Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sciences médicales et environnementales'
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Simonetti, Claude-Alexandre. "Développement d'un spectromètre/débitmètre neutrons transportable." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023NORMC262.
The DONEUT (DOsimètre NEUtrons) project in which this thesis is included, has to answer to the following issue for the civilian an military nuclear industries : a more precise determination of the neutron impact on the human body, fundamental in radiation protection.To fulfill theses requirements, which consist of measuring an ambient or personal dose equivalent rateS (H*(10) or Hp(10)) from 1 µSv/h to ~10 mSv/h in less than 10 minutes, a transportable (mass ≤ 15 kg) multi detectors cylindric prototype has been developed, with 32 thermal neutron detectors placed at different depths.This device is able to rebuild a full neutron spectrum from 0 to 20 MeV through unfolding computer codes like MAXED and GRAVEL, and the results are in good agreement with those obtained with the NNS spectrometer (Nested Neutron Spectrometer), which was our reference, with a good gamma/neutron discrimination
Speziale, Fabrizio. "Soufisme et sciences médicales en Inde." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0008.
Djebbi, Mohamed Amine. "Les Hydroxydes Doubles Lamellaires au coeur de la biotechnologie : évaluation des applications médicales et environnementales." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1049/document.
DHs are a class of synthetic anionic clays whose structure is based on brucite-like layers Mg(OH)2 inwhich some of the divalent cations have been replaced by trivalent ions giving positively-charged sheets.This charge is balanced by intercalation of anions in the hydrated interlayer regions. The identities andratios of the di- and trivalent cations and the interlayer anion may be varied over a wide range, giving rise toa large class of isostructural materials. The parent material of this class is the naturally occurring mineralhydrotalcite and LDHs are consequently also known as hydrotalcite-like materials. Although the basicfeatures of the structure are well understood, detailed structural aspects have been the subject of somecontroversy in the literature. In this thesis, we have selected two types of LDH, MgAl and ZnAl, which havebeen widely introduced in various applications, such as sorption of molecules of biological interest (enzymeand drug) and the development of electrodes. The specificity of this work lies on the immobilization of amodel enzyme, lactate dehydrogenase in both matrices as well as an anti-bacterial drug, berberine, inorder to study the interactions between these two biomolecules and the introduced LDH phase and tobetter address their challenges of applications in the medical field. Second, we have tried to study the twophases mentioned above more and more accurately in terms of structure, morphology and electrochemicalprofile in order to use them as electrode materials for microbial fuel cell device
Pellet, Karin. "Structuration et restructuration des cliniques privées à caratère commercial : un état de l'art entre contingences environnementales et contingences médicales." Lyon 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO33012.
Dehdouh, Rachid. "Histoire et philosophie des sciences biologiques et médicales chez Georges Canguilhem." Paris 8, 2007. http://octaviana.fr/document/122023617#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Georges Canguilhem (1904-1995) inspiring of Nietzsche’s philosophy and Merleau-ponty’s phenomenology developed a biologic anthropology distinguishing the being in general and the human being at last as a: rationality, a vital power and a wisdom. This anthropology of life and “corporeity” is characterized according canguilhem by two essentials and complementary aspects: the first is: its reject with all normality wanting to imposed the being at conventional norms under the form of disciplines charged to regulate its diverse activities: physiology, psychology, and sociology. The second aspect resided in the restitution in the body living, the human being in particular. His essence battered by a technique and scientific tenancy. This “corporeity” manifested a creative normativity that escape from all norms or pre-established value. The being with its variations, multiciplity, individuality and creations doesn’t give the opportunity for a normalisates studies, except in its mechanicals and physical-chemical dimensions. In reach of this corporeity which is it a creation, a reason and wisdom
Sugaya, Norioki. "Les sciences médicales dans Bouvard et Pécuchet de Gustave Flaubert." Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA081575.
Motulsky, Elie. "Expression d'aquaporines au niveau de la rétine dans des conditions physiologiques et physiopathologiques." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/218468.
Daul, Christian. "Segmentation, recalage et reconstruction 3D de données.Traitement d'images médicales et industrielles." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00326078.
Deram, Aurelien. "Environnement générique pour la validation de simulations médicales." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00793236.
Nahaboo, Wallis. "Elongation du fuseau mitotique dans l'embryon de C. elegans: caractérisation d'une nouvelle force de propulsion." Doctoral thesis, ENS Lyon, Lyon, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/282179.
