Academic literature on the topic 'Schwartz values theory'
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Journal articles on the topic "Schwartz values theory"
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Simon, Jordi. "The Portrait Values Questionnaire: A Bibliographic and Bibliometric Review of the Instrument." Aloma: Revista de Psicologia, Ciències de l'Educació i de l'Esport 35, no. 1 (October 13, 2017): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.51698/aloma.2017.35.1.39-50.
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This paper contains a bibliographic and a bibliometric review of the Portrait Values Questionnaire, the instrument proposed by Schwartz to assess human values. Schwartz’s theory of human values is one of the most popular of its kind in the social sciences. As the framework of the PVQ, we shall briefly present the theory, followed by the different instruments developed by Schwartz to assess human values. Finally, we have performed a detailed review to analyse how the PVQ has been used in the scholarly literature. A total of 58 articles were reviewed to obtain a picture of how the scientific community uses this instrument and to explore the variables most commonly related to human values. Several conclusions are briefly discussed.
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Tevrüz, Suna, Tülay Turgut, and Murat Çinko. "Integrating Turkish Work and Achievement Goals With Schwartz’s Human Values." Europe’s Journal of Psychology 11, no. 2 (May 29, 2015): 259–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v11i2.825.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the integration of indigenous values developed in Turkey to Schwartz’s universal values. Students (N = 593) from six universities in Istanbul responded the value scale, which consists of 10 etic PVQ items (each item representing one of 10 main Schwartz values) and 23 emic WAG items (representing work-achievement goals). PROXSCAL, a multidimensional scaling method, was used to test whether etic and emic sets of values integrate and form the universal circular structure proposed in Schwartz value theory. The motivational continuum of values as a circular structure was similar to pan-cultural results, but adding another value type to the openness to change pole. While some of the items in this region represent autonomy of thought, remaining items diverge. The principle of conflicting values on opposite poles was not supported in relation to openness to change-conservation dimension. These two poles had similar priorities, contrasting with pan-cultural results, and demonstrating a culture-specific aspect of responding to motivational goals. Insights gained by emic studies will be functional in enriching understanding values, and contributing to the comprehensiveness and universality of Schwartz value theory.
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Raad, Boele De, Marieke E. Timmerman, Fabia Morales-Vives, Walter Renner, Dick P. H. Barelds, and Jan Pieter Van Oudenhoven. "The Psycho-Lexical Approach in Exploring the Field of Values." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 48, no. 3 (March 15, 2017): 444–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022117692677.
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We reply to each of the issues raised by Schwartz in a commentary on our article on a comparison of value taxonomies. We discuss two approaches, mentioned in that commentary, the lexical approach and the theory-driven approach, especially with respect to their capacities in covering the domain of values and with respect to the representation of important values in a useful structure. We refute the critique by Schwartz that the lexical approach is superfluous, because his theory “toward universals in values” would already cover all values, and that their mutual relationships are relevant to individuals around the globe. We explain the necessity and strength of the lexical approach in taxonomizing the value domain, both within and across languages. Furthermore, we argue that principal components analysis (PCA) and simultaneous component analysis (SCA) are most adequate in arriving at a satisfactory structuring of the great many values in terms of both underlying constructs and their facets. We point to a misrepresentation in Schwartz’s circular model, and we review some misunderstandings on the side of Schwartz with respect to our results in comparison with those proceeding from his circular model.
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Bubeck, Maike, and Wolfgang Bilsky. "Value structure at an early age." Swiss Journal of Psychology 63, no. 1 (March 2004): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185.63.1.31.
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Research with adult subjects has provided evidence for the validity of Schwartz’ (1992) theory on the structure of values. However, information about children and adolescents is scarce. Using the Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ-29) to test the applicability of Schwartz’ values theory to this population, a sample of 1555 German subjects aged 10 to 17 was investigated. Value structure was analyzed for the whole sample and for different age groups. Results broadly confirm the validity of Schwartz’ theory. They do not show the hypothesized correspondence between age and structural complexity, as operationalized by the number of distinct value types. Rather, the value structure of 10 to 12 year olds is nearly as differentiated as that of 15 to 17 year olds.
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Bilsky, Wolfgang, Anna K. Döring, Franka van Beeck, Isabel Rose, Johanna Schmitz, Katrin Aryus, Lisa Drögekamp, and Jeannette Sindermann. "Assessment of Children’s Value Structures and Value Preferences." Swiss Journal of Psychology 72, no. 3 (January 2013): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185/a000106.
