Journal articles on the topic 'Science fiction Illustrations'
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1
Smith, Greg. "Fiction in Goffman." Sociological Review 70, no. 4 (July 2022): 711–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00380261221109029.
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There are no references to creative fiction in Erving Goffman’s founding statement of his sociology of the interaction order, his 1953 Chicago doctoral dissertation ( Communication Conduct in an Island Community). Yet four pages into his first and best-known book, The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life (1959), Goffman cites a ‘novelistic incident’ describing the posturing of Preedy, a ‘vacationing Englishman’ on a Spanish beach. It is introduced in order to articulate the distinction between ‘expressions given’ and ‘expressions given off’ and to indicate their capacity for intentional or unintentional engineering. The page-long passage about Preedy, found in a 1956 collection of William Sansom’s short stories, is often mentioned in reviews and summaries of Goffman’s groundbreaking book. This article describes the types of fiction drawn upon by Goffman and examines the ‘work’ that fictional illustrations distinctively do in his writings. The discussion sheds light not only on why Goffman elected to include fictional illustrative materials in his sociology and why eventually he dropped their use, it also underscores some strengths and limits of the fictional for interactional analysis in sociology.
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Lagrange, Pierre. "Pour une analyse symétrique des illustrations de science et de science-fiction." Socio, no. 13 (December 12, 2019): 103–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/socio.7783.
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Kotišová, Johana. "Creative Nonfiction in Social Science: Towards More Engaging and Engaged Research." Teorie vědy / Theory of Science 41, no. 2 (February 24, 2020): 283–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.46938/tv.2019.487.
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The paper aims at identifying, explaining and illustrating the affordances of “creative nonfiction” as a style of writing social science. The first part introduces creative nonfiction as a method of writing which brings together empirical material and fiction. In the second part, based on illustrations from my ethnographic research of European “crisis reporters,” written in the form of a novel about a fictional journalist, but also based on a review of existing social science research that employs a creative method of writing, I identify several main affordances of creative nonfiction in social-scientific research. In particular, I argue that creative nonfiction allows scientists to illustrate their findings, to express them in an allegorical way, to organize data into a narrative, to let their pieces of research act in the social world, and to permeate research accounts with self-reflexive moments. I also discuss some apparent negative affordances: challenges that creative nonfiction poses to readers and to the institutionalized academic discourse. Finally, I suggest that writing about sociological problems in the style of creative nonfiction can help to produce more engaging and engaged texts, and I discuss the ethical implications of the approach.
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Stoneman, Lisa G., DorothyBelle Poli, Anna Denisch, Lydia Weltmann, and Melanie Almeder. "Book Publication as Pedagogy: Taking Learning Deep and Wide." Art/Research International: A Transdisciplinary Journal 4, no. 2 (August 30, 2019): 568–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18432/ari29446.
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For students, the practice of writing, illustrating, and publishing facilitates deep learning experiences, both within and beyond the discipline for which the writing is targeted. In this case study, students created books under the umbrella of a large, transdisciplinary research project: a science-based, illustrated activity book, a children’s fiction chapter book with illustrations, an adolescent novel, and two illustrated social studies activity books. Students completed the self-directed research, wrote the narratives, created the artwork, sought the advice of outside scholars and artists, and revised with discipline-specific mentors. Data include the books, mentor notes, and student-reported learning outcomes. Data reveal broad content and pedagogical skill knowledge acquisition, knowledge synthesis, and a deep level of self-authorship.
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Awajan, Nasaybah, and Hussein Al-Omari. "The Role of Illustrations in Following Along with the Events in Fiction." Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 11, no. 2 (March 5, 2022): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2022-0054.
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The study explores the effect of using illustrations with written narratives in short stories on the readers who are following along with the events and linking these events together. The study also explores the impact of applying critical thinking skills in using illustrations with the written narrative on readers who are following along with the events of the short story and linking them together. A mixed method was used to answer the questions and obtain the results. The quantitative method was used, where a study sample consisting of 35 students who were asked to submit an exam twice. The first time the exam contained only the written text. However, the second exam contained both the written text and the illustrations from a book. The qualitative method was applied on the same sample of students, where they were interviewed and asked whether the illustrations helped them in answering the questions on the written narrative. Next, they were asked specifically about the six questions which were based on the students’ use of their critical thinking skills in linking the provided illustrations with the written narrative. The study concluded by presenting how illustrations have a great effect on the students’ following along with the events and understating the main ideas in the narrative story. The results also show that the written text cannot always stand alone, and especially when it comes to young readers because they still lack the experience and the ability to be able to understand things on their own.
Received: 30 November 2021 / Accepted: 3 February 2022 / Published: 5 March 2022
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Smith, Susan. "Rehabilitating the mind: Avatar (2009), Inception (2010) and the science fiction imagining of lucid dreaming in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder in the U.S. military." Transcultural Psychiatry 57, no. 6 (February 25, 2020): 801–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363461520901638.
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Transcultural psychiatry has increased awareness of alternative approaches to mental health and wellbeing, influencing developments in Western psychotherapeutic treatments. In this article, I look at the recent interest in alternative therapies by the U.S. military, which has explored the possibilities of lucid dreaming in order to help soldiers cope with the adverse mental and emotional effects of combat—commonly referred to as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In this context of concerns about effective rehabilitation and the cost of veteran care, I examine the popular science fiction films Avatar and Inception, which have been discussed in the media as illustrations of the potential use of lucid dreaming and digitally created virtual worlds to “heal” the minds of soldiers affected by modern warfare. In these media portrayals, psychology and science fiction come together to envision and promote human-machine fantasies of the endlessly salvageable and, therefore ultimately, invincible American soldier.
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Fedotova, Olga, and Vladimir Latun. "Deconstructive approach in the presentation of botanical knowledge in educational materials for students." E3S Web of Conferences 273 (2021): 12020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127312020.
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The article discusses the latest trends in the field of presentation of natural science information for students, which have developed in the postmodern era. It is shown that botanical illustrations presented in postmodern alphabets do not reflect the morphological features of plants. When depicting plants, the author uses the technique of deconstructing images presented in ancient botanical atlases. Fragments of botanical illustrations are placed against the background of everyday scenes of the 19th century, including those of a fantasy nature. The structural components of the botanical educational book, its content and ironic author's comments are considered. The description of plants is pseudo-academic: the texts are surreal, they combine fiction and truth, fantasy and the specifics of the action. It is concluded that the irony of the comments does not contribute to the formation of the foundations of the natural science worldview.
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Fey, Marco, Annika E. Poppe, and Carsten Rauch. "The nuclear taboo,Battlestar Galactica, and the real world: Illustrations from a science-fiction universe." Security Dialogue 47, no. 4 (July 8, 2016): 348–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967010616643212.
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Vasilyeva, Viktoriya Vasilyevna. "Utopia of space in the book graphics by Francisco Infante." Человек и культура, no. 1 (January 2022): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8744.2022.1.37472.
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The subject of this research is the book illustration by F. Infante in comparison with his graphics and easel works. The object of this research is the image of space in the book illustration by Francisco Infante. The research employs the popular science and science fiction publications illustrated by Francisco Infante, as well as his graphics and painting. The article examines the specificity and uniqueness of the image of space in the artist’s works. Attention is given to comprehensive comparison of this image in the book illustration with the more extensive context F. Infante’s works. Based on the example of book graphics and analysis of theoretical concepts of F. Infante, the article aims to reveal the distinctness of his representations of space from the perspective of the utopia of relations between man and the Universe, as well as to determine how illustrations on this topic fit into the general context of the works of the artist. The main conclusion lies in description of the unique approach of F. Infante towards the indicated topic. The artist referred to the main motifs from his graphics and easel painting; however, modified them according to the specificity of plotline of the illustrated publication. Special attention is paid to the artist's preferred shapes: spiral and dot, with allowed reflecting the idea of the infinite space. The novelty of this article consists in reference to the material that has not yet been used for comprehensive scientific work in the field of art history. The author is first to introduce into the scientific context the book illustration by Francisco Infante on the space theme.
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Searle, Adam. "Anabiosis and the Liminal Geographies of De/extinction." Environmental Humanities 12, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 321–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/22011919-8142385.
