Journal articles: 'Science / Crystallography'

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Kurisu, Genji, Yoko Sugawara, Atsushi Nakagawa, and Masaki Takata. "Japanese Science & Technology with Crystallography." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C1309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314086902.

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Divers Japanese Science and Technology has advanced together with the progress of crystallography in biology, chemistry, physics, materials science, metallurgy, electronics, engineering, geoscience, etc. Based on the highly scientific and crystallographic technology, Japan has been a great contributor in developing of high-end X-ray generator, electron microscope as well as large scale Photon Science facilities, such as Photon Factory (SR), SPring-8 (SR), J-PARC (Neutron) and SACLA (XFEL). Under such background, we promote IYCr2014 with the partnership of 36 academic societies in the field of pure and applied sciences. In the last half-century, developments in crystallography have also helped thriving manufacturing sectors such as the semiconductor, the iron and steel, the pharmaceuticals, the electronics, the textile, and the chemical industries. Some of the recent impressive outcomes in Japan are fundamental findings of photosynthesis [1] and pristine asteroid [2]. Crystallography in Japan keeps promoting our nationwide projects grappling with global problems such as environment and food, and will contribute to realize a sustainable society.

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Nazarenko, Alexander. "Crystallography Education for Non-Science College Students." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C1268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314087312.

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New applications of crystallographic methods made it necessary to teach crystallography to students with limited background in physics and chemistry. In this case, classic approach to crystallography with mandatory study of space group and physics of X-ray diffraction is not feasible. We suggest an alternative direction: (1) introduction to experimental procedures and data collection for polycrystalline and (possibly) monocrystalline samples, (2) raw data processing and use of databases for identification of known crystalline materials. Instead of establishing a crystal structure of a new compound, our goal is limited to reliable identification of known one. With this approach, X-ray diffractometer appears to be one of many tools in analytical laboratory, and crystallographic data can be combined with results coming from multiple techniques such as Raman, IR, NMR, and mass-spectroscopy. Possible modifications of data collection and data processing procedures will be discussed. This presentation is based our experience with teaching various instrumental methods (including X-ray Crystallography) for Forensic and art conservation students at SUNY College at Buffalo.

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Ohsato, Hitoshi. "Crystallography and R&D for Material Science from Our Research: Electroceramics." Advanced Materials Research 11-12 (February 2006): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.11-12.95.

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This article summarizes the work of the author’s lab based on crystallography. The topics are categorized in the following three fields: The first category is crystallographic analysis of materials, the second one is correlations between crystal structure and their properties, and the third one is crystallography for processing such as epitaxy, topotaxy and templates. The examples for these categories are: (1) multilayer ceramic capacitor (MLCC); (2) microwave dielectrics of tungstenbronze-type like solid solutions, and piezoelectric materials langasite (La3Ga5SiO14); (3) thin film growth of GaN or AlN on sapphire for example of epitaxy, hydroxy-apatite grown on diopside for topotaxy, and template growth of microwave dielectrics for template. Crystallography is useful in all studies, but is not almighty. Interdisciplinary study between crystallography and solid state physics is necessary to make clear the mechanism of the properties.

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Otálora, Fermín, Juan Manuel García-Ruiz, Alfonso García-Caballero, and Martha Santana-Ibañez. "The Krystalla Project for the dissemination of crystallography." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C1034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314089657.

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"The ""Krystalla Project"" comprises a series of coordinated activities designed to promote crystallography and crystallization in society in the context of International Year of Crystallography (IYCr2014). "Krystalla" is a joint venture between the Laboratory of Crystallographic Studies of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and Triana Science & Technology, a company specialized in the development of crystallization technology for research and dissemination activities. "Krystalla" aims to: a) Increase awareness of the society about the importance of crystallography and its role in everyday life. b) Promote the IYCr2014 and reflect on scientific knowledge and the role of science in our society. c) Inspire young people and encourage public participation through exhibitions, lectures and demonstrations. d) Illustrate the universality of science and encourage education and research in crystallography. Through the following activities: 1) The itinerant exhibition ""Crystals: a world to discover"" which will exemplify the applications of crystallography on our daily life and the fundamentals behind it. 2) A series of workshops on ""popular crystallography"" and ""crystallography"" for kids. 3) The National Crystallization Competition in the School [1]. 4) A ""Flamenco show" entitled ""The Crystal and the Rose"" blending the art of Flamenco with crystallographic concepts like symmetry, the contrasting geometries of crystals and living forms or the emergence of order from disorder. 5) A didactic edition of the successful documentary ""The Mystery of the Giant Crystals"" including the making-off of the movie, short videos explaining the fundamentals and applications of crystallization and scientific notes for teachers. 6) The webpage "The House of Crystals" exclusively dedicated to the dissemination of crystallography and crystallization. 7) A series of didactic guides to use well known movies as crystallographic teaching and popularization materials. 8) The IYCr2014 promotional video [2]."

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Chen, Yu-Sheng, Harold Brewer, Mati Meron, and Jim Viccaro. "Advanced Crystallographic Program at ChemMatCARS at Advanced Photon Source." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C1727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314082722.

