Journal articles on the topic 'Science museums Australia'
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1
Teare, Sheldon, and Danielle Measday. "Pyrite Rehousing – Recent Case Studies at Two Australian Museums." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (June 13, 2018): e26343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.26343.
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Two major collecting institutions in Australia, the Australian Museum (Sydney) and Museums Victoria (Melbourne), are currently undertaking large-scale anoxic rehousing projects in their collections to control conservation issues caused by pyrite oxidation. This paper will highlight the successes and challenges of the rehousing projects at both institutions, which have collaborated on developing strategies to mitigate loss to their collections. In 2017, Museums Victoria Conservation undertook a survey with an Oxybaby M+ Gas Analyser to assess the oxygen levels in all their existing anoxic microclimates before launching a program to replace failed microclimates and expand the number of specimens housed in anoxic storage. This project included a literature review of current conservation materials and techniques associated with anoxic storage, and informed the selection of the RP System oxygen scavenger and Escal Neo barrier film from Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company as the best-practice products to use for this application. Conservation at the Australian Museum in Sydney was notified of wide-scale pyrite decay in the Palaeontology and Mineral collections. It was noted that many of the old high-barrier film enclosures, done more than ten years ago, were showing signs of failing. None of the Palaeontology specimens had ever been placed in microclimates. After consultation with Museums Victoria and Collection staff, a similar pathway used by Museums Victoria was adopted. Because of the scale of the rehousing project, standardized custom boxes were made, making the construction of hundreds of boxes easier. It is hoped that new products, like the tube-style Escal film, will extend the life of this rehousing project. Enclosures are being tested at the Australian Museum with a digital oxygen meter. Pyrite rehousing projects highlight the loss of Collection materials and data brought about by the inherent properties of some specimens. The steps undertaken to mitigate or reduce the levels of corrosion are linked to the preservation of both the specimens and the data kept with them (paper labels). These projects benefited from the collaboration of Natural Sciences conservators in Australia with Geosciences collections staff. Natural Science is a relatively recent specialization for the Australian conservation profession and it is important to build resources and capacity for conservators to care for these collections. This applied knowledge has already been passed on to other regions in Australia.
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SAN MARTÍN, GUILLERMO, PAT HUTCHINGS, and MARÍA TERESA AGUADO. "Syllinae (Polychaeta, Syllidae) from Australia. Part. 2. Genera Inermosyllis, Megasyllis n. gen., Opisthosyllis, and Trypanosyllis." Zootaxa 1840, no. 1 (August 1, 2008): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1840.1.1.
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Large collections of Australian Syllidae (Polychaeta) from the Australian Museum (Sydney) have been examined and identified, together with material from the Hamburgische Zoologische Museum der Universität (Hamburg, Germany), as well as some specimens from other museums. All known Australian species of the subfamily Syllinae belonging to Inermosyllis San Martín, 2003 (1 species), Megasyllis n. gen. (3 species), Opisthosyllis Langerhans, 1879 (5 species), and Trypanosyllis Claparède, 1864 (2 species), are described and figured. The Scanning Electron Microscope was used to illustrate relevant taxonomic characters and reproduction methods in these genera. Inermosyllis pseudohaploides is described as a new species. Megasyllis is described as a new genus, including M. corruscans (Haswell, 1885) and M. heterosetosa (Hartmann-Schöder, 1991) from Australia, and M. inflata (Marenzeller, 1879) from Japan and Australia; thespecies M. multiannulata (Aguado, San Martín & Nishi, in press) from Japan is also referred to this genus. The genus Inermosyllis is reported for the first time from Australia, as well as the species Opisthosyllis longicirrata Monro, 1939 and Trypanosyllis aeolis Langerhans, 1879.
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Gascoigne, Toss, and Jennifer Metcalfe. "The emergence of modern science communication in Australia." Journal of Science Communication 16, no. 03 (July 20, 2017): A01. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/2.16030201.
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Modern science communication has emerged over the last 60 years as a field of study, a body of practice and a profession. This period has seen the birth of interactive science centres, the first university courses to teach the theory and practice of science communication, the first university departments conducting research into science communication, and a sharp growth in employment of science communicators by research institutions, universities, museums, science centres and industry. This chapter charts the emergence of modern science communication in Australia, against an international background.
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ZHANG, JINGHUAI, and PAT HUTCHINGS. "A revision of Australian Pectinariidae (Polychaeta), with new species and new records." Zootaxa 4611, no. 1 (May 27, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4611.1.1.
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Samples of Pectinariidae in the Australian Museum and Museums of Victoria, Australia were examined. Thirteen species were identified, including three additional records of previously recorded species of Amphictene and two new species, A. cercusa n. sp. and A. undulata n. sp., two species of the genus Lagis which has not previously been recorded from Australia, including a new species, L. portus n. sp., and five additional records of previously recorded species of Pectinaria and one new species, P. ningalooensis n. sp. The study revealed additional characters which are useful to identify species of pectinariids, a pair of ear-shaped lobes which are adjacent to both sides of dorsal base of cephalic veil in species of Pectinaria and Amphictene, but in Lagis they are present between the buccal cavity and lateral margin of segment 1; and a pair of ventral lappets which have not previously been described on the lateral margin of segment I in all species of pectinariids from Australia. For species where numerous individuals were available for study, we investigated how some characters, change with increasing body size. A key to all recorded species from Australia is given, but does not imply any phylogenetic relationships.
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Maynard-Casely, Helen, and Neeraj Sharma. "Crystallography365 and Crystals in the City: IYCr 2014 activities in Australia." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C1308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314086914.
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Reflecting the strong heritage of crystallographic research in Australia, we wish to present two of the public outreach projects that are underway down-under to celebrate International year of crystallography 2014. A project that is already up and running is Crystallography365 - Blogging a crystal structure a day at http://crystallography365.wordpress.com/. Gathering a group of, principally students and early career researchers based in Australia, each day during 2014 a different crystal structure will be presented and described. The goals of the project is to present the wide range of uses crystal structures have to a broad spectrum of sciences, and to provide an outlet for this group of scientists to engage with International Year of Crystallography. The other (hopefully bigger) project is Crystals in the city will run 9th-30 August 2014 (coinciding with National Science Week in Australia). A partnership between ANSTO and University of New South Wales, it will bring a public display of 10-15 person-size crystal structure models exhibited in cities around Australia. The goal is that the crystal structures will `reflect' their surroundings and instil pride among the public in the crystallographic achievements of Australian science. Accompanying the exhibition will be website, where the public can find more about each of the structures and students can learn of studying opportunities. The project will also unite a host of supporters and sponsors; universities, museums and crystallographic groups.
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Mildwaters, Nyssa, and Danielle Measday. "Silcone-Based Solvents and Emulsions for Cleaning Natural Science Specimens: Case Studies from the Otago Museum and Museums Victoria." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (June 13, 2018): e26450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.26450.
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Developed by the cosmetics industry, silicone-based solvents such as Cyclomethicone D4 and D5 and emulsifiers Velevsil Plus and KSG 350Z have found useful applications in museum conservation after being pioneered by Richard Wolbers to safety clean acrylic paint films. These products’ unique properties are also applicable for cleaning of natural science specimens. Silicone solvents are volatile and will completely evaporate away from surfaces. They have very low polarity and cannot not solubilise fats or oils, such as natural preen oils found in feathers. Low viscosity gives them the ability to flood a porous surface, such as bone, protecting it from absorbing chemicals and soiling during cleaning. Velevsil Plus and KSG 350Z provide the desirable ability to form an emulsion with water, and or solvents in a silicone based solvent carrier, allowing for the strictly controlled application of water or solvent solutions to the surface of a specimen. This poster will present case studies from the Otago Museum (Dunedin, New Zealand) and Museums Victoria (Melbourne, Australia) investigating the use of these products in cleaning natural science specimens. The experiments include the removal of an aged wax and shellac coating from a Moa (Dinonris sp.) skeleton, the removal of acrylic coatings on extremely moisture sensitive pyritized fossils, and the cleaning of soiled feathers and fur. Issues around sourcing and shipping these specialised products to Australasia will also be discussed. The successful application of paintings conservation techniques to scientific specimens demonstrates the benefits of collaboration between specialisations in conservation for developing new techniques for caring for our collections.
