Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Science in Society'
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Blomley, Matthew. "The new science, social science, and society." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620289.
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Ely, Joshua J. "Society and Science: Ancient Astronomy." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/31.
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Astronomy is the oldest scientific field in human history. As such, it is linked heavily with Ancient History as a central part of understanding, scientific development and cultural appreciation in the world of antiquity. The goal of this thesis will be to investigate the importance of the ancient astronomers, their discoveries, the differences in cultural understandings of the universe due to environmental and political reasons, planets and the cosmos, and the impacts their discoveries had on the ancient world.
Primary sources will be various writings and documents by ancient astronomers and philosophers such as Eratosthenes, Hipparchus, Plato and the Pythagorean concept. Also to be consulted will be ancient documents that explain the cosmos and nature of this universe from the cultural aspect of the Egyptian, Maya, Mesopotamian, and Hellenistic civilizations. Secondary sources will a variety of modern historical and scientific writings about the history of astronomy. These will include Astronomy of the Ancients by Kenneth Brecher and Michael Feirtag, Ancient Egyptian Science by Marshall Clagett, and A History of The Ancient Mathematical Astronomy by Neugebauer. Also included will be modern sources that explain astronomical events and notions.
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Palacpac, Eric Parala. "Science-Society interface in the Philippines." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.515554.
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Reza, Faisal 1980. "Human cloning : science, ethics, policy, society." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29582.
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Thesis (B.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Science, Technology, and Society, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 73-74).
The interplay of science, ethics, policy and society contribute to our understanding of and relation with human cloning. Genetic science and technology at the end of the twentieth century has permitted successful cloning of mammals and other animals. Such advancement has raised key ethical issues regarding the prospect of cloning human beings. Evaluation of these issues has led to policies aimed at regulating this novel technology. In tum, these policies strive to prepare our society for the scientific possibilities and ethical implications of human cloning.
by Faisal Reza.
B.S.
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Hay, Gordon Lindsay. "Ideology, science, and discourse in contemporary society." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq22049.pdf.
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Hartwick, Elaine R., and Louise Zimmer. "The dialectic relation between society and science." Thesis, Boston University, 1985. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/30810.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Boston UniversityPLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
The questions examined are central to the ongoing debate in science, which encompasses two general positions when answering the question, what is science? One position is the positivist tradition which views science as objective and value-free, while the other more structural tradition views science as value-laden. It was the latter position we adopted in handling the material.
2031-01-01
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McIntyre, John Alan. "Science, Reason and Society: Foucalt and Habermas." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17087.
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This thesis elucidates science as a social institution through the prism of a critical examination of the work of Michel Foucault and Jurgen Habermas. I consider the role of science in relation to all aspects of society: morality, religion and social institutions such as democracy and the economy. This requires a consideration of the operation of power, as well as processes of socialisation and the formation of particular forms of subjectivity. Science is viewed in relation both to all the other high cultural discourses such as philosophy and art as well as the everyday lifeworld and commonsense. Common commitments arise from the two thinkers’ relation to the tradition of the Enlightenment and its continuation in Critical Theory. Neither disputes the truth of modern science in general. They want to expose the false pretensions of various attitudes towards science and their power effects. They draw on broad contexts to view categories of thought which are revealed as not given by nature, but historically conditioned and distorted by power. Both recognise the need for a more reflexive perspective and see philosophy as able to articulate social problems not visible from the specialised perspectives of science. Habermas wants to endorse cultural modernity by taking its knowledge and interpreting it for contemporary society, to show not only the limitations of science but, its emancipatory potential. By viewing science in harness with critical theory, he offers a developmental account, whereby the sciences are linked to cognitive advances of distanciation and differentiation. Foucault is more sceptical in his theorising, and more wary in his assessment of the human sciences and their ubiquitous power effects. His genealogical stance suspends commitment to science which he relativises as a “regime of truth”. Rather than comparing and judging one or the other to be more correct, or seeking to reconcile their differences, I want to maintain the tension between the two projects such that we neither have to reconcile nor choose between them. If we attend not only to what Foucault and Habermas say about science, but how they employ science, we can see their projects as two different aspects of the self-reflexivity of modern thought, which both posits its own foundations and remains open to criticism.
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Dick, Barbara Kathleen. "Modern Arabic science fiction : science, society and religion in selected texts." Thesis, Durham University, 2016. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11907/.
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This thesis examines a selection of original SF or SF-inflected texts written in Arabic from the 1960s to the present day. It is a thematic study, considering their presentation of and attitudes to science and technology, utopias and ideal societies and religion. Although some critics attempt to figure SF as a continuation of the Thousand and One Nights fantastical tradition and the mirabile literature of the Middle Ages, Arabic science fiction, as an essentially modern genre, traces its earliest origins to the late 1950s in Egypt. It has experienced several sudden efflorescences during the following decades in the texts of a handful of authors, most of whom are Egyptian. In the past ten years, following a 2006 seminal essay by Iraqi-German engineer and SF critic Achmed Khammas on “The Almost Complete Lack of the Element of ‘Futureness’”, media and academic interest in Arabic science fiction has burgeoned, with both established (Ahmed Khalid Towfik) and new (Noura Noman) authors publishing in the genre in the past five years. In light of the relative lack of criticism of the Arabic corpus, this thesis seeks to begin the project of conducting a full critical study through a reading of selected texts from the 1960s to the present day, the majority of which have not previously been translated into English. The approach taken is broadly sociological, examining the texts in the light of three themes outlined above – science, ideal societies and the treatment of religion - that frequently frame SF criticism in English.
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Kemp, Stephen. "Reconciling science and society : a critical historicist approach." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22369.
