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Anjarsari, Putri. "The Common Science Misconceptions in Indonesia Junior High School Students." Journal of Science Education Research 2, no. 1 (April 17, 2018): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jser.v2i1.19329.
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Identifying and correcting the mistake that students make about science concept is very important. The main purpose of this article is to analyse some publications about common science misconceptions in some science topics in junior high schools. Misconceptions are erroneous perceptions of what is universally accepted. The misconception identification in this research is based on the descriptive research using some journal publications in Indonesia university which is held science education study program. Study found that : the concept of photosynthesis, respirations, the relationship of photosynthesis and respirations, force (action and reaction forces) , and Newton laws are most frequently investigated as misconceptions of science. Students’ interest and learning environments are some reasons of students’ misconceptions.
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Šlekienė, Violeta, and Loreta Ragulienė. "THE ANALYSIS OF PUPILS’ PRE-SCIENTIFIC NOTIONS AND SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS ABOUT MOTION AND FORCES." GAMTAMOKSLINIS UGDYMAS / NATURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION 3, no. 2 (August 15, 2006): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.48127/gu-nse/06.3.17a.
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The issue of the study. Our precondition was that non-scientific notions formed by pupils affect concept teaching. If non-scientific notions are in conformity with the content of scientific concepts the teacher should rely on them forming new concepts, explaining natural phenomena, etc. It contributes to the concept comprehension efficacy. In case non-scientific notions are in collision with the content of scientific concepts they should be corrected as in that case they interfere with the formation of scientific concepts. The goals of research. The goals of the research were: 1) to clarify the interaction of pre-scientific notions and scientific concepts about motion and forces; 2) to evaluate the comprehension of concepts by those pupils who had studied physics and to clarify changes in concept understanding and typical errors that had remained after systematic study. Methodology of research. The research was carried out in year 2004. 700 pupils of 7th and 9th forms from the schools of Siauliai, Kaunas, Telsiai district, Kelme district and young physicists’ school “Fotonas” have been involved in the research. Group I included 7th formers (265 pupils), who had not studied physics as a separate subject but had elementary knowledge of physics from the course “World Science” (1st – 4th forms) and the integrated course of natural sciences “Nature and Man” (5th – 6th forms). Group II consisted of 9th form pupils (540), who have been studying physics for three years. The same questions and tasks adapted to the pupils’ age and previous knowledge were given to each group. The concepts from the topics “Force” were included. The tasks included elementary knowledge of the researched concepts familiar to pupils from both groups, but exact and correct answers were given by the 9th formers who had already analysed the topics. Besides, aiming for better evaluation of knowledge in physics, pupils of Group II answering the questions had to formulate proper definitions of the concepts or laws. A discussion method was used to clarify pupils’ thinking procedures. The received data was processed using statistical research methods. Results of research. It was stated during the research that before starting a systematic study of physics pupils had had pre-scientific notions. A number of incorrect notions on motion and force were revealed. In many cases pre-scientific notions were typical and in a way understandable for pupils. Pre-scientific notions often are retained even after purposeful teaching, and in some time or situations they turn out to be even more distinct and convincing than the scientific ones. It has been stated that pupils reproduce concept definitions without any efforts, but in a definite situation they base solutions of a definite task on misleading notions. Very often pupils understand the content of some concepts in a wrong way, do not make distinction between concepts and confuse functional relations of concepts. They are already able to indicate the features of a concept, but are not able to separate essential and inessential concepts. Key words: concept, pre-scientific images, motion, force, and typical mistakes.
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Antoniadis, Ioannis A., Stratis A. Kanarachos, Konstantinos Gryllias, and Ioannis E. Sapountzakis. "KDamping: A stiffness based vibration absorption concept." Journal of Vibration and Control 24, no. 3 (May 4, 2016): 588–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546316646514.
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The KDamper is a novel passive vibration isolation and damping concept, based essentially on the optimal combination of appropriate stiffness elements, which include a negative stiffness element. The KDamper concept does not require any reduction in the overall structural stiffness, thus overcoming the corresponding inherent disadvantage of the “Quazi Zero Stiffness” (QZS) isolators, which require a drastic reduction of the structure load bearing capacity. Compared to the traditional Tuned Mass damper (TMD), the KDamper can achieve better isolation characteristics, without the need of additional heavy masses, as in the case of the T Tuned Mass damper. Contrary to the TMD and its variants, the KDamper substitutes the necessary high inertial forces of the added mass by the stiffness force of the negative stiffness element. Among others, this can provide comparative advantages in the very low frequency range. The paper proceeds to a systematic analytical approach for the optimal design and selection of the parameters of the KDamper, following exactly the classical approach used for the design of the Tuned Mass damper. It is thus theoretically proven that the KDamper can inherently offer far better isolation and damping properties than the Tuned Mass damper. Moreover, since the isolation and damping properties of the KDamper essentially result from the stiffness elements of the system, further technological advantages can emerge, in terms of weight, complexity and reliability. A simple vertical vibration isolation example is provided, implemented by a set of optimally combined conventional linear springs. The system is designed so that the system presents an adequate static load bearing capacity, whereas the Transfer Function of the system is below unity in the entire frequency range. Further insight is provided to the physical behavior of the system, indicating a proper phase difference between the positive and the negative stiffness elastic forces. This fact ensures that an adequate level of elastic forces exists throughout the entire frequency range, able to counteract the inertial and the external excitation forces, whereas the damping forces and the inertia forces of the additional mass remain minimal in the entire frequency range, including the natural frequencies. It should be mentioned that the approach presented does not simply refer to discrete vibration absorption device, but it consists a general vibration absorption concept, applicable also for the design of advanced materials or complex structures. Such a concept thus presents the potential for numerous implementations in a large variety of technological applications, whereas further potential may emerge in a multi-physics environment.
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BRÄNNBACK, MALIN, ALAN CARSRUD, and MAIJA RENKO. "EXPLORING THE BORN GLOBAL CONCEPT IN THE BIOTECHNOLOGY CONTEXT." Journal of Enterprising Culture 15, no. 01 (March 2007): 79–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495807000058.
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Purpose: The purpose of this research paper is to explore what constitutes being "born global." We approach the born global phenomenon by applying ideas presented in existing international entrepreneurship, business, and marketing literatures. In addition, the paper illustrates how market orientation is a relevant construct for understanding the existence of born global firms. Market orientation is contrasted with science driven strategies in young, technology based firms and in both domains. In markets as well as in science, both global and local forces influence the behavior of new biotechnology based companies. Methodology: This paper uses mixed methods including interviews and multiple industry cluster surveys. Qualitative data is analyzed by categorizing and combining data (thematic interviews). Numeric (quantitative) survey data is summarized by using non-parametric statistics. Findings: Young ventures in a global biotechnology based industry simultaneously face forces that drive them towards localization and other forces that require a more global approach. Even though both the markets of biotechnology products as well as the science base are increasingly global, this paper suggests that true born globals must do more than passively adapt to this global scene. Born global firms should pursue active, market oriented strategies in their internationalization. Since our sample firms typically perceive international market orientation as less valuable that international scientific reputation, we conclude that they do not always fulfill the "born global" criteria.