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Abstract The spectacle of de-extinction is often forward facing at the interface of science fiction and speculative fact, haunted by extinction’s pasts. Missing from this discourse, however, is a robust theorization of de-extinction in the present. This article presents recent developments in the emergent fields of resurrection biology and liminality to conceptualize the anabiotic (not living nor dead) state of de/extinction. Through two stories, this article explores the epistemological perturbation caused by the suspended animation of genetic material. Contrasting the genomic stories of the bucardo, a now extinct subspecies of Iberian ibex whose genome was preserved before the turn of the millennium, and the woolly mammoth, whose genome is still a work in progress, the author poses questions concerning the existential authenticity of this genomic anabiosis. They serve as archetypal illustrations of salvaged and synthesized anabiotic creatures. De/extinction is presented as a liminal state of being, both living and dead, both fact and fiction, a realm that we have growing access to through the proliferation of synthetic biology and cryopreservation. The article concludes through a presentation of anabiotic geographies, postulating on the changing biocultural significances we attach to organisms both extinct and extant, and considering their implications for the contemporary extinction crisis.
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Chemodurova, Zinaida. "The Art of Storytelling in the Digital Age: A Multimodal Perspective." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 2. Jazykoznanije, no. 6 (December 2022): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2022.6.9.
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Using Dan Brown's Wild Symphony, Craig Silvey's The Amber Amulet, and Jon McGregor's In Winter the Sky as its case studies, this article attempts to explore a number of mechanisms and strategies contributing to the multimodal fiction construction and posing challenges for modern readers of all ages. The article proposes to examine multimodal resonance as a cognitive mechanism enhancing the emotional impact of multimodal stories on recipients and triggering the receptive mechanism of narrative empathy. Various semiotic resources, both free resources, such as photos, maps, and illustrations, and bound ones, including font types and typographical experiments, are analyzed from the standpoint of their role in fictional world creation. The article makes an original contribution to the Multimodal Stylistics Studies by hypothesizing the relevance of identifying two distinctive mechanisms of foregrounding: visual foregrounding as a range of formal ways to construct a multimodal text that focuses the reader's attention with the help of free semiotic resources, and graphic foregrounding, which has bound semiotic resources at its heart. The findings of the research prove that it is the combination of elements of stylistic, cognitive and linguo-semiotic analyses that might provide a new and effective methodology for interpreting a multimodal literary text. The overall outcome testifies to the importance of further research into varied mechanisms of foregrounding as a complex phenomenon essential for our better understanding of the embodied character of reading.
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Jones, Calvert W., and Celia Paris. "It’s the End of the World and They Know It: How Dystopian Fiction Shapes Political Attitudes." Perspectives on Politics 16, no. 4 (November 23, 2018): 969–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537592718002153.
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Given that the fictional narratives found in novels, movies, and television shows enjoy wide public consumption, memorably convey information, minimize counter-arguing, and often emphasize politically-relevant themes, we argue that greater scholarly attention must be paid to theorizing and measuring how fiction affects political attitudes. We argue for a genre-based approach for studying fiction effects, and apply it to the popular dystopian genre. Results across three experiments are striking: we find consistent evidence that dystopian narratives enhance the willingness to justify radical—especially violent—forms of political action. Yet we find no evidence for the conventional wisdom that they reduce political trust and efficacy, illustrating that fiction’s effects may not be what they seem and underscoring the need for political scientists to take fiction seriously.
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Maguire, Muireann. "Revolutionary Experiments: The Quest for Immortality in Bolshevik Science and Fiction. By Nikolai Krementsov. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014. xvi, 268 pp. Notes. Index. Illustrations. Photographs. $74.00, hard bound." Slavic Review 74, no. 2 (2015): 404–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0037677900001765.
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Ping, Chin Woon. "Asia - Literary Migrations: Traditional Chinese Fiction in Asia (17th–20th Centuries). Edited by Claudine Salmon. Beijing: International Culture Publishing Corporation, 1987. Pp. 661. Illustrations, Footnotes, Bibliographies." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 22, no. 1 (March 1991): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400005567.
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Gibson, Richard. "Graphic illustration of impairment: science fiction, Transmetropolitan and the social model of disability." Medical Humanities 46, no. 1 (September 18, 2018): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medhum-2018-011506.
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The following paper examines the cyberpunk transhumanist graphic novel Transmetropolitan through the theoretical lens of disability studies to demonstrate how science fiction, and in particular this series, illustrate and can influence how we think about disability, impairment and difference. While Transmetropolitan is most often read as a scathing political and social satire about abuse of power and the danger of political apathy, the comic series also provides readers with representations of impairment and the source of disability as understood by the Social Model of Disability (SMD). Focusing on the setting and fictional world in which Transmetropolitan takes place, as well as key events and illustration styling, this paper demonstrates that the narrative in this work encompasses many of the same theoretical underpinnings and criticisms of society’s ignorance of the cause of disability as the SMD does. This paper aims, by demonstrating how Transmetropolitan can be read as an allegory for the disabling potential of society as experienced by individuals with impairments, to prompt readers into thinking more creatively about how narratives, seemingly unconcerned with disability, are informed and can be understood via disability theory.
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Wilson, Virginia. "Boys are Reading, but their Choices are not Valued by Teachers and Librarians." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 4, no. 3 (September 21, 2009): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8h91w.
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A Review of:
McKechnie, Lynne (E.F.). “ ‘Spiderman is not for Babies’ (Peter, 4 Years): The ‘Boys and Reading Problem’ from the Perspective of the Boys Themselves.” The Canadian Journal of Information and Library Science 30.1/2 (2006): 57-67.
Objective – This study looks at what constitutes legitimate reading material for boys and how this material is defined in light of assessed gender differences in reading, and is part of a larger, ongoing research project on the role of public libraries in the development of youth as readers.
Design – Semi-structured, qualitative interviews and book inventories.
Setting – The research originated from the MLIS 566 (Literature for Children and Young Adults) class at the Faculty of Information and Media Studies, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
Subjects – Forty-three boys, ages four through twelve, were interviewed. Most of the boys lived in Ontario, although a few came from other Canadian provinces.
Methods – Library school students who were registered in a Literature for Children and Young Adults class interviewed children and young adults about their reading and information practice as part of a “Book Ownership Case Study” assignment. The researcher also interviewed children and young adults, for a total of 137 case studies. For the purpose of this article, a data subset for the 43 boys included in the larger project was analyzed. The boys ranged in age from four to twelve years. The mean age was eight and the median age was nine. The theoretical perspective of reader response theory was used to situate the study. This theory has the relationship between the text and the reader as its focus, and it suggests that to understand the reading habits of boys, there needs to be recognition that the experts about their reading are the boys themselves. The interviews, which explored reading preferences and practices, were qualitative, semi-structured, and took thirty minutes to complete. In addition to the interview, each boy’s personal book and information material collection was inventoried. The researcher used a grounded theory approach to analyze the inventory and interview data to pull out themes related to the research questions. Grounded theory “uses a prescribed set of procedures for analyzing data and constructing a theoretical model” from the data (Leedy and Ormrod 154).
Main Results – The collection inventories revealed that all 43 study participants had personal collections of reading materials. The collections ranged from eight volumes to 398 volumes. There was a mean volume total of 108 and a median of 98 books per boy. In addition to books, other materials were in the collections. Video recordings were owned by 36 (83.7%) of the boys, 28 (65.1%) of participants had computer software, 28 (65.1%) owned audio recordings, and 21 (48.8%) of the collections also included magazines.
In the interview data analysis, a number of themes were revealed. All of the boys except one owned fiction. Some genres appeared frequently and were different than the ones found in the inventories taken of the girls in the larger study. Genres in the boys’ collections included fantasy, science fiction, sports stories, and humorous stories. The boys also discussed genres they did not enjoy: classic children’s fiction, such as The Adventures of Robin Hood, love stories, and “books about groups of girls” (61). All but five boys had series books such as Animorphs, Captain Underpants, Redwall, and Magic Treehouse in their collections.
All study participants except for one owned non-fiction titles. When asked what their favourite book was, many of the boys chose a non-fiction title. Holdings included subjects such as “jokes, magic, sports, survival guides, crafts, science, dictionaries, maps, nature, and dinosaurs” (62).
In addition to books, the boys reported owning and reading a wide range of other materials. Comics, manga, magazines, pop-up and other toy books, sticker books, colouring books, puzzle books, and catalogues were among the collection inventories. Only one boy read the newspaper.
Another theme that emerged from the interview data was “gaming as story” (63). The boys who read video game manuals reported reading to learn about the game, and also reading to experience the game’s story. One boy’s enjoyment of the manual and the game came from the narrative found within.
