Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Science – czech republic – encyclopedias'

"Der Tscheche Věněk Šilhan sagt heutigen Lesern in Deutschland meist nichts. Er hat als Ökonom mehrere Bücher und gewichtige Aufsätze verfasst. Auf dem berühmten Parteitag der KPTsch in Prag-Vysočany, der sich der militärischen Okkupation am 21. August 1968 widersetzte, wurde er in Abwesenheit des internierten Alexander Dubček zum geschäftsführenden Ersten Sekretär des ZK gewählt. Dadurch ist er zu einer der Symbolfiguren des Prager Frühlings geworden."

This thesis is about the power of the regional policy actors in two European Union countries: Poland and the Czech Republic. Aiming to answer the question of whether their regions are powerful enough to decide on the directions of their development, this thesis describes power struggles between regional policy actors at European, national and sub-national levels. A particular analytical approach is developed which takes into account the following aspects of power: legal credentials, social capital, financial potential, decision-making ability, executive capacity and political potential. Therefore, the thesis is a major contribution to the reduction of the knowledge gap in multi-level governance (MLG) theory in terms understanding of the domestic factors influencing regional engagement in EU policy-making. Moreover, in the light of the opinions that only together with other theoretical approaches may MLG offer meaningful explanations, the author places the deliberation about MLG within the framework of power, offering an innovative and coherent approach to MLG analysis. This thesis aims to answer three major questions: Are the regions in a position to drive their own development and do they have enough power to do so? How has their power to influence regional development been changing for the last few years? If the regions are powerless, who is leading the process? The Polish and Czech regions had no power in the period 2002-2006. In comparison, the 2007-2013 period has seen a major capacity enhancement; both political and decision-making power allow the Polish and Czech regions to be serious players in the domestic arena. The only major difference between Poland and the CR is the level of executive power, which has been significantly reduced in the latter country by the Cohesion Regions. Nevertheless, the governments act as gatekeepers, trying to secure their power. The EC offers major developmental resources but also encourages the regions to adjust to pre-selected objectives in order to maximise the use of financial assistance. The regions still do not have full discretion to drive their development; the EC conditionality is vast in the CEE and its impact is proportional to the EC’s unprecedented financial power. The idea that guided the methodological design was to present the regional policy-making process from different angles. The best way to achieve this was to run a quantitative Delphi Panel, supplement its findings by qualitative semi-structured interviews, and cross-check the conclusion with information available in the literature.

This thesis examines the political process of health care reform between 1989 and 1998 in the most advanced sizable political economy in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) – the Czech Republic. Its aim is to explain the political process bringing about post-Communist health policy change and stimulate new debates on welfare state transformation in CEE. The thesis challenges the conventional view that post-Communist health care reform in CEE was designed and implemented to improve the health status of the people, as desired by the people themselves. I suggest that this is a dangerous over-rationalisation, and argue that post-Communist health care reform in the Czech Republic was the by-product of haphazard democratic political struggle between emerging elites for power and economic resources. The thesis employs the analytical narrative method to describe and analyse the actors, institutions, ideas and history behind the health policy change. The analysis is informed by welfare state theory, elite theory, interest group politics theory, the assumptions of methodological individualism and rational choice theory, and Schumpeter’s doctrine of democracy. Its focus is on the interests of health policy actors and how they interacted within an unhinged, but fast-consolidating, institutional framework. The results demonstrate that, while historical legacies and liberal ideas featured prominently in the rhetoric accompanying health policy change, in Realpolitik, these were merely the disposable, instrumental devices of opportunistic, self-interested elites. The resultant explanation of health policy change stresses the primacy of agency over structure and formulates four important mechanisms of health policy change: opportunism, tinkering, enterprise, and elitism. In conclusion, the relevance of major welfare state theories to the given case is assessed and implications for welfare state research in CEE are drawn.