Gaudeau, Yann. "Contributions en compression d'images médicales 3D et d'images naturelles 2D." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00121338.
Ainsi, nous proposons une méthode de compression avec pertes basée sur une transformée en ondelettes 3D suivie d'une Quantification Vectorielle Algébrique avec Zone Morte 3D (QVAZM 3D) pour les images radiologiques. La principale contribution de ce travail réside dans la conception d'une zone morte multidimensionnelle qui permet de prendre en compte les corrélations entre les voxels voisins. Les résultats sur une base d'IRM et scanner couramment utilisés montrent une supériorité visuelle et numérique de notre méthode par rapport à plusieurs des meilleurs codeurs. Ces résultats visuels prometteurs sont confirmés sur des scanners ORL à travers une évaluation de deux spécialistes du domaine.
La seconde contribution de cette thèse concerne l'évaluation de l'impact d'une compression avec pertes sur les performances d'un CAD (outil d'aide à la décision) performant pour la détection automatique de nodules pulmonaires. Ce travail original sur une population significative de 120 scanners de poumons a montré que la détection n'était pas détériorée par la compression jusqu'à un niveau de compression de 48 : 1 et restait robuste jusqu'à 96 : 1.
La dernière contribution de cette thèse traite de la réduction de la complexité de notre schéma de compression. Nous proposons deux méthodes d'allocations de débits pour les images naturelles et médicales. La première allocation consacrée à la QVAZM 2D s'appuie sur un ajustement précis des courbes débit-distorsion (R-D) en les approximant par un simple modèle exponentiel. La seconde allocation proposée pour les images naturelles 2D et médicales 3D utilise des modèles statistiques par blocs pour modéliser les courbes R-D. Ces modèles R-D s'appuient sur une modélisation de la distribution conjointe des vecteurs de coefficients d'ondelettes par un mélange de gaussiennes généralisées (multidimensionnelles).
Gonzalez-Aguilar, José. "Contribution au développement de technologies plasmas pour des applications énergétiques et environnementales." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00526486.
Bacchetta, Audrey. "Analyse et spéciation du tritium dans des matrices environnementales." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00978875.
Bacchetta, Audrey. "Analyse et spéciation du tritium dans des matrices environnementales." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066026.
This study deals with environmental monitoring. The main aims are (i) the optimisation of the analytical procedure for the tritium in organic form determination, and (ii) the identification of the tritium bearing molecules which are responsible for its transfer from the environment to man. The study was divided into three stages. First an analytical method was developed to determine hydrogen content of several samples, which is a key element to calculate accurate organically bound tritium activities. Secondly, the impact of the organically bound tritium fractions separation (labile exchange) for the determination of the representative fraction of the level of environmental tritium activity was then evaluated. For that, the amount of solubilised sample was estimated. Finally, the speciation of tritium in environmental samples was investigated. Several molecules classes and organic compounds dissolved in the labile exchanges solvent were identified. The results show that the distribution of tritium in organisms depends on both properties of the chemical bond in which it is involved and chemical properties of tritium bearing molecules. The identified compounds belong to the molecules classes such as carbohydrates or amino acids, constitutive of living organisms. It would now be of interest to study the tritium distribution in an environmental sample to target molecules of interest and study the impact of tritium from the environment to man
Madec, Morgan. "Conception, Simulation et Realisation d'un processeur optoélectronique pour la reconstruction d'images médicales." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00166879.
Shavandi, Amin. "Development and characterization of calcium phosphate and a/ß chitosan biocomposites for bone tissue engineering." Doctoral thesis, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/279279.
Meziou, Leïla. "Segmentation par contours actifs basés alpha-divergences : application à la segmentation d'images médicales et biomédicales." Phd thesis, Université de Cergy Pontoise, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00920443.
Durand, Mathieu. "Gestion des déchets et inégalités environnementales et écologiques à Lima : entre durabilité et vulnérabilité." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00564628.
Lorioux, Sophie. "INFLUENCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES PRECOCES ET REGULATION MATERNELLE DU DEVELOPPEMENT : IMPLICATIONS ECOLOGIQUES ET EVOLUTIVES CHEZ DEUX ESPECES DE SQUAMATES." Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00691167.