Various reading practices were explored in the interviews. Formats that featured non-linear reading were popular. Illustrations were important. Pragmatic reading, done to support other activities (e.g., Pokeman), was “both useful and pleasurable” (54).
And finally, the issue of what counts as reading emerged from the data. Many boys discounted the reading that “they liked the best as not really being reading” (65). Some of the boys felt that reading novels constituted reading but that the reading of computer manuals or items such as science fair project books was “not really reading” (65). A distinction was made between real books and information books by the boys.
Conclusions – The researcher explored what has been labelled as the “problem” of boys reading in this paper. She found that the 43 boys in this study are reading, but what they are reading has been undervalued by society and by the boys themselves. Collection inventories found a large number of non-fiction books, computer magazines, comic books, graphic novels, and role-playing game manuals—items not necessarily privileged by libraries, schools, or even by the boys themselves. The researcher suggests that “part of the ‘boys and reading problem’ then lies in what we count as reading” (66). By keeping what boys are actually reading in mind when it comes to collection development and library programming, children’s librarians can “play a central role in legitimizing the reading practices of boys” (66).
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Pallavi, Mrs Koyyana, and Prof Y. Somalatha. "A Literary Inquiry into Disability, Trauma and Narrative Strategies in Lisa Genova’s Novels." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 9, no. 3 (March 27, 2021): 114–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v9i3.10954.
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The reaisltic illustration of central characters suffering from rare and severe neurological sicknesses in Lisa Genova’s novels provide an ideal prospect to study trauma in pathography novels, a subset of science fiction. However, despite its scope, these genres of novels have received little consideration in American literary trauma studies. This paper will present a new analysis of trauma in relationship to the ‘neuro’genre, followed by an analysis of narrative and literary devices employed by the author to illustrate traumatic episodes in her novels. Through this case study and critical reflection of how the author has engaged trauma in the novels supports strengthening literary trauma theory within trauma literature and the genre also. The writing of traumatic experiences of the victims, transformed identity, stigmas, fears and phobias and providing face to the sufferer doomed fate, offers an opportunity for a neuroscientist turned novelist like Lisa Genova to advocate about the neurological sicknesses and its suffering with enriched empathetic experience to the non-scientific societies. It also provides a balanced realistic narrative platform for the reader to reflect on their own uncertainties, brought on by the representation of such fictional characterization. This literary research analysis will provide scope to science fiction authors, particularly those aiming to engage with medicine and literature, for a more accurate depiction of trauma in their work. It will further broaden the scope of research in phenomenology, narrative and genre theories and criticism in literary studies.
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Laz, Cheryl. "Republication of “Science Fiction and Introductory Sociology: The Handmaid in the Classroom”." Teaching Sociology 48, no. 1 (January 2020): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0092055x19894639.
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Although there is a great deal of available material on using nontraditional resources for teaching sociology, the pedagogical uses of science fiction have not been examined for 20 years. This essay first asserts the need for an update based on changes in society and in science fiction over the past two decades. The paper then focuses on the uses of SF to teach sociology and critical thinking by describing how SF can help students to “make strange” (i.e., develop a skeptical, questioning stance), to “make believe” (i.e., develop critical and creative thinking), and to “make real” (i.e., use sociological concepts and theories). As illustration, the essay concludes with a detailed description of the use of Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale in teaching introductory sociology.
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Elena, Alberto. "Exemplary lives: biographies of scientists on the screen." Public Understanding of Science 2, no. 3 (July 1993): 205–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0963-6625/2/3/002.
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Cinema has emerged in the twentieth century as one of the most powerful vehicles for the popularization of science. Medical melodramas, science-fiction films and biopics can be used to advantage by historians and sociologists of science alike in order to reconstruct the always elusive public opinion. As a subgenre of historical films, biopics constitute a vigorous attempt to communicate to the lay public the ethos conventionally associated with scientific endeavour. Much more than a simple illustration of the lives of great scientists, biopics are one of the best indicators of public attitudes towards science and technology in contemporary society.
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Banerjee, Anindita. "Die Erfindung des Kosmos: Zur sowjetischen Science Fiction und populärwissenschaftlichen Publizistik vom Sputnikflug bis zum Ende der Tauwetterzeit. By Matthias Schwartz. Berliner Slawistische Arbeiten, no. 22. Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 2004. 195 pp. Notes. Bibliography. Illustrations. $43.95, paper." Slavic Review 64, no. 4 (2005): 936–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3649973.
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Li, Mengjun. "‘Carving the Complete Edition’: Self-commentary, Poetry, and Illustration in the Early-Qing Erotic Novel Romance of an Embroidered Screen (1670)." East Asian Publishing and Society 7, no. 1 (April 20, 2017): 30–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22106286-12341303.
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Scholars of late imperial Chinese fiction have demonstrated that Ming ‘literati novels’ possessed both intellectual sophistication and aesthetic seriousness. Nonetheless, the large corpus of mid-length fictional narratives of the Qing remains mired in problematic assumptions about its ostensibly popular nature. The self-commentaried edition ofEmbroidered screen(Xiuping yuan) presents a salient example for reassessing the nature of Qing novels and the reading of fiction in the seventeenth century. First circulated in manuscript copies, extensive auto-commentary was added when the novel was committed to print. The commented edition incorporates different genres—poetry, examination essay, and anecdotal accounts—as well as visual elements, all intended to appeal to elite literati tastes among Qing readers. Its literary, visual, and formal heteroglossia also contributed to its popularity in eighteenth-century Japan, which in turn secured its preservation and eventual modern rediscovery, even while it fell into obscurity in Qing China, most likely due to political censorship.
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Marriott, David. "Gravity's Rainbow: Apocryphal History or Historical Apocrypha?" Journal of American Studies 19, no. 1 (April 1985): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875800020053.
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Nineteenth century novelists felt constrained to supply their readers with well-chosen epigraphs, and the personal canons from which they drew them, whilst seldom exclusively Biblical, provided a convenient index to their individual literary and philosophical predilections. Thomas Pynchon's canon is wilfully idiosyncratic and frequently apocryphal, but his epigraphs are no less apposite than George Eliot's; for in creating a fictional world out of what is largely palpable history Pynchon produces a homogenous medium which is neither fiction nor history. I have chosen the epigraph above because in addition to illustrating this admixture of fiction and history it also intimates to the reader an aspect of Pynchon's technique which may go some way towards explaining the rationale behind it. Some parts ofGravity's Rainbow, I think, might best be described as an attempt at writing a twentieth century “gospel.”The Oxyrhynchus papyri, referred to in the epigraph actually exist. They were discovered in 1898 and 1904 in Egypt, and were fragments of purported sayings of Jesus of Nazareth dating from the second century A.D. Not until 1956, when the translation of a gnostic library discovered at Nag Hammedai in Egypt was completed, did it become clear that the Oxyrhynchus papyri were fragments of a work calling itself theGospel of Thomas.
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Gall, Alfred. "Fantastyka naukowa i trauma: konstelacje w powieści Solaris Stanisława Lema." Papers in Literature, `10 (July 30, 2022): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pl.7853.
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The paper offers a new reading of Stanisław Lem’s most popular novel Solaris. The text is interpreted as a literary representation of trauma. The notion of trauma is understood in two ways. On the one hand, it refers to the tradition of the gothic novel and its staging of the uncanny which causes disbelief in the reality. In Lem’s Solaris this complexity is transferred into the context of science fiction. On the other hand, trauma is a key motif in the novel and indicates the past experiences or the present states of mind the protagonists have not come to terms with. The aim of this article is to explain how science fiction serves as a literary disguise for the representation of those traumatic experiences which cannot be handled on the ground of traditional psychoanalytical strategies for overcoming trauma. Solaris thus undermines basic assumptions of psychoanalysis. However, the novel is not a mere illustration of theoretical concepts or a work based upon Lem’s own personal wartime experiences in Lwów, though his biographical background may have influenced the writer’s depiction of the situation on the Solaris station. The novel should rather be treated as a critical assessment of the contemporary technological civilisation, which enables man to conquer the cosmos but is also guilt-ridden and burdened with a past, still haunting the protagonists even in the depths of the universe.
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Anderson, S. "Potential Clinical Insights Generated Through the Process of Interdisciplinary Science/art Collaboration." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70387-6.
