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Journal articles on the topic 'Science-intensive products'
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1
Smolentsev, Vladislav, Sergey Kovalev, and Natalia Potashnikova. "Technological methods for science intensive product life increase." Science intensive technologies in mechanical engineering 2021, no. 7 (July 30, 2021): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/2223-4608-2021-7-3-11.
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The analysis of results of technological impact research upon operation characteristics of science intensive products and the ways to increase parts life of a hot area in aircraft and rocket jet engines is shown. It is shown that the basic factor of promising products for life increase consists in thermal-insulation increase and cooling jet nozzles and combustion chambers. For this the investigations are carried out for new heat-resistant material and protective coating development.
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Чудин, В., and V. Chudin. "Science intensive technology in steel plates pressure joint." Science intensive technologies in mechanical engineering 2, no. 3 (June 1, 2017): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/24965.
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The processes and computation of modes for the pressure joining of parts and structures under isothermal conditions are offered. The state of material under deformation is assumed to be creeping-plastic. The power method for the computation of technology parameters is used. The technological data and samples of products are shown.
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Tashchiyan, G. O. "Organizing Automated Ted Dialogue on the Competitiveness of Science-Intensive Products." Applied Mechanics and Materials 379 (August 2013): 240–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.379.240.
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Batkovskiy, Aleksandr, Aleksandr Leonov, Aleksey Pronin, Alexander Chursin, and Evgeniy Nesterov. "Regulation of the Dynamics of Creating High-Tech Products." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.14 (July 25, 2018): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.14.16904.
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The existing models for regulating the dynamics of the creation of science-intensive products are very fragmented; they are based on various initial data and do not allow giving a comprehensive assessment of the feasibility of RandD for the creation of science-intensive products within a given time, especially in risk.Financial and economic risk; scientific, industrial and technological risk. Taking into account these types of risk, we introduce a methodical tool. This is a complex model for regulating economic dynamics designed for a probabilistic and cost description of the dynamics and results of the creation of science-intensive products.The model provides a complex tech-economic evaluation of projects to develop high-tech products in risk. This model has a universal character and can be used in all branches of economics of a technologically developed country. In practice, this complex model can be useful at the stage of selection of competing organizations designs with the purpose of evaluating their capacity to implement projects, as well as at the stage of adjusting the funding plan and cost estimates for the creation of science-intensive products.This model may be used in planning bodies to assess the capabilities of design organizations in the implementation of orders for the creation of science-intensive products.
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Chekh, Laura, and Serhii Voitko. "COMMERCIALIZATION OF PRODUCTS OF SCIENCE PRODUCTS OF UKRAINE IN INTERNATIONAL MARKETS." Economic Analysis, no. 30(4) (2020): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2020.04.101.
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The problems of commercialization of science-intensive products in international markets are identified. The aim is to study the current state of the high-tech sector of Ukraine's economy and to analyze innovative technologies and scientific and technological progress in the period of globalization. The expediency of taking into account and ensuring the competitiveness of the state economy in the conditions of Industry 4.0 is revealed. It is noted about the expediency of effectively realizing the export potential for high-tech products. A critical analysis of a number of agreements at the intergovernmental level on cooperation in science and technology is presented. Innovative activity in the period of globalization is analyzed. The problems that have become a threat to the further development of Ukraine's economy are outlined. The need to attract foreign direct investment in order to overcome economic problems is substantiated.
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Tashchiyan, G. O., A. V. Sushko, and M. S. Kaz. "The Subjects of Automated Competitiveness Monitoring of Science-Intensive Products in Engineering." Applied Mechanics and Materials 770 (June 2015): 701–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.770.701.
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Manufacturing competitive science-intensive engineering products is one of the most important tendencies of the modern stage of Russian economy development. Various means are applied to assess the competitiveness including automated competitiveness monitoring of science-intensive products at machinery production. A separate issue is building a team of experts for the survey. To solve this problem we engage a forward-looking businessman, a professional manager, an independent expert and a potential consumer as the subjects of the dialogue.
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Kalinina, Polina, and Egor Medvedev. "MODEL OF INTEGRATED SYSTEM FOR QUALITY SUPPORT AT LIFE STAGES OF SCIENCE INTENSIVE PRODUCT." Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2020, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/1999-8775-2020-12-66-70.
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The work purpose is the development of the integrated model linking the information flows of product life cycle (PLC) processes for control effectiveness increase in manufacturing science intensive products.
During the investigation fulfillment there was used a method for the acting system analysis of an information flow at a science intensive enterprise on the basis of the regulation basis studied. The result of the work is a single information space model created first for science intensive product.
Conclusions: the model developed can be used by companies dealing with manufacturing science intensive product, for work effectiveness increase.
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Смоленцев, Владислав, Vladislav Smolentsev, Сергей Сафонов, Sergey Safonov, Андрей Мандрыкин, and Andrey Mandrykin. "Methodology of manufacturability optimization at introduction of science intensive aerospace products into production." Science intensive technologies in mechanical engineering 2019, no. 7 (July 1, 2019): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/article_5cf7bd2fd406e3.91911126.
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The process of optimization in a combined engineering process choice is considered and a necessity to create new methods and technologies, and also a structure of technologist’s evidence basis at manufacturability optimization at the stage of the new products introduction into manufacturing and design changes agreement are substantiated.
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Manevich, B. V., and Zh I. Kuzina. "SCIENCE-INTENSIVE SOLUTIONS IN EQUIPMENT SANITATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OF FUNCTIONAL PRODUCTS." Cheesemaking and buttermaking, no. 5 (2021): 43–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31515/2073-4018-2021-5-43-45.
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Ivanisov, V. Y. "ANTIRECESSIONARY ORGANIZATIONAL-ECONOMIC APPROACHES TO FUNDING OF DEVELOPMENT." Strategic decisions and risk management, no. 3 (October 26, 2014): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17747/2078-8886-2014-3-.
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The crisis of the developers of science intensive defense articles concerns with the loss of the companies’ scientific-manufacturing potential during the reforms of the domestic economics. Restoration of the scientific-manufacturing potential of the developers of science intensive defense articles is complicated by some facts including that the state customer of the development employs organizational-economic approaches to the development funding that doesn’t correspond to the development features. Organizational-economic approaches to the development funding used by the state customer create the prerequisites for their low profitability and unprofitableness, i.e. are “crisis”. Organizational-economic approaches to the development funding are realized through the contract management system of the development on the setting of the state contracts funding volume. It means that the contract management system of the development regarding funding (and price formation) and setting of manufacturing-property conditions doesn’t correspond to the development as a managed object. That inconsistency is one of the most important prerequisites of current crisis state of the science intensive products developers. Crisis state of the science intensive products developers shows up primarily in the decline of the quality and low profitability of the science intensive defense articles. The article shows antirecessionary organizational-economic approaches to funding and establishment of manufacturing-property conditions of the defense articles development that correspond to the development features, provide state support of the scientific-manufacturing potential of the developers of science intensive defense articles, provide antirecessionary development management and should be reflected in the contract management system of the development.