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Sarkity, Dios, and Putri Dwi Sundari. "The ability of Junior High School Science Teacher in Solving The Problems of Torque." Jurnal Geliga Sains: Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika 8, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jgs.8.2.73-85.
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Understanding the concept is an important aspect of solving various physics problems. Understanding the concept will help in understanding the problems, determining problem-solving strategies, and using mathematics appropriately as a problem-solving tool. Lack of conceptual understanding results in the tendency to solve problems by relying solely on formulas without knowing the proper use of formulas according to the underlying concepts of the problem. Various problems related to rotational motion can be explained through the concept of torque. To solve the problem of torque, understanding the concept of torque and mastering the concept of vectors are needed to find solutions to the problems Many of the science teachers have a background in physics education. Science teachers who are a bachelor of physics education should master various physics concepts even though the material is not taught at the junior high school level. Therefore, the authors conducted research to determine the ability of science teachers with an education background in physics education in solving the problems of torque. The study involved 10 science teachers who teach in 10 different schools. This research was a descriptive study with data collection techniques in the form of a questionnaire using an essay question to test the science teacher's ability in solving the problems of torque. The results showed that most of the participants could not solve the problem of torque due to a lack of understanding of the concept in determining the torque generated by forces with various positions.
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Brill, Keith F. "Revisiting an Old Concept: The Gradient Wind*." Monthly Weather Review 142, no. 4 (March 27, 2014): 1460–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-13-00088.1.
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Abstract The gradient wind is defined as a horizontal wind having the same direction as the geostrophic wind but with a magnitude consistent with a balance of three forces: the pressure gradient force, the Coriolis force, and the centrifugal force arising from the curvature of a parcel trajectory. This definition is not sufficient to establish a single way of computing the gradient wind. Different results arise depending upon what is taken to be the parcel trajectory and its curvature. To clarify these distinctions, contour and natural gradient winds are defined and subdivided into steady and nonsteady cases. Contour gradient winds are based only on the geostrophic streamfunction. Natural gradient winds are obtained using the actual wind. Even in cases for which the wind field is available along with the geostrophic streamfunction, it may be useful to obtain the gradient wind for comparison to the existing analyzed or forecast wind or as a force-balanced reference state. It is shown that the nonanomalous (normal) solution in the case of nonsteady natural gradient wind serves as an upper bound for the actual wind speed. Otherwise, supergradient wind speeds are possible, meaning that a contour gradient wind or the steady natural gradient wind used as an approximation for an actual wind may not be capable of representing the full range of actual wind magnitude.
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MERAR, Djamel Ben, and Nassera MELLAH. "RASING FORCES: PATTERNS OF REDISTRIBUTION OF POWER IN WORLD POLITICS." RIMAK International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 03, no. 06 (July 1, 2021): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.6-3.15.
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This article examines Rising Powers: Patterns of Power Redistribution in Global Politics, by creating a reliable framework for understanding the increasing complexities of the actors in the international arena. This is by studying the concept of power, which is one of the basic concepts in political science, whereby force imposes its logic on the curves of international relations and has multiple forms due to its complex nature. In what can be considered dual roles and reciprocal interactions, and to understand the dimensions, manifestations and nature of the actors in the power equation, especially the emergence of tensions and conflicts between the interests of the United States of America and the emerging powers in the world in light of the new strategic directions after the Cold War and each party's attempt to dominate areas of influence and wealth Proceeding from a pragmatic geopolitical policy.
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Ramano, Gilbert. "The South African Army concept for providing combat-ready forces." African Security Review 8, no. 5 (January 1999): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10246029.1999.9627760.
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CAVADAS, BENTO. "FROM THE CONTRACTING EARTH TO CONTINENTAL DRIFT: WEGENER'S INFLUENCE ON PORTUGUESE AND SPANISH SCIENCE TEXTBOOKS THROUGH THE TWENTIETH CENTURY." Earth Sciences History 38, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 74–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/1944-6178-38.1.74.
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ABSTRACT Alfred Wegener's work on continental drift profoundly influenced the development of geology during the twentieth century. The main objective of this historical research is to explore how Wegener's hypothesis about the origin of continents and oceans influenced Portuguese and Spanish science textbooks published in the twentieth century. For this purpose, a qualitative method based on the Chevallard's concept of didactic transposition was used. The didactic transposition of the fundamentals of continental drift, including displacements forces and geographical, geophysical, geological, paleontological, biological, and paleoclimatic arguments used by Wegener to support this hypothesis, was studied in a comprehensive sample of twenty science textbooks published after the publication of Die Entstehung der Kontinente und Ozeane (Wegener 1915). The analysis of textbooks shows that the didactic transposition of continental drift was commonly present in Portuguese and Spanish textbooks beginning in the 1930s, although, with different degrees of development. Science textbooks since the 1950s presented the displacement forces of sial continental blocks proposed by Wegener, namely the centrifugal force of Earth's rotation and the attractive gravitational force that results from the interaction of the earth with the moon and sun. The geographical, geological, paleontological and biological arguments supporting continental drift were commonly addressed in many science textbooks, followed by the paleoclimatic arguments. The geophysical arguments were briefly addressed in only two textbooks. Many Portuguese and Spanish textbooks also presented critiques of Wegener's work, mainly focused on the lack of explanation for the origin and nature of forces that could move continents at the Earth's surface.
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Guzzardi, Luca. "Ruggiero Boscovich and “the Forces Existing in Nature”." Science in Context 30, no. 4 (December 2017): 385–422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889717000266.
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ArgumentAccording to a long-standing interpretation which traces back to Max Jammer'sConcepts of Force(1957), Ruggiero G. Boscovich would have developed a concept of force in the tradition of Leibniz's dynamics. In his variation on the theme, basic properties of matter such as solidity or impenetrability would be derived from an interplay of some “active” force of attraction and repulsion that any primary element of nature (“point of matter” in Boscovich's theory) would possess. In the present paper I discuss many flaws of this interpretation and argue for an alternative point of view, according to which the crucial aspect in the development of Boscovich's natural philosophy is his early definition of forces as “mathematical determinations” to have a certain state of motion. This is consistent with a Newtonian background and has as its epistemological consequence a certain agnosticism about the nature of forces and a “mathematical neutralism” (mathematics as a neutral tool, allowing for a plurality of interpretations).
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Boinovich, L. B., and A. M. Emelyanenko. "Progress in the Science of Surface Forces: From the Concept of Disjoining Pressure to Modern Nanotechnologies." Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A 94, no. 3 (March 2020): 496–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s003602442003005x.
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MISBAHUDDIN, MISBAHUDDIN. "KONSEP PENDIDIKAN IBNU MASKAWAIH DAN IBNU KHALDUM." DIDAKTIKA 11, no. 1 (June 20, 2019): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.30863/didaktika.v11i1.159.