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ChemMatCARS, a state-of-the-art synchrotron-based national facility for Chemistry and Materials Science located at the Advanced Photon Source (APS), maintains dedicated advanced crystallographic programs for small molecule which include photo-crystallography, high resolution charge density studies, high pressure (<10 GPa) chemical crystallography using a diamond anvil cell(DAC), ultra-low temperature crystallography using open flow Helium at ~10 K, and element-specific resonant diffraction and diffraction anomalous fine structure (DAFS) (tunable energy from 5 to 70 keV). High throughput micro-crystallography benefits from a new sample preparation environment and a fast data collection strategy to enable measurements on air-sensitive samples in fewer than 5 minutes. This work is typically done by cooling the sample with cryogenic open flow nitrogen or helium. These new capabilities will impact the development of new materials to meet emerging challenges in energy, environment and life sciences. This poster focuses on the above scientific research activities and provides information on how to apply for beam time.

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TERAUCHI, Masami, Yoshito GOTOH, Shigeo MORI, Hiroyuki KIMURA, and Koh SAITOH. "Crystallography in Materials Science;." Nihon Kessho Gakkaishi 56, no. 2 (2014): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5940/jcrsj.56.77.

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Fantini, Marcia Carvalho De Abreu, and Iris Linares de Torriani. "Crystallography science in Brazil." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 73, a2 (December 1, 2017): C1168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273317084066.

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Fennick, Jacob R., J. Brandon Keith, Robert H. Leonard, Thanh N. Truong, and James P. Lewis. "A cyberenvironment for crystallography and materials science and an integrated user interface to the Crystallography Open Database and Predicted Crystallography Open Database." Journal of Applied Crystallography 41, no. 2 (March 8, 2008): 471–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889808000381.

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With the advent and subsequent evolution of the Internet the ways in which computational crystallographic research is conducted have dramatically changed. Consequently, secure, robust and efficient means of accessing remote data and computational resources have become a necessity. At present scientists in computational crystallography access remote data and resourcesviaseparate technologies, namely SSH and Web services. Computational Science and Engineering Online (CSE-Online) combines these two methods into a single seamless environment while simultaneously addressing issues such as stability with regard to Internet interruption. Presently CSE-Online contains several applications which are useful to crystallographers; however, continued development of new tools is necessary. Toward this end a Java application capable of running in CSE-Online, namely the Crystallography Open Database User Interface (CODUI), has been developed, which allows users to search for crystal structures stored in the Crystallography Open Database and Predicted Crystallography Open Database, to export structural data for visualization, or to input structural data in other CSE-Online applications.

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Bassett, W. "Crystallography Explained." Science 260, no. 5116 (June 25, 1993): 1985–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.260.5116.1985-a.

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Grocholski, Brent. "Speedy crystallography." Science 367, no. 6477 (January 30, 2020): 522.9–523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.367.6477.522-i.

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Serquis, Adriana, Laura Baqué, Federico Napolitano, Analía Soldati, and Diego Lamas. "Crystallography for teachers." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C1042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314089578.

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In this work we present and analysis of the influence of workshop activities performed in our city regarding the dissemination of crystallographic science in all educational levels. The organized workshops in honor of the IYCr are aimed to introduce crystallography to elementary and high schools teachers. The main goal is to improve teachers' knowledge in crystal formation and its techniques. This will allow teachers to elaborate laboratory projects that include crystallography principles according to their own students' level and to encourage the participation in the national and international crystal growing competition. Topics: 1. Introduction to crystallography 2. Atomic structure, chemical bonds and periodic table 3. Types of crystalline solids: metallic, ionic and covalent 4. Crystalline systems 5. Introduction to structure determination using X-ray diffraction 6. Crystal growing

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Desiraju, G. R. "Crystallography and Geopolitics." Science 343, no. 6175 (March 6, 2014): 1057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1252187.

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Bacchi, Alessia, Nicola Corriero, Annalisa Guerri, Andrea Lenco, Chiara Massera, and Francesco Punzo. "Crystallography at your door." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C1033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314089669.

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The idea at the basis of the project 'Crystallography at your door' is to associate crystallography with cultural, artistic, and natural beauty by creating a virtual list of `Crystallographic sites in Italy'. One of the challenges that science in general has to face is to increase awareness of the impact that research has on daily life, culture and history. In addition, crystallography is not a discipline generally known to public, and while the words chemistry, physics, biology immediately bring to people at least some memories of lessons at high schools, crystallography remains an obscure term. However the natural beauty of crystals related to their regular shape, symmetry, colours has since the dawn of humankind fascinated people; even nowadays concepts related to crystals are widely used in marketing to convey to the buyers the idea of cleanliness, purity and freshness of many products, that are not necessarily related to crystalline materials. On the wave of IYCr2014 the Italian Crystallographic Association promotes initiatives to bring people closer to crystallography [1]; one of these is aimed at stimulating people to look around for places where crystallography may be seen 'in action' in all its facets: mines, saltworks, historical places related to the work of crystallographers, museums, and most of all buildings or masterpieces of art where symmetry has been exploited to create beauty. Italy has a unique strength in the artistic and cultural heritage fields; in the last years the public awareness towards the richness of Italy in this area has been growing and has being fostered by media and public institutions. A list of 'italian crystallographic sites' has been compiled and is being continuously extended on the IYCr2014 italian website[1]; it will be advertised at tourist offices and an applet for smartphones will be implemented.