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Lishtvan, I. I., V. M. Dudarchyk, V. M. Kraiko, A. V. Anufrieva, and N. A. Bulgakova. "Complex processing of peat of Esmonovkiy Mokh deposit to produce science-intensive production." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Chemical Series 56, no. 1 (March 19, 2020): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1561-8331-2020-56-1-96-104.
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The possible directions of the complex use of the identified peat funds of the Esmonovskiy Mokh deposit are grounded with the account of research on the distribution of the categories of peat raw material, the determination of its qualitative characteristics and the estimation of suitability for the release of recommended production. Activated carbon, oil sorbent and concentrate microfertilizer are suggested as the main types of the products of the deep complex proceeding of the peat studied.
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Демин, В., and V. Demin. "Science intensive technologies in shaping at current stage of mechanical engineering development." Science intensive technologies in mechanical engineering 1, no. 4 (April 30, 2016): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/18096.
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Current approaches to the analysis of metal shaping. It is pointed out that at the current stage it is necessary to design processes ensuring a specified material structure and an essential reserve of plasticity. Particular consideration is given to the problem of manufacturing products of powder and incompact materials. The approaches to the problem solution of metal stamping having anisotropic stress-strain properties are widely covered. It is offered to use methods of experiment planning for processing the results of computational modeling. It is offered to include random characteristics into a solution which could change at new metal lot obtaining. It is shown that changes in geometry, techniques and stress-strain properties can result in the considerable changes of values during metal shaping.
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Selyanin, O. "MODERN TYPES OF PRODUCTION AND PRODUCTS BASED ON INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL." Actual directions of scientific researches of the XXI century: theory and practice 9, no. 4 (January 19, 2022): 136–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/2308-8877-2022-9-4-136-153.
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Currently the scientific community distinguishes several types of production and product based on intellectual capital. Most used are intelligent production and product, knowledge-intensive, innovative, high-tech and smart manufacturing and product. These terms were introduced a long time ago but their precise definitions still do not exist and the boundaries between them are rather arbitrary. This paper is devoted to the analysis and systematization of definitions of the concepts of science-intensive, innovative, high-tech and intellectual production and product represented in scientific issues in order to distinguish their key characteristics, compare and designate their relationship. It was found each of the concepts has at least 2 approaches to the definition and as a rule one of which reflects its consistency. The relationship between each of the types of production and the product has been determined. The system of relationships has a hierarchical structure: high-tech manufacturing and product are the subset of innovative, those are the subset of knowledge-intensive, and those are the subset of intelligent. Smart manufacturing appears to be a special characteristic. The results of this work can be used as a basis for the development of more accurate definitions of the concepts under consideration in the scientific community, their unification in scientific researches and legislative acts.
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Yatsenko, Viktor. "THE INFLUENCE OF CHINA ON THE GLOBAL MARKET AND RUSSIAN PRODUCTION OF SCIENCE-INTENSIVE RARE EARTH PRODUCTS." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 3, no. 1 (2019): 274–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2019-3-1-274-280.
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The present article analyzes the influence of China as a monopolist in the global rare earth market its production and consumption, supply chains and added value of science-intensive rare earth products. Russian projects of rare earth production are considered. One of the main theses is confirmed: that rare earth metals have become a global economic and political instrument.
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Balashova, K. V., and A. L. Alekseev. "ASSESSMENT OF EFFICIENCY OF IMPLEMENTATION OF RESULTS OF R & D IN SCIENTIFIC INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION." Issues of radio electronics, no. 5 (May 20, 2018): 138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21778/2218-5453-2018-5-138-143.
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The main theoretical positions determining the role and essence of the analysis of the effectiveness of the implementation of the results of research and development (R & D) in the production of science-intensive products are considered. The toolkit for determining the economic efficiency of implementing the results of R & D in science-intensive production in the implementation of medium- and long-term projects has been developed. Its essence consists in analyzing the effectiveness of the full technological cycles for the creation of high technology products using common and differentiated descriptive economic and statistical models for calculating the criteria for its evaluation. To ensure the reliability of the evaluation of efficiency, it is suggested to make comparability of the different costs taking into account the time lag.
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Сафонов, Сергей, Sergey Safonov, Владислав Смоленцев, and Vladislav Smolentsev. "Operation properties support for products by technological methods." Science intensive technologies in mechanical engineering 2018, no. 3 (February 22, 2018): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5a8ef9cea470f1.24480940.
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The paper reports the consideration of the matters of product quality increase by technological methods through the way of operation characteristics support of science intensive products under development at the stage of manufacturability improvement in the course of their mastering and introduction into production. A new approach to the choice of technological methods is shown to achieve the required properties through modification of a surface layer is shown for that purpose there is developed a system of choice among technological methods used and a purposefulness for new technological methods creation. A principle of utility with a criterion estimate of the most efficient processing options to support the required operation values of a product is assumed as a basis.
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Смоленцев, В., V. Smolentsev, Сергей Сафонов, and Sergey Safonov. "Methods and technologies for surface layer modification in metal products." Science intensive technologies in mechanical engineering 2, no. 2 (February 28, 2017): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/24548.
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In the work it is shown that the design of combined technological processes ensuring the maximum possible operating characteristics of products assessed in a criterion way is possible. The science-based methods of choice and use of technologies created earlier, methods for the development of promising coating types, means for the modification of a surface layer and thickness changes of coatings with operating characteristics required are shown. The possibilities are considered for the creation of new methods realizing operating indices the fulfillment of which is impossible at common technologies. The well-known researches have shown that at the operation of science intensive products the mechanical characteristics including fatigue material resistance depend to a great extent upon a state and properties of a surface layer that is why there is offered a substantiated choice and design of technological processes for manufacturing products with properties corresponding most completely to operation conditions.
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Смоленцев, Владислав, Vladislav Smolentsev, Михаил Кондратьев, Mihail Kondratiev, Евгений Смоленцев, and Evgeny Smolentsev. "Technology of composite erosion-radiation coating." Science intensive technologies in mechanical engineering 2, no. 9 (September 5, 2017): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_59ae90c54b8cd0.64519859.
