: Conceptual Understanding and the Scientific Image. University of Chicago Press, 2015.

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27

Sprenger, Jan, and Stephan Hartmann. Bayesian Philosophy of Science. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199672110.001.0001.

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“Bayesian Philosophy of Science” addresses classical topics in philosophy of science, using a single key concept—degrees of beliefs—in order to explain and to elucidate manifold aspects of scientific reasoning. The basic idea is that the value of convincing evidence, good explanations, intertheoretic reduction, and so on, can all be captured by the effect it has on our degrees of belief. This idea is elaborated as a cycle of variations about the theme of representing rational degrees of belief by means of subjective probabilities, and changing them by a particular rule (Bayesian Conditionalization). Partly, the book is committed to the Carnapian tradition of explicating essential concepts in scientific reasoning using Bayesian models (e.g., degree of confirmation, causal strength, explanatory power). Partly, it develops new solutions to old problems such as learning conditional evidence and updating on old evidence, and it models important argument schemes in science such as the No Alternatives Argument, the No Miracles Argument or Inference to the Best Explanation. Finally, it is explained how Bayesian inference in scientific applications—above all, statistics—can be squared with the demands of practitioners and how a subjective school of inference can make claims to scientific objectivity. The book integrates conceptual analysis, formal models, simulations, case studies and empirical findings in an attempt to lead the way for 21th century philosophy of science.
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28

Giltaij, Jacob. Greek Philosophy and Classical Roman Law. Edited by Paul J. du Plessis, Clifford Ando, and Kaius Tuori. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198728689.013.15.

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This chapter explores the relation between Greek philosophy and classical Roman law, focusing on various currents as intellectual backgrounds to the works of individual jurists as well as apparently philosophical notions and theories present in the Roman legal sources. These notions range from systematic considerations such as the subdivision of certain legal categories, to moral and ethical concepts like justice and natural law. Even though there are many methodological difficulties associated with exploring the relation between Greek philosophy and Roman law, it seems certain the Roman jurists employed Greek philosophy in a scientific manner in their legal practice, to define and elucidate points of law, and perhaps even to develop new legal theories.
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29

Consciousness As A Scientific Concept. Springer, 2012.

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30

Hankinson, R. J. Reason, Cause, and Explanation in Presocratic Philosophy. Edited by Patricia Curd and Daniel W. Graham. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195146875.003.0017.

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In the Archaic Geek world of epic poetry, the causes of things are shrouded in divine mystery; the gods intervene in human affairs, and bring about events, in a cruel and capricious fashion, according to their whims; Apollo visits the devastating plague of Iliad 1 on the Greek host to avenge Agamemnon's ill-treatment of one of his priests; Poseidon shakes the earth and angers the sea, bringing to destruction those who have incurred his ire, as does Zeus himself with his thunderbolts. The gods take on human shape and intervene in battle with devastating effect. In tragedy, the houses of Atreus and of Laius are brought low when men offend against the gods. This article focuses on the explorations of the fundamental concepts of reasons and causation, and the problems of explanation, and argues that it is indeed reasonable to see in Presocratic thought the foundations of Western scientific explanation.
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31

Irvine, Elizabeth. Consciousness as a Scientific Concept: A Philosophy of Science Perspective. Springer, 2014.

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32

Gipps, Richard G. T., and Michael Lacewing, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy and Psychoanalysis. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198789703.001.0001.

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With contributions from 35 leading experts in the field, The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy and Psychoanalysis provides the definitive guide to this interdisciplinary field. The book comprises eight sections, each providing an overview of current thinking at the interface between philosophy and psychoanalysis through original contributions that will shape the future of the debate in its area. The first section covers the philosophical pre-history of the psychoanalytic unconscious, including discussions of Spinoza, Kant, Hegel, Schopenhauer, and Nietzsche. The next three present evaluations of psychoanalysis. Thus, the second examines how psychoanalysis was received and developed in the twentieth century by Merleau-Ponty, Wittgenstein, the Frankfurt School, and Ricoeur. In the third, central clinical concepts, such as transference, symbolism, wish-fulfilment, making the unconscious conscious, and therapeutic action are presented and interrogated. The fourth discusses the scientific credentials of psychoanalysis, and whether it is better understood as a form of phenomenology. The final four sections turn to the contribution and significance of a psychoanalytic perspective for different aspects of human self-understanding. In that on aesthetics, philosophical theories of art, literature and film are illuminated. In the section on religion, Freud’s challenge to theism, philosophical and psychoanalytic responses to that, and Lacan’s reinterpretation of religion take centre-stage. Next, questions of love, mental health and evolutionary neuroscience are discussed in relation to ethics. The final section examines the radical challenge of psychoanalysis to political and social institutions, including issues of education, gender and war.
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33

(Editor), Eric Margolis, and Stephen Laurence (Editor), eds. Creations of the Mind: Theories of Artifacts and Their Representation. Oxford University Press, USA, 2007.

