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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Science communication'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 March 2023

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1

Radford, Benjamin. "Misinformation in eating disorder communications| Implications for science communication policy." Thesis, State University of New York at Buffalo, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1546959.

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Though eating disorders are a serious public health threat, misinformation about these potentially deadly diseases is widespread. This study examines eating disorder information from a wide variety of sources including medical journals, news reports, and popular social activist authors. Examples of misinformation were identified, and three aspects of eating disorders (prevalence, mortality, and etiology) were chosen as key indicators of scientific illiteracy about those illnesses. A case study approach was then adopted to trace examples of misinformation to their original sources whenever possible. A dozen examples include best-selling books, national eating disorder information clearinghouses; the news media; documentary feature films; and a PBS television Nova documentary program. The results provide an overview of the ways in which valid information becomes flawed, including poor journalism, lack of fact-checking, plagiarism, and typographical errors. Less obvious—and perhaps even more important—much of the misinformation results from scientific research being co-opted to promote specific sociopolitical agendas. These results highlight a significant gap in science communication between researchers, the medical community, and the public regarding these diseases, and recommendations to address the problem are offered.

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2

Bell, Catherine. "Science with personality: reality science - the future of science communication." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/8746.

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In this sub-thesis I introduce the idea of Reality Science. Reality science involves the telling of personal stories, such as with autobiography, biography, mentoring, documentaries, profiles and public lectures. The importance of reality science in shaping positive stereotypes and perceptions of science is discussed and ways of approaching reality science is given. Reality science can be used to encourage, inspire and inform people of the various roles scientists play and the diversity of science, breaking down stereotypes and normalising science and scientists. Reality science gives us insight into the minds of the scientists and the nature of the science. They inspire people, inform people and create controversy. Reality science is a tool the contemporary scientist can use to encourage new scientists into their field, inform the public about their research in a less typically scientific manner, and inspire their colleagues to do the same. Reality science can contribute to creating a more accurate public perception of science, as more and more realities will create more relevant stereotypes and bridge the gap by creating dialogues; dialogues between author and audience, and between third parties, depending on the type of reality science used. To demonstrate reality science, an artefact is included. This artefact is in the form of a book, and is entitled Colours of the South. This shows how reality science can be used to break down barriers, create new perceptions and encourage engagement with science.
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3

Mason-Wilkes, Will. "Science as religion? : science communication and elective modernism." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2018. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/109735/.

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My central concern in this thesis is how science should be understood by the public. I argue that science should be understood, and valued for, the formative aspirations of the scientific community. The formative aspirations of the scientific community are the values members try to uphold as members of the group, even when this is not always possible. These aspirations are constitutive of the scientific ‘form of life’. I argue that science and religion are distinct forms of life, and through their formative aspirations can be differentiated from one another. Drawing on the theory of Elective Modernism (Collins and Evans 2017), I argue that the formative aspirations of science overlap with democratic values. Media representations of science shape public understanding. Non-fiction television is a ubiquitous and trusted medium for the communication of science. Non-fiction science television programme makers were interviewed to understand the process of science television production: the pressures, tensions and constraints inherent to this process. I analyse representations of science in British non-fiction television programmes and argue that a ‘religious’ portrayal of science can be identified in some programmes. I identify a contrasting ‘secular’ portrayal of science in other programmes. The religious portrayal presents science as providing a definitive creation narrative. In this portrayal scientific knowledge is presented as a set of certain and immutable truths which are revealed by nature with little or no human intervention. In this portrayal science is presented as providing meaning. The secular portrayal’s representation aligns more closely with a sociological understanding of science. In this portrayal scientific knowledge is represented as requiring human skill to produce and as being subject to change, revision and debate. Science in this portrayal is represented as producing both positive and negative outcomes for society. From the perspective of Elective Modernism, if citizens are to properly understand, engage with and value science they need an understanding informed by sociological conceptions of science which emphasise science’s formative aspirations as its defining characteristic. The requirements for the production of an ‘elective modernist’ portrayal of science, one which foregrounds the formative aspirations of science, are discussed. The problematic consequences of the religious portrayal of science are laid out. Presenting science as a religion disguises its formative aspirations. This provides an inaccurate picture of how science works and a widespread (mis)understanding of science as a religion would undermine democratic society.
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4

Lacayo, Virginia. "Communicating Complexity: A Complexity Science Approach to Communication for Social Change." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1367522049.

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5

Ada, Anil. "Communication complexity." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121119.