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This thesis criticises a pervasive dualism in the philosophy of social sciences, the division between natural science and society. It argues that analysis which relies on this division misrepresents both natural scientific investigation and other social activities. From a dualistic perspective, those activities that allow a successful interaction with the material world, typically associated with natural science, are held to have a non-social aspect. Their theories (or 'meanings') are said to have a ground outside of the historical development and change which is characteristic of other social practices. It is this ground which is held to explain the progressive character of science. Conversely, those activities that are seen as fully social in character are theorised as if they were not variably successful in the achievement of their goals. As an alternative to this division, a 'critical historicist' approach is developed, drawing on post-positivist philosophy of science. It is argued that all social activities, including scientific investigation, are constituted by meanings, develop historically (rather than having a non-historical foundation), and are variably successful in character. This conception of social activity is then used to criticise existing philosophies of social science for their dualistic approach. Both anti-naturalistic approaches, represented by structuration theory, and naturalistic approaches, represented by realism, are considered. Structuration theory argues that natural science and other social practices are distinct because the latter involve issues of meaning not encountered in the former. This claim is challenged, and it is argued that issues of meaning are the same in natural science and other social activities. Although realism's analysis of social life is inspired by natural scientific investigation, it also distinguishes the properties of the two, suggesting that social activity involves both an 'objective' (scientific) aspect and a 'social' aspect. The thesis argues that this separation leads to analytical incoherence, and an indefensible conception of both 'science' and 'society'. It is suggested that the adoption of a critical historicist approach would remove this incoherence.
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Hallim, Robyn. "Marie Corelli: Science, Society and the Best Seller." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/521.
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Issues which faced Britain in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries include the effects of new scientific theories on traditional religious belief, the impact of technological innovation, the implications of mass literacy and the changing role of women. This thesis records how such issues are reflected in contemporary literature, focusing on the emergence of popular culture and the best seller, a term which conflates author and novel. The first English best seller was Marie Corelli and, by way of introduction, Part I offers a summary of her life and her novels and a critical overview of her work. Part II of the thesis examines how the theory of evolution undermined traditional religious belief and prompted the search for a new creed able to defy materialism and reconcile science and religion. Contemporary literature mirrors the consequent interest in spiritualism during the 1890s and the period immediately following the Great War, and critical readings of Corelli�s A Romance of Two Worlds and The Life Everlasting demonstrate that these novels - which form the nucleus of her personal theology, the Electric Creed - are based on selections from the New Testament, occultism and, in particular, science and spiritualism. Part III of the thesis looks at the emergence of �the woman question�, the corresponding backlash by conservatives and the ways in which these conflicting views are explored in the popular literature of the time. A critical examination of the novella, My Wonderful Wife, reveals how Corelli uses social Darwinism in an ambivalent critique of the New Woman. Several of Corelli�s essays are discussed, showing that her views about the role of women were complex. A critical analysis of The Secret Power engages with Corelli�s peculiar kind of feminism, which would deny women the vote but envisages female scientists inventing and operating airships in order to secure the future of the human race. Interest in Marie Corelli has re-emerged recently, particularly in occult and feminist circles. Corelli�s immense popularity also makes her an important figure in cultural studies. This thesis adds to the body of knowledge about Corelli in that it consciously endeavours to avoid spiritualist or feminist ideological frameworks, instead using contemporary science as a context for examining her work.
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Hallim, Robyn. "Marie Corelli science, society and the best seller /." University of Sydney. English, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/521.
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Issues which faced Britain in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries include the effects of new scientific theories on traditional religious belief, the impact of technological innovation, the implications of mass literacy and the changing role of women. This thesis records how such issues are reflected in contemporary literature, focusing on the emergence of popular culture and the best seller, a term which conflates author and novel. The first English best seller was Marie Corelli and, by way of introduction, Part I offers a summary of her life and her novels and a critical overview of her work. Part II of the thesis examines how the theory of evolution undermined traditional religious belief and prompted the search for a new creed able to defy materialism and reconcile science and religion. Contemporary literature mirrors the consequent interest in spiritualism during the 1890s and the period immediately following the Great War, and critical readings of Corelli�s A Romance of Two Worlds and The Life Everlasting demonstrate that these novels - which form the nucleus of her personal theology, the Electric Creed - are based on selections from the New Testament, occultism and, in particular, science and spiritualism. Part III of the thesis looks at the emergence of �the woman question�, the corresponding backlash by conservatives and the ways in which these conflicting views are explored in the popular literature of the time. A critical examination of the novella, My Wonderful Wife, reveals how Corelli uses social Darwinism in an ambivalent critique of the New Woman. Several of Corelli�s essays are discussed, showing that her views about the role of women were complex. A critical analysis of The Secret Power engages with Corelli�s peculiar kind of feminism, which would deny women the vote but envisages female scientists inventing and operating airships in order to secure the future of the human race. Interest in Marie Corelli has re-emerged recently, particularly in occult and feminist circles. Corelli�s immense popularity also makes her an important figure in cultural studies. This thesis adds to the body of knowledge about Corelli in that it consciously endeavours to avoid spiritualist or feminist ideological frameworks, instead using contemporary science as a context for examining her work.
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Abramsky, R. S. "Lay empowerment in science." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1999. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/33212.
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The thesis examines the nature and effectiveness of the communications system by which information about science reaches those not professionally involved with the subject. The range and diversity of individual engagements with science, has been explored, as have the links between such engagements and people's other non-professional activities and objectives.
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Jolibert, Catherine. "Governance of Biodiversity: Bringing together society, policy and science." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/117448.
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Esta investigación está motivada por dos observaciones. En primer lugar, la constatación de que, a pesar de la multiplicación de directivas, leyes e iniciativas, la biodiversidad continúa disminuyendo. En segundo lugar, el reconocimiento de que la biodiversidad articula consideraciones sociales, políticas y científicas. En este marco, la pérdida de biodiversidad requiere de un análisis teórico en tres dimensiones, teniendo en cuenta las cuestiones sociales y éticas (¿cuál es el valor de la biodiversidad?), políticas (¿cuáles son los mecanismos legítimos para proteger la biodiversidad?) y epistemológicas (¿cómo podemos entender la biodiversidad?). Esta tesis presenta una conceptualización de la biodiversidad teniendo en cuenta estos tres niveles. Se discute cómo podemos mejorar la gobernanza de la biodiversidad desde estas tres perspectivas, poniendo así en relieve las bases sociales, políticas y científicas que la humanidad necesita entender y apoyar si quiere tratar de forma efectiva la cuestión de la protección de la biodiversidad.
