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Galkin, I. V. "Ius Gentium and <i>Ius Naturale</i> in Western European Political and Legal Thought in the 17th Century." Lex Russica 75, no. 12 (December 21, 2022): 77–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2022.193.12.077-095.
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The paper is devoted to the problem of the correlation of the legal categories ius gentium and ius naturale in the context of the political and the Western European legal thought in the 17th century. The 17th century, rich in historical events, known in the Russian historiography as the «rebellious age», becomes a turning point not only in the history of the entire European civilization, but also in the history of philosophical thought and political science, at the intersection of which the teachings of the state and law were formed. The 17th century — the time of the systemic crisis of the feudal socio-economic formation and the traditional religious ideology strongly associated with it — gives impetus to the development of capitalist economic relations in Western Europe, which was accompanied by a sharp increase in novelty in the field of philosophical and political thought. In the 17th century, prominent European political thinkers paid quite a lot of attention to the theoretical coverage of the problems of the natural state, the social contract, as well as the analysis of the categories of freedom and justice. There was a gradual departure from the methodology of peripatetism, accompanied by a revision of the intellectual heritage of ancient political and legal thought, although at the same time European political thinkers and jurists continued to widely use the terminology of classical Roman law, but in a modified semantic field. One of the most important areas of application of the ancient legal heritage is the field of international relations, closely related to the further intensification of international commerce, religious reformation, as well as the legal mechanism for declaring war and concluding peace. In the regulation of international relations, they actively used legal systems, well known from Antiquity, but greatly transformed by Modern times, and which, according to a long-established tradition, were called ius gentium and ius naturale. Thus, the paper highlights a rather ambiguous problem of the correlation of ius gentium and ius naturale in Western European political and legal thought in the 17th century.
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Danilova, L. N. "Forming of social order for teachers in the history of education in Russia." Professional education in the modern world 12, no. 2 (July 13, 2022): 271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.20913/2618-7515-2022-2-10.
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Introduction. The first state educational institution for teacher’s training was the teachers’ seminary established in 1783. However, the teaching profession appeared in Russia long before that and was supported by social request. This fact builds questions about transformations of public expectations in relation to teachers, i.e. about the history of the social order to teachers. That order had not been realized and reflected in some documents for a long time, but its influence on education in Russia can be clearly observed already in the 17th century. Purpose setting. The article attempts to determine features of its becoming. Methodology of the study. The research is based on a large layer of literature, on the principles of dialectics and historicism, and uses comparative historical analysis, deduction, culturomics, content analysis, statistics and other theoretical methods. Results. Features of forming of a social order to teachers in the 17th and 18th centuries are identified and specified. The factors and conditions of its forming in the specified historical period are characterized; its structural components were determined, also patterns of changes in the social order for teachers and its actualization time were detected. Conclusion. In the 17th century, there was an order for teachers in the Russian Tsardom, the subject of which was the church, but partly also the state and townspeople. The state imposed requirements on teacher’s work, regulating some aspects of school organizing. The emerging in those times trend of transition from religious characteristics of the teacher to professional ones finally took shape at the beginning of the 18th century, when the state order for teachers had been formed. By the middle of the century, the image of the teacher had radically changed, and there were requirements of professionalism in the being taught science and of positive personal characteristics, which found its place in organizing of the first teachers’ seminary: the order for teacher’s methodological training began thanks to it. Patterns of formation of a social order to teachers (society always has high expectations from either professional or personal characteristics of the teacher; during periods of social conflicts and changes the requirements for his personal characteristics are actualized; that transfer depends on social stability) confirm that clearly it depends on historical periods and socio-political conditions.
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Atkinson, Dwight. "The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 1675–1975: A sociohistorical discourse analysis." Language in Society 25, no. 3 (September 1996): 333–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500019205.
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ABSTRACTThis study traces the evolution of scientific research writing in English from 1675 to 1975. Two separate methods of discourse analysis – rhetorical analysis focusing on broad genre characteristics, and sociolinguistic register analysis – are applied to a large corpus of articles from the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. The two sets of results are then interpreted vis-à-vis the Royal Society's social history to yield an integrated description. Findings indicate that: (a) research writing in the 17th – 18th centuries was substantially influenced by communicative norms of author-centered genteel conduct; (b) greater attention to methodology and precision in the interest of scientific specialization brought about pronounced textual changes in the 19th century, although gentlemanly norms were still in evidence; and (c) by the late 20th century, expanded theoretical description/discussions appear to have replaced experiments and methods as the rhetorical centerpiece of the research article. (Discourse analysis, rhetorical analysis, register, social studies of science, scientific writing, corpus linguistics)
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Gąsiorowski, Stefan. "Professor Jan Marian Małecki (1926-2017): In Memoriam." Scripta Judaica Cracoviensia 15 (2017): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20843925sj.17.012.8181.
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Jan Małecki was a historian and rector of the the Kraków Academy of Economics. While his most important research was devoted to economic history, his achievements also included works related to the grand synthesis of Polish history, methodology, source studies, bibliography, and biography. In the 1985/1986 academic year, together with two other scholars, he began an open series of lectures in the Institute of History at the Jagiellonian University entitled ‘Jews in Polish History’. He was the author of a number of academic papers on the history of the Jewish community in Poland in both Polish and English. Of particular importance are his extensive source entries from Kraków customs registers concerning Jewish trade at the end of the 16th century and start of the 17th century, published by the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences. Małecki also popularized Jewish issues by including them in his numerous publications on the economic history of Poland and the history of Kraków. For many years, he also promoted Jewish studies outside of the Jagiellonian University and the Kraków University of Economics and reviewed numerous works of other scholars for degrees and publishing houses. In 2016, he was granted the Father Stanisław Musiał Award for his work on the history and culture of the Jewish community in Poland.
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Litovskikh, Elena. "The Comparative Analysis of Formula Elements in the Text of Landnámabók‘s Elder Editions." ISTORIYA 12, no. 12-1 (110) (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840018266-1.