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Contrary to those of adults and adolescents, children’s value structures and value preferences have rarely been investigated. This paper bridges this gap by building on Schwartz’s (1992 ) value theory. We present two studies: one in which children from Germany, Portugal, and Chile, aged 10 to 12 years, completed the Portrait Values Questionnaire ( Schwartz et al., 2001 ); and one in which children from Germany and France, aged 7 to 12 years, completed the Picture-Based Value Survey for Children ( Döring, Blauensteiner, Aryus, Drögekamp, & Bilsky, 2010 ). Theory-based multidimensional scaling analyses revealed differentiated value structures in both studies. Findings on children’s value preferences converged with evidence from adult samples ( Schwartz & Bardi, 2001 ). The results are discussed in light of the present state of knowledge and consequences for future research.
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Burgess, Steven M., Shalom Schwartz, and Roger D. Blackwell. "Do Values Share Universal Content and Structure? A South African Test." South African Journal of Psychology 24, no. 1 (March 1994): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124639402400101.
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Schwartz recently proposed a new theory concerning the universal content and structure of values, a new value survey for measuring them and reported empirical support from 35 countries for many elements of the theory. In this article the validity of the theory is examined in two studies of diverse groups not previously tested using multiple value measurement instruments. In Study 1, 1364 subjects from the four major racial groupings completed the Rokeach Value Survey, a widely used values scale applicable to the theory, as part of a doctoral research project not previously analysed in this way. Study 2 subjects completed the new Schwartz Value Survey as part of a study of consumption patterns, media use, and leisure preferences of skilled labour, administrative and managerial staff commissioned by the Midrand Town Council. The results of both studies are consistent with the new theory and suggest important implications regarding value meaning in South Africa. The authors close by suggesting directions for future southern African values research.
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Keller, Johannes, and Rebekka Kesberg. "Regulatory focus and human values." Psihologija 50, no. 2 (2017): 157–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi160809004k.
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The present article connects two approaches to the study of human motivation and behavior: The Schwartz model of human values and Higgins? regulatory focus theory. Considering a prominent model of human motivation - the Rubicon Model of Action Phases - reveals that although both approaches refer to goals and standards as crucial constructs, human values are specifically relevant concerning the so-called deliberation and evaluation phases whereas selfregulatory orientations are specifically relevant concerning the volitional phases (i.e., planning and action). It may be due to the selective focus on specific aspects of human motivation that up to date hardly any (empirical) work has tried to connect human values and selfregulatory orientations. The reported studies assessed the relation between the endorsement of values proposed in the Schwartz model of human values and individual differences in the two self-regulatory orientations (promotion and prevention) proposed in regulatory focus theory. Findings reveal that prevention-focused self-regulation is positively related to conservation values (security, conformity) and negatively related to values reflecting openness to change (stimulation, self-direction). Moreover, promotion-focused self-regulation was positively related to self-enhancement values (power, achievement) and negatively related to values reflecting self-transcendence (universalism, benevolence). In addition, the observed relations were found using different instruments to measure human values and self-regulatory orientations. In combination, the observed findings support the proposed two-dimensional structure of the value system as well as fundamental assumptions of regulatory focus theory.
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Bilsky, Wolfgang, and Shalom H. Schwartz. "Values and personality." European Journal of Personality 8, no. 3 (September 1994): 163–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2410080303.
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Personality and differential psychology have paid little attention to values research. Consequently, the constructs used in these subdisciplines have developed independently, and evidence regarding the relations of personality to values is minimal. This study seeks to advance our understanding of these relations and to arrive at a theoretical integration of constructs. Starting from recent developments in values theory (Schwartz, 1992; Schwartz and Bilsky, 1987, 1990) and drawing on Maslow's (1955) distinction between ‘deficiency’ and ‘growth’ needs, we elaborate theoretical links between personality and values with special emphasis on structural relations. A set of hypotheses regarding these relations is generated and tested next, using data from a study with 331 German students. These students completed both the Rokeach Value Survey (RVS) and the Freiburg Personality Inventory (FPI), measuring ten primary and two secondary personality variables, namely extraversion and emotionality. Joint Similarity Structure Analyses (SSAs) of values and personality variables were conducted. The findings reveal both meaningful and systematic associations of value priorities with personality variables, confirming the hypothesized structural relationships. The compatibility of our hypotheses with the complex findings of George (1954) using totally different indexes of both values (Allport–Vernon Study of Values) and personality (drawn from Eysenck and Guilford) further supports the theoretical connections proposed in this study.
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Cieciuch, Jan. "Integration of Schwartz's value theory and Scheler's concept of value in research on the development of the structure of values during adolescence." Polish Psychological Bulletin 42, no. 4 (January 1, 2011): 205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10059-011-0027-5.