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Petrescu, Ana-Maria, Melania Stan, and Iorgu Petrescu. "Taxons dedicated to Grigore Antipa." Travaux du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle “Grigore Antipa” 62, no. 1 (July 31, 2019): 137–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/travaux.62.e38595.
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A comprehensive list of the taxons dedicated to Grigore Antipa by collaborators, science personalities who appreciated his work was constituted from surveying the natural history or science museums or university collections from several countries (Romania, Germany, Australia, Israel and United States). The list consists of 33 taxons, with current nomenclature and position in a collection. Historical aspects have been discussed, in order to provide a depth to the process of collection dissapearance during more than one century of Romanian zoological research. Natural calamities, wars and the evictions of the museum’s buildings that followed, and sometimes the neglection of the collections following the decease of their founder, are the major problems that contributed gradually to the transformation of the taxon/specimen into a historical landmark and not as an accessible object of further taxonomical inquiry.
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Nelson, Gil, and Shari Ellis. "The Impact of Digitization and Digital Data Mobilization on Biodiversity Research and Outreach." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (July 25, 2018): e28470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.28470.
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The first two decades of the 21st Century have seen a rapid rise in the creation, mobilization, research, and educational use of digital museum data, especially in the natural and biodiversity sciences. This has thrust natural history museums and especially the biodiversity specimen collections they hold into the forefront of biodiversity research in systematics, ecology, and conservation, underscoring their central role in the modern scientific enterprise. The advent of such digitization and data mobilization initiatives as the United States National Science Foundation’s Advancing the Digitization of Biodiversity Collections program (ADBC), Australia’s Atlas of Living Australia (ALA), Mexico’s National Commission for the Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity (CONABIO), Brazil’s Centro de Referência em Informação (CRIA), Europe’s SYNTHESYS, and China’s National Specimen Information Infrastructure (NSII) has led to a rapid rise in regional, national, and international digital data aggregators and has precipitated an exponential increase in the availability of digital data for scientific research. The international Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) now serves about 130 million museum specimen records, and Integrated Digitized Biocollections (iDigBio), the U.S. national biodiversity portal, has amassed over 109 million records representing over 300 million specimens that are international in scope. These digital resources raise the profiles of museums, expose collections to a wider audience of systematic and conservation researchers, provide the best biodiversity data in the modern era outside of nature itself, and ensure that specimen-based research remains at the forefront of the biodiversity sciences. Here we provide a brief overview of worldwide digital data generation and mobilization, the impact of these data on biodiversity research, new data underscoring the impact of worldwide digitization initiatives on citation in scientific publications, and evidence of the roles these activities play in raising the public and scientific profiles of natural history collections.
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Bennett, Tony. "Introduction." Museum Worlds 6, no. 1 (July 1, 2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/armw.2018.060102.
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Michel Foucault argues that truth is not to be emancipated from power. Given that museums have played a central role in these “regimes of truth,” Foucault’s work was a reference point for the debates around “the new museology” in the 1980s and remains so for contemporary debates in the field. In this introduction to a new volume of selected essays, the use of Foucault’s work in my previous research is considered in terms of the relations between museums, heritage, anthropology, and government. In addition, concepts from Pierre Bourdieu, science and technology studies, Actor Network Theory, assemblage theory, and the post-Foucaultian literature on governmentality are employed to examine various topics, including the complex situation of Indigenous people in contemporary Australia.
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Shaughnessy, P. D. "New mammals recognised for Australia - Antarctic and Subantarctic Fur Seals Arctocephalus species." Australian Mammalogy 15, no. 1 (1992): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am92010.
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Recent authoritative texts on Australian mammals include several pinniped species but most omit the Antarctic Fur Seal Arctocephalus gazella and Subantarctic Fur Seal A. tropicalis. The former species breeds at Heard Island; at Macquarie Island it breeds in territories with A. tropicalis. Information is tabulated on skulls of these two species held in Australian museums. It is argued that they should be included in comprehensive lists of Australian mammals.
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Taylor, Michael A., and L. I. Anderson. "The museums of a local, national and supranational hero: Hugh Miller's collections over the decades." Geological Curator 10, no. 7 (August 2017): 285–368. http://dx.doi.org/10.55468/gc242.
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Hugh Miller (1802-1856), Scottish geologist, newspaper editor and writer, is a perhaps unique example of a geologist with a museum dedicated to him in his birthplace cottage, in Cromarty, northern Scotland. He finally housed his geological collection, principally of Scottish fossils, in a purpose-built museum at his house in Portobello, now in Edinburgh. After his death, the collection was purchased in 1859 by Government grant and public appeal, in part as a memorial to Miller, for the Natural History Museum (successively Edinburgh Museum of Science and Art, Royal Scottish Museum, and part of National Museums Scotland). The collection's documentation, curation and display over the years are outlined, using numerical patterns in the documentation as part of the evidence for its history. A substantial permanent display of the Miller Collection, partly by the retired Benjamin Peach (1842-1926), was installed from c. 1912 to 1939, and briefly postwar. A number of temporary displays, and one small permanent display, were thereafter created, especially for the 1952 and 2002 anniversaries. Miller's birthplace cottage was preserved by the family and a museum established there in 1885 by Miller's son Hugh Miller the younger (1850-1896) of the Geological Survey, with the assistance of his brother Lieutenant-Colonel William Miller (1842-1893) of the Indian Army, and the Quaker horticulturalist Sir Thomas Hanbury (c. 1832-1907), using a selection of specimens retained by the family in 1859. It may not have been fully opened to the public till 1888. It was refurbished for the 1902 centenary. A proposal to open a Hugh Miller Institute in Cromarty, combining a library and museum, to mark the centenary, was only partly successful, and the library element only was built. The cottage museum was transferred to the Cromarty Burgh Council in 1926 and the National Trust for Scotland in 1938. It was refurbished for the 1952 and just after the 2002 anniversaries, with transfer of some specimens and MSS to the Royal Scottish Museum and National Library of Scotland. The Cottage now operates as the Hugh Miller Birthplace Cottage and Museum together with Miller House, another family home, next door, with further specimens loaned by National Museums Scotland. The hitherto poorly understood fate of Miller's papers is outlined. They are important for research and as display objects. Most seem to have been lost, especially through the early death of his daughter Harriet Davidson (1839-1883) in Australia. Miller's collection illustrates some of the problems and opportunities of displaying named geological collections in museums, and the use of manuscripts and personalia with them. The exhibition strategies can be shown to respond to changing perceptions of Miller, famous in his time but much less well known latterly. There is, in retrospect, a clear long-term pattern of collaboration between museums and libraries in Edinburgh, Cromarty and elsewhere, strongly coupled to the fifty-year cycle of the anniversaries of Miller's birth.
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Orlova, T. "Development of Public History in Australia." Problems of World History, no. 15 (September 14, 2021): 193–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2021-15-10.
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The present article is aimed at demonstrating the importance of new for Ukrainian historiography direction of public history, for the country’s development and for strengthening its stance at the international arena. Australia is taken for an example, as it has turned from once remote Terra Incognita into one of the leading nations of the modern world. It is emphasized that, regardless of attainments, the identity issue is still as urgent as to other countries in the conditions of a global crisis. The sources of the public history trend are revealed, explained are the factors conducive to its spread planet-wise, attention is brought to the fact that this trend has become a natural result of developments in the science of history in the Western civilization, encompassing countries of Europe, the Americas, and Australia. The latter, being a ramification of the Western civilization branch, has adopted the guidelines outlined by American scholars, driven by pragmatic considerations.
Steps are determined in the institutionalization of the said direction, a characteristic is given to the activities of the Australian Center of Public History at Sydney Technology University, of the journal “Public History Survey”, as well as to the specifics of their work in the digital era under the motto: “History for the public, about the public, together with the public”. The same motto is leading the historians working with local and family history, cooperating with the State in the field of commemoration, placing great importance on museums, memorials, monuments. Considering national holidays, particular attention is given to the National Day of Apology, reflecting the complications of Australian history. Like American public history, the Australian one began to give much attention to those groups of population that were previously omitted by the focus of research, namely, the aborigines.