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Communication complexity studies how many bits a certain number of parties need to communicate with each other in order to compute a function whose input is distributed among those parties. Although it is a natural area of investigation based on practical considerations, the main motivation comes from the myriad of applications in theoretical computer science.This thesis has three main parts, studying three different aspects of communication complexity.1. The first part is concerned with the k-party communication complexity of functions F:({0,1}^n)^k -> {0,1} in the 'number on the forehead' (NOF) model. This is a fundamental model with many applications. In this model we study composed functions f of g. These functions include most of the well-known and studied functions in communication complexity literature. A major goal is to understand which combinations of f and g lead to hard communication functions. In particular, due to important circuit applications, it is of great interest to understand how powerful the NOF model becomes when k is log n or more. Motivated by these goals, we show that there is an efficient O(log^3 n) cost simultaneous protocol for sym of g when k > 1+log n, sym is any symmetric function and g is any function. This class of functions includes some functions that were previously conjectured to be hard and our result rules this class out for possible very important circuit complexity applications. We also give Ramsey theoretic applications of our efficient protocol. In the setting of k < log n, we study more closely functions of the form majority of g, mod_m of g, and nor of g, where the latter two are generalizations of the well-known functions Inner Product and Disjointness respectively. We characterize the communication complexity of these functions with respect to the choice of g. As the main application, we answer a question posed by Babai et al. (SIAM Journal on Computing, 33:137--166, 2004) and determine the communication complexity of majority of qcsb, where qcsb is the "quadratic character of the sum of the bits" function. 2. The second part is about Fourier analysis of symmetric boolean functions and its applications in communication complexity and other areas. The spectral norm of a boolean function f:{0,1}^n -> {0,1} is the sum of the absolute values of its Fourier coefficients. This quantity provides useful upper and lower bounds on the complexity of a function in areas such as communication complexity, learning theory and circuit complexity. We give a combinatorial characterization for the spectral norm of symmetric functions. We show that the logarithm of the spectral norm is of the same order of magnitude as r(f)log(n/r(f)) where r(f) = max(r_0,r_1), and r_0 and r_1 are the smallest integers less than n/2 such that f(x) or f(x)parity(x) is constant for all x with x_1 + ... + x_n in [r_0, n-r_1]. We present some applications to the decision tree and communication complexity of symmetric functions. 3. The third part studies privacy in the context of communication complexity: how much information do the players reveal about their input when following a communication protocol? The unattainability of perfect privacy for many functions motivates the study of approximate privacy. Feigenbaum et al. (Proceedings of the 11th Conference on Electronic Commerce, 167--178, 2010) defined notions of worst-case as well as average-case approximate privacy, and presented several interesting upper bounds, and some open problems for further study. In this thesis, we obtain asymptotically tight bounds on the trade-offs between both the worst-case and average-case approximate privacy of protocols and their communication cost for Vickrey Auction, which is the canonical example of a truthful auction. We also prove exponential lower bounds on the approximate privacy of protocols computing the Intersection function, independent of its communication cost. This proves a conjecture of Feigenbaum et al.
La complexité de communication étudie combien de bits un groupe de joueurs donné doivent échanger entre eux pour calculer une function dont l'input est distribué parmi les joueurs. Bien que ce soit un domaine de recherche naturel basé sur des considérations pratiques, la motivation principale vient des nombreuses applications théoriques.Cette thèse comporte trois parties principales, étudiant trois aspects de la complexité de communication.1. La première partie discute le modèle 'number on the forehead' (NOF) dans la complexité de communication à plusieurs joueurs. Il s'agit d'un modèle fondamental en complexité de communication, avec des applications à la complexité des circuits, la complexité des preuves, les programmes de branchement et la théorie de Ramsey. Dans ce modèle, nous étudions les fonctions composeés f de g. Ces fonctions comprennent la plupart des fonctions bien connues qui sont étudiées dans la littérature de la complexité de communication. Un objectif majeur est de comprendre quelles combinaisons de f et g produisent des compositions qui sont difficiles du point de vue de la communication. En particulier, à cause de l'importance des applications aux circuits, il est intéressant de comprendre la puissance du modèle NOF quand le nombre de joueurs atteint ou dépasse log n. Motivé par ces objectifs nous montrons l'existence d'un protocole simultané efficace à k joueurs de coût O(log^3 n) pour sym de g lorsque k > 1 + log n, sym est une function symmétrique quelconque et g est une fonction arbitraire. Nous donnons aussi des applications de notre protocole efficace à la théorie de Ramsey.Dans le contexte où k < log n, nous étudions de plus près des fonctions de la forme majority de g, mod_m de g et nor de g, où les deux derniers cas sont des généralisations des fonctions bien connues et très étudiées Inner Product et Disjointness respectivement. Nous caractérisons la complexité de communication de ces fonctions par rapport au choix de g.2. La deuxième partie considère les applications de l'analyse de Fourier des fonctions symmétriques à la complexité de communication et autres domaines. La norme spectrale d'une function booléenne f:{0,1}^n -> {0,1} est la somme des valeurs absolues de ses coefficients de Fourier. Nous donnons une caractérisation combinatoire pour la norme spectrale des fonctions symmétriques. Nous montrons que le logarithme de la norme spectrale est du même ordre de grandeur que r(f)log(n/r(f)), avec r(f) = max(r_0,r_1) où r_0 et r_1 sont les entiers minimaux plus petits que n/2 pour lesquels f(x) ou f(x)parity(x) est constant pour tout x tel que x_1 + ... + x_n à [r_0,n-r_1]. Nous présentons quelques applications aux arbres de décision et à la complexité de communication des fonctions symmétriques.3. La troisième partie étudie la confidentialité dans le contexte de la complexité de communication: quelle quantité d'information est-ce que les joueurs révèlent sur leur input en suivant un protocole donné? L'inatteignabilité de la confidentialité parfaite pour plusieurs fonctions motivent l'étude de la confidentialité approximative. Feigenbaum et al. (Proceedings of the 11th Conference on Electronic Commerce, 167--178, 2010) ont défini des notions de confidentialité approximative dans le pire cas et dans le cas moyen, et ont présenté plusieurs bornes supérieures intéressantes ainsi que quelques questions ouvertes. Dans cette thèse, nous obtenons des bornes asymptotiques précises, pour le pire cas aussi bien que pour le cas moyen, sur l'échange entre la confidentialité approximative de protocoles et le coût de communication pour les enchères Vickrey Auction, qui constituent l'exemple canonique d'une enchère honnête. Nous démontrons aussi des bornes inférieures exponentielles sur la confidentialité approximative de protocoles calculant la function Intersection, indépendamment du coût de communication. Ceci résout une conjecture de Feigenbaum et al.
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6

Mahl, Beate. "Environmental Science Communication at Swedish universities." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-180898.

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Given the severe environmental problems we are facing, it is crucial to communicate environmental knowledge to society in order to facilitate a trajectory towards sustainability. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore how departments at Swedish universities, whose research revolves around environmental topics, communicate their research. At four departments at two universities, I examine based on semi-structured interviews (I) with whom and in what ways these departments communicate their research, (II) what the motivations are to do so, and (III) if there are challenges in communicating environmental science. For examining the departments’ communication strategies, I apply the theory of a multi-model framework of expert-public interaction. This multi-model framework, however, proved to be too simplistic for the complexity of reality, as the models underlying this framework are too intertwined, and not competing descriptions of reality. They rather describe specific aspects of communication practices.  The results show that even though there are two-way communication practices with both the government, specific stakeholders, and the general public, the mere dissemination of environmental knowledge seems to be the default practice of science communication at the examined departments - especially concerning the general public. The motivation to communicate environmental knowledge is of intrinsic nature, to give something back to society and to increase awareness about sustainability practices. Discovered challenges in science communication include a general lack of time to effectively communicate research results, as well as deficient education in science communication for researchers.  For transforming into sustainable societies communication strategies need to be improved.
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7

Sousa, Eunice Maria da Silva. "Strategies for the science communication of biodiversity." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/16500.

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Doutoramento em Biologia
The present work aimed to contribute to understand the public perception of biodiversity, to find patterns of biodiversity representation in communication pathways and to promote strategies to modify stereotypes towards biodiversity, creating a more aware and active public through environmental education and citizen science projects. Four studies were developed under the following subjects: 1) understanding young adults preferences about animals, 2) comprehend how biodiversity is portrayed in children’s books from the Portuguese National Reading Plan, 3) evaluating the impact of an environmental education project on the public awareness of ponds and associated biodiversity, and 4) understanding the potential of a Citizen Science approach to map ponds in the Portuguese territory. The results from the various studies showed a limited and distorted public view and awareness about living beings. This was found to agree with the biodiversity portray patterns in children´s trade books, which seem to constitute important sources of information about biodiversity during childhood. The present work also described the implementation and evaluation of a resourceful environmental education strategy that was able to change the public attitudes towards ponds and associated biodiversity, especially the amphibians. Finally, it also showed that the implementation of a Citizen Science action was able to engage citizens in pond conservation actions and create the first map of ponds in Portugal through the use of Volunteer Geographic Information mechanisms. The work used innovative methodologies of data analysis and project impact evaluation that can be useful to future research in science communication.
O presente estudo teve como objectivos contribuir para a compreensão da percepção pública da biodiversidade, encontrar padrões da representação da biodiversidade nos meios de comunicação e promover estratégias para modificar estereótipos acerca da biodiversidade através da utilização da educação ambiental e de projetos de ciência cidadã, criando um publico mais consciente e ativo. Foram desenvolvidos quatro estudos sobre os seguintes assuntos: 1) compreender as preferências dos adolescentes acerca dos animais, 2) perceber como a biodiversidade é retratada nos livros para crianças do Plano Nacional de Leitura, 3) avaliar o impacto de um projeto de educação ambiental dedicado à sensibilização do público sobre os charcos e a biodiversidade associada, e 4) compreender o potencial de uma ação de ciência cidadã no mapeamento de charcos no território português. Os resultados dos vários estudos mostram uma visão limitada e distorcida acerca dos seres vivos por parte do público. Este aspecto está de acordo com o retrato da biodiversidade nos livros para crianças, que parecem constituir uma importante fonte de informação sobre a biodiversidade durante a infância. Este trabalho também descreve a implementação e avaliação de uma produtiva estratégia de educação ambiental que foi capaz de modificar as atitudes do público para com os charcos e a sua biodiversidade, sobretudo em relação aos anfíbios. Finalmente, o presente trabalho também demonstrou que a implementação de uma ação de ciência cidadã foi capaz de envolver os cidadãos em ações de conservação de charcos e criar o primeiro mapa de charcos em Portugal através da utilização de mecanismos de Informação Geográfica Voluntária. O presente trabalho utilizou metodologia inovadora para análise de dados e avaliação de impacto de projetos que podem ser úteis para o futuro da investigação em comunicação de ciência.
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8

Luchina, Anna, and Giacomo Codazzi. "Marketing Communication Strategy for a Science Park." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Företagsekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-30795.