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The paper compares facsimile copies of manuscript pages of the two elder versions of the medieval Icelandic historical work “Book of Settlements” (Landnámabók): AM 107 fol. for the Sturlubók version and AM 105 fol for the Hauksbók version. A technical comparison is facilitated by the fact that both these manuscripts from the Arnamagnæan Collection in Reykjavik are written in the same hand, being copies made in the mid-17th century by the renowned Icelandic scribe Jón Erlendsson from non-surviving autographs of those versions. We have determined the ratio of the formalized text (introductory characteristics of persons, genealogical lists, and topographic information) to vísur and þættir. The analysis using the proposed methodology leads to an unambiguous conclusion that both of the investigated versions of the “Book of Settlements” go back to the same exemplar.
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Ahmad Hilmi, Ahmad Bazli, Zulkfli Mohd Yusoff, Selamat Amir, and Zulkarnin Zakaria. "THE REVIEW OF THE WORDS ADNA AL-ARD AND AL-‘ANKABUT IN MALAY TRANSLATION OF HOLY QURAN: ANALYSIS GUIDED BY SCIENCE-ORIENTED EXEGESIS METHODOLOGY." Journal of Nusantara Studies (JONUS) 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol2iss1pp146-158.
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The idea for the translation of the meaning of the Holy Quran in Malay Archipelago had appeared since the middle of 17th century. However, some problems in the translation of its meaning had resulted in a non-accurate translation of Quranic words or verses. A major factor contributing to this problem is the limited skills among the translators in the various fields and topics covered in Quran. Thus, a Review Committee for the Translation of the Meaning of Al-Quran consisting of experts in various field of knowledge related to Quran such as Arabic language, the target language, Quran interpretation and other disciplines such as history, geography, chemistry, biology, medicine and others that have been proposed. This article analyses two Malay translations of Holy Quran; Tafsir Pimpinan ar-Rahman and Tafsir Quran Karim guided by science-oriented exegesis (tafsir ‘ilmi) to find out whether the translation of meaning matches modern scientific facts. The accurate translation of the verse will then be proposed. The result revealed limitation in the translation of the meaning for the word adna Al-Ard to “nearest place”, while the word has various meaning. With regard to the interpretation of the mufassir and modern science fact, the suggested meaning for the word adna Al-Ard is supposed to be “the nearest place with lowest altitude”. Cite as: Hilmi, A.B.A., Mohd Yusoff, Z., Amir, S., & Zakaria, Z. (2017). The review of the words adna al-ard and al-‘ankabut in Malay translation of holy Quran: Analysis guided by science-oriented exegesis methodology. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 2(1), 146-158.
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Belozerov, Vasily. "Genesis of the Study of War as a Political Phenomenon in Pre-Revolutionary Russia." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija 26, no. 1 (March 2021): 190–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2021.1.17.
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Introduction. The article explores the conceptualization of war as a political phenomenon in prerevolutionary Russia and presents its results for theory and practice. For this purpose, the article studies and interprets the origins of political ideas about war, the occurrence of political content in its scientific understanding, the emergence and development of various paradigms for its understanding as a political phenomenon and the conceptualization of Russia’s superior strategy. Methods and methodology. The research methodology is based on political realism and the recognition of war as an actual phenomenon. The choice of works for analysis stems from the connection of their content with political issues. The article studies political situations and processes that caused the enhancement of research into war as a political phenomenon. Analysis. The first political perceptions of the phenomenon of war began taking shape in Russia in the second half of the 17th century and they reveal an understanding of the link between war and politics. The formation of the knowledge system about war and military activities took place without political understanding and contained a significant element of borrowing from outside. In relation to the formation of the science of war, there was also a theoretical understanding of its political content. In the second third of the 19th century scientific discussions began, in which two approaches based on the decision to recognize the political content of war were formed. Eventually, an approach that essentially negates the primacy of political institutions prevailed in military science and in the education of military personnel, which had negative consequences for theory and practice. Results. The study of war as a political phenomenon in pre-revolutionary Russia formed dialectical and metaphysical approaches with the latter dominating and being followed by representatives of official military science. It can be stated that there is a problem of method in the study of war, which is manifested in modern conditions.
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Roudaut, Sylvain. "Clocks, Automata and the Mechanization of Nature (1300–1600)." Philosophies 7, no. 6 (December 9, 2022): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/philosophies7060139.
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This paper aims at tracking down, by looking at late medieval and early modern discussions over the ontological status of artifacts, the main steps of the process through which nature became theorized on a mechanistic model in the early 17th century. The adopted methodology consists in examining how inventions such as mechanical clocks and automata forced philosophers to modify traditional criteria based on an intrinsic principle of motion and rest for defining natural beings. The paper studies different strategies designed in the transitional period 1300–1600 for making these inventions compatible with classical definitions of nature and artifacts. In the first part of the paper, it is shown that, even if virtually all medieval philosophers acknowledged an ontological distinction between artifacts and natural beings, these different strategies demonstrate a growing concern about the consistency of the art/nature distinction. The next part of the paper studies how mechanical clocks, even before the Scientific Revolution, served as theoretical models for applying mechanistic views to different objects (be they cosmological, physical or biological). The epistemological function of clocks appears to stem from different factors (like the specific manufacturing of late medieval clocks as well as the evolution of 16th-century mechanics) that are listed in this second part of the paper. These factors, combined with the definitional issues raised by automata, explain that clocks became the symbol of a new approach to natural philosophy, characterized by the collapse of the art/nature distinction and the “mechanization of nature”.
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Abisaab, Rula Jurdi. "SHIʿI JURISPRUDENCE, SUNNISM, AND THE TRADITIONIST THOUGHT (AKHBĀRĪ) OF MUHAMMAD AMIN ASTARABADI (D. 1626–27)." International Journal of Middle East Studies 47, no. 1 (February 2015): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743814001421.