The following dissertation discusses the role of norms and norm entrepreneurs in the foreign policy-making of the Czech Republic, Poland and Bratislava after the downfall of communism. In at attempt to unpack the mechanics and appliance of “soft power” in foreign policy practice in post-communist Central and Eastern Europe, it identifies conditions and analyzes processes via which norms come to play the role of intermediary variable in the articulation and enactment of national interest. Capitalizing on the agency-oriented strand of norm diffusion theory in international relations and discursive institutionalism scholarship in comparative politics, the dissertation argues that normative frameworks advocated by value-bound networks of so-called norm entrepreneurs can play a regulative function in foreign policy-making by setting boundaries for discourse and sustaining logics of appropriateness that constrain the pool of available foreign policy choices at critical junctures. In the first part, “the mission and conversion” (1989-1999), the dissertation focuses on the early stages of norm emergence and habituation in the three states in the 1990s, asserting that ideational influence incurred by American “missionaries” on Czech, Polish and Slovak “converts” to democracy via a range of socialization processes related to NATO enlargement and Western democracy promotion efforts in the region gave rise to norm entrepreneur groups bound by a shared commitment to a normative framework dubbed “dissident geopolitics”. In part two, “the zeal”, the dissertation concentrates on the later stages of norm internalisation, demonstrated by norm enforcement in foreign policy. Using case studies of Czech, Polish and Slovak foreign policy during the Iraq War (2002-2003), the Orange Revolution in Ukraine (2004-2005) and the Russia Reset (2009-2011), the dissertation shows how sustained advocacy by norm entrepreneurs with or without structural power, who skillfully use framing to push their normative agendas in discursive competition with other norm entrepreneurs, factors “dissident geopolitics” in the decision-making process that produces activist and value-laden foreign policy outcomes that might not have been expected of “weak” states. Ultimately, the dissertation argues that dominant norms and norm entrepreneur networks can thrive in transition settings when they are less disputed, but they tend to lose coherence and unity, respectively, as the foreign policy landscape diversifies upon completion of democratic consolidation.

The aim of this thesis is to examine why the Czech Republic has shortcomings with the practical implementation of the European Union Directive 2000/43/EC: the “directive on equal treatment irrespective of racial or ethnic origin”, in the field of education. Although the Czech Republic by 2007 did correctly incorporate the directive into domestic law, the lack of practical compliance is striking. A disproportionate high number of Roma pupils is placed in practical schools. The thesis investigates which effects the “misfit” between Czech domestic arrangements and the Race-Equality Directive along with the mediating factors within Rational Choice and Sociological Institutionalism have on the level of Europeanization. The thesis formulate hypothesis regarding the presence or absence of mediating factors, that facilitate or prevent compliance. Mediating factors that will be investigated are: structural veto-points, regulating structures, consensus-oriented political culture, dominating belief-system, problem-solving method and differential empowerment of actors. The analyse based on scientific articles and reports finds that numerous veto-points are blocking compliance.

The purpose of this case study is to use Ian Manner’s normative power theory and Adrian Hyde-Price’s neo-realism theory, in order to explain the Visegrad countries’ resistance against the EU relocation. There is great tension within the EU on how to handle the migration and refugee crisis. The efforts to establish EU relocation plan were extremely controversial since the European Commission adopted legislation directly related to territorial integrity and state sovereignty through qualified majority. The main opponents of the relocation scheme are the Visegrad group (Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic and Slovakia). This paper concluded that Ian Manner’s theory on Normative Power Europe is limited in explaining the Member States resistance, rather Adrian Hyde-Price’s theory on neorealism is more accurate in explaining the resistance.

« Résistances à l’Europe. La représentation sociale de l’Union européenne et les compétences politiques étudiées dans le milieu des entreprises tchèques » analyses political attitudes, social representations of Europe and European Union as well as a level of political competency among persons working in Czech entreprises (from workers to the top management). The first volume emphasizes a theoretical discussion about a concept of « Resistances to European Union » as it has been discussed since the late nineties of the twentieth century up to the 2010. We set a link between individual perceptions of political and social change as well as the importance of cultural differences to apparition of phenomena of resistance. A political competency plays a major role in an individual capacity to deal with cultural difference in changing political environment.