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34

Renz, Ursula. Interlude. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199350162.003.0013.

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This interlude compares the role that the physical digression plays in the Ethics with the function of physics or neuropsychology in contemporary philosophy of mind. It is argued that, unlike in many contemporary approaches, Spinoza does not pursue a reductionist strategy. Instead, the introduction of the physical digression has two very specific functions. On the one hand, it serves as a model that allows Spinoza to conceptualize differences between specific minds, albeit in a preliminary manner. On the other hand, in support of his introduction of the concept of common notions, the digression also justifies his later claim that, by means of coining scientific concepts, humans are able to form adequate ideas of the properties of natural entities.
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35

Ples-Bęben, Marta, ed. Gaston Bachelard. Konteksty i interpretacje. University of Silesia Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/pn.3957.

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The purpose of the book is to present a selection of studies on Bachelard’s philosophy published by researchers from various countries as part of the Bachelardian and post-Bachelardian movement, and to include articles by Polish Bachelard researchers. It cannot be said that Bachelard remains unknown in Poland, but still many important works – by Bachelard himself and other researchers commenting on his philosophy or continuing it – are known only to specialists. The book Gaston Bachelard. Contexts and Interpretations wants to fill this gap, while pointing to the presence of Polish research on Bachelardism. The intention of this volume is to compile articles confirming the complexity of Gaston Bachelard’s philosophy and its relevance. The multitude of new readings of Bachelard’s thought, appearing in Poland and abroad, confirms that both the philosophy of science, with the concepts of new scientific mind, new rationality or epistemological obstacles introduced by Bachelard, as well as his philosophy of imagination seeking a method that adequately captures the essence of dream and image, invariably serve as an important reference point for philosophers and representatives of other scientific disciplines.
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36

Landry, Elaine, ed. Categories for the Working Philosopher. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198748991.001.0001.

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Borrowing from the title of Saunders Mac Lane’s seminal work Categories for the Working Mathematician, this book aims to bring the concepts of category theory to philosophers working in areas ranging from mathematics to proof theory to computer science to ontology, from physics to biology to cognition, from mathematical modeling to the structure of scientific theories to the structure of the world. Moreover, it aims to do this in a way that is accessible to a general audience. Each chapter is written by either a category-theorist or a philosopher working in one of the represented areas, and in a way that is accessible and is intended to build on the concepts already familiar to those philosophers working in these areas.
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37

Hanzel, Igor. The Concept of Scientific Law in the Philosophy of Science and Epistemology: A Study of Theoretical Reason (Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science). Springer, 1999.

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38

Bueno, Otávio, Ruey-Lin Chen, and Melinda Bonnie Fagan, eds. Individuation, Process, and Scientific Practices. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190636814.001.0001.

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This book concerns a classic philosophical question: “What things count as individuals?” Rather than addressing it from the perspective of analytic metaphysics, this volume proposes to reformulate and answer it from the perspective of scientific practices. So reformulated, the new question is: “How do scientists individuate the things they investigate and thus count them as individuals?” More precisely, our reformulated approach involves three themes: experimental practice, process, and pluralism. The three themes together comprise a unique approach to the classic problem of individuality, and exhibit the strengths of a practice-based philosophy of science. On the approach taken in this volume, insights about criteria of individuality emerge from piecemeal investigation of the problems and questions on individuation. Importantly, results of these investigations are based on individuation as that process is discovered in scientific practice, rather than on a single dominant theory or more abstract metaphysical speculations. Collectively, the investigations of various contributors to this volume tend to support the metaphysical view of individuals as processes. This volume consists of a long introductory chapter and twelve contributed chapters. These chapters examine the individuation of scientific entities, explore different aspects of individuation, highlight individuation in experimental practices, and extend the issue of individuation to wider contexts. These chapters are arranged into three parts: Part I, aspects of individuation: metaphysical and processual; Part II, experimental practices of individuation; and Part III, individuation in philosophical approaches to science: realism, anti-realism, environmentalism.
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39

MacCormack, Patricia, ed. Ahuman Abolition. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474422734.003.0002.