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Background: World economy of the 21st century places high demands on national economic systems. Governments implement various initiatives to enable a more effective cooperation between universities and industries in order to increase competitiveness of their economies. Science Parks represent one type of such initiatives. It is assumed that they support regional economic growth by means of technology transfer from university to industry. Science Parks usually incorporate incubation programs, which enable creation of NTBFs by university staff and students. Science Parks have to ensure its organizational development by providing paid services, especially in form of incubator program. Therefore, Science Parks are regarded in our research as service companies. In order to enable creation of NTBFs Science Parks have to be able to attract talented researchers and students. In our research, we focus on students and consider them as potential customers for Science Parks. Previous research focusing on the problem of students’ attraction to these organizations is scarce. We implement marketing communication theory to address the problem of students’ attraction to Science Parks. Aim: Our research is set to identify content for a marketing communication strategy of a science park, which considers students as potential customers. Theoretical background/Methodology: In order to fulfill the aim of the research we implement case study strategy. We collected primary and secondary data. The case organization is presented by Dalarna Science Park (located in Borlänge, Sweden), where we collected secondary data. It was incorporated in our research as handout materials that enabled Focus Group discussions. Focus groups with students from Dalarna University presented the source of primary data. Question guideline for focus groups was based on principles of marketing communication theory, which we used as the primary theory of the research. Conclusions: Results indicate that students regard business incubator services of a Science Park as useful for those who have business ideas. It can be considered as positive prerequisite for a marketing communication strategy. In order to attract students with ideas of starting own ventures, a Science Park should engage students into various events, such as workshops, discussions and seminars. The organization should constantly inform students about its nature and activities and create an image of a young successful entrepreneur, which students are attracted to. For this purpose a Science Park can use Internet as means of both spreading its messages to students and enabling WOM recommendations among them.
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9

Hubner, Austin Y. "Let's talk about science: The effects of memory on the social transmission of science." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1524162787813551.

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10

Fogg-Rogers, Laura. "Learning from engagement : exploring cultures of science communication at live science events." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2018. http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/35802/.

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This thesis is submitted to meet the requirements of a Doctorate of Philosophy within the field of Psychology. Through a series of nine publications, this body of work aimed to develop a deeper psychological understanding of cultures of science communication at live science events in order to better support audiences and practitioners. Live science events encompass an enormous diversity of activity ranging from science festivals to education outreach in schools. While the scale and audiences may vary, they are all live, in-person programmes aiming to engage the public with science in a social context. Science communication practitioners (including scientists and engineers) and audiences report that live science events provide powerful experiences to engage with science, but empirical measurements of these impacts are sparse. As such, these publications and the associated commentary have sought to advance future research and practice in science communication on this topic. The DPhil had three objectives: to analyse audience perceptions of and needs for engagement formats and learning at live science events; to explore science communication cultures in STEM research environments and live science events; and to evaluate and influence the motivations and perceived self-efficacy of STEM researchers/students taking part in engagement and outreach. Through leading these projects and publishing the results, the candidate has met the requirements of the UWE Doctoral Descriptors. The insights from these projects have proven applicable to both researchers and practitioners in the science communication and science education industries, and will help to drive forward best practice in the field.
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11

Wu, Christopher. "Combinatorial auctions: allocation and communication." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18265.

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An auction is a well-known mechanism for reallocating items between buyers and sellers. An extension of the standard single-item auction is the combinatorial auction where multiple items are handled simultaneously. The focus of this thesis is to address the problem of allocating items in the setting of a combinatorial auction. We consider some of the computational work that has been done in recent years for combinatorial auctions. A fundamental problem in auction theory is how one represents the bidders and their preferences. Another issue is to address the cost of communications between bidders and the auctioneer. The main tool of interest is the structure of the submodular function which has the economic interpretation of decreasing marginal values and has been well-studied since the early 60s. We show some inapproximability results for allocations on submodular functions. Finally, we present some new approximation guarantees for restricted set functions and functions stemming from graph properties.
Une enchère est une procédure bien-connue pour redistribution de biens matériaux entre des vendeurs et des acheteurs. Une extension de l’enchère où plusieurs acheteurs sont en compétition pour un seul itème est l’enchère combinatoire, où plusieurs itèmes sont redistribués simultanément. Ce mémoir a pour but d’adresser le problème de l’allocation de biens dans le contexte d’une enchère combinatoire. Nous considérons les résultats déjà obtenus dans la théorie computationnel des enchères combinatoires. Un problème primordial dans la théorie des enchères est la représentation des enchérisseurs et leurs préférences. Une autre question concerne le coût des communications entre les enchérisseurs et le commissaire-priseur. L’outil principal à ces fins est la structure de la fonction sousmodulaire, qui représente du point de vu économique les valeurs marginales décroissantes. Nous donnons quelques résultats d’inapproximabilité pour les allocations sur des fonctions sousmodulaires. Finalement, nous donnons des nouvelles garanties d’approximation pour des fonctions sur des ensembles restreints et sur des fonctions qui drivent de propriétées de graphes. fr
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12

Kass, Natalie. "Science in the Sun: How Science is Performed as a Spatial Practice." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6657.

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This study analyzes how spatial organization impacts science communication at the St. Petersburg Science Festival in Florida. Through map analysis, qualitative interviews, and a close reading of evaluation reports, the author determines that sponsorship, logistics, exhibitor ambience, and map usability and design are the factors most affecting the spatial performance of science. To mitigate their effects, technical communicators can identify these factors and provide the necessary revisions when considering how science is communicated to the public.
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13

Chinnalong, Saowanee. "Science communication in urban Thailand : issues and challenges." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10439/.

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This thesis examines the key characteristics and challenges of science communication in contemporary urban Thailand. I argue that one key characteristic of science communication in Thailand is the significant role of the Science-Buddhism dialogue in public accounts of science, and I examine the vital role of media in this dialogue for the Thai middle-class. By tracing the history of science communication in urban Thailand, I suggest that the Science-Buddhism dialogue has long been engaged in the Thai cultural landscape, with political meanings since the 19th century. However, I argue that in contemporary Thai society, the key purpose in the dialogue has transformed from political aims to offering comfortable messages about the superiority of Buddhist cosmology. I argue that the dialogue has recently shifted a little: while demonstrating the compatibility between scientific knowledge and Buddhist teachings, and concluding that Buddhism is superior to science, a new highlighted theme is a focus on the individual beliefs of one Western scientist: Albert Einstein. In this thesis, I explore this new highlighted theme in popular depictions of Einstein, developing an understanding of his role in the Thai middle-class view towards science. Clearly Einstein is a scientific world celebrity whose biographies contains many myths created mainly by the American press. However, I show that in the Thai popular account, his fame arose instead from his alleged connections with Buddhism portrayed by the Thai press. I show that Einstein’s supposed commitments to Buddhist teaching are tenuous, and difficult to authenticate. The middle-class and the media’s significant interest towards a Buddhistized Einstein in the Science-Buddhism dialogue is grounded in the Thai public’s interest primarily in non-economic cosmologically-oriented science. This has become a significant challenge for the government trying to engage the middle-class with economic forms of science that can help to develop industrial growth. A key challenge facing the government trying to motivate this indigenous form of Thai economic science by harnessing it to nationalist goals and associations with specific monarchs, is the middle-class’s significant interest in a non-economic view of science based on a Buddhistized Einstein. These challenges have generated an inevitable tension between the government and the middle-class, leading to the government’s perception of the middle-class as being cold to science. I suggest that one possible solution to ease the tension would be for the government to take a less-secular approach toward science by engaging with the Science-Buddhism dialogue to raise it to a more intellectual level. By that means we may hope that the government could succeed in creating a productive indigenous form of Thai science with the middle-class’s support.
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14

Briselli, Jennifer. "Demanufacturing Doubt: A Design Strategy for Science Communication." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2013. http://repository.cmu.edu/theses/50.