The second volume describes principal results of analysis of interviews issued from qualitative research between 90 individuals. We focus on explication of cultural and individual context that contributes to the formulation of Czech political attitudes toward Europe. A very detailed individual analysis helps to understand the reason of Czech reticences toward a process of the European integration at the beginning of the twenty-first century. We show four groups of tensions (antinomies) in social representations that actually constitute dynamic elements for political attitudes.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Le thème que nous nous proposons d’aborder dans la présente thèse est celui du populisme comme idéologie avec ses manifestations dans le monde, en Europe et surtout en Roumanie, où ses amples développements ont été à notre avis insuffisamment explorés jusqu’ici. L’hypothèse que nous avançons et que nous essaierons de valider par notre étude est celle que le populisme roumain n’est pas récent ou de fraiche importation, mais qu’il est solidement enraciné dans l’histoire et que ses évolutions ont un intérêt académique certain. L’interrogation méthodique, approfondie de la bibliographie spécialisée nous a révélé l’existence d’un intérêt minimum pour les variantes roumaines du populisme. La bibliographie internationale sur le populisme roumain est restreinte (Ghiţă Ionescu, Aurel Braun, Vladimir Tismăneanu, tous d’origine roumaine, sont actuellement les références citables). En Roumanie, quelques recherches isolées, surtout des dix dernières années, ont abordé des aspects ponctuels.Notre démarche tient sur trois piliers. Un premier chapitre théorique vise à interroger et clarifier la notion de populisme. Nous sommes partis à la recherche du populisme en utilisant la méthodologie de Margaret Canovan et Guy Hermet. Nous avons donc entrepris de refaire l’histoire du concept (narodniki russes, populistes américains, agrariens est-européens de l’entre-deux guerres, populismes latino-américains et d’Europe occidentale d’après guerre. L’étude taxonomique s’est accompagnée d’un passage en revue des conditions locales ayant généré les avatars du populisme sur quatre continents. Nous avons par la suite procédé à un état de la recherche sur la notion de populisme pour aboutir à une définition propre qui intègre des éléments dus à Jaguaribe, Hermet, Albertazzi et Mc Donnel, Laclau.Forts de la définition, nous avons passé en revue les rapports entre populisme et les diverses variantes du nationalisme, en insistant sur le national-populisme théorisé en première par Gino Germani, fort présent en Europe centrale et orientale et sans doute en Roumanie. Nous avons insisté sur les spécificités et les variables (temps, existence d’un leader charismatique) du populisme dans cette région, en retraçant, à la manière de Hermet, l’histoire politique de ces pays (Bulgarie, Hongrie, Pologne, République Tchèque, Roumanie, Slovaquie) avec un accent sur les mouvements considérés (à raison ou à tort) comme populistes.Le premier chapitre constitue la trame de fond du second, qui fait un panorama des avatars du populisme roumain des origines et jusqu’au début de la seconde guerre mondiale. Nous y avons surtout utilisé des sources roumaines (monographies de courants idéologiques, biographies, études et synthèses historiques, collections de revues et journaux, documents d’archives). En Roumanie, le populisme s’est manifesté depuis les débuts de la modernité politique, au XIXe. Le problème paysan a représenté la matrice du populisme roumain et l’examen des solutions pour y répondre constitue le fil conducteur de ce chapitre. Nous en avons dressé l’inventaire :populisme d’État modernisateur à la Peron (prince Cuza), socialisme de Gherea avec la paysannerie en arrière-garde du prolétariat, radicalisme bourgeois de gauche (le poporanism de Stere), populisme romantique et passéiste (le semeurisme de Iorga), boulangisme tardif (général Averescu), paysannisme avec sa doctrine coopératiste (PNP de Maniu et Mihalache), mais aussi le fascisme déviant de la Garde de Fer, qui a ciblé elle aussi les campagnes. Tous ces projets politiques ont illustré l’échec du populisme face aux problèmes de la société roumaine en voie de modernisation.Le troisième chapitre est consacré à la récrudescence populiste après la longue parenthèse communiste. Une analyse du national-communisme de Ceauşescu nous permet d’identifier bien des facteurs ayant façonné la société roumaine de 1989. Le national-populisme a connu un important essor en Roumanie post-communiste. Nous avons mis à profit des recherches internationales (De Waele, Tismăneanu), mais aussi locales comme des discours, articles de presse, sondages, archives électroniques. Nous avons accordé une attention particulière au Parti de la Grande Roumanie de Corneliu Vadim Tudor, le cas typique auquel nous avons consacré une étude. D’autres formations (PUNR, PNG de George Becali, Parti du Peuple – Dan Diaconescu, les anémiques héritiers du Mouvement Légionnaire) ont été passées en revue, pour constater leur inconsistance doctrinaire et leur faible impact électoral. De même, nous avons conclu que le national-populisme roumain post-communiste s’inscrit dans la continuité du national-communisme et très marginalement dans celle de ‘entre-deux-guerres. S’adressant aux perdants de la transition, ces partis ont failli à laisser leur marque. Deux leaders ayant fini en prison, un autre mort, la voie populiste semble momentanément fermée, bien qu’elle ait réussi une percée récente dans le discours des partis mainstream. Notre thèse retient une fin qui saurait aussi bien s’avérer un nouveau commencement.