Para responder a esta pregunta, he enfocado mi investigación en las interfaces entre los actores clave de la investigación europea en biodiversidad. Adopto un punto de vista normativo según el cual las investigaciones que incluyen a las partes interesadas son por definición más ‘sociales’. En este contexto, los objectivos de esta tesis son: (i) pasar de un enfoque antropocéntrico basado en las necesidades humanas hacia otro más global y ecosistémico, (ii) poner de relieve las perspectivas que reconocen los procesos politicos de gobernanza de abajo a arriba, (iii) avanzar hacia procesos poliédricos y multidireccionales de producción y transferencia de conocimientos, y (iv) convertir las tensiones y desafios relacionados con la investigación intercultural e interdisciplinaria en oportunidades.
Para cumplir estos objetivos, la tesis se apoya en cuatro estudios que valoran críticamente (i) la extensión del Modelo de Desarrollo de Escala Humana hacia lo no-humano como parte del análisis de los conflictos ambientales en el sur de Europa, (ii) dos mecanismos de gobernanza: la participación de los actores no gubernamentales y la producción de escenarios para la planificación ambiental en Europa occidental, (iii) los niveles y formas de involucramiento de los participantes en los proyectos europeos de investigación en biodiversidad (FP6) y el impacto de un enfoque más participativo, y (iv) los retos y oportunidades que surgen cuando nueve estudiantes de Doctorado escriben sus tesis a partir de sus proyectos de investigación interdisciplinarios (GoverNat).
Para mejorar la gobernanza de la biodiversidad, propongo una visión holistica de las necesidades humanas y no humanas, reconociendo el valor intrínseco del mundo de los seres vivos (la dimensión social del concepto de biodiversidad, capítulo 1); fortalecer la vida comunitaria presente y futura promoviendo los procesos de toma de decisión colectivos de abajo a arriba (dimensión política del concepto de biodiversidad, capítulo 2); involucrar y compartir las experiencias de las partes interesadas claves, creando redes locales para la co-construcción de un conocimiento común (dimensión científica del concepto de biodiversidad, capítulo 3); y generar las condiciones para permitir la comunicación interdisciplinaria (capitulo 4).
Esta tesis ofrece argumentos y herramientas para justificar la protección de la biodiversidad en sus dimensiones social, política y científicas, en un contexto interdisciplinario. Tambièn alimenta el debate sobre el diseño de las políticas públicas. A partir de ahora, necesitamos apoyar un enfoque integrador de la gobernanza basado en las necesidades fundamentales y en el cual el público esté involucrado. Esto permetirá una reflexión inclusiva, permanente pero dinámica sobre las propuestas futuras de políticas ambientales.This research is underpinned by two observations: despite man-made directives, laws and initiatives, biodiversity is still shrinking; and the very concept of biodiversity combines societal, political and scientific considerations. The challenge of biodiversity loss therefore requires us to consider a three-layered theoretical framework that contains social and ethical (what are the values of biodiversity?), political (what are the legitimate mechanisms by which biodiversity can be protected?) and epistemological questions (how can we understand biodiversity?). In this thesis I develop this three-layered understanding of biodiversity and of the general issue of how we may best improve biodiversity governance from these three viewpoints in order to highlight the social, political and scientific foundations that humanity must understand and support if it is to address the issue of biodiversity protection in an effective way. To respond to this question, I focus on science-stakeholders interfaces in the field of European biodiversity research. I adopt a normative standpoint in which research that includes stakeholders was by definition more ‘social’, integrating human needs and the impact of human activity as fundamentals that should be considered if we are to meet the environmental challenges of the present and the future. In this context, the objectives of this thesis are (i) to shift from an anthropocentric human needs-based approach to a more global and ecosystemic one, (ii) to highlight perspectives that acknowledge the redistribution of state functions towards non-state, and bottom up environmental governance process, (iii) to shift toward multi-faceted, multi-directional process of knowledge production and transfer, and (iv) to turn the tensions and challenges related to interdisciplinary and intercultural research for sustainable development into opportunities. To reach these objectives, the thesis builds on four case studies that cover a critical assessment of (i) the extension of the Human-scale Development model to non-humans in analysing environmental conflict in South Europe, (ii) two mechanisms of governance: the participation of non-state actors and scenario-building for environmental planning in Western Europe, (iii) the level and modalities of stakeholder engagement in EU-funded FP6 biodiversity research projects and the impact of a more participatory approach, and (iv) the challenges and opportunities that arise when nine PhD students set out to write a doctoral dissertation within an interdisciplinary research project (GoverNat). To improve biodiversity governance, I therefore propose a holistic view of human and non-human needs, recognizing the intrinsic value of the living world (i.e. the social dimension of the concept of biodiversity, chapter 1); strengthen community life present and future, encouraging bottom-to-top collective decision-making (i.e. political dimension of the concept of biodiversity, chapter 2); involve and share experiences of key stakeholders, creating local networks for the co-construction of common knowledge (i.e. scientific dimension of the concept of biodiversity, chapter 3); and enable interdisciplinary communication and networks that require time and patience (chapter 4). This thesis offers arguments and tools to justify the protection of biodiversity in its social, political and scientific dimensions, and therefore also in an interdisciplinary context. It also feeds the debate on sustainable public policy-making. From now on, we need to support an integrative approach to governance in which the public are involved based on fundamental needs. This would enable an inclusive, permanent but dynamic reflexion on future environmental policy proposals.
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Kawana, Y. "John Stuart Mill's projected science of society, 1827-1848." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2009. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/18561/.