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The filmmaker’s trained intuition in ‘reading’ gesture on the one hand and the highly technical nature of the filmmaking process on the other allows for productive interdisciplinary science/art exchange in exploring neurological and psychopathological conditions. As an illustration, processes and observations of a cinema/neuroscience collaboration in the production of a short fiction film featuring a protagonist with visual agnosia will be presented. It will be suggested that challenges and conflicting approaches employed by the different disciplines in the interdisciplinary collaborative investigation are beneficial to both the neuroscience and the filmmaking process. Parallels will be drawn between the cinema/neuroscience collaboration on visual agnosia and the intentions of the current symposium’s interdisciplinary work. This will be discussed in relation to the depiction and interpretation of ‘the subjective’. A questioning of an individual’s subjective perception underpins both the experience of hallucinations and the neurological condition visual agnosia. The potential for clinical insights will be considered in the light of the particular nature of the medium of film and its preoccupation with the subjective experience in relation to aspects of psychosis.
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Steinskog, Erik. "Fremmede her på jorden - Afrofuturistiske spekulationer." K&K - Kultur og Klasse 43, no. 119 (September 29, 2015): 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/kok.v43i119.22249.
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The last couple of decades have seen an increase in research and artistic practices around afrofuturism. Taking the cue from Mark Dery’s article “Black to the Future,” where he coins the term, the article points to different aspects of afrofuturism. The music and philosophy of Sun Ra is an important point of departure, having ancient Egypt and a future outer space as orientation. At the same time there are, as Dery makes clear, other dimensions at stake. Following Dery’s argument that African Americans and other Afrodiasporic citizens in a specific sense are descendent from alien abductees, the article moves into relations between time and history, and employs an afrofuturist lens to discuss how speculative fiction can be used in interpreting history, illustrating a kind of science fiction historiography. As a case in point the Middle Passage, and the chronotope of the ocean, is discussed in tandem with Nnedi Okorafor’s novel Lagoon. Okorafor’s novel also testifies to an expansion of afrofuturism with increasing expressive work coming from the African continent.
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Ioniţă, Maria. "Hunting Lizards in Romania." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 25, no. 4 (November 2011): 704–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325410387636.
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During the communist regime, but particularly in the 1970s and 1980s, a significant portion of the critical discourse expressed in Romanian literature took the form of “lizards.” The lizard was a type of short, highly codified, oblique text, often humorous or ironic, “planted” in a seemingly innocuous literary piece. This article serves a double purpose. Its first half is an attempt at literary paleontology: an outline of the origins, evolution, and morphology of the Romanian lizard, particularly in relation to humor and satire. The second half is an illustration of the lizard “in its natural state,” so to speak—an analysis of 2084: A Space Epic and Planet of the Mediocres, two short satirical science fiction novels by the Romanian writer Ioan Groşan, both published shortly before 1989.
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Dieter, Daniel G., and Elyse C. Gessler. "A preferred reality: Film portrayals of robots and AI in popular science fiction." Journal of Science & Popular Culture 4, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 59–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jspc_00025_1.
Full textAbstract:
The increasing frequency and depth of human interaction with robots and artificial intelligence (AI) prompts this research study into how media-framed portrayals of technology in popular visual media might construct social reality. Cinema serves as an important and influential form of media, and portrayals of technology in film media can influence public perceptions, specifically confirming or creating perceptions of artificial or robotic intelligence. Previous research identifies frequent portrayals of robots and AI as deceptive, aggressive monsters in films like Fritz Lang’s Metropolis and James Cameron’s The Terminator. However, as the distance between fantastic technology collapses into a new social reality where humans, AI and robots exist together, film portrayals reflect a more nuanced view and changing expectations for human-robot, human-AI interactions. The study applies framing theory and a content analysis methodology to examine filmmakers’ choices to determine robot and AI character types frequenting popular cinema. Seventeen popular films yielded 592 scenes to analyse. Findings from this quantitative content analysis revealed patterns portraying robots and AI more often as friendly, helpful companions of humans, rather than menacing or harmful to humans. Therefore, the researchers conclude that modern films primarily depict cohesive and complimentary interactions between humans and living technology, reflecting on heavy technology use and dependency. Furthermore, individuals who create these films may be illustrating scenes of a preferred reality, where AI and robots are meant to be our helpers, rather than threatening replacements in both society and industry.
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Grendler, Paul F. "Form and Function in Italian Renaissance Popular Books." Renaissance Quarterly 46, no. 3 (1993): 451–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3039102.
Full textAbstract:
Form and Function are Closely connected in books. The physical appearance of books indicates purpose and intended readership. A combination of size, type, and page layout offers visible signals informing the reader of the content before he begins to read a book. Books that look different are different. They have different subject matters, purposes, and readerships.Anyone browsing in a bookstore in the late twentieth century knows this. Today an illustration on the cover provides the most obvious clue concerning the subject matter and purpose of a book. When the cover shows a handsome man with a scowl on his face and a gun in his hand along with a beautiful young woman in distress—and possibly some degree of undress—we know that the book is a “thriller.” When the cover shows a spaceship, we know that the book is science fiction.
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Turner, Alison. "The Autologic Archive: Appraisal, Institutional Motives, and Essentializing Identity in Refugee and Asylum Application Narratives, In and Out of Fiction." American Archivist 83, no. 2 (September 1, 2020): 373–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17723/0360-9081-83.2.373.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT This article merges the postmodern critical thinking that scrutinizes bias and power in the formation of archival collections with the refugee and asylee resettlement process in the United States. It proposes that the theoretical accumulation of narratives recorded on applications for refugee and asylum status can be conceived of as a theoretical archive, physically boundless and spread across countries of origin, temporary host countries, and countries of resettlement. A postmodern-archivist lens helps to interrogate the implications of what Mireille Rosello calls the “problematic gap” separating what happened to a person and the narrative that is bureaucratically established during the application process; this article explores this “gap” by engaging fieldwork and scholarship from lawyers, field researchers, and humanitarians who critique how application narratives are recorded, processed, and preserved. It then turns to fiction from Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Dinaw Mengestu, and Imbolo Mbue that inhabits this “problematic gap,” reading a character in each text as personification of the processes of appraisal, institutional motives, and essentialization of identity. These texts make visible ways in which the application narrative archive operates through what the author calls an “autologic function” that prioritizes familiar forms of narratives while determining who is eligible for refugee status. In turn, the article proposes that these fictional illustrations of autologic processes might inform archival projects focused on inclusion of marginalized communities.
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Cirkel-Bartelt, Vanessa. "Beautiful destruction." Approaching Religion 7, no. 2 (November 29, 2017): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.30664/ar.67712.
Full textAbstract:
Though the term ‘science fiction’ was coined somewhat later, the early twentieth century saw an enormous rise in an interest in technological tales set in the near future, mirroring a general awareness of the growing importance of science.
Hans Dominik was one of the most prolific – and successful – German authors of this kind of popular literature. According to estimates millions of copies of his books have been sold, making Dominik’s work an interesting case study illustrating the sorts of ideas about science that German-speaking audiences entertained. Being a trained engineer and a public relations officer by profession, Dominik drew heavily on scientific topics that were headline news at the time and yet he also managed to create something new on the basis of these.
One of the methods he employed was the use of religious motifs and topoi. Dominik magnified the relevance of scientific enterprises and depicted the consequences of science – or scientific misconduct, rather – as the beginning of a catastrophe, or even an apocalypse. By the same token, Dominik often introduced the figure of the scientist as a protagonist who would save the world. Thus Dominik was able to draw the attention of a large audience to concepts of the use of atomic energy or nuclear weapons – to name only two – and their creative or destructive potential, decades before such devices were technically feasible.
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van Duijn, Max. "Readers’ Mindreading Challenges, and how They Can Inform Cognitive Science." Review of General Psychology 22, no. 2 (June 2018): 188–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/gpr0000142.
Full textAbstract:
What does dealing with fictional stories involve at a cognitive level? A capacity that has received ample attention in this context, both from psychologists and literary scholars, is “theory of mind” or “mindreading.” A dominant tradition in cognitive literary scholarship, mostly associated with Lisa Zunshine's work, puts particular emphasis on the importance of “recursive mindreading” or “multiple-order intentionality” (A thinks that B believes that C wants …). The current paper first discusses the key claims of this tradition, using passages from Virginia Woolf's novel Mrs Dalloway as illustrations. Next, textual analyses are offered of three excerpts from more recent literary texts; two by Haruki Murakami, one by Dave Eggers. Discussing these examples reveals various merits of applying recursively embedded mindstates in a framework for literary analysis, but also shows how it is problematic. While some interesting insights into structural properties of a text can be gained, it is argued that recursive mindreading falls short as a model for the cognitive tasks readers of a text have to complete. An alternative framework, based on narrative spaces/blending theory, is suggested and discussed. Overall, the article shows how literary analysis cannot only benefit from the application of ideas from the cognitive sciences, but also the other way around: narrative excerpts can provide detailed “test cases” for psychological models and theories, thereby casting light on their strengths and weaknesses in ways research within traditional paradigms cannot do.