The theme we intend to investigate in this dissertation is populism as an ideology with its embodiments throughout the world, in Europe and most of all in Romania, where its vast developments have been in our view insufficiently explored until now. The hypothesis we submit and which we shall try to validate by our research is that Romanian populism is not recent or freshly imported, but it is deeply rooted in history and its evolutions are of undoubted academic interest. The deep, thorough examination of specialized bibliography revealed us a limited interest for the Romanian variants of populism. The international bibliography on Romanian populism is far from extensive (Ghiţă Ionescu, Aurel Braun, Vladimir Tismăneanu, all of Romanian origin, are now the quotable references). In Romania, the research is not abundant either, but over the ten last years some individual aspects of the topic have been investigated. Our approach is threefold. A first theoretical chapter aims to questioning and clarifying the notion of populism itself. We set off in search of populism making use of Margaret Canovan and Guy Hermet’s methodology. We have thus ventured to trace back the concept’s history (Russian narodniki, American populists, East-European agrarianisms in-between the world wars, Latin-American and Western European populisms after WWII. The taxonomic study was accompanied by a review of local contexts having generated the avatars of populism on four continents. We have subsequently drawn a state-of-play of the research on populism as a concept in order to come up with our own definition which integrates elements owed to Jaguaribe, Hermet, Albertazzi & Mc Donnel, Laclau.On the solid ground of the definition, we have reviewed the relationships between populism and the diverse variants of nationalism, focusing on the national-populism first theorized by Gino Germani. National-populism is to be widely encountered in Central and Eastern Europe and undoubtedly in Romania. We have insisted on the specificities and variables (time, existence of a charismatic leader) of populism in this region, by recounting in the manner of Hermet the political history of these countries (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia) with special regard to movements rightly or wrongly considered as populist. The first chapter sets the framework of the second one, which brings about a panorama of the Romanian populist avatars from its origins to the start of WWIII. We have mostly made use of Romanian sources (monographs of ideological trends, biographies, historical studies, collections of magazines and newspapers, documents from the archives).Populism has been a constant presence in Romania, since the beginnings of the country’s political modernity in the 19th century. The peasant problem represents the matrix of Romanian populism and the review of the foreseen solutions to solve it represents the unifying thread of this chapter. We have proceeded to an inventory :modernizing state populism à la Peron (prince Cuza), Gherea’s socialism with the peasantry seen as the rearguard of the proletariat, left bourgeois radicalism (Stere and his poporanism), Romanticist & revivalist populism (Iorga and his sămănătorism), late boulangisme (General Averescu), agrarianism with the underlying cooperatist doctrine (National Peasant Party of Maniu and Mihalache), but also the Iron Guard’s deviant fascism, which targeted rural areas as well. All these political projects illustrated the failure of populism to address the problems of Romanian society on its way to modernity. The third chapter deals with the populist revival in Romania after the fall of communism in 1989. An analysis of Nicolae Ceauşescu’s national-communism enables us to identify many factors having shaped the Romanian society of 1989. National-populism enjoyed massive success in post-communist Romania. We took advantage of international (De Waele, Tismăneanu), but also local research and explored speeches, press items, polls, electronic archives.Particular attention was paid to Corneliu Vadim Tudor’s Greater Romania, the typical case which we studied. Other parties (PNUR, George Becali’s NGP, Dan Diaconescu’s People’s Party, the feeble heirs to the Legionary Movement) were reviewed, only to conclude to their doctrinal shallowness and weak electoral impact. We have come to the conclusion that Romania’s post-communist national-populism is based on the legacy of national-communism and only marginally on the heritage of Romania’s interwar populisms. Targeting the losers of transition, these parties failed to achieve major success. Two of their leaders ended up in prison, a third one is dead, so the populist path seems momentarily shut, though it has managed a recent breakthrough into the discourse of mainstream parties. Our dissertation closes on an end note which may well prove a new beginning.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