Denis, Jérôme Alexandre. "Applications médicales et pharmaceutiques des cellules souches pluripotentes : vers un changement de paradigme ?" Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00637075.
Bevilacqua, Elisa. "Non-invasive prenatal testing: a new era in fetal medicine." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/304668.
Doctorat en Sciences médicales (Médecine)
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Anciaux, Maëlle. "Prognostic value of macro- and microenvironment parameters in esophageal cancer: Exploration of candidate biomarkers at morphological, histopathological and molecular levels." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/312668.
Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques (Médecine)
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Paul, Patrick. "Pratiques médicales, formations et transdisciplinarité : Contribution à la construction d'un modèle bio-cognitif de formation de la personne." Tours, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOUR2007.
Chatzimpiros, Petros, and Petros Chatzimpiros. "Les empreintes environnementales de l'approvisionnement alimentaire : Paris, ses viandes et lait, XIXe-XXIe siècles." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00834837.
Jaafar, A. "Traitement de la mission et des variables environnementales et intégration au processus de conception systémique." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00646708.
Budowski, Max. "Apprentissage coopératif et formation des médecins : entre le “formel” et “l’informel”. Expérimentation de trois dispositifs pédagogiques utilisés en sciences médicales." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC0015/document.
This thesis attempts to offer a model for the acquisition of knowledge and skills amongphysicians. The research undertook to explore the role of professional experiences, dailylife, exchanges between peers, and all other forms of so-called « informal » learning inenhancing the professional skills of medical students and physicians. The author laboredunder the following hypothesis: all learning involves both formal and informal aspects,and the informal aspects can be found in cooperative, experiential and reflexive typepedagogical constructs. Finally, « informal » and « non-formal » learning opportunitiescertainly play a role in the acquisition of knowledge and skills among health care professionals.Three teaching mechanisms frequently used during the 3rd cycle of initial medical trainingas well as in medical continuing education programs were made available to medicalstudents and physicians working in ambulatory setting. These tools, which encourageparticipants to marshal their own experiences, to reflect thoughtfully and to cooperatewith each other, can improve the skills of medical students and physicians.Each of the three teaching mechanisms studied herein, factoring in individual backgroundsand proficiencies, contain both formal and informal knowledge and skills which,as a whole, contributed to the transformation of the participants. However, it is importantto note that the distinction between formal and informal learning is primarily theoretical,and may simply depend on context or location. Therefore, rather than opposethem, it may be more appropriate to consider that these types of learning lie on a continuum
Zhangh-Ge, Lu. "Modèles Numériques pour l'Évaluation Objective de la Qualité d'Images Médicales." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00995416.
Cestac, Julien. "Habitude et principe de compatibilité dans le modèle du comportement planifié : décisions pro-environnementales et automobile." Phd thesis, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00431126.
Ingels, Aude. "Contribution à l’étude de la Sphaeropsidine A et de ses dérivés pour combattre certains cancers agressifs et en particulier, les mélanomes." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/294565.
Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques (Pharmacie)
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Raddadi, Mohamed Chaker. "Etude de la nature de la radioactivité gamma dans les roches carbonatées de plate-forme : analyses et interprétations environnementales, diagénétiques et géodynamiques." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00704890.
Bruguier, Florent. "Méthodes de caractérisation et de surveillance des variations technologiques et environnementales pour systèmes reconfigurables adaptatifs." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00965377.
Vandeput, Marie. "Développement d’un dispositif en flux intégrant un générateur et un détecteur ampérométrique pour l’étude de composés pharmaceutiques et agro-alimentaires." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/268509.
Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques (Pharmacie)
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David, Maia. "Economie des Approches Volontaires dans les Politiques Environnementales en Concurrence et Coopération Imparfaites." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000855.
Berger, Tristan. "L'accès aux informations environnementales et sanitaires : le cas des substances chimiques, des OGM et des médicaments." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01D006.