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A new method of composite treatment with the simultaneous impact of thermal energy of a current pulse and heat supply of a plasma beam is developed. The mechanism of a qualitative coating formation is shown at which the thick layer shaping with the improved micro-profile is achieved, where a micro-surface profile matching is achieved at the expense of the impact of concentrated energy supplied by a plasma beam to the surface of a molten coating causing an increased metal castability, its runoff from lugs into hollows and micro-irregularity height decrease.
A mechanism of combined process behavior is developed which allowed creating a procedure of the design of technological modes, defining their place in technological transitions and substantiating maximum accessible technological potentialities of the method offered at the realization of working matters for science intensive products.
The examples of the efficient use of a combined erosion-beam plasma treatment are shown, which extends a field of the method application and lightens a technological pre-production at the introduction into manufacturing science intensive products of new engineering generations.
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Vougogiannopoulou, Konstantina, Angela Corona, Enzo Tramontano, Michael N. Alexis, and Alexios-Leandros Skaltsounis. "Natural and Nature-Derived Products Targeting Human Coronaviruses." Molecules 26, no. 2 (January 16, 2021): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26020448.
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The ongoing pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 human coronavirus (HCoV), has brought the international scientific community before a state of emergency that needs to be addressed with intensive research for the discovery of pharmacological agents with antiviral activity. Potential antiviral natural products (NPs) have been discovered from plants of the global biodiversity, including extracts, compounds and categories of compounds with activity against several viruses of the respiratory tract such as HCoVs. However, the scarcity of natural products (NPs) and small-molecules (SMs) used as antiviral agents, especially for HCoVs, is notable. This is a review of 203 publications, which were selected using PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar, evaluates the available literature since the discovery of the first human coronavirus in the 1960s; it summarizes important aspects of structure, function, and therapeutic targeting of HCoVs as well as NPs (19 total plant extracts and 204 isolated or semi-synthesized pure compounds) with anti-HCoV activity targeting viral and non-viral proteins, while focusing on the advances on the discovery of NPs with anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity, and providing a critical perspective.
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Reyes-Palomino, Smith Ervin, and Dominga Micaela Cano Ccoa. "Efectos de la agricultura intensiva y el cambio climático sobre la biodiversidad." Revista de Investigaciones Altoandinas - Journal of High Andean Research 24, no. 1 (February 21, 2022): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18271/ria.2022.328.
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Biodiversity is being affected by the overexploitation of natural resources, the increase of invasive species, climate change, intensive agriculture, and livestock farming. Among these, intensive soybean cultivation has displaced other products such as rice and wheat; intensive cultivation leads to increased use of agrochemicals, which generates severe socio-environmental effects, particularly on biodiversity. The objective of the study was to compile scientific literature produced on the loss of biodiversity caused by intensive agriculture and climate change, and within them the possible effects on the interrelationship between human beings and the environment. The methodological procedure was the systematic review developed in March 2021, using Boolean operators AND, OR, NOT with terms “biodiversity”, “climate change” and “agriculture” in the Scopus, Web of Science and Scielo databases. The results identified that there were at least 99 topics in Web of Science (99 topics), Scopus (155 topics) and Scielo (36 topics) that show the loss of biodiversity due to climate change and the expansion of intensive agriculture with consequences, not only in the regions surrounding the crops in question, but also indirectly in the mountain regions through the consumption of soybean in animals and derivatives in humans. It is concluded that biodiversity as a provider of food and disease prevention for humanity contributes to sustainability and, therefore, its preservation requires the adoption of aggressive public policies within the framework of the Convention on Biological Diversity.
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Smolentsev, Vladislav, Sergey Safonov, and Andrey Mandrykin. "Effectiveness increase in combined technologies for manufacturing parts using utility principle." Science intensive technologies in mechanical engineering 2020, no. 9 (August 18, 2020): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/2223-4608-2020-9-27-32.
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There is developed a concept and principles of combined technology formation for manufacturing promising products with high operation characteristics demanded by a customer and specified by a designer by means of the combination in a single engineering process of possible physical impacts for the modification of material surface layers and coating application upon parts of science intensive objects in mechanical engineering.
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Drobkova, Oksana. "Application of ERP-systems for increase of efficiency organization of high-tech production." MATEC Web of Conferences 311 (2020): 02019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202031102019.
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The specificity of ERP-systems application in the production of high-tech products is described. The approaches to implementation in science-intensive industrial enterprises are described. The use of ERP systems by Russian manufacturing enterprises has been expanding in the last decade. The article describes approaches to implementation in high-tech industrial enterprises of the Federal state unitary enterprise “Khrunichev state research center”.
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Baurina, S. B., S. V. Khudyakov, and M. Y. Uchirova. "Digital Mainstream in the Promotion of Food Industry Products." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 988, no. 5 (February 1, 2022): 052041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/988/5/052041.
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Abstract Digitalization of the food industry involves the use of modern digital information technologies at all stages of agro-industrial production, i.e. digital transformation of the industry, as well as other high technologies formed at the intersection of electronics and robotics. Information technologies, digital technologies, science-intensive technologies are currently closely intertwined, and their implementation in the industry depends not only on the degree of computerization, but also on the level of use of systems, devices and mechanisms that allow for the possibility of autonomous use (without human intervention). The article outlines well-known advanced innovative technologies, including “smart”, “precision” farming, artificial intelligence, nanotechnology, biotechnology, off-ground growing of plants (hydroponics) and vertical farming, satellite navigation systems for combines and other equipment, autonomous robots, unmanned aerial vehicles, “Internet of Things”, blockchain technologies. The characteristics of existing digital technologies are given and the options for using artificial intelligence in the food industry are described. In addition to artificial intelligence, complex agricultural technologies are: “smart” agriculture, “smart farming”, “precision farming”, etc.
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Птащенко, Олена В., Катерина В. Ватолінська, and Олександр В. Бєкетов. "ТОРГОВЕЛЬНЕ СПІВРОБІТНИЦТВО УКРАЇНИ У СФЕРІ ВИСОКИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ: МАРКЕТИНГОВИЙ АСПЕКТ." Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Series: Economic sciences 153, no. 6 (July 4, 2021): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/2413-0117.2020.6.6.