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The concept of Ibnu Maskawaih's education about the power and humanity of human thinking, he conclude that in humans there are three forces, they are: an-nafs al-bahimiyah (animal passions) is worse force, an-nafs as-sabu’iyah (lust beast) in the middle force, and an-nafs an-nathiqiyah (intelligent soul) is good force. His concept of moral education is the obligatory education for each individual to sharp the power and capabilities of the human. According to his concept, environment will affect the education. Then, a good environment is the environment in which there is a harmonious relationship between all the components that exist in the environment. The concept of Ibn Khaldun's education about the power and ability of human thought that he laid the ratio (reason) at its central point. With human ratio, human can think and can produce science. In the process of education, morality is very important, therefore it cannot educate in a violent manner. Therefore, his thinking challenged the environment that the environment greatly influenced the human in carrying out his social function in the midst of society.
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Akyarli, A., and Y. Arisoy. "The Concept of the Optimum Alignment of Discharge Pipelines Due to the Minimization of the Wave Forces." Water Science and Technology 25, no. 9 (May 1, 1992): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0222.
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As the wave forces are the function of the wave height, period and the angle between the incoming wave direction and the axis of the discharge pipeline, the resultant wave force is directly related to the alignment of the pipeline. In this paper, a method is explained to determine an optimum pipeline route for which the resultant wave force becomes minimum and hence, the cost of the constructive measures may decrease. Also, the application of this method is submitted through a case study.
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Shai, Offer, and Gordon R. Pennock. "A Study of the Duality Between Planar Kinematics and Statics." Journal of Mechanical Design 128, no. 3 (October 12, 2005): 587–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2181600.
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This paper provides geometric insight into the correlation between basic concepts underlying the kinematics of planar mechanisms and the statics of simple trusses. The implication of this correlation, referred to here as duality, is that the science of kinematics can be utilized in a systematic manner to yield insight into statics, and vice versa. The paper begins by introducing a unique line, referred to as the equimomental line, which exists for two arbitrary coplanar forces. This line, where the moments caused by the two forces at each point on the line are equal, is used to define the direction of a face force which is a force variable acting in a face of a truss. The dual concept of an equimomental line in kinematics is the instantaneous center of zero velocity (or instant center) and the paper presents two theorems based on the duality between equimomental lines and instant centers. The first theorem, referred to as the equimomental line theorem, states that the three equimomental lines defined by three coplanar forces must intersect at a unique point. The second theorem states that the equimomental line for two coplanar forces acting on a truss, with two degrees of indeterminacy, must pass through a unique point. The paper then presents the dual Kennedy theorem for statics which is analogous to the well-known Aronhold-Kennedy theorem in kinematics. This theorem is believed to be an original contribution and provides a general perspective of the importance of the duality between the kinematics of mechanisms and the statics of trusses. Finally, the paper presents examples to demonstrate how this duality provides geometric insight into a simple truss and a planar linkage. The concepts are used to identify special configurations where the truss is not stable and where the linkage loses mobility (i.e., dead-center positions).
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Gao, Xiaochun, Shin-Min Song, and Chun Qi Zheng. "A Generalized Stiffness Matrix Method for Force Distribution of Robotic Systems with Indeterminancy." Journal of Mechanical Design 115, no. 3 (September 1, 1993): 585–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2919230.
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Foot forces in walking machines and finger forces in multi-fingered grippers are usually indeterminate due to the multi-closed-chain geometry of the systems. While many methods were proposed to solve the force distribution of such systems, a method called stiffness matrix method [2] was developed based on the concept that the force must satisfy the equations of material deformations. However, only leg compliances were considered in the stiffness matrix method. In this paper, the stiffness matrix method is generalized to include all the major system compliances, i.e., those of legs (fingers), actuators and terrain (object to be grasped). Based on the developed generalized stiffness matrix method, an example of foot force analysis of a quadruped is presented to demonstrate the effects of different system compliances on the foot forces.
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Meadwell, Hudson. "Explanations without causes and causes without reasons." Social Science Information 49, no. 4 (December 2010): 539–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018410378284.
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Action is a central category in the social sciences. It is also commonplace to assume that the social world has a causal structure. Yet standard ways of specifying causal relations in social science lack explanatory force when the subject matter is intentional action. The present article considers this problem. The metaphysics of action are distinguished from the metaphysics of intentional action, and it is argued that the former forces an implausible unity on the actions of inanimate nature and of rational agents. Agency in the metaphysics of action adds nothing to state-variable causation. Agency in the metaphysics of intentional action, in contrast, is argued to have a different structure, not reducible to state-variable causation. Work on endogenous choice in social science suggests that the concept of agency that is on view in literature on selection effects and social generation implies the metaphysics of intentional action. Recent research in the philosophy of action is considered in order to specify the structure of intentional action and the force of intentional explanations.
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Parker, J. K., and F. W. Paul. "Controlling Impact Forces in Pneumatic Robot Hand Designs." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 109, no. 4 (December 1, 1987): 328–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3143862.
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Robot hands capable of applying controllable forces to a wide variety of objects would increase the number of robotic applications in manufacturing. One frequently overlooked part of the force control problem is the initial impact between the robot hand “finger” and the object. Experimentally determined impact forces for a variety of hand fingertip and object surface stiffnesses are presented. Impact forces predicted from low order, lumped parameter linear models are also presented for comparison. These results are used to justify velocity control as the means for reducing impact forces. Minimum time optimal control of a robot hand finger with a zero final velocity constraint would give rapid grasping with zero impact force between the finger and object. Experimental and numerical optimal control results for a pneumatically actuated finger are presented. A proof-of-concept robot hand which implements a “near-optimal” control strategy for grasping objects at imprecisely known locations is presented and discussed with experimental results.
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Fang, Ferric C., and Arturo Casadevall. "Lost in Translation—Basic Science in the Era of Translational Research." Infection and Immunity 78, no. 2 (December 28, 2009): 563–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01318-09.
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ABSTRACT The concept of translational research, which aims to facilitate the application of basic scientific discoveries in clinical and community settings, is currently in vogue. While there are powerful forces driving this trend, support for translational research must be accompanied by a robust investment in basic science, which provides the essential raw material for translation and continues to represent humanity's best hope to meet a wide range of public health challenges.
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Lindstedt, Stan L., Trude E. Reich, Paul Keim, and Paul C. LaStayo. "Do muscles function as adaptable locomotor springs?" Journal of Experimental Biology 205, no. 15 (August 1, 2002): 2211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.205.15.2211.
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SUMMARYDuring normal animal movements, the forces produced by the locomotor muscles may be greater than, equal to or less than the forces acting on those muscles, the consequences of which significantly affect both the maximum force produced and the energy consumed by the muscles. Lengthening (eccentric)contractions result in the greatest muscle forces at the lowest relative energetic costs. Eccentric contractions play a key role in storing elastic strain energy which, when recovered in subsequent contractions, has been shown to result in enhanced force, work or power outputs. We present data that support the concept that this ability of muscle to store and recover elastic strain energy is an adaptable property of skeletal muscle. Further, we speculate that a crucial element in that muscle spring may be the protein titin. It too seems to adapt to muscle use, and its stiffness seems to be`tuned' to the frequency of normal muscle use.