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The purpose of the thesis is to examine John Stuart Mill’s political thought from about 1827 to 1848 as an exercise in intellectual history. It focuses, first, on Mill’s view, formulated by the late 1830s, that contemporary society was ‘civilized’, and second, on his project of a science of society, which he aspired to develop in the late 1830s and early 1840s. By the late 1830s, Mill came to the view that his contemporary society was a ‘commercial society or civilization’, dominated by the middle, commercial class. The first part of my thesis, constituted by Chapters 2-4, discusses the way in which Mill formed his notion of civilization, and what he meant by the term ‘civilization’. Mill paid attention to the implications of the rise of the middle class, and regarded such phenomena of contemporary society as the corruption of the commercial spirit and excessive social conformity as an inevitable consequence of the rise of the middle class. The second part of the thesis, constituted by Chapters 5-9, examines Mill’s projected science of society. In the late 1830s and early 1840s, Mill attempted to develop a new science of society whose subject-matter was the nature and prospects of commercial, civilized society. This aspiration culminated in A System of Logic, published in 1843. In examining Mill’s projected science, I pay particular attention to the fact that he conceived new sciences of history and of the formation of character, both of which were indispensable in his project, although he failed to give a complete account of these sciences. My thesis shows that the implications of his interest both in history and in the formation of character are more significant than Mill scholars have assumed.
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Crosswhite, F. S. "Editorial - Trivia, Computers, Research, American Society, and Plant Science." University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/554217.
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Fadhli, Fathi Ali. "The inclusion of science technology society topics in junior high school Earth science textbooks /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9999279.
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Lazarevic, David. "Life Cycle Thinking and Waste Policy : Between Science and Society." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-105781.
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This study investigates the application of life cycle thinking (LCT) and life cycle assessment (LCA) in the field of waste management from perspectives based in the social sciences. LCT is explored through the theoretical construct of regimes, drawing theoretical resources from a combination of the ‘pragmatic turn’, the economics of conventions and transition theory.This work is based on eight papers treating theoretical arguments, qualitative and quantitative analysis, case studies and semi-structured interview data. LCT is placed in the context of contemporary societies. LCA is seen as an instrument of quantification and evaluation used by actors which have both similar and disparate objectives, and who offer justifications for its use through arguments embedded in conflicting pluralities of worth. Furthermore, this work analyses LCA as a tool for the qualification of the waste hierarchy; a waste management principle articulating a convention based on closed material cycles. This study argues that the technological trajectory of waste management regimes has been significantly influenced, inter alia, by actors’ institutional articulation of the waste hierarchy at national and territorial levels. It discusses the legitimacy of LCA, and the quantitative application of LCT, as an intermediary object used to qualify the waste hierarchy. Furthermore, LCT is placed in a prospective context which may be used to assist in the transition toward sustainable waste management.QC 20121127
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Shi, Yvonne Yuk-hang. "Science-technology-society education for primary pupils of Hong Kong." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267061.
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Lazarevic, David Andrew. "Life cycle thinking and waste policy : between science and society." Troyes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TROY0037.
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Ce travail se penche sur les atouts et limites de la mise en oeuvre des principes du cycle de vie (LCT) et de l'analyse du cycle de vie (ACV) dans le domaine de la gestion des déchets à partir de perspectives propres aux sciences sociales. La LCT est explorée à travers la construction théorique des régimes conventionnels, s’appuyant sur un travail d’interface entre sociologie pragmatique et théorie de la perspective multi-niveaux des systèmes d'innovation. La LCT est analysée dans le contexte des sociétés contemporaines. La LCT et son pendant technique, l’ACV, sont représentés comme des instruments de quantification et d'évaluation utilisés par des acteurs dotés d’objectifs à la fois semblables et disparates. L’ACV devient alors un instrument de justification utilisé par des acteurs en univers controversé, dans la tentative d’objectiver les choix collectifs dans un sens favorable à leurs intérêts. En ce sens, cette thèse analyse l’ACV en tant qu’outil de qualification du principe de hiérarchisation du traitement des déchets, un principe en phase avec le principe conventionnel du bouclage des flux de matières. Nous faisons valoir que la trajectoire technologique des régimes nationaux de gestion des déchets en Europe est fortement influencée, inter alia, par les arrangements institutionnels entre acteurs à différentes échelles territoriales. Nous discutons de la légitimité de l’ACV en tant qu’objet intermédiaire utilisé pour qualifier la hiérarchie des modes de traitement des déchetsThis study investigates the application of life cycle thinking (LCT) and life cycle assessment (LCA) in the field of waste management from perspectives based in the social sciences. LCT is explored through the theoretical construct of regimes, where theoretical resources drawn from the combination of the ‘pragmatic turn’ and the multi- level perspective of system innovation. This work is based on seven papers treating theoretical arguments, qualitative and quantitative analysis, case studies and semi-structured interview data. LCT is placed in the context of contemporary societies. LCT and LCA are seen as instruments of quantification and evaluation used by actors which have both similar and disparate objectives, and who offer justifications for its use through arguments embedded in conflicting pluralities of worth. Furthermore, this work analyses LCA as a tool for the qualification of the waste hierarchy; a waste management principle articulating the convention of closed material cycle economies. This study argues that the technological trajectory of waste management regimes has been significantly influenced, inter alia, by actors’ institutional articulation of the waste hierarchy at national and territorial levels. It discusses the legitimacy of the quantitative application LCT and LCA as intermediary objects used to qualify the waste hierarchy. Furthermore, LCT is placed in a prospective context which may be used to assist in the transition toward sustainable waste management
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Harker, David. "Creating Scientific Controversies: Uncertainty and Bias in Science and Society." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. http://amzn.com/1107692369.
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For decades, cigarette companies helped to promote the impression that there was no scientific consensus concerning the safety of their product. The appearance of controversy, however, was misleading, designed to confuse the public and to protect industry interests. Created scientific controversies emerge when expert communities are in broad agreement but the public perception is one of profound scientific uncertainty and doubt. In the first book-length analysis of the concept of a created scientific controversy, David Harker explores issues including climate change, Creation science, the anti-vaccine movement and genetically modified crops. Drawing on work in cognitive psychology, social epistemology, critical thinking and philosophy of science, he shows readers how to better understand, evaluate, and respond to the appearance of scientific controversy. His book will be a valuable resource for students of philosophy of science, environmental and health sciences, and social and natural sciences.https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu_books/1017/thumbnail.jpg
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Olmos, Peñuela Julia. "Science-Society interactions in the social sciences and humanities:empirical studies of the Spanish Council for Scientific Research." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/31653.