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The paper provides insights into the main elements of international marketing that contribute to building trade cooperation of Ukrainian high-tech businesses. It is emphasized that in modern realia, the high-tech market is one of the fastest growing markets; its development dynamics is determined by the prevailing market value for high-tech industries. Moreover, most world countries associate the According to the Standard International Trade Classification (SITC), the group of key technologies includes the production of the following 16 science-intensive products: 1) advanced products of organic and polymer chemistry; 2) pharmaceuticals; 3) agricultural chemistry; 4) radioactive materials; 5) turbines and reactors; 6) equipment; 7) nuclear power generators; 8) hydroelectric power plants and wind power plants; 9) equipment for automated information processing; 10) telecommunication equipment; 11) electronic equipment and medical and economic equipment; 12) semiconductor equipment; 13) advanced electrical equipment; 14) aviation and space technology; 15) modern optical instruments and measuring equipment; 16) arms and ammunition. It is noted that in recent decades the share of knowledge-intensive and high-tech products in industrial production in most developed countries is gradually increasing. At the same time, the share of high technology in exports and imports of products is rapidly growing which is associated, on the one hand, with the demand for high-tech products in developing countries, and on the other – with a steady trend for specialization and segmentation of these products in the world market. The above tends to have important implications for Ukraine to encourage further research in the area of trade cooperation.
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Gredasova, Elena E. "DEVELOPMENT OF EXPORT OF HIGH-TECH AND INNOVATIVE PRODUCTS." Vestnik of Samara University. Economics and Management 11, no. 3 (November 4, 2020): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2542-0461-2020-11-3-18-26.
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The article discusses the main criteria for classifying goods, works, services as innovative products and (or) high-tech products, the necessary economic efficiency of using these products, the existing measures of state support for innovation in the sectors of the economy. In order to consider goods, works or services high-tech, they must be produced or rendered by high-tech organizations using the latest technological equipment, technological processes and technologies, and with the participation of highly qualified personnel. The author researches the interpretations in the scientific literature and the legislative base of the concepts of «high-tech», «science-intensive» and «innovative products», analyzes the dynamics of exports by product groups and analyzes the level of highly qualified personnel based on the international ranking by countries. The author developed and formulated proposals on amendments to the regulatory framework in order to develop the export of high-tech and innovative products. The author made a conclusion that the analysis of the structure of incomes by export items shows that it is necessary to develop new directions, to provide government support in the form of subsidies in order to increase the level of their competitiveness in international markets.
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Abrashkin, M. S. "Organizational-economic mechanism of regional development of high-tech engineering." Voprosy regionalnoj ekonomiki 38, no. 1 (March 30, 2019): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21499/2078-4023-2019-38-1-3-11.
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The article contains a study on the prospective tendencies and problems of the development of science-intensive enterprises of rocket and space engineering. Information base of statistical interpretation of results, using methods of logical analysis, synthesis of information and graphical interpretation of results. It was revealed that the primary tasks in the development of science-intensive enterprises of the rocket and space machine-building are the instability of financial results, the state monopoly on organizational design and ensuring the increase in the quality of products. It was proved that the development of rocket and space machine-building enterprises requires improvement of the levers and methods of state regulation of the industry and attraction of private investors. It is also necessary to concentrate all functions and levers of management of the space industry, especially in terms of financial flows, product quality, control of production activities.
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Wang, Huajin, Melanie Gainey, Patrick Campbell, Sarah Young, and Katie Behrman. "Implementation and assessment of an end-to-end Open Science & Data Collaborations program." F1000Research 11 (May 5, 2022): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.110355.1.
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As research becomes more interdisciplinary, fast-paced, data-intensive, and collaborative, there is an increasing need to share data and other research products in accordance with Open Science principles. In response to this need, we created an Open Science & Data Collaborations (OSDC) program at the Carnegie Mellon University Libraries that provides Open Science tools, training, collaboration opportunities, and community-building events to support Open Research and Open Science adoption. This program presents a unique end-to-end model for Open Science programs because it extends open science support beyond open repositories and open access publishing to the entire research lifecycle. We developed a logic model and a preliminary assessment metrics framework to evaluate the impact of the program activities based on existing data collected through event and workshop registrations and platform usage. The combination of these evaluation instruments has provided initial insight into our service productivity and impact. It will further help to answer more in-depth questions regarding the program impact, launch targeted surveys, and identify priority service areas and interesting Open Science projects.
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Maridjo, Herry, Y. M. V. Mudayen, and Wiwid Wijayanti. "Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Pemilik Usaha Pembuatan Nata de Coco, Dusun Jragan II, Kabupaten Bantul." ABDIMAS ALTRUIS: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 1, no. 1 (May 20, 2018): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24071/aa.v1i1.1211.
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The purpose of the Science and Technology Implementation of Nata de Coco Business Owners is toincrease the income of the Nata de Coco business owners through education and training on productprocessing as well as on the management of their business. The idea of implementing science andtechnology for Nata de Coco entrepreneurs stemmed from the fact that nata de coco entrepreneurs weregenerally less skilled in processing nata de coco products. The products were less hygienic and were not marketed under their own trademark. The specific target in IbM's activities was the increasing income of the nata de coco businessmen. The method used to achieve this goal was a collaborative method throughvarious trainings, intensive facilitation, hands-on practice, monitoring and evaluation. The outcome ofIbM's program was the production of nata de coco's distinctive, varied, hygienic, and delicious productsso that the sales turnover and the nata de coco craftsmen income continue to increase.
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Osadchy, Valentin A., Alexander V. Osadchy, Valeriy V. Savin, Lyudmila A. Savina, and Nikolai V. Novoseltcev. "Use of Web technologies to create an information processing system of pressure metal forming processes." MATEC Web of Conferences 207 (2018): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201820703004.
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The problem of obtaining reliable information when performing calculations, can be solved, thanks to the intensive development of computer facilities, using specially created databases and information systems, as well as improving data processing techniques and optimizing the characteristics of materials and products, parameters of technology and equipment. Following tasks have been solved: a) an information system in the field of metal forming and related science fields has been developed; b) a database on metal materials, metal products, technology and equipment of rolling production has been created; c) a mathematical apparatus and model of the rolling process for material and process parameters selection have been developed. Obtained as a result framework can be applied to solve a broad aspect of practical problems.
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Ghasemi, Iman, Ehsan Abdi, Omid Yaghmaei, and Ruhollah Nemati. "Nanotechnology Markets in Global Competition: A Review." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 57 (August 2015): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.57.74.
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Nowadays, nanotechnology is as a main way of in international competitiveness that is due to science and technology. Hence, nanotechnology is known as a new industry or science in the global market competition topics. Also, developed or developing countries would trend to acquire portions for future markets through the investment in nanotechnology (R&D) because of profitable products and services in the future which are consistency environmentally and green. The products or services of nanocan be supplied in different markets e.g. energy, industry, medicine, and so on. Moreover, each of them depends upon innovation in producing new features or materials for the future that can be considered as important factors for different solutions for problems of life and humanity. Most of big companies pursue nanotechnology business in the global market from different products and services through the intensive competitions especially energy sector in the future. Although it can be accounted as new business in the future, there are some weakness of the firms in competitiveness i.e. weakness in strategies, capabilities, assets and knowledge. Hence, the aim of this study is to understand variety of issues in the literature of nanotechnology and strategies from managerial views.