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Abstract. Communicating scientific concepts to non-scientific audiences can be difficult. Often, scientists rely solely on the strength of empirical evidence as an appeal to reason in public scientific discourse. Unfortunately, in a world where ‘truthiness’ has become an accepted part of media messaging, public understanding and attitudes do not develop solely in response to objective reasoning. From climate change to evolution, vaccines to nuclear power, the science community finds itself on the defensive as shifting perceptions of authority and the narratives that frame scientific communication undermine public understanding of science. This thesis project draws on social science, rhetoric, and communication design to develop and evaluate communication strategies that both compete with science denial narratives and stand on scientific evidence to make the truth more compelling than its alternative. These strategies are in turn made actionable and prototyped as a set of guidelines and exercises for scientists and those who communicate on their behalf.
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15

Rugbeer, Hemduth. "Communicating by ordering electrons : the development of electronic communication as part of a secondary school Communication Science curriculum in the Language, Literacy and Communication learning area." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/314.

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A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of MA in Communication Science, University of Zululand, 2001.
In this thesis I focus on the introduction of Electronic Cornmunication as part of an envisaged Communication Science curriculum in the Language, Literacy and Communication Learning area of the Further Education and Training band. In the course of my thesis I will show that the requisite elements of verbal and written cornmunication are dispersed throughout the Language, Literacy and Communication learning area in the General Education and Training band, and that they can be utilised as basis for formally introducing Communication Science, as a subject in the Language, literacy and Communication learning area in the Further Education and Train¬ing band. I also show that electronic communication will form a crucial area of study in such a Communication Science curriculum. I argue that due to the diversity of cultures in South Africa, cross-cultural cornmunication is required in such a curriculum. I also argue that by the very na¬ture of Outcomes-Based Education it is necessary to have a subject into our school curriculum that will form an interface with conceptual learning and experiential learning, that will contextu-alise language study within the more comprehensive scope of forms of human communication, and that will form an interface between the humanities and science to prevent the humanities from becoming soft options in Further Education and Training band learning programmes. To this effect I focus on the crucial role of Constructivism as integrating theory to account for vari¬ous approaches to motivational learning, the primary form of learning required in Outcomes-Based Education. I examine the principles of curriculum construction in OBE and its associated culture of learn¬ing against the backdrop of the theory of Situated Cognition. This presents a platform to argue the case for Electronic Communication as part of Communication Science in the Further Edu¬cation and Training band curricula in South African schools.
National Research Foundation
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16

Mathew, Nishi Mary. "The effect of electronic networking on preservice elementary teachers' science teaching self-efficacy and attitude towards science teaching /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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17

Thomas, Nicola Jane Reid. "Restoring ecosystem health : - can science communication make a difference? /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18548.pdf.

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18

Islam, Md Khademul. "Pupils' interaction with a Science Centre: Communication perspective analysis." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Vetenskapskommunikation, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-2535.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate pupils’ knowledge about science and what role science center is playing as a medium of communication to increase knowledge among students. This study also tried to find out pupils’ interaction: how they use science center as a source of scientific information, what they learn from their visit to a science center, their pattern of communication with it. This project also measured attraction, holding and learning power of exhibits of the science center at Dalarna University in Borlänge and learning power of planetarium program and slide show of Stella Nova Planetarium at Dalarna University.The subjects of this study consisted of students of class seven and eight and teachers of an urban school in Borlänge, Sweden. To find out students’ learning in a science center a pre and post visit test were conducted through questionnaires. Interview method by questionnaires was also used to explore pupils’ interaction with science center.The results of this study show that students learn by their visit to a science center but learning was not statistically significant (0.05).Girls learnt better than boys. School classes that have better pre-knowledge about science before a visit to a science center learnt worse than other classes having less pre-knowledge. Girls and boys interact with a science center in different ways. Science center is playing important role as a science communicator.
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Grant, Laura Alexandra. "Comparative evaluation of science communication activities and their impacts." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.415742.

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McManus, Paulette Marion. "Communication with and between visitors to a science museum." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295042.

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Hammond, Thomas J. "Survey of Science Communication in Developing Pacific Island Nations." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/46839.

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The developing nations of the Pacific Islands face a number of issues as they move towards economic and environmental sustainability. The application of science and scientific knowledge can be valuable in addressing these problems, and moving the region towards a more stable future. However, science can have little impact unless it is effectively communicated to relevant audiences. Science communication is a relatively new and developing discipline. It is concerned with the context in which information is delivered, and the processes by which knowledge is accepted by different groups in society. I completed an introductory study of the attitudes of scientists based in the Pacific towards science communication. To study the processes by which scientists produce, and subsequently communicate, their science, I invited scientists within the region to complete a short online survey. The survey asked respondents their attitudes towards science communication, the outcomes of their science, and their opinions on the overall success and quality of science communication in the region. Results from the survey indicate a high regard for the importance of science communication, and a general consensus that the quality and reach of science communication in the Pacific is poor. Reasons suggested for the weakness of Pacific science communication include the lack of facilities and infrastructure across the Pacific for broadcasting information, low levels of scientific literacy within the population, poorly managed networks of information exchange between scientists, and limited training and support of scientists in the communication of their work. Respondents varied in the manner in which they regarded aspects of their work to be characterised as ‘practical outcomes’. This suggests a need for more long-term studies looking at the sientific process from development of concepts, through data collection, communication and ultimately implementation.
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Khan, Mati Ullah. "CPU and Memory Optimization of Interprocess Communication Mechanism." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-58596.

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Interprocess communication enables complex systems to be divided into separate processes. The division makes the systems more robust, scalable and increases system modularity. Interprocess communication mechanisms enable the processes to communicate and share services with other processes.  However, the efficiency of these mechanisms has a strong impact on the performance of such multi-process systems. Large interprocess communication overhead can become a bottleneck to overall system performance.

Therefore, various efforts have been made to reduce IPC overhead to a level comparable to that of an ordinary function call. These efforts have been made on hardware level as well as software level.

This thesis work focuses on software based improvements of an existing multi-process event driven system. The first step is aimed at improving memory utilization in the system by reducing interprocess communication where possible. The solution we propose preserves modularity as well as robustness of the system. The second step is aimed at improving IPC round trip times by experimenting with different IPC mechanisms and analyzing the obtained performance. Shared memory is used as the primary data sharing mechanism.

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Wan, Jun S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "All-to-all communication with low communication cost." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/120398.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2018.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 61-64).
In an all-to-all broadcast, every user wishes to broadcast its message to all the other users. This is a process that frequently appears in large-scale distributed systems such as voting and consensus protocols. In the classic solution, a user needs to receive n messages and n signatures where n is the number of users in the network. This is undesirable for large-scale distributed systems that contain millions or billions of users and can be the throughput bottleneck for some existing systems. In this thesis, we propose two protocols for the all-to-all broadcast problem. Our protocols upper bound the number of bits each user receives by [Theta](n log log2 n), which is a huge improvement from the conventional n times the signature size. Besides the all-to-all protocol, we also provide new results regarding random graphs and regular graphs. These results are used in our protocol to prove its efficiency. But they are interesting by themselves and have independent theoretic value.
by Jun Wan.
S.M.
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24

Karpul, Alexander. "Emergent Communication: The evolution of simplistic machines using different communication types." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6405.