Thalidomide, asbestos, tobacco, PCB, benzene, valproate, dexfenfluramine, ECB, PIP implants, chlordecone, BPA, glyphosate, etc., there is now a long list of environmental and health risks that both affected risk management and undermined the public’s trust towards institutions. In this context, the issue of transparency related to environmental and health risks has continued to grow, not only for the purpose of directly informing citizens, but also for the purpose of building a counterexpertise, with a growing number of organizations or researchers seeking to review and check official expertise, and to challenge the action or the inertia of public authorities or companies. As a result, expert agencies increasingly receive requests to access environmental and health information, including to detailed datasets and techniques to test their reliability. Despite the progress that has characterized public rights to access information over the past forty years and the display of an open data policy, this thesis is based on the observation that access to information regimes are not effective. Going beyond the causes traditionally analyzed by doctrine (length of the delays, culture of secrecy, complexity), the thesis seeks to identify systemic limits to public access to environmental and health information. In particular, it highlights three sets of structural factors. First, the system for assessing product safety, entrusted to companies, inherently carries a risk of conflicts of interest and therefore undermines the reliability of the data to which the public is entitled. Second, the claim of intellectual property rights on data produced by companies, subjects them to a privatization process. Third, the lack of enforcement power of expert agencies, caught in a stranglehold between the exclusive rights of companies and the rights of public access. Three case studies – chemicals, GMOs and medicines – are used to highlight these structural limitations to access rights and, simultaneously, to deepen ecological and health democracy
Roussignol, Ines. "L'apport des théories scientifiques (expérimentales et médicales) dans le vocabulaire rural, scientifique et général d'Émile Zola." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCD004/document.
Émile Zola tells his vision about the scientific progress in concordance with the literary doctrine of naturalism and the historical and scientific context of the Second French Empire, in the sociological context of the rural exodus of the end of the nineteenth century characterizing the French contryside. Combining these three decisive facts, Zola manages to deliver a strong masterpiece containing a type of scientificity non conforming to the ideal literary and social canons of the time. He relies on Claude Bernard’s doctrines of experimental method and Prosper Lucas’heredity and the others medical practitioners. The predominance of scientific, hereditary, alcoholic and violent semantic fields defines the use of common vocabulary based on thematics and specific lexical networks. The peasant is depicted as a violent, ignorant, non educated, pagan, alcoholic, brutish, being clannish and attracted by the lucre. Zola oppose the science et the religion for promoting his progressive ideas
Sermage, Claire. "Incidence des leucémies de l'enfant en fonction de la proximité et des caractéristiques générales de diverses sources d'expositions environnementales." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00779494.
Rufin-Soler, Caroline. "Evolutions environnementales des littoraux des atolls coralliens dans les océans Indien et Pacifique : le cas des archipels Maldivien et Tuvaluan." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00409568.
Koenig, Sandra. "Etude comparative des propriétés des inositol trisphosphate kinases dans deux modèles cellulaires :les cellules souches embryonnaires murines et les cellules PC12." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/218074.
Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques (Médecine)
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Robillard, Marine. "Pygmées Baka et voisins dans la tourmente des politiques environnementales en Afrique centrale." Phd thesis, Museum national d'histoire naturelle - MNHN PARIS, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00863420.
Aussem, Alexandre. "Le Calcul du Gradient d'Erreur dans les Réseaux de Neurones : Applications aux Telecom et aux Sciences Environnementales." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00395549.
Beziat, Pierre. "Effets des conditions environnementales et des pratiques culturales sur les flux de carbone et d'eau dans les agrosystèmes." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00447499.
Houben, Sarah. "Cinquante nuances de tau :de la neurogenèse à la pathogenèse." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/314226/4/tdm.pdf.
Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques (Médecine)
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Hecq, Julien. "Développement et évaluation de nanoparticules bioadhésives pour l'administration orale de petides." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/253866.