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Integration of Schwartz's value theory and Scheler's concept of value in research on the development of the structure of values during adolescence A proposal is presented in the article of integrating Schwartz's circular model of values (1992, 1994, 2006) with Scheler's concept of values (Brzozowski, 1995). The main research goals were: 1) empirical verification of the attempt to include the values of Scheler into the circle of Schwartz's values; 2) use of the concept and measurement of Scheler's values to describe the development of the value structure during adolescence. Two studies were conducted in a group of 988 persons aged from 15 to 20 years. The Scheler Value Scale of Brzozowski (1995) was used along with the new version of the Schwartz's Portrait Value Questionnaire (Schwartz et al., 2011). In the first study, multidimensional scaling of multitrait-multimathod (MTMM) matrix was carried out, into which were introduced the indexes of Scheler's values and the indexes of Schwartz's value types. In this way, it was demonstrated that it is possible to include Scheler's values in the four higher order values within Schwartz's circle of values. In the second study, it was shown that by using the Schelerian values to analyse the development of the value structure, similar results were obtained to those that were acquired with the aid of instruments intended to measure values in Schwartz's approach. The structure becomes differentiated with age and takes on the shape of a circle.
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Παυλόπουλος, Βασίλης, and Michele Vecchione. "Ανιχνεύοντας το αξιακό υπόβαθρο της πολιτικής συμπεριφοράς." Psychology: the Journal of the Hellenic Psychological Society 21, no. 1 (October 15, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/psy_hps.23257.
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individual differences in politics are usually studied through the bipolar “left/right” or “liberal/conservative” axis. Traditionally, political preferences are examined in relation to socio-demographic factors. More recently, personal values have been shown to constitute a useful framework for understanding political attitudes. This study attempted to explore emotional, cognitive, and behavioral aspects of individual variation in political behavior on the basis of Schwartz’s value theory. The sample consisted of 304 adults (51% male), aged 21-65 years (M = 39,1), residing in various regions across Greece (55% in the Athens metropolitan area). Participants completed the Portrait Values Questionnaire (Schwartz et al., 2001); they also responded on items regarding their core political values (Schwartz et al., 2010), political self-placement, political participation, and socio-demographic profile. overall, results are consistent with research hypotheses. Personal values emerged as significant predictors of political values and political self-placement. Specifically, tradition, security and achievement were associated with the political right and universalism with the left, as well as with unconventional forms of political participation. The above findings are being discussed with regard to the existing models of values and political behavior, along with the multi-faceted crisis that the Greek society is undergoing.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Schwartz values theory"
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McMahon, Rachel E. "Which values?: Matching Schwartz's ten values constructs with the Nine Values for Australian Schooling." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/83472/1/Rachel_McMahon_Thesis.pdf.
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This study set out to determine which values are represented in the National Framework for Values Education in Australian Schools by matching Schwartz's ten values constructs to the Nine Values for Australian Schooling and examining the values orientations of contemporary young people, specifically Grade 8 girls from one State High School in South East Queensland. This was achieved by using the Schwartz Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ) as well as thematic analysis. Key findings were that there was a match between the Grade 8 girls values and some of the Nine Values however not others. Also, that not all of Schwartz's values are represented in the Nine Values for Australian Schooling, and certain values could be said to be omitted from the Framework and certain privileged.
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Ernstroem, Lars, Shoji Yokura, and yokura@sci kagoshima-u. ac jp. "Bivariant Chern-Schwartz-MacPherson Classes with Values in Chow Groups." ESI preprints, 2000. ftp://ftp.esi.ac.at/pub/Preprints/esi891.ps.
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Coetzee, Louise. "Exploring the discourse construction of the Basic Human Values Theory across South African Racial Groups." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/62691.
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Shalom Schwartz invented the theory of Basic Human Values in 1987 – based on a study in which the quantitative data he collected, had been organised within an obscure manner. His theory has been validated and positioned as the universal way all individuals organise their values on a personal and cultural level, and has been researched in over 70 countries. South African researchers have however found significant challenges in replicating Schwartz's model within this multi-cultural society, and have ascribed the difficulties to ‘unintended item biases' within Schwartz's measurement instruments. This has been observed when utilising two different measurement instruments, as well as when further assessing ‘finer' sub-value types. A viable quantitative trend in utilising non-verbal assessment techniques has emerged, but has not been adapted for adults yet. In addition, Schwartz's theory has largely only been explored from a quantitative perspective, since its inception in 1987. Only four qualitative studies could be traced within Values-research which all highlighted a different way values were constructed and ordered, through utilising psycho-lexical research methodology. This type of research methodology does not necessarily highlight the effect of socio-economic and educational disparities within its participant's constructions, which Schwartz' highlighted a possible effect within South African research efforts. This study utilised a Social Constructionist approach known as Foucauldian Discourse Analysis to assist in deconstructing the ecology of values-talk from South African participants' linguistic expressions. Four focus group discussions were conducted across four different racial groups (White; Black; Indian and Coloured), as a means for unlocking the different discourses which govern the different ways in which South Africans ‘talk' about personal values. The analysis uncovered five different discourses which were activated and replicated throughout discussions – when constructing values which embraced participants socio-economic and educational positions. These discourses seemed to function in a complimentary and opposing nature at times, depending on the value being discussed. These constructions were compared to Schwartz's Basic Human Values model, and similarities and differences in constructions were discussed. In addition, the research findings were scrutinised to see how they could inform future qualitative research efforts to further explore how Schwartz's Basic Human Values model is ‘lived'. Finally, the study discusses its limitations and various considerations researchers would need to employ, when considering applying non-verbal assessment methodology within an abstract topic like values.Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Human Resource Management
MCom
Unrestricted
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Lima, Tiago Jessé Souza de. "Modelos de valores de Schwartz e Gouveia: comparando conteúdo, estrutura e poder preditivo." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2012. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/6903.