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Las interacciones entre los agentes del sistema de innovación son una pieza clave para
el fomento del intercambio de conocimiento, los procesos de aprendizaje y el proceso
innovador. El análisis de las interacciones entre universidades y organismos públicos de
investigación (ciencia) y los agentes del entorno social (sociedad) ha recibido una gran
atención en la comunidad científica, entre otras razones, porque los resultados de estas
interacciones pueden tener implicaciones en el diseño de las políticas de ciencia e
innovación y en la gestión de la organización.
En esta tesis se analizan las interacciones entre los investigadores del área de ciencias
sociales y humanidades (CCSSHH) y los agentes sociales, dado que es un colectivo que
ha sido escasamente estudiado desde esta perspectiva y presenta características
específicas respecto a otros ámbitos científicos. Los tres estudios que componen la tesis
abordan aspectos diferentes del tema objeto de estudio y se basan en datos empíricos
obtenidos mediante encuestas y entrevistas realizadas en el Consejo Superior de
Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC).
El primer estudio pretende averiguar si la utilidad del conocimiento producido en las
CCSSHH es menor que en las STEM (acrónimo inglés para ciencia, tecnología, ingeniería
y matemáticas), tal como los enfoques de las políticas científicas al uso parecen
presuponer al establecer medidas basadas en indicadores difíciles de aplicar a este
colectivo (licencias de patentes, contratos de I+D con empresas, creación de spin off). El
análisis empírico realizado muestra que los resultados de las investigaciones en
CCSSHH no son menos útiles que los de las STEM porque, en ambos casos, hay agentes
sociales interesados en ellos. Sin embargo, se aprecia que el tipo de mecanismo de
colaboración varía entre áreas del conocimiento, al igual que el tipo de agente social con
el cual los investigadores interactúan. Las empresas predominan entre los agentes
sociales con los cuales colaboran los investigadores de las STEM mientras que los de CCSSHH colaboran con un grupo más variado de agentes sociales (i.e. administraciones,
organizaciones no gubernamentales, etc.).
El segundo estudio explora en qué medida los grupos de investigación del área de
CCSSHH se relacionan con una variedad de agentes sociales mediante cauces no
formalizados. Para ello, se realizan dos análisis complementarios (cuantitativo y
cualitativo). Los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto que la mayoría de las
relaciones no se formalizan institucionalmente, lo cual significa que la institución no las
identifica, registra o valora. Sin embargo, la participación en este tipo de colaboraciones
informales, que no tienen necesariamente una contrapartida económica, resulta
atractiva por su coste relativamente bajo (en términos económicos y de tiempo), por la
ausencia de condiciones restrictivas (p. ej. derechos de propiedad, confidencialidad) y
por la existencia de beneficios intangibles para el investigador.
El tercer estudio analiza en qué medida los grupos de investigación de CCSSHH
interactúan con su entorno mediante diferentes actividades de transferencia de
conocimiento (TC) ¿consultoría, investigación contratada, investigación conjunta,
actividades de formación e intercambio de personal¿ e identifica los determinantes de
cada una de ellas. Los resultados indican que las actividades de TC más frecuentes son la
consultoría y la investigación contratada, mientras que el intercambio de personal
representa una actividad marginal entre las analizadas. El estudio de los factores que
determinan la participación en estas actividades de TC muestra que considerar el
potencial uso social de los resultados desde el principio aumenta la participación de los
grupos de investigación en todas las actividades de TC analizadas.
En conjunto, los tres estudios permiten concluir que la investigación en CCSSHH
produce conocimiento y resultados que son de interés para la sociedad. Sin embargo, se
diferencian de otras áreas científicas en los mecanismos de interacción predominantes y
en la variedad de agentes sociales con los que interactúan. Estas conclusiones pueden
tener utilidad práctica para el diseño de políticas destinadas a fomentar el amplio
conjunto de interacciones identificadas, para la mejora de las prácticas de gestión y para
tratar de evaluar las citadas interacciones mediante indicadores capaces de recoger el
amplio espectro de mecanismos identificados en esta tesis.Interactions among agents in the innovation system are critical for the promotion of knowledge exchange, learning processes and the innovation process. The analysis of interactions between universities or public research organisations (science) and social agents (society) has received great attention in the scientific community because, among other reasons, the results of these interactions can have implications for the design of science and innovation policies and organisation management. This thesis analyses the interactions between researchers in the social sciences and humanities (SSH) and social agents. The SSH community is a collective that has been little studied from this perspective and presents particular characteristics as compared to other scientific fields. The three studies included in the thesis address different aspects of the topic and are based on empirical data obtained through surveys and interviews conducted in the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC). The first study explores whether the knowledge produced by the SSH is less useful than that produced in STEM fields (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics), as science policy seems to presume when establishing measures based on indicators (patent licenses, R&D contracts with companies, creating spin off) that are difficult to apply to the SSH community. The empirical analysis shows that SSH research outputs are no less useful than those from STEM because, in both cases, there are social agents interested in them. However, the preferred type of collaborative mechanism varies across fields, as does the type of agent with whom researchers interact. Firms are the prevailing type of agent collaborating with STEM researchers whilst SSH researchers collaborate with a varied group of social agents (i.e. government, NGOs, etc.). The second study explores the extent to which SSH research groups engage with a variety of social agents through non¿formalized collaborations. To do this, two complementary analyses (quantitative and qualitative) are conducted. Results show that most of the collaborations are not institutionally formalized, which means that the research organisation does not identify, record or value them. However, engagement in these informal collaborations, that do not necessarily have an economic counterpart, are attractive due to the relatively low cost (in time and economic terms) of many such activities, the absence of restrictive conditions (e.g. IPR, confidentiality) and other intangible benefits accruing to the researcher. The third study examines the extent to which SSH research groups interact with social agents through different knowledge transfer (KT) activities ¿consultancy, contract research, joint research, training and personnel mobility¿ and identifies the determinants of each. Results show that the most frequent KT activities are consultancy and contract research, while personnel exchange is a marginal activity among those analysed. The study of the factors determining the engagement in these activities shows that consideration of the social uses of the research outputs from the beginning enhances research groups¿ engagement in all the knowledge transfer activities analysed. Overall, the three studies support the conclusion that SSH research produces knowledge and outputs that are of interest to society. However, differences from other scientific fields are found in terms of the prevalent type of interaction mechanisms used and the variety of social agents with whom interactions are established. These findings may have practical utility for the design of policies aimed at encouraging and enhancing the range of interactions, for improving managerial practices and for the assessment of these interactions through indicators able to capture the type of interactions identified in this thesis.