A conclusion is made regarding the importance of history in general and public history in particular for the implementation of the national identity policy – an important token of the nation’s stable and successful progress.
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Mesibov, Robert. "An audit of some processing effects in aggregated occurrence records." ZooKeys 751 (April 20, 2018): 129–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.751.24791.
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A total of ca 800,000 occurrence records from the Australian Museum (AM), Museums Victoria (MV) and the New Zealand Arthropod Collection (NZAC) were audited for changes in selected Darwin Core fields after processing by the Atlas of Living Australia (ALA; for AM and MV records) and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF; for AM, MV and NZAC records). Formal taxon names in the genus- and species-groups were changed in 13–21% of AM and MV records, depending on dataset and aggregator. There was little agreement between the two aggregators on processed names, with names changed in two to three times as many records by one aggregator alone compared to records with names changed by both aggregators. The type status of specimen records did not change with name changes, resulting in confusion as to the name with which a type was associated. Data losses of up to 100% were found after processing in some fields, apparently due to programming errors. The taxonomic usefulness of occurrence records could be improved if aggregators included both original and the processed taxonomic data items for each record. It is recommended that end-users check original and processed records for data loss and name replacements after processing by aggregators.
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Ginn, Geoffrey A. C. "Exhibiting War: The Great War, Museums and Memory in Britain, Canada, and Australia." Australian Journal of Politics & History 65, no. 1 (March 2019): 157–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajph.12558.
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KOWAL, EMMA. "Spencer's double: the decolonial afterlife of a postcolonial museum prop." BJHS Themes 4 (2019): 55–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bjt.2019.12.
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AbstractIn the mid-1990s, staff at Museum Victoria planned the new Melbourne Museum. The Indigenous gallery was a major focus at a time when many museums around the world forged new ways of displaying Indigenous heritage. Named Bunjilaka (a Woiwurrung word meaning ‘place of Bunjil', referring to the ancestral eaglehawk), the permanent Indigenous exhibit was a bold expression of community consultation and reflexive museum practice. At its heart was a life-size model of Baldwin Spencer, co-author of the classic anthropological monograph The Native Tribes of Central Australia (1899). When Bunjilaka was replaced with a wholly Indigenous-designed exhibit of Aboriginal Victoria in 2011, the model was informally retained by museum staff. Initially sitting awkwardly on a trolley in a narrow room where objects were processed for accession, Spencer himself remained unrecorded in any database. With no official existence but considerable gravity, he ended up housed in the secret/sacred room, surrounded by restricted objects that Spencer the man had collected. This article traces Spencer's journey from a post-colonial pedagogical tool to a transgressive pseudo-sacred object in an emerging era of decolonial museology. I argue that Spencer's fate indicates a distinct period of post-colonial museology (c.1990–2010) that has ended, and illustrates how the shifting historical legacies of science operate in the present.
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Wellington, Jennifer. "War Trophies, War Memorabilia, and the Iconography of Victory in the British Empire." Journal of Contemporary History 54, no. 4 (September 5, 2019): 737–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009419864159.
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Cultural efforts to mobilise populations behind the war in Britain and its Dominions, Canada and Australia – especially through the exhibition of war trophies – solidified after the Armistice into state-supported institutions creating and promoting a culture of victory. This culture was most pronounced, and most centralised, in Australia. Wartime propaganda institutions grew into national war museums which effectively froze the victorious national war effort, and the moment of triumph, in three-dimensional form. The institutions, and the people who ran them, did not demobilise with the peace. These museums used substantially the same objects and techniques they had used in wartime to support the war effort to create a postwar narrative in which victory established a clear (and martial) national identity, and also justified the war itself. At the same time, the narrative of a British imperial victory was used to create claims of unity which denied the reality of divisions in society. Trophies wrested from wartime enemies were used as pride-inducing objects to fundraise for peace, and fashioned into war memorials that were at once sites of mourning and monuments celebrating military dominance. Visions of postwar peace and progress could not be disentangled from victory and the violence that enabled it.
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SMALES, L. R., R. D. ADLARD, A. ELLIOT, E. KELLY, A. J. LYMBERY, T. L. MILLER, and S. SHAMSI. "A review of the Acanthocephala parasitising freshwater fishes in Australia." Parasitology 145, no. 3 (September 25, 2017): 249–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182017001627.
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SUMMARYThe acanthocephalan fauna of Australian freshwater fishes was documented from field surveys, a literature survey and examination of specimens registered in Australian museums. From the 4030 fishes, representing 78 of the 354 Australian freshwater fish species (22%), examined for infection seven species of acanthocephalan were recovered. These species comprised five endemic species, three in endemic genera, two species in cosmopolitan genera, one species not fully identified and 1 putative exotic species recovered from eight species of fish. Of theseEdmonsacanthus blairifromMelanotaenia splendida,was the only acanthocephalan found at a relatively high prevalence of 38·6%. These findings are indicative of a highly endemic and possibly depauperate acanthocephalan fauna. Species richness was higher in the tropical regions than the temperate regions of the country. Exotic acanthocephalan species have either not been introduced with their exotic hosts or have been unable to establish their life cycles in Australian conditions. Consequently, acanthocephalans have not yet invaded endemic Australian fish hosts.
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Nelson, Gil, and Shari Ellis. "The history and impact of digitization and digital data mobilization on biodiversity research." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1763 (November 19, 2018): 20170391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0391.
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The first two decades of the twenty-first century have seen a rapid rise in the mobilization of digital biodiversity data. This has thrust natural history museums into the forefront of biodiversity research, underscoring their central role in the modern scientific enterprise. The advent of mobilization initiatives such as the United States National Science Foundation's Advancing Digitization of Biodiversity Collections (ADBC), Australia's Atlas of Living Australia (ALA), Mexico's National Commission for the Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity (CONABIO), Brazil's Centro de Referência em Informação (CRIA) and China's National Specimen Information Infrastructure (NSII) has led to a rapid rise in data aggregators and an exponential increase in digital data for scientific research and arguably provide the best evidence of where species live. The international Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) now serves about 131 million museum specimen records, and Integrated Digitized Biocollections (iDigBio) in the USA has amassed more than 115 million. These resources expose collections to a wider audience of researchers, provide the best biodiversity data in the modern era outside of nature itself and ensure the primacy of specimen-based research. Here, we provide a brief history of worldwide data mobilization, their impact on biodiversity research, challenges for ensuring data quality, their contribution to scientific publications and evidence of the rising profiles of natural history collections. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Biological collections for understanding biodiversity in the Anthropocene’.
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Antlej, Kaja, Robert Leen, and Angelina Russo. "3D Food Printing in Museum Makerspaces: Creative Reinterpretation of Heritage." KnE Engineering 2, no. 2 (February 9, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/keg.v2i2.588.
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In recent years, studies into the production of food have broadened to include design and design methods. At the same time 3D food printing (3DFP) is emerging as a viable technology for the production of consumer quality edible products. While advances in 3DFP are witnessed weekly, its use in the context of museums has yet to be explored in depth. In this paper we propose that the museum can be used as a laboratory for engaging audiences in new/creative food production and resultant reinterpretations of heritage through their makerspaces. We explore how a traditional cuisine could be used to inspire younger generations to explore STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) and, vice versa, how technology enthusiasts could be motivated to explore culinary heritage by preparing food with digital fabricators. This paper reports on the initial research undertaken with the Slovenian diasporic group in Australia. Our results from the in-depth interviews demonstrated that making traditional desserts present a challenge for younger generation. Thus it was decided that a <em>potica</em> cake would be chosen as a test case for engagement with heritage through creative 3DFP. Non-edible 3D printed visual prototypes of a jelly cake with a secret message were also trialled. Our research output offers a suitable case study for the central premise that the museum can be used as a laboratory for engaging audiences in creative food production.
