Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Science Philosophy History 17th century'
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Chipman, Gary V. "Robert Boyle and the Significance of Skill and Experience in Seventeenth-Century Natural Philosophy." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2652/.
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The purpose of this study is to examine how English natural philosophers of the seventeenth centuryin particular, Robert Boyle (1627-1691) considered and assessed the personal traits of skill and experience and the significance of these characteristics to the practice of seventeenth-century science. Boyle's writings reveal that skill and experience impacted various aspects of his seventeenth-century experimental natural philosophy, including the credibility assessment of tradesmen and eyewitnesses to natural phenomena, the contingencies involved in the making of experiments, and Boyle's statements about the requisite skills of experimental philosophy in contrast to other traditions. Subtopics explored include the popularization of science and Boyle's expectations concerning the future improvement of natural philosophy.
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Oliver, Ryan. "Aliens and atheists: The Plurality of Worlds and Natural Theology in Seventeenth-Century England." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5134/.
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The plurality of worlds has had a long history in England, which has not gone unnoticed by scholars. Historians have tended to view this English pluralist tradition as similar to those found on the continent, and in doing so have failed to fully understand the religious significance that the plurality of worlds had on English thought and society. This religious significance is discovered through a thorough investigation of plurality as presented by English natural philosophers and theologians, and in so doing reveals much about England in the seventeenth century. As natural philosophers incorporated plurality within the larger framework of natural theology, it became a weapon of science and reason to be used against the unreasonable atheists of late seventeenth-century England.
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Bigonville, Delphine. "Association des idées et intuition: la réponse des architectes anglais à la Querelle des Anciens et des Modernes." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209775.
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Ce travail s’intéresse au problème de la relativisation de l’expression architecturale liée à la remise en question, durant le XVIIe siècle, de l’origine divine et de la valeur des canons proportionnels qui sous-tendent la tradition classique. Emblématique de la Querelle qui opposa Claude Perrault et François Blondel au sein de l’Académie royale de Paris, ce problème recevra une formulation privilégiée dans la tradition théorique anglaise qui se caractérise par la volonté de préserver une forme d’objectivité à l’expression formelle tout en cherchant à y intégrer la valeur subjective de l’usage. A travers l’étude de textes esthétiques et de théories d’architecture produits en Angleterre durant le XVIIIe siècle et le début du XIXe siècle, nous avons cherché à identifier les différentes solutions proposées par les théoriciens pour parvenir à concilier le sujet et l’objet dans la forme architecturale et ainsi aboutir à une expression qui autorise l’appropriation individuelle tout en satisfaisant à l’impératif du consensus.Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
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Morris, Kathryn 1970. "Geometrical physics : mathematics in the natural philosophy of Thomas Hobbes." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=37789.
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My thesis examines Thomas Hobbes's attempt to develop a mathematical account of nature. I argue that Hobbes's conception of how we should think quantitatively about the world was deeply indebted to the ideas of his ancient and medieval predecessors. These ideas were often amenable to Hobbes's vision of a demonstrative, geometrically-based science. However, he was forced to adapt the ancient and medieval models to the demands of his own thoroughgoing materialism. This hybrid resulted in a distinctive, if only partially successful, approach to the problems of the new mechanical philosophy.
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Billinge, Richard. "Nature, grace and religious liberty in Restoration England." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:18c8815b-4e57-45f5-b2c1-e31314a09d4f.
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This thesis demonstrates the importance of scholastic philosophy and natural law to the theory of religious uniformity and toleration in Seventeenth-Century England. Some of the most influential apologetic tracts produced by the Church of England, including Richard Hooker's Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity, Robert Sanderson's Ten lectures on humane conscience and Samuel Parker A discourse of ecclesiastical politie are examined and are shown to belong to a common Anglican tradition which emphasized aspects of scholastic natural law theory in order to refute pleas for ceremonial diversity and liberty of conscience. The relationship of these ideas to those of Hobbes and Locke are also explored. Studies of Seventeenth-Century ideas about conformity and toleration have often stressed the reverence people showed the individual conscience, and the weight they attributed to the examples of the magistrates of Israel and Judah. Yet arguments for and against uniformity and toleration might instead resolve themselves into disputes about the role of natural law within society, or the power of human laws over the conscience. In this the debate about religious uniformity could acquire a very philosophical and sometimes theological tone. Important but technical questions about moral obligation, metaphysics and theology are demonstrated to have played an important role in shaping perceptions of magisterial power over religion. These ideas are traced back to their roots in scholastic philosophy and the Summa of Aquinas. Scholastic theories about conscience, law, the virtues, human action and the distinction between nature and grace are shown to have animated certain of the Church's more influential apologists and their dissenting opponents. The kind of discourse surrounding toleration and liberty of conscience is thus shown to be very different than sometimes supposed. Perceptions of civil and ecclesiastical power were governed by a set of ideas and concerns that have hitherto not featured prominently in the literature about the development of religious toleration.
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Swanick, Lois Ann. "An analysis of navigational instruments in the Age of Exploration: 15th century to mid-17th century." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3235.
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During the Age of Exploration, navigation evolved from a field filled with superstition into a modern science in Portugal, Spain, and England. The most common navigation instruments utilized and their subsequent innovations are discussed. The refinement of these instruments led to increased accuracy in cartography, safer shipping, and increased trade globally in the period. In order to have the most comprehensive collection of navigation instruments, I investigated 165 shipwrecks dated between 1500 and 1700. Each of these vessels have been located, surveyed, and/or excavated in whole or in part. A comprehensive list of these vessels, compiled for the first time, has been included. This thesis analyzes navigation-related artifacts recovered from 27 of these shipwreck sites. These instruments provide the basis to develop a typology for archaeologists to more closely date these finds. The navigation instruments recovered from the wreck of LaBelle (1686) are discussed in detail. These instruments and related historical documents kept by the navigator provide a more comprehensive picture of the instruments accuracy and usefulness. This thesis particularly focuses on the nocturnal/planisphere recovered from the site. This unique instrument is one of only four known to exist worldwide and remains accurate enough to be utilized today. Analysis by a modern astronomer has been included, as well as a partial translation of the common names for constellations inscribed on the instrument. These common names provide some important insights into the received knowledge of sailors and non-academic astronomy during this period. It is hoped that this thesis will be of assistance to archaeologists working to identify, study, and appreciate navigational instruments recovered from shipwrecks. With increased documentation and closer dating, these instruments will become a more valuable portion of the archaeological record.
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Shillito, Alex Benjamin. "How the Heart Became Muscle: From René Descartes to Nicholas Steno." Scholar Commons, 2019. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7939.
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This dissertation addresses the heartbeat and the systems of natural philosophy that were used to explain it in the 17th century. Thus, I work in two domains of explanation. The first domain is physiology, in which William Harvey correctly ordered the heart’s systolic and diastolic motions, while René Descartes incorrectly reversed them. By looking at Harvey and Descartes’ more complete physiological models I reconsider the controversy that spun out of their divergent accounts. The second domain is the junction of physics and metaphysics, representing the frameworks of natural philosophy behind physiology. I argue that Harvey’s physiology was correct while his supporting principles were “wrong,” and Descartes’ physiology was incorrect while his supporting principles were “right.” Thus, my thesis is that Harvey was “right” but perhaps for the wrong reasons, while Descartes was “wrong” but perhaps for the right reasons. Of course, this judgement is made from a contemporary perspective. By using a contextualist approach to history, I aim to show how the controversy between Harvey and Descartes resolved in Nicolas Steno, when he discovered that the heart is a muscle.