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Gerdes, Anne. "IT-ethical issues in sci-fi film within the timeline of the Ethicomp conference series." Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society 13, no. 3/4 (August 10, 2015): 314–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jices-10-2014-0048.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose – This paper aims to explore human technology relations through the lens of sci-fi movies within the life cycle of the ETHICOMP conference series. Here, different perspectives on artificial intelligent agents, primarily in the shape of robots, but also including other kinds of intelligent systems, are explored. Hence, IT-ethical issues related to humans interactions with social robots and artificial intelligent agents are illustrated with reference to: Alex Proyas’ I, Robot; James Cameron’s Terminator; and the Wachowski brothers’ Matrix. All three movies present robots cast in the roles of moral agents capable of doing good or evil. Steven Spielberg’s Artificial Intelligence, A.I. gives rise to a discussion of the robot seen as a moral patient and furthermore reflects on possibilities for care and trust relations between robots and humans. Andrew Stanton’s Wall-E shapes a discussion of robots as altruistic machines in the role as facilitators of a flourishing society. Steven Spielberg’s Minority Report allows for a discussion of knowledge-discovering technology and the possibility for balancing data utility and data privacy. Design/methodology/approach – Observations of themes in sci-fi movies within the life span of the ETHICOMP conference series are discussed with the purpose of illustrating ways in which science fiction reflects (science) faction. In that sense, science fiction does not express our worries for a distant future, but rather casts light over questions, which is of concern in the present time. Findings – Human technology interactions are addressed and it is shown how sci-fi films highlight philosophical questions that puzzle us today, such as which kind of relationships can and ought to be formed with robots, and whether the roles they play as social actors demand that one ought to assign moral standing to them. The paper does not present firm answers but instead pays attention to the selection and framing of questions that deserve attention. Originality/value – To relate sci-fi movies to topics raised during the past 20 years of the ETHICOMP conference series, seemed to be an appropriate way of celebrating the 20-year anniversary of the ETHICOMP conference series.
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Brisman, Avi. "On Narrative and Green Cultural Criminology." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 6, no. 2 (May 22, 2017): 64–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v6i2.347.
Full textAbstract:
This paper calls for a green cultural criminology that is more attuned to narrative and a narrative criminology that does not limit itself to non-fictional stories of offenders. This paper argues that (1) narratives or stories can reveal how we have instigated or sustained harmful action with respect to the environment and can portray a world suffering from the failure to effect desistance from harmful action; and (2) narratives or stories can, may and possess the potential to shape future action (or can stimulate thought regarding future action) with respect to the natural world, its ecosystems and the biosphere as a whole. A wide range of fictional stories is offered as examples and illustrations, and the benefits of a literary bend to the overall criminological endeavor are considered.
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Bogel, Gayle. "Choosing the Right Book: Factors that Affect Children’s Reading." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 6, no. 1 (March 16, 2011): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b83g8j.
Full textAbstract:
A Review of:
Maynard, S., Mackay, S., & Smyth, F. (2008). A survey of young people's reading in England: Borrowing and choosing books. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science, 40(4), 239-253.
Objective – To analyze factors affecting book choice: reading recommendations, reasons for choosing series books, book reviews, and school libraries.
Design – This secondary analysis of data is based on a selection of findings from a larger 2005 survey that monitored trends in youth reading habits. The large scale 2005 study was designed as a follow up to a 1996 survey. The 2005 survey used online questionnaires and formal statistical analysis to compare gender and age groups. The data on factors affecting book choice were derived from the original questions, responses, and analyses.
Setting – Questionnaires were administered in
22 primary and 24 secondary schools in the UK with access to computers and internet.
Subjects – Almost 4,200 students from 4 to 16 years of age.
Methods – Study authors invited approximately 150 schools to participate in the survey. Forty-six schools (31%) responded. A total of 22 primary and 24 secondary schools participated in the original study between April and June 2005.
This study used comparative analysis to examine factors affecting book choice between gender and age groups. Statistical significance was defined as one percent. Other demographic information was collected, such as ethnicity, language spoken at home, and religion, but was deemed insufficient for any meaningful analysis.
There were 4,182 responses to the survey, separated into three age groups: ages 4 to 7 (KS1), ages 7 to 11 (KS2), and ages 11 to 16 (KS3&4).
Students were asked to describe themselves as readers by responding to multiple choice questions, and then to provide specific information on the places or people most frequently used as book borrowing sources. Participants were considered “enthusiastic” readers if they “read a lot with pleasure” and “average” readers if they “read an ordinary amount”. Participants responded to additional multiple choice questions on specific factors related to borrowing books and book choices, the process of choosing series, fiction, and nonfiction books.
Main Results – Readers: The number of children who described themselves as “enthusiastic” readers decreased with age, and approximately half of the children between 7 and 16 years of age described themselves as “average” readers, average rating increasing slightly through this age group. Investigators found a marked difference in gender within the 4 to 7 year olds: 49.7% percent of girls in this age group considered themselves “enthusiastic,” compared to 37.3% of boys. Only 18.5% of girls considered themselves “reluctant” readers, compared to 28.1% of boys.
The longitudinal comparison to the earlier 1996 study found that although the percentage of boys from ages 7 to 16 who described themselves as reluctant readers stayed about the same, the percentage of girls who described themselves as reluctant increased. There was also a dramatic drop in the number of girls who described themselves as enthusiastic; from 51% in 1996 to 17% in 2005.
Borrowing Books: Libraries of all types (school, classroom and public) were the prime sources for borrowing books. Girls borrowed more books from schools than boys, and girls also borrowed more books from non-library sources (family members and friends) than boys. Both boys and girls increasingly reported borrowing more books from friends than from libraries as they grew older.
Over half of each age group rated the school library or classroom book corner as having “enough” books. The perception of “too many books” decreased with age. The perception of quality of the classroom or school library also decreased with age. The number of students in the younger age groups who rated the quality of books in the classroom or school library as “very good” was significantly higher than students in the older age groups. The number of student who rated the quality as “okay” doubled from the lower to the higher age group.
Choosing Books: Children were asked six questions related to whether the physical book itself provided motivation to read, and six questions related to other factors for book recommendation. Younger readers were more likely to choose a book for its visual appeal, although this factor (interesting cover or illustrations inside) was more consistent for boys of all age groups than girls. The author’s name and book blurb were stronger factors for girls in the 7 to 16 age group than for boys.
The study authors sought to explore the idea of “shared reading” and asked children in the 7 to 11 and 11 to 16 age groups how often they chose a book based on a recommendation from a friend or family member, a public or school librarian, or other adults. Friends were the strongest recommendation source (43.2% for 7 to 11 year olds and 38.4% for 11to 16 year olds). Recommendations from school or public librarians rated only three to six percent for both age groups.
All age groups were asked about choosing series books, and the questions were simplified for the younger age group. All students reported that appealing factors were the consistency of characters, familiar storylines, and familiar writing styles. Some students also noted that the availability of series books positively affected their choices.
Print or online book reviews were used “hardly ever or never” by over 40% of the 7 to16 year old age groups, while television or magazine reviews or recommendations were highly rated by over 50% of respondents in the same age groups. Participants chose informational or non-fiction books because of personal interests, hobbies, or recommendations from friends, while they selected fiction or poetry for the blurb, title, or appearance and design of the cover. Celebrity recommendations and books about celebrities were popular reasons for choosing books.
When asked who helped them choose books, 53.2% in the 7 to11 age group and 66.1% in the 11to 16 age group stated that no one ever helps them. Of the students who had help choosing books, “family members” was the most common response. Local librarians were not used as a source for recommendations.
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Murray, Sarah. "The Radio Made Betty." Feminist Media Histories 1, no. 4 (2015): 46–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fmh.2015.1.4.46.