One of the possible ways, how to ensure the necessary electric energy to the future is by the thermonuclear synthesis. Systems that deal with this problem are called stellarator or tokamak. In my work I describe the working principle of the tokamak and its possible future evolution. More precisely I deal with particular tokamak that was brought from Culham to the Prague and its power supply, which became a problem. It is tokamak model COMPASS D. My work consists in power supplying of tokamak reels and power elements in its supply way. However it is just a test gear, which has a long way to the successful end, wich is power supplying instead of power burning. It is just a test gear on which are various tests and analyses carryed out nowadays. Results of these tests will be used for another research and to improve the results of this or other facilities.

There is a consensus across various disciplines that social capital positively impacts developmental outcomes. This study, conducted in the Czech Republic, empirically assesses adolescents' attitudes towards several aspects of social capital. It derives data from surveys of about one thousand secondary school adolescents from a nationally representative sample. A comprehensive measurement of social capital is applied in this study: it covers several key aspects of social capital that are pertinent to adolescent populations within this societal context: political participation, trust, tolerance, and aspects of social engagement and activities such as giving money to charities, willingness to help different groups, and ability to influence one's environment. The main findings show that social capital formation among an adolescent population (ages 15 to 19) is determined by higher educational attainments (measured by the type of school attended) and by gender. Counter to the hypotheses, age and socio-economic and family background factors are not significantly associated with social capital attitudes among this age cohort. The findings also reveal that the level of trust is relatively low; especially, trust in political leaders is dismal and negatively impacts attitudes towards political involvement. Cognizant of the Communist past and a lack of empirical research assessing social capital formation among the adolescent populations in the Czech Republic, this study aims to guide future research in this key development area and provides recommendations for policy initiatives
acase@tulane.edu

This thesis examines how the various characteristics of the Central and Eastern European new Member States, as indicated by the case studies of the Czech Republic and Hungary. affect how elite monetary policy makers within these states perceive the euro, both politically and economically. In order to answer this question economic and political expectations of what one would predict the perceptions of the euro within these state to be are developed from the official sources and existing Iiterature. The expectations reflect both the symbolic and political utility of currency in the development of collective sentiment as well as address the economic roles of currency. These expectations are then assessed against interview data collected from interviews with elite decision-makers within the Czech Republic and Hungary. Through this approach I argue that the opinions of elite decision-makers suggest that there is a complex interplay between the economic and the political regarding the perceptions of the euro within these states which reflect the unique character of these states. Moreover, I argue that even though the motivations of policy makers are in many cases particular to the NMS they are also run counter to some intuitive and scholarly predictions which indicate the need for further research.