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Bussotti, Paolo. "THE CONCEPT OF INERTIA: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH." Journal of Baltic Science Education 20, no. 1 (February 5, 2021): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/jbse/21.20.04.
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“Every body perseveres in its state of rest, or of uniform motion in a right line, unless it is compelled to change that state by forces impressed thereon” (p. Newton 1846, p. 83). This is the famous first axiom or law of motion stated by Newton in his masterpiece The Mathematical principles of natural philosophy (ivi). Everywhere, in the courses of physics at the high school level the inertia principle is the first to be taught. However, there are many doubts that most of learners fully grasp its numerous and fundamental nuances, which are necessary for a satisfying introduction to physics. Therefore, I propose an interdisciplinary approach for the explanation of this principle in which history of science and analysis of the daily experiences are joined to offer a complete comprehension of the concept of inertia.
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Mativenga, P. T., and K. K. B. Hon. "An Experimental Study of Cutting Forces in High-Speed End Milling and Implications for Dynamic Force Modeling." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 127, no. 2 (April 25, 2005): 251–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1863254.
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The characteristics of high-speed machining (HSM) dynamic milling forces was investigated. Recent studies in chip segmentation are discussed. A Mikron 700 High-Speed Machining Center was used in the end-milling of AISI H13 tool steel using PVD TiN coated two flute micrograin carbide tools. Dynamic force signals were studied using a real-time data acquisition system for spindle speeds from 3,750 to 31,500 rpm for a 6 mm dia tool. Frequency domain studies were also carried out for a larger tool of 12 mm dia for spindle speeds between 10,000 and 40,000 rpm. The trend and frequency domain aspects of the dynamic forces were evaluated and discussed. The fundamental concept of modeling cutting forces based on chip morphology is revisited. A new basis for modeling dynamic forces from the static component and harmonic contributions is presented. This approach for modeling the dynamic HSM force signal accounts for secondary harmonics.
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Hayati, Hasti, David Eager, Ann-Marie Pendrill, and Hans Alberg. "Jerk within the Context of Science and Engineering—A Systematic Review." Vibration 3, no. 4 (October 21, 2020): 371–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vibration3040025.
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Rapid changes in forces and the resulting changes in acceleration, jerk and higher order derivatives can have undesired consequences beyond the effect of the forces themselves. Jerk can cause injuries in humans and racing animals and induce fatigue cracks in metals and other materials, which may ultimately lead to structure failures. This is a reason that it is used within standards for limits states. Examples of standards which use jerk include amusement rides and lifts. Despite its use in standards and many science and engineering applications, jerk is rarely discussed in university science and engineering textbooks and it remains a relatively unfamiliar concept even in engineering. This paper presents a literature review of the jerk and higher derivatives of displacement, from terminology and historical background to standards, measurements and current applications.
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Torop, Peeter. "Semiosphere and/as the research object of semiotics of culture." Sign Systems Studies 33, no. 1 (December 31, 2005): 159–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sss.2005.33.1.06.
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Since 1984 when J. Lotman’s article “On semiosphere” was published, this concept has been moving from one terminological field to another. In the disciplinary terminological field of the Tartu–Moscow School semiotics of culture, ‘semiosphere’ is connected with terms ‘language — secondary modelling system — text — culture’. From interdisciplinary terminological fields, the associations either with biosphere and noosphere, or with logosphere, are more important. As a metadisciplinary concept, semiosphere belongs to the methodology of culture studies and is associated with the concepts of holism and the part and the whole. In this context, semiosphere marks the complementarity of disciplines studying culture, the movement towards the creation of general culture studies and “understanding methodology”. On the background of the contemporary trends of science it has to be remembered that semiosphere is simultaneously an object- and a metaconcept. The dynamism of culture as a research object forces science to search for new description languages but the new description languages in turn influence the cultural dynamics as they offer new possibilities for selfdescription. Often, however, from a historical perspective, a new description language is nothing but a methodological translation. Thus also the term semiosphere joins together several concepts that are related to semiotics of culture and that have gained new relevance on the background of the culture’s developmental dynamics. The concept of semiosphere brings semiotics of culture again into contact with its history, as it also brings applicational cultural analysis into contact with the history of culture and with the newest phenomena in culture. These contacts determine the place of the semiotics of culture among the sciences studying culture.
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Huang, Zhen, and Roman Boulatov. "Chemomechanics with molecular force probes." Pure and Applied Chemistry 82, no. 4 (March 31, 2010): 931–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-09-11-36.
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Chemomechanics is an emerging area at the interface of chemistry, materials science, physics, and biology that aims at quantitative understanding of reaction dynamics in multiscale phenomena. These are characterized by correlated directional motion at multiple length scales—from molecular to macroscopic. Examples include reactions in stressed materials, in shear flows, and at propagating interfaces, the operation of motor proteins, ion pumps, and actuating polymers, and mechanosensing. To explain the up to 1015-fold variations in reaction rates in multiscale phenomena—which are incompatible within the standard models of chemical kinetics—chemomechanics relies on the concept of molecular restoring force. Molecular force probes are inert molecules that allow incremental variations in restoring forces of diverse reactive moieties over hundreds of piconewtons (pN). Extending beyond the classical studies of reactions of strained molecules, molecular force probes enable experimental explorations of how reaction rates and restoring forces are related. In this review, we will describe the utility of one such probe—stiff stilbene. Various reactive moieties were incorporated in inert linkers that constrained stiff stilbene to highly strained macrocycles. Such series provided the first direct experimental validation of the most popular chemomechanical model, demonstrated its predictive capabilities, and illustrated the diversity of relationships between reaction rates and forces.
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Gorelik, Gennady. "The Origin of the Concept of Nuclear Forces. Laurie M. Brown , Helmut Rechenberg." Isis 89, no. 4 (December 1998): 751–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/384211.
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Gell, K., and W. Wittke. "A new design concept for arch dams taking into account seepage forces." Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering 19, no. 4 (1986): 187–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01039995.
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Quirk, JP, and RS Murray. "Towards a model for soil structural behavior." Soil Research 29, no. 6 (1991): 829. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9910829.
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Clay particle interaction as mediated by water is considered within the context of attractive and repulsive inter-particle forces-van der Waals forces, ion correlation forces responsible for the potential minimum between Ca-clay particles, cation hydration, ion induced structural forces and diffuse double layer forces especially in relation to the threshold concentration concept. In relation to diffuse double layers, the surface potentials, as determined by co-ion exclusion, are shown to be near constant with respect to concentration. Consideration is also given to the nature of the matrix within which the interparticle forces operate, that is the domain and quasicrystal entities. The particle separations within these entities are defined by the application of the Kelvin equation to the low temperature N2 desorption isotherms. The close agreement between the surface areas obtained from the application of the BET equation to the nitrogen adsorption isotherm and the areas obtained from the desorption isotherms leads to the concept of intrinsic failure; that is the presence of pores external to domains and quasicrystals which permit ready access to the total surface area. The role of electrolyte concentration in controlling the permeability of sodic soils (the threshold concentration concept) is reviewed and discussed with respect to recent studies on the behaviour of red-brown earth soils. At a macroscopic level some consideration is given to the role of oxides and organic matter in stabilizing soil aggregates against slaking. The interaction of rainfall, structure and wheat yield for red-brown earth soils is discussed in terms of a critical rate of wetting which causes incipient failure. In relation to incipient failure the hypothesis is advanced, that the role of organic mater in protecting against slaking, is in strengthening coarse pores; it appears that the pores involved are those with a high probability of continuity and which are responsible for the rapid attainment of field capacity.