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The methods of transmitting information may be divided as follows: direct; and, indirect. The âdirectâ method occurs when a creature transmits a signal that other creatures in its local environment can receive. Word of mouth advertising is a form of direct communication. âIndirectâ communication relays a message through the environment. This type of communication is known as stigmergy. Both word of mouth communication and stigmergy require the existence of groups of communicators. It is, however, difficult to analyse a very large number of local interactions that occur in group behaviour. A global phenomenon known as âemergenceâ arises from such behaviour. The phrase ââthe whole is greater than the sum of its partsâ normally describes emergence. In this research, we investigate how the two methods of communicating, direct and indirect (including a combination of these), result in emergent behaviour. In order to establish this outcome we employed the use of agent-based software in which we designed groups of agents to evolve over generations in response to specific situations. The manner in which these agent groups evolve is by a genetic algorithm. This is based on the consumption and collection of resources from the environment - a metric for gauging how well the population performs as a whole. For the purpose of this dissertation, we measure and examine the performance of four styles of the two methods of communication: No Communication, Word of Mouth, Stigmergic and Both (a combination of direct and indirect). We observe the fitness arising through successive generations of agents for each of the four styles and compare the results. The âNo Communicationâ style is markedly the worst performer and is âthe sum of the partsâ in terms of the definition of emergence. The âWord of Mouthâ style is marginally below the best performer but is rated well above that of âNo Communicationâ. The âStigmergicâ style is only the third best performer. Combining the direct and indirect methods yields the best result for the âBothâ style. All the communicating categories, considered âthe wholeâ in terms of the definition for emergence, outperform the âNo Communicationâ style. This demonstrates that emergence occurs when using these communication methods in groups. Keywords: Communication, Emergence, Genetic Algorithms, Group Behaviour
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Gelmez, Burakgazi Sevinc. "Connecting Science Communication To Science Education: A Phenomenological Inquiry Into Multimodal Science Information Sources Among 4th And 5th Graders." Phd thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615302/index.pdf.

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Science communication, as a multidisciplinary field, serves to transfer scientific information to individuals to promote interest and awareness in science. This process resembles science education. Rooted in science education and science communication studies, this study examines the 4th and 5th grade students` usage of prominent science information sources (SIS), the features of these sources, and their effective and ineffective uses and processes in communicating science to students. Guided by situated learning and uses and gratifications (U&
G) theories, this study is a phenomenological qualitative inquiry. Data were gathered through approximately 64 hours of classroom observations
focus group and individual interviews from four elementary schools (two public, two private schools) in Ankara, Tü
rkiye. Focus group interviews were conducted with 47 students, and individual interviews were carried out with 17 teachers and 10 parents. The data were analyzed manually and MAXQDA software respectively. The results revealed that students used various SIS in school-based and beyond contexts to satisfy their cognitive, affective, personal, and social integrative needs. They used SIS for (a) science courses, (b) homework/project assignments, (c) exam/test preparations, and (d) individual science related research. Moreover, the results indicated that comprehensible, enjoyable, entertaining, interesting, credible, brief, updated, and visual aspects of content and content presentation of SIS were among the key drivers affecting students` use of SIS. The results revealed that accessibility of SIS was an important variable in students` use of these sources. Results further shed light on the connection between science education and science communication in terms of promoting science learning.
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Pankratov, Denis. "Communication complexity and information complexity." Thesis, The University of Chicago, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3711791.

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Information complexity enables the use of information-theoretic tools in communication complexity theory. Prior to the results presented in this thesis, information complexity was mainly used for proving lower bounds and direct-sum theorems in the setting of communication complexity. We present three results that demonstrate new connections between information complexity and communication complexity.

In the first contribution we thoroughly study the information complexity of the smallest nontrivial two-party function: the AND function. While computing the communication complexity of AND is trivial, computing its exact information complexity presents a major technical challenge. In overcoming this challenge, we reveal that information complexity gives rise to rich geometrical structures. Our analysis of information complexity relies on new analytic techniques and new characterizations of communication protocols. We also uncover a connection of information complexity to the theory of elliptic partial differential equations. Once we compute the exact information complexity of AND, we can compute exact communication complexity of several related functions on n-bit inputs with some additional technical work. Previous combinatorial and algebraic techniques could only prove bounds of the form Θ( n). Interestingly, this level of precision is typical in the area of information theory, so our result demonstrates that this meta-property of precise bounds carries over to information complexity and in certain cases even to communication complexity. Our result does not only strengthen the lower bound on communication complexity of disjointness by making it more exact, but it also shows that information complexity provides the exact upper bound on communication complexity. In fact, this result is more general and applies to a whole class of communication problems.

In the second contribution, we use self-reduction methods to prove strong lower bounds on the information complexity of two of the most studied functions in the communication complexity literature: Gap Hamming Distance (GHD) and Inner Product mod 2 (IP). In our first result we affirm the conjecture that the information complexity of GHD is linear even under the uniform distribution. This strengthens the Ω(n) bound shown by Kerenidis et al. (2012) and answers an open problem by Chakrabarti et al. (2012). We also prove that the information complexity of IP is arbitrarily close to the trivial upper bound n as the permitted error tends to zero, again strengthening the Ω(n) lower bound proved by Braverman and Weinstein (2011). More importantly, our proofs demonstrate that self-reducibility makes the connection between information complexity and communication complexity lower bounds a two-way connection. Whereas numerous results in the past used information complexity techniques to derive new communication complexity lower bounds, we explore a generic way, in which communication complexity lower bounds imply information complexity lower bounds in a black-box manner.

In the third contribution we consider the roles that private and public randomness play in the definition of information complexity. In communication complexity, private randomness can be trivially simulated by public randomness. Moreover, the communication cost of simulating public randomness with private randomness is well understood due to Newman's theorem (1991). In information complexity, the roles of public and private randomness are reversed: public randomness can be trivially simulated by private randomness. However, the information cost of simulating private randomness with public randomness is not understood. We show that protocols that use only public randomness admit a rather strong compression. In particular, efficient simulation of private randomness by public randomness would imply a version of a direct sum theorem in the setting of communication complexity. This establishes a yet another connection between the two areas. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

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Hunter, Molly E. "Outcomes of fire research: is science used?" CSIRO PUBLISHING, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621750.

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An assessment of outcomes from research projects funded by the Joint Fire Science Program was conducted to determine whether or not science has been used to inform management and policy decisions and to explore factors that facilitate use of fire science. In a web survey and follow-up phone interviews, I asked boundary spanners and scientists about how findings from a random sample of 48 projects had been applied and factors that acted as barriers or facilitators to science application. In addition, I conducted an investigation of recent planning documents to determine whether products from the sampled projects were cited. All lines of evidence suggest that information from most (44 of 48) of these projects have been used by fire and fuels managers in some capacity. Science has mostly been used during planning efforts, to develop treatment prescriptions, and to evaluate current practices. Lack of manager awareness was commonly identified as a barrier to application of science. Conversely, activities and organisations that foster interaction between scientists and managers were identified as facilitating the application of science. The efforts of the Joint Fire Science Program to communicate science findings and engage managers has likely contributed to the application of fire science.
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28

Asrigo, Yanwar. "Communication middleware for a web-based game lobby." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66986.