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Barwick, Linda, Sharon Huebner, Lyndon Ormond-Parker, and Sally Treloyn. "Reclaiming archives: guest editorial." Preservation, Digital Technology & Culture 50, no. 3-4 (December 1, 2021): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pdtc-2022-0008.
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Abstract Highlighting perspectives from First Nations peoples whose cultural heritage is held in archives of various types, this article sets the scene for this special edition on “Reclaiming Archives.” Emerging protocols for Indigenous community engagement with archiving institutions have been driven by community demands for access, digitisation and return of archival cultural heritage records, and supported by various peak professional organisations such as the International Council on Archives, the International Council of Museums and the Indigenous Archives Collective. A complex history of exploitation, resistance and trauma surrounds First Nations cultural records created during Australia“s “Assimilation Era“ (roughly 1935-1975), and several contributions to the volume explore the implications of this colonial past for management and reclamation of such archival records today. Indeed, the authors contend that institutions today have much to learn from engagement with community members seeking to reappropriate their cultural records. The essay finishes by relating the issues outlined above to the articles presented in this issue, which provide perspectives from Australia and internationally regarding Indigenous cultural collections, with special reference to research-based collections of Indigenous music and dance.
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DANKITTIPAKUL, PAKAWIN, MARIA TAVANO, and TIPPAWAN SINGTRIPOP. "Notes on Burmese spiders formerly attributed to the genus Storena (Zodariidae, Araneae) PAKAWIN DANKITTIPAKUL (Thailand), MARIA TAVANO (Italy) & TIPPAWAN SINGTRIPO (Thailand)." Zootaxa 3048, no. 1 (October 4, 2011): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3048.1.3.
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Studies on the spider fauna of Southeast Asia resulted in a review of five Storena species which were previously described from Burma. These species were misplaced in Storena Walckenaer, 1805, a zodariid genus that is endemic to Australia. Four species are here transferred to Mallinella Strand, 1906: Mallinella suavis (Thorell, 1895) comb. nov., M. exornata (Thorell, 1887) comb. nov., M. fronto (Thorell, 1887) comb. nov., and M. decorata (Thorell, 1885) comb. nov. Mallinella irrorata (Thorell, 1887) belongs to an undescribed genus of the subfamily Zodariinae. This study also gives a complete list of all Storena specimens examined and studied by Thorell which are now deposited in four European museums.
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Lam, Duyen, Thuong Hoang, and Atul Sajjanhar. "Identification of Usability Issues of Interactive Technologies in Cultural Heritage through Heuristic Evaluations and Usability Surveys." Multimodal Technologies and Interaction 5, no. 12 (November 29, 2021): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mti5120075.
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Usability is a principal aspect of the system development process to improve and augment system facilities and meet users’ needs and necessities in all domains. It is no exception for cultural heritage. Usability problems of the interactive technology practice in cultural heritage museums should be recognized thoroughly from the viewpoints of experts and users. This paper reports on a two-phase empirical study to identify the usability problems in audio guides and websites of cultural heritage museums in Vietnam, as a developing country, and Australia, as a developed country. In phase one, five-user experience experts identified usability problems using the set of usability heuristics, and proposed suggestions to mitigate these issues. Ten usability heuristics identified a total of 176 problems for audio guides and websites. In phase two, we conducted field usability surveys to collect the real users’ opinions to detect the usability issues and examine the negative-ranked usability. The outstanding issues for audio guides and websites were pointed out. Identification of relevant usability issues and users’ and experts’ suggestions for these technologies should be given immediate attention to helping organizations and interactive service providers improve technologies’ adoptions. The paper’s findings are reliable inputs for our future study about the preeminent UX framework for interactive technology in the CH domain.
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Wheeler, Barbara, and Linda Young. "Antarctica in museums: the Mawson collections in Australia." Polar Record 36, no. 198 (July 2000): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400016454.
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AbstractThe relics of polar exploration are treasured in the museums of a multitude of nations. In Australia, the focus of most such collections is Sir Douglas Mawson and his expeditions to Antarctica in 1911–14 and 1929–31. The nature of these collections divides into the two large categories of scientific specimens and expedition relics. The latter are spread among Australian and other museums in a distribution that speaks of fascination with the exotic and heroic aspects of the Australasian Antarctic Expedition and the geopolitical ramifications of the British, Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition. The specimens, by contrast, have not been treated well, and although thoroughly documented, may be close to losing their integrity as scientific resources. Both types of material merit the renewed attention of their museum-keepers as resources on the history of Antarctica.
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KERN, EMILY M. "Archaeology enters the ‘atomic age’: a short history of radiocarbon, 1946–1960." British Journal for the History of Science 53, no. 2 (March 13, 2020): 207–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087420000011.
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AbstractToday, the most powerful research technique available for assigning chronometric age to human cultural objects is radiocarbon dating. Developed in the United States in the late 1940s by an alumnus of the Manhattan Project, radiocarbon dating measures the decay of the radioactive isotope carbon-14 (C14) in organic material, and calculates the time elapsed since the materials were removed from the life cycle. This paper traces the interdisciplinary collaboration between archaeology and radiochemistry that led to the successful development of radiocarbon dating in the early 1950s, following the movement of people and ideas from Willard Libby's Chicago radiocarbon laboratory to museums, universities and government labs in the United States, Australia, Denmark and New Zealand. I show how radiocarbon research built on existing technologies and networks in atomic chemistry and physics but was deeply shaped by its original private philanthropic funders and archaeologist users, and ultimately remained to the side of many contemporaneous Cold War scientific and military projects.
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KARANOVIC, IVANA. "On the recent Cyclocypridinae (Podocopida, Candonidae) with description of two new genera and one new species." Zootaxa 2820, no. 1 (April 14, 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2820.1.1.
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The recent representatives of the subfamily Cyclocypridinae Kaufmann, 1900 are revised here, based on some newly collected Australian material, as well as an extensive study of type material of already described species deposited in various museums. The following two new genera are proposed: Kempfcyclocypris gen. nov. and Keysercypria gen. nov. The genus Kempfcyclocypris is erected to include single new species from subterranean waters of New South Wales, Australia. Kempfcyclocypris australis gen. et sp. nov. can be distinguished from other members of the subfamily by the following characters: 6-segmented antennula, absence of the sexual bristles on antenna, weakly asymmetrical prehensile palps, absence of the basal seta on the second thoracopod, and the long distal seta on the penultimate segment of the third thoracopod. Keysercypria is erected to include some South American species previously described in the genera Physocypria Vávra, 1897 or Cypria Zenker, 1854. The main characters of this genus are: rather globular carapace, with or without marginal tubercles; very short setae on endopodal segments of the third thoracopod; unequally long setae “h1” and “h2” on the terminal segment of the same appendage; and the presence of the basal seta on the second thoracopod. Keysercypria affinis (Klie, 1933) comb. nov. is chosen as the type species and, together with K. deformis (Klie, 1940) comb. nov., K. longiseta (Klie, 1930) comb. nov., K. obtusa (Klie, 1940) comb. nov., and K. pellucida (Sars, 1901), redescribed in the present paper and lectotype and paralectotype are designated. After examining and redescribing the type species of the genus Physocypria Vávra, 1897, P. bullata Vávra, 1897, the genus Mecynocypria Rome, 1962 is synonymised with Physocypria. Lectotype of P. bullata is here designated. For each valid genus a diagnosis, a key to species and a distribution map are provided. A list of six genera and 87 species, currently belonging to the subfamily Cyclocypridinae, is given at the end of the paper, along with their synonyms. Twenty four species are not included in the keys due to lack of data; these are also listed at the end of the paper.
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COOPER, BARRY J., and JAMES B. JAGO. "ROBERT BEDFORD (1874–1951), THE KYANCUTTA MUSEUM, AND A UNIQUE CONTRIBUTION TO INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGY." Earth Sciences History 37, no. 2 (January 1, 2018): 416–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/1944-6178-37.2.416.