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Allgaier, Mareen, Belal Neyazi, Bernhard Preim, and Sylvia Saalfeld. "Distance and force visualisations for improved simulation of intracranial aneurysm clipping." International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery 16, no. 8 (May 29, 2021): 1297–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11548-021-02413-1.
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Abstract Purpose The treatment of cerebral aneurysms shifted from microsurgical to endovascular therapy. But for some difficult aneurysm configurations, e.g. wide neck aneurysms, microsurgical clipping is better suited. From this combination of limited interventions and the complexity of these cases, the need for improved training possibilities for young neurosurgeons arises. Method We designed and implemented a clipping simulation that requires only a monoscopic display, mouse and keyboard. After a virtual craniotomy, the user can apply a clip at the aneurysm which is deformed based on a mass–spring model. Additionally, concepts for visualising distances as well as force were implemented. The distance visualisations aim to enhance spatial relations, improving the navigation of the clip. The force visualisations display the force acting on the vessel surface by the applied clip. The developed concepts include colour maps and visualisations based on rays, single objects and glyphs. Results The concepts were quantitatively evaluated via an online survey and qualitatively evaluated by a neurosurgeon. Regarding force visualisations, a colour map is the most appropriate concept. The necessity of distance visualisations became apparent, as the expert was unable to estimate distances and to properly navigate the clip. The distance rays were the only concept supporting the navigation appropriately. Conclusion The easily accessible surgical training simulation for aneurysm clipping benefits from a visualisation of distances and simulated forces.
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Henry, Sabrina. "Exploring the “continuous combat function” concept in armed conflicts: Time for an extended application?" International Review of the Red Cross 100, no. 907-909 (April 2018): 267–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383119000298.
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AbstractThis paper focuses on the “continuous combat function” concept and proposes to extend its application. First, the article will demonstrate that the continuous combat function concept should be extended to certain members of organized armed groups in cases where those groups do not belong to any of the parties to an international armed conflict and whose actions do not reach the level of intensity required for a separate non-international armed conflict (NIAC) to exist. Secondly, the paper will look at the extension of this concept in order to determine individual membership in State armed forces in the context of a NIAC, while arguing that the notion of “armed forces” should be interpreted differently depending of the nature of the conflict, be it international or non-international.
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Asochakov, Yury. "Post-globalization and new contours of the future Modernity." Telescope: Journal of Sociological and Marketing Research, no. 1 (February 14, 2019): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33491/telescope2019.103.
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This article is intended to discuss the prospects and the ways of constructing a new model of global development in a situation of factual and theoretical uncertainty indicated in social and political science by the concept of post-globalization. It aims at analyzing the critical and theoretical potential of the concept of post-globalization for understanding the direction of shifting the paradigms of conceptualization of the social future. During the last two decades, the discourse of post-globalization exists as an alternative to the triumphant promotion of globalization as a neoliberal / neoconservative ideal for the world’s future in the context of the “end of history”. The post-globalization concept highlighting the limits of the globalization project serves as a possible heuristic tool for transcending its boundaries. But constructing the positive model of the social future requires a new set of concepts – new language – rooted in the driving forces of now-happening historical reality. This research helps to specify the direction of the further inquiry.
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Irawan, Dody. "Rekonstruksi Islamisasi Sains Sebagai Langkah Awal Islamisasi Ilmu." MAWA'IZH: JURNAL DAKWAH DAN PENGEMBANGAN SOSIAL KEMANUSIAAN 10, no. 1 (July 22, 2019): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32923/maw.v10i1.781.
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Muhammad Naquib al-Attas was the first figure who explicitly stated the project of Islamization of knowledge when a conference held in Mecca. In the concept of religion, there are at least several concepts that are contained, namely: faith (belief), Islam (obedience) and Ihsan (integration between heart and mind in good deeds) and all of this, driven by science. Reconstruction of Al-Attas's thinking originated from his concern for the narrowing of meaning to Islamic scientific terms caused by attempts at westernization, mythology, the inclusion of things that are magical and secularism. In line with its strategy of Islamization, al-Attas seems to use the approach of Islamization of science as a springboard to correct modern discipline and purify the sciences that have been contaminated by the ideology of secularism. Knowledge in al-Attas' view is something that is devolved from God to enter into the spirit, then interpreted by the forces that exist in that spirit to the birth of knowledge and forms of symbols or logical proportions or metamatise.
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Silbernagl, Dorothee, Media Ghasem Zadeh Khorasani, Natalia Cano Murillo, Anna Maria Elert, and Heinz Sturm. "Bulk chemical composition contrast from attractive forces in AFM force spectroscopy." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 12 (January 18, 2021): 58–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.12.5.
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A key application of atomic force microscopy (AFM) is the measurement of physical properties at sub-micrometer resolution. Methods such as force–distance curves (FDCs) or dynamic variants (such as intermodulation AFM (ImAFM)) are able to measure mechanical properties (such as the local stiffness, kr) of nanoscopic heterogeneous materials. For a complete structure–property correlation, these mechanical measurements are considered to lack the ability to identify the chemical structure of the materials. In this study, the measured attractive force, Fattr, acting between the AFM tip and the sample is shown to be an independent measurement for the local chemical composition and hence a complete structure–property correlation can be obtained. A proof of concept is provided by two model samples comprised of (1) epoxy/polycarbonate and (2) epoxy/boehmite. The preparation of the model samples allowed for the assignment of material phases based on AFM topography. Additional chemical characterization on the nanoscale is performed by an AFM/infrared-spectroscopy hybrid method. Mechanical properties (kr) and attractive forces (Fattr) are calculated and a structure–property correlation is obtained by a manual principle component analysis (mPCA) from a kr/Fattr diagram. A third sample comprised of (3) epoxy/polycarbonate/boehmite is measured by ImAFM. The measurement of a 2 × 2 µm cross section yields 128 × 128 force curves which are successfully evaluated by a kr/Fattr diagram and the nanoscopic heterogeneity of the sample is determined.
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Lee, Hyeongcheol, and Masayoshi Tomizuka. "Coordinated Longitudinal and Lateral Motion Control of Vehicles for IVHS." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 123, no. 3 (March 24, 1998): 535–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1386395.
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This paper presents a systematic design of the combined control of vehicle longitudinal and lateral motions for the Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS). A fully coordinated control of the steering and the accelerating/braking actions is presented to maximize the ability of distributing the traction forces in a desired way. This control method covers a broad range of driving condition by removing several conventional simplification on vehicle dynamics, such as the linearized lateral traction force assumption, the bicycle model assumption, and the non-slip assumption. The nominal traction force concept is also introduced to handle the unknown traction forces. Robust Adaptive Control (RAC) by backstepping for MIMO nonlinear systems is utilized to control the unmatched nonlinear vehicle dynamics, in the presence of parametric uncertainties and uncertain nonlinearities.