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A game lobby is an online service provided to online game players. Players interact with each other and participate in games through the game lobby. As web technology becomes more advanced, the web is seen as a promising platform for online game lobbies. In this thesis, we develop a web-based communication middleware for game lobbies using the XML-RPC web service framework. Web-based communication middleware must use the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) for its communication transport, which is based on the request-reply protocol, and requires all communication to be initiated by the client. This presents a major challenge for realizing the communication middleware as the lobby server needs to send information to the clients at arbitrary time points with minimum latency. We propose a novel Server Push Enabled XML-RPC (SPEX) protocol to address this problem by employing the so-called "long-polling'' technique. We also devise a light-weight authentication scheme, called Authenticated XML-RPC. We have implemented SPEX and Authenticated XML-RPC and analyzed the performance characteristics of our implementation. Experiments show that the communication middleware scales well, providing good response time for the kind of real-time interactions that occur typically in an online game lobby setting.
Un lobby de jeu est un service en ligne fourni pour les joueurs en ligne. Ces derniers peuvent interagir entre eux et prendre part aux jeux à partir du lobby de jeu. Grâce aux avancements technologiques, le Web est perçu comme une plateforme prometteuse pour développer des lobbies de jeux en ligne.Dans ce mémoire de maîtrise, nous développons un intergiciel de communication Web pour des lobbies de jeux en utilisant le cadre de service Web XML-RPC. Tout intergiciel de communication Web doit utiliser l'Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) comme transport de communication, qui est basé sur un protocole de transmission sur demande et nécessitant que toutes communications soient initiées par le client. Ceci pose un défi important à l'élaboration d'un intergiciel de communication vu que le serveur du lobby doit envoyer des informations aux clients à des temps arbitraires et avec un temps d'attente minimum. Pour aborder ce problème, nous proposons un nouveau protocole Server Push Enabled XML-RPC (SPEX) en exploitant la technique de "long-polling". Nous avons également conçu un système allégé d'authentification intitulé Authenticated XML-RPC. Nous avons mis en œuvre SPEX et Authenticated XML-RPC, ainsi qu'analysé les performances de notre implémentation sous différentes configurations. Nos expériences ont démontré que notre intergiciel de communication est extensible tout en garantissant un temps de réponse satisfaisant pour ce genre d'interactions en temps réel survenant généralement dans un environnement de lobby de jeu en ligne.
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McOsker, Megan. "Student Understanding of Error and Variability in Primary Science Communication." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2009. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/McOskerM2009.pdf.

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30

Lee, O.-sze Salina, and 李澳思. "Hong Kong Science Park: paradise of communication through the landscape." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31980673.

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Lee, O.-sze Salina. "Hong Kong Science Park : paradise of communication through the landscape /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25950988.

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Kreuiter, Allan. "An analysis of the science communication of co-operative centres." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/139575.

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Bennett, Susan J. "The use of interactive multimedia in the communication of science." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/139591.

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Edmondston, Joanne. "Cultivating the civic scientist: Science communication & tertiary biotechnology education." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2007. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1605.

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Biotechnology is one of the most rapidly growing industries of the 21st Century and governments worldwide have invested significant funds to support research and development in this area. The belief that the commercialisation of biotechnology will offer significant social and economic benefits to the communities investing in this industry, however, is not a universally accepted view. Surveys of attitudes towards biotechnology in a number of countries have indicated that there are widespread concerns about the risks presented by the industry and the application of biotechnology products (Smith, 2001). These public concerns have resulted in a stronger focus being placed on the mechanisms by which biotechnology is communicated with non-scientists (Gregory, 2003).ln particular, improving the level of scientists' participation in public engagement has been afforded high priority (FASTS, 1999). Yet despite increasing calls for scientists to become more involved in this area, the perception that scientists are unwilling or unable to communicate persists (Stocklmayer, Gore, & Bryant, 2001). In response, the provision of quality science communication training for scientists and science students has been recommended (Royal Society, 2006b). This training should provide a fundamental support for improving scientists' ability to act as civic scientists by engaging with the public. Using an Australian biotechnology degree program as a case study, this doctoral study examines how biotechnology education at the tertiary university level prepares science graduates for a civic science role. Qualitative and quantitative data were generated from 343 questionnaires and 36 interviews of key stakeholders in the chosen biotechnology program, including undergraduate and doctoral students, lecturers, postgraduate supervisors, and early-career biotechnologists recently graduated from the program. Additional interview data were also obtained from 10 science communicators and science communication lecturers.
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35

Shoemaker, David R. (David Robert). "An optimized hardware architecture and communication protocol for scheduled communication." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42660.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1997.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 173-177).
by David Shoemaker.
Ph.D.
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36

Fourie, Jean Francois. "Reducing communication in distributed model checking." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2176.

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Thesis (Msc (Mathematical Sciences. Computer Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Model checkers are programs that automatically verify, without human assistance, that certain user-specified properties hold in concurrent software systems. Since these programs often have expensive time and memory requirements, an active area of research is the development of distributed model checkers that run on clusters. Of particular interest is how the communication between the machines can be reduced to speed up their running time. In this thesis the design decisions involved in an on-the-fly distributed model checker are identified and discussed. Furthermore, the implementation of such a program is described. The central idea behind the algorithm is the generation and distribution of data throughout the nodes of the cluster. We introduce several techniques to reduce the communication among the nodes, and study their effectiveness by means of a set of models.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Modeltoetsers is programme wat outomaties bevestig, sonder enige hulp van die gebruiker, dat gelopende sagteware aan sekere gespesifiseerde eienskappe voldoen. Die feit dat hierdie programme dikwels lang looptye en groot geheues benodig, het daartoe aanleiding gegee dat modeltoetsers wat verspreid oor ’n groep rekenaars hardloop, aktief nagevors word. Dit is veral belangrik om vas te stel hoe die kommunikasie tussen rekenaars verminder kan word om sodoende die looptyd te verkort. Hierdie tesis identifiseer en bespreek die ontwerpsbesluite betrokke in die ontwikkeling van ’n verspreide modeltoetser. Verder word die implementasie van so ’n program beskryf. Die kernidee is die generasie en verspreiding van data na al die rekenaars in die groep wat aan die probleem werk. Ons stel verskeie tegnieke voor om die kommunikasie tussen die rekenaar te verminder en bestudeer die effektiwiteit van hierdie tegnieke aan die hand van ’n lys modelle.
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Low, Marcus. "Wild west science reporting : pitfalls and ethical issues in the reporting of frontier sciences." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49806.