Full textAbstract:
Scholarly histories of Betty Crocker in the United States present the fictional General Mills character as a model home economist of the domestic science movement and the foremost illustration of midcentury “live trademark” consumer marketing. Yet it was the medium specificity of radio, and the sonic and nonsonic qualities of disembodiment required to sustain a live trademark, that solidified Betty's place in women's home service programming. Betty Crocker's on-air persona is underexplored and formative in the history of golden-age radio. How did radio make Betty, and how did Betty make radio? This article uses archival documents, listener mail, and surviving broadcasts to build a historiography of a distinctly sonic brand. While the on-air Betty Crocker was a cheerful purveyor of homemaking advice, backstage was a concentrated labor force of real women sustaining a radio-dependent brand identity through the aural, written, and physical personification of a beloved national figure.
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Hedges, Chris. "The Psychosis of Permanent War." Journal of Palestine Studies 44, no. 1 (2014): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jps.2014.44.1.42.
Full textAbstract:
In this no-holds-barred essay, former New York Times Middle East correspondent and Pulitzer Prize–winning journalist Chris Hedges examines how the United States’ staunch support provides Israel with impunity to visit mayhem on a population which it subjugates and holds captive. Notwithstanding occasional and momentary criticism, the official U.S. cheerleading stance is not only an embarrassing spectacle, Hedges argues, it is also a violation of international law, and an illustration of the disfiguring and poisonous effect of the psychosis of permanent war characteristic of both countries. The author goes on to conclude that the reality of its actions against the Palestinians, both current and historical, exposes the fiction that Israel stands for the rule of law and human rights, and gives the lie to the myth of the Jewish state and that of its sponsor, the United States.
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Smith, Keverne. "“Almost the Copy of My Child That'S Dead”: Shakespeare and the Loss of Hamnet." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 64, no. 1 (February 2012): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/om.64.1.c.
Full textAbstract:
This article emphasizes the importance of studies which look at changes and similarities in mourning over time. It argues that relevant evidence can come from creative fiction as well as from other sources, provided that this is analyzed rigorously in terms of structures and patterns. As an illustration of this approach, it examines the evidence in recurring features of Shakespeare's plays that his writing was deeply and lastingly affected by the death of his only son Hamnet, a twin, at the age of 11, and identifies five motifs which support this interpretation: the resurrected child or sibling; androgynous and twin-like figures; a growing emphasis on father-daughter relationships; paternal guilt; family division and reunion. The article suggests that this approach could be applied to other instances where a body of creative writing shows traces of overt or buried grief.
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Megela, Ivan, and Kateryna Mehela. "Psychological Profile of a Serial Killer (Based on the Novel “Silence” by Thomas Raab)." Postmodern Openings 13, no. 4 (November 29, 2022): 335–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/po/13.4/520.
Full textAbstract:
The research deals with the issue of genre hybridization in the novel “Silence – Chronicle of a Killer” written by a contemporary Austrian writer Thomas Raab. An examination of the novel's composition and structure, as a text in motion, has been accomplished in the article. The novel “Silence” is an excellent illustration of how the genre of adventure has been adapted to include elements of science fiction. This novel is a love tale, a rural life saga, a formation narrative, and a psychological thriller all in one. As a fictionalized account of the life of a serial murderer with hypersensitive hearing who became a legend for his mental torment and suffering, it serves both as a biography and a thriller. Novelist Raab uses elements from classic horror novels like Frankenstein, German romantics, in particular, G. Kleist, the tale of Casper Hauser, and detective novels like Friedrich Durrenmatt's "Promise" to tell the story of Casper Hauser's disappearance in his book. A new aesthetic experience may be formed at various degrees of identification ranging from naive perception to higher levels of literary reception. Concentration is required for poetic and philosophical substance. Michel Focalut's nomadism, marginality, and authoritarian power rhetoric have been discussed in this article. The novel's ultimate content has been disclosed as the aphesis torment, emotional sublimation, as the birth of an artwork and, at the same time, death of the author, who exposes discourses, accountable for creating texts that are allocated to him.
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Wang, Zhuoyi. "Between the World Ship and the Spaceship." Prism 18, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 210–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/25783491-8922249.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Planetarianism, proposed by Masao Miyoshi for literature and literary studies, calls for a new sense and organization of human totality truly inclusive of all and against neoliberal division, exclusion, repression, and egocentric consumption. Ironically, it is also the global neoliberal economy that lays the only realistic foundation for such a totality, albeit under negative circumstances. This economy has caused a rapid environmental deterioration that involves everyone on the planet, regardless of identity. Human beings are left with just two choices: either collectively forge new relationships among ourselves and with the planet or perish in the environmental devastation wrought by our continuous consumption, exploitation, division, and conflict. Imagining a totalizing environmental disaster and a global unity fighting for the survival of humanity and Earth, the 2019 Chinese sci-fi blockbuster The Wandering Earth is an important case for illustrating what complex forms the idea of planetarianism may take in a concrete ideological and creative context. The author argues that the film's future imagination bears laudable potential to promote a turn from exclusionist individualism, represented by the Hollywood science fiction model, to inclusive planetarianism. However, the film's persuasiveness is significantly limited by the double-layered restraint imposed on it by the state and the market. This article traces the turn and the restraint to their historical sources, closely analyzes where the film succeeds and fails in moving beyond the Hollywood vision of the planet's future, and thereby enriches our understanding of the cinematic imagination of planetarianism.
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Muellenbach, Joanne Marie. "The Role of Reading Classic Fiction in Book Groups for People with Dementia is Better Understood through Use of a Qualitative Feasibility Study." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 13, no. 2 (June 5, 2018): 97–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/eblip29417.
Full textAbstract:
A Review of:
Rimkeit, B.S. and Claridge, G. (2017). Peer reviewed: literary Alzheimer’s, a qualitative feasibility study of dementia-friendly book groups. New Zealand Library & Information Management Journal, 56(2), 14-22. https://figshare.com/articles/Literary_Alzheimer_s_A_qualitative_feasibility_study_of_dementia-friendly_book_groups/5715052/1
Abstract
Objective – To explore how people living with dementia experience reading classic fiction in book groups and what benefits this intervention provides.
Design – Qualitative feasibility study.
Setting – Day centre within a care home in the North Island of New Zealand.
Subjects – Eight participants with a medical diagnosis of dementia – four community dwellers who attend day centers, and four residents of a secure dementia unit in a care home.
Methods – Investigators used surveys, focus groups, and interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), for ideographic analysis of the data.
Main results – Following analysis of the focus book group data, three superordinate, with related subordinate, themes were found: 1) the participant as a lively reader. The participants shared childhood memories of reading and when they became adults, how they encouraged reading within the household and with their own children. Subordinate themes included: recall, liveliness of discussion, and interest in reading and book clubs; 2) the participant as guardian of the voice of Dickens. Participants believed that, when the language is simplified, the beauty and rich imagery of Dickens is lost. Subordinate themes included: oversimplifying “loses the voice of Dickens”, familiarity, and continued play on words; and 3) the participant as a discerning book reviewer. The participants offered a number of ‘dementia-friendly’ suggestions, including the use of memory aids and simplifying text. Subordinate themes were expressed as four recommendations: use cast of characters; illustrations pick up the energy of the story, but balance quantity with risk of being childish; the physical quality of the text and paper; and chunk quantity of text while keeping the style of the original author. The choice of using classic fiction that was already well known was validated by the participants, who had some preconceptions about Ebenezer Scrooge, and described him by using epithets such as mean, an old bastard, and ugly. The participants found the investigators’ adapted version to be oversimplified, as short excerpts of the original Dickens seemed to evoke emotional and aesthetic responses of appreciation. Therefore, when creating adaptations, it is important to preserve the beauty of the original writing as much as possible.
Conclusion – This qualitative feasibility study has provided a better understanding of how people living with dementia experience classic fiction in shared book groups. For individuals with Alzheimer’s disease, language skills may be well-preserved until later in the disease course. For example, the focus group participants demonstrated an appreciation and command of language, as well as enthusiasm and excitement in the sharing of the original Dickens with others. They suggested the use of memory aids, such as including a cast of characters, and repeating the referent newly on each page. Participants also suggested that the adapted version be shortened, to use a large font, and to include plenty of pictures. The choice of using classic fiction was validated by the participants, as they found these tales comforting and familiar, particularly when they included such colorful characters as Ebenezer Scrooge. Finally, people living with dementia should be encouraged to enjoy books for the same reason other adults love to read – primarily for the creative process. Classic fiction may be adapted to enhance readability, but the adaptation must be done in a thoughtful manner. While memory deficits occur in Alzheimer’s disease, an appreciation of complex language may be preserved until the later disease stages.