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Warren, Anna, Lynne Thomas, and Claire Murray. "Crystallography for the People." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C1045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314089542.

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The British Crystallographic Association (BCA) has engaged in public outreach projects over the past two years, aimed at communicating the basic principles and applications of crystallography to the general public, especially in light of the Bragg Centenary Celebrations and the International Year of Crystallography. Based on an activity developed by the Young Crystallographers group of the BCA called "The Structure of Stuff is Sweet", we have developed a pack which can be used as a walk-up stand at science fairs and festivals, workshops and as science busking in pubs. The activities all focus on highlighting the relevance of crystallography to everyday life and are eye-catching to attract an audience. The biggest of the activities has been the UK Big Bang Fair which took place in both March 2013 and March 2014 in London and Birmingham, respectively. This is a very large science fair for schools and families to learn about different aspects of Science and Engineering, with over 75,000 people attending. The Science and Technology Facilities Council in the UK and the BCA funded a crystallography stand in collaboration with Diamond and ISIS. The stand had appeal to both young and old alike, and there was the opportunity to make unit cells from marshmallows, crystallise lysozyme, and to learn about the principles of diffraction using a lego beamline! We had a team of around 40 volunteers from Universities and institutions across the UK covering biological, chemical and physical crystallography. An outline of the events, pictures and comments from participants are presented, as well as our plans for future events building on these foundations to further strengthen the BCA's engagement with the wider community and to raise the profile of crystallography in the public domain. Please come to the poster to find out more about the BCA, and what we do.

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Guerri, Annalisa, Giovanna Scapin, and Paola Spadon. "The International School of Crystallography: an example of continuing education." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C1274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314087257.

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2014 has been declared by UNESCO the International Year of Crystallography. Following the declaration, many initiatives have flourished with the intent of spreading the science and culture of crystallography, since among the major objectives of the IYCr2014 are increase of public awareness on the science of crystallography, promotion of education and research in all fields of crystallography and fostering of international collaborations. The International School of Crystallography is an internationally recognized meeting that was started in 1974 by Prof. Riva di Sanseverino, with the similar goals of promoting high level crystallographic education, scientific exchanges and collaborations. In 2014 the school celebrates its 40th year of activity. During these forty years, courses have been held on many different topics addressing all aspects of crystallography, from crystal growth theory to practical applications in drug discovery to the use of cutting edge technologies; students and teachers have been brought together in an environment that fostered high level scientific discussions as well as unique interpersonal relationships. Many of the students moved on to become well known personality in the crystallographic community, while retaining collaborations and friendships started during the School. Through these years the School teaching methods have also evolved, taking advantage of the fast technological progress of the past 10 years or so. The School offers both traditional lectures and practical computer-based workshops, to guarantee the students not only a theoretical background, but also hands-on experiences on applied crystallography. The dedication of the organizers and lecturers, the unconditioned support of the local staff, and the unique location of the School have made it a great success and a very popular meeting for generations of crystallographers.

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Liu, Hongwei, and Jiangwen Liu. "SP2: a computer program for plotting stereographic projection and exploring crystallographic orientation relationships." Journal of Applied Crystallography 45, no. 1 (December 13, 2011): 130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889811049582.

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Stereographic projection is one of the most powerful research tools for crystallography in materials science. A new program for full operation of stereographic projections and in-depth exploration of crystallographic orientation relationships is described. It is specifically designed for materials researchers who are in need of tools for extensive crystallographic analysis. The difference from other popular commercial software for crystallography is that this program provides new options for users to plot and fully control stereographic projections of an arbitrary pole centre for an arbitrary crystal structure and to illustrate composite stereographic projections, which are necessary to explore the orientation relationships between two phases. The program is able to perform a range of essential crystallographic calculations.

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Vittal, Jagadese. "IYCr outcome in SE Asia." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C1292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314087075.

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Crystallography has been extensively practiced in a number of Asian countries such as India, China, Japan, S. Korea, Taiwan, Australia, New Zealand and Singapore, and to a lesser extent in Malaysia and Thailand for decades, but not in many parts of South East Asia. The International Year of Crystallography (IYCr 2014) provided an opportunity to reach out some of these countries to initiate or intensify the crystallographic activities in terms of workshops, conferences, crystal growing competition, etc. As a part of this initiative, the IUCr with the help of the Asian Crystallographic Association contacted various academicians and researchers in Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia and Fiji to increase the awareness of the science of crystallography through various activities, to promote education and research in crystallography and to inspire young people through hand-on demonstration in school, among the activities planned in 2014. The speaker will collate the details of these activities and present in his talk. He will also discuss details of the Crystal Growing Challenge in Singapore among the other activities planned to celebrate IYCr 2014 in Singapore.

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Barinaga, M. "The missing crystallography data." Science 245, no. 4923 (September 15, 1989): 1179–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.2781276.

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Teeter, Martha. "The International Year of Crystallography in the Americas." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C1317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314086823.