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Robert Bedford (1874–1951), based in the isolated community of Kyancutta in South Australia, was a unique contributor to world geology, specifically in the field of meteorites and fossil archaeocyatha. Born Robert Arthur Buddicom in Shropshire, UK, he was an Oxford graduate who worked as a scientist in Freiberg, Naples, Birmingham and Shrewsbury as well as with the Natural History Museum, Kensington and the Plymouth Museum in the United Kingdom. He was a Fellow of the Geological Society of London, 1899–1910. In 1915, Buddicom changed his surname to Bedford and relocated to South Australia. During the 1920s, Bedford expanded his geological interests with the establishment of a public museum in Kyancutta in 1929. This included material previously collected and stored in the United Kingdom before being sent to Australia. Bedford was very successful in collecting material from the distant Henbury meteorite craters in Australia's Northern Territory, during three separate trips in 1931–1933. He became an authority on meteorites with much Henbury material being sent to the British Museum in London. However, Bedford's work on, and collecting of, meteorites resulted in a serious rift with the South Australian scientific establishment. Bedford is best known amongst geologists for his five taxonomic papers on the superbly preserved lower Cambrian archaeocyath fossils from the Ajax Mine near Beltana in South Australia's Flinders Ranges with field work commencing in about 1932 and extending until World War II. This research, describing thirty new genera and ninety-nine new species, was published in the Memoirs of the Kyancutta Museum, a journal that Bedford personally established and financed in 1934. These papers are regularly referenced today in international research dealing with archaeocyaths.
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Chapple, David G., Mark N. Hutchinson, Brad Maryan, Mike Plivelich, Jennifer A. Moore, and J. Scott Keogh. "Evolution and maintenance of colour pattern polymorphism in Liopholis (Squamata:Scincidae)." Australian Journal of Zoology 56, no. 2 (2008): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo08040.
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We examined the evolution and maintenance of colour pattern polymorphism in an Australian lineage of scincid lizards, the genus Liopholis. Liopholis comprises 11 species, with representatives in both the temperate zone and arid zone. Specimens from all major Australian museums were examined to characterise colour pattern polymorphism within Liopholis, and investigate geographic variation in the relative abundance of morphs within polymorphic species. We used a previously published phylogeny for Liopholis to investigate the evolution and maintenance of colour pattern polymorphism within the group. Five species were found to exhibit colour pattern polymorphism (L. margaretae margaretae Storr, L. m. personata Storr, L. montana Donnellan et al., L. multiscutata Mitchell & Behrndt, L. pulchra Werner, L. whitii Lacépède), with six species being monomorphic (L. guthega Donnellan et al., L. inornata Rosén, L. kintorei Stirling & Zietz, L. modesta Storr, L. slateri Storr, L. striata Sternfeld). Three colour morphs occur in L. whitii, with the relative abundance of each varying significantly among latitudes. The patterned morph is most common, while the incidence of the plain-back morph decreases at latitudes higher than 35°S. The L. whitii patternless morph occurs only within a narrow latitudinal band (34–38°S). In L. multiscutata, the relative abundance of the patterned (~89–93%) and patternless morph (~7–11%) is consistent across regions, except for the Nullarbor Plain region where the patternless morph is more common (~39%). Our analyses suggest a single origin of colour pattern polymorphism in Liopholis, followed by the subsequent loss of polymorphism on four occasions. The secondary loss of polymorphism might be associated with climate or habitat, possibly as the result of shifts into the arid zone or alpine regions of Australia. This study provides the necessary framework for future studies of colour pattern polymorphism in Liopholis.
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ALLSOPP, PETER G., and PETER J. HUDSON. "Novapus bifidus Carne, 1957, a primary homonym and synonym of Novapus bifidus Lea, 1910 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae)." Zootaxa 4560, no. 3 (February 26, 2019): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.9.
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In his landmark revision of the Australian Dynastinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Phil Carne (1957) described Novapus bifidus Carne, 1957 from males and females collected at Cape York and Thursday Island. The type series is in the Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra, Australia (ANIC); the Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom; the South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia (SAM); and the Museum of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia. He noted “In the collections of the South Australian Museum there are specimens designated as types of bifidus Lea. No description of this species has been published, and it is now described under the same specific name”. One of his paratypes is a female in SAM identified as “Lea’s unpublished ♀ type” and two other paratypes are males in SAM. Cassis & Weir (1992) noted that one of the SAM specimens has the registration number I4268, although they knew of only two paratypes (one male, one female) in that collection. The name has been attributed to Carne by most subsequent authors (Endrődi 1974, 1985; Carne & Allsopp 1987; Cassis & Weir 1992; Dechambre 2005; Atlas of Living Australia 2018.). Krajcik (2005, 2012) listed it in his scarab checklists but as “bifidus? Carne 1957”.
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Mendes, Luis Fernandes, Miquel Gaju-Ricart, Rafael Molero-Baltanás, and Carmen Bach de Roca. "On the genera Allomachilis Silvestri, 1906, and Kuschelochilis Wygodzinsky, 1951 (Insecta: Microcoryphia)." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 44, no. 8 (August 2009): 984–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2009000800029.
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The objective of this study was to revise the nominal, and only described, species of the genera Allomachilis Silvestri, 1906, from Australia, and Kuschelochilis Wygodzinsky, 1951, from Chile (Microcoryphia: Meinertellidae). The studied specimens came from the collections deposited in the: American Museum of Natural History (USA); Instituto di Entomologia Agraria dell'Università di Portici (Italy); South Australian Museum (Australia); Carmen Bach collection of the Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona (Spain); and the entomology collection of the Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical (Portugal). The revision of the nominal species of the genera Allomachilis and Kuschelochilis allows to consider the Neotropical genus a junior synonym of the Australian one.
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BEAVER, ETHAN P., MICHAEL D. MOORE, ALEJANDRO VELASCO-CASTRILLÓN, and MARK I. STEVENS. "Three new ghost moths of the genus Oxycanus Walker, 1856 from Australia (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae)." Zootaxa 4732, no. 3 (February 13, 2020): 351–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4732.3.1.
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Three new species of ghost moth, Oxycanus ephemerous sp. nov., O. flavoplumosus sp. nov., and O. petalous sp. nov. are described from South Australia, New South Wales, and south-west Western Australia, respectively. We illustrate these species and compare morphological and molecular (mtDNA COI gene) characters with similar Oxycanus Walker, 1856 species from Australia. Comparative images of Oxycanus subvaria (Walker, 1856), O. byrsa (Pfitzner, 1933), and O. determinata (Walker, 1856) are figured. The type material of the three new species are held in the Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra, the Western Australian Museum, Perth, and in the South Australian Museum, Adelaide. The type specimens of Oxycanus hildae Tindale, 1964 syn. n. were also examined and the taxon is here considered synonymous with O. subvaria. Concerns are raised about the conservation status of all three new species due to few or localised distribution records.
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Endersby, Jim. "The evolving museum." Public Understanding of Science 6, no. 2 (April 1997): 185–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0963-6625/6/2/005.
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This paper examines a recent exhibition on evolution at the Australian Museum, in Sydney, and contrasts it with the museum's earlier exhibitions on the same theme, looking at the images of science each presents. The differences between the most recent display and its predecessors can be broadly grouped under three themes: the use of narrative and chronology to organize the display; the use of realistic dioramas and reconstructions; and the use of glass cases to keep the visitors and the science apart. Partly through deliberate decisions and partly through other pressures—including space, time and financial considerations—the newest exhibition has resolved some of the problems exemplified by the earlier ones. Nevertheless, other difficulties remain and the conclusion sketches some possible directions which museum designers might explore in the future.
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McLAY, COLIN L., and ANDREW M. HOSIE. "The sponge crabs of Western Australia and the Northwest Shelf with descriptions of new genera and species (Crustacea: Brachyura: Dromiidae)." Zootaxa 5129, no. 3 (April 28, 2022): 301–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5129.3.1.