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Spencer, Justina. "Peeping in, peering out : monocularity and early modern vision." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b8854565-ce57-4c83-9cdb-64249d171142.
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One of the central theoretical tenets of linear perspective is that it is based upon the idea of a monocular observer. Our lived perception, also referred to in the Renaissance as perspectiva naturalis, is always rooted in binocular vision, however, the guidelines for perspectiva artificialis often imply a single peeping eye as a starting point. In the early modern period, a number of rare art forms and instruments follow the prescriptive character of linear perspective to ludic ends. By focusing on this special class of what I would call 'monocular art forms', I will analyse the extent to which the perspectival method has been successfully applied in material form beyond the classic two-dimensional paintings. This special class of objects include: anamorphosis, peep-boxes, catoptrics, dioptric perspective tubes, and perspective instruments. It is my intention to draw attention to the different ways traditional perspectival paintings, exceptional cases such as perspective boxes and anamorphoses, and optical devices were encountered in the early modern period. In this thesis I will be examining the specific sites of each case study in depth so as to describe the various contexts - aristocratic, intellectual, religious - in which these items circulated. In Chapter 1 I illustrate a special class of perspective and anamorphic designs that confined their illusions to a peepshow. Chapter 2 examines one of the most consummate applications of the monocular principle of perspective: seventeenth-century Dutch perspective boxes. In Chapter 3, monocular catoptric designs are studied in light of the vogue for mirror cabinets in the seventeenth century. Chapter 4 examines the innovative techniques of drawing machines and their collection in early modern courts through close study of the 'perspectograph'.
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Griffith, Tyler James. "Seeing Race| Techniques of Vision and Human Difference in the Eighteenth Century." Thesis, Yale University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3663481.
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This dissertation examines the importance of geography, performance, and microscopy in the construction of theories of human difference in Europe in the eighteenth century, with a particular focus on "fringe groups" such as albinos with black parents and individuals with complexion disorders. It joins a growing discussion in history, the history of science and medicine, and critical racial theory about the social and philosophic bases of early-modern human taxonomic schemas. Collectively, the fields analyzed in this study share a common conceptual root in their dependence on transferable physical processes—techniques—as much as on the intellectual frameworks investing those gestures with meaning. The necessarily embodied processes of exploration, spectatorship, and microscopic visual analysis produced discrete ways of seeing human difference which influenced the conclusions that natural philosophers reached through those embodied experiences. Marginal groups of individuals with unexpected or "abnormal" complexions drew a disproportionate amount of attention in the eighteenth century, because they were not easily identifiable with pre-existing conceptions of human difference and consequently provided a strong impetus to reconsider those epistemic categories. Overwhelmingly, the perspectives of eighteenth-century natural philosophers were profoundly non-racial in nature; instead, they drew upon ideas as varied as monstrosity, morality, self-analysis, dramatic tragedy, entertainment, and imagination to position experiences of unexpected human diversity in a distinctly valuative and sensational understanding of human difference. Through the interrogation of new and underutilized sources, this dissertation argues for an enrichment of our understanding of the "history of race" by taking into account the diversity of the physical techniques that were used by eighteenth century thinkers to arrive at ideas about human difference, while simultaneously demonstrating the centrality of hitherto understudied groups—such as albinos with black parents—in the formulation of systems of human difference.
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Walmsley, Jonathan Craig. "John Locke's natural philosophy (1632-1671)." Thesis, Boston Spa, U.K. : British Library Document Supply Centre, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.286485.
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Perinetti, Dario. "Hume, history and the science of human nature." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38509.
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This thesis sets out to show that a philosophical reflection on history is, in the strongest possible way, an essential feature of Hume's project of a science of human nature: a philosophical investigation of human nature, for Hume, cannot be successful independently of an understanding of the relation of human beings to their history. Hume intended to criticize traditional metaphysics by referring all knowledge to experience. But it is almost always assumed that Hume means by "experience" the result of an individual's past sense perception or personal observation. Accordingly, Hume's criticism of traditional metaphysics is taken to lead to an individualistic conception of knowledge and human nature. In this thesis I claim that this picture of Hume's "empiricism" is simply wrong. He is not a philosopher who reduces "experience" to the merely private happenings within a personal psychology. On the contrary, Hume has a wider notion of experience, one that includes not only personal observation and memory, but, fundamentally, one that includes implicit knowledge of human history. Experience, so understood, brings about what I term a historical point of view, namely, the point of view of someone who seeks to extend his experience as far as it is possible in order to acquire the capacity to produce more nuanced and impartial judgments in any given practice. It is precisely this historical point of view that enables us to depart from the individualistic perspective that we would otherwise be bound to adopt not only in epistemology but, most significantly, in politics, in social life, in religion, etc.Chapter 1 presents the historical background against which Hume elaborates his views of history's role in philosophy. Chapter 2 discusses and criticizes the individualist reading of Hume by showing that he had a satisfactory account of beliefs formed via human testimony. Chapter 3 presents a view of Hume on explanation that underscores his interest in practical and informal explanations as those of history. Chapter 4 provides a discussion of Hume's notion of historical experience in relation both to his theory of perception and to his project of a "science of man."
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Keith, Matthew E. "The logistics of power Tokugawa response to the Shimabara Rebellion and power projection in 17th-century Japan /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1164741756.
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Rankin, Deana Margaret. "The art of war : military writing in Ireland in the mid seventeenth century." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:bd3cb104-bc7a-49b1-981c-d3fbecb3819e.
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'The Art of War' studies the transition of the soldier from fighter to settler as it is reflected in the texts he produces. Drawing on texts written by soldiers, in English, between c. 1624 and 1685, it focuses on representations of events in Ireland from 1641-1655, that is to say, during the Catholic Confederation and the Cromwellian campaigns and settlement. The focus and methodology of the thesis seek to restore a more literary reading of seventeenth century texts from, and about, Ireland to the current vibrant historical debate on the period. It argues that the writings of the Old Irish, Old English, New English, and Cromwellian soldiers in Ireland draw on a variety of literary influences – the traces of Guicciardini and Machiavelli, Sidney and Spenser are clear. It also charts shifts in the genres of military writing from professional handbooks, to documents of civil policy, to romance, poetry, and the theatre. In doing so, it addresses the literary tools which the soldier-writer uses to define the self within a complex network of political, national, religious, and personal allegiances. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first, chapter one, explores the trafficking of military images between military handbook and literary text. It pays particular attention to Ireland as a borderland for the European Wars and the English colonial enterprise. The second part, comprising three chapters, examines three different perspectives on the Irish Wars. The first, that of the Old English writer Richard Sellings; the second, that of the anonymous Aphorismical Discovery; the third begins with a view of the 'Irish enemy' from England, as it is constructed and enforced in the pamphlet literature of the Civil War period, and ends with the perspective of Richard Lawrence, a Cromwellian soldier-turned-settler in the early 1680s. The third part, the fifth and final chapter, explores the controversies surrounding recent Irish history as they are played out in the wake of the Exclusion Crisis. This is followed by a brief conclusion.
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Vileno, Anna Maria. "A l'ombre de la kabbale: philologie et ésotérisme au XVIIe siècle dans l'oeuvre de Christian Knorr de Rosenroth." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209259.