Olmos Peñuela, J. (2013). Science-Society interactions in the social sciences and humanities:empirical studies of the Spanish Council for Scientific Research [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/31653
TESIS
Premiado
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Jasper, William Gordon. "Detecting biology teachers' images of teaching about science, technology, and society /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0002/MQ34964.pdf.
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Wickstrom, Craig M. "A Post-Critical Science of Administration: Toward a Society of Explorers." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1513694390316079.
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Galbraith, Sarah Marie. "Utiles et Necessarias : Early Modern Science and the Society of Jesus." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/24895.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis treats of the contributions made by the Society of Jesus to Early Modern science, amidst the complexities of the post Reformation, post Copernican era. Its focus is the life and work of the Jesuit Christopher Clavius (1538-1612), the architect and founder of a mathematics academy at the Collegio Romano. Using extant correspondence, pamphlet, prefatory dedications and commentaries, I show that Clavius created a strategy to recruit and train Jesuit priests in mathematics to be exported throughout Europe and to remote missionary outposts. As a specially trained corps of priest mathematicians, the Jesuits used the truths of mathematics and the mathematical sciences to draw potential converts to the truths of faith and religious conversion. The approach was initially successful. As the scientific and religious culture shifted in the sixteenth century, however, reliance upon traditional sources of authority, knowledge and belief came under scrutiny. As priests and mathematicians who were invested in both sacred and secular realms, members of the Society struggled to adhere to the tenets of traditional natural philosophy and to promote the new sciences, for the purposes of religious conversion. The approach that substituted the truths of mathematics for the truths of dogmatic faith was intended to engender confidence. Instead it eroded their credibility, resulting in suspicion and rejection of the missionaries and their Christian faith.
25
White, Avery F. "An Open Society: Robert Nozick’s Utopian Project." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1565805139549975.
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Govett, A., and Alison L. Barton. "Bringing Science of Mind to [Science] Educators: Mindfulness in the Science Classroom." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3425.
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McIlwaine, Stephen John. "Science, journalism and society : overcoming the "red shift" in the 21st century /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18569.pdf.
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Emiroglu, Sinem. "Information Society: National Science And Technology Policies In Turkey And South Korea." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614980/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis emphasizes the role of being an information society in countries&rsquodevelopment perspective
furthermore aims to study the economic, social and structural dimensions of information society related policies with the case studies of Turkey and South Korea. Although in 1950s Turkey and South Korea had similar characteristics in terms of basic economic and social indicators, Turkey has lagged behind in South Korea in terms of development perspective and information society parameters. In addition, information society levels of Turkey and South Korea are measured and compared by ICT development index. Information society policies of South Korea and Turkey are analyzed in the scope of national science and technology policies separately. In theoretical perspective, transforming to information society is analyzed on the basis of &ldquo
Deployment policies in the field of ICT&rdquo
and &ldquo
Two models of network policy formation&rdquo
. The findings of the study indicate that, although hegemonic ruler organizations determine science and technology and transforming to information society related policies, government should not apply these policies without considering their internal dynamics. These policies should be re-evaluated and modified in the scope of national advantages and priorities. In addition, this study aims to indicate the importance of the role of science and technology policies on being an information society for 21st century.
29
Taylor, Kenneth. "Genetic science in the risk society : contrasting responses of government and public." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.432581.
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Rogers, Juan D. "Implementation of a national information infrastructure : science and the building of society /." Diss., This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09062007-142652/.
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Judson, Tracey F. "Civil society, second society and the breakdown of Communist regimes in Central and Eastern Europe : Poland, Czechoslovakia and Romania." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1999. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/33163.
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This thesis proceeds from the premise that the demise of the Communist systems of rule in Eastern Europe is not fully explicable using ''traditional" theories of transition or democratisation. This thesis is, therefore, concerned initially with the limitations of existing theoretical frameworks. It proposes a line of enquiry that accounts for the breakdown of Communism through an analysis of a domestic variable: second society. In particular, it addresses the question of why the former European Communist regimes experienced differing modes of breakdown in 1989. The thesis adopts a comparative approach and focuses on the three different cases of Poland, Czechoslovakia and Romania. By comparing them, it analyses the extent to which variations in the modes of breakdown can be explained by the second society variable. The case studies are divided into three sections. The first considers the historical issues and factors that conditioned the nature of the Communist regime and of emerging opposition. The second analyses the development of second society within each country and the third section considers the impact of second society on the mode of regime breakdown in 1989. The thesis concludes that the case studies , demonstrate a causal relationship between the second society variable and the mode of breakdown experienced by the Communist regimes.
32
Rossi, Michael Paul Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "The rules of perception : American color science, 1831-1931." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69452.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D. in History, Anthropology, and Science, Technology and Society (HASTS))--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Science, Technology and Society, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 365-389).
Although vision was seldom studied in Antebellum America, color and color perception became a critical field of scientific inquiry in the United States during the Gilded Age and progressive era. Through a historical investigation of color science in the United States in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, I argue that attempts to scientifically measure, define, and regulate color were part of a wider program to construct a more rational, harmonious, and efficient American polity starting from one of the very baseline perceptual components of reality - the experience of color. As part of this program, I argue secondly that color science was as much a matter of prescription as description - that is, color scientists didn't simply endeavor to reveal the facts of perception and apply them to social problems, they wanted to train everyday citizens to see scientifically, and thereby create citizens whose eyes, bodies, and minds were both medically healthy and morally tuned to the needs of the modern American nation. Finally, I argue not simply that perception has a history - i.e. that perceptual practices change over time, and that, for Americans of a century ago, experiences of color sensations were not taken as given but had to be laboriously crafted - but also that this history weighs heavily upon our present day understanding of visual reality, as manifested not least of all in scientific studies of vision, language, and cognition. Employing a close reading of the archival and published sources of a range of actors including physicist Ogden Rood, semiotician Charles Peirce, logician Christine Ladd-Franklin, board game magnate Milton Bradley, and art professor Alfred Munsell, among others, this study reveals the origins of some of the most deeply-rooted conceptions of color in modern American culture.
by Michael Paul Rossi.