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The Dromiidae of Western Australia are summarized primarily based on specimens from the collection of the Western Australian Museum and some additional material from the Australian Museum, Sydney. The genus Alainodromia McLay 1998, is recorded from Camden Sound, Australia, as a new species Alainodromia dambimangari sp. nov. New evidence suggests that the species of Alainodromia are very likely shell carriers that also have direct development. Five species of Cryptodromia are reported from Western Australia and a new genus, Baccadromia gen. nov., is erected for Dromia (Cryptodromia) bullifera Alcock, 1900. The genus Lamarckdromia Guinot & Tavares, 2003 is revised and now includes three species: L. beagle sp. nov., L. excavata (Stimpson, 1858) and L. globosa (Lamarck, 1818). Six species of Dromiidae are new to Australia: Baccadromia bullifera (Alcock, 1900), Cryptodromia amboinensis (De Man, 1888), C. pileifera Alcock, 1901, Epigodromia rotunda McLay, 1993, and Foredromia rostrata McLay, 2002. New records for Western Australia include: Cryptodromia hilgendorfi De Man, 1888, Epigodromia areolata (Ihle, 1913) and Lewindromia unidentata (Rüppell, 1830). A total of 31 species of dromiid crabs are now known from Western Australian coast with five species endemic to the state. There are more than 40 species of Dromiidae known from Australia of which about 40% are endemic.
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Helgen, Kristofer M., and Timothy F. Flannery. "Taxonomy and historical distribution of the wallaby genus Lagostrophus." Australian Journal of Zoology 51, no. 3 (2003): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo02078.
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The banded hare-wallaby (Lagostrophus fasciatus) is an endangered macropodid currently restricted to Bernier and Dorre Islands in Shark Bay, Western Australia. Historically, L. fasciatus was also recorded on the Australian mainland from far western Australia, where it became locally extinct early in the twentieth century. Here we discuss an overlooked museum specimen of L. fasciatus collected in the mid-nineteenth century near Adelaide, South Australia. This specimen considerably extends the known historical distribution of L. fasciatus, validates anecdotal reports of the species from South Australia made by early Australian naturalists, and forms the basis for our description of a new subspecies.
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Ivanova, Elena A. "Past, Present and Future of Libraries in the Mirror of Rumyantsev Readings — 2019." Bibliotekovedenie [Library and Information Science (Russia)] 68, no. 4 (August 27, 2019): 435–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2019-68-4-435-447.
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International scientific and practical conference “Rumyantsev readings — 2019” was held on April 23—24 in the Russian State Library. The conference covered a wide range of issues: “Libraries and museums in the context of history”; “History of the Russian State Library”; “Disclosure of universal and specialized collections of libraries: forms and methods”; “Future of libraries: evaluations, studies, forecasts”; “Libraries as centres of information-bibliographic activities”; “Library collections and library-information services in the age of electronic communications”; “Professional development of library staff: demands of time. Library as educational centre”; “International cooperation of libraries. Library as a platform for intercultural dialogue”. The conference was attended by specialists from libraries, museums, archives, universities and research institutes, representatives of professional associations and organizations from various regions of Russia and from Australia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Latvia, the United States of America, Tajikistan and Ukraine. Among the sections and round tables of “Rumyantsev readings” were both traditional, held within the framework of the conference on annual basis, and timed to the memorable dates and visits of foreign colleagues of the year. In 2019, the following sections were held: “Art editions in the collections of libraries: issues of study, preservation and promotion”, “Library classification systems”, “Rare and valuable books, book monuments and collections”, “Manuscript sources in the collections of libraries”, “Specialized collections in libraries”, “Collectors, researchers, keepers. Libraries in the context of history”, “Continuing education as a competence resource of library staff”, “Theory and practice of librarianship development at the present stage”, “Library digitalization: trends, problems, prospects”, “Effective library management: problems and solutions. (Pre-session meeting of the 32nd Section of the Russian Library Association on library management and marketing)”. Seminar from the series “Role of science in the development of libraries (theoretical and practical aspects)” “N.M. Sikorsky: scientist, organizer of book science and librarianship. To the 100th birth anniversary” took place. There were organized Round tables: “The new National standard for bibliographic description GOST R 7.0.100—2018 in the modern information environment”, “Library terminology in the context of digital space”, “Cooperation of libraries of the CIS countries: strategic directions”, “Flagship projects that shape the future of libraries”. The growing number of participants, the breadth of topics, the steady interest of specialists in traditional sections and the annual organization of new events in the form and content of the “Rumyantsev readings” allow the conference to stay among the largest scientific and practical events of library research in the country. The search for new topics and the introduction of topical issues on the agenda contribute to both activation of historical research and the search for ways of innovative development and intercultural interaction.
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LEEUWEN, MICHAEL VAN. "Simon Rood Pittard (1821–1861) Curator of the Australian Museum." Archives of Natural History 25, no. 1 (February 1998): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.1998.25.1.9.
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Previous historians of the Australian Museum (Strahan, 1979; Whitley, 1959) have tended to regard Simon Rood Pittard's short term as Curator of the Australian Museum almost purely as a precursor to that of the most important Australian-based Curator of the nineteenth century, Gerard Krefft (1830– 1881). Without the disruption caused by Pittard's untimely death, Krefft would never have become Curator (with the responsibilities of Director), with such important consequences for the Museum. However, Pittard's work does bear scrutiny as part of the mid-century development of the Museum along more professional lines. In the short period that Pittard was active at the Museum he fulfilled many of the requirements placed upon him by the Trustees, including the propagation of the study of natural history via a series of very successful lectures; advising of the Museum's existence and activities with a series of exchange letters around the globe; and the design of a new wing of the Museum. Pittard's role in the beginnings of the evolutionary debate in the Colony is also of great interest. It will also be shown how Pittard's death led directly to the elevation of Gerard Krefft to the curatorship of the Museum.
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Burrell, Sarah. "Extra-interior." idea journal 18, no. 01 (August 31, 2021): 151–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37113/ij.v18i01.435.
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This article responds to the challenges facing creative practitioners whose work engages with aspects of ‘public’ provoked by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The temporary physical closures of established creative infrastructures such as galleries, museums and festivals have disrupted the traditional dynamics of production and reception. This presents both challenges and opportunities for artists and designers to develop new forms of creative engagement with public audiences and spaces. The confinement of people to a 5-kilometre radius during extended lockdowns in Melbourne, Australia in 2020 prompted a reflection on the opportunities of the ‘local’ as a particular context for creative practice. This restriction imposed a perimeter that brought people’s day- to-day lives into an enclosed loop and produced what could be thought of as a form of interior. In this period, ordinary domestic and local spaces — for example the home office or studio gained manifold functions for many creative practitioners, including as a space for self- initiated public presentations of their work. In several cases, windows, balconies, and doorways became thresholds for interaction with passers-by. This self-broadcasting situation provided an opportunity for practitioners to play an active role in cultivating new relations and forms of publicity from a localised setting. In this article, these shifts in practice are investigated through a critical reflection on a series of spatial interventions within a street-facing window of a studio space in Brunswick, Melbourne, an inner-city suburb where residential streets mix with spaces of industrial and creative production. The liminal space of the window became a way to speculate on the concept of thresholds between diverse conditions, including public and private, art and the everyday, urban and local, and interior and exterior. These investigations engaged with a ‘makeshift’ mode of practice, leading to the production of extra-ordinary interior conditions.
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Butler-Henderson, Kerryn, Alisa Percy, and Jo-Anne Kelder. "Editorial 18:3 Celebrating women in higher education on International Women’s Day." Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice 18, no. 3 (July 1, 2021): 2–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.53761/1.18.3.1.