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‘The animal’ as a question, concept and catalyst toward a redress of human subjectivity enflames contemporary philosophy. Varyingly, Deleuze’s work, with and without Guattari, has been both celebrated and maligned. Donna Haraway’s scathing misreading of becoming-animal and Deleuze and Guattari’s potential fetishisation of nonhuman alterity is counterbalanced with their being utilised via their unique abstraction of ordering-concepts which call into question the function of species itself as a majoritarian practice. Thinking the nonhuman – be it nonhuman animals or our own ahumanity – is a project not for science or moral theory based on scientific operations, but philosophy, in that it is an ethical project. Through Deleuze on Spinoza, on dying well, and Deleuze and Guattari’s call to animal-abstraction and inhuman affects, this chapter argues the value of Deleuze for what is known as the extreme of animal rights – abolitionism. Beyond equivalence and any interpretation of the nonhuman perceived via human signifying systems, this chapter uses Deleuze with abolitionist ideas to argue for an absolute abolitionist stance, both philosophically and materially, in reference to contemporary tactics for ethical relations with both nonhumans and ultimately an end to humanism and humanity as the only option for creative becomings for nonhuman lives.
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40

Feldman, Seymour. Gersonides. Liverpool University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781904113447.001.0001.

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Gersonides (1288–1344) was a philosopher as well as an astronomer and biblical exegete. This book is a comprehensive picture of Gersonides' philosophy that is both descriptive and evaluative. Unusually for a Jewish scholar, Gersonides had contacts with several Christian notables and scholars. It is known that these related to mathematical and astronomical matters; the extent to which these contacts also influenced his philosophical thought is a matter of some controversy. Unquestionably, he wrote a library of philosophical, scientific, and exegetical works that testify not only to the range of his intellectual concerns but also to his attempt to forge a philosophical–scientific synthesis between these secular sciences and Judaism. He did not see any fundamental discrepancy between the pursuit of truth via reason and its attainment through divine revelation. As a philosopher-scientist and biblical exegete, Gersonides sought to make this agreement robustly evident. While philosophical and scientific ideas have progressed since Gersonides' time, his work is still relevant today because his attempt to make prophecy and miracles understandable in terms of some commonly held philosophical or scientific theory is paradigmatic of a religion that is not afraid of reason. His general principle that reason should function as a “control” of what we believe has interesting and important implications for the modern reader. He was not afraid to make religious beliefs philosophically and scientifically credible. In this respect he was a precursor of Kant and Hermann Cohen: Judaism is or should be a religion of reason.
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41

Phillips, Lynne. Genders, Spaces, Places. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.193.

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The concepts of gender, space, and place have significant social and political implications for the kind of world that people inhabit and the kinds of lives we can lead. That there has been a transformation in thinking about these concepts is indicated in references today to pluralized (and polymorphic) spaces, to the waxing, and waning of distinctions between space and place, and to the idea that gender, space, and place are something produced rather than simply lived in, or ventured into. These subtle shifts hint at a complex history of ideas about what constitutes gender, space, and/or place and how we might understand the connections and disjunctures between and among them. The theoretical roots of space act as the starting point for discussion, since these have a longer historical record than work which also explicitly includes gender. Western conceptions of space have drawn primarily from early Greek philosophers and mathematicians, and these conceptions indicate an early distinction between a philosophy of space and a pre-scientific notion of space. From here, the development of feminist methods has become essential for revealing how spatial thinking informs ideas about gender. These methods include deconstructing canons, asking the profoundly spatial question of “Where are the women?” and “ungendering” space. These methodological strategies reveal the extent to which the central concerns of feminism today have spatial and place-based dimensions.
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42

Mäki, Uskali. Realistic Realism about Unrealistic Models. Edited by Don Ross and Harold Kincaid. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195189254.003.0004.