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AbstractIn the early 17th century, the Shiʿi juristic tradition experienced the first coherent refutation ofuṣūliyya, theijtihādīrationalism used by the mujtahids, at the hands of Mulla Muhammad Amin Astarabadi (d. 1626–27). The latter rejected the efforts of leading Iraqi and Syrian jurists to applyijtihād(rational legal inference), hadith categorization, anddirāya(scrutiny and stratification of accounts) in deriving Shiʿi law. The main studies on Astarabadi'sakhbārī(traditionist) movement treat it as a reaction to the “influence” of Sunnism on the mujtahids or to their excessive “borrowings” from it, and stress the traditionists’ abhorrence of assimilating any aspect of Sunnism. Underlining the shortcomings of these explanations, this article presents Astarabadi's thought as a discursive development within the Shiʿi juristic tradition, which is part of the grand Islamic tradition. Astarabadi became skeptical of the mujtahids’ epistemology and methodology and was concerned that they jeopardized God's law and hence the believer's salvation. He protested the Safavid monarchs’ legitimation ofuṣūlīlegal authority, the latter's hierarchical features, and, ultimately, the sociopolitical domination of the ʿAmili mujtahids from Jabal ʿAmil in Syria (or modern-day South Lebanon), starting with al-Muhaqqiq al-Karaki (d. 1534).
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Kirpichnikov, Ivan. "Integration in Muscovy: The Case of Ryazan Elite." ISTORIYA 13, no. 11 (121) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840023147-0.
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The integration of previously independent political entities into a single political unit was one of the main challenges facing European Medieval and Early modern rulers. The case analyzed in this study is the Ryazan region located in the southern part of Eastern Europe, which was ultimately annexed by the expanding Muscovite state in 1521. The first part of the article covers the main historiographical approaches to the problem of regionalism in the history of Early Modern Russia. The second part is devoted to a discussion of the methodology and results of the prosopographical study of the Ryazan service elite in the end of the 15th — first third of the 17th century. This case is one of the clearest examples of “soft” (non-violent) integration since the annexation of the Grand Duchy of Ryazan was not accompanied by either property confiscation or forced resettlement. The Muscovite government consistently preserved the local social structure. The members of the local elite were often involved in carrying out administrative and military service in their native region. The Ryazan community was significantly transformed by the Oprichnina confiscations, but the old local elite families preserved their traditional position in the local community. The Ryazan elite had a relatively low social status in the Muscovite ruling class hierarchy. The Time of Troubles opened a new page in the history of the Ryazan elite. Ryazan service people securely settled in Moscow, which led to a deep transformation of their career strategies and lifestyles.
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Zhirov, Nikolai A. "‘A Russian revolt, senseless and merciless...’: The 100th anniversary of 1917 revolution in Russia." Herald of an archivist, no. 1 (2018): 169–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2018-1-169-180.
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On September, 21-23, the I.A. Bunin Yelets State University, supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFFI), held an All-Russian scientific conference ‘In the time of change: Revolt, insurrection, and revolution in the Russian periphery in the 17th – early 20th centuries’. Scientists from various Russian regions participated in its work. The conference organizers focused on social conflicts in the Russian periphery. The first series of reports addressed the Age of Rebellions in the Russian history. They considered the role and the place of the service class people in anti-government revolts. Some scientists stressed the effect of official state policy on the revolutionary mood of the people. Some reports paid attention to jurisdictions and activities of the general police in the 19th – early 20th century and those of the Provisional Government militia. Other reports analyzed the participation of persons of non-peasant origin in the revolutionary events. They studied the effect of the revolutionary events on the mood and behavior of local people and the ways of solving conflicts between the authorities and the society. Most numerous series of reports were devoted to social conflicts in the Russian village at the turn of the 20th century, studied forms and ways of peasants' struggle against the extortionate cost of the emancipation, and offered a periodization of peasants' uprisings. The researchers stressed that peasants remained politically unmotivated; analysis of their relations with authorities shows that they were predominantly conservative and not prone to incitement to against monarchy. Some questions of source studies and methodology of studying the revolution and the preceding period were raised. Most researches used interdisciplinary methods, popular in modern humanities and historical science.
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Truhlarova, Oxana G., and Simona Korycankova. "The History and Main Avenues of Historical Lexicography in the Comparative Aspect (On the Example of Historical Dictionaries of the Russian and Czech Languages)." Voprosy leksikografii, no. 18 (2020): 73–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/22274200/18/4.
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The aim of the present article is to trace the establishment of the Russian and Czech historical lexicography and conduct a comparative study of the features of historical dictionaries of these languages. Historical dictionaries of the Czech and Russian languages served as the subject matter of the study. The dictionaries are reviewed chronologically and analyzed according to several lexicographical criteria: time of creation, pool of sources, extent of vocabulary, entry structure, manner of representation of a word’s lexical meaning. Historical lexicography is distinguished by a certain terminological vagueness and ambiguity. Thus, the term “historical dictionary” can mean, on the one hand, a lexicographical study that represents the history of words in the course of a certain epoch in a language’s evolution. On the other hand, dictionaries that explain the meaning of words used in ancient writings can also be termed historical. Such ambiguity signifies that the subject of historical lexicography has not received sufficient attention, either in regards to individual languages, or the Slavic lexicography as a whole. This study has isolated the following stages in the development of the Czech and Russian historical lexicography: (1) 17th–18th centuries – scientific study of vocabulary gives rise to predecessors of historical dictionaries (wordlists, lexicons), (2) 19th century – descriptions of vocabulary stress diachronic changes, giving rise to the first historical dictionaries, (3) 20th century – historical lexicography joins linguistics as a distinct branch of scientific study. A methodology for the compilation of historical dictionaries is developed, many new historical dictionaries are compiled that encompass the entire span of a language’s history, as well as only certain formative stages of the Russian or Czech language. (4) Late 20th – early 21st centuries – conceptual changes to the editorial approach to the structure and compilation of historical dictionaries, the relevance of publishing the dictionaries in the printed form is debated. The introduction of IT into the linguistic science has enabled an expansion of the dictionary database. The practice of creating language corpora has given historical lexicography a new direction and made the material accessible to a wide circle of users. The following can be counted among the distinctive features of the Czech and Russian historical lexicography: a keen interest in the history of language on the part of Czech researchers at even the early stages of the linguistic science, adherence to Western European examples by Czech lexicographers, most historical dictionaries of the Czech language have never been published in full because the work on them has either been suspended or discontinued altogether. In the Russian historical lexicography, on the other hand, there is an intense ongoing effort to create new dictionaries.