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The American Crystallographic Association has focused its celebration of IYCr principally on outreach to spread the message of the importance of crystallography in our daily lives and to attract young people into science. We have formed an Ad Hoc Task Force, representing 13 geographical regions of 100-200 members each to develop our goals, to coordinate events and to enable specific activities. Key to our activities are a website which offers an attractive link for young scientists, projects and teaching tools for schools, biographies of important crystallographers, an adopt a crystallographer link, and video and crystal growing contests. We have continued to send scientists to Latin America for training workshops and assist Latin Americans in attending the ACA meetings. In order to create a lasting legacy for the International year, we have worked closely with national organizations such as in the US the National Science Teachers Association, the American Chemical Society, the American Institute of Physics, as well as student outreach groups like the Society for Physics Students. Forging an ongoing relationship with these organizations will aid our continuing outreach. Similar organizational contacts have been made in Canada and in Latin America. Working with national organizations can also help to influence the political climate for science funding.

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Ngome Abiaga, Jean-Paul. "UNESCO activities in Africa for the 2014 International Year of Crystallography (IYCr)." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C1289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314087105.

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Following the United Nations General Assembly (Decision A/66/L.51) declaration of 2014 as the International Year of Crystallography (IYCr2014), UNESCO and IUCr received a strong mandate to coordinate the activities of the Year in order to tackle the global disaffection from science and scientific careers, namely in crystallography, that threatens scientific enterprise innovation and sustainability and, consequently, the prospects for using science for development, especially in Africa. In addition, the crystallography capacity-gap between the wealthiest and the poorest regions of the world is increasing due to brain drain, the weakness of local expertise, the absence of linkage between science policy and the regional community of crystallographers, as well as the lack of inclusion of Africa in international scientific cooperation. For developing countries in Africa, it is therefore vital to be in a position to exploit the opportunities that crystallography and the IYCr2014 offer in terms of building, nurturing and maintaining a critical mass of highly qualified, innovative scientists, students and engineers in crystallography-related fields. For all those reasons, UNESCO seizes the opportunities presented by the International Year to foster crystallography education, research and cooperation and its use and applications, which are providing solutions to some of the developmental challenges that Africa is facing today. Some of the UNESCO/IUCr flagships initiatives echoing to this strategy are both the IUCr-UNESCO OpenLabs (a network of operational crystallographic laboratories) in Africa and the Regional Summit meeting in Bloemfontein, South Africa.

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Gražulis, Saulius, Amy Alexis Sarjeant, Peter Moeck, Jennifer Stone-Sundberg, Trevor J. Snyder, Werner Kaminsky, Allen G. Oliver, et al. "Crystallographic education in the 21st century." Journal of Applied Crystallography 48, no. 6 (October 13, 2015): 1964–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576715016830.

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There are many methods that can be used to incorporate concepts of crystallography into the learning experiences of students, whether they are in elementary school, at university or part of the public at large. It is not always critical that those who teach crystallography have immediate access to diffraction equipment to be able to introduce the concepts of symmetry, packing or molecular structure in an age- and audience-appropriate manner. Crystallography can be used as a tool for teaching general chemistry concepts as well as general research techniques without ever having a student determine a crystal structure. Thus, methods for younger students to perform crystal growth experiments of simple inorganic salts, organic compounds and even metals are presented. For settings where crystallographic instrumentation is accessible (proximally or remotely), students can be involved in all steps of the process, from crystal growth, to data collection, through structure solution and refinement, to final publication. Several approaches based on the presentations in the MS92 Microsymposium at the IUCr 23rd Congress and General Assembly are reported. The topics cover methods for introducing crystallography to undergraduate students as part of a core chemistry curriculum; a successful short-course workshop intended to bootstrap researchers who rely on crystallography for their work; and efforts to bring crystallography to secondary school children and non-science majors. In addition to these workshops, demonstrations and long-format courses, open-format crystallographic databases and three-dimensional printed models as tools that can be used to excite target audiences and inspire them to pursue a deeper understanding of crystallography are described.

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Nam, Ki-Hyun. "Approach of Serial Crystallography II." Crystals 11, no. 6 (June 9, 2021): 655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11060655.

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Serial crystallography (SX) is an emerging X-ray crystallographic method for determining macromolecule structures. It can address concerns regarding the limitations of data collected by conventional crystallography techniques, which require cryogenic-temperature environments and allow crystals to accumulate radiation damage. Time-resolved SX studies using the pump-probe methodology provide useful information for understanding macromolecular mechanisms and structure fluctuation dynamics. This Special Issue deals with the serial crystallography approach using an X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) and synchrotron X-ray source, and reviews recent SX research involving synchrotron use. These reports provide insights into future serial crystallography research trends and approaches.

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Masciocchi, Norberto, Simona Galli, and Antonietta Guagliardi. "Report on the MISSCA 2013 International Crystallographic Conference." Powder Diffraction 29, no. 1 (February 19, 2014): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715613001371.

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Early in September 2013, only a few months away from the International Year of Crystallography (2014), nearly 230 scientists from more than 15 different Countries gathered in Como, for an International Conference co-organized by the Italian, Spanish, and Swiss Crystallographic Associations, presenting their most recent crystallographic results in variety of fields, in basic and applied Science. This brief account highlights the topics discussed during the conference, and the future of the European crystallographic research, with its relevance to distinct fields of physics, chemistry, biology, materials, and earth science, as well as in preservation of cultural heritage.