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ABSTRACT The main objective of the present dissertation was comparing the theories of Schwartz (Universal Theory of Human Values) and Gouveia (Functionalist Theory of Human Values), in function of their hypotheses of content and structure and predictive power. Two empirical studies were designed. The first study aimed to test the hypotheses of content (adequacy of the number of motivational types and subfunctions) and structure (spatial organization of values) of the two models. Participants were 1173 peoples with an average age of 25.1 years (sd = 8.5), they responded the following measures: Basic Values Questionnaire (BVQ), Schwartz Values Survey (SVS) and demographic questions. The hypotheses of content and structure were supported in both models; only in the case of Schwartz model the configuration (structure) differed when the estimator Torgerson was employed in confirmatory multidimensional scaling. Futhermore, the postulated circumplex structure of Schwartz s model was not confirmed. Study 2 assessed the relationship between values and behavior, trying to gauge the predictive power of the two theories. Participants were 836 peoples with an average age of 22.4 years (sd = 7.31), they responded the following measures: BVQ, Portraits Values Questionary (PVQ 21), demographic questions, and two measures of behavior, one for to represent the motivational types of Schwartz and another covering the subfunctions of Gouveia. In general, the two models offered a moderate correlation between values and behavioral indicators. The model of Gouveia (0.47, sd = 0.14) presented average correlations higher than Schwartz s model (0.33, dp = 0.08) [t = - 2.59, p < 0.01]. In conclusion, both theories presented satisfactory results, justifying that are employed in the context of studies on the correlates of human values. However, the model of Gouveia showed something more appropriate, especially when you consider this to be more parsimonious. The limitations of the studies were discussed, indicating that future research may help to know to what extent these models are specific and / or complementary.
RESUMO A presente dissertação tem por objetivo principal comparar as teorias de valores de Schwartz (Teoria Universal dos Valores Humanos) e Gouveia (Teoria Funcionalista dos Valores Humanos), considerando suas hipóteses de conteúdo e estrutura e seu poder preditivo. Realizaram-se dois estudos empíricos. O Estudo 1 teve por objetivo testar as hipóteses de conteúdo (adequação do número de tipos motivacionais e subfunções) e estrutura (organização espacial dos valores) dos dois modelos. Participaram 1.173 pessoas com idade média de 25,1 anos (dp = 8,5), os quais responderam os seguintes instrumentos: Questionário dos Valores Básicos (QVB), Questionário de Valores de Schwartz (SVS) e perguntas demográficas. As hipóteses de conteúdo e estrutura foram corroboradas em ambos os modelos; unicamente no caso do modelo de Schwartz a configuração (estrutura) diferiu quando empregado o estimador Torgerson no escalonamento multidimensional confirmatório. Além disso, a estrutura circumplex que este modelo pressupõe não foi confirmada. O Estudo 2 avaliou a relação entre valores e comportamentos, buscando avaliar o poder preditivo das duas teorias. Participaram 836 pessoas com idade média de 22,4 anos (dp = 7,31), que responderam os seguintes instrumentos: QVB, Portraits Values Questionnaire (PVQ-21) e perguntas demográficas, ademais de duas medidas comportamentais, sendo uma para representar os tipos motivacionais de Schwartz e outro que cobria as subfunções de Gouveia. De modo geral, os dois modelos resultaram em correlações moderadas com os indicadores comportamentais, com o modelo de Gouveia apresentando correlação média (0,47, dp = 0,14) superior ao de Schwartz (0,33, dp = 0,08) [t = -2,59, p < 0,01]. Concluindo, ambas as teorias apresentaram resultados satisfatórios, justificando que sejam empregadas no contexto de estudos sobre os correlatos dos valores humanos. Entretanto, ressalta-se que o modelo de Gouveia se mostrado algo mais adequado, sobretudo quando se tem em conta ser este mais parcimonioso. Discutem-se as limitações dos estudos, indicando pesquisas futuras que poderão contribuir para conhecer em que medida tais modelos são específicos e/ou se complementam.