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Bullón, T. "Little Ice Age, Palaeofloods and human adaptation on the Jarama River (Tajo Basin, Central Spain) from documentary proxy data." Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica 46, no. 2 (September 15, 2020): 497–519. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/cig.4276.
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This research assesses the close relationship between river history and human adaptation by combining the study of the migration of channels on the floodplain, the temporal distribution of floods, and human adaptation to the fluvial environment during the Little Ice Age (LIA) period on the Jarama River section situated between the mouths of two tributaries, the Henares and Manzanares. The methodology consists of the employment of abundant documentary records from the 14th to 19th centuries related to the response of society to hydrological dynamics within changing river patterns. The management and delimitation of land ownership, along with the readjustments and modifications therein, allow the inference of the changes that have taken place in the river throughout history. These changes include meander cut-offs, the abandonment of a channel fragment and aggradation in the alluvial plain, all of them located in different areas within the study area and with different historical timeframes. A relationship exists between changes in fluvial dynamics and the times of the greater abundance of floods. An initial change in the alluvial plain occurred in the Middle Ages as a result of the abandonment of the medieval channel and the creation of a new channel. The second change occurred between the 15th and 17th centuries and affected the properties on the right-hand bank of the river. Since the 18th century, the abandonment of and reduction in meanders and the aggradation at the Manzanares-Jarama mouth have created a new alluvial plain of the river. The different phases of the LIA defined herein coincide with much of the palynological and dendrochronological research conducted in other areas of the southwestern fringe of Europe. From the historical point of view, critical changes appear to be associated with some LIA phases. Furthermore, the progressive transformation of communal lands into public or private property could be promoted by the intense floods recorded since the 15th century. The Maunder and Dalton Minimums occurred together with an increase in the area assigned for agriculture on the alluvial plain; this land use type continued to grow during the 19th and 20th centuries.
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Agapiou, Athos, Anastasia Dakouri-Hild, Stephen Davis, Eleni Andrikou, and William Rourk. "The Kotroni Archaeological Research Project (KASP): evaluating ancient Aphidna using multimodal landscape analysis." Journal of Greek Archaeology 7 (November 23, 2022): 413–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32028/jga.v7i.1722.
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The Kotroni Archaeological Research Project (KASP) seeks to understand the relationship between the natural and human landscape of Aphidna from prehistory through to the present, and how such rural communities contributed to the economic, social and cultural life of larger, ‘core’ centres in the region. As one of the constitutional demes of Classical Athens, Aphidna was steeped in the foundational history of the Athenian polis, which saw in it a primordial, ancestral place tied to myths and legends. It accommodated a Middle Bronze Age cemetery, a Mycenaean/Late Bronze Age citadel, a Classical-Hellenistic fort on the citadel, and a Geometric, Archaic, Hellenistic, and Roman settlement. Furthermore, it was later settled in the form of Byzantine and Frankish monastery estates, Turkish chifliks, Arvanite villages, and the contemporary community of nearby Kapandriti. Being that the area of interest (AOI) is both remarkably well preserved due to construction prohibitions necessitated by the nearby Marathon water reservoir and features a diverse history spanning four millennia, it is an excellent case-study for human landscape inquiry, i.e. understanding diachronic inhabitation and the changing meanings of landscape in the longue durée. Important tasks in this direction include clarifying the spatial extent, chronological framework, and nature of settlement as well as the environmental affordances of the landscape, the combination of which permits a thick description of its cultural history. The main method for this investigation is intensive pedestrian survey. Additional conventional methods include the study of ground historical photographs, conventional maps, older field reports, published scholarship, ancient literature and inscription corpora, traveller accounts (17th-19th century AD), in situ buildings or architectural membra dispersed in the landscape, and artefacts (both those collected during the survey and legacy finds in museum storage, e.g. the National Archaeological Museum). Science-based methods consist of geophysical prospection, geological/geomorphological study, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) analysis, as well as geospatial informatics focusing on satellite and aerial imagery and Lidar-derived digital terrain models. The results of the intensive survey, the geophysical prospection, and the geological/geomorphological and OSL study are presented elsewhere. In this paper we present the outcomes of remote sensing, arguing that the relevant tools play an important role in the study of human landscapes at all stages of archaeological inquiry (prior, during and after ground truthing), especially when revisiting underexplored areas and employing a multimodal ‘third-wave’ survey methodology. The latter weaves in a multitude of analyses, both conventional and digital, and integrates old and new data.
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Gross, Alan G., Joseph E. Harmon, and Michael S. Reidy. "Argument and 17th-Century Science." Social Studies of Science 30, no. 3 (June 2000): 371–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030631200030003002.
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Stone, R. "HISTORY OF SCIENCE: Championing a 17th Century Underdog." Science 301, no. 5630 (July 11, 2003): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.301.5630.152.
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Марчукова, С. М. "About the Role of Hermeneutic Analysis of the Heuristic Potential of J. A. Comenius’ Philosophical and Educational Project." Психолого-педагогический поиск, no. 3(55) (October 29, 2020): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37724/rsu.2020.55.3.002.