Ph.D.in History, Anthropology, and Science, Technology and Society (HASTS
33
Thornton, Timothy John. "Political society in early Tudor Cheshire 1480-1560." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359719.
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Hassan, Qais Mahmoud. "A multilayered agent society for flexible image processing." Thesis, University of Hull, 2008. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:1688.
Full textAbstract:
Medical imaging is revolutionising the practise of medicine, and it is becoming an indispensable tool for several important tasks, such as, the inspection of internal structures, radiotherapy planning and surgical simulation. However, accurate and efficient segmentation and labelling of anatomical structures is still a major obstacle to computerised medical image analysis. Hundreds of image segmentation algorithms have been proposed in the literature, yet most of these algorithms are either derivatives of low-level algorithms or created in an ad-hoc manner in order to solve a particular segmentation problem. This research proposes the Agent Society for Image Processing (ASIP), which is an intelligent customisable framework for image segmentation motivated by active contours and MultiAgent systems. ASIP is presented in a hierarchical manner as a multilayer system consisting of several high-level agents (layers). The bottom layers contain a society of rational reactive MicroAgents that adapt their behaviour according to changes in the world combined with their knowledge about the environment. On top of these layers are the knowledge and shape agents responsible for creating the artificial environment and setting up the logical rules and restrictions for the MicroAgents. At the top layer is the cognitive agent, in charge of plan handling and user interaction. The framework as a whole is comparable to an enhanced active contour model (body) with a higher intelligent force (mind) initialising and controlling the active contour. The ASIP framework was customised for the automatic segmentation of the Left Ventricle (LV) from a 4D MRI dataset. Although no pre-computed knowledge were utilised in the LV segmentation, good results were obtained from segmenting several patients' datasets. The output of the segmentation were compared with several snake based algorithms and evaluated against manually segmented "reference images" using various empirical discrepancy measurements.
35
Giustozzi, Antonio. "War, politics and society in Afghanistan 1978-1992." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265765.
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Goodare, Jennifer. "Representing science in a divided world : the Royal Society and Cold War Britain." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/representing-science-in-a-divided-world-the-royal-society-and-cold-war-britain(3b43e9ec-765b-4944-b9b3-ea0284fc7d66).html.
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This thesis shows that despite the rhetoric of universalism and internationalism used by the Royal Society, especially after the onset of Cold War, its policies and actions in the period 1945-75 remained closely allied to the interests of the British state. More specifically, in its foreign relations the Society mainly operated within a network of Western intergovernmental organisations that were a response to, and operated in similar ways, to Eastern Bloc organisations. While financially dependent on a Parliamentary grant-in-aid, they effectively carved out a role in the sphere of international scientific relations which was built upon an image of independence from the state. Thus, Society Officers and staff were able to mobilise a double-sided discourse of utility to, and independence from, the state. The association between the government of the day and the Society was at its most effective when a consensus existed between like-minded government administrators and Officers of the Society. A culture of collaboration and informal networks allowed them to build relationships and share ideas. The Society was perfectly designed to facilitate this culture, as its Fellows permeated government networks as individuals as much as they did as direct representatives of the Society. The status of Fellows conferred on them eligibility for a variety of positions, both formal and informal, within the elite infrastructure of national life. The thesis also shows that party political and ideological motivations often prefaced associations between Fellows and like-minded politicians or civil servants, but these associations were principally between economic liberals to the exclusion of far left scientists. However, the Society’s connections with the government were also motivated by reasons beyond party politics. The Society had an overarching aim to preserve the United Kingdom’s position as a scientific ‘Mecca’. In the shifting post-war landscape, in which the country became more dependent on outside help and conscious of its relative decline in economic and political power, the Society looked beyond national borders to stay in the competition. The thesis shows that Officers of the Society responded creatively to the changing geopolitical landscape as old spheres of influence waned, such as the Empire-Commonwealth, and new ones opened up, such as the European Community and the special relationship with America. The Society pursued these new opportunities with patriotic ambition, often prioritising relations that promised scientific rather than political gains, but always within a Western framework.
37
Orjuela, Luis Javier. "Columbian society in the 1990s : fragmentation, legitimacy, and efficiency." FIU Digital Commons, 2003. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2638.
Full textAbstract:
During the nineties, Colombia experienced a two-fold process of restructuring. First, the political system underwent a process of constitutional reform in order to strengthen the state and increase its legitimacy, surpass the exclusionary character of the political regime, and achieve greater equity in the distribution of social resources. Second, the economy made the transition from a Keynesian development strategy to a strategy of "opening" or liberalization and internationalization of the economy, in order to increase the economic efficiency by reducing the “size” of the state and its regulatory role. The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze the interplay and contradictions of economic and political factors in the restructuring of the Colombian politico-economic system.
The main finding of this dissertation is that the simultaneous adoption of a neoliberal economic strategy and of the Political Constitution of 1991, have had a contradictory relationship: while the “political opening” has produced favorable conditions for fostering programs of democratization and social integration, the “economic opening” has counteracted that possibility given that it implies a social exclusionary process. This tension has aggravated the problems o f political and social integration that have traditionally characterized Colombian society.
This crucial tension has also been characteristic o f Latin America in the nineties. However, it has been neglected and undertheorized in most of the democratization studies of American comparative politics. Most of them lack consideration of structural aspects. According to those studies, the cause of regime change is determined by the strategic elections of actors. Contrary to these approaches, I develop a structural perspective. I consider that social phenomena are partly determined by structural factors, and scientific research should, assign them decisive importance, since a fundamental basis for social action and transformation is to be found in the dynamics o f relationships between individuals and structures and the development of contradictions within structures.