碩士
國立臺灣師範大學
科學教育研究所
103
The purpose of this study is to establish a coding framework for video analysis that can be used for cross-national comparison of biology classes. Subsequently, the framework was attempted on the TIMSS-R videotapes data that were released in 2011, thereby illuminating the advantages and disadvantages of different teaching strategies adopted by biology teachers in different countries. In order to achieve its purpose, this study adopted a mixed method design by first comparing and contrasting several existing frameworks for coding videos that led eventually to the compilation of a new framework that is intended to be applicable in a cross-national settings. The whole process involved three phases, starting from the initial stage, the clarification and development stage, and then finalizing into the adjustment stage that settled on incorporating the comparison of various instructional representations, instruction activities, Kikan-Shido (or between-desks-instructions), teaching behavior and textbooks usage into the framework. The results indicated that teachers in all five countries, namely, Australia, Czech Republic, Japan, the Netherlands, and the United States, used “instructional representation to explain biological contents” with at least 74% of the time, indicating that the importance of this instructional approach. It was noticed that the usage of “instructional representation to explain biological contents” by the American teacher for reviewing was far higher than for other purposes, which amounted to reflecting that the American teacher took less than 29% of the teaching time for teaching the topic of the day. Furthermore, the ratio of verbal explanation by the American teacher was lower than those by teachers of the other countries. Besides verbal explanation, the American teacher resorted to using more graphical illustration and multi-media. On the other hand, it was noticed that comparing the relative approach to “teaching process” within the IPA and PSM process was an appropriate way to analyze the teaching characteristics of teachers from the five countries. For example teachers from the Czech Republic and The Netherlands preferred to use question-and-answer approach as a pedagogical means for guided conceptual learning. In contrast, the Dutch teacher valued independent learning by students and allowed them more time to construct their own knowledge. However, the teachers from Australia and Japan regarded group learning as a good opportunity that allowed closer interaction between the teacher and students. Not only was it easier to provide adaptive teaching to individual students, but it also created a friendly teaching environment. The analysis revealed various usage of instructional representations across countries in teaching biological concepts and sub-concepts as well as in the clarification of any misconceptions. The analysis of the PSM process revealed that for the Australian, the Czech Republic’s and the American teachers preferred to give students assignments in order to achieve the purpose of teaching review. The Czech Republic’s teacher, in addition, adopted a multi-media teaching, while the Japanese teacher let the whole class read the text in unison and wrote the summary of the lesson on the board at end of class. As for “textbooks usage”, it was found that the Dutch teacher made use of the textbooks at the highest rates in comparison to his peers. The teachers from the Czech Republic and Japan used the textbooks part of the time, while the American and the Australian teachers preferred to use handouts while they taught. These practices seemed to depend on the teachers’ subject matter knowledge of Biology, pedagogical content knowledge and their personal preference. As regards the feature of “Kikan-Shido,” it was noticed that the American teacher used Kikan-Shido as a way to monitor the learning progress of students and to give them guidance in a timely manner. The Dutch teacher used Kikan-Shido to provide scaffolding as a special form of explanation, guiding students to think along with the questions, monitoring the progress of students and promoting closer interaction between the teacher and students. The way the Japanese teacher used Kikan-Shido was in encouraging the students to learn and in guiding them to think by asking questions. It was regarded as an instructional act related to the on-task activity and intended to motivate and to provide support and feedback to individuals or to groups of students. The teacher of Czech Republic placed less emphasis on student-centered activities. Kikan-Shido was used as a means for monitoring and in providing instructional information regarding how the assignments should be written. It was not a time for teacher and students interaction, but rather for students to reflect on their own progresses. Finally, the Australian teacher made extensive use of Kikan-Shido in the lesson for an extended periods of time. It was interpreted that the teacher consciously regarded that he could use various instructional practices to create a friendly teaching environment, thereby implicitly reducing the potential power differences between the teacher and the students.

This diploma thesis deals with the relationship of archaeology and the general public in Czech Republic. The aim of the thesis is firstly the analysis and consequent evaluation of the current situation in presentation of Czech archaeology and secondly, the proposition of possible solutions of this situation. The thesis contains the theoretical parts besides the practical ones, which present the point of view of both general public and experts, on the ground of realized research of public opinion. Some of the chapters contain also foreign analogies, that have to serve as means to deeper understanding and demonstration of broader comunication possibilities between archaeologist and the public. Key words: archaeology, science, general public, Czech Republic, popularization, presentation

The present diploma thesis compares integrated education of natural science in the Norwegian Kingdom and education in the Czech Republic where natural science education is divided into a few separate subjects on the ISCED 2 educational level. The thesis summarises these two different approaches to science education, compares curricular documents and approaches to science teachers' education in the Czech Republic and the Kingdom of Norway. The main objective of this work is to find the impact the different concept of science education has on a teacher's ability to answer students' complex questions integrating knowledge from different science subjects. To meet this objective, I chose to use qualitative research in which teachers were asked open-ended questions as part of a structured interview. The outcome of the research was that there are some differences in how the complex questions are answered based on the different approaches to science education. In many cases, however, the answers varied depending on the teacher. The research also discovered personal preferences of science teachers on the ISCED 2 level of education. Also, the strengths and weaknesses of both approaches are, to some extent, viewed differently. The comprehensive, research-backed, text may be used for discussion about...