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В методологии современного педагогического исследования принципы герменевтического круга и герменевтической спирали, с одной стороны, способствуют пониманию конкретного знания после предварительного ознакомления с тенденциями развития абстрактного научно-теоретического знания, с другой стороны, способны стать основными структурными элементами, связывающими педагогическую науку и практику (В. В. Краевский). В статье обоснована актуальность использования герменевтического метода для раскрытия эвристического потенциала философско-образовательного проекта Я. А. Коменского, его связи с философской традицией, основы которой заложены в философии и педагогике античности и средневековья. Использование метода герменевтический спирали, «витки» которой отражают связь наследия Коменского с педагогической мыслью этих эпох, позволяет понять, что методология комениологических исследований опирается не на педагогический опыт XVII века, а на фундаментальные основания педагогической науки. Современное осмысление места философско-образовательного проекта Коменского в контексте истории науки и образования способствует соединению двух линий в комениологических исследованиях — педагогической и психологической (Днепров, 1997), развитию эвристического и прогностического аспектов историко-педагогического знания (В. Г. Безрогов, Б. М. Бим-Бад, М. В. Богуславский, Э. Д. Днепров, И. А. Колесникова, Г. Б. Корнетов, А. С. Степанова и др.). В статье приведены примеры изучения трудов Я. А. Коменского разных лет с помощью принципов герменевтического круга и герменевтической спирали. Историко-научный контекст, позволяющий иллюстрировать ретроспективу тенденций дифференциации и интеграции в истории развития образования, определяет новизну исследования. Выявление «эвристичности герменевтического круга» (Ю. С. Сенько) для становления нового педагогического мышления и развития гуманитарного аспекта педагогических технологий составляет теоретическую и практическую значимость исследования для системы высшего педагогического образования и практики работы школы. Раскрытие эвристического потенциала философско-образовательного проекта Я. А. Коменского призвано способствовать развитию отечественной комениологии как одного из фундаментальных направлений историко-педагогической науки. The principles of the hermeneutic cycle and the hermeneutic spiral typical of modern pedagogical research ensure acquisition of practical knowledge through abstract, theoretical cognition and function as structural elements that secure connections between pedagogical theory and practice (V. V. Krayevsky). The article accounts for the relevance of employing the hermeneutic method to unveil the heuristic potential of J. A. Comenius’s philosophical and educational project, to highlight its rootedness in ancient and medieval philosophy and pedagogy. Employing the method of the hermeneutic spiral, whose turns highlight the connections between J. A. Comenius’ legacy and ancient and medieval pedagogy, one can realize that the methodology of comeniological research rests on the fundamental principles of pedagogy rather than on the principles of pedagogy of the 17th century. The modern interpretation of J. A. Comenius’ philosophical and educational project in the context of history of science and education contributes to the integration of pedagogical and psychological aspects of comeniological research (Dneprov, 1997), facilitates the development of the heuristic and prognostic aspects of history of pedagogy (V. G. Bezrogov, B. M. Bim-Bad, M. V. Boguslavsky, E. D. Dneprov, I. A. Kolesnikova, G. B. Kornetov, A. S. Stepanova and others). The article focuses on the application of the principles of the hermeneutic cycle and the hermeneutic spiral to the investigation of J. A. Comenius’s works. The novelty of the research is accounted for by the fact that the tendencies of differentiation and integration are viewed through the prism of historical context. The theoretical significance and the practical value of the research consist in the investigation of the heuristic potential of the hermeneutic cycle (Yu. S. Senko) for modern pedagogical thinking and further humanization of pedagogical technologies. The investigation of the heuristic potential of J. A. Comenius’ philosophical and educational project ensures the development of Russian comeniology as a branch of history of pedagogy
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Sokolovsky, I. R. "On “Capital” and “Capitalism” in the Works of Soviet Historians on the History of Siberia of the 17th Century, Published before 1955." Siberian Journal of Philosophy 17, no. 2 (2019): 158–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2541-7517-2019-17-2-158-173.
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The methodology of history determines what the authors will write in their books. The methodology of history is a subject of social philosophy. However, after analyzing the leading works printed before 1955 on the history of the Urals and Siberia of the 17th century, we came to the conclusion that historians did not mechanically illustrate the conclusions of social philosophy. At the end of the 19th century V. I. Lenin, relying on Karl Marx, drew a concept of the “new period of Russian history”. In the 1930s this scheme has become mandatory for all Russian historians. However, it quickly became clear that not all of its elements could be found in the Siberian history of the 17th century. The reasons may be related to the lack of sufficient autonomy for the merchants, great tax oppression, opportunities to benefit from social status, and military operations. Retaining full loyalty to the official thesis, in their concrete studies, the historians of Siberia have proved to be great empiricists and preferred to point out historical facts even if the facts did not fit into the official concept.
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Nuchelmans, Gabriel. "A 17th-century debate on the consequentia mirabilis." History and Philosophy of Logic 13, no. 1 (January 1992): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01445349208837193.
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DENNEHY, COLEMAN A. "Speakers in the 17th-Century Irish Parliament*." Parliamentary History 29, no. 1 (February 2010): 62–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-0206.2009.00135.x.
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Sokolovskii, Ivan R. "About “Capital” and “Capitalism” in the Works of Soviet Historians on the History of the Urals and Siberia of the 17th Century, Published in the 1960s." Siberian Journal of Philosophy 17, no. 3 (2019): 312–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2541-7517-2019-17-3-312-327.
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The methodology of history determines what the authors will write in their books. The methodology of history is a subject of social philosophy. However, after analyzing the leading works printed before 1955 on the history of the Urals and Siberia of the 17th century we came to the conclusion that historians did not mechanically illustrate the conclusions of social philosophy. At the end of the 19th century V. I. Lenin, relying on Karl Marx, drew a conception of the «new period of Russian history». In the 1930s this scheme has become mandatory for all Russian historians. However, it quickly became clear that not all of its elements could be found in the Siberian history of the 17th century. The reasons may be related to the lack of sufficient autonomy for the merchants, great tax oppression, opportunities to benefit from social status, and military operations. Retaining full loyalty to the official position, in their concrete studies, researchers of Siberian studies turned out to be great empiricists and preferred to point out historical facts even if the facts contradicted official schemes. In addition, in the 1960s there was a change in the key formulations of the scheme, towards recognizing greater complexity and variability of the historical process.
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Shell, Richard J. "The Marianas population decline: 17th century estimates." Journal of Pacific History 34, no. 3 (December 1999): 291–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223349908572914.
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Bulgakov, M. "Local Trading in Suzdal in the 17th Century." Российская история, no. 4 (August 2018): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086956870000136-0.
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Heyd, Michael. "The reaction to enthusiasm in the 17th century." Religion 15, no. 3 (July 1985): 279–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-721x(85)90015-6.
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Castro, Filipe, and Nuno Fonseca. "Sailing the Pepper Wreck: a Proposed Methodology for Understanding an Early 17th-Century Portuguese Indiaman." International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 35, no. 1 (April 2006): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-9270.2005.00082.x.