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Et. al., Svetlana A. Ulyanova. "Assessing the Factor Influence on Patent Activity in Mining and Metallurgical Industry (e.g. Nano Products)." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 3 (April 10, 2021): 5768–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i3.2253.
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The creation of an intellectual property product with a vector of effective implementation into production predetermines the search for optimal proportions of interaction between scientific, industrial, and educational parameters. Scientific, industrial and educational types of organizations are proposed to be interpreted as objects of interrelated elements that have a direct impact on patent activity in the field of nano production. Additional emphasis was placed on the factors that arise in the process of commercialization of objects of intellectual activity and have a critical impact on the final results of the process. In this connection, it was proposed to introduce the concept of dysfunction (a dysfunctional indicator of the promotion of high technology products), considered as a factor-obstacle in the process of entering the market of intellectual property. It also introduces the definition of success (an indicator of the success of promoting science-intensive products), considered as a vector antonym of dysfunction, which is a defining tool to improve the effectiveness of the strategy for the commercialization of scientific developments and projects.
The paper defines the boundaries of the indicators of success and the dysfunctionality of the patent activity of high technology products using the example of nanomaterials. The indicators were evaluated for their compliance with the proposed criteria. This approach can be positioned as a way to identify and correct dysfunctional and successful factors that predetermine the effectiveness of patent activity of high technology products in the mining and metallurgical industry.
The article proposes a model for assessing the factors affecting patent activity in the mining and metallurgical complex, based on the division of factors into blocks of standard and specific purposes, based on the specifics of the nano object of the mining and metallurgical complex as a product on the market. The model includes scientific, educational, and industrial indices that have a direct impact on patenting activity in the field of nanomaterials and nanotechnology in the mining and metallurgical industry. The correspondence of scientific, production, and educational parameters was checked on the example of a science-intensive product of the proposed model for increasing patent activity
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Crawley, Edward F., and Suzanne B. Greenwald. "Creating a Ten-Year Science and Innovation Framework for the UK." Industry and Higher Education 20, no. 3 (June 2006): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000006777690981.
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The sustainability of a competitive, national economy depends largely on the ability of companies to deliver innovative knowledge-intensive goods and services to the market. These are the ultimate outputs of a scientific knowledge system. Ideas flow from the critical, identifiable phases of (a) the discovery, (b) the development, (c) the deployment and (d) the delivery of end products. In order to develop a successful ten-year strategic framework for investment in science and innovation, the UK government will need to prioritize and secure contributions to economic development and public service. One particular goal of the framework would be to identify the desirable attributes of a knowledge system that could achieve these ambitions. The Cambridge–MIT Institute (CMI) interviewed US stakeholders in science and innovation to gather insights on the UK's potential for long-term, scientific innovation, and the critical processes that fuel it. This paper reviews high-level observations, proposes a model for a scientific knowledge system and outlines its critical attributes.
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Duginets, Ganna, and Viacheslav Kotlubai. "Ensuring growth in international competitiveness of national instrument production." Economics. Ecology. Socium 4, no. 3 (September 18, 2020): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/2616-7107/2020.4.3-7.
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Introduction. Mechanical engineering and instrument-making is one of the most science-intensive industries and the level of development of instrument-making directly depends on the main indicators of socio-economic development of the state. At the same time, in Ukraine this industry and its products lag behind the world level due to a number of objective reasons, which are of economic, political and technological nature. Lagging in technologies, lack of domestic innovations and high cost of new equipment make it necessary for enterprises to replace the main production assets, as well as to complete the final reorientation of the economic model of development.
Aim and tasks. Study the state of instrument-making products of Ukraine, with subsequent identification of areas to improve its competitiveness.
Results. The dynamics of indices of industrial production during 2015-2019 was analyzed and the share of instrument-making in industry from 2015 to 2019 was identified. PEST-analysis of domestic instrumentation was carried out to identify economic, political, social and technological factors affecting its competitiveness. The sufficient efficiency of instrument-making enterprises is justified taking into account methodological postulates of the theory of effective competition. Certain fluctuations can be explained firstly by the presence of crisis phenomena in the Ukrainian economy in 2014-2015. And secondly, the dynamics of indicators is closely related to the processes within the company. On the other hand, the analysis of the export structure indicates a decrease in the volume of high-tech products due to the lack of international competitiveness of the industry.
Conclusions. It is proved that the development of instrument-making enterprises is cyclical. The main directions of increasing the competitiveness of domestic instrument-making enterprises and their products on world markets are proposed, namely: updating of the entire technological platform of instrument-making; launching production of new high-tech products that are more innovative and knowledge-intensive, development of international cooperation and cooperation, a course to develop the scientific environment in the field of instrumentation.
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Chen, Jie. "Research on Manufacturing Engineering with Financial Information Management System Inter Control in Technology-Based Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises." Advanced Materials Research 910 (March 2014): 381–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.910.381.
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Manufacturing Engineering makes the technical science content high, if enterprise wants to utilize this kind of technical effect well .Small and medium-sized enterprises refers to the scientific and technical personnel as the main body, it is an intelligence intensive economic entity which mainly engaged in high-tech research and development, production of high-tech products and business, independent accounting. The main contents of this paper: The significance of financial information management system inter control; The specific application of financial information system under the environment of ERP; Strategies of improving the internal control of accounting information system.
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Dozier, Jeff, and James Frew. "Computational provenance in hydrologic science: a snow mapping example." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 367, no. 1890 (December 16, 2008): 1021–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2008.0187.
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Computational provenance—a record of the antecedents and processing history of digital information—is key to properly documenting computer-based scientific research. To support investigations in hydrologic science, we produce the daily fractional snow-covered area from NASA's moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS). From the MODIS reflectance data in seven wavelengths, we estimate the fraction of each 500 m pixel that snow covers. The daily products have data gaps and errors because of cloud cover and sensor viewing geometry, so we interpolate and smooth to produce our best estimate of the daily snow cover. To manage the data, we have developed the Earth System Science Server (ES 3 ), a software environment for data-intensive Earth science, with unique capabilities for automatically and transparently capturing and managing the provenance of arbitrary computations. Transparent acquisition avoids the scientists having to express their computations in specific languages or schemas in order for provenance to be acquired and maintained. ES 3 models provenance as relationships between processes and their input and output files. It is particularly suited to capturing the provenance of an evolving algorithm whose components span multiple languages and execution environments.