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We have timed publishing our first standard issue of the year to coincide with International Woman’s Day, 8 March 2021 to celebrate the contribution women have made to higher education. The first woman documented as teaching in a university was more than 800 years ago, and yet it is only the last century that the number of female academics has started to increase (Whaley, 2011). In Australia, the first university was established in 1851, yet it would be another 32 years until Julia Guerin graduated in 1883 from the University of Melbourne with a Bachelor of Arts (Hons) in 1883 (Women's Museum of Australia, 2020). And another 10 years when Leonora Little graduated from Melbourne University with a Bachelor of Science in 1983. Despite these accomplishments in the late 19th century, it was not until 1959 when the first woman, Dorothy Hill, was awarded a Chair appointment (Chair of Geology) in an Australian university, and nearly a century before Australia has its first female Vice Chancellor, when Dianne Yerbury became the Vice-Chancellor of Macquarie University in 1987, a position she held for twenty years. Australia’s higher education history tells a clear story of the slow integration of women in higher education, particularly within the STEM fields. For example, Little graduated in 1893 with a Bachelor of Science, but it was 1928 before the first female Lecturer in Mathematics, Ethel Raybould was appointed, and another 36 years before Hanna Neumann became the first female Professor of Pure Mathematics in 1964. It was just over 60 years ago that Margaret Williams-Weir was the first female Indigenous Australian to graduate with a university qualification in 1959. Female Indigenous Australians remain under-represented in the Australian university graduate population. The current situation for Australian higher education still retains a dominance of males within academic roles, such as 30 percent more men in Associate and Full Professor roles than women (Devlin, 2021). And whilst there has been progress in some jurisdictions, such as the majority of Queensland vice chancellors are women in 2021, these continue to be the exception, for example only 28% of vice chancellors in Australia are women. International Woman’s Day is an opportunity to reflect on the significant contribution women make in higher education in Australia and globally. We celebrate through the publication of this issue, with many female authors from across higher education globally.
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Smith, Ursula, Georgia Knight, Tyson Lovett-Murray, Denis Rose, and Dermot Henry. "The Field Guide to the Budj Bim Cultural Landscape app: A Partnership Between the Gunditjmara Community and Museums Victoria." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (June 15, 2018): e26891. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.26891.
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In March 2011 Museums Victoria participated in the Australian Biological Resources Study’s Bush Blitz in Kurtonitj, Lake Condah and Tyrendarra Indigenous Protected Areas in western Victoria. These areas form part of the Budj Bim Cultural Heritage Landscape recently nominated for World Heritage Status. The Bush Blitz found 854 species that were not previously recorded from the reserves, including over a dozen new to science. Thousands of specimens of plants and animals were collected during the survey, including over 1000 by Museums Victoria. The Bush Blitz ran in close cooperation with Gunditjmara Traditional Owners and Working on Country rangers. The relationship established between Museums Victoria and the Gunditjmara during the initial Bush Blitz resulted in several return trips by Museum scientists. From these grew a project to combine the Gunditjmara’s traditional knowledge of the animals of their Country with the scientific knowledge generated through the Bush Blitz and other surveys. The result is a free app for iOS and Android, the Field Guide to the Budj Bim Cultural Landscape, presenting over 250 species found in and around the area. For over two-thirds of these species traditional knowledge is included, such as names in the Dhauwurd Wurrung language, information on how they were hunted and used as well as beliefs and stories. Images and descriptions of cultural objects related to daily life in this landscape are also presented. The app contains over 700 images of wildlife and country as well as calls from frogs, birds and mammals. The content of the app was developed by staff at Museums Victoria in collaboration with the Gunditj Mirring Traditional Owners Aboriginal Corporation. We believe this is the first time this sort of synthesis of cultural knowledge specific to the biodiversity of an area has been presented alongside the scientific knowledge. The app is being used on Country by Gunditjmara for education within the community, by heritage researchers working in the area and by other visitors to Stone Country. We hoped the app would be a model that other communities could adopt using the freely available code and we have had enquires about managing data for similar projects. All the information in the app is stored within the museum’s collection management database (EMu) allowing its association with taxonomy as well as specimens from the area, enriching our knowledge and understanding of our collections.
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Vernes, Karl, Sandy Ingleby, and Mark D. B. Eldridge. "An overlooked, early record of the desert rat-kangaroo (Caloprymnus campestris) from Lake Killalpaninna, South Australia." Australian Mammalogy 42, no. 2 (2020): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am18043.
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The desert rat-kangaroo (Caloprymnus campestris) is known from specimens collected at just a few localities in north-eastern South Australia. We examined a C. campestris skin (M21674) in the collection of the Australian Museum, that was collected by Henry James Hillier at Lake Killalpaninna in South Australia between 1902 and 1905. This is a new locality for C. campestris, and the most southerly recorded. Furthermore, it precedes Hedley Herbert Finlayson’s rediscovery of the desert rat-kangaroo in 1931 by more than 25 years.
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Grincheva, Natalia. "The Form and Content of ‘Digital Spatiality’: Mapping the Soft Power of DreamWorks Animation in Asia." Asiascape: Digital Asia 6, no. 1-2 (April 29, 2019): 58–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22142312-12340102.
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Abstract The article explores a series of blockbuster exhibitions of DreamWorks Animation developed by the Australian Centre of the Moving Image (ACMI) in collaboration with one of the largest Hollywood producers. Curated by ACMI, this blockbuster exhibition was designed to provide a behind-the-scenes look into collaborative processes involved in DreamWorks animations. This exhibition travelled across the Asia-Pacific in 2015-2017 and was hosted by a number of museums, such as the ArtScience Museum in Singapore, the Te Papa Museum in New Zealand, the Seoul Museum of Art in South Korea, and the National Taiwan Science and Education Centre in Taiwan. It displayed over 400 unique objects from the studio’s archive ‘of rare and never before displayed material’, such as drawings, models, maps, photographs, posters, and other artworks. The article explores the highly favourable reception to the DreamWorks Animation blockbuster in different cities in Asia. It employs a geo-visualization of Asian engagement with the blockbuster exhibit to reveal and explain local and global mechanisms of ‘attraction’ power, generated by DreamWorks in different Asian countries. Contributing to the special issue, this article engages with two aspects of it: the form, cultural digital mapping; and the content, the nature of media pop culture exemplified through the traveling blockbuster.
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Bekele, Mafkereseb Kassahun, Erik Champion, David A. McMeekin, and Hafizur Rahaman. "The Influence of Collaborative and Multi-Modal Mixed Reality: Cultural Learning in Virtual Heritage." Multimodal Technologies and Interaction 5, no. 12 (December 5, 2021): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mti5120079.
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Studies in the virtual heritage (VH) domain identify collaboration (social interaction), engagement, and a contextual relationship as key elements of interaction design that influence users’ experience and cultural learning in VH applications. The purpose of this study is to validate whether collaboration (social interaction), engaging experience, and a contextual relationship enhance cultural learning in a collaborative and multi-modal mixed reality (MR) heritage environment. To this end, we have designed and implemented a cloud-based collaborative and multi-modal MR application aiming at enhancing user experience and cultural learning in museums. A conceptual model was proposed based on collaboration, engagement, and relationship in the context of MR experience. The MR application was then evaluated at the Western Australian Shipwrecks Museum by experts, archaeologists, and curators from the gallery and the Western Australian Museum. Questionnaire, semi-structured interview, and observation were used to collect data. The results suggest that integrating collaborative and multi-modal interaction methods with MR technology facilitates enhanced cultural learning in VH.
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Grincheva, Natalia. "Mapping museum ‘Soft Power’: Adding geo-visualization to the methodological framework." Digital Scholarship in the Humanities 34, no. 4 (December 24, 2018): 730–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqy072.
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Abstract The article proposes, justifies, and tests a new methodological framework to measure museum ‘soft power’ by employing geo-visualization as a new method empowered by the rapid development of digital humanities. This research not only demystifies the buzz term of ‘soft power’ that is frequently applied in relation to contemporary museums and their international cultural engagements but also develops an evaluation framework to assess museum capacities to exert global impacts. Specifically, the article draws on the academic scholarship outlining a plethora of approaches for ‘soft power’ evaluation, including Resources, Outputs, Perceptions, and Networks evaluation models. It argues for a new integrative approach that can comprehensively combine different methods to construct a more advanced tool to measure museum ‘soft power’. The article draws on preliminary results of developing a digital mapping system to assess museum soft power. It shares findings from the pilot project, Australian Center of the Moving Image (ACMI) on the Global Map, designed in collaboration with the ACMI in Melbourne.
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Roque, Ricardo. "Paul Turnbull. Science, Museums, and Collecting the Indigenous Dead in Colonial Australia. (Palgrave Studies in Pacific History.) xi + 428 pp., figs., bibl., index. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017. €121 (cloth). ISBN 9783319518732. Paperback and e-book editions available." Isis 111, no. 1 (March 2020): 177–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/707655.