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Alconchel, José Luis Girón. "Nebrija y las gramáticas del español en el siglo de oro." Historiographia Linguistica 22, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1995): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.22.1-2.02alc.
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Summary This article is intended as a contribution to the history of Spanish grammar of the 16th and 17th centures. It has two parts. In the first the author places grammar studies within the framework of Spanish linguistics of the Renaissance; in the second, he delineates their evolution with reference to Latin grammar and the teaching Spanish as a foreign language. It is well known that nationalism and the intention to establish the literary foundations of the language are the most important agents of grammatical studies during the Renaissance; yet, attention must also be paid to the rupture of medieval Latin-Romance bilingualism, to the new intellectual paradigm in which rhetorics substitutes for syllogism, and to the influence of Erasmus. The grammar of the troubadours and Latin grammar – medieval and humanist – evoke an interest in developing grammars of Romance languages; it made the appearance of Nebrija possible. In his grammar of Spanish we may stress its capacity to be a grammar for foreigners and the value of this document for the history of Spanish. Spanish grammar writing of the 16th century is dominated by Nebrija; is strong presence is evident with the critical reception Villalon and Valdes give to his work. In the 17th century the work of Sanctius initiates a rationalism which favours pedagogical methodology and linguistic nationalism. Jimenez Paton, Correas and Caramuel are the most important authors of that period. With an exemplary linguistic realism Correas applies Sanctius’ theory of the elipsis to Spanish, and he recognizes the singularity of Spanish grammar in contrast to that of Latin. The grammars written for foreigners in the 17th century are at the height of inductive methodology.
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Albrethsen, Svend E. "Archaeological investigations of 17th century whaling on Svalbard." Acta Borealia 6, no. 1 (January 1989): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08003838908580365.
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Smith, A. Mark. "The Latin Version of lbn Mucādh's Treatise “On Twilight and the Rising of Clouds”." Arabic Sciences and Philosophy 2, no. 1 (March 1992): 83–132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0957423900001570.
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Written by the 11th-century Spanish Arab, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muhammad ibn Mucādh al-Jayyānī, “On Twilight and the Rising of Clouds” represents a unique attempt to determine the height of the atmosphere on the basis of the first tinging of its upper reaches by dawn light. In fact, Ibn Mucādh's value of around 52 miles remained standard until the 17th century, when it was revised sharply downward in consideration of atmospheric refraction and barometric studies. The treatise itself survives in a single Hebrew exemplar, 25 Latin exemplars, and an Italian exemplar derived from the Latin. At the heart of this present study is a critical text based on a fullscale comparative transcription of 22 of the Latin manuscripts, ranging in date from the 13th to the 17th century.
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Ze'evi, Dror. "Women in 17th-Century Jerusalem: Western and Indigenous Perspectives." International Journal of Middle East Studies 27, no. 2 (May 1995): 157–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800061869.
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In writing the history of the Middle East there is one aspect that deserves special attention: the influence of the choice of source material on the writer's point of view. Does the choice of different types of sources—in our case Western as opposed to local sources—really dictate an altogether different view of the matter under discussion? Are all sources of equal value, or should we accord each of them a different place on the scale? In this article an attempt will be made to address this question through an examination of one particular topic—the history of women in 17th-century Jerusalem.
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LAMONT, WILLIAM. "Angels or Green Aprons? ‘Popular Toryism’ in Late 17th Century England." History Workshop Journal 27, no. 1 (1989): 188–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hwj/27.1.188.
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Staden, Raluca-Ioana Stefan-Van, Victor David, and Duncan Thorburn Burns. "Review. Some People and Places Important in the History of Analytical Chemistry in Romania." Revista de Chimie 72, no. 2 (May 7, 2021): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.21.2.8427.
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Analytical chemistry developed from alchemical origins in the 14th century becoming more scientific in nature from the late 17th century and continues to thrive in modern Romania, as in the rest of Europe.
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Miller, Karen, and Scott M. Cutlip. "Public Relations History: From the 17th to the 20th Century. The Antecedents." Journal of American History 83, no. 3 (December 1996): 1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2945677.
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Saenkova, Elena. "A Newfound Icon “Sophia the Wisdom of God with Miracle-Working Icons of the Mother of God” of the Late 17th — Early 18th Century: Aspects of the Iconographic Programme." ISTORIYA 12, no. 5 (103) (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840015810-0.
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The article discusses the unique theological programme of an icon painted in the town of Vologda at the turn of the 17th to the 18th century. The icon combines the image of Sophia the Wisdom of God with the miraculous icons of the Mother of God: “The Lamenting Virgin”, “Our Lady of Georgia”, “The Virgin Eleousa” and “Our Lady of the Kievan Caves”. The image of Sophia the Wisdom of God has a number of significant differences from the classical iconography that became widespread in the Russian art of the 16th and 17th centuries: there is no image of Jesus Christ and the figure of the fiery-faced angel is inscribed as “IC XC”. The study of this icon provides new information for the interpretation of the theme of Sophia the Wisdom of God in Russian culture of the 17th — 18th century.
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Nuchelmans, Gabriel. "Can a mental proposition change its truth‐value? Some 17th-century views." History and Philosophy of Logic 15, no. 1 (January 1994): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01445349408837225.
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Geiges, Hansjörg. "Facets of the cultural history of mathematics." European Review 8, no. 4 (October 2000): 487–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798700005044.
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This article highlights the position of mathematics within general culture at various stages of the development of Western civilization. Special emphasis is given to the role of mathematics in Greek philosophy, the influence of mathematics on Gothic architecture and the place of mathematics in 17th and 18th century society. Literary quotations illustrate the shifts in the view of mathematics in society.
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Seaward, Paul. "Divisions, Tellers and Management in the 17th-Century House of Commons." Parliamentary History 32, no. 1 (February 2013): 79–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1750-0206.12006.
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TURNER, ANTHONY J. "NATURAL PHILOSOPHERS, MATHEMATICAL PRACTITIONERS AND TIMBER IN LATER 17TH CENTURY ENGLAND." Nuncius 9, no. 2 (1994): 619–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/182539184x00973.