In the last few years, research in biotechnology has produced a plethora of new therapeutics based on peptides and proteins. These new biotherapeutics are currently injected (e.g. subcutaneously), with lower patient compliance than for the oral route of administration. Indeed, the oral route is still considered as the most convenient way for drug delivery, offering high compliance by patients, especially in long-term treatments. However, proteins and peptides are characterized by low bioavailability when administered orally (lower than 1%). This is essentially due to their poor stability in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract (e.g. resulting from pH, enzymatic and microbial degradation) as well as limited permeability through the gastro intestinal mucosa.Numerous researches have been performed on oral administration of peptides and proteins with the use of insulin as the model drug. Indeed, insulin, a peptide hormone, is usually administered subcutaneously for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Moreover, the oral administration of insulin can mimic the endogenous secretion by the pancreas as the absorbed insulin passes through the portal vein to the liver avoiding peripheral hyperinsulinemia. In this work, encapsulation strategy was selected to increase the oral bioavailability of macromolecules. These novel formulations were developed in the form of both polymeric and lipid cationic nanoparticles, which were characterized by a mean diameter lower than 300 nm. Such cationic nanoparticles allowed protecting the biomolecule against early degradation in the gastrointestinal tract as well as getting adhesive properties to decrease intestinal clearance and increase the concentration gradient toward the systemic circulation by shorting the diffusion pathway. The polymeric formulations were based on the use of a cationic polymer (e.g. chitosan and chitosan derivatives), a peptide (e.g. insulin or sodium colistimethate) and, alternatively, a polyanion. These formulations were prepared by self-assembly, via electrostatic interactions between the negatively charged drug and the positively charged polymers. An advantage of such formulations was to avoid the use of organic solvents during the preparation. Moreover, these formulations were characterized by bioadhesive properties and the use of chitosan derivatives as permeation enhancer was supposed to promote the intestinal absorption of macromolecules. The polymeric nanoparticles were all characterized by a mean diameter lower than 300 nm and a positive zeta potential that was ranged between +24 mV and +40 mV. The bioadhesive properties were found to be enhanced with a decrease of the nanoparticles diameter, as well as, by an increase of the zeta potential. The encapsulation efficiencies were found to be always higher than 40%. It was demonstrated that dissolution profiles of the encapsulated peptide from the polymeric nanoparticles was greatly influenced by the nature of the polymer (e.g. derivatization degree) and the use of a polyanion. A proper selection of both materials allowed getting a sustained-release of the peptide over 210 minutes. An effective protection against digestive enzymes was also demonstrated. Moreover, it was shown that the diffusion of insulin through Caco-2/HT-29 cell monolayers was increased when encapsulated in polymeric nanoparticles compared to a solution of raw insulin (e.g. 3.9 ± 0.5% vs. 1.2 ± 0.3% after 240 min.). Interestingly, it was also proved that the in vivo biologic activity of insulin was not altered during the formulation process.The so-called water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double emulsion technique was used to produce the cationic solid lipid nanoparticles (cSLN). With the double emulsion method, the first emulsion is water in oil, which means that the protein is dissolved into the inner aqueous phase, emulsified with an organic phase including the lipids. This first emulsion was then emulsified with an outer aqueous phase including surfactants. The organic solvent was removed by evaporation to get solid lipid nanoparticles. It was decided to select cationic lipids to get ionic interactions between the positively charged surface of the cSLNs and the negative charges present in the mucus at the surface of the intestinal tract. The mean diameter of the cSLN remained lower than 300 nm and the zeta potential was always higher than +33 mV. The encapsulation efficiency was ranged between 30% and 42% and all the formulations were characterized by bioadhesive properties. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the cSLN allowed an effective protection against digestive enzymes (e.g. pepsin and trypsin). The dissolution profiles of the insulin from the cSLN were characterized by a biphasic release. There was an initial burst release in the first 30 min, followed by a sustained release of the peptide. Moreover, compared to free insulin in solution, these formulations significantly increased the passage of the encapsulated insulin through Caco-2/HT-29 cell monolayer to reach 2.9 ± 0.4% after 4h for the cSLN, instead of. 1.2 ± 0.3% for the unencapsulated raw insulin. Finally, as for the previous formulation based on chitosan, the peptide and its biological activity were preserved during the formulation process.In order to confirm that the developed formulations could be used with others peptides and proteins, similar formulations were developed with sodium colistimethate, a prodrug of a polypeptide antibiotic, the colistine.After these in vitro characterizations, the best formulation of each type containing insulin was selected to perform in vivo evaluation. Both polymeric and lipidic formulations were orally administered by the mean of an enterosoluble capsule. Glycemia in rat was monitored and compared to that obtained after a subcutaneous injection, as well as an oral administration of insulin solution. The results showed a tremendous decrease of the glycemia after the oral administration of our formulations. For the chitosan-based formulation, which was administered to eleven animals (100 IU/kg), a tremendous decrease of glycemia was observed in two animals, leading to their death by hypoglycemia. These results could be explained by an early dissolution of the capsule in the stomach, leading to the early release of our formulations. For the cSLN containing insulin and administered at 50 IU/kg, the mean decrease of the glycemia was 28 ± 7%. Nevertheless, consequent variability was observed for the highest decrease of the glycemia (20.8% - 42.2%) as well as for the time need to get this highest decrease (180 – 330 minutes). This variability can also be explained by an early dissolution of the capsule in the stomach and, even if these lipid formulations were stable in gastric media, their bioadhesive properties prevent them to reach the intestine.In the future, it would be interesting to simultaneously follow the capsule pathway and its content. This could be done by medical imaging and would help to understand the variability that was observed during our in vivo evaluation. It would also be interesting to evaluate more deeply the passage mechanism through the intestinal epithelium. Such studies have been done in vitro and ex vivo but not in vivo to the best of our knowledge.
Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques (Pharmacie)
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Rollin, Jérôme. "Normes environnementales et diversité périurbaine : Les enjeux de la professionnalisation de l'assainissement non collectif." Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00986712.
Verbeke, Véronique. "Concentrations en gaz dans la glace de mer: développements techniques et implications environnementales." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210942.
Ce travail a pour objectif d’étudier les relations complexes qui existent entre les processus chimiques, physiques et biologiques qui se déroulent au sein de la glace de mer. La détermination des propriétés physiques et de la composition chimique des glaces de mer correspond en effet à un pré-requis indispensable à l’étude des cycles géochimiques qui existent dans la banquise.
Différentes glaces de mer, naturelles ou artificielles, ont été analysées. Pour ce faire, les caractéristiques spécifiques à ce type de glace font que des méthodes d’analyse de la composition en gaz particulières ont été nécessaires.
Nous avons ainsi pu montrer que le contenu et la composition en gaz des différentes glaces analysées dépendent de facteurs physico-chimiques et de facteurs biologiques. L’impact des facteurs physico-chimiques se marque lors de l’incorporation initiale des impuretés dans la glace de mer et via une diffusion "post-génétique" tant que la glace est plus chaude que –5°C. En outre, les organismes photosynthétiques sont à l’origine d’une production d’oxygène et d’une consommation de dioxyde de carbone. La composition en gaz résultante peut donc être sensiblement différente de la composition atmosphérique ou de celle des gaz dissous dans l’eau de mer sous-jacente, en été comme en hiver. Il s’agit par conséquent de sérieusement envisager l’impact potentiel de la glace de mer et des microorganismes qu’elle contient, lors du réchauffement et de la débâcle, sur les échanges entre atmosphère et océan comme sur leurs compositions respectives.
Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation géographie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Wolff, Fleur. "Apport du dosage de l’hepcidine dans le diagnostic différentiel des anémies du sujet âgé et autres applications cliniques." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2019. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/297794/3/table.pdf.
Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques (Pharmacie)
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Makki, Safwat. "De la chimie physique à la thérapeutique, les psoralènes : la polarité moléculaire et ses implications en chimie analytique et en sciences médicales." Besançon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BESA2039.
Perier, Virginie. "Etude de l'influence des conditions environnementales sur le comportement en fretting, fatigue et fretting-fatigue des câbles du génie civil." Phd thesis, ECOLE CENTRALE DE LYON, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00969179.
Brouard, Olivier. "Les communautés microbiennes des phytotelmes des Broméliacées : structure et influence de l'habitat, des conditions environnementales et des interactions biologiques." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00741962.
Merabti, Tayeb. "Méthodes pour la mise en relations des terminologies médicales : contribution à l'interopérabilité sémantique Inter et Intra terminologique." Rouen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ROUES010.
Since twenty years ago, access and use of medical data become major issues for health professional and lay people. In this context, multiphe health terminologies were be developped. Theses terminologies have mostly different format and purpose : SNOMED International for clinical coding, CCAM and ISD10 used for epidemiological and medico-economic purposes, MeSH thesaurus for bibliographic databases. Hence, and given the growing need for cooperation between health practitioners, a new "intreoprable" terminoloy base is now required. This work take place in a more global InterSTIS project (french acronym of Semantic Interoperabiblity of terminologies in French Health Information Systems) funded by the French National Research Agency. The goal of InterSTIS is to make interoperable the main French medical terminologies within a "Health Multi-Terminology Server" (HMTS). We use also UMLS to provide a large coverage of relations between terminologies. We benefit in the case of this PhD of an extensive experience in the Natural Language Processing field from a multiple CISMEF and LERTIM research projects