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Stamou, Anastasia G. "Studying the interactional construction of identities in Critical Discourse Studies: A proposed analytical framework." Discourse & Society 29, no. 5 (April 20, 2018): 568–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957926518770262.
Full textAbstract:
The field of Critical Discourse Studies (CDS) needs to extend its analytical scope and cross-fertilize with interactional accounts of identity. One the one hand, there is a constant and reflexive re-crafting of identities in late modernity. On the other hand, interaction is considered to be the major lens through which such identities in flux are studied. To this aim, I propose an analytical framework based on a synthesis of well-established CDS analytical tools with interaction-oriented ones, which results in the formation of ‘discursive strategies of identity construction in interaction’. I put the proposed synthesis under a ‘multiperspectival’ research agenda, which involves the compilation of a ‘package’ based on different approaches, on the condition that the theoretical and epistemological assumptions of each approach are taken into account. By way of illustration, I briefly discuss fictional interactions from two Greek TV commercials for the representation of age identities. It is shown that fictional data, which involve represented identities in talk by institutional agents, could become one possible ‘meeting point’ of CDS with interaction-oriented discourse analytical strands.
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BENNETT, BRIDGET. "Spirited Away: The Death of Little Eva and the Farewell Performances of “Katie King”." Journal of American Studies 40, no. 1 (April 2006): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875806000740.
Full textAbstract:
Depictions of deathbed scenes are commonplace within mid-nineteenth-century United States literary culture, particularly sentimental fiction. They serve a variety of ideological and aesthetic functions and have rightly received a good deal of critical attention. One aspect of their significance and broad impact that has not yet been included within revisionist assessments of the aesthetic and political strategies of sentimentalism provides the primary focus here. The stylized representational modes that characterize the dying of many characters in literary texts, magazine illustrations, paintings and other cultural productions were appropriated by nineteenth-century spiritualists to perform farewells between spirits and the living within the many seances that proliferated on both sides of the Atlantic from the late 1840s onward. The conventional structure of such partings, predicated on the imminent death of at least one of the participants, focused on an exemplary death in which tearful goodbyes and final words were significant features. Yet when spiritualists appropriated the formulae of such scenes it was within a set of practices that explicitly denied the fact of death at all. Since for spiritualists death was a chimera, the adoption of the symbolism of the deathbed scene as a model for how to facilitate different kinds of departure – not always those that took place between the soon to be dead and those they leave behind – took the rhetoric and practices of dying and transformed them into a new form of performance.
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Kosmály, Peter. "Authenticity, Reception and Media Reality." Creative and Knowledge Society 2, no. 1 (July 1, 2012): 118–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10212-011-0021-5.
Full textAbstract:
Authenticity, Reception and Media Reality This article deals with the reception of media reality, which is meant to be an alternative mode of consciousness, and with the phenomenon of authenticity and its understanding within media reality. It is also pointed out the distortion in the reception of media reality. As an unifying concept for media education and for the treatment of reception defects it is mentioned media anthropology - an interdisciplinary, respectively trans-disciplinary science, which can provide more consistent re-analyzing of the relationship between man and media as tools for improving his skills. From the methodological point of view the method of epistemological anarchism, Paul Feyerabend's "anything goes" is explained as an epistemological translation tool for developing reviewing competences and reception skills as a whole (organic reception). We propose to deal the distortion of media reception in different therapeutic ways: from sensory deprivation, through media substitution, organic reception, to transcendence of the observer and imitation of media - meta-creation. In the sense of organic, systemic reception we in fact propose to "copy" the communication strategy of media system(s) in order to extend or set appropriate "epistemic" competences. In the related illustration of this mechanism, the theory of A. Weinstock is applied for setting a research indifference point in the middle of a fictive reception continuum of polarities sympathy and antipathy with media. This paper represents a part of activities, which summarize author's dissertation thesis Reception instruction in the media reality, where there are presented not only analyses and attempted typology of reception instructions, but also case studies with specific proposals for teaching and researching within areas of media ethics and media education.
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Ling, Xiaoqiao. "Crafting a Book: The Sequel to The Plum in the Golden Vase." East Asian Publishing and Society 3, no. 2 (2013): 115–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22106286-12341247.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This paper examines the book form of the original woodblock edition (ca. 1660) of Xu jin ping mei 續金瓶梅 (The sequel to Jin ping mei), a sequel to the acclaimed yet controversial sixteenth-century vernacular novel Jin ping mei 金瓶梅 (Plum in a golden vase). Critics tend to hold Xu jin ping mei in low regard because the sequel’s extensive citations from religious texts and morality books disrupt the flow of the narrative. As this paper shows, such ‘weakness’ is part of the sequel writer’s conscious exploration of the productive gap between the text and the book as an object—cover page, the front matter, illustration and fiction commentary all contribute to the totality of the bound text as an object of connoisseurship. Another indicator of the author-editor’s effort at creating the sequel’s own social reception is a list of cited books that captures the full spectrum of textual production in the seventeenth century, thereby inscribing Xu jin ping mei in a cultural matrix that accommodates multiple modes of reading with a sense of hierarchy. To situate Xu jin ping mei in the context of the burgeoning print industry will help us go beyond the textual level to assess the sequel as an important cultural phenomenon. It is exactly the desire to cash in on the popularity of the original masterworks that pushes author, editor, and publisher to craft the book as a referential field in which the implied author engages anticipated readers of different dispositions to comment on, extend, and improve the original work.
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Abdu-Alhakam, Abubakr M. A. "Religious Identity in Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 3, no. 7 (July 31, 2020): 163–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2020.3.7.19.
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This paper aims to investigate illustrations of religious identity in Chinua Achebe's novel Things Fall Apart. It explores types of identity dimensions and other cultural factors that influence the formation and maintenance of religious identity portrayed in the novel. It also attempts to study the effect of religious identity on the relations between the characters in the novel. The paper takes a qualitative approach for its textual analysis, and it adopts the descriptive discourse analysis (DDA) method guided by the intercultural communication theory (ICT). The study concludes that religious identity is depicted by stereotypical concepts and religious-based actions, i.e., actions that have pure religious motivations. The natives' masculine identity strengthens their religious identity. Their racial identity does not affect their religious identity, while ethnic and class identities have some weak positive impacts. The personal attitude of the protagonist is opposite to the native communal mainstream. The results also reveal that religion is the base of almost all the characters’ actions. The study confirms the validity of applying the ICT on fictive data and reinforces the bidirectional influence between identity and communication as identity is conceptualized through the confrontations with others.
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Fergnani, Alessandro. "The future persona: a futures method to let your scenarios come to life." foresight 21, no. 4 (August 9, 2019): 445–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/fs-10-2018-0086.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to formally introduce the future persona, a futures method to let scenarios come to life. A future persona is a scenario-specific fictional individual living in the future scenario (s)he is meant to depict. The paper provides a formal, systematic and clear step-by-step guide on how to create engaging and effective future personas after a scenario planning exercise. Design/methodology/approach After having introduced the future persona method, tracing it back to the customer persona method in user centered design (UCD) and differentiating it from previous uses of futures characters in the futures studies literature and in other domains, an example of the creation process of four future personas based on four scenario archetypes of the futures of work is provided, illustrated with pictures and discussed. Findings Future personas, with their narratives and graphical illustrations, are found to be particularly useful to convey scenarios to a target audience. Practical implications Futures personas can be used in a scenario planning exercise to increase the clarity of scenarios in the mind of scenario planners and to let scenarios be known inside an organization. Originality/value Future personas can substantially enrich scenarios, increasing their liveliness, playfulness and empathy.
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Anisimova, E. E. "“Tolstoys are Totally Different Matter...” A. K. Tolstoy in Bunin’s Experience of Historical Reflection: B. Genre Aspect of the Theme of Memory." Studies in Theory of Literary Plot and Narratology 15, no. 2 (2020): 371–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2410-7883-2020-2-371-384.