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Singh, Noopur. "Analysing the behavioural barriers to transparency in the upstream textile supply chain : A cultural orientation lens on behaviours." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-23476.
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Transparency within the supply chain has become a key priority for textile brands in response to the growing stakeholder concerns around social and environmental impacts of the textile value chain. Textile industry is extremely labour dependent and adds massively to the environmental degradation, adding on to this the highly complex and scattered global supply chain network makes it more difficult for brands to implement transparency in their supply base. Due to the low-cost labour in developing countries, the majority of the textile suppliers is located in South Asia, where the cultural values have been found to be in sharp contrast to the Global West. Many prior studies have also highlighted the lack of supplier’s top management support as the linking barrier to sustainable initiatives. Hence, this research was designed to investigate the behaviour and attitude of top management executives towards various transparency dimensions, i.e., Traceability, Sustainability conditions (Social and environmental) and Purchasing practices, in order to understand the underlying behavioural barriers. The semi-structured interview with 9 top management executives across India and Sri Lanka revealed three major themes: (a) Transparency as business imperative, (b) Distrustful relationship with brand and (c) Tendency to externalise responsibility. The Schwartz theory of cultural orientation was used to examine the role of cultural value in explaining the identified behaviour of top management executives.
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Mair, Patrick, Eva Hofmann, Kathrin Gruber, Reinhold Hatzinger, Achim Zeileis, and Kurt Hornik. "What Drives Package Authors to Participate in the R Project for Statistical Computing? Exploring Motivation, Values, and Work Design." National Academy of Sciences, 2015. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4702/1/cranpnas.pdf.
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One of the cornerstones of the R system for statistical computing is the multitude of packages contributed by numerous package authors. This makes an extremely broad range of statistical techniques and other quantitative methods freely available. So far no empirical study has investigated psychological factors that drive authors to participate in the R project. This article presents a
study of R package authors, collecting data on different types of participation (number of packages, participation in mailing lists, participation in conferences), three psychological scales (types of motivation, psychological values, and work design characteristics), as well as various sociodemographic factors. The data are
analyzed using item response models and subsequent generalized linear models, showing that the most important determinants for participation are a hybrid form of motivation and the social characteristics of the work design. Other factors are found to have less impact or influence only specific aspects of participation. (authors' abstract)
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Alkindi, Ibrahim Ahmed Said. "Managerial practices and styles in developing countries: the influence of cultural values - a case study on the Sultanate of Oman." Thesis, Griffith University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365274.
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Managerial Practices and styles in Developing Countries'– The Influence of Cultural values: A Case Study on the Sultanate of Oman' is a thesis that is built on three pieces of independent research, which employed four different questionnaires. Study One in which 511 Omanis participated focused on defining cultural values: determine, describe, and analyse. Employing Schwartz values theory (1992, 1994); the results indicated that Omanis were concerned about peace, freedom from war and conflict, social justice, caring for the weak, equality, honouring parents, self restraint, discipline, and resistance to temptation.
Study Two: managerial practices and styles employed the Culpan and Kucukemiroglu's Scale (1993) and Khandwalla (1995b) to collect data from 287 managers. The results obtained show managers practiced supervisory style, decision making, communication pattern, control mechanism, interdepartmental relations, and paternalistic orientation while their style was bureaucratic, authoritarian, entrepreneurial, organic, professional, and conservative.
Examining the relationship between cultural values and managerial practices and styles '– based on the findings of Study One and Study Two '– Study Three concluded that cultural values had a significant and crucial impact on the performance and actions of the managers within the public and private sectors. Furthermore, the study found out that specific values, practices, and styles, work situation, and sector type were the result of the strong influence of each of the seventeen variables employed in the thesis.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Business School
Department of Management
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Eriksson, Rebecca, Lisa Olsson, and Ida Thomsson. "”Det borde liksom räcka med att man röstar” : 90-talisters attityder till ekologisk hållbar konsumtion." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-21663.