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Safaei, Mohsen, Sylvain Dupre, Elias Hoummadi, and Steven R. Anton. "Design, analysis, and fabrication of a piezoelectric force tray for total knee replacements." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 30, no. 20 (October 5, 2019): 3163–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x19880003.
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Force plates have been widely adopted in biomechanical gait analysis to measure reaction forces and the center of pressure. In this work, the force plate concept is miniaturized and extended for use within the polyethylene bearing insert of a total knee replacement. A simplified rectangular-shaped force plate with multiple integrated piezoelectric sensors, including designs with six and eight transducers, is presented in this work. The performance of the sensory system is investigated through finite element analysis and experimental validation. Initially, the ability of the two designs in sensing compartmental forces and contact point locations on one side of the force plate is numerically investigated. Selected designs of the force plate are then fabricated and used to experimentally validate the performance of the system. The results show a maximum error of less than 6% and 4.5% in compartmental force amplitude sensing for the force plates with six and eight transducers, respectively. The force plates were able to detect the contact point location with maximum errors of less than 1 mm. The relatively small sensing error quantities show the potential of using a piezoelectric force plate sensor design in total knee replacement as well as other force sensing applications.
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Weaver, Timothy. "Urban crisis: The genealogy of a concept." Urban Studies 54, no. 9 (March 31, 2016): 2039–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098016640487.
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The term ‘urban crisis’ emerged in the USA in the 1950s. Ever since the term came into popular use, it has been mobilised to advance a range of political and economic interests. Utilising a genealogical approach, this article traces the evolution, uses and abuses of the concept. It suggests that the various meanings attached to the term are rooted in two overarching frameworks. While one finds the origins of urban crisis in structural, primarily material, forces, the other sees the crisis as grounded in culture and immorality. The article argues that the concept was deployed in the 1950s and 1960s to justify government intervention of various sorts to stimulate economic growth. However, it finds the fiscal crises of the 1970s gave rise to a dominant understanding of urban crisis that promoted the spread of urban neoliberalism.
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Hughes, Thomas. "Shaped Technology: An Afterword." Science in Context 8, no. 2 (1995): 451–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026988970000209x.
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The informative and engaging essays in the foregoing collection suggest several interesting concepts that deserve further research and reflection. Over the past decade, the “social construction of technology” has become a concept often explored by historians (Bijker, Hughes, and Pinch 1987). Even though it has performed the useful function of discrediting technological determinism, the concept suggests too narrow a set of influences that shape technology. Two other concept, “nature-shaped technology” and “culture-shaped technology,” convey the character of technology more effectively. To designate “nature” as a shaper of technology reminds us that in a relatively prisine world the designer of technology negotiates with natural forces more than with human-built ones. To see culture as a shaper of technology suggests a broader range of influences affecting technology, not simply the social. “Shaping” conveys the notion of influence and avoids that of determinism better than “construction.”
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Macintyre, Thomas, Tatiana Monroy, David Coral, Margarita Zethelius, Valentina Tassone, and Arjen EJ Wals. "T-labs and climate change narratives: Co-researcher qualities in transgressive action–research." Action Research 17, no. 1 (March 2019): 63–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1476750319829203.
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This paper addresses the call for more action-based narratives of grassroot resistance to runaway climate change. At a time when deep changes in society are needed in order to respond to climate change and related sustainability issues, there are calls for greater connectivity between science and society, and for more inclusive and disruptive forms of knowledge creation and engagement. The contention of this paper is that the forces and structures that create a disconnect between science and society must be ‘transgressed’. This paper introduces a concept of Transgressive Action Research as a methodological innovation that enables the co-creation of counter hegemonic pathways towards sustainability. Through the method of the Living Spiral Framework, fieldwork reflexions from the Colombian case study of the international T-Learning project were elicited, uncovering and explicating the transgressive learning qualities needed to respond to climate change. As part of a larger action–research project, this paper combines the arts with the social sciences, demonstrating how the concept of ‘Transgressive Action Research’ can enable co-researchers to engage in disruptive and transformative processes, meeting the need for more radical approaches to addressing the urgent challenges of climate change.
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Araujo, Ione Dos Santos Canabarro, and José Vicente Lima Robaina. "MODELO PADRÃO DE PARTÍCULAS E A REFORMULAÇÃO CONCEITUAL DO MODELO ATÔMICO POR MEIO DE UMA UNIDADE DIDÁTICA VOLTADA PARA PROFESSORES DE CIÊNCIAS." Cadernos de Educação Tecnologia e Sociedade 12, no. 2 (August 6, 2019): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.14571/brajets.v12.n2.120-126.
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. This paper reports the experience of a Didactic Unit (UD) on the Standard Particle Model starting from the limitations of classical physics to explain beta radioactive decay. The work was applied in a bachelor's degree in Nature Sciences: Biology and Chemistry Habilitation (LCN) of the Federal Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre campus, in the last semester of the course. This work aimed to identify the possibilities and operationalities of a UD to work with topics of Modern Physics among science teachers. The specific objectives were to verify the limitations of classical physics to explain certain types of radiation and the need of modern physics to aid in understanding; to familiarize science teachers with models and concepts of Modern Physics. This is a qualitative research, according to Minayo (1993). The data were collected through the researcher's field diary, questionnaires with open questions, mental maps and works developed by the students (called teachers due to graduation proximity proximity). The data were analyzed through Content Analysis, according to Bardin (2011). From the collected data, we can see evidence that the concept of the current atomic model has been reformulated, according to Eisberg and Resnick (1988), that is, the atom is formed by Leptons, hadrons and force-mediating particles, called bosons. The understanding of the current atomic model and of the forces mediating particles has provided theoretical background and clarity for teachers to explain the radiation of nuclear origin and the operation of equipment that perform diagnostic imaging.
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McKenzie, Jessica L., Dillon J. Chung, Timothy M. Healy, Reid S. Brennan, Heather J. Bryant, Andrew Whitehead, and Patricia M. Schulte. "Mitochondrial Ecophysiology: Assessing the Evolutionary Forces That Shape Mitochondrial Variation." Integrative and Comparative Biology 59, no. 4 (July 8, 2019): 925–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icz124.
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Abstract The mitonuclear species concept hypothesizes that incompatibilities between interacting gene products of the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes are a major factor establishing and maintaining species boundaries. However, most of the data available to test this concept come from studies of genetic variation in mitochondrial DNA, and clines in the mitochondrial genome across contact zones can be produced by a variety of forces. Here, we show that using a combination of population genomic analyses of the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes and studies of mitochondrial function can provide insight into the relative roles of neutral processes, adaptive evolution, and mitonuclear incompatibility in establishing and maintaining mitochondrial clines, using Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) as a case study. There is strong evidence for a role of secondary contact following the last glaciation in shaping a steep mitochondrial cline across a contact zone between northern and southern subspecies of killifish, but there is also evidence for a role of adaptive evolution in driving differentiation between the subspecies in a variety of traits from the level of the whole organism to the level of mitochondrial function. In addition, studies are beginning to address the potential for mitonuclear incompatibilities in admixed populations. However, population genomic studies have failed to detect evidence for a strong and pervasive influence of mitonuclear incompatibilities, and we suggest that polygenic selection may be responsible for the complex patterns observed. This case study demonstrates that multiple forces can act together in shaping mitochondrial clines, and illustrates the challenge of disentangling their relative roles.