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Popov, P. A., V. S. Babunova, I. S. Osipova, S. A. Lavina, S. S. Netychuk, and I. V. Timofeeva. "MODERN METHODS FOR DETECTING RESIDUAL CONCENTRATIONS OF VETERINARY DRUGS IN MEAT." Problems of Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology 1, no. 2 (2021): 114–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/vet.san.hyg.ecol.202102002.
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Over the last few years, the livestock industry in Russia significantly increases the production of the main types of meat (pork, beef, poultry). In modern industrial animal husbandry, poultry and fish farming with intensive technologies of animal rearing, technological regulations, instructions for the use of veterinary drugs are often violated. In this regard, the residual contents of veterinary drugs, hormones and b-agonists are encountered in animal products. Screening and arbitration methods are used to control the residual content of veterinary drugs, both in the Russian Federation and in the countries of the European Union. The development and improvement of existing tools and methods for controlling the residual contents of veterinary drugs is an important task for veterinary science.
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Uvarov, D. A. "Global Market of Monoclonal Antibodies: Sales, Prices, Demand." Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics 18, no. 2 (April 9, 2021): 64–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2413-2829-2021-2-64-76.
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Bio-pharmaceutics is one of the most science-intensive industries. Annually a lot of money is spent on applied research aimed at development and commercialization of new medications. Many pharmaceutical companies try to have in their product line or pipeline drugs on the basis of monoclonal antibodies, i.e. a class of biotechnological preparations that are used to combat oncologic and autoimmune diseases and are based on target therapy principle. Because of the high interest in bio-pharmaceutical industry on the part of businessmen, state and science any advanced data dealing with the situation inside the market can be useful for shaping the adequate picture of the present day condition and for making managerial decisions on state and private level. The article provides information about global sales of preparations based on monoclonal antibodies. Apart from sales in terms of money the author calculates the natural volume of products being sold based on price analysis of products. The article gives a list of preparations registered on EU and US markets rated by their sales. By analyzing preparation prices corrected to dosage it was possible to find the most expensive and the cheapest medications in their class. Information concerning the natural volume of drug being sold can help understand the scale of preparation production.
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Boyazoglu, J. "GROWING INTEREST IN THE WATER BUFFALO: A SHORT BIBLIOGRAPHIC UPDATE." Animal Genetic Resources Information 19 (April 1996): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1014233900000742.
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When FAO published a major work in 1974 (Ross Cockrill), reviewing for the first time the then existing information relating to the water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), Sir John Grenfell E Crawford, the Vice Chancellor of the Australian National University, introduced it by unr' rlining that “among all farming livestock which science had neglected, the domestic buffalo served as an outstanding example of genera failure to recognise and exploit its production potential” Since then a world-wide interest has developed in this species, not only as a purveyor of anima protein for human consumption, but also because of a growing interest in the diversification of products of animal origin and the manufacture of typical regiona products as well as a variety of renewed uses of these animals. Furthermore, the strong image linking the buffalo with nature and the environment's ecological equilibrium, particularly in some of the world's more marginal lands, shows this species as one of the most viable alternatives of intensive cattle husbandry systems which are more and more under accusation in an environment-conscious society.
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Galkin, Konstantin I., and Valentine P. Ananikov. "Intermolecular Diels-Alder Cycloadditions of Furfural-Based Chemicals from Renewable Resources: A Focus on the Regio- and Diastereoselectivity in the Reaction with Alkenes." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 21 (November 1, 2021): 11856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111856.
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A recent strong trend toward green and sustainable chemistry has promoted the intensive use of renewable carbon sources for the production of polymers, biofuels, chemicals, monomers and other valuable products. The Diels-Alder reaction is of great importance in the chemistry of renewable resources and provides an atom-economic pathway for fine chemical synthesis and for the production of materials. The biobased furans furfural and 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural, which can be easily obtained from the carbohydrate part of plant biomass, were recognized as “platform chemicals” that will help to replace the existing oil-based refining to biorefining. Diels-Alder cycloaddition of furanic dienes with various dienophiles represents the ideal example of a “green” process characterized by a 100% atom economy and a reasonable E-factor. In this review, we first summarize the literature data on the regio- and diastereoselectivity of intermolecular Diels-Alder reactions of furfural derivatives with alkenes with the aim of establishing the current progress in the efficient production of practically important low-molecular-weight products. The information provided here will be useful and relevant to scientists in many fields, including medical and pharmaceutical research, polymer development and materials science.
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Ablazhey, Anatoly. "Institutions and practices of interaction in the intellectual sphere. Review of the book “Naukoemkie proizvodstva v sisteme vzaimodeistviya institutov” [Science-intensive production in the system of institutions interaction]." Science Management: Theory And Practice 3, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 203–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/smtp.2021.3.1.11.
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The review analysis the content of a collective monograph about the institutions and practices of social institutions interaction, included in the production of innovative products. The book is complex, interdisciplinary and based on a rich empirical base. Among the authors - specialists in the field of sociology of education, science of science, statistics, jurisprudence. In their field of view are such important topics as key problems of training for the knowledge-based economy; the role and functions of techno-parks; statistical accounting in the field of innovation; lobbying as an element of state innovation policy, legal aspects of innovation (protection of intellectual property), etc. A number of the results obtained by theauthors are valuable for both researchers and managers. Among them, for example, is the conclusion that a simple increasing of funding for knowledge-intensive sectors of economy will not guarantees automatic growth of the innovation market. More perspective is searching and testing of new, more effective forms of interaction between the key-players operating in this area. The monograph is an important contribution in scientific understanding the problem of innovation in modern Russia and must be useful to all specialists deal with this topic.
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Kliucharev, G. A., and A. V. Chursina. "Hightech industries for an innovative economy: Expert opinions." RUDN Journal of Sociology 21, no. 1 (December 15, 2021): 68–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2272-2021-21-1-68-83.
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The most important aspect of the transition to the knowledge society is the interaction of science and industry. The article considers the triple helix theory as a basis for managing the innovative economy. The interaction of science and business can provide Russia with larger incomes, especially provided the state participation in the countrys innovative economic development. The authors analyze official documents regulating the cooperation of universities, research institutions and innovative enterprises, and the features of financing this cooperation. The article is based on the databases of the monitoring research of the Institute of Sociology of FCTAS RAS Continuous education and knowledge- intensive industries: Institutions and practices of interaction which was conducted with the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation. On the basis of 100 expert interviews conducted in 2017- 2019 in 12 regions of the Russian federal districts with key figures of innovation processes (chief engineers, leading designers, rectors, ministers, heads of development institutions, venture funds, technoparks and special economic zones), the authors describe the practices of interaction of scienceintensive companies with other participants of the innovative economy. In the framework of the triple helix theory, the authors consider the interaction of knowledge-intensive enterprises with higher educational institutions, the main challenges these enterprises face, investment legislation and risks of investment in scientific research. The authors argue that the state policy in this field needs a network of subjects that would ensure a dialogue between the state, science, business and education at different stages of creating and promoting innovative products. The authors also consider some issues of the development of innovation infrastructure, and possibilities of using the experience of other countries.