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I denna studie presenteras forskning om 90-talisters attityder till ekologisk hållbarkonsumtion. Studien är skriven utifrån ett kvalitativt angreppssätt där datainsamlingen har skett genom två fokusgrupper, en med män och en med kvinnor. Syftet är att undersöka 90-talisters attityd till ekologisk hållbar konsumtion och besvaras genom tre frågeställningar. De två första frågeställningarna berör motiv och ansvar för ekologisk hållbar konsumtion och den tredje är en jämförelse mellan kön. Analysen grundar sig i ett teoretiskt ramverk med Schwartz grundläggande värderingar och Locus of Control. Studiens resultat visar att 90-talisters attityder till ekologisk hållbar konsumtion i allmänhet är positiv och komplex. De värderingar som framkom i diskussionerna tar uttryck i motiv som pris, smak, hälsa och omvärldsrelaterade motiv. Attityder till vem som har ansvaret till att utveckla en ekologisk hållbar konsumtion skiljer sig mellan individerna men de är överens om att situationen är komplex och svår att reda ut. Några av deltagarna vill att staten eller företagen ska ta tag i problemet medan andra anser att de själva som individer har ett stort ansvar. Vissa attityder och värderingar skiljer sig mellan männen och kvinnorna, men i bådagrupperna finns olika argument och det går inte att dra direkta slutsatser mellan könen. Gemensamt för båda grupperna är att de själva anser att de saknar kunskap om vad ekologiskhållbar konsumtion innebär. Denna studie bidrar med en viss förståelse för hur 90-talister ser på ekologisk hållbarkonsumtion och vad de anser krävs för att utveckla en hållbar konsumtion. För att få ett mergeneraliserbart resultat skulle en kvantitativ studie rekommenderas till framtida forskning.This study presents research on 90's generation’s attitudes to organic sustainable consumption. The study is written from a qualitative approach where data has been collected through two focus groups, one with men and one with women. The purpose is to examine the attitude of the 90’s generation to organic sustainable consumption and will be answered by three questions. The two first questions concerns the motivation and responsibility for organic sustainable consumption and the third is a comparison between gender. Analyzes are based on a theoretical framework with Schwartz Theory of Basic Values and Locus of Control. The results of the study shows that the attitudes to organic sustainable consumption are generally positive and complex. The values that emerged in the discussions expresses motives such as price, taste, health and environmental motives. Attitudes toward who is responsible to develop an organic sustainable consumption differs between the respondents, however they understand that the situation is complex and difficult to solve. Some of the participants believes the state or companies should deal with the problem, while some believe it is themselves as individuals who has the responsibility. Some attitudes and values differ between men and women, but there are different arguments in both groups and direct conclusions cannot be drawn between the genders. Both groups believe they have a lack of knowledge about what organic sustainable consumption means. This study contributes to a certain understanding of the 90’s generation view on sustainable consumption and what they consider necessary to develop a sustainable consumption. In order to achieve a more generalizable result, a quantitative study would be recommended for future research. This study is written in swedish.
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Hoover, Kristine F. "Values and Organizational Culture Perceptions: A Study of Relationships and Antecedents to Managerial Moral Judgment." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1262891809.
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Awaida-Nachabe, Nadia. "Examining Cross-cultural Affective Components of Global Competence From a Value Perspective." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6798.
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The purpose of this study was to explore perceived importance of cultural values and affective components in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region and their relationships. This study identified which of the nine affective components of global competence and four higher order cultural values were perceived to be important in the MENA region. It also examined the correlations between cultural values and affective components and whether significant differences existed based on gender, age, and country of citizenship.
This research involved the combination of Wallenberg-Lerner’s Affective Component Questionnaire (ACQ) and Schwartz’s Portrait Value Questionnaire (PVQ). In conjunction with a demographic information form, the Affective Component Value Questionnaire (ACVQ) was developed. A panel of experts assisted in establishing the validity of the instrument.
All nine affective components were perceived to be important in this global era. Self-assurance, Tolerance for Ambiguity, and Connectedness were perceived to be the most important affective components of global competence, while the cultural value of Self-transcendence was recognized as the most important. Several positive correlations existed between three cultural values and eight affective components. The cultural value of Self-transcendence had the highest number of positive correlations with the seven affective components. Self-enhancement did not reveal any correlations.
Analysis of variance was conducted to determine the differences in perceptions based on age, gender, and country of citizenship. No significant differences were present in the perceptions of the affective components and the cultural values based on gender. Perceptions by age were similar for the affective components, but differed for the cultural values. MENA citizens between the ages of 18-25 years more highly regarded the cultural value of Openness to Change and the 46 years and older age group more highly regarded Conservation than the other groups. Perceptions by country of citizenship differed for the affective components, but were similar for the cultural values. Lebanon more highly regarded the affective components, of Adaptability and Empathy. Morocco more highly regarded Connectedness while Tunisia more highly regarded Curiosity.
The findings of this research could have a global benefit of raising the awareness and the integration of the MENA’s perceptions of global competencies into the areas of education, research, policy initiatives, and the private sector.
Books on the topic "Schwartz values theory"
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The Bartle-Dunford-Schwartz integral: Integration with respect to a sigma-additive vector measure. Basel: Birkhäuser, 2008.