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The special challenge the philosophy of economics must meet is to provide a scientific realist account that is realistic of a discipline that deals with a complex subject matter and operates with highly unrealistic models. Unrealisticness in economic models must not constitute an obstacle to realism about those models. This article gives a selective and somewhat abstract summary of its author's thinking about economics, outlined from two perspectives: first historical and autobiographical, then systematic and comparative. The first angle helps understand motives and trajectories of ideas against their backgrounds in intellectual history. The story of this article turns out to have both unique and generalizable aspects. The second approach outlines some of the key concepts and arguments as well as their interrelations in this chapter's philosophy of economics, with occasional comparisons to other views. More space is devoted to this second perspective than to the first.
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43

Mundt, Christoph. Impact of Karl Jaspers’ General Psychopathology: the range of appraisal. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199609253.003.0004.

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Growing unease in the scientific community has stimulated reception of classical authors as Karl Jaspers. By drawing on existential philosophy Jaspers has given GP a depth which allows reflecting the methodological premises of psychopathology. Anthropologic phenomenology of Edmund Husserl was received with scepticism by Jaspers as was V. v. Weizsäcker’s psychosomatic medicine and Mitscherlich`s psychoanalysis. Jaspers refined mainstream psychopathology by understanding their nature and defining precise criteria. Delusion and psychotic symptoms are examples. The observation of patient`s and psychiatrist`s “vicarious self-representations” gained acceptance although low reliability was expected. Substantial critique on GP is rare. Some authors consider Jaspers’ work as replica of French psychiatrists. However, Jaspers’ work is unique in getting in touch philosophy and psychiatry. The comprehensiveness of the material is one merit of GP. Amazing that in times when psychopathological concepts are short lived a book published one hundred years ago still exerts influence. This steady interest may be an indication that GP touches upon the very roots of mental life.
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44

Fulford, K. W. M., Martin Davies, Richard G. T. Gipps, George Graham, John Z. Sadler, Giovanni Stanghellini, and Tim Thornton. Introduction. Edited by K. W. M. Fulford, Martin Davies, Richard G. T. Gipps, George Graham, John Z. Sadler, Giovanni Stanghellini, and Tim Thornton. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199579563.013.0054.

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This section concerns the question of how best to understand the scientific status of mental health care in general and psychiatry in particular. On the assumption that psychiatry is based, in part at least, on natural science, what is the nature or the general shape of that science? Some of the chapters aim at shedding light on component parts of a scientific world view: causation, explanation, natural kinds, models of medicine, etc. Others concern potentially fruitful scientific approaches to mental health care, drawing on brain imaging results, phenomenology, enactivism and what can be learnt from debate of the status of psychoanalysis. One overall lesson is that twenty-first-century psychiatry needs twenty-first-century philosophy of science.
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45

Ben-Menahem, Yemima. Causation in Science. Princeton University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691174938.001.0001.

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This book explores the role of causal constraints in science, shifting our attention from causal relations between individual events—the focus of most philosophical treatments of causation—to a broad family of concepts and principles generating constraints on possible change. The book looks at determinism, locality, stability, symmetry principles, conservation laws, and the principle of least action—causal constraints that serve to distinguish events and processes that our best scientific theories mandate or allow from those they rule out. The book's approach reveals that causation is just as relevant to explaining why certain events fail to occur as it is to explaining events that do occur. It investigates the conceptual differences between, and interrelations of, members of the causal family, thereby clarifying problems at the heart of the philosophy of science. The book argues that the distinction between determinism and stability is pertinent to the philosophy of history and the foundations of statistical mechanics, and that the interplay of determinism and locality is crucial for understanding quantum mechanics. Providing a historical perspective, the book traces the causal constraints of contemporary science to traditional intuitions about causation, and demonstrates how the teleological appearance of some constraints is explained away in current scientific theories such as quantum mechanics. The book represents a bold challenge to both causal eliminativism and causal reductionism—the notions that causation has no place in science and that higher-level causal claims are reducible to the causal claims of fundamental physics.
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46

Halperin, Sandra, and Oliver Heath. 3. Objectivity and Values. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198702740.003.0003.

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This chapter focuses on a key debate in the philosophy of social science: whether it is possible to separate facts and values in social science research. It first considers normative and empirical theory in political research before discussing the ways in which the values of the researcher influence the research process. It then examines Thomas Kuhn’s arguments concerning paradigms and how they change through scientific ‘revolutions’, along with their implications for the possibility of value-free social inquiry. It looks at an example of how the notion of ‘paradigm’ has been applied to a specific area of inquiry within politics: the study of development. It also compares Kuhn’s paradigms with Imre Lakatos’ concept of ‘scientific research programmes’.
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47

Ott, Walter, and Lydia Patton, eds. Laws of Nature. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198746775.001.0001.