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My doctoral thesis focuses on the Christian Kabbalah and its relationship with its Jewish counterpart during the seventeenth century. I work especially on a Christian Kabbalist of the late 17th century, Christian Knorr von Rosenroth and his anthology of Christian Kabbalah called the "Kabbala Denudata." The work reflects the philosophical and religious debates of the 17th century (through Knorr’s collaboration with Henry More and the Belgian alchemist Francis Mercury van Helmont), includes many translations of works of Lurianic Kabbalah and a bilingual edition (Aramaic - Latin) of the Zohar. On one hand, the study of "Kabbala Denudata" sheds light on how the Lurianic Kabbalah was received in Europe in the 17th century. On the other hand, the anthology attests of a practice of "perennial philosophy" which is a continuation of the Renaissance thought. Through the use of symbolism, the author elaborates a new form of relationship with the religious orthodoxy of his time and paved the way to a deeper understanding of religious otherness. My research takes place both in the field of the study of Jewish-Christian relations and of the the study of western esotericism. / Ma thèse de doctorat porte sur la kabbale chrétienne et sur ses rapports avec son homologue juive au 17e siècle. Je travaille en particulier sur un kabbaliste chrétien de la fin du 17e siècle, Christian Knorr von Rosenroth et son anthologie de kabbale chrétienne intitulée la "Kabbala denudata". L’œuvre reflète les débats philosophiques et religieux du 17e siècle (avec notamment des collaborations d’Henry More et de l’alchimiste belge François Mercure van Helmont), comporte de nombreuses traductions d’ouvrages de kabbale lourianique ainsi qu’une édition bilingue (araméen - latin) du Zohar. D’une part, l’étude de la "Kabbala denudata" permet de mieux comprendre la manière dont la kabbale lourianique a été reçue en Europe au 17e siècle. D’autre part, l’anthologie atteste d’une pratique de la "philosophia perennis" qui s’inscrit dans le prolongement de la Renaissance. À travers la pratique du symbolisme, l’auteur construit une nouvelle forme de rapports avec l’orthodoxie religieuse de son temps et ouvre la voie à une compréhension approfondie de l’altérité religieuse. Mes recherches s’inscrivent tant dans le domaine de l’étude des relations judéo-chrétiennes que de l’étude de l’ésotérisme.
Doctorat en Philosophie
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Smith, Kelly M. "The Science of Astrology: Schreibkalender, Natural Philosophy, and Everyday Life in the Seventeenth-Century German Lands." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1522057810431579.
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Dwiggins, John L. "“Called From the Calm Retreats of Science”: Science, Community, and the Scientific Community in America, 1840–1870." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1146672287.
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Barker, Ryan. "For Natural Philosophy and Empire: Banks, Cook, and the Construction of Science and Empire in the Late Eighteenth Century." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3551.
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Using part of James Cook’s first voyage of discovery in which he explored the Australian coast, and Joseph Banks’s 1772 voyage to Iceland as case studies, this thesis argues that late eighteenth-century travelers used scientific voyages to present audiences at home with a new understanding and scientific language in which to interpret foreign places and peoples. As a result, scientific travelers were directly influential not only in the creation of new forms of knowledge and intellectual frameworks, but they helped direct the shape and formation of the Empire. The thesis explores the interplay between institutional influence and individual agency in both journeys. As a result, it will argue that the scientific voyages that were most influential in the imperial process were those directed and funded by the state.
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Temelini, Michael. "Seeing things differently : Wittgenstein and social and political philosophy." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35950.
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This thesis calls into question a currently orthodox view of Ludwig Wittgenstein's post-Tractarian philosophy. This view is that the social and political implications of Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations are conservative and relativist. That is, Wittgenstein's concepts such as 'forms of life', 'language-games' and 'rule-following' defend and promote: a rule-determined and context-determined rationality; or an incomparable community-determined human understanding; or a neutralist, nonrevisionary, private or uncritical social and political philosophy.In order to challenge and correct this conventional understanding the thesis sets up as 'objects of comparison' a variety of very different examples of the use of Wittgenstein in social and political philosophy. These uses are neither relativist nor conservative and they situate understanding and critical reflection in the practices of comparison and dialogue. The examples of this 'comparative-dialogical' Wittgensteinian approach are found in the works of three contemporary philosophers: Thomas L. Kuhn, Quentin Skinner and Charles Taylor.
This study employs the technique of a survey rather than undertaking a uniquely textual analysis because it is less convincing to suggest that Wittgenstein's concepts might be used in these unfamiliar ways than to show that they have been put to these unfamiliar uses. Therefore I turn not to a Wittgensteinian ideal but to examples of the 'comparative-dialogical' uses of Wittgenstein. In so doing I am following Wittgenstein's insight in section 208 of the Philosophical Investigations: "I shall teach him to use the words by means of examples and by practice. And when I do this, I do not communicate less to him than I know myself." Thus it will be in a survey of various uses and applications of Wittgenstein's concepts and techniques that I will show that I and others understand them.
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Guidi, Anastasia. "Astronomia nova : a historia da guerra contra Marte como exposição do metodo astronomico de Kepler." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280329.
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Orientador: Fatima Regina Rodrigues EvoraTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T00:17:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Guidi_Anastasia_D.pdf: 6241137 bytes, checksum: 54d0582388b5996406055e21750d086f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006
Resumo: Apresentamos aqui um estudo da Astronomia nova, trabalho publicado pelo astrônomo alemão Johannes Kepler em 1609. O livro é composto na forma de uma narrativa histórica daquela que o astrônomo chamou sua guerra contra Marte, trabalho exaustivo de análise e interpretação dos dados previamente coletados pelo grande observador Tycho Brahe que teve como resultado a descoberta das duas primeiras leis dos movimentos planetários que levam o nome de Kepler. Mostramos que, à luz da Defesa de Tycho contra Ursus, tratado póstumo escrito por Kepler cerca de uma década antes da publicação da Astronomia nova, a estrutura narrativa desta última revela-se como a exposição de um método de pesquisa, segundo o qual o astrônomo percorreu o caminho que leva dos movimentos observados do planeta à determinação de seu percurso real em torno do Sol. Procuramos destacar os principais elementos constituintes deste método, reconstruindo o caminho que leva à descoberta da forma elíptica da órbita do planeta
Abstract: We present an exposition on the New astronomy, published by the german astronomer Johannes Kepler in 1609. The book is composed in the form of a historical narrative of Kepler's war on Mars, exhaustive work of analysis and interpretation of data relative to the planet previously collected by the great obderver Tycho Brahe, which resulted on the discovery of the two first laws of planetary motion that bear Kepler¿s name. We have shown here that in light of Tycho¿s defence against Ursus, posthumous work written by Kepler about a decade before the publication of the New astronomy, the historical narrative presented in the latter is the blueprint of a method, by means of which the astronomer derived the true orbit of Mars around the Sun from the observed motions of the planet. We have attempted to provide an account of the main elements of this method, reconstructing the path that leads to the discovery of the elliptical shape of the planet's orbit
Doutorado
Doutor em Filosofia
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DeYoung, Ursula. "The invention of the scientist : John Tyndall and the fight for scientific authority, 1850-1900." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670013.
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Villemaire, Diane Elizabeth Davis. "The methaphysical foundations of modern physical science : a window on the life and work of E. A. Burtt, twentieth-century pragmatist and postmodernthinker." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35954.
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E. A. Burtt's The Metaphysical Foundations of Modern Physical Science (1924) has been described by H. Floris Cohen, writing on the historiography of the Scientific Revolution in 1994, as the "individual thought of an individual thinker...beyond philosophical or historical currents or fashion." The book is something of a puzzle within the context of American twentieth-century intellectual history and more specifically, of the philosophy and history of science of North America and Europe.Burtt's inter-disciplinary study---as it would be called today---has proved to be both pioneering and prophetic in its rejection of both scientism and positivism. The thesis examines the author's novel interpretation of Isaac Newton's achievement, as well as that of Newton's predecessors in the Scientific Revolution. Burtt's singular view of the rise of modern science from religious underpinnings was, for the most part, either misunderstood or ignored at the time. In fact, the whole idea of a Scientific Revolution was only introduced into the curriculum at leading American universities following the Second World War, in response to Herbert Butterfield and Alexandre Koyre, both of whom owe unacknowledged debts to Burtt.
The Metaphysical Foundations was conceived in the progressive era of the 1920s, the latter part of the "Golden Age" in American philosophy. The thesis examines the role of innovating intellects such as John Dewey, James Harvey Robinson, and Morris R. Cohen in shaping Burtt's view, described against the background of his studies at Columbia university. Under the sway of pragmatic naturalism, Burtt's interpretation of Newton was part of a grand scheme to develop a new philosophy of mind which he intended would overcome the problems of Cartesian dualism.
The dissertation concludes with an extended analysis of Burtt's public, academic, and personal life based upon archives, correspondence and interviews with those who remember him. It considers his politics of conscience during the Cold War and concludes that integrity combined with the relentless search for philosophic understanding drove his more exotic philosophical quests and steered his personal life, including its tragic dimension, toward simple virtues.
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L'herrou, Bradley. "Experimental Reporting and Networks of Political Information: Lorenzo Magalotti's Framing of Courts and Nature." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5725.
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This thesis explores changes in experimental reporting during the scientific revolution of the seventeenth century. In particular, I examine and compare some of the works of Count Lorenzo Magalotti, namely the Saggi di Naturali Esperienza or Essays on Natural Experiments and the Relazione d'Inghilterra. In 1667, as secretary of the Accademia del Cimento – the Tuscan experimental academy founded in 1657 – Magalotti (1637-1712) authored the Saggi, a collection of experimental reports. These reports included extensive written descriptions of experiments along with dozens of engravings depicting the instruments custom-made for the experiments. Magalotti also served as ambassador and agent of the Tuscan court and in the same year he traveled to England to offer a copy of the Saggi to King Charles II. While in England, Magalotti corresponded extensively with Prince Leopold and with the future grand duke, Cosimo III, reporting his observations of the English court: descriptions of political, military, and intellectual life at the court of Charles II. Magalotti’s account of his experience was compiled as Relazione d'Inghilterra in 1669. My work shows that the Saggi and the Relazione, although different in their content, emerged from the same historical context. I argue that the way information was conceived and organized, whether it originated from experimental practices (Saggi) or diplomatic actions (Relazione), changed over the course of the seventeenth century. Experimental reporting, like political reporting, became parceled into small, discrete units suited for high rates of information exchange.
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Read, Nicole Elizabeth. "The Adolescence of France: Teaching for Historical Empathy." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1241050971.
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Lanier-Shipp, Elizabeth. "Investigating Nature: John Bartram's Evolution as a Man of Science." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1180703760.
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Barr, Kara Elizabeth. "“In Search of Truth Alone”: John Locke’s Exile in Holland." Walsh University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=walshhonors1240525958.
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Stone, Villani Nicolas. "The dissolution of constitutions : Aristotle in Italian political thought from Niccolò Machiavelli to Giovanni Botero." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:600663d5-b566-46c0-8a7a-418fca1d635b.
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This thesis studies the reception of Aristotle's political thought in sixteenth-century Italy. It focuses on Aristotle's discussion of the dissolution of constitutions in Book 5 of the Politics and aims to show how Aristotle's political thought remained central to late Renaissance political discourse. No comprehensive study of the topic exists. Modern historiography on Renaissance political thought generally downplays the importance of Aristotle in the history of sixteenth-century Italian political thought and emphasises the Roman tradition over the Greek. This research aims to fill the gap in modern scholarship and revise modern interpretation of Renaissance political theory. This thesis is essentially divided into three parts, each part containing two chapters. Part I is largely introductory. Chapter 1 offers a historiographical review of modern scholarship on the reception of Aristotle in the Renaissance and early-modern political thought. Chapter 2 explores the revival of Greek studies in the fifteenth century and the changing perception of Aristotle's Politics in the Renaissance. Part II focuses on Aristotle and Machiavelli. Chapter 3 examines the similarities between Aristotle's analysis of the means of preserving tyranny and Machiavelli's discussion of how to mantenere lo stato in The Prince. Chapter 4 explores the effects that these similarities between Aristotle and Machiavelli had on the reception of Aristotle in Renaissance political thought. Part III centres on Aristotle in the republican and vernacular traditions. Chapter 5 explains the importance of Aristotle's discussion of the dissolution of constitutions to Renaissance republican political thought. Chapter 6 underlines the continuous relevance of Aristotle's Politics in the second half of the sixteenth century. The conclusion sums up the central argument of each chapter and invites us to explore the influence of Aristotle on reason of state literature.
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Morton, Jonathan Simon. "The Roman de la Rose : nature, sex, and language in thirteenth-century poetry and philosophy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6e179c13-9046-44d3-801c-9cb12eb28229.
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Jean de Meun's continuation of the Roman de la rose (The Romance of the Rose), written in Paris in the 1270s, presents a vast amount of philosophy and natural science in vernacular poetry, while engaging thoroughly with contemporary, local philosophical and institutional debates. Taking this into consideration, this study investigates how the Rose depends for its meaning on questions around human nature, natural philosophy, and the philosophy of language that were being discussed and debated in the University of Paris at the time of its composition. It suggests a reading of the poem as a work of philosophy that uses Aristotelian ideas of nature and what is natural to present a moral framework – at times explicitly, at times implicitly – within which to assess and critique human behaviour. The concepts of the unnatural and the artificial are used to discuss sin and its effects on sexuality – a key concern of the Rose – and on language. The Rose is shown to present itself as artificial and compromised, yet nevertheless capable of leading imperfect and compromised humans to moral behaviour and towards knowledge which can only ever be imperfect. It is read as a presenting a rhetorical kind of philosophy that is sui generis and that appeals to human desire as well as to the intellect. The specific issue of usury and its relation to avarice is examined, studying contemporary theological and philosophical treatments of the question, in order to illustrate similarities and contrasts in the Rose's theoretical methodology to more orthodox modes of philosophical enquiry. Finally, the poem's valorisation of pleasure and of the perversity inherent in artificial productions is explored to show how poetry, though deviating from the strictures of dialectical language, is nevertheless productive and generative.
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Jones, Jared. "Winging It: Human Flight in the Long Eighteenth Century." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1565963832584991.
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Humphris, Teneille Patricia. "On the Origins of the Modern Concept of Syphilis: Eighteenth Century Debate, Ludwik Fleck, and the Enlightenment." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Social and Political Sciences, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8443.
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The enlightenment period is often considered a dark age within the history of medicine. Contrary to this sentiment, I argue that the enlightenment spirit of inquiry regarding venereal disease was vibrant, dynamic, and profoundly influenced how syphilis was understood in the subsequent century. Historiography frequently minimises advances of medical knowledge made in the eighteenth century by focusing on the inefficacy of treatments, rather than on developments in medical theories and concepts. This thesis attends to this gap by examining a case study within venereology to demonstrate that physicians engaging in public debate significantly advanced knowledge of syphilis. In doing so, this counters a historiographical trend that claims that French physician Philippe Ricord (1800-1889) was the first to distinguish syphilis from gonorrhoea in the nineteenth century. It uses historical evidence to show that the nature of syphilis was debated throughout the preceding centuries and that this distinction was clearly established in 1793 by Scottish surgeon, Benjamin Bell (1749-1806). This thesis uses the epistemic concepts devised by Ludwik Fleck in his Genesis and Development of a Scientific Fact (1979 [1935]) to illustrate how enlightenment ways of thinking substantially contributed to the development of modern medicine. This thesis therefore invites a reconsideration of the era, not as a dark age, but as a rich period of scientific endeavour.
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Carvalho, Francisco de Assis Moreno de. "Jacob Rosales/Manoel Bocarro Francês: judaísmo, sebastianismo, medicina e ciência na vida intelectual de um médico judeu português do século XVII." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8152/tde-01062012-181647/.
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O objetivo deste trabalho é abordar a produção intelectual de um médico judeu português, Manoel Bocarro Francês/Jacob Rosales. Personagem pouco estudado, não se inclui entre as figuras centrais no pensamento judaico, nem na medicina e nem na ciência de seu tempo. Mas é um personagem que uniu em sua vida intelectual uma adesão ao judaísmo ao lado de vasta produção e atuação no movimento sebastianista, sendo o único caso conhecido de um judeu que professava sua crença na volta do Encoberto Conviveu e partilhou sua atividade intelectual com grandes figuras de seu tempo, como Galileu Galilei, o famoso médico Zacuto Lusitano e o rabino Menashe ben Israel. Seus escritos eram conhecidos pelo padre Antônio Vieira e a influência dos mesmos no sebastianismo se fizeram sentir em Portugal até o século XIX. Trazer um retrato vivo deste personagem, de suas ideias, contradições e discutir seu lugar na vida intelectual, quer do mundo judaico de sua época quer na história da medicina e do pensamento científico do século XVII, é o objetivo deste trabalho.This study aims to discuss a Jewish-Portuguese physician, Manoel Bocarro Frances / Jacob Rosales. A figure who has not been much studied, he is not included among the central characters of the Jewish thinking and neither of the medicine or the science of his time. However, he is a figure that gathered in his intellectual life an adherence to the Judaism and a large production and participation in the Sebastian Moviment, being the only known Jewish man who professed his belief in the return of \"The Hidden One\". He shared his intelectual activity with great figures of his time, like Galileu Galilei, the famous physician Zacuto Lusitano and the rabbi Menashe Ben Israel. His writings were known by priest Antonio Vieira, and their influence was felt in Portugal until the XIX century. Bringing a live portrait of this figure, his ideias, his contradicitons, and discussing his role in the intellectual life, being that in the Jewish world of his time, or in the history of the XVII century medicine and scientific thinking, is the goal of this research.
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Hill, Mark J. "Founding and re-founding : a problem in Rousseau's political thought and action." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b41e1417-05c9-4c46-bcad-f0f0bdc83dde.
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protein chemistry, unnatural amino acids, chemical biology, proteomicsThe foundation of political societies is a central theme in Rousseau's work. This is no surprise coming from a man who was born into a people who had their own celebrated founder and foundations, and immersed himself in the writings of classical republicans and the quasi-mythical histories of ancient city-states where the heroic lawgiver played an important and legitimate role in political foundations. However, Rousseau's propositional political writings (those written for Geneva, Corsica, and Poland) have been accused of being unsystematic and running the spectrum from conservative and prudent to radical and utopian. It is this seeming incongruence which is the subject of this thesis. In particular, it is argued that this confusion is born out the failure to recognize a systematic distinction between "founding" and "re-founding" political societies in both the history of political thought, and Rousseau's own work (a distinction in Rousseau which has rarely been noted, let alone treated to a study of its own). By recognizing this distinction one can identify two Rousseaus; the conservative and prudent thinker who is wary of making changes to established political systems and constitutional foundations (the re-founder), and the radical democrat fighting for equality, and claiming that no state is legitimate without popular sovereignty (the founder). In demonstrating this distinction, this thesis examines the ancient concept of the lawgiver, the growth and expansion of the idea leading up to the eighteenth century, Rousseau's own philosophic writings on the topic, and the differing political proposals he wrote for Geneva, Corsica, and Poland. The thesis argues that although there is a clear separation between these two types of political proposals, they remain systematically Rousseauvian.
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Tatum, Brian Shane. "Rearranging an Infinite Universe: Literary Misprision and Manipulations of Space and Time, 1750-1850." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1404533/.
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This project explores the intersection of literature and science from the mid-eighteenth century to the mid-nineteenth century in the context of this shift in conceptions of space and time. Confronted with the rapid and immense expansion of space and time, eighteenth and nineteenth-century philosophers and authors sought to locate humans' relative position in the vast void. Furthermore, their attempts to spatially and temporally map the universe led to changes in perceptions of the relationship between the exterior world and the interior self. In this dissertation I focus on a few important textual monuments that serve as landmarks on this journey. During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the intersection of literary and scientific texts transformed perceptions of space and time. These transformations then led to further advancements in the way scientific knowledge was articulated. Imagination became central to scientific writing at the same time it came to dominate literary writing. My project explores these intersecting influences among literature, astronomy, cosmology, and geology, on the perceptions of expanding space and time.
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Bellettato, Rafael Donisete. "Terras, pedras, sucos concretos e metais: Edward Jorden e a composição das águas minerais." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2013. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/13279.
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Previous issue date: 2013-06-04Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
The purpose of this dissertation is the study of some chemical aspects discussed by Edward Jorden (1569-1633), during the analysis of mineral waters in the beginning of the 17th century. An historical of mineral waters analysis, and proposals on the classification of minerals are also considered on this work. The theme was chosen after the contact with Jorden s work, during the research about the identification test for salts and sowre juices made by the author, and realized the amount of information about the chemical knowledge of the period in his work. Due the importance of the test with the scarlet cloath indicator, a historical of the indicators with color changes was made. In this work, we gave priority to the concept and classifications of the minerals given by Jorden, using as base the 1633 edition of his Discourse of Naturall Bathes and Minerall Waters
Esta dissertação estuda alguns aspectos químicos abordados por Edward Jorden (1569-1633) na análise de águas minerais no início do século XVII. Para tanto, foram revistos os históricos da análise de águas minerais à época, assim como algumas idéias sobre a classificação dos minerais. Esse tema foi escolhido após o contato com a obra ao analisar o teste para identificação de sais e sucos azedos utilizados pelo autor, e perceber a quantidade de informações sobre o conhecimento químico do período presente em seu trabalho. Devido à importância do teste com o indicador de tecido escarlate, foi realizado um histórico do uso de indicadores com mudança de cor. Neste trabalho, priorizamos o conceito e a classificação dos minerais dados por Jorden, utilizando como base a edição de 1633 de seu Discourse of Naurall Bathes and Minerall Waters
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Stuart-Buttle, Tim. "Classicism, Christianity and Ciceronian academic scepticism from Locke to Hume, c.1660-c.1760." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a181f810-9637-4b70-a147-ea9444a54cd5.
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This study explores the rediscovery and development of a tradition of Ciceronian academic scepticism in British philosophy between c.1660-c.1760. It considers this tradition alongside two others, recently recovered by scholars, which were recognised by contemporaries to offer opposing visions of man, God and the origins of society: the Augustinian-Epicurean, and the neo-Stoic. It presents John Locke, Conyers Middleton and David Hume as the leading figures in the revival of the tradition of academic scepticism. It considers their works in relation to those of Anthony Ashley Cooper, third earl of Shaftesbury, and Bernard Mandeville, whose writings refashioned respectively the neo-Stoic and Augustinian-Epicurean traditions in influential ways. These five individuals explicitly identified themselves with these late Hellenistic philosophical traditions, and sought to contest and redefine conventional estimations of their meaning and significance. This thesis recovers this debate, which illuminates our understanding of the development of the ‘science of man’ in Britain. Cicero was a central figure in Locke’s attempt to explain, against Hobbes, the origins of society and moral consensus independent of political authority. Locke was a theorist of societies, religious and civil. He provided a naturalistic explanation of moral motivation and sociability which, drawing heavily from Cicero, emphasised the importance of men’s concern for the opinions of others. Locke set this within a Christian divine teleology. It was Locke’s theologically-grounded treatment of moral obligation, and his attack on Stoic moral philosophy, that led to Shaftesbury’s attempt to vindicate Stoicism. This was met by Mandeville’s profoundly Epicurean response. The consequences of the neo-Epicurean and neo-Stoic traditions for Christianity were explored by Middleton, who argued that only academic scepticism was consistent with Christian belief. Hume explored the relationship between morality and religion with continual reference to Cicero. He did so, in contrast to Locke or Middleton, to banish entirely moral theology from philosophy.
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Raterman, Jacob Stuart. "(Mi)lieux critiques : Hybridité et hétérotopie dans La Curée et Au Bonheur des Dames." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1438208762.
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Nicolae, Daniel Sebastian. "A mediaeval court physician at work : Ibn Jumay''s commentary on the Canon of Medicine." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e8e53786-7e15-4cf9-928b-dd492a740acd.
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Ibn Jumay''s (d. c. 594/1198) commentary on the Canon of Medicine by Ibn Sīnā (d. 428/1037) occupies an important place in the history of medicine for it is the first Canon commentary written by a physician and thus stands at the start of a tradition extending over 500 years. In addition, it is a so-far neglected source for our understanding of mediaeval Islamic medicine. The present thesis analyses the commentary with the aims of (1) determining the methods by which the court physician composed his treatise and (2) understanding why Ibn Jumay' undertook to prepare a commentary on one of the most thorough medical compendia of the middle ages. Chapter One presents the biography of Ibn Jumay', reveals that his religion had little impact on his writings and surveys his library which played a pivotal role in the composition of the commentary. Chapter Two investigates Ibn Jumay''s methodology in the entire commentary; it reveals that with his philological and source-critical methods Ibn Jumay' wanted to establish an authoritative reading of the Canon and to demonstrate the high degree of his erudition. Chapter Three focuses on selected passages in the commentary in form of three case studies. Ibn Jumay''s comments on anatomy/dissection, assorted materia medica and headaches demonstrate the court physician’s reverence for ancient authorities and his quest to revive and refine their teachings. Chapter Four contextualises Ibn Jumay''s methods and agenda by comparing them to those of other relevant scholars of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. The thesis concludes by arguing that Ibn Jumay''s commentary was part of his revival of the art of medicine and his attempt to gain power in the medical tradition by attaching his name to one of the greatest scholars of his time — the ra'īs Ibn Sīnā.
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Rudbøg, Tim. "H.P. Blavatsky's Theosophy in context : the construction of meaning in modern Western esotericism." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/9926.
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H.P. Blavatsky’s (1831-1891) Theosophy has been defined as central to the history of modern Western spirituality and esotericism, yet to this date no major study has mapped and analysed the major themes of Blavatsky’s writings, how Blavatsky used the concept ‘Theosophy’ or to what extent she was engaged with the intellectual contexts of her time. Thus the purpose of this thesis is to fill this gap. The proposed theoretical framework is based on the centrality of language in the production of intellectual products, such as texts—but contrary to the dominant focus on strategies, rhetoric and power this thesis will focus on the construction of meaning coupled with a set of methodological tools based on contextual analysis, intellectual history and intertextuality. In addition to an overview of Blavatsky research this thesis will map and analyse Blavatsky’s use of the concept ‘Theosophy’ as well as Blavatsky’s primary discourses, identified as: (1) discourse for ancient knowledge, (2) discourse against Christian dogmatism, (3) discourse against the modern natural sciences and materialism, (4) discourse against modern spiritualism, (5) discourse for system and (7) discourse for universal brotherhood. In mapping and analysing Blavatsky’s discourses, it was found that her construction of meaning was significantly interconnected with broader intellectual contexts, such as ‘modern historical consciousness’, ‘critical enlightenment ideas’, studies in religion, studies in mythology, the modern sciences, spiritualism, systemic philosophy, reform movements and practical ethics. It, for example, becomes clear that Blavatsky’s search for an ancient ‘Wisdom Religion’ was actually a part of a common intellectual occupation during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and that her critique of the Christian dogmas was equally a common intellectual trend. To read Blavatsky’s discourses as the idiosyncratic strategies of an esotericist, isolated from their larger contexts or only engaged with them in order to legitimise minority views would therefore largely fail to account for the result of this thesis: that in historical actuality, they were a part of the larger cultural web of meaning.
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Vimont, Michael. "The anthropological construction of Czech identity : academic and popular discourses of identity in 20th century Bohemia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:bb316968-60a1-472c-bee4-b8de3af5ebbd.
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Through close textual analysis of 20th century Czech anthropological texts from the Revivalist and Socialist periods and contemporary social research conducted after the Velvet Revolution, I demonstrate certain prominent discourses of identity developed in early Bohemian anthropology and their continuities in present day popular discourses. In each period, identity is deeply intertwined with teleological theories of history with Czech populations at the apex of cultural evolutionary development. In the Revivalist period this apex was believed to be the democratic nation state, transitioning to a Marxist nation state in the Socialist period, and in the contemporary period is conceived of as a neoliberal nation state. A major function of anthropology in the Revivalist and Socialist periods was to legitimate either period’s respective teleological theory and Czech possession of relevant values as 'objective' and 'natural' fact, a general mode of discourse which continued in the contemporary period in numerous editorials in the 1990s on the advantages of capitalism. The contemporary manifestation has particularly noteworthy consequences for the Roma minority, which I argue has provided Czech discourses with an ethnic category 'anti-thetical' to their own identity, providing a 'repository' for negative Czech self-stereotypes emerging from collaboration in the Socialist period.
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Fogelholm, Jens. "Lost in Space : Sökandet efter mening hos människan i Titan A.E." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-339480.
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This thesis deals with the depiction of meaningfulness and meaning-making, as seen in human characters in the 2000 animated science fiction film Titan A.E. (directed by Don Bluth). The analysis aims to show how Titan A.E. portrays a collective humanity in their search for a meaningful existence, given the outer space setting of its story. Evil is also brought up, in the context of how it creates meaning within the main narrative of the story. The emotions expressed by the story's characters are treated as if they were real. Meaningfulness and meaning-making get exemplified in both dialogue and visual components seen in the film. In addition to this, some reflection is made on the promotional trailers of Titan A.E. and how their displayed contents differ from the finished product. In parallel to the main analysis, there is a wider discussion made about the relationship between films and their real-world process of production, especially regarding whether theological reflection and the film industry can intersect or not.
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Silva, Eduardo Rosa da. "Um estudo sobre algumas edições do Tratado da gravura de Abraham Bosse." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2018. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/21275.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Fundação São Paulo - FUNDASP
The objective of this research is to verify, among the traditions related to the treaties and manuals, the pathway of a French treatrise on tecniques of engraving, until Portuguese translation. It will be investigated the relevance of this work translated into Portuguese with the title Tratado da Gravura à Água-Forte e a Buril e em Maneira Negra com o modo de construir as Prensas Modernas e de Imprimir em Talho-Doce (Treatise of Engraving, Etching, and Mezzotint with the way of building the Modern Presses and Printing Copper Plates), by Priest José Joaquim Viegas Menezes and published in 1801 in the Arco do Cego’s Typography, Lisbon. The hypothesis that the Portuguese version is based on De la Manière de Graver à L'eau Forte et au Burin, a treatise on French engraving amplified by Charles Nicolas Cochin and edited in the year 1758, guided this study. This research involved a comparison of Abraham Bosse's original treatise of 1645 with the three subsequent French editions, 1701, 1745, 1758, and the edition produced in Portugal in 1801. The changes and updates in relation to the content and the images were analyzed, verifying that the Portuguese edition of 1801 presents few changes in relation to the French text of 1758
O objetivo desta pesquisa é verificar dentre as tradições relacionadas aos tratados e manuais, o percurso de uma publicação francesa sobre as práticas artesanais da gravura em metal, até sua tradução realizada. Será investigada a relevância dessa obra traduzida para o português com o título, Tratado da Gravura à Água-Forte e a Buril e em Maneira Negra com o modo de construir as Prensas Modernas e de Imprimir em Talho-Doce, pelo Padre José Joaquim Viegas Menezes e publicada em 1801 na Tipografia do Arco do Cego. A hipótese de que a versão portuguesa, se baseia no De la Manière de Graver à L'eau Forte et au Burin, tratado da gravura francês ampliado por Charles Nicolas Cochin e editado no ano de 1758, guiou este estudo. O caminho desta pesquisa envolveu a comparação do tratado original de Abraham Bosse de 1645, com as três edições francesas subsequentes, 1701, 1745, 1758 e a edição produzida em Portugal em 1801. Foram analisadas as mudanças e atualizações em relação ao conteúdo e às imagens, verificando-se que a edição portuguesa de 1801 apresenta poucas alterações em relação ao texto francês de 1758
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Moser, Heather S. "Silencing the Revelry: An Examination of the Moral Panic in 186 BCE and the Political Implications Accompanying the Persecution of the Bacchic Cult in the Roman Republic." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1398073604.
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Reeher, Jennifer M. "“The Despair of the Physician”: Centering Patient Narrative through the Writings of Charlotte Perkins Gilman." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1523435451243392.
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Buchsbaum, Robert Michael III. "The Surprising Role of Legal Traditions in the Rise of Abolitionism in Great Britain’s Development." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1416651480.
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Elkins, Mark. "Religious directives of health, sickness and death : Church teachings on how to be well, how to be ill, and how to die in early modern England." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/16396.
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In broad terms, this thesis is a study of what Protestant theologians in early modern England taught regarding the interdependence between physical health and spirituality. More precisely, it examines the specific and complex doctrines taught regarding health-related issues in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, and evaluates the consistency of these messages over time. A component of the controversial Protestant-science hypothesis introduced in the early twentieth century is that advancements in science were driven by the Protestant ethic of needing to control nature and every aspect therein. This thesis challenges this notion. Within the context of health, sickness and death, the doctrine of providence evident in Protestant soteriology emphasised complete submission to God's sovereign will. Rather, this overriding doctrine negated the need to assume any control. Moreover, this thesis affirms that the directives theologians delivered governing physical health remained consistent across this span, despite radical changes taking place in medicine during the same period. This consistency shows the stability and strength of this message. Each chapter offers a comprehensive analysis on what Protestant theologians taught regarding the health of the body as well as the soul. The inclusion of more than one hundred seventy sermons and religious treatises by as many as one hundred twenty different authors spanning more than two hundred years laid a fertile groundwork for this study. The result of this work provides an extensive survey of theological teachings from these religious writers over a large span of time.
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Tshilumba, Kalombo Muadiamvita Gilbert. "Les idéologies politiques africaines: mythe du pouvoir ou instance du développement ?réflexion épistémologique sur le nationalisme congolais à la lumière de la théorie rawlsienne de la justice." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210475.
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Les idéologies politiques africaines :mythe du pouvoir ou instance du développement ?Réflexion épistémologique sur le nationalisme congolais à la lumière de la théorie rawlsienne de la justice.
Panafricanisme, négritude, consciencisme, socialisme et nationalisme ont eu en gros sur le sol africain, une double mission :-délivrer les pays du joug colonial
sortir ces pays du sous-développement par un travail d’une
-\
Doctorat en Philosophie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Lewis, Elizabeth Faith. "Peter Guthrie Tait : new insights into aspects of his life and work : and associated topics in the history of mathematics." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6330.
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In this thesis I present new insights into aspects of Peter Guthrie Tait's life and work, derived principally from largely-unexplored primary source material: Tait's scrapbook, the Tait–Maxwell school-book and Tait's pocket notebook. By way of associated historical insights, I also come to discuss the innovative and far-reaching mathematics of the elusive Frenchman, C.-V. Mourey. P. G. Tait (1831–1901) F.R.S.E., Professor of Mathematics at the Queen's College, Belfast (1854–1860) and of Natural Philosophy at the University of Edinburgh (1860–1901), was one of the leading physicists and mathematicians in Europe in the nineteenth century. His expertise encompassed the breadth of physical science and mathematics. However, since the nineteenth century he has been unfortunately overlooked—overshadowed, perhaps, by the brilliance of his personal friends, James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879), Sir William Rowan Hamilton (1805–1865) and William Thomson (1824–1907), later Lord Kelvin. Here I present the results of extensive research into the Tait family history. I explore the spiritual aspect of Tait's life in connection with The Unseen Universe (1875) which Tait co-authored with Balfour Stewart (1828–1887). I also reveal Tait's surprising involvement in statistics and give an account of his introduction to complex numbers, as a schoolboy at the Edinburgh Academy. A highlight of the thesis is a re-evaluation of C.-V. Mourey's 1828 work, La Vraie Théorie des quantités négatives et des quantités prétendues imaginaires, which I consider from the perspective of algebraic reform. The thesis also contains: (i) a transcription of an unpublished paper by Hamilton on the fundamental theorem of algebra which was inspired by Mourey and (ii) new biographical information on Mourey.
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Scheu, Julia. "Ut pictura philosophia." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Kultur-, Sozial- und Bildungswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17801.
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Die Untersuchung widmet sich der visuellen Thematisierung autoreferentieller Fragestellungen zur Genese sowie den Grundlagen und Zielen von Malerei in der italienischen Druckgraphik des ausgehenden 16. und 17. Jahrhunderts. Erstmals wird diese bildliche Auseinandersetzung mit abstrakten kunsttheoretischen Inhalten zum zentralen Untersuchungsgegenstand erklärt und anhand von vier hinsichtlich ihrer ikonographischen Dichte herausragenden druckgraphischen Beispielen - Federico Zuccaris Lamento della pittura, Pietro Testas Liceo della pittura, Salvator Rosas Genio di Salvator Rosa und Carlo Marattas Scuola del Disegno – vergleichend analysiert. Neben der Rekonstruktion der Entstehungszusammenhänge befasst sich die Analyse mit dem Verhältnis von Text und Bild, offenen Fragen der Ikonographie, der zeitgenössischen Verlagssituation sowie dem Adressatenkreis und somit schließlich der Motivation für jene komplexen bildlichen Reflexionen über Malerei. Als zentrale Gemeinsamkeit der kunsttheoretischen Blätter, welche im Kontext der römischen Akademiebewegung entstanden sind, konnte das Bestreben, die Malerei im Sinne einer Metawissenschaft über das neuzeitliche Wissenschaftspanorama hinauszuheben, erschlossen werden. Anhand einer umfassenden Neubewertung der einzigartigen Ikonographien wird erstmals aufgezeigt, dass dem Vergleich zwischen Malerei und Philosophie als der Mutter aller Wissenschaften in der visuellen Kunsttheorie des 17. Jahrhunderts eine vollkommen neuartige Bedeutung zukommt. Dieser hat neue Spielräume für die bildliche Definition des künstlerischen Selbstverständnisses eröffnet, die der traditionelle, aus dem Horazschen Diktum „Ut pictura poesis“ hervorgegangene Vergleich zwischen Malerei und Dichtung nicht in ausreichender Form bereit hielt. Folglich thematisiert die vorliegende Untersuchung auch die Frage nach dem spezifischen reflexiven Potenzial des Bildes, seiner medialen Autonomie und seiner möglichen Vorrangstellung gegenüber dem Medium der Sprache.The study deals with the pictorial examination of self-implicating topics relating to the genesis, the fundamentals and the aims of painting by Italian printmaking of the late 16th and 17th century. For the first time, a research is focussed on the pictorial examination of abstract contents of art theory as shown in the selected and compared examples which are extraordinary regarding their iconographical concentration – the Lamento della pittura by Federico Zuccari, the Liceo della pittura by Pierto Testa, the Genio di Salvator Rosa by Salvator Rosa and the Scuola del Disegno by Carlo Maratta. Besides the reconstruction of the history of origins the research is dealing with the relationship of image and text, problems of iconography, the coeval publishing situation as well as the target audience of these prints and finally the motivation for those very complex visual reflections on painting. As essential similarity of those arttheoretical prints, which all araised within the context of the Roman Art Accademy, has been determined the ambition to specify painting as a kind of Meta-science, which is somehow superior to all other modern age sciences. By means of an extensive reevaluation of the unique iconography of every single sheet it became feasible to illustrate that the comparison between painting and philosophy as the origin of the entire spectrum of sciences has attained a completely new dimension within the pictorial art theory of the 17th century. The novel comparison has opened a wider range and diversity for the visual definition of the artists` self-conception compared to the traditional comparison between painting and poetry, as it emerged from the dictum „Ut pictura poesis“ by Horaz. Accordingly the study deals with the question of the particular reflexive capability of images, their medial autonomy and their potential primacy over language.
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Streeter, Michael T. "Romantic Science: Science and Romance as Literary Modes in Sir Kenelm Digby's Loose Fantasies and Two Treatises." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-05-757.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis argues that 17th century polymath Sir Kenelm Digby treats his
scientific discourses as psychological romances in his works Loose Fantasies and Two
Treatises, with his use of courtly romantic tropes, and that a contemporary audience
would have read Digby's scientific treatises as literary. I first argue that science and
romance in Digby's narrative romance Loose Fantasies are literary modes of the text's
narrative form and that these modes are not mutually exclusive, since science is a
"pyschodrama" to Digby, who is both the audience and author of these putative "private
memoirs." I then relate Digby's "romantic science" in Loose Fantasies to his "poetike
Idea of science" in Digby's Two Treatises in order to argue that while the treatise is
traditionally received as a philosophical discourse, it is also a work of literary criticism.
I conclude that Digby's "poetike Idea of science" is always unstable, because Digby
cannot choose between the primacy of language and ideas in human cognition, due to the
rapid rationalistic developments in epistemology during his time.
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"A History of human physiology and 17th c. philosophy: Descartes, Spinoza, and the current state of neuroscience." Tulane University, 2020.
Find full textAbstract:
archives@tulane.eduIn the early 1630s, René Descartes developed a speculative treatise on the functional structures of the human body and brain. His work, The Treatise on Man, constituted the first attempt at a complete human physiology, inspiring a generation of scientists and physicians who developed Descartes’ speculations into a genuine field of scientific inquiry. It is the intent of this discussion to determine how Descartes’ speculations in human physiology influenced the direction of 17th c. European philosophy. The above question is often dismissed by scholars who argue that Descartes abandons scientific pursuits for philosophy, finding that science could not provide the kind of knowledge Descartes craved. In contrast, I argue that the themes that emerge in the Treatise are continually developed by Descartes throughout his philosophic career. This is evident in Meditations on First Philosophy, where Descartes demonstrates a preoccupation with (1) the possible resemblance between sensory ideas and their objects and (2) the independence of our nature as a thinking thing from our nature as a corporeal body, topics of great importance in the Treatise. Descartes’ contemporaries, specifically Spinoza, were influenced by these scientific speculations. In the Ethics, Spinoza identifies Descartes’ account of human nature as the specific view he intends to critique and replace with a novel account of human nature, i.e. the conatus doctrine. While ultimately in disagreement with Descartes, Spinoza freely turns to human physiology to both attack Descartes’ views and construct his own account of human nature. Thus, far from rejecting the place of the human sciences in philosophy, Spinoza embraces it. Finally, as a means of demonstrating the philosophic value of Descartes and Spinoza’s engagement with human physiology, I employ their metaphysical insights in a critique of contemporary scientific research. Specifically, I will evaluate neuroscientific studies on the phantom limb, arguing that, in their explanations, researchers tend to unreflectively employ the metaphysical assumption that neural structures work to support an accurate representation of the body to the subject. While this view may ultimately prove correct, it blinds researchers to alternative explanations
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Daniel J DeFranco
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Gabel, Isabel. "Biology and the Philosophy of History in Mid-Twentieth-Century France." Thesis, 2015. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8DR2TX4.
Full textAbstract:
In the mid-twentieth century, French philosophers looked to contemporary biological research as they attempted to come to grips with the philosophical and historical crises of the previous decades. My dissertation provides a genealogy of the relationship between developments in the fields of evolutionary theory, genetics, and embryology, and the emergence of French structuralism and posthumanist history. The story centers around two generations of French philosophers, including Raymond Aron, Georges Canguilhem, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, and Raymond Ruyer, and the biologists they turned to as resources for their philosophy, including Maurice Caullery, George E. Coghill, Étienne Rabaud, and Étienne Wolff. As I show, because these philosophers did not look to “life” as a metaphor or to “science” understood as either mere ideology or pure rationality, but instead grappled directly with the specific content of evolutionary theory, embryology, and genetics, biology profoundly reshaped the philosophical concepts of human and history.