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F, America Richard, ed. The Wealth of races: The present value ofbenefits from past injustices. New York: Greenwood, 1990.
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The Barmen Declaration as a paradigm for a theology of the American church. Lewiston: E. Mellen Press, 1991.
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Muelder, Walter George. The Ethical Edge of Christian Theology: Forty Years of Communitarian Personalism. Lewiston, New York: Edwin Mellen Press, 1994.
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Batz, Thomas, ed. Betriebliches Bildungsmanagement. Tectum – ein Verlag in der Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783828877139.
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Bringing employees to a high level of education and keeping them there permanently is one of the core tasks of human resource development. In principle, the question is whether to entrust one's training needs to external providers or to realise this central task oneself. Many companies have reacted to the existing training and further education needs of their employees by founding their own academy. The opportunity to ensure the value of the "human capital" itself seems too important. Often, company-owned academies are only available to the company's own employees, but in some cases they are also open to external interested parties. As part of a cooperation between Academy Würth and the DHBW Heilbronn, students of the HR focus examined the possibilities of company education management. With contributions by Constanze Albrecht, Kim Celina Binder, Daniel Börner, Francis Fahnert, Kim Herbstritt, Hanna Hummel, Ilias Kassaras, Cassandra Klocek, Natascha Matkic, Anne Maurer, Angela Di Pinto, Katharina Rupp, Denise Schick,Stefan Schwartl, Roman Suhr and Anouk Walter.
Book chapters on the topic "Schwartz values theory"
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Roth, Florentine Mariele Sophie, and Ingo Winkler. "Schwartz’ Values and Motivation Theory." In B Corp Entrepreneurs, 37–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90167-1_4.
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De Giorgis, Stefano, Aldo Gangemi, and Rossana Damiano. "Basic Human Values and Moral Foundations Theory in ValueNet Ontology." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 3–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17105-5_1.
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Abstract Values, as intended in ethics, determine the shape and validity of moral and social norms, grounding our everyday individual and community behavior on commonsense knowledge. The attempt to untangle human moral and social value-oriented structure of relations requires investigating both the dimension of subjective human perception of the world, and socio-cultural dynamics and multi-agent social interactions. Formalising latent moral content in human interaction is an appealing perspective that would enable a deeper understanding of both social dynamics and individual cognitive and behavioral dimension. To formalize this broad knowledge area, in the context of ValueNet, a modular ontology representing and operationalising moral and social values, we present two modules aiming at representing two main informal theories in literature: (i) the Basic Human Values theory by Shalom Schwartz and (ii) the Moral Foundations Theory by Graham and Haidt. ValueNet is based on reusable Ontology Design Patterns, is aligned to the DOLCE foundational ontology, and is a component of the Framester factual-linguistic knowledge graph.
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Krarup, Troels. "Justification, Values or Concerns? Pragmatist Theories of Morality and Civic Engagements in Local Urban Greenspaces." In Nonprofit and Civil Society Studies, 147–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98798-5_7.
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AbstractMuch scholarship on social movements builds on (American) pragmatist ground. However, Boltanski and Thévenot’s (French) pragmatist theory of justification has received less attention. The theory promises a way to bridge between American pragmatist social movement studies and theories about universal human values and repertoires of engagement, such as Shalom Schwartz’. Upon presenting and discussing the French theory of justification, the chapter sets out to assess its analytical usefulness in relation to a national survey on civic engagements in local urban greenspaces in Denmark. The survey questionnaire includes measures for each of the ‘justificatory regimes’ distinguished by the theory. However, contrary to expectations, the results indicate a strong tendency for all eight justificatory regimes to correlate positively. Moreover, an index combining the eight measures into one variable correlates strongly with civic engagement in local urban greenspaces. On this basis, it is suggested that the measures capture a more conventionally situated American pragmatist ‘concern’ for greenspaces. In conclusion, the theoretical as well as methodological implications of studying concerns rather than justifications are discussed.
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Kheir, Sawsan, Habibe Erdiş Gökce, Clara Marlijn Meijer, and Ruth Illman. "Minority and Majority Positions: The Religious Subjectivities and Value Profiles Among Muslim Students in Israel and Turkey." In The Diversity Of Worldviews Among Young Adults, 265–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94691-3_13.