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Musayeva, Zh K., E. K. Musayev, S. E. Koibakova, and S. Syrlybekkyzy. "USE OF MODERN METHODS OF IDENTIFICATION OF HYDROCARBON CONTAINING MICROORGANISMS ISOLATED FROM THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT OF THE CASPIAN SEA." REPORTS 6, no. 334 (December 15, 2020): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-1483.141.
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Currently, the problem of the negative impact of petroleum hydrocarbons in the Caspian Sea has become catastrophic. Intensive pollution of marine waters by oil and oil products, from production, transportation and storage of hydrocarbons leads to the oppression of the sea ecosystem. Mechanical and physico-chemical methods for cleaning the marine environment are characterized by low efficiency, secondary pollution and high cost. The most promising is the use of microbiological methods for cleaning waters from oil pollution. In the article presents the results of the identification of reactive oxidizing bacteria isolated from the marine environment of the Caspian Sea, for further use in new biopreparation from oil pollutions. From the sea water in bulk berths Aktau sea port and the port of Bautino (North Caspian) allocated 27 hydrocarbon isolates of microorganisms having the ability to oil degradation of these strains selected the 4 most active cultures, which were identified as Bacillus cereus (2 strains), strain Bacillus sr.13 and Acinetobacter sr.10. Article is written by results of the scientific project of grant financing of Committee of Science of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan "Activization of the self-clearing ability of sea water of the Caspian Sea from oil products". Article is issued thanks to the international project Tempus of IV IEMAST of "Establishing Modern Master-level Studies in Industrial Ecology".
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Mardaneh, Jalal. "Cronobacter Sakazakii: A Foodborne Pathogenic Bacterium in Immunocompromised and Hospitalized Patients." Quarterly of the Horizon of Medical Sciences 27, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 264–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/hms.27.2.1402.4.
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Aims: Cronobacter sakazakii (CS) is a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family. It is a genomically heterogeneous, motile, Gram-negative bacillus. It is also an emergent foodborne pathogen associated with the ingestion of infant formula milk that can cause neonatal sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, and meningitis. This review is focused on the newest information about the bacterial characteristics of C. sakazakii and human infections causing by this pathogenic bacterium. Methods & Materials: We searched medical databases such as ISI Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and other websites. Findings: Cronobacter sakazakii acts as a microbiological hazard in the infant food chain, with historic high mortality in neonates. The International Commission for Microbiological Specifications for Foods has categorized C. sakazakii as a severe hazard bacterium for some individuals, with long duration, substantial chronic sequelae, or life-threatening complications. Although the incidence of C. sakazakii infection is low, the prognosis of the disease is poor, and infection is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Powdered Infant Formula (PIF) milk products contaminated with C. sakazakii have been epidemiologically linked to several clinical cases. Premature infants, low-birth-weight ones, and patients hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) are more at infection risk than older infants. Conclusion: We recommend focusing on simple preventative strategies such as the promotion of breast milk feeding, the inclusion of warnings on the powder infant formula packages that may be contaminated with C. sakazakii, and abstinence from the practice of re-warming of reconstituted formula. Reconstituted dairy products should be avoided in adult immunosuppressed populations. Appropriate barrier precautions should be observed in NICU and intensive care unit settings, where the spread of infection may be more prevalent.
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Baurina, S. B., and N. B. Akulenko. "Overseas Experience of Introducing Advanced Technologies of Production System Upgrading." Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, no. 6 (December 18, 2018): 224–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2413-2829-2018-6-224-238.
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Today's enterprise in order to be competitive needs not only to use high technologies, put out science-intensive products and have the R & D department with high innovation potential. To response in good time and adequately to challenges called 'digital economy' the company will be able only if it possesses a flexible adaptive production system providing synergy to all divisions, all employees of the enterprise. This system should continuously upgrade not to lose its relevance. The article deals with methodology of '20 keys' as an integrator of well-known approaches to enhancing the organization work. Its specific features and advantages were identified, as well as concrete results of introducing this methodology by overseas companies, in particular, the American company 'Windfall Products' specializing in production of powder metal components. The system of five-level appraisal of the organization formulated in the company is introduced in the article. Key stages of reforming conducted in the company, concrete processes and steps being in line with each of the stages are described there. Benefits of the program of '20 keys' for realizing modern tools and approaches to business enhancement are also included in the article.
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Belozyorov, Sergey, and Victoria Zabolotskaya. "State Stimulation of Innovation Activities in Switzerland and Russia." Contemporary Europe 101, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 108–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/soveurope12021108120.
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The article explores the system of State Financing of Research and Development (R&D) of small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) in Switzerland. Authors outlined the results of their analysis of key state institutions of financial support. The innovative vector of Swiss economy with a focus on its own financial resources, a developed national scientific and educational environment, as well as mechanisms of tax incentives for scientific and innovative activities of large, small and medium-sized enterprises at the regional level allowed Switzerland to become one of the leaders in the world innovation market. Russia can borrow the experience of Switzerland in the development of multichannel and targeted financial support for innovative activities of SMEs carrying out R&D in areas of scientific and technological development and focus on the production of science-intensive products. A certain exemption from the income tax and a reduction in the rate of insurance tax to SME employees engaged in innovative activities in priority sectors of Russia, the introduction of tax incentives and tax deductions such as patent boxes and super deductions will ensure the increase of the number of SMEs and in their contribution to GDP, will boost a competitiveness of the manufactured high technology products. The Swiss case will help to improve the mechanisms for integrating academic and university science with government and non-government organizations and SMEs in order to accelerate the commercialization of scientific research and the development of international network cooperation. The development of forms of integration cooperation between financial investors and youth small enterprises, start-up leaders and technology start-ups adapted to the Russian realities will allow to increase the level of interaction between the state in the field of higher education and science with large business and SMEs and to solve the priority tasks of training qualified personnel in innovation-oriented sectors of the economy.
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Киричек, Андрей, Andrey Kirichek, Олег Федонин, Oleg Fedonin, Дмитрий Петрешин, and Dmitriy Petreshin. "Technological increase of machinery operation properties." Science intensive technologies in mechanical engineering 2018, no. 4 (April 19, 2018): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5aacd858c344d8.93651834.