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Abstract<title> RIASSUNTO </title>Matematici e filosofi naturali diedero contributi importanti, alla fine del XVII secolo, allo studio e al perfezionamento delle tecniche di sfruttamento delle foreste. L'articolo esamina alcune delle tecniche usate in quel periodo e alcune innovazioni, in relazione alla concezione baconiana di studio della natura messa in atto da filosofi naturali come John Evelyn, Robert Plot e Nehemiah Grew. Di quest'ultimo, in appendice viene presentata una lettera inedita su questo argomento.
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Galtsin, Dmitrii D. "Froben Prints and Polemics on Religion in Early Modern Eastern Europe." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History 67, no. 2 (2022): 578–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu02.2022.216.
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The article explores the Froben prints stored at the Rare Books Department of the Library of the Russian Academy of Science (Biblioteka Akademii Nauk) in Saint Petersburg. For three generations in the 16th century, Basel printers the Frobens influenced European intellectual life like no other publishing establishment, contributing to the spread of early Latin and Greek Christian literature, which determined both the development of theology and the humanities. Some copies of Froben prints are conspicuous for the history of their use which is intrinsically connected with various kinds of religious polemics in 16th and 17th century Eastern Europe. The focus of the article is the copies of Froben’s Opera omnia of St Augustine which underwent censorship in monastic libraries of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 16th and 17th century. The article traces the history of a number of Froben copies which belonged to notable Polish Protestants of the 16th and 17th centuries (Andrzej Trzecieski, Nicholas Radziwill the Black (“Czarny”), Andrzej Dobrzanski). The examination of the connections of Eastern European Protestants, which enabled vigorous exchange of books with Western Europe, bringing, for instance, a book from the library of the great Dutch cartographer Gerhard Mercator to the hands of a provincial Polish pastor, is carried out. Finally, the article addresses the marginalia left by Simeon of Polotsk on one of his books. These marginalia throw some new light on the question of Simeon’s genuine theological views. By examining the history of the copies from the Library of the Russian Academy of Science through the marginalia left in the 16th and 17th centuries by people of various religions, the article assesses Froben copies as a source on confessional and intellectual history of the period.
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Burmistrov, Konstantin Yu. "Moshe Cordovero’s Kabbalah and its reception in Europe at the end of the 17th century." Philosophy Journal 15, no. 1 (2022): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2072-0726-2022-15-1-21-36.
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Moshe ben Ya’akov Cordovero (1522–1570) was one of the most influential Kabbalists of the 16th century living in Safed in Northern Galilee (Ottoman Empire). The systematic explanation of the basic concepts of Kabbalah that he proposed had a significant impact on the subsequent development of Kabbalah. A characteristic feature of the views of Cordovero and his followers was the desire to “demythologize” Kabbalah, to create a synthesis of earlier views and to develop a unified speculative theory on their basis. At the same time, since the end of the 16th century, the Kabbalah school of Yitzhak Luria has gained increasing influence, striving to offer a completely new interpretation of the basic concepts of this teaching by remythologizing it. As a rule, it is believed that it was Luria’s Kabbalah that was at the center of interests of Christian researchers of Kabbalah of the 17th century, who in turn influenced the views of a number of European philosophers (H. More, G.W. Leibniz, J. Locke, F.C. Oetinger, F.X. von Baader, F.W.J. Schelling, F.J. Molitor and others). The article attempts to revise this idea and show that Cordovero’s Kabbalah was also very significant for the European thinkers of the 17th century, who were engaged in the translation and interpretation of Kabbalistic writings. The article is based on the analysis of the original Hebrew sources, as well as the Latin translations, made in the late 17th century.
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Liseitsev, Dmitriy. "Expected gift to specialists in the history of Russia of the 17th century." Rossiiskaia istoriia, no. 4 (2020): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086956870010785-4.
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Alyabieva, Valentina. "From the History of Combinatorial Analysis: From Idea to Research Schools." Вестник Пермского университета. Математика. Механика. Информатика, no. 2(57) (2022): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/1993-0550-2022-2-14-25.
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The article explores the development of combinatorial analysis from the idea to scientific schools. Combinatorial research was stimulated by G.W. Leibniz's ideas about combinatorial art and special geometric analysis – Analysis Situs in the 17th century. Various combinatorial problems were solved by L. Euler in the XVIII century. The first scientific school of combinatorial analysis arose by K.F. Hindenburg in the second half of the 18th century in Germany. Combinatorial-geometric configurations were studied in the 19th century. A. Cayley and J. Sylvester coined the term tactics for a special branch of mathematics, of wich order is proper sphere. The modern combinatorial schools are Gonin's school in Perm and the combinatorial Rybnikov's school in Moscow.
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Mita, Masahiko. "North Indian Medieval Fort History Study." Impact 2021, no. 4 (May 11, 2021): 44–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2021.4.44.
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The studies of Assistant Professor Masahiko Mita, Graduate School of Humanities, Nagoya University, Japan, have included the early medieval history (6th to 13th centuries) of Rajasthan. Recently, he has been investigating the later medieval period and beyond (after the 14th century). By interpreting satellite images of forts, Mita has constructed an understanding of the typology of forts and their historical change. He found that 8th to 18th century Rajasthan forts as royal capitals are classified into three major types: large-scale hilltop fort; minor hilltop fort + fortified palace-city; and flat fortified city. In addition, he discovered that the large-scale hilltop fort was comparatively popular before the 13th century but from the 16th century onward, especially in the 17th century, both the minor hilltop fort + fortified palace-city and flat fortified city had become standard as major Rajput kingdoms became stable as regional royalty under the Mughal rule. Mita is interested in expanding on his findings to date in order to elucidate how the changes related to the state system, military conditions, urban settlements and socio-economic systems of those times. He will consider the politico-economic meanings of the changes from the aspect of the relation of kingship and commerce. Mita is also working to explain the structural transformation of royal capital cities by considering the changing Rajput state formation of the same periods. Ultimately, this work will shed light on historical trends from a different viewpoint and methodology to former studies that used literary sources.
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Fagyal, Zsuzsanna. "Phonetics and speaking machines." Historiographia Linguistica 28, no. 3 (December 31, 2001): 289–330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.28.3.02fag.