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Derewenda, Zygmunt S. "On wine, chirality and crystallography." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 64, no. 1 (December 21, 2007): 246–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767307054293.

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As the first centennial of X-ray diffraction is inevitably drawing closer, it is tempting to reflect on the impact that this fascinating discipline has had on natural sciences and how it has changed the world we live in. Also, next year is the 160th anniversary of the fateful April afternoon when Louis Pasteur separated D- from L-tartrate crystals, an event that many science historians recognize as the birth of stereochemistry, and the first step that the barely nascent field of crystallography took on the road to elucidate a fundamental phenomenon of chemistry and biology – chirality. Many great minds – Pasteur, Van 't Hoff, Fischer, Lord Kelvin, the Braggs, Astbury and Bijvoet, to mention just a few – contributed along the way. But one central inanimate character was there at all times – an inconspicuous somewhat obscure organic compound found in wine: tartaric acid. This is the story of its contribution to science.

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Fanwick, Phillip. "Small-molecule crystallography and science – II." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 75, a1 (July 20, 2019): a64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767319099355.

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Abad-Zapatero, Celerino, Jill Campbell, and Gregory Gerhardt. "Crystallography on Stage: Presenting the Concepts and History Dramatically." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C1036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314089633.

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From Christopher Marlowe's Doctor Faust (1604) to Oxygen (2000) by Carl Djerassi and Roald Hoffmann, there is a long tradition of dramatic work related to science and scientist. More recently, the enormously successful Copenhagen (1998) by Michael Frayn's and a wave of new plays about scientific themes such as Arcadia, Wit, After Darwin and others have created new dramatic phenomenon. These works are not the conventional documentary-dramas about scientific discovery but engaging plays. A recent book entitled Science on Stage (1) reviews more than a hundred plays presenting scientific themes on stage. Beginning in 2005, a play was developed with the objective of conveying the concepts and history of crystallography to large audiences in a dramatic setting. The script centers on the mural drawn by Picasso in 1950 at the flat of the iconic crystallographer J.D. Bernal, during his historical meeting with the world-famous artist. The main characters discuss the concepts of crystallography and explore the interconnections between Science and Art. The script has had several readings in academic settings (University of Illinois at Chicago, 2007; Barcelona, Zaragoza, Spain, 2008). The première staged reading of the play was produced at Argonne National Laboratory on May 4th2008. Details can be found at http://www.aps.anl.gov/Users/Meeting/2008/Picasso/index.php. The project has developed from an initial script entitled `Picasso Meets Crystallography' emphasizing the concepts and history of crystallography to the more dramatically-rich version entitled `Bernal's Picasso', which explores the relationships between Science and Art and is intended for wider theater audiences. The presentation will discus the history of the project with vignettes of previous performances, its multiple facets and its future development as a novel way to convey crystallography to wider audiences, and to explore in a dramatic context the role of crystallography in today's society

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Hodeau, Jean-Louis. "Using the crystallography history as a tool for crystallography and science education." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 69, a1 (August 25, 2013): s249—s250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767313097845.

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Lavine, Marc S. "Crystallography of sensitive materials." Science 359, no. 6376 (February 8, 2018): 648.7–649. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.359.6376.648-g.

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Maynard-Casely, Helen, and Neeraj Sharma. "Crystallography365 and Crystals in the City: IYCr 2014 activities in Australia." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C1308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314086914.

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Reflecting the strong heritage of crystallographic research in Australia, we wish to present two of the public outreach projects that are underway down-under to celebrate International year of crystallography 2014. A project that is already up and running is Crystallography365 - Blogging a crystal structure a day at http://crystallography365.wordpress.com/. Gathering a group of, principally students and early career researchers based in Australia, each day during 2014 a different crystal structure will be presented and described. The goals of the project is to present the wide range of uses crystal structures have to a broad spectrum of sciences, and to provide an outlet for this group of scientists to engage with International Year of Crystallography. The other (hopefully bigger) project is Crystals in the city will run 9th-30 August 2014 (coinciding with National Science Week in Australia). A partnership between ANSTO and University of New South Wales, it will bring a public display of 10-15 person-size crystal structure models exhibited in cities around Australia. The goal is that the crystal structures will `reflect' their surroundings and instil pride among the public in the crystallographic achievements of Australian science. Accompanying the exhibition will be website, where the public can find more about each of the structures and students can learn of studying opportunities. The project will also unite a host of supporters and sponsors; universities, museums and crystallographic groups.

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Višnjevac, Aleksandar, and Stanko Popović. "2014 - The international year of crystallography in Croatia." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C1319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s205327331408680x.