38
Baldursson, Eirikur. "The elusive frontier : on the emergence and change of a science-society contact /." Göteborg : Dept. of Theory of Science and Research, 1995. http://www.gbv.de/dms/goettingen/221641823.pdf.
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Ross, Charlotte. "Representations of science, literature, technology and society in the works of Primo Levi." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2004. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/1220/.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis tackles two main issues. Part I explores Levi's engagements with the `two cultures' debate concerning the relationship between literature and `science' in postwar culture. Building on existing scholarship, I provide a more comprehensive view of his project to combat the two cultures divide. I contextualize the literature-science debate in Anglophone and Italophone culture, and then investigate dialogues between Levi and his contemporaries (for example, the writer Italo Calvino; the physicist Tullio Regge). Among other theoretical frameworks, I draw on critical approaches to the literature-science relationship and Bahktinian dialogics. Part II analyzes Levi's portrayals and critiques of science and technology as they impact on human life and freedoms, especially his problematizations of relationships between humans and machines in a post-industrial society. This aspect of Levi's work, particularly his representations of bodies and embodiment in a technologized age, has received little critical attention to date. I evaluate Levi's engagements with such issues, focussing also on gender dynamics in his writing about technologically-mediated embodiment. Given the absence of sustained Italophone critical reflection on these questions, I analyze Levi's work in light of recent Anglopone theorizing on posthumanism. I also refer to psychoanalytic approaches to the self. Considering Levi's approach to a series of perceived cultural dialectics-the relationships between science and literature, science and society, human subjects and machines-I argue that his work is characterized by contradiction. He asserts the need to break down cultural and disciplinary boundaries while simultaneously revealing his personal tendency to conceptualize literary and scientific activities, for example, as distinct practices. I conclude that by embracing such contradictions his work highlights areas of difficulty, and, without attempting to offer falsely universal solutions, reminds us of our capacity to maintain-or reclaim-corporeal and epistemological sovereignty of ourselves and our society.
40
MacGuire, Frances. "Bridging science and society in the debate over high temperature incineration of PCBs." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321002.
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Okusu, Haruko. "Rethinking science and society : risk assessment of agricultural modern biotechnology for developing countries." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434539.
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Fyfe, Aileen Kennedy. "Industrialised conversion : the Religious Tract Society and popular science publishing in Victorian Britain." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/270409.
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Baldursson, Eirikur. "The elusive frontier : on the emergence and change of a science-society contract /." Göteborg : Göteborg university, Department of theory of science and research, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb369720162.
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Wong, Kai-shung. "Evaluating teaching units on science issues in society a case study in sixth form curriculum /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1988. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B38627036.
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Kuyurtar, Erol. "Multicultural citizenship in a liberal society." Thesis, University of Hull, 2002. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:7020.
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Gleason, Mary Louise. "The Royal Society of London years of reform, 1827-1847 /." New York : Garland, 1991. http://books.google.com/books?id=_rHaAAAAMAAJ.
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Nash, Sarah. "Social diversity and democratic society: A study of policing." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9264.
Full textAbstract:
The area of police reform provides an avenue for examining social diversity and the democratic functioning of society. A review of primary and secondary documents on public policing and a case study on policing in Toronto highlight the challenges of diversity for police practitioners in liberal democratic society. The study assesses the new reform movement in policing in light of philosopher Iris Young's theory of citizenship. Congruence between the defining features of community policing and the culturally pluralist ideal espoused by Young highlights the potential of police reform in diverse society.
48
Makki, Nidaa. "A naturalistic inquiry into preservice teachers' experiences with science, technology, and society (STS) curricular approaches." [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1216645974.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Kent State University, 2008.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Oct. 29, 2009). Advisor: Wendy Sherman Heckler. Keywords: Science-Technology-Society; STS; Pre-service Science Teachers; Socio-scientific Issues; Science and Society. Includes bibliographical references (p. 209-224).
49
Stokes, Christopher Anthony. "Information societies in formation : making information-society strategies." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322863.
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Kelkar, Shreeharsh. "Platformizing higher education : computer science and the making of MOOC infrastructures." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107312.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: Ph. D. in History, Anthropology, and Science, Technology and Society (HASTS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Science, Technology and Society, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 211-223).
This dissertation investigates the role of software in institutional transformation using the example of Massive Open Online Courses or MOOCs. It ethnographically tracks the development of the software infrastructure being built for MOOCs, focusing on three communities-programmers, instructors, and researchers-who centrally participate in the MOOC start-ups' stated mission of reinventing higher education. It argues that MOOC infrastructures are best viewed as an example of a heterogeneous software assemblage that I call the "software-as-platform," that is today being widely deployed and used in a number of industries and institutions. The software-as-platform consists primarily of software that holds together a variety of normative logics: open-endedness; fast, iterative, production processes; data-driven decision-making; governance for emergent effects; scalability; and personalization. Of these, the most important is that its creators give to it an open-endedness as to its ultimate purpose: thus, the assemblage is often framed using the language of "tools" or "platform." I then argue that the software-as-platform is a vehicle through which the norms and practices of Silicon Valley are making their way into other institutions, a process I call "platformization." Finally, I suggest that the software-as-platform enables the emergence of a new form of expertise: tool-making. Tool-makers see themselves as building software tools, whose ultimate purpose comes from their users. The tools themselves draw on many other kinds of expert knowledge chosen at the discretion of the tool-builders. The dissertation consists of four chapters bookended by an Introduction and a Conclusion. Chapter 2 is an analysis of the public discourse around MOOCs. Chapter 3 describes MOOC infrastructures, showing how a cluster of institutions, software, and people are organized to produce the plethora of courses as well knowledge about education. Chapter 4 tells the story about how edX, a MOOC start-up, turned itself from an educational organization into a software organization by deploying the software-as-platform, thereby transforming and displacing particular institutional roles. In Chapter 5, I analyze the practices of a rising class of tool-makers, computer scientists, and describe how they are able to draw on other kinds of expertise, and intervene in new domains, while still presenting themselves as neutral system-builders.
by Shreeharsh Kelkar.
Ph. D. in History, Anthropology, and Science, Technology and Society (HASTS)