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The concept of a law of nature, while familiar, is deeply puzzling. Theorists such as Descartes think a divine being governs the universe according to the laws which follow from that being’s own nature. Newton detaches the concept from theology and is agnostic about the ontology underlying the laws of nature. Some later philosophers treat laws as summaries of events or tools for understanding and explanation, or identify the laws with principles and equations fundamental to scientific theories. In the first part of this volume, essays from leading historians of philosophy identify central questions: are laws independent of the things they govern, or do they emanate from the powers of bodies? Are the laws responsible for the patterns we see in nature, or should they be collapsed into those patterns? In the second part, contributors at the forefront of current debate evaluate the role of laws in contemporary Best System, perspectival, Kantian, and powers- or mechanisms-based approaches. These essays take up pressing questions about whether the laws of nature can be consistent with contingency, whether laws are based on the invariants of scientific theories, and how to deal with exceptions to laws. These twelve essays, published here for the first time, will be required reading for anyone interested in metaphysics, philosophy of science, and the histories of these disciplines.
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48

Krohn, Wolfgang. Interdisciplinary Cases and Disciplinary Knowledge. Edited by Robert Frodeman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198733522.013.5.

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“Interdisciplinary Cases and Disciplinary Knowledge: Epistemic Challenges of Interdisciplinary Research” provides a conceptual framework of interdisciplinarity in the context of contemporary philosophy of science and social epistemology. It describes a widespread tension between the interdisciplinary commitment to complex real-world problems and the disciplinary strategies to build simplified models. While real-world problems call for highly specific and context-sensitive solutions, disciplinary problems serve as exemplars of more a general type. The epistemological challenge of interdisciplinarity is to relate knowledge about complex and singular cases with knowledge about generalized concepts and causalities. This relationship calls for a combination between the “humanistic” ideal of understanding the individual case, and the “scientific” search for common features of different cases. In practice interdisciplinary projects find ways to bridge causal explanation and the concern for the case. An epistemological attempt is made to conceptually integrate the search for universally applicable knowledge and idiographic richness.
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49

Broome, Matthew, Paolo Fusar-Poli, and Philippe Wuyts. Conceptual and Ethical Issues in the Prodromal Phase of Psychosis. Edited by K. W. M. Fulford, Martin Davies, Richard G. T. Gipps, George Graham, John Z. Sadler, Giovanni Stanghellini, and Tim Thornton. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199579563.013.0046.

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Our focus in this chapter is to address some of the philosophical issues that arise in the scientific and clinical study of the prodromal phase of psychosis. We discuss issues from both metaphysics and philosophy of science as we all as those related to phenomenological approaches and clinical ethics. A clear challenge arises in considering how models of a continuum of psychosis and of schizophrenia as a neurodevelopmental disorder can be reconciled with a scientific understanding of the prodrome as a discrete constellation of signs and symptoms. Clinical and research work on the prodromal stage of psychosis also highlights ethical concerns. Demarcating a mental disorder and applying therapeutic interventions, based solely on risk estimation, should not be carried out lightly.
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50

Pierson, Ryan. Figure and Force in Animation Aesthetics. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190949754.001.0001.

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How can movements in animated films be described? Figure and Force in Animation Aesthetics introduces a powerful new method for the study of animation. By looking for figures—arrangements that seem to intuitively hold together—and forces—underlying units of attraction, repulsion, and direction—it reveals startling new possibilities for animation criticism, history, and theory. Drawing on concepts from Gestalt psychology, the book offers a wide-ranging comparative study of four animation techniques—soft-edged forms, walk cycles, camera movement, and rotoscoping—as they appear in commercial, artisanal, and avant-garde works. In the process, through close readings of little-analyzed films, the book demonstrates that figures and forces make fertile resources for theoretical speculation, unearthing affinities between animation practice and such topics as the philosophy of mathematics, scientific and political revolution, and love. Beginning and ending with the imperative to “look closely,” Figure and Force in Animation Aesthetics is a performance in seeing the world of motion anew.
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