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"Croatian Crystallographic Association (under the auspices of Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts - CASA) and Croatian Association of Crystallographers (CAC, a legal, non-profit entity), conduct numerous activities to celebrate the IYCr2014 in Croatia. International workshop ""Hot Topics in Contemporary Crystallography"" in Šibenik, held from 10th to 15th of May, 2014, gathered 27 young crystallographers and 6 speakers, the OC chair being A. Višnjevac. Scientific meeting ""Contemporary Crystallography in Croatia"", dealing with the present studies and perspectives, will be held in Zagreb, on September 30th, 2014, with the presentation of 20 papers and participation of more than 50 scientists. Proceedings of the Meeting will be printed and published. English-Croatian Dictionary of Crystallography, Solid State Physics and Materials Science, containing 1650 terms, will be published during 2014 by the Institute of the Croatian Language and Linguistics. The authors are S. Popović, A. Tonejc and M. Mihaljević. A review ""Hundred years of Crystallography"" in the journal Chemistry in Industry was published by B. Kojić-Prodić and K. Molčanov [1]. Another review, ""Chemical Crystallography before X-ray Diffraction"" was published by K. Molčanov and V. Stilinović [2]. The lecture ""IYCr2014 – one hundred years of exploring the world of atoms"" was presented by S. Popović before the CASA in Zagreb, on November 20th, 2013. ""Nikola Tesla, scientist and inventor, and the discovery of X-rays"" was the title of a lecture presented by S. Popović at the Meeting ""The Scientific and Technological Legacy of Nikola Tesla"" organized by the CASA in Zagreb, on December 17th, 2013. CAC is organizing a series of popular lectures on crystallography in professional societies and in secondary schools in Croatia. The newest project is the ""Crystal growing competition"" conducted by E. Meštrović. Finally, CAC is especially proud to organize the ECM29 in Rovinj, Croatia, in August 2015."

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31

Service, R. F. "IMAGING:X-ray Crystallography Without Crystals." Science 285, no. 5427 (July 23, 1999): 509a—511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.285.5427.509a.

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Meyer, T. E. "Crystallography of a Photocycle Intermediate." Science 281, no. 5385 (September 25, 1998): 1961f—1961. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.281.5385.1961f.

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33

Garcia-Granda, Santiago, and Laura Roces. "IYCr2014: Ongoing Activities around the ECA area." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C1300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314086999.

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As the International Year of Crystallography is going on, the crystallographic community is actively involved in a number of activities and events to connect crystallography and society. The European Area, where the seminal discoveries took place, combines the traditional out-reach activities carried out during the last few years with several new activities to make crystallography and crystallization attractive to the public in general. The crystal growing competitions, involving high schools, organized since 2008 in Spain, are in 2014 very popular in the ECA Area. Since 2011, a Summer Scientific Campus has been held at the University of Oviedo in which the students develop a research project that incorporates crystallography as the core theme (X-Ray diffraction in the Forensic Science, Crystallisation and Mineralogy Workshops) [1]. An extension of that is the Spanish program for IYCr2014 "Science, Crystals and Society" [2]. For the European activities, the ECA Executive Committee created the IYCr2014 Coordination Committee, to gather initiatives in the ECA area and to be a link with the IUCr worldwide supervision of IYCr2014. "Discovering", "Getting involved" and "Communicating" are the three key points to connect scientists and society. The main objective of this project is to integrate and disseminate the science of crystallography into the European society, particularly among students, boosting the European dimension of the Project. "Discovering", "Getting involved" and "Communicating" are the three key points that will connect scientists and society. This European platform (http://www.iycr2014.eu) and the associated social networks content are the European links between crystallography and society using a number of tools: A dedicated IP/TV, ITunesU Chanel, or the Google Course Builder tool platform. Acknowledgements: Financial support from Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad de España (MAT2010-15094, Factoría de Cristalización–Consolider Ingenio 2010) and ERDF.

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Dawe, Louise. "Holistic Integration of Crystallography in Undergraduate Chemistry." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C1384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s205327331408615x.

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One of the criteria for the evaluation of undergraduate instructors by their students is often "Did the instructor stimulate my interest in the subject matter of the course?" Instillation of passion in science for undergraduates can start with passionate instructors. It was with this reasoning, and the impetus of the International Year of Crystallography, that I undertook the holistic redesign of a required third year Honours course on Chemical Literature and Scientific Communication at Wilfrid Laurier University, in Waterloo, ON, Canada. The course outcomes were based on recommendations for information literacy [1], and included the analysis of complex ethical problems, understanding the organization of the library, and the demonstration of critical thinking by evaluation of information from literature, and with help from university librarians and learning services, the broad exploration of crystallography was integrated throughout. The students were then tasked to share their new skills in communication, and knowledge of crystallography, in a public poster conference, attended by 400 first year science undergraduates. This talk will highlight the impact of peer-share crystallographic education, as well as other integral activities in first year introductory and senior inorganic chemistry courses.

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Desenfant, Anthony, Alexandre Bily Pierre Girardeau, Pierre Schefler Mathieu Bertrand, David Riassetto Nicolas Ruty, Thibaud David, Dominique Cornuejols, Francoise Vauquois, et al. "Crystallography history, a tool for science education." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C1041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s205327331408958x.