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The article deals with I. A. Bunin’s perception of the personality and works by A. K. Tolstoy. The key components of this reception are the system of philosophy of history views formulated by A. K. Tolstoy and his concept of historical memory. The belonging of the 19 th century poet to the large Tolstoy family was mythologized by Bunin and became a reason for understanding and determining the young writer’s own position in relation to each of the three writers: L. N. Tolstoy, A. K. Tolstoy and Bunin’s contemporary A. N. Tolstoy. The paper draws upon fictional and nonfictional documents by I. A. Bunin and A. K. Tolstoy. Bunin’s reception of the personality and artistic heritage by A. K. Tolstoy was determined by the history of his origin. The Tolstoy family attracted Bunin’s attention because it was an illustration of his own concept of the literary gift as a “family affair”. Leo Tolstoy enjoyed an undisputed genius and generally recognized family reputation. Aleksey N. Tolstoy’s biography, on the contrary, was ambiguous – the fact that inspired Bunin’s scandalous hints in his essay “The Third Tolstoy”. Aleksey K. Tolstoy’s biographical path of was also surrounded by similar rumors – but Bunin in his article “Inonia and Kitezh” prefers to keep silent on them. In the 1900s, A. K. Tolstoy appeared to Bunin as a rival poet, and in the eyes of Bunin’s contemporaries as the one of his main literary predecessors. Bunin’s poem “Kurgan” was a kind of poetic response to A. K. Tolstoy’s ballad “Kurgan” dedicated to the problem of historical oblivion. These works-doublets could serve as an illustration of one of the types of literary “revision” introduced by H. Bloom. Bunin developed the plot of A. K. Tolstoy’s “Kurgan” in the elegiac genre and demonstrated the value of the past in the present. Since 1918, Bunin’s perception of Tolstoy’s legacy has changed. A. K. Tolstoy’s views of the Russian history are publicly emphasized in the “Cursed Days”, “Mission of the Russian Emigration” and “Inonia and Kitezh”. According to A. K. Tolstoy, the historical catastrophe for Russia was programmed by “Tatar yoke”, which distorted the European character of the national culture and personality and later drove the nation to the particularly Asian, as Tolstoy thought, phenomenon of Ivan the Terrible. Borrowing some modern ideas from the natural sciences, Bunin transferred a number of A. K. Tolstoy’s observations into an anthropological sphere and pointed out specific signs of the “Mongolian” traces in Bolsheviks’ Russia.
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Im, Mihyun. "A Study on Women’s Chivalry Painting(女俠圖) in the Late Joseon Dynasty." Paek-San Society 124 (December 31, 2022): 315–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.52557/tpsh.2022.124.315.
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First appearing in unofficial records during the Later Han period in China, Women’s Chivalry became a frequent topic of literature in the Tang Dynasty and fictions such as Hongsun and Sugeunrang garnered popularity. Later in the Ming Dynasty, illustrations were inspired by literature with women as protagonists based on the success of a variety of plays and novels, also resulting in artists producing paintings on Women’s Chivalry.
Meanwhile in Joseon, as a result of two wars, chivalry was an emerging interest in literature, drawing attention to novels and paintings on Women’s Chivalry as well. Introduced in the Goryeo Dynasty, Chinese novels on Women’s Chivalry became widely popular and read and in the 17th century, and paintings on Women’s Chivalry such as Guyoung’s Yuhyupdo and Maeng Youngkwang’s Paegummiindo were circulated and appreciated among writers. In Korea, Women's Chivalry became a frequent topic of painting during the Late Joseon Dynasty with the main character of the Tang Dynasty’s novel Hongsun as a prominent inspiration. The reason for this prominence of Hongsun appears to be a combination of factors, including the impact of Chinese literature, the impact of artists such as Guyoung and Maeng Youngkwang and their paintings of Women’s Chivalry, and the association with naksindo paintings. Iconically, images reminiscent of sword dance were drawn with a beautiful woman holding a sword with her robe fluttering in the wind.
Paintings of Women’s Chivalry in the Late Joseon Dynasty can be represented by eight paintings; iconically, the paintings can be classified into Maeng Youngkwang’s (孟永光, 1590-1648) style and Yunduseo’s (尹斗緖, 1668-1715) style. In Mangyunggwang’s paintings, the women produce a static atmosphere as she stands or sits gazing at somewhere, while in Yunduseo’s paintings, the paintings have a strong dynamic image as women are shown flying in the air motivated by a scene from a novel.
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Sahadeo, Jeff. "Fictions nationales: Cinéma, empire et nation en Ouzbékistan (19191937). By Cloé Drieu. Turquie, Balkans, Asie centrale au prisme des sciences sociales. Paris: Editions Karthala, 2013. 392 pp. Appendixes. Notes. Bibliography. Glossary. Index. Illustrations. Tables. Paper." Slavic Review 74, no. 2 (2015): 393–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0037677900001686.
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Шелехов, И. Л., and Г. В. Белозёрова. "Childhood as an Object of Psychological and Pedagogical Research." Психолого-педагогический поиск, no. 2(62) (August 5, 2022): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.37724/rsu.2022.62.2.003.
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Обозначена актуальность исследования феномена детства. Определены области научного знания о детстве и представлена дефинитивная палитра этого термина. Исследованы подходы к его изучению, функции. Обозначены особенности процесса развития ребенка. Рассмотрено пространство детства, описаны его характеристики и функции. Приведена позиция государства в отношении детей. Рассмотрены теоретические и практические аспекты исследований детства в XXI веке.Авторский вклад в исследование детства заключается в сопоставлении, анализе, изложении актуальных, значимых, перспективных аспектов современных исследований данной тематики. Представлен обзор теоретических и прикладных аспектов детства. Предложено авторское определение детства. В рамках профессиональных интересов авторов детство рассматривается как дополнительное направление в системных персонологических исследованиях, отдельный элемент структуры репродуктивной функции человека, составная часть материнско-детских взаимоотношений.На основе сопоставления и анализа данных системного исследования сделаны следующие основные выводы.Интерес социума к проблеме детства возникает с эпохи Возрождения (XIV–XVII вв.).Различные аспекты мира ребенка и его психологии раскрываются в произведениях искусства (графика, живопись, скульптура), художественной и просветительской литературе, кинематографе.Психология детства является актуальной и перспективной темой научного исследования.Исследование феномена детства носит полидисциплинарный характер: традиционно это науки о человеке (психология, педагогика, социология, философия, биология, медицина, история, культурология), а также специфические области междисциплинарного знания (психоанализ, педагогика, этнография, история).Целью детства как периода онтогенеза является взросление, рассматриваемое как присвоение, освоение, реализация взрослости.В периоде детства Homo sapiens sapiens выделяются три основные функции, отражающие гетерогенные аспекты существования человека: биологическая (соматическое развитие организма), психологическая (развитие психики человека), социальная (включение индивидуума в систему общественного воспитания).Существуют две точки зрения на процесс развития ребенка: развитие непрерывно и развитие дискретно.Детство интерпретируется как производная от исторической эпохи, характерной для нее культуры (духовной и материальной), уровня экономического развития и представляет собой n-мерное психосоциокультурное пространство. The article highlights that the investigation of the phenomenon of childhood is highly relevant. It investigates various approaches to the investigation of childhood and scrutinizes various definitions of the phenomenon. The article outlines various characteristics of childhood development, investigates various characteristics and functions of childhood, and focuses on theoretical and practical aspects of childhood research in the 21st century.The authors’ contribution to the investigation of childhood consists in the comparative analysis and investigation of relevant, significant and prospective aspects of modern research in the field. The authors overview theoretical and applied aspects of childhood. They provide their own definition of childhood and investigate childhood as a component in the system of reproductive functions and an essential element of mother-to-infant bonding.The authors provide an illustration in Danish artist H. Bidstrup’s style to underline the relevance of the investigated research and to popularise science.A comparative analysis of the data of systemic research enables the authors to draw the following conclusions:The Renaissance (the 14th–17th centuries) was the first historical period to see social interest in childhood.Various aspects of the children’s world and child psychology can be seen in works of art (graphics, painting, sculpture) and literature (fiction and popular science).Child psychology remains a relevant and prospective issue of research.The investigation of the phenomenon of childhood is multidisciplinary, it incorporates human-related research (psychology, sociology, philosophy, biology, medicine, history, culturology) and some specific interdisciplinary knowledge (psychoanalysis, pedagogy, ethnography, history).The aim of childhood as a period of ontogenesis is maturing, which is viewed as learning to be an adult.The young of the Homo sapiens species perform three functions which reflect heterogeneous aspects of human existence: biological (somatic development), psychological (psychic development) and social (social involvement).Some scholars believe that children undergo continuous development, others argue that children’s development is discreet.Children are exposed to the influence of culture (spiritual and material) typical of the historic period, economic development and n-dimensional psychosocial space.