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Manufacturing technology impact upon quality parameters of a surface layer and ensuring machinery operation properties is considered. An impact upon operation properties not only of modes, but also a technological method of machining, even at ensuring similar parameters of the surface layer quality is emphasized. The impact of a surface strengthening depth and a structure of a supporting layer upon hard-loaded product operation is estimated. A multi-layer organization of surface layers and sublayers, the formation of heterogeneous structures, thin surface layer nano-structuring are recommended. There are shown advantages of surface deformation strengthening including the use of a deformation wave in combination with the further chemical-thermal treatment of material. The prospects of wave deformation strengthening use in additive technologies of the direct layer-by-layer synthesis of parts in science intensive products are revealed.
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POSHYVALOVA, Olena. "Development of the global pharmaceutical market under the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic." Economics. Finances. Law, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2021.9.3.
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The paper examines the peculiarities of development of the global pharmaceutical market under the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic. It has been proved that pharmaceutics is currently one of the most dynamic and science-intensive sectors of economy in Ukraine and across the world with its development stipulated by a growing demand for pharmaceutical products and the increase in government expenditures for healthcare. The purpose of the presented work is the analysis of development of the global pharmaceutical market under the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is established that the growth of the global pharmaceutical market is preconditioned primarily by the following trends: growth in the segment of biologically active additives (BAA) and the generic drug segment; epidemiological and economic changes; growth in demand for medication which is effective in the treatment of diseases previously typical only for the developed countries. An analysis has been conducted with regard to the dynamics of health-care costs over the period of 1995–2020 among three groups of countries: with high / medium / low per capita income. According to the results of the statistic analysis of the foreign trade balance of Ukraine in the period of 2016–2020 it was asserted that within the structure of foreign trade operations the importation of pharmaceutical products significantly exceeds its exportation. Contrary to the global market with its upward trend of growing consumption of medicines, Ukraine manifests fairly modest consumption, mainly stipulated by low purchasing power of the population. A ranking of the leading companies in the Ukrainian market of pharmaceutical products has been established with regard to three indicators: the growth of sales, the Evolution Index, the market share. The paper scrutinizes possible risks in the global pharmaceutical market in consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic: disruption of the global supply chain; deficit of medications for intensive care units and emergent of bottlenecks in their production distribution; decline in demand for prescription medicines. Among the local short-term risks for the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine are as follows: a relatively slow recovery of basic macroeconomic indicators; structure of household expenditures; increased fiscal pressure on manufacturers; unstable political and economic situation within the country.
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Стекольников, К. Е. "ОРГАНИЧЕСКОЕ ЗЕМЛЕДЕЛИЕ В РОССИИ – БЛАГО ИЛИ КАТАСТРОФА?" Biosfera 12, no. 1 (June 5, 2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24855/biosfera.v12i1.537.
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Organic farming (OF), which is being actively introduced in Russia, cannot be an alternative to intensive agriculture and, because of its inherent unsolvable problems and non-compliance with the laws of agriculture, will not become such an alternative. OF will not provide for compliance with the Law of Return, and its productivity will be limited by the Law of Minimum. OF always will be accompanied by the shortage of phosphorus and potassium. OF introduction will not provide environmentally "clean" products. Moreover, it will be unable to produce enough products for the population of Russia. The claim of OF proponents that natural ores, which are supposed to compensate for nutrient removal, are safe is unsubstantiated. Indeed, why is a chemical element from a mineral fertilizer dangerous, whereas the same from a natural ore is safe? Can the properties of the element change so dramatically? They can, according to OF proponents logics, which thus denies the laws of Nature and science. The symbiotic rhizobia use 20.17 MJ to produce one mole of nitrogen, whereas technical nitrogen is obtained at the cost of 1.56 MJ, i.e. the latter is 12.93 times cheaper in energy terms. Therefore, the argument that OF provides for "gratuitous" nitrogen is false.
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Zaharchenko, Ludmila, Oksana Chepinoga, and Natalya Epova. "Russian Aviation Industry as a Driver of Innovative Economic Development." Bulletin of Baikal State University 28, no. 4 (December 27, 2018): 701–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-2759.2018.28(4).701-710.
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In the current context, innovation development is particularly relevant. Russia is an outsider in the global market of high-technology products, but the government is taking active steps to develop an innovative economy. The article provides a brief description of the theory of innovation and assesses the position of Russia among other countries at the current stage of innovative development. The paper emphasizes the importance of the government in building a national system of innovation and the need for the companies in this business field to be proactive. The importance for the Russian economy to find its own way of innovation development is emphasized. Aircraft industry which creates sophisticated, science-intensive products is reviewed as an example of the most promising in this aspect of the industry. The authors substantiate the choice of the Internet of Things technology as a base for the development of innovations in the industry, considering it to be a key phenomenon in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and propose a universal algorithm for the use of this technology at the company level. The article provides examples of the introduction of the Internet of Things in the global aviation industry and the ways of applying them in Russia.
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Tsymbal, Liudmyla. "CONCEPTUAL PRINCIPLES OF ACHIEVING INTELLECTUAL LEADERSHIP." Economics & Education 6, no. 2 (August 27, 2021): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2500-946x/2021-2-18.
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The article identifies the key conceptual foundations for the formation of intellectual leadership of economic entities, including countries as specific actors in the global economy. Thorough preconditions for increasing the level of economic development and the impact of education have been identified. It is determined that historical concepts and modern realities of economic activity only actualize the role of education and enlightenment in the economic development of the national economy and ensuring its competitiveness. The strategies of increasing the competitiveness of individual countries of the world are analyzed, their key priorities in the conditions of formation of the knowledge economy are determined. The evolution of views on the role of human and intellectual capital in increasing the welfare of countries, the impact on GDP and other macroeconomic indicators is described. The ratings of countries are analyzed, in particular by the level of investment in intellectual capital and the structure of their GDP, which confirms the dominance of science-intensive economic activities. In addition, it was determined that the leading countries are characterized by increasing the role of knowledge-intensive activities, increasing the share of intangible assets, redistribution of capital of leading international companies and increasing research spending, increasing investment in human and intellectual capital, increasing exports of high-tech products. Analytical assessment confirms the advanced development of science-intensive industries in countries with developed economies, which creates the need for training and retraining of specialists needed for such industries. In modern conditions, the educational process ceases to be predominantly the prerogative of young people, and becomes a lifelong process, which increases spending on education in developed countries, but without denying the significant asymmetries on this indicator. Research confirms the direct relationship between the quality of human and physical capital and economic development, which is typical of highly developed countries, one of the main reasons for the development lag of the poorest countries. In addition, the article substantiates the key factors of intellectual leadership and their impact on the development of economic development strategies.