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To introduce Crystallography to the Public, we have organized the crystallography exhibition "Journey into the crystal" in 2009, a "Laue Symposium" in 2012 and a "Bragg symposium, Crystallography for life" in 2013. For the IYCr2014 we have created a set of multilingual hands-on travelling exhibitions to be used in different communities and particularly in emerging countries (in Africa, South America, Asia,...). In addition, we create a set of multilingual tools and other educational material like games to come with these exhibition presentations. A voyage of discovery: Based on this travelling exhibition, we can take visitors on a journey of discovery of matter, but also on a journey through time to the beginnings of crystallography. The public discover why crystal puzzles people so much, why it is so useful to science and why it plays such an important role in our daily lives. With crystallography the public can discover, for example: -1- The myths surrounding diamonds including the surprising fact that diamonds will burn like graphite. Thanks to crystallography, the answer lies in the structure of their chemical bonds. -2- How, in the 18th and 19th centuries, scientists still managed to imagine the architecture of crystals, even though they could not use X-rays to see inside them. -3- Here, use a laser as a source of the light to explain `diffraction and learn how the 1895 discovery of the mysterious "X-Rays" inspired the work of Laue and the Braggs, father and son, making it possible to "journey" into the heart of a crystal. -4- The discovery of DNA and the use of crystallography to understand the biological world and thus the secret of life. This knowledge has greatly contributed to the development of new drugs and thus to the expansion of the pharmaceutical industry. -5- Play with card games or mosaics to understand easily the concepts of periodicity and atomic order and see the explanation of crystal's shape and symmetry. -6- Cultivate crystals,... the specific qualities of crystals make them key materials in many applications and we must take our time to make large crystals...

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Oberti, Roberta, Serena Tarantino, Michele Zema, Marco Milanesio, Rita Berisio, Anna Moliterni, and Carlo Mealli. "ECS1@IYCr2014: Conveying a vision of modern crystallography." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C1311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314086884.

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The first edition of the ECA European Crystallography School (ECS1), to be held in Pavia (Italy) during the course of IYCr2014, has found good balance between two apparently diverging goals: (i) to help students and young researchers to find their way in modern science, while keeping a special focus on the molecular and crystalline structure to interpret properties and functionality of materials; (ii) to raise the social and academic awareness of the great advances that crystallography has allowed and will allow to many branches of sciences. Students may choose between two formulae, i.e. a 6-day course with lectures and hands-on sessions held by renowned scientists, covering the state-of-the-art of crystallographic methods, theories and applications, at the same time indicating their future perspectives and cutting-edge aspects, or a 10-day Erasmus Intensive Programme, including a 3-day preparatory course and granting 3 ECTS credits. IYCr2014 is a unique opportunity to stimulate and ignite widespread interest in crystallography; therefore, some frontier seminars will be open to University faculty members, students, and to the general public. Efforts will be made to create a nice and friendly environment, with the goal to provide chances for future collaborations. Students will be invited to bring a poster showing their research results, projects or scientific interests. This will allow students to discuss their ideas with experienced crystallographers and favour aggregation. The programme received good support from scientific institutions and vendors, and a great response from the students: more than 110 pre-registrations from 33 countries were already received at the time this abstract was prepared, showing that there is a real need for both fundamental and advanced teaching in crystallography. We hope that this format will be continued and improved so as to provide a stable, periodic rendezvous for students and researchers under the common theme of crystallography.

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ROBINSON, A. L. "Doing Crystallography in Six Dimensions." Science 228, no. 4697 (April 19, 1985): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.228.4697.314-a.

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Funk, Michael A. "Bright future ahead for crystallography." Science 373, no. 6558 (August 26, 2021): 977.10–979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.373.6558.977-j.

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39

Arnold, Lois. "The Bascom-Goldschmidt-Porter Correspondence 1907 to 1922." Earth Sciences History 12, no. 2 (January 1, 1993): 196–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.12.2.g7148vr132v48vg4.

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Florence Bascom (1862-1945) was a USGS field geologist who trained a subsequent generation of earth scientists at Bryn Mawr College. Recent literature on the history of women in science has identified several of them, including Ida Ogilvie, Eleanora Bliss Knopf, Anna Jonas Stose, and Julia Gardner. By contrast, Mary W. Porter (1886-1980), who went on to become a crystallographer at Oxford, is virtually unknown. Both Bascom and Porter studied crystallography in the laboratory of Victor Goldschmidt (1853-1933) at the University of Heidelberg. A fifteen-year segment of the decades-long correspondence among these mutual friends reveals the personal significance of Goldschmidt, his wife, and Porter to Bascom; the enabling roles that Bascom and Goldschmidt played in the education of Porter, who had had little formal schooling; and some effects of the First World War on the science of crystallography in Germany, England, and the United States.

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Bausch, A. R. "Grain Boundary Scars and Spherical Crystallography." Science 299, no. 5613 (March 14, 2003): 1716–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1081160.

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41

AMATO, I. "Proposing a Flip Side For Crystallography." Science 255, no. 5050 (March 13, 1992): 1355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.255.5050.1355.

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42

Ruan, C. Y. "Ultrafast Electron Crystallography of Interfacial Water." Science 304, no. 5667 (April 2, 2004): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1094818.

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43

Pérez-Huerta, Alberto, Maggie Cusack, and Paul Dalbeck. "Crystallographic contribution to the vital effect in biogenic carbonates Mg/Ca thermometry." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 102, no. 1 (March 2011): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755691011010036.