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Summary This paper shows that in the 17th century various attempts were made to build fully automatic speaking devices resembling those exhibited in the late 18th-century in France and Germany. Through the analysis of writings by well-known 17th-century scientists, and a document hitherto unknown in the history of phonetics and speech synthesis, an excerpt from La Science universelle (1667[1641]) of the French writer Charles Sorel (1599–1674), it is argued that engineers and scientists of the Baroque period have to be credited with the first model of multilingual text-to-speech synthesis engines using unlimited vocabulary.
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Afanasiev, Mikhail D. "“Our State Vivliofika we are handed over to Preservation...”: a Little-known Fact of Library Science History." Bibliotekovedenie [Russian Journal of Library Science], no. 2 (April 27, 2012): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2012-0-2-96-103.
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This paper describes the first Russian attempt to build a library under higher educational institution - the Academy, undertaken in the early 80s of the 17th century by Simeon Polotsky and Sylvester Medvedev. The author examines the use of them the term “library” and clarifies the circumstances of the events specified in its importance as a precursor to Peter's reforms.
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Özel, Oktay. "POPULATION CHANGES IN OTTOMAN ANATOLIA DURING THE 16TH AND 17TH CENTURIES: THE “DEMOGRAPHIC CRISIS” RECONSIDERED." International Journal of Middle East Studies 36, no. 2 (May 2004): 183–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743804362021.
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The historiography of the past two decades of the demographic history of 16th- and 17th-century Ottoman Anatolia has seen diverse and often conflicting arguments among historians. Whether the Ottoman Empire witnessed “population pressure” in the 16th century, and whether this was followed in the 17th century by a serious “demographic crisis,” considered by some historians as a “catastrophe,” have constituted the central theme of the debate. The roots of these issues can be traced as far back as the early works of Ömer Lütfi Barkan in the 1940s and 1950s. It appears that the disagreements not only arose as a result of the different models of historical demography developed by diverse schools of thought, but that they also owed much to the highly disputed nature of the sources that provide the bulk of quantitative data for the demographic history of the Ottoman Empire.
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Gustafson, James, and James Speer. "Environmental Crises at the End of Safavid History: The Collapse of Iran's Early Modern Imperial Ecology, 1666–1722." International Journal of Middle East Studies 54, no. 1 (January 11, 2022): 57–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743821001082.
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AbstractThe 17th century was a period of transition in world history. It was marked globally by social movements emerging in response to widespread drought, famine, disease, warfare, and dislocation linked to climate change. Historians have yet to situate Safavid Iran (1501–1722) within the “General Crisis.” This article, coauthored by an environmental historian and a climate scientist, revisits primary sources and incorporates tree-ring evidence to argue that an ecological crisis beginning in the late 17th century contributed to the collapse of the imperial ecology of the Safavid Empire. A declining resource base and demographic decline conditioned the unraveling of imperial networks and the empire's eventual fall to a small band of Afghan raiders in 1722. Ultimately, this article makes a case for the connectedness of Iran to broader global environmental trends in this period, with local circumstances and human agency shaping a period of acute environmental crisis in Iran.
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Peacey, Jason. "Disorderly Debates: Noise and Gesture in the 17th-Century House of Commons." Parliamentary History 32, no. 1 (February 2013): 60–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1750-0206.12005.
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Tanac Zeren, Mine, and Ozgul Yilmaz Karaman. "ANALYSIS OF TRADITIONAL BUILDING TECHNIQUES AND DAMAGE ASSESSMENT OF TRADITIONAL TURKISH HOUSE." International Journal of Architectural Research: ArchNet-IJAR 9, no. 1 (March 18, 2015): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v9i1.509.
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Western part of the Anatolia is one of the most important regions of the World that many civilizations have lived during the history since ancient times. Kula is an important historical town dating back to 17th century and is hosting important timber farmed structures (mansions) unique with their space organizations, architectural features and structural system. This study creates an analysis model which is based on a detailed case study, defining structural system and damage causes for the upcoming restoration works within the region, and this methodology can be applied for other traditional regions as well.
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Tretyakova, Marina. "Russian Travelers 17th Centuries about the Ceremony of Marriage of the Adriatic." ISTORIYA 13, no. 1 (111) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840018931-3.
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The article considers the ceremonial of the Doge’s betrothal to the Adriatic sea through the prism of its perception by Russian travelers of the end of the 17th century. In the Republic of Venice there were a considerable number of ceremonies, which were held annually on the occasion of victories and various festivals. Among them, a special place was occupied by the rite of betrothal of the Doge to the sea (with the Adriatic) (Marriage of the Adriatic). Its origins rite of passage is leading with deep absent. Almost all Russian travelers who visited Venice at the end of the 17th century, paid attention to this ceremony. In their travel notes stolnik P. A. Tolstoy and an unknown author write about the date of the ceremony, its history, the details of the protocol of its ceremonial, the value for the Venetian state. The splendor and colorfulness of its holding attracted the special attention of Russian travelers. In their opinion, the central place in this ceremony was occupied by the figure of the venetian doge. In addition, they emphasized its state character. But the venetian vessels that took part in the ceremony, and above all, the ceremonial galley of the venetian doge Bucintoro, attracted the special attention of russian travelers. The interest of the stolnik P. A. Tolstoy and unknown author called private ships of the venetians, who accompanied the doge of Venice in the maritime procession. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that the rite of betrothal of the venetian doge to the Adriatic caused some interest among russian travelers of the 17th century, but to a greater extent their admiration was associated with architectural masterpieces, religious shrines, music, gardens and fountains. Perhaps this was due to the fact that in the Moscow state there were no similar ceremonies. In any case, the russian travelers of the 17th century, namely stolnik P. A. Tolstoy and an unknown author in their travel notes recorded this ritual, leaving the memory of this to posterity.
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Gehring (book editor), Ulrike, Pieter Weibel (book editor), and Jane Russell Corbett (review author). "Mapping Spaces: Networks of Knowledge in 17th Century Landscape Painting." Renaissance and Reformation 40, no. 4 (January 28, 2018): 211–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/rr.v40i4.29288.
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