La Pologne, pendant des décennies pays d’émigration, accueille depuis une dizaine d’années de plus en plus d’immigrants et se transforme en pays d’immigration. D’un côté, elle semble avoir besoin de main d’œuvre, de l’autre elle se refuse d’adopter des politiques migratoires régissant le statut des migrants temporaires et des immigrants permanents. Pourtant, afin de répondre aux défis économiques, sociopolitiques et identitaires posés par des flux migratoires stimulés par la mondialisation, les aspirations économiques et les crises humanitaires, la plupart de ses voisins à l’ouest développent des systèmes migratoires. Nous constatons que malgré l’occurrence de problèmes similaires liés aux migrations en Europe de l’Est, à ce jour seule la République tchèque s’est prévalue d’un système migratoire, y compris d’un programme d’intégration des immigrants permanents. Qu’est-ce qui freine la Pologne de se prévaloir de mécanismes permettant de faire face à l’afflux grandissant des immigrants? Pour comprendre la question nous comparons la Pologne à la République tchèque - deux pays similaires dont le résultat en matière des systèmes migratoires diffère. La littérature met de l’avant trois facteurs explicatifs de l’adoption ou pas des systèmes migratoires par les États: les besoins économiques, sociopolitiques et les questions identitaires. Nous analysons ces trois éléments dans les deux cas choisis et posons comme hypothèse que c’est le facteur de l’identité nationale qui ralenti le développement du système migratoire en Pologne. En effet, notre recherche démontre que les facteurs économiques et sociopolitiques sont similaires en République tchèque et en Pologne, alors que le facteur identitaire marque la différence. Bien que la Pologne soit entrée dans l’UE et que son essor économique progresse depuis les vingt dernières années, il semble que l’identité nationale et le projet politique de préserver un État-nation soient des obstacles au développement d’un système migratoire ouvert à l’accueil des immigrants permanents. L’importance du facteur identitaire pour les politiques migratoires est montrée à travers l’analyse de la littérature, des sondages d’opinion publique et des sténogrammes parlementaires, ainsi que de quatre entrevues semi-structurées que nous avons menées avec des représentants du gouvernement polonais et des organismes non gouvernementaux.
As an emigration country for decades, Poland has been receiving more and more immigrants during the past ten years and is transforming into a country of immigration. On the one hand, it seems that the country needs labour migration; on the other hand it refuses to adopt migration policies regulating the status of temporary migrants and permanent immigrants. However, most of its western neighbours have developed migration systems in order to meet the economic, social, political and identity challenges resulting from globalized migration movements, economic aspirations and humanitarian crises. We note that despite the occurrence of similar problems related to migration in Eastern Europe, so far only the Czech Republic has adopted a genuine migration system, including an integration programme for permanent immigrants. What prevents Poland from adopting formal measures to cope with the growing influx of immigrants? To understand this situation we compare Poland to the Czech Republic - two similar countries with different positions towards migration systems. The academic literature puts forward three factors explaining the adoption (or not) of migration systems by States: economic, socio-political and identity. We analyze these three elements in the two selected cases and hypothesize that it is the factor of national identity which slowed the development of a migration system in Poland. Indeed, our research shows that the economic and socio-political factors are similar in both the Czech Republic and Poland, while the identity factor marks the difference. Although Poland has joined the EU and has enjoyed economic progress over the past twenty years, it seems that national identity and the political project of preserving the nation-state are obstacles to the development of an open migration system focused on the reception of permanent immigrants. The importance of the identity factor for migration policies is shown through analysis of the academic literature, surveys of public opinion and parliamentary transcripts, as well as four semi-structured interviews that we conducted with representatives of the Polish government and non-governmental organizations.