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AbstractRecent research indicates that global changes in life views, religion, and values are taking place. This study explores reflections of these changes on the religious subjectivities and value profiles of young adult Muslim students in Turkey and in Israel. These cases were chosen based on their similar religious backgrounds on the one hand, and the large differences in their cultural and political contexts on the other.Our findings are based on a mixed-method study, Young Adults and Religion in a Global Perspective (YARG), which includes the Schwartz’s value survey (PVQ-RR) and the Faith Q-Sort-method (FQS) developed by Prof. David Wulff. Muslim students in Israel reported higher degrees of self- and family religiosity, and involvement in religious practices in private, as compared to Muslim students in Turkey. Furthermore, the analysis of the FQS yielded five different prototypes for each group, and similarities between certain pairs of prototypes were observed. Our results indicate that despite the shared religious affiliation to Islam, the cultural context of each group contributes largely to differences in religious subjectivities and values between young adult Muslim students in Turkey and in Israel. Such a comparison valuably contributes to understanding the socio-psychological factors that shape the results of the interchange between processes of convergence of cultural values with the persistence of traditional values.
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Schwartz, Shalom H., and Jan Cieciuch. "Values." In The ITC International Handbook of Testing and Assessment, 106–19. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780199356942.003.0008.
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The concept and measurement of values undergoes continued development and change. Yet several issues persist. Are people aware of their values, or are values unavailable to conscious awareness? Shouldvalues be measured directly because people can articulate them, or indirectly because people have no access to them? Can these views be reconciled? While tracing the development of values theory through the approaches of Allport and Vernon, Rokeach, and Schwartz, this chapter examines these and other questions that values researchers confront. Is there a comprehensive set of human values and how could one discover it? To what extent are people’s values organized into meaningful systems and on what bases? What different methods are there to measure values in adults and children? What assumptions do these methods make about the nature of values? What are the advantages and disadvantages of rating versus ranking techniques? What new directions is value measurement taking?
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Sánchez-García, José C., and Brizeida R. Hernández-Sánchez. "Nascent Entrepreneurs, Psychological Characteristics, and Sociocultural Background." In Nascent Entrepreneurship and Successful New Venture Creation, 111–31. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2936-1.ch005.
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Entrepreneurial intention as a psychological process has been investigated from several points of view which, although employing similar methodologies, have used different variables. Our aim here is to explain the reasons why some individuals tend more towards entrepreneurship than others. For these explanations we look towards Schwartz's Theory of Cultural Values. Schwarz structures cultural values in relation to three bipolar dimensions: conservation vs autonomy, hierarchy vs egalitarianism and mastery vs harmony. To analyse these variables, we applied the EOQ scale to a sample of 600 nascent entrepreneurs aged between 25 and 35, pertaining to different autonomous communities in Spain. After application and evaluation of the results, it can be concluded that there are significant differences in the personal, contextual and entrepreneurial intention variables as regards gender, parent's occupation(s) and autonomous community
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Nedelko, Zlatko, and Maciej Brzozowski. "The Importance of Behavior and Personal Values for Managers' Attitudes Towards Innovativeness." In Advances in Human Resources Management and Organizational Development, 164–82. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2480-9.ch009.
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The main purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of prevalent management behavior on management attitudes about creativeness and innovativeness, while also considering the impact of personal values, in three Central European economies, having different development paths, namely Slovenia, Austria, and Poland. Personal values are measured using Schwartz value survey, using openness to change, conservation, self-transcendence and self-enhancement value dimensions. Results reveal that manager's behavior significantly influences on manager's attitudes regarding innovativeness, in all three countries. The impact of personal values on shaping management behavior and manager's attitudes toward innovativeness is significant only in few instances in Austrian sample, while in Slovenia and Poland it is insignificant. Regarding the mediating effect of managers' personal values on the association between management behavior and their creativeness, our results reveal marginal role of personal values.
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Deutsch, Franziska. "Political Participation across Cultures." In The Oxford Handbook of Political Participation, 505–22. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198861126.013.30.
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Abstract Abstract: This chapter examines the role of culture, understood as a common or shared system of orientation, as a context for political participation. Focusing on value patterns as an important characteristic that differentiates cultures, it reviews three empirical, dimensional approaches to the study of cultural values and their impact on political participation: Hofstede (2001, 2010, 2011), Schwartz (1999, 2006, 2008), and Inglehart and Welzel (2005). Using representative survey data from the European Values Study and World Values Survey (EVS/WVS 2017-2020), illustrative empirical evidence complements this overview. It is argued that while often overlooked, culture provides a fruitful approach to the study of political participation across contexts and should be included more systematically in comparative research.
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Lupia, Arthur. "Value Diversity and How to Manage It." In Uninformed Why People Seem to Know So Little about Politics and What We Can Do about It. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190263720.003.0015.
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Value diversity causes people to give different answers to questions like “What information is most valuable to convey?” and “Who needs to know what?” I define values as do Shalom Schwartz and Wolfgang Bilsky (1987: 551). By values, they mean “(a) concepts or beliefs, (b) about desirable end states or behaviors, (c) that transcend specific situations, (d) guide selection or evaluation of behavior and events, and (e) are ordered by