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Pal, Leslie A. "Relative Autonomy Revisited: The Origins of Canadian Unemployment Insurance." Canadian Journal of Political Science 19, no. 1 (March 1986): 71–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000842390005798x.
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AbstractThe concept of “relative autonomy” is now routinely used by Marxist and non-Marxist students of public policy to describe the state's independence from class forces. A rare attempt to use the concept empirically is Carl J. Cuneo's work on Canadian unemployment insurance (UI) in the 1930s. This article argues that Cuneo focusses too narrowly on class struggle, and thus misses important aspects of Canadian UI policy. Relative autonomy must be more broadly conceived in terms of the state's administrative expertise, fiscal capacity, and jurisdictional divisions. It is constituted within, not outside, the state. The article illustrates these internal forces through a re-examination of the evolution of Canadian UI in the 1930s.
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Goldstein, Joshua S., and Jon C. Pevehouse. "Reciprocity, Bullying, and International Cooperation: Time-series Analysis of the Bosnia Conflict." American Political Science Review 91, no. 3 (September 1997): 515–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2952072.
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Although the role of reciprocity in international cooperation is central to neoliberal institutionalism, empirical understanding of the concept remains weak. We analyze strategic response patterns—the use of reciprocity or inverse response (bullying)—in the Bosnia conflict from 1992 to 1995. We construct weekly time series of conflict and cooperation among the parties to the Bosnia war, using machine-coded events data. Time-series statistical analysis identifies several important patterns of strategic response, both reciprocal and inverse. These include bilateral responses, which are central to the concepts of reciprocity and evolution of cooperation, and triangular responses, which are central to the debates on containment versus accommodation in regional conflicts. Specifically, Serb forces displayed inverse triangular response, cooperating toward Bosnia after being punished by NATO. Outside powers displayed triangular reciprocity, increasing hostility toward Serb forces after Serbian attacks on the Bosnian government.
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Kochubynska, Tamara. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN JOINT FORCE PARTICIPANTS’ SELF-CONCEPT AND SOCIAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL ADAPTATION." PSYCHOLOGICAL JOURNAL 7, no. 4 (April 30, 2021): 144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31108/1.2021.7.4.14.
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Prolonged hostilities on the territory of Ukraine have a destructive effect on the psychological health of the country population, and participants of the joint force operation are particularly affected. In national science, impacts of hostilities on people are studied deeply: participation in the Joint Forces (JF) operation can lead to personality maladaptation, which affects mental health and hinders social adaptation. The consequences of hostilities for people, in particular links between self-concept disharmony and manifestations of socio-psychological adaptation / maladaptation experienced after JF operation participation, need special attention, as its help propose psychological corrective methods to overcoming personal maladaptation of JF operation participants. Many scientific works are devoted to an individual’s self-concept; in particular, its formation and structure were examined in the scientific works of E. Berne, C. Rogers, M. Savchina, O. Furman and others; component composition of self-concept in at early maturity were revealed in the works of G. Kraig; influence of difficult life circumstances on self-concept component composition, in particular, participation in the Joint Forces operation with acquired disabilities, was revealed by I. Chukhriy. An individual’s socio-psychological adaptation was discussed in the scientific works of V. Petrovsky, A. Furman, A. Nalchadjian, J. Piaget, S. Rozum and others. To study the features of JF operation participants’ self-concept and its relationship with the manifestations of socio-psychological adaptation, theempirical study was conducted, the results of which are presented in the article. According to the obtained empirical data, the examined JF operation participants had mainly normative socio-psychological adaptation; but, a third of the participants manifested maladaptive features, such as low tolerance to stress, low adaptability skills, poor socialization, high internal aggression (irritation, suspicion), destructive behaviour (dependence, poor sociability, avoidance of challenges). The disharmonious type of self-concept was shown by one third of the studied participants. This type is associated with manifestations of socio-psychological maladaptation, including personal and situational anxiety, indirect aggression, depression, proneness to conflict. Although the respondents showed the most often good socio-psychological adaptation, those participants who had maladaptation and disharmony of the self-concept need additional attention and psychological assistance.
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R. Zohar, Asnat, and Sharona T. Levy. "Attraction vs. repulsion – learning about forces and energy in chemical bonding with the ELI-Chem simulation." Chemistry Education Research and Practice 20, no. 4 (2019): 667–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9rp00007k.
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This work seeks to solve one of the basic problems in chemistry learning: understanding the chemical bond as a dynamic equilibrium between attractive and repulsive forces. This force-based model is difficult to grasp, as there are no analogues from everyday life for both attractions and repulsions happening simultaneously. In addition, current teaching approaches often mislead by using mainly the ‘octet rule’ heuristic. As a result, students construct naïve models of the chemical bond, usually viewing atoms as solid balls that are attached to each other in order to “achieve an octet.” To represent the force-based dynamics of the bond, we designed the ELI-Chem learning environment. This environment enables interaction as an atom with another atom while observing the underlying forces and the potential energy curve. Our theoretical framework is based on Embodied Learning theory by relating conceptual learning to bodily experiences. The study uses qualitative and quantitative methods with 21 high school chemistry students in a pretest–intervention–posttest design. During a 40 minute activity with the ELI-Chem simulation, students were prompted to discover the underlying forces of bonding and relate them to energy changes. Findings show that learning with the ELI-Chem simulation supports students in gaining the knowledge elements that are required to build the dynamic force-based mental model of chemical bonding, and to conceptualize chemical energy as due to forces. Finally, the design principles of the ELI-Chem environment are discussed. Aligned with science standards, attending to students’ difficulties, and using the advantages of a computer simulation, the ELI-Chem environment provides an appropriate representation of chemical bonding, which is more valid scientifically yet makes the abstract concept accessible.
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Muchtar, Zainuddin, Sri Adelila Sari, Siti Rahmah, Moondra Zubir, Rini Selly, and Marini Damanik. "The implementation for natural science online lecture with chemistry education base at Nurul Fadhillah school Bandar Setia." Jurnal Pendidikan Kimia 13, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/jpkim.v13i1.24212.