Especially in connection with the results of the PISA research, the literacy in the natural science field has been lately becoming the topic of scientific discussion. It had become apparent that Czech students attain lower levels of procedural knowledge and face difficulties in evaluation and planning of natural scientific research, when compared to student of other countries. In order to be able to make use of the synergy effect between the natural science literacy and statistical literacy, it is crucial for the students themselves to be literate in statistics. The presented doctoral dissertation focuses on the importance and the matter of statistical literacy among natural science and biology students of pedagogy. The goal of this dissertation is to describe the current state of statistical literacy among students of pedagogy in natural science field. In view of the complexity of the given task; sectional goals have been proposed and executed. Firstly, the expected attainment level among the first year students of universities and colleges is analyzed, with the use of contextual analysis of documents from the Framework educational programs for primary and secondary schools. This analysis shows, what statistical knowledge are pedagogy students of natural science and biology expected to have, based on the...

The main aim of this study is to enrich the discourse on developing an intended form of the science curriculum in different country contexts. A multi-case study research design uses methods of content and comparative analysis to find answers to the research questions. The empirical part of the thesis consists of single case studies of England, Finland, Scotland and the United States of America containing contexts of the current curriculum development, description and interpretation of analysed structural and content phenomena in the curriculum of primary (ISCED 1) and secondary education (ISCED 2). Based on the single case studies of curricula, a comparative multi-case study is conducted, which focuses on the identification and interpretation of common and different features in the structure and content of the curricula to be compared. The studied documents can be divided into competency- oriented and subject-oriented curricula, nevertheless, each curriculum contains elements of both approaches. The subject content of the contemporary curricula seems to be more elaborated or at least more detailed than in documents of the previous decade. It is possible that even in the field of curriculum development there is political influence of neoconservative forces or an intellectual influence of so-called...

This degree work sets itself the objective to extend well-known information about the Institute of Contemporary History, bringing precise description of the first ten years of its existence. The main purpose of this work is to elaborate further on the Institute's activities from the perspective of the so-called non-scholarly component of its staff. In the first theoretical part of this work, the theme of the structure and activities of the Institute is put into the context of time, with special attention to previous perspectives and problems of historiography as a scientific discipline; in this scope a general description of historiography as such is examined. Subsequent chapters characterize the methods of examination in the field of contemporary History in the U.S.A, France, Germany, Austria, Great Britain and Poland. It also gives a rough outline of changes in topical and geographical analysis as manifested in the attempt of specialisation in the above mentioned countries. In regards to the management of the Institute, the next chapter deals with the institutional structure of The Academy of Science of the Czech Republic. The methodological part of this work is focused on the clasification of the concept of a reaserch project including relevant expectations and objectives; it describes...

The aim of this thesis is to determine whether students planning to také the high school-leaving examination from biology have a better understanding of evolution in comparison to those taking the examination from a different subject. The data were collected by means of a questionnaire having been completed at six Czech and seven Slovenian high schools over a period of two years. The thesis proved that students taking the school-leaving examination from biology have better knowledge of evolution. The thesis also maps the evolution association of high school students and makes a comparison between the quality of evolution literacy in the Czech Republic and in Slovenia.

This thesis aims to discuss the History of Science in the Modern Age. It is a historical- philosophical reflection on the relationship between Science and Religion in the seventeenth century through the trip, works and life of the Czech mathematician, astronomer and Jesuit priest Valentin Stancel in Moravia, Bohemia, Italy, Portugal and Brazil . This study seeks to redimension the participation of the priests of the Society of Jesus in the development of the modern era by higlighting the activity of the Jesuit priests in the political-religious and scientific transformations that occurred in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in Europe, in the Orient and in Portuguese America. The present study aims to reflect on the scientific discoveries of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, especially in the fields of mathematics and astronomy; the new conception of man and world that springs from the political and religious transformations of reformist thought and cultural renaissance; the shock of the new scientific theories and experiences with the Sacred Scriptures and consequently with Christian-Aristotelian scholastic theology; besides contesting the lack of participation of priests, or even religion, in contributing for the development of science. The timeframe of the work takes place primarily...