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Thesis (MPhil) -- Stellenbosch University, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: When reporting on new research or claims by scientists, the science journalist faces a number of pitfalls. For a number of reasons the journalist might produce a story which is inaccurate or misleading. Thus, when a scientist claims to have found a cure for cancer, the journalist needs to check himself before delivering the story. In this paper I will examme a number of issues concerning the reporting of frontier science, or new research. In this realm it is particularly difficult to distinguish more reliable science from less reliable science. The problem is compounded by the vested interests of scientists, pharmaceutical companies and other interest groups. What the science journalist writes, influences public opinion, conceptions about science, and often affects people's decision-making regarding medical issues. There is thus a clear ethical aspect to science reporting. I will try to show that an understanding of how science works is crucial to reporting science responsibly. In this regard the distinction between frontier and textbook science is of particular importance. Theoretical distinctions such as these provide useful tools for the interpretation of claims from the frontier. The first chapter, then, will deal with theoretical concepts pertaining to how SCIence works. In the second we will examine a number of examples of how reporting from the frontiers can go wrong. We will argue that a better understanding of science might have prevented many of the inaccuracies and misleading claims examined. In chapter three we will attempt to list what can go wrong, and examine some of the possible consequences, thus outlining the ethical aspect of science reporting. Finally we will make a few suggestions and outline some guidelines which might contribute to more accurate and responsible reporting from the frontiers.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Wanneer daar oor nuwe navorsing of aansprake deur wetenskaplikes berig moet word, word die wetenskapsverslaggewer gekonfronteer deur 'n aantal moontlike slaggate. Om verskeie redes kan daar onakkuraat of misleidend verslag gedoen word. Wanneer 'n wetenskaplike dus berig dat daar 'n kuur vir kanker gevind is, moet die joernalis homself eers aan sekere beginsels herinner. In hierdie skrywe sal ek 'n aantal kwessies te doen met die beriggewing van pionierswetenskap, of nuwe wetenskap, ondersoek. Op hierdie terrein is dit veral moeilik om tussen betroubare en minder betroubare wetenskap te onderskei. Die probleem word vererger deur die belange van wetenskaplikes, farmaseutiese maatskappye en ander belangegroepe. Dit wat deur die wetenskapsjoernalis berig word, beïnvloed publieke opinie en beskouings oor die wetenskap, en raak dikwels mense se besluitneming rakende mediese kwessies. Daar is dus 'n duidelike etiese aspek aan wetenskapsverslaggewing verbonde. Ek gaan poog om te wys dat 'n begrippnj van hoe wetenskap werk, onmisbaar is vir verantwoordelike wetenskapsverslaggewing. In hierdie verband is die onderskeid tussen pioniers- en handboekwetenskap van besondere belang. Teoretiese onderskeide soos dié verskaf bruikbare gereedskap VIr die interpretasie van aansprake uit die pionierswetenskap. In die eerste hoofstuk sal 'n aantal teoretiese konsepte oor die werking van wetenskap verduidelik word. In die tweede hoofstuk sal 'n aantal voorbeelde van waar verslaggewing van [N4]pionierswetenskap verkeerd geloop het, bespreek word. Ek gaan argumenteer dat In beter begrippisj van wetenskap moontlik baie van dié onakkuraathede en misleidende aansprake sou kon voorkom het. Hoofstuk drie sal dan poog om te lys wat verkeerd kan gaan, en sal sommige van die moontlike gevolge ondersoek. Hierdeur sal die etiese aspek van wetenskapsverslaggewing dus uitgestippel word. Aan die einde sal ek 'n paar voorstelle maak, en probeer om riglyne uit te stip wat kan bydra tot meer akkurate en verantwoordelike verslaggewing van pionierswetenskap.
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Juba, Brendan (Brendan Andrew). "Universal semantic communication." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62423.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2010.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 325-334).
Is meaningful communication possible between two intelligent parties who share no common language or background? We propose that this problem can be rigorously addressed by explicitly focusing on the goals of the communication. We propose a theoretical framework in which we can address when and to what extent such semantic communication is possible. Our starting point is a mathematical definition of a generic goal for communication, that is pursued by agents of bounded computational complexity. We then model a "lack of common language or background" by considering a class of potential partners for communication; in general, this formalism is rich enough to handle varying degrees of common language and backgrounds, but the complete lack of knowledge is modeled by simply considering the class of all partners with which some agent of similar power could achieve our goal. In this formalism, we will find that for many goals (but not all), communication without any common language or background is possible. We call the strategies for achieving goals without relying on such background universal protocols. The main intermediate notions introduced by our theory are formal notions of feedback that we call sensing. We show that sensing captures the essence of whether or not reliable universal protocols can be constructed in many natural settings of interest: we find that across settings, sensing is almost always sufficient, usually necessary, and generally a useful design principle for the construction of universal protocols. We support this last point by developing a number of examples of protocols for specific goals. Notably, we show that universal delegation of computation from a space-efficient client to a general-purpose server is possible, and we show how a variant of TCP can allow end-users on a packet network to automatically adapt to small changes in the packet format (e.g., changes in IP). The latter example above alludes to our main motivation for considering such problems, which is to develop techniques for modeling and constructing computer systems that do not require that their components strictly adhere to protocols: said differently, we hope to be able to design components that function properly with a sufficiently wide range of other components to permit a rich space of "backwards-compatible" designs for those components. We expect that in the long run, this paradigm will lead to simpler systems because "backwards compatibility" is no longer such a severe constraint, and we expect it to lead to more robust systems, partially because the components should be simpler, and partially because such components are inherently robust to deviations from any fixed protocol. Unfortunately, we find that the techniques for communication under the complete absence of any common background suffer from overhead that is too severe for such practical purposes, so we consider two natural approaches for introducing some assumed common background between components while retaining some nontrivial amount of flexibility. The first approach supposes that the designer of a component has some "belief" about what protocols would be "natural" to use to interact with other components; we show that, given sensing and some sufficient "agreement" between the beliefs of the designers of two components, the components can be made universal with some relatively modest overhead. The second approach supposes that the protocols are taken from some restricted class of functions, and we will see that for certain classes of functions and simple goals, efficient universal protocols can again be constructed from sensing. Actually, we show more: the special case of our model described in the second approach above corresponds precisely to the well-known model of mistake-bounded on-line learning first studied by Barzdirs and Frievalds, and later considered in more depth by Littlestone. This connection provides a reasonably complete picture of the conditions under which we can apply the second approach. Furthermore, it also seems that the first approach is closely related to the problem of designing good user interfaces in Human-Computer Interaction. We conclude by briefly sketching the connection, and suggest that further development of this connection may be a potentially fruitful direction for future work.
by Brendan Juba.
Ph.D.
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Bogdewiecz, Sarah E. "Hard Science Linguistics and Nonverbal Communicative Behaviors: Implications for the Real World Study and Teaching of Human Communication." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1177956267.

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40

Haqqani, Mujeeb. "Fast prototyping of communication protocols." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5718.

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In this thesis we present a methodology and a life-cycle system for rapid implementation of communication protocols. Our proposed approach includes a scheme for automated coding and decoding of protocol (single module) formal specifications in Estelle into (and from) a KnowledgeBase(KB). An interactive experimental system, FPCP (Fast Prototyping of Communication Protocols), is designed and implemented. It automatically generates an interrogatable KnowledgeBase representation of the specification, and automatically generates an executable prototype of communication software corresponding to the formal (single module, normalized) specifications in ESTELLE format. Our approach allows developers to maintain single, useful and authoritative "reference specifications" throughout the protocol development life cycle. The automated encoding of the specifications into a rule based KB allows users to take advantage of rule based system features (Mackert) and yet maintain the Estelle specifications as the single authoritative reference specifications. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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41

Puhachova, Anna, and L. V. Roienko. "Is graphic design art or science?" Thesis, Наукова платформа Open Science Laboratory, 2020. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/16302.

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У статті розглядаються основні аспекти та сфери застосування графічного дизайну.
Graphic design is described as the process of visual communication and problem-solving through the use of typography, photography, iconography and illustration.
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42

Borislav, Lorenc. "Cognitive Aspects of the Studies of Communication." Thesis, University of Skövde, Department of Computer Science, 1998. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-225.

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The study starts off as a quest for the core meaning of the term communication. First, the epistemological grounds of the endeavour are investigated. Findings of experientialist cognition, backed up by e.g. Putnam’s results, indicate that intentionality as understood by traditional cognitive science might be an incomplete story; so, in parallel, constructivist approaches are investigated. The two approaches are here termed as linear and recursive models, respectively.