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The Covid-19 pandemic forces learning activities to change from classroom learning to online-based learning. Based on the results of the interview, it was found that the teachers at Nurul Fadhilah school did not yet have the readiness to manage online teaching and learning activities, especially in science subjects. The influencing factors are (1) understanding of basic science concepts (physics, chemistry, biology), (2) understanding of systematic online learning management and (3) mastery of Learning Management System (LMS) technology. Therefore, the aim of this activity is to implement LMS technology in the management of online science learning using a basic conceptual approach to chemistry education. LMS is a technology application developed specifically for managing classrooms, distributing learning materials and enabling collaboration between students and teachers online. The LMS used in this activity is Google Classroom. Based on the data, it is known that 65% of the teachers at Nurul Fadhilah School have not managed online science teaching and learning activities using LMS technology. The results of the systematic online science learning management workshop using the basic concepts of chemistry education and the implementation of LMS technology, especially Google Classroom, showed an increase, as many as 80% of teachers have created, designed and managed classes interactively using Google Classroom LMS technology and have integrated the concept of basic chemistry education in science learning. So that students are more happy and comfortable in learning online and are more disciplined in collecting assignments and teachers are more comfortable in managing and evaluating student assignments. Keywords: Natural science, Learning management system, Google classroom
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Chase, Maria Alexis. "Stemming the tide of work-related stress: it’s not rocket science, it’s neuroscience." Development and Learning in Organizations: An International Journal 33, no. 4 (July 1, 2019): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dlo-09-2018-0123.
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Purpose This paper aims to illuminate how the findings from neuroscience, translate into simple, elegant, and easily applied tools which offer highly effective strategies to help stem the rising tide of stress in global work-forces. Design/methodology/approach Focusing on how current working practices inadvertently activate the brains primal survival mechanism, this paper details the brain’s main organizing principle and the negative effect this has on performance and productivity. Findings Exemplifying why, how, and when this automated stress response is triggered, the paper suggests practical, real-world solutions to overcome the primal fight, flight, and freeze mechanism. As this mechanism is responsible for the majority of work-related stress, it discusses the brains capacity to re-wire and change behavioral responses to stress at an individual and organizational level Originality/value This study seeks to introduce the concept of aligning work place practices with biological processes. Hoping to open a debate around shifting cultural perceptions of what constitutes the real well-being of work forces, it offers a unique and fresh perspective into the machinery of the mind.
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Chung, Hun, and John Duggan. "Directional equilibria." Journal of Theoretical Politics 30, no. 3 (July 2018): 272–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0951629818775515.
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We propose the solution concept of directional equilibrium for the multidimensional model of voting with general spatial preferences. This concept isolates alternatives that are stable with respect to forces applied by all voters in the directions of their gradients, and it extends a known concept from statistics for Euclidean preferences. We establish connections to the majority core, Pareto optimality, and existence and closed graph, and we provide non-cooperative foundations in terms of a local contest game played by voters.
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Kuklinova, I. A. "New museology: modern understanding of the concept." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg State University of Culture, no. 3 (44) (September 2020): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.30725/2619-0303-2020-3-68-72.
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New museology as a system of views was formed in the 1980s. It was the result of comprehending the many and remarkably diverse regional experiences of creating new museums. They arose on the initiative of individual communities and actualized the values that were represented by the elements of the heritage of certain groups of the population. This is how museums focused on social relations were born. Even though the main texts of the ideologists of the new museology were published in the fi rst half of the 1990s, interest in it is not diminishing. Many modern specialists again pay attention to the determination of the place of new museums in the history of museum business, considering them as direct heirs of educational projects of the late 18th century. Moreover, recently the question of the research field of museology as a science has been raised again. Evaluation of the ideas of new museology as a system of views forces us to abandon the understanding of this trend only as one of the stages in the development of museology. Researchers are confi dent that it was the new museology, which interpreted museum practice and formed its own system of values, that formed the basis of that broad interpretation of the research fi eld, which is still considered relevant.
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Sweeney, J., T. L. D. Collins, P. D. Coates, A. P. Unwin, and I. M. Ward. "Large Deformations of Semicrystalline Polymer Modeled Using the Necking Network Concept." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 119, no. 3 (July 1, 1997): 228–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2812249.
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Previously, a physically-based elastic model has been used in the modeling of high temperature polymer deformation. While this has been successful in producing realistic shapes and forces in necking polymers, the elastic nature of the theory causes some discrepancies between the predictions and the experimental observations. The theory does not describe the observed rate dependence of drawing forces, and at some stages of deformation the predicted inhomogeneity is greater than is observed. The latter effect is the result of the elastic theory’s ability to change instantaneously from a homogeneous to an inhomogeneous state of strain, corresponding to the development of a neck. In this paper, we model the development of necks in tensile specimens using an extension of the model in which rate dependence has been incorporated in a simple way. The incorporation of rate dependence results in a model of neck development in which the changes in strain are less abrupt and the predicted shapes more realistic. To evaluate the model, specimens of polypropylene were stretched at 150°C and their images captured and analysed digitally. Predictions of the shapes were generated by incorporating the model into the finite element package ABAQUS.
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Kang, Heejoong, and Chang-Ik Zhang. "A Concept and Framework of the Extended Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Assessment Approach Incorporating Other Driving Forces." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 5 (May 18, 2021): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9050545.
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The ecosystem-based fisheries assessment (EBFA) approach to evaluate four management objectives: sustainability, biodiversity, habitat quality, and socio-economic benefits, has been developed in previous studies. The existing EBFA approach is a risk-based assessment framework and was designed to assess the impacts of fisheries on offshore ecosystems. This approach only considers one driving force of wild capture fisheries. However, in coastal ecosystems, there are a number of anthropogenic activities. In this study, we propose an extended EBFA approach that incorporates the effects of capture fisheries and other driving forces, including various human activities and natural processes. This paper focuses on (i) revising the process and equations related to the nested risk indices defined in the existing EBFA approach, and (ii) demonstrating the applicability of the proposed approach by applying it to Uljin coastal waters and comparing the results with the previous case study of the existing EBFA. However, indicators and their relevant reference points have not yet been fully developed—particularly for the tier 1 approach. Hence, further research, especially regarding the reference points, would be required for practical use of the proposed approach.
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Chang, Shu-Hao, and Chin-Yuan Fan. "Scientific or technological driving force? Constructing a system of national innovative capacity." International Journal of Innovation Science 9, no. 2 (June 5, 2017): 170–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijis-01-2017-0001.
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Purpose Innovation plays a pivotal role in a national economy and in the research and development of science and technology. Because the elements, capability and development direction of innovation in various countries are dissimilar, national innovative capacity also varies by country. However, previous studies have predominantly measured national innovative capacity through empirical studies by using a single index of innovation output, ignoring that the forms of innovation are heterogeneous across countries and failing to examine the influence exerted by various innovation models on economic development. Thus, the purpose of this study is to fill this gap by using scientific driving force and technological driving force to present the influence of national innovative capacities on economic development. Design/methodology/approach This study used regression models to test the influence of different national innovative capacities (i.e. scientific and technological driving forces) on economic development and stability. Findings Using the data of 60 countries, this study determined that both scientific and technological driving forces influenced economic development; specifically, scientific driving force affected economic development through technological driving force. Moreover, both research paper quality and patent quality positively influenced economic stability, but patent quality was the mediator. Originality/value This study examined scientific output from both quantitative and qualitative perspectives to determine their influence on economic growth and particularly on economic stability, which lacks dedicated studies. This study strives to bridge this gap in the literature by asserting, from the concept of economic resilience, that high-quality science and technology can strengthen the stability of a country’s economy.