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ABSTRACTThe processes involved in vital effects, defined as biological processes overriding environmental signals, are not well understood and this hampers the interpretation of environmental parameters such as seawater temperature. Insufficient knowledge is available about changes in physico-chemical parameters, in particular those related to crystallography, associated with biomineral formation and emplacement. This paper assesses the influence of crystallography on Mg2+ concentration and distribution in calcite biominerals of bivalved marine organisms, mussels and rhynchonelliform brachiopods, and considers the implications for Mg/Ca thermometry. In the mussel Mytilus edulis, changes in Mg2+ are not associated with crystallography; but in the brachiopod Terebratulina retusa, increases in Mg2+ concentrations (∼0·5–0·6 wt. ) are associated with the {0001 planes of calcite biominerals. A comparison between mussels and brachiopods with avian eggshells, which form at constant ambient temperature, also reveals that there is at least a common 0·1 wt. variation in magnesium concentration in these calcite biomineral systems unrelated to temperature or crystallography. Results demonstrate that the integration of contextual crystallographic, biological and chemical information may be important to extract accurate environmental information from biominerals.

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44

Hodeau, Jean-Louis, and René Guinebretiere. "The experience of theVoyage dans le cristaltravelling museum exhibition." Journal of Applied Crystallography 48, no. 4 (July 8, 2015): 1276–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s160057671501064x.

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Crystallography is little known to the public, even though it underpins much of the research into matter in physics, chemistry, new materials and life sciences. On the one hand, crystallography is present in almost every field of scientific or technical activity and also in innovative applications. On the other hand, the origins of crystallography started with humanity's interrogation and interaction with crystals in prehistoric times, which has continued to the present day. These two `views' can be used to focus public interest on crystallography and show children and students the importance of the scientific approach. As an example, this article describes the travelling exhibitionJourney into the crystal, which presents to the general public the science and the beauty of matter in the crystalline state. This exhibition takes visitors on a journey of discovery about matter, but also on a journey through time to the beginnings of crystallography.

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TSUKIHARA, Tomitake. "Protein Crystallography for Progress in Life Science." Nihon Kessho Gakkaishi 61, no. 3 (August 31, 2019): 168–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5940/jcrsj.61.168.

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TASHIRO, Kohji. "Contribution of Computer Science in Polymer Crystallography." Kobunshi 54, no. 12 (2005): 890–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/kobunshi.54.890.

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Helliwell, John R. "Science of crystal structures: highlights in crystallography." Crystallography Reviews 23, no. 3 (March 2, 2017): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0889311x.2017.1295039.

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48

Hodeau, Jean-Louis. ""The Experience of ""Voyage dans le cristal"" Travelling Museum Exhibition"." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314099720.

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Crystallography is little-known to the public, even though it underpins much of research into matter in physics, chemistry, new materials and life sciences. On one side, crystallography is present in almost every field of scientific or technical activity and innovative applications. On the other side, origins of crystallography start from humanity's interaction and interrogation with crystals from prehistoric times to the present day. We can use these two characteristics to focus interest large publics on crystallography and show young pupils and students the importance of the scientific approach. To introduce Crystallography to a large public in the World, scientists and scientific organisations from the Steering Committee for the International Year of Crystallography in France and from the Grenoble "100 years of crystallography" group, have joined forces to create a set of multilingual hands-on travelling exhibitions. The complete version of this exhibition exists in English, French and Spanish and is planned in Arabic, Russian, and several other languages. For smaller events, a short version of this exhibition already exists in Flemish, French, Russian, Swedish, Arabic, English, Slovakian and many other languages. Now, they are taking to the road and several destinations have been programmed for 2014 in Africa, Asia, Europe and America. This travelling exhibition entitled "Journey into the Crystal" takes visitors on a journey of discovery of matter – but also on a journey through time to the beginnings of crystallography. Through this Journey into the Crystal, the public discover why crystal intrigues people so much, why it is so useful to science and why it plays such an important role in our daily lives. Learn about the birth of crystallography and the multiple facets of crystals: · An object of beauty · An object for science that brings us essential knowledge about matter · A contemporary object with numerous applications.

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Matthews, Brian W. "Crystallography in the Life Sciences." Crystallography Reviews 2, no. 3 (June 1990): 133–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08893119008032953.

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Glykos, Nicholas M., and Michael Kokkinidis. "GraphEnt: a maximum-entropy program with graphics capabilities." Journal of Applied Crystallography 33, no. 3 (June 1, 2000): 982–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889800004246.

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A maximum-entropy formalism aimed at the production of a `maximally noncommittal' map is a standard method in fields of science like radioastronomy, but a rare exception in both X-ray crystallography and electron microscopy (or crystallography). This is rather unfortunate, given the wealth of information that a maximum-entropy map can reveal, especially when the map itself is the end product (for example, low-resolution electron or potential density maps, Patterson functions, deformation maps). The programGraphEntattempts to automate the procedure of calculating maximum-entropy maps, with emphasis on the calculation of difference Patterson functions for macromolecular crystallographic problems, while providing a useful graphical output of the current stage of the calculation.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Science / Crystallography'

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