Through introducing the conduit metaphor and the mathematical theory of communication, the question of whether communication consists of a transfer is discussed. Arguments are presented to the effect that the mathematical theory neither does support this understanding, nor appears to be applicable (but as a cognitive model) outside the domains where probabilities are assigned to outcomes.

Communication research in three areas is presented: investigations from an ethological perspective, process approaches to human communication, and the study of the signification relation. Finally, a review of some work on simulations of communication and collective behaviour is given.

In conclusion, intentionality is required for the communicating entities, which – based on some of the arguments presented in this study – leaves inanimate objects, plants, bacteria, and most of the animal world (except molluscs, crustaceans, and vertebrates) outside the communicating world. Communication incorporates signs, and signs are interpreted. In the process, meaning is created. The objectivist science ideal of pointing to an appropriate event and claiming "This is real communication" has to be substituted by offering descriptions of some idealised cognitive models. One might argue about these, accept them, or reject them; this is what communication (amongst other things) is (and is for).

In general, if it is understood that there is no possibility of reaching ‘objective’, observer-independent knowledge, another way of reaching more certainty than what just an individual can get might be to turn to others. It is this that brings cognition and communication into close relationship.

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43

Manco, Vega Alejandra. "Early career researchers and PhD students from the social sciences use of Social Networking Sites (SNS) for science communication: an affordances approach." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informatik och media, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-332028.

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This research aims to understand the different practices and strategies early career researchers and PhD students from the social sciences have in Social Networking Sites (SNSs) for science communication in one particular country: Brazil. Following this purpose, the central research question is which are the motives and rationale of the researchers for using social networking sites for science communication. Two sub-questions arise from this general research question: How do practices and strategies relate to the academic system of this country? And How do the traditional science communication practices translate into the use of Social Networking Sites (SNS)? This research is empirically oriented building up on case studies in Brazil. This study makes use of the adaptation that Van Dijck (2013) made of the Actor-Network Theory (ANT) and the review of affordances of social media platforms (Bucher & Helmond, 2016) to apply it to the study of social media as the theoretical approach. The methodological approach of this research is qualitative, using both interviews and netnography as research methods. The primary motivations for using different Social Networking Sites are all related to connectivity: communication with peers, to the public and research subjects, updating themselves about their research issue, dissemination of research, availability of papers, self-branding and participation in interest groups are the most mentioned. These motivations translate into cross-posting practices and integrated communication strategies -combining online and offline elements- on the different Social Networking Sites. These motivations translate into perceived affordances all related to social affordances, therefore, social capital processes: availability, scalability, visibility and multimediality. The academic system of the country has remained unchanged as it privileges traditional scholarly academic formats; therefore, early career researchers and PhD students from the social sciences only use the different Social Networking Sites (SNS) as a side aid but not as a primary means of communication. Social media is underused as a means of public science communication, even though these platforms offer a lot of advantages for pursuing such issue. Traditional science communication practices translate into the use of Social Networking Sites (SNSs). The most important issue that came out in this report was the fact that social affordances provided by Social Networking (SNSs) are still required to be endorsed by real life meeting to start further collaboration and the fact that English is the preferred language for such issues.
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44

Siff, Sarah. "Atomic Roaches and Test-tube Babies: Bentley Glass and Science Communication." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1339001805.

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45

Carter, Nicholas Brent. "The communication of science to the public: A philosophy of television /." The Ohio State University, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487944660929608.

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46

Gore, Sabra Ladd. "Effective science communication to children via a health-related Web site." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969/178.

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47

Passmore, Phillip Scott. "Consequences of communicating climate science online : the effects on young people's reactions to climate science." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/30021.

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This thesis reveals the potential pitfalls of relying on the Internet to communicate serious environmental issues. This exploratory research examines the consequences of aspects of the information society focusing on the effects of the Internet upon three reactions to climate communication: public understanding, perception of risk and support for climate change mitigation. It examines the implications of the rise of the information society on young people’s (18-25 year olds) consumption of media and climate science information. The information society literature emerged before the Internet, but predicted the increasing access to information that has arisen in the past two decades and its significant impacts on society and communication. An analytical framework is developed focusing on the sharing of information and the consequences of both misleading information and competition for the user’s attention. To explore the impact of the Internet upon public perception of risks posed by and their understanding of climate change, this research uses a mixed methodological approach. The qualitative approach of focus groups has been selected to establish how young people use the Internet and whether they share and actively engage with climate change information online. A quantitative approach of the experimental method has critically examined the impact of junk information (climate sceptic material) and information overload (competition for users’ attention) on reactions to climate science. The original contribution to knowledge of this thesis was the key finding that the lack of engagement with climate science online poses a more serious issue than the risk of climate sceptic information being virally shared. Simply having the information accessible is not enough when there is so much competition for users’ attention and the ease with which they can filter out climate change information.
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48

Cismasu, Codrut Octavian. "Distributed simulation of personal communication service networks." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32986.

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Parallel and distributed simulation is recognized as a viable method for the modeling of complex dynamic systems. The main benefits of using a parallel versus a sequential technique in solving these problems are decreasing execution time and distributing the memory used in the simulation over a number of processors.
Parallel simulation techniques have successfully been applied to the modeling of cellular communication services. They focus on defining efficient models for simulation, on the study of protocols or on the performance analysis of resource allocation algorithms. In this thesis, we continue the research in this domain by defining a model focusing on simulation accuracy. We will also test the limits on the size of the application model that can be simulated. Two channel allocation techniques are implemented. The first is based on fixed channel allocation and the second on a technique known as channel segregation. The latter technique requires that interference data be computed. For this purpose, we describe a brute force interference calculation algorithm. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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49

Faury, Mélodie. "Parcours de chercheurs. De la pratique de recherche à un discours sur la science : quel rapport identitaire et culturel aux sciences ?" Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00744210.

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Que signifie être scientifique ? Comment et quand le devient-on ? Dans quelle mesure peut-on parler d'un rapport identitaire et culturel aux sciences ? Comment l'épreuve de la pratique intervient-elle dans la construction ou dans la crise de ce rapport aux sciences ?Le rapport identitaire et culturel aux sciences tel que nous le définissons par ce travail s'exprime au moins à trois niveaux articulés. D'un premier point de vue, la construction d'un rapport identitaire et culturel aux sciences par l'expérience vécue se laisse appréhender par le recensement des pratiques de communication quotidiennement éprouvées, qui forgent un espace mental de la recherche, où s'associent représentation de la science et représentation de soi. A un deuxième niveau, l'espace de l'entretien rend possible la construction d'un discours à distance de cette expérience, où l'enquêté se positionne vis à vis de ce qu'il rapporte. Il mobilise notamment des normes et valeurs dans le discours qu'il tisse sur son parcours, sa pratique de recherche et sur lui-même. Celles-ci, en tant que ressources discursives, participent à l'expression et à l'actualisation, au moment-même de la situation d'entretien, d'un rapport identitaire et culturel aux sciences. Enfin, nous distinguons un troisième niveau de construction de ce rapport identitaire et culturel aux sciences, dans la situation de communication que constitue l'entretien. L'enquêté élabore un discours situé et contextualisé où parcours, pratique et (re)présentation de soi se mêlent et s'éprouvent dans un ajustement permanent entre l'enquêté et l'enquêteur. La réflexivité, tout à la fois objet d'étude, concept, ensemble de pratiques et d'actions, mais aussi en tant que critère de scientificité, est au centre de ce travail et au cœur de la démarche de chercheur que je cherche à mettre en œuvre.
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50

Tatikonda, Sekhar Chandra. "Control under communication constraints." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/16755.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2000.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 224-228).
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
by Sekhar Chandra Tatikonda.
Ph.D.
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