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Connors, Matthew G., Honglei Chen, Haokun Li, Adam Edmonds, Kimberley A. Smith, Colin Gell, Kelly Clitheroe, et al. "Citizen scientists track a charismatic carnivore: Mapping the spread and impact of the South African Mantis (Miomantidae, Miomantis caffra) in Australia." Journal of Orthoptera Research 31, no. 1 (May 19, 2022): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jor.31.79332.
Full textAbstract:
The recent integration of citizen science with modern technology has greatly increased its applications and has allowed more people than ever to contribute to research across all areas of science. In particular, citizen science has been instrumental in the detection and monitoring of novel introduced species across the globe. This study provides the first records of Miomantis caffra Saussure, 1871, the South African Mantis, from the Australian mainland and uses records from four different citizen science and social media platforms in conjunction with museum records to track the spread of the species through the country. A total of 153 wild mantises and oothecae were observed across four states and territories (New South Wales, Norfolk Island, Victoria, and Western Australia) between 2009 and 2021. The large number of observations of the species in Victoria and the more recent isolated observations in other states and territories suggest that the species initially arrived in Geelong via oothecae attached to plants or equipment, likely from the invasive population in New Zealand. From there it established and spread outwards to Melbourne and eventually to other states and territories, both naturally and with the aid of human transport. We also provide a comparison of M. caffra to similar native mantises, specifically Pseudomantis albofimbriata (Stål, 1860), and comment on the potential impact and further spread of the species within Australia. Finally, we reiterate the many benefits of engaging directly with citizen scientists in biodiversity research and comment on the decision to include them in all levels of this research investigation.
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Duggan, Jo-Anne, and Enza Gandolfo. "Other Spaces: migration, objects and archives." Modern Italy 16, no. 3 (August 2011): 315–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13532944.2010.507931.
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Other Spaces is a collaborative creative arts exhibition project that explores visual and material expressions of cultural identity with a particular focus on museum collections. This project aims to provide a rich examination – visual, emotional and intellectual – of the multiple cultural narratives that contribute to the social fabric of Australia through a unique marriage of contemporary photomedia and creative writing practice. This project explores the ways that migrants and refugees have found to express their cultural identity through the material objects they have brought with them to Australia. Many of these objects are not only of great personal value but often of cultural, historical and religious significance. Some are very ordinary everyday objects but they can be highly evocative and symbolic of the relationship between culture and identity, and between the places of origin and an individual's present home in Australia. This article, through a combination of photography, creative text and scholarly discussion, will focus specifically on Italo-Australian migrants and on some of the material objects that they have donated to museum collections, and use these objects to explore notions of cultural belonging and identity.
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FRAMENAU, VOLKER W., NIKOLAJ SCHARFF, and HERBERT W. LEVI. "Not from Down Under: new synonymies and combinations for orb-weaving spiders (Araneae: Araneidae) erroneously reported from Australia." Zootaxa 2073, no. 1 (April 16, 2009): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2073.1.2.
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The examination of type material of presumed Australian orb-weaving spiders as part of a revision of the Araneidae of this country revealed that a number of species are not from Australia. The Natural History Museum, Vienna (Austria) holds the type material of three species of orb-weaving spiders that were originally described from Australia, however all of the species are undoubtedly of American, most likely southern Brazilian, origin and it is unlikely that they were collected in Australia. We propose the following synonymies and generic transfers: Acacesia tenella (L. Koch, 1871) comb. nov. (= Acacesia cornigera Petrunkevitch, 1925 new synonymy); Alpaida navicula (L. Koch, 1871) comb. nov. (= Alpaida roemeri (Strand, 1908) new synonymy); and Eustala mucronatella (Roewer, 1942) comb. nov. In addition, Novearanea queribunda (Keyserling, 1887) comb. nov. (= Araneus quaesitus (Keyserling, 1887) new synonymy; = Novaranea laevigata (Urquhart, 1891) new synonymy) is a New Zealand orb-weaving spider based on the labels that were found with the type specimens housed at the Natural History Museum, London (England). In the original description no locality data was given for N. queribunda and “Australien” was erroneously listed for A. quaesitus.
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Shaughnessy, Peter D., Catherine M. Kemper, David Stemmer, and Jane McKenzie. "Records of vagrant fur seals (family Otariidae) in South Australia." Australian Mammalogy 36, no. 2 (2014): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am13038.
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Two fur seal species breed on the southern coast of Australia: the Australian fur seal (Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus) and the New Zealand fur seal (A. forsteri). Two other species are vagrants: the subantarctic fur seal (A. tropicalis) and the Antarctic fur seal (A. gazella). We document records of vagrant fur seals in South Australia from 1982 to 2012 based primarily on records from the South Australian Museum. There were 86 subantarctic fur seals: 49 specimens and 37 sightings. Most (77%) were recorded from July to October and 83% of all records were juveniles. All but two specimens were collected between July and November. Sightings were prevalent during the same period, but there were also nine sightings during summer (December–February), several of healthy-looking adults. Notable concentrations were near Victor Harbor, on Kangaroo Island and Eyre Peninsula. Likely sources of subantarctic fur seals seen in South Australia are Macquarie and Amsterdam Islands in the South Indian Ocean, ~2700 km south-east and 5200 km west of SA, respectively. There were two sightings of Antarctic fur seals, both of adults, on Kangaroo Island at New Zealand fur seal breeding colonies. Records of this species for continental Australia and nearby islands are infrequent.
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Fletcher, Amy. "Genuine fakes: Cloning extinct species as science and spectacle." Politics and the Life Sciences 29, no. 1 (March 2010): 48–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2990/29_1_48.
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This case study of the Australian Museum's Thylacine Cloning Project analyzes a frame dispute that emerged during public communication of a scientific project, which lasted from 1999 to 2005, and was premised on the idea of resurrecting an extinct species. In choosing the Tasmanian tiger—an iconic Australian marsupial officially declared extinct in 1986—the promoters of the cloning project ensured extensive media coverage. However, the popular and scientific attention generated by the idea of bringing back an extinct species challenged the Museum's efforts to frame the project in terms of scientific progress. The project repeatedly shifted from science to spectacle, as multiple stakeholders used the mass media to negotiate the scientific feasibility of trying to reverse extinction through the application of advanced biotechnology. The case study findings are relevant both to the emerging social issues surrounding the use of paleogenomics in wildlife conservation, and to the theoretical development of frame analysis as applied to scientific controversies.
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Chandler, Donald S. "New Genera and Species of Tyrini From Australia (Coleoptera: Pselaphidae)." Psyche: A Journal of Entomology 94, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1987): 15–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1987/42532.
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While preparing a paper on the pselaphid genera of Australia, three groups of the Tyrini, subtribe Tyrina, were discovered which could not be placed within the current generic concepts of the Australian fauna One of hese groups apears to be congeneric with Tyrogetus Broun from New Zealand. white the other two represent undescribed genera, With the recognition of these taxa, the major generic components of the Tyrini appear to be described for AustraliaAll measurements are in millimeters. Slides of cleared and disarticulated specimens were used to determine the patterns of foveation of the genera. Holotypes are placed in the Australian National Insect Collection Canberra, or in the National Museum of Victoria, Abbotsford.
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Bryant, Chris, Mike Gore, and Sue Stocklmayer. "The Australian Science Centre Movement 1980–2000: Part 1—Questacon, the National Science and Technology Centre." Historical Records of Australian Science 26, no. 2 (2015): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr15008.
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Part 1: Scholarly concerns over science communication and in particular public attitudes towards and engagement with science have continued for almost half a century, but the establishment of a ‘hands-on' science centre in Canberra in 1980 put practice ahead of theory and led to the building of Questacon—the National Science and Technology Centre in 1988. The driving force behind this development was Australian National University physicist Dr Mike Gore. Funding came from the Australian and Japanese Governments—the latter a bicentennial gift—and a team of ‘explainers' at the centre helped visitors to appreciate that this science centre was not a museum but a place where science had a human face.