Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Science ouverte'
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Blais, Paul. "Pour une science ouverte à Dieu et à l'humain véritable /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1995. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textCarayol, Nicolas. "Propriétés et défaillances de la science ouverte : essais en économie de la "science imparfaite"." Toulouse 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU10078.
Full textThe social institution of academic science, called open science, is governed by formal and informal rules and norms that organize creation, disclosure and evaluation of scientific knowledge. These rules and norms are constituting original reward system and coordination mode that exhibit well suited incentive structure for collective and decentralized knowledge creation. Especially, they permit to solve traditional economic problems like the simultaneous preservation of knowledge spillovers. This way, what we obtain is an ideal representation of science that we may call "perfect science", with regard to which, the effective functioning of science obviously encounters failures. Its analysis, explored by the different essays of the thesis, may be called "economics of imperfect science"
Le, Bonhomme Benoît. "Plate-forme ouverte pour contenus et traitements multimédias en ligne." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TELE0022.
Full textThe emergency of the Internet as a medium for multimedia content, the manner to access the content including means of enriching it with semantic information constitute large research domains. This thesis situates in this context and introduces an operational implementation of an open and interoperable multimedia content distribution platform. After specifying the platform architecture introducing the support of all media types, effective indexation, content search and on-line visualisation, the first contribution of the thesis consists in several MPEG 7 extensions allowing 3D object description, as well as multimedia service specification. These extensions makes it possible a novel approach of asset management systems fully normalised with MPEG 7 and MPEG 4, the concept being demonstrated by the implementation of the www.MyMultimédiaWorld.com platform. The second contribution of the thesis concerns the fundaments and tools to ensure easy access to the multimedia platform. We developed an original solution based on an access API making possible to third party applications to access content and metadata resident into the platform. A second API, makes it possible to integrate multimedia processing algorithm directly in the platform, transforming it into a continuous evolving environment. The Web2.0 paradigm of user generated content is now extended to user generated functionality. Based on the two APIs, we proposed a novel approach for evaluation of multimedia related algorithms. The key aspects are the online processing, evolving content, execution of algorithms in identical conditions, always up-to-date results. The approach is demonstrated for two benchmarks: the first deals with 3D mesh compression algorithms and the second with 3D shape descriptors developed in the FAME2 and POPS projects of the System@tic competitiveness cluster. The advantages of such benchmarking approach were recognized recently by MPEG committee when deciding to adopt www.MyMultimédiaWorld.com as the standard evaluation tool for 3D mesh compression
Delsart, Didier. "La notion de "société ouverte" chez Bergson et Popper." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE3024.
Full textIt is usually said, when talking about Bergson and Popper, that the former borrows the notion of “open society” to the latter and diverts its meaning. It is a mistake: when he puts this notion in the center of The open society and its enemies, Popper is convinced that he is the one who came up with the notion. When he learns that Bergson used it before him, he underlines the differences between both open societies, while admitting a similarity between both closed societies. But how, if the closed society opposes, by definition, the open society, and if both notions of “closed society” are similar, could both notions of “open society” be fundamentally dissimilar?We are wondering, in our first part, to what degree the two closed societies can be considered similar, and if it is possible to build a unified conception of both of them. We are first seeking to show how Bergson and Popper, while starting from different issues, end up reuniting on the notion of a closed natural morality. We are then showing that these two modalities of the closed – warrior exclusivism and conservative holism – are found in both authors, although they don’t give it the same degree of importance: a number of underlying differences are announcing the upcoming oppositions on the open society. These differences, however, do not prevent the elaboration of a unified conception for the closed society. We are following Bergson to articulate both modalities of the closed while considering that social cohesion comes partly from hostility towards enemies. Our second part questions if what first shows up as a contradiction between both open societies could not be considered rather as tensions among one same open society. We first insist on what can appear as contradictory by showing that openness doesn’t have the same meaning for Bergson it does for Popper: for the former, it’s stepping from the city to a society containing humanity. For the latter, it’s stepping to a city where man’s critical powers are liberated. Popper’s open society is closed to Bergson, and Bergson’s open society is, to Popper, an expression of the longing for the unity of the closed society. But the contradiction comes from comparing each author’s preferred modality for openness, which differs. It is necessary, to have a better vision, to compare the rationalist modality of openness for both authors, as well as the mystical modality of openness for one and the other.By proceeding to this comparison, we can show that these two modalities are both a way for a society to transcend nature, for it to be inventive or creative. When it comes to the rationalist modality of openness, Popper is the one who manages to show its creative aspect, in both theory and practice – Bergson being restrained to do so by his conception of intelligence; when it comes to the mystical modality, it is Bergson who shows how it allows a society to transcend, at least partially, nature – Popper being restrained to do so by his conception of love.From this point, it doesn’t seem impossible to elaborate a unified conception for the open society articulating both of these modalities: the rationalist modality of openness is based on faith in human fraternity, which can only reach its fullest with the mystical modality. It is true that there is tension between these two modalities of openness, but their balance is necessary for a society that opens up: the mystical modality’s presence prevents the rationalist modality, that allows conflict, to fall into warrior degeneracy; the rationalist modality’s presence prevents the mystical modality, that transcends conflicts in enthusiasm, to degenerate into “mystical nationalism”
Le, Bonhomme Benoît. "Plate-forme ouverte pour contenus et traitements multimédias en ligne." Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00541852.
Full textHodali, Imad. "Le rôle de l'Université Ouverte al-Quds (UOQ) dans la formation de la nouvelle élite palestinienne." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01059716.
Full textGrassineau, Benjamin. "La dynamique des réseaux coopératifs. L'exemple des logiciels libres et du projet d'encyclopédie libre et ouverte Wikipédia." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00395335.
Full textJunker, Romane. "Comprehensive study of the microbiome of fermented vegetables using integrative approaches." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASL050.
Full textThe development of high-throughput sequencing has sparked renewed interest in studying various microbiomes. Among them, the microbiome of fermented vegetables is particularly intriguing due to its spontaneous establishment and high diversity. This poses challenges in control of production and organoleptic and nutritional properties. The management of food fermentation still relies heavily on empirical knowledge, as understanding the dynamics of microbial communities and the metabolic networks producing safe and nutritious products still needs to be explored. The open science paradigm, especially the availability of numerous datasets, provides an opportunity to characterize this microbiome more in-depth. This thesis presents various integrative methods for analyzing the microbiome of fermented vegetables, incorporating diverse public data to characterize and compare microbiomes across fermented vegetables comprehensively. Firstly, we investigated the succession dynamics of bacterial communities during the fermentation of vegetables. Therefore, we designed a network-based approach to compare ten public metataxonomic 16S datasets, including 931 samples, and targeting different fermented vegetables throughout time. Networks for individual datasets are integrated into a core network, highlighting significant associations. This method sheds light on the dynamics of vegetable fermentation by characterizing the processes of community succession among different bacterial assemblages. On a secondary level, we used a multi-marker metataxonomic approach to study the influence of processing factors on the bacterial communities during the fermentation. We then investigated the relationship between the core microbiota and the core metabolic pathways of fermented vegetables. To this end, we comprehensively analyzed the microbial diversity, taxonomic composition, and metabolic profiles of nine independent datasets, including 142 samples. Using a reproducible analytical workflow with a read-based approach, we identified a core set of microbial species and strains. We linked them to a set of shared metabolic functions that may represent a network of activities important during the fermentation of vegetables
Grassineau, Benjamin. "La dynamique des réseaux coopératifs : l’exemple des logiciels libres et du projet d’encyclopédie libre et ouverte Wikipédia." Phd thesis, Paris 9, 2009. https://bu.dauphine.psl.eu/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2009PA090009.
Full textOrganizational and social non-market and non-hierarchical practices related to new information technologies and communication, caused many reactions and controversy. Some actors and thinkers their existence, others say it is a minority or unsustainable phenomenon, and others confined it exclusively to the virtual sphere. As part of these discussions, this thesis tries to make the synthese of the various theoretical approaches to these new practices and to confront them with a rigorous empirical observation of the cooperative network of free software and the free and open project of encyclopaedia Wikipedia. In developing a conceptual framework suitable to study the social entities, built on the symbolic interactionism and sociology critic Ivan Illich, this work show the specific organizational, economic and social form of these new practices, and understand what was able to promote their development and growth over the past three decades. We especially insist on cultural factors, rather than technical factors. Finally, the thesis attempts to reflect on what could eventually promote the development and expansion of these new practices. We are joining here a questioning of society deeper, and without answer : the challenges and uncertainties posed by the development of non-market economy and non-hierarchical
Abukar, Ayan. "Synthetic biology and open science : the next frontier of antibiotic discovery and antimicrobial resistance research." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UNIP7127.
Full textHumanity has come a long way from a time where common infections were seen as a death sentence. However, as the organisms driving these infections evolve resistance to treatment, we are forced to face the fast approaching reality of a post-antibiotic era. Antibiotic resistance is evolving at a pace that is significantly ahead of the present-day systems and innovation is urgently required. The aim of my PhD is to do just that by generating an open-science synthetic biology platform to accelerate antibiotic discovery and to further study resistance landscapes of pathogen targets. The platform is based on engineering E.coli as a host to express foreign pathogen targets in order to identify their corresponding antimicrobial drug candidates. This project is also founded on principles of open science and accessibility, which are evident in the development of a frugal drug screening kit and spectrophotometer to engage citizen scientists of all levels
Eilhard, Jan. "L'implication des entreprises aux logiciels libres." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00528121.
Full textPicault, Sébastien. "Modèles de comportements sociaux pour les collectivités d'agents et de robots." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00851693.
Full textVerriez, Quentin. "Rationaliser les pratiques numériques en archéologie : l'exemple des chantiers de fouilles de Bibracte." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UBFCH035.
Full textThe thesis examines the move to open, digital archaeology. It investigates the feasibility of free software-based archaeological excavations producing transparent, structured data in open formats. Over the past two decades, the integration of digital technologies in the field of archaeology has increased considerably, affecting the collection, processing, management, preservation and dissemination of data. The open science approach offers solutions for the management, use and protection of this new type of data. This study uses a four-year excavation of the Bibracte Oppidum as a framework to test how open science principles can guide data production during fieldwork. Moreover, it aims to offer insights into the impacts of digital archaeology on its users and surroundings beyond technical concerns. The project aims to modernise archaeological methods by developing digital practices that consider fieldworkers' objectives and integrate their approach into a process of mastering, sharing and preserving archaeological knowledge
Rebouillat, Violaine. "Ouverture des données de la recherche : de la vision politique aux pratiques des chercheurs." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CNAM1254/document.
Full textThe thesis investigates research data, as there is a growing demand for opening them. Research data are information that is collected by scientists in order to be used as evidence for theories. It is a complex, contextual notion. Since the 2000s, open access to scientific data has become a strategic axis of research policies. These policies has been relayed by third actors, who developed services dedicated to support researchers with data management and sharing.The thesis questions the relationship between the ideology of openness and the research practices. Which kinds of data management and sharing practices already exist in research communities? What drives them? Do scientists rely on research data services? Fifty-seven interviews were conducted with researchers from the University of Strasbourg in many disciplines. The survey identifies a myriad of different data management and sharing practices. It appears that data sharing is embedded in the researcher’s strategy: his main goal is to protect his professional interests. Thus, research data are part of a credibility cycle, in which they get both use value (for new publications) and exchange value (as they are traded for other valuable resources). The survey also shows that researchers rarely use the services developed in a context of openness. Two explanations can be put forward. (1) The service offer comes too early to reach researchers’ needs. Currently, data management and sharing are not within researchers’ priorities. The priority is publishing, which is defined as source of reward and recognition of the scientific activities. (2) Data management services are offered by actors outside the research communities. But scientists seem to be more influenced by internal networks, close to their research topics (like journals, infrastructures…). These results prompt us to reconsider the mediation between scientific communities and open research data policies
Rama, Martin. "éséquilibres et accumulation du capital en économie ouverte." Paris 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA010106.
Full textBourrion, Daniel Pernoo-Bécache Marianne Boutroy Jean-Louis Giordanengo Claire Krajewski Pascal. "Les chercheurs en Lettres et Sciences Humaines et les Archives Ouvertes." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://www.enssib.fr/bibliotheque/documents/dcb/M-2006-RECH-13.pdf.
Full textJouanna, Paul. "Approche phéno-corpusculaire de phases et nanophases : voies ouvertes en sciences des géomatériaux." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20111.
Full textMéheust, Yves. "Écoulements dans les Fractures Ouvertes." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008477.
Full textNodenot, Thierry. "Contribution à l'ingénierie dirigée par les modèles en EIAH : le cas des situations-problèmes coopératives." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00160740.
Full textDans ce document, je positionne tout d'abord les travaux proposés au sein de la communauté EIAH (chapitre 1) ce qui me permet d'expliciter les théories d'apprentissage auxquelles ces travaux se réfèrent ainsi que les principaux verrous scientifiques posés par l'ingénierie des EIAH. Le chapitre 2 présente ma démarche de recherche au cours de ces travaux ainsi que les questions de recherche spécifiques qui sont au cœur des activités menées. Ce chapitre me permet donc de positionner mes travaux par rapport à ceux que mènent d'autres équipes nationales et internationales sur des problématiques identiques. Je présente ensuite (chapitre 3) les principaux résultats qui portent sur l'ingénierie de modèles de conception pour les situations d'apprentissage de type situations-problèmes coopératives, mais aussi sur l'usage de ces modèles et la démarche de conception qu'ils supposent. Les travaux qui se sont succédés ont permis de définir et d'expérimenter différents langages visuels, ce qui nous a conduit à proposer un profil UML dédié à la description des situations problèmes coopératives, le langage CPM. Le chapitre 4 me permet enfin de dresser un bilan de mon activité d'enseignant chercheur à l'Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour.
Lrhoul, Hanae. "La production scientifique des chercheurs de la faculté de médecine et de pharmacie de Casablanca : mesures, cartographie et enjeux du libre accès." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CNAM1161/document.
Full textOur thesis aims to establish a diagnosis of Moroccan scientific potential in the medical area and to conceptualize new devices for measurement, mapping and open access to local science.To build national research systems and ensure Morocco’s socio-economic development, university decision-makers need analytic and evaluation indicators of their scientific heritage. The main sources used to perform this analysis are the international databases "Scopus" and "Web of Science", despite their biased indexing and coverage of southern countries.This impedes the accessibility and visibility of Moroccan science. A few questions then arise: is this lack of visibility due to the low presence of national journals in international databases? Is it due to the quality of Moroccan publications? Is Moroccan science locally focused, addressing themes which are not on the global agenda? Do Moroccan universities lack awareness of the contribution of open access to increasing research visibility and impact? Our case study of the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca (FMPC) is based on three specific objectives: 1/ Identifying scientific production; 2/ characterizing scientific production and exploring the existence of a relationship between the indexing of publications in international databases and their visibility and 3/ evaluating the behaviors and uses of open access by researchers.The main results of our thesis are the analysis and characterization of the scientific output of the FMPC, which is highly visible on an international scale: the juxtaposition of national and international publications confirms that 70% of the FMPC’s scientific publications are integrated into international databases and that 74.21% of all articles are published in English. Furthermore, 30% of national publications cannot be excluded from bibliometric evaluation, at the risk of biasing the country's science policies.The establishment of the University’s institutional repository and of the medical journal portal makes it possible to widely disseminate FMPC researcher production and to increase its visibility and impact. Nevertheless, the results of the survey of researchers showed that the main impediment to the adoption of open access is the lack of awareness of the benefits of STIs with regards to increasing their impact and visibility. The results of the FMPC’s science mapping and the study of researcher behavior with regard to open access have allowed us to propose bases for the definition of indicators adapted to the Moroccan context
Idrissi, Fakhreddine Moulay Othman. "L'innovation ouverte dans le cas des PME manufacturières." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28804/28804.pdf.
Full textRecent developments regarding the nature of the process of innovation have led us to try to better understand this process among firms, in particular among small and medium enterprises (SMEs). These recent developments indicate the interactive and open nature of innovation which is represented by the model of open innovation, according to Chesbrough (2003a; b). In this model, firms spend little on R&D and nevertheless are able to innovate : they rely on the knowledge and expertise of a wide range of actors and external sources (Laursen et Salter, 2006). The open innovation model has become, according to the report of the 2009 CST of, one of the major trends in the world. In its report entitled : Innovation ouverte, enjeux et défis pour le Québec, this institution promotes the benefits of this innovation model and proposes to accelerate its adoption by Quebec manufacturing firms. In this context, this thesis aims to contribute to this effort by studying a particular aspect of the open innovation model, namely openness. Introduced by Laursen and Salter in 2004, openness is a concept that primarily reflects the number (breadth) and intensity (depth) of the external sources of information used by the firm in the development or improvement of its products or processes. Openness has been widely studied in the context of large U.S. (Chesbrough, 2003a; b) and European companies (Laursen et Salter, 2004; 2006; Criscuolo et al., 2006; Reichstein et Salter, 2006; Lichtenthaler, 2008a). In the context of SMEs, the studies concerned with openness are still scanty, with only a few studies from the Republic of Korea and Europe. In Canada, especially Quebec, studies that focus on openness in SMEs are almost nonexistent. In this sense, it is necessary to fill this gap and to further explore the innovative behavior of SMEs under the care of the open innovation model. Innovation in SMEs, explained in part by the open innovation model, raises the complexity of the relations (Huizingh, 2011) between the different factors that traditionally explain innovation in SMEs. This need was at the origin of the first research objective in this thesis : 1. Study the determinants which explain the complex relationships that exist between the factors explaining innovation in SMEs under the care of the open innovation model. In addition to this objective, other gaps have been identified in the literature related to the open innovation model, including the second and third objectives of this research : 2. Study the degree of openness of SMEs through the dimensions of the breadth and depth, and the determinants related to varying degrees of openness. 3. Study the complementarity or substitution of SMEs to the openness towards the various sources of external information, and the determinants related to the openness towards these different sources. The results of this thesis and its contributions deducted from the three empirical parts are distributed according to the specific objectives that are raised, and these include : 1. The study of this first objective has led us to deepen our understanding of the theoretical approaches that would be complementary in the explanation of innovation in SMEs. In this sense, the literature review has led us to suggest an integrative conceptual framework which seems to us more appropriate to understand the complex relationships between the various factors which explain innovation in SMEs. It is primarily the open innovation model, the resource-based theory, and the regional innovation system approach. This is a very important theoretical contribution from this thesis. Also, the use of the path analysis has helped to empirically clarify the complex relationships between the determinants of innovation in SMEs. In particular, it is has shown that openness has a direct and indirect effect on the degree of novelty of the surveyed SMEs. The indirect importance of regional and national proximities through the openness on the degree of novelty in these firms has also been highlighted too. 2. The use of the cluster analysis based on the dimensions of openness, breadth and depth, has led to propose four classes of SMEs which differ by their degree of openness : closed SMEs, interactive SMEs, user SMEs and open SMEs. Moreover, in this empirical part of the thesis, by using multinomial and binary logistic regression models, it was possible to show that the variables related to regional and national proximities, as well as the variables related to the internal barriers to innovation, contribute very significantly to explain the probability that SMEs belong to a class of SMEs with a high degree of openness rather than to a class of SMEs with a low degree of openness. 3. The use of the structural equation model and of the Multivariate Probit (MVP) model has, on the one hand, confirmed our assumption related to the complementarity among the four categories of external sources of information (market sources, generally available information sources, research sources, and regional resources) and, on the other hand, the MVP model has confirmed the importance of national and regional proximities in the explanation of the openness to different categories of sources of external information. Finally, a general conclusion of this thesis is revealed in light of the results obtained in the three empirical parts of this thesis : in addition to the importance of openness for the innovation process of the surveyed SMEs, it should be noted that geographical proximity as considered in this thesis, is also important. In this sense, one can only hope for a major implication for policy makers concerned with policy innovation, involvement that could lead to the consideration, and as far as the promotion, of the crucial character of proximity, so that SMEs can get the maximum benefit from relationships with their close partners.
Mahboubi, Assia. "Contributions à la certification des calculs dans R : théorie, preuves, programmation." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00117409.
Full textConstructions Inductives.
Dans cette thèse nous proposons d'améliorer l'automatisation de ce
système en le dotant d'une procédure de décision réflexive et complète
pour la théorie du premier ordre de l'arithmétique réelle.
La théorie des types implémentée par le système Coq comprend un
langage fonctionnel typé dans lequel nous avons programmé un
algorithme de Décomposition Algébrique Cylindrique (CAD). Cet
algorithme calcule une partition de l'espace en cellules
semi-algébriques sur lesquelles tous les polynômes d'une famille donnée
ont un signe constant et permet ainsi de décider les formules de cette théorie.
Il s'agit ensuite de prouver la correction de l'algorithme et de la
procédure de décision associée avec l'assistant à la preuve Coq.
Ce travail comprend en particulier une librairie d'arithmétique polynomiale
certifiée et une partie significative de la preuve formelle de correction de
l'algorithme des sous-résultants. Ce dernier algorithme permet de calculer
efficacement le plus grand commun diviseur de polynômes à coefficients dans un
anneau, en particulier à plusieurs variables.
Nous proposons également une tactique réflexive de décision des égalités dans les
structures d'anneau et de semi-anneaux qui améliore les performances de l'outil
déjà disponible et augmente son spectre d'action en exploitant les possibilités de
calcul du système.
Dans une dernière partie, nous étudions le contenu calculatoire d'une preuve
constructive d'un lemme élémentaire d'analyse réelle, le principe d'induction
ouverte.
Chiffard, Jules. "Oiseaux chanteurs des milieux ouverts de montagne et changements globaux." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEP038.
Full textGrowth of human populations and economy causes human societies to be more and more dependent on ecosystem services. Understand the mechanisms underlying the response of biological systems to global changes is thus a scientific and social issue. This research was thank and realized when developing a long term monitoring scheme for mountain birds with different research teams and conservation stakeholders. In this long term monitoring, birds are used as indicators of the effects of global changes on biodiversity. Mountain massifs of France are exposed to climate change, and land use evolution, as livestock grazing is dependent on raw material prices and public support. Mountains are interesting, but contingent, ecological contexts to study the effects of global changes on biodiversity, due to the sharp bioclimatic gradients and facet landscapes. My main objective was to characterize and quantify the respective effects of temperature, vegetation structure, and livestock grazing activities on this bird community, to better predict the consequences of major climate and land use changes. Elevation gradient have been mostly studied in isolated sites and large elevation gradients. Following our main objective, in the first chapter, we chose the opposite approach, by multiplying study sites in a standardized habitat (open grasslands, 1100 point counts in Alps and Pyrenees). Our results show that primary productivity, temperature and habitat structure all influence the bird community. Also 5 out of the 8 most common species seemed to be favorited by livestock grazing activities. In the second chapter, I tested the effect of the strong seasonality typical from temperate mountains’ climate, by testing it’s effect on the survival of individuals in a population of alpine Choughs Pyrrhocorax graculus. I relied on the CMR survey of more than 1000 individuals carried out by Anne Delestrade during 30 years. Choughs show the highest survival known in corvids, with a seasonal pattern, in interaction with individuals’ states like sex group. Adult females also showed lower spring survival after warm winters. In third chapter I speculated on the ability of insectivorous passerines to get benefit from the presence of large domestic herbivorous mammals, by eating coprophagous insects. I measured the stable nitrogen isotopic ratios in the feces of most common birds to provide an estimation of the trophic level of birds’ preys, and thus test my hypothesis and eventually quantify the mechanism. We observed, in both mountain massif, a shift from herbivorous from higher trophic level insects catched by birds, from locations with low grazing intensity to those with high grazing intensity. The last chapter present an evaluation of the potential of adaptive niche based sampling to increase the ability to find rare species in new localities. This study includes simulations and field test in the Pyrenees mountains on two alpine bird species, Snowfinch Montifringilla nivalis and rock Thrush Monticolla saxatilis. Results show the strong potential of the method in the field, and its limit, with an increase in specificity at the cost of omissions that also increase. As a general discussion, I develop research perspective to generalize the strong link found between birds’ diet and large mammalian herbivores, and to better understand the phenology of populations facing unpredictable snow cover during breeding period
Deville, Hervé. "Analyse des relations entre le secteur ouvert et le secteur protégé d'une petite économie ouverte et incidences sectorielles des politiques économiques: application au cas de la Belgique au moyen d'une analyse de déséquilibre." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212765.
Full textClanet, Christophe. "Instabilités de propagation de flammes monophasiques et diphasiques dans une enceinte semi-ouverte." Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX11071.
Full textSabouret, Nicolas. "Interactions sur le fonctionnement dans les systèmes multi-agents ouverts et hétérogènes." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00464188.
Full textMejean, Isabelle. "Segmentation des marchés internationaux et globalisation en macroéconomie ouverte." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00145745.
Full textCette thèse étudie l'impact macroéconomique de cette segmentation des marchés internationaux. Les outils développés par les Nouvelles Théories du Commerce sont utilisés pour modéliser l'effet des barrières à l'échange sur les décisions stratégiques des firmes exportatrices dans un environnement globalisé.
La première partie de la thèse s'intéresse aux conséquences de la segmentation des marchés sur les stratégies de prix à l'exportation. L'analyse empirique permet de mettre en évidence les déterminants microéconomiques expliquant la faible sensibilité des prix du commerce aux fluctuations de change. La deuxième partie introduit dans l'analyse les choix de localisation des firmes et étudie leur impact sur le niveau des prix relatifs. Elle montre comment l'entrée de
nouveaux producteurs sur un marché national exerce une pression à la baisse sur le niveau de ses prix agrégés. Enfin, la troisième partie de la thèse s'interroge sur l'impact de ces choix de localisation sur l'efficacité des politiques économiques. Plus précisément, elle montre comment les politiques nationales de salaire minimum affectent la répartition spatiale des entreprises, par le biais des coûts relatifs de production mais aussi de leur impact sur la demande agrégée.
Bonetti, Marco. "Dynamique chaotique dans les écoulements ouverts: le jet excité." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213345.
Full textHouzet, Sophie. "Développement numérique, territoires et collectivités : vers un modèle ouvert." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00931217.
Full textLaroussi, Myriam. "Modélisation du comportement des mousses solides à porosité ouverte : une approche micromécanique." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005743.
Full textCe travail est dédié à létude de lorigine de la phase de plateau dans le cas des mousses élastiques à porosité ouverte. Celle-ci est attribuée au flambement élastique des arêtes des cellules. Létude repose sur la théorie de lhomogénéisation non convexe. En effet, on modélise la mousse par une microstructure tridimensionnelle périodique en prenant en compte les non-linéarités géométriques.
Dans un premier abord, on étudie deux cas de chargement en grandes transformations : une compression uniaxiale et une déformation uniaxiale (ou compression oedométrique). Les calculs sont faits sur des cellules détude de plus en plus grandes. Dans le cas de cellules détude pas « suffisamment grandes », on introduit une imperfection dans la position des nuds pour initier le flambement.
Ensuite, on applique des chargements multiaxiaux pour déterminer une surface de charge dans lespace des contraintes, marquant la limite de passage de la phase élastique initiale à la phase de plateau. La surface de charge, dite micro, est obtenue en considérant des variations du déplacement périodiques sur des cellules détude de plus ne plus grandes. Cest une surface de charge du type Drucker-Prager modifiée. On introduit également une nouvelle surface de charge, dite mixte, plus aisée à calculer et qui coïncide avec la surface micro dans le cas étudié.
Enfin, pour valider les résultats numériques, on réalise une étude expérimentale sur une mousse de caril.
Al-Awa, Mohamad Nawar. "Architecture ouverte pour les applications de vision en temps réel." Grenoble INPG, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPG0136.
Full textMendes, Suzan. "Sécurité des Communications Ouvertes : Vers une Infrastructure Globale pour les Services d'Authentification." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00821147.
Full textBanzo, Mayté. "L'espace ouvert pour une nouvelle urbanité." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00618968.
Full textGontard, Paul-roger. "L'utilisation européenne des prisons ouvertes : l'exemple de la France." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01059457.
Full textCoelho, Ferreira Paulo Cesar. "Conception d'un service d'archivage multimedia dans un environnement bureautique ouvert." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376040110.
Full textBeudaert, Xavier. "Commande numérique ouverte : interpolation optimisée pour l'usinage 5 axes grande vitesse des surfaces complexes." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00918816.
Full textVial, Benjamin. "Étude de résonateurs électromagnétiques ouverts par approche modale. Application au filtrage multispectral dans l'infrarouge." Phd thesis, Ecole centrale de Marseille, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00918651.
Full textAndrieu, Jacquet Armelle. "Quand la langue maternelle devient langue étrangère : pour une éthique du vivre en situation de handicap ouverte aux Sciences humaines et sociales en cas d’aphasie." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05D019/document.
Full textThis study, with an annexe, is a reflection on the approach of aphasic subject, in his medical and rehabilitation contexts, from the very start of the diagnosis of his language disturb: the aphasia, or the loss of the acquired language, is generally a syndrome of adult subject. Based on the fundamentals of philosophy, the initial reflection evokes the difficulty of a homogeneous and satisfactory ethics, during the complex medical and paramedical course of this kind of patient, pointing some specific obstacles in the medical, psychological ethics or in the ethics of education. Then, a brief definition of the neuropsychology of language is followed by a presentation of the aphasia, a comment leaned on a mixed aphasia case study, containing a familial and a medical anamneses (Narrative medicine) and a neuropsychological balance assessment (narrative also), focused on the language, witch tends to show that, in a more or less diffuse way, the aphasic subject suffers from a lack of homogeneity on the set or part of the care chain, till the end of the long period of his language rehabilitation (at least three years), when his mother tongue became foreign language. The didactics of the languages, six-thousand-years-old, and its short history is briefly explained; it is the teaching aids proposed for the rehabilitation: the tutorage is especially conceived and adapted to the subject, showing the interest of the field of humanities and social sciences, in a course of care. The care takes into account the psychological state of the patient, his profoundly bruised identity, the neuropsychological balance assessment and the balance assessment of language. Finally, this study suggests the reality of the multidisciplinary field of medical ethics in the field of aphasiology. It expresses a synergy where the position of psychologist, neuropsychologist or speech pathologist, linguist, educationalist language can join
Chenel, Aurélie. "Dynamique et contrôle de systèmes quantiques ouverts." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01061945.
Full textLamarre, Philippe. "Contributions à la recherche d'information dans des systèmes distribués, ouverts, intégrant des participants autonomes." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Nantes, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00464482.
Full textWojciechowska, Anna. "Archives ouvertes : état des lieux et pratiques dans les domaines des mathématiques et de l'informatique." Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX30032.
Full textThe main subject of this work is the study of the self-archiving of their publications by the researchers. We want to understand how the practices of the researchers evolve and how they are affected in the new landscape of scientific publishing - thus : - Understand the position of the researchers regarding open archives, - List and analyze the practices declared by the researchers, - Indicate their requirements and their positions about publishing procedures for open archives. The period of this analysis: 2004-2007, corresponds to the period when open archives were set up in France. The year 2004, when this work began, is particularly significant because it corresponds to the official launching of Hal, the French open archives platform. 2 surveys (in 2005 and 2007) targeted the practices of articles self-archiving by those of the French researchers in mathematics and computer science who work in relation with the French National Network of Mathematics Libraries (RNBM). The comparative analysis of the results definitely shows towards a rather significant improvement of these practices
Wojciechowska, Anna. "Archives ouvertes : état des lieux et pratiques dans les domaines des mathématiques et de l'informatique." Phd thesis, Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00357906.
Full textNous voulons comprendre comment les pratiques des chercheurs évoluent et en quoi elles sont affectées dans le nouveau paysage de la publication scientifique :
- comprendre la position des chercheurs relative aux archives ouvertes,
- repérer et analyser les pratiques déclarées par les chercheurs,
- faire apparaître leurs besoins et leurs positions sur les modalités de dépôt d'articles dans les archives ouvertes.
La période sur laquelle s'est déroulée cette analyse : 2004-2007 correspond à la phase du développement des archives ouvertes en France.
2 enquêtes (2005 et 2007) ont visé les pratiques de l'auto-archivage des articles d'une partie de la communauté mathématique et informatique en France liée aux bibliothèques du Réseau National des Bibliothèques en Mathématiques. L'analyse comparative des résultats permet de démontrer une amélioration assez significative de ces pratiques.
Hostert, Marc. "Stratégie d'internationalisation d'une Petite Economie Mature Ouverte (PEMO) : le cas du Luxembourg : déterminants, défis et leviers." Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01015608.
Full textVercouter, Laurent. "Conception et mise en oeuvre de systèmes multi-agents ouverts et distribués." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00839604.
Full textMbaye, Ahmadou Aly. "Promotion des exportations et croissance de l’output global dans une petite économie ouverte : le cas du Sénégal." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CLF10202.
Full textIn this thesis, we have studied the relationship between export promotion policies and economic growth in Senegal. On the one hand, we have examined the impact of deprotection on resources allocation. On the other hand, the relationship between trade liberalization and aggregate output growth is more closely studied. Most of the conclusions of the protection theory could not be established by the empirical analysis performed in this work
Laarouchi, Youssef. "Sécurités (immunité et innocuité) des architectures ouvertes à niveaux de criticité multiples : application en avionique." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00468923.
Full textEl, Gemayel Joseph. "De la dynamique monétaire du processus hyperinflationniste dans une économie ouverte de petite taille : le cas du Liban." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010043.
Full textGrondin, Guillaume. "MaDcAr-Agent : un modèle d'agents auto-adaptables à base de composants." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00775866.
Full textDelille, Florent. "Recherche d'une prédiction de fragmentation charge par charge pour les tirs à ciel ouvert." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENMP, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENMP0046.
Full textTo contribute in the understanding of rock breakage and fragmentation processes in open pit blasting, the herein presented research aims at refining existing empirical fragmentation prediction techniques. A comprehensive full-scale experimental program has been conducted in an open pit mine and analyzed. The experiments yield data as well as enlightenments with respect to existing literature on blasting experiments. In particular, single-hole and multiple-hole blasting results are compared. In the test site's rock/explosives context, results demonstrate that industrial benefits from a hole-by-hole prediction are limited. A numerical approach has been developed in parallel to experimental work; it takes advantage of adamage behaviour law specifically designed for fragmentation by explosives (Rouabhi, 2004). 2D calculations with scale reduction are made; the use of such a behaviour law is shown to be essential, and it is outlined that coupling shock wave & explosive gases effects should be sought in future modelling work. Moreover, results observed in a laboratory scale experimental study (Miklautsch, 2002) are explained in an original way. At the end of the thesis, several hole-by-hole prediction methods – which can easily be reproduced –are tested and fitted with results from the full-scale blasting experiments. In the end, it is shown that the most accurate method obtained, when used with mean blast pattern parameters instead of hole-by-hole information, actually provides an even more accurate prediction
Ramisch, Carlos eduardo. "Un environnement générique et ouvert pour le traitement des expressions polylexicales : de l'acquisition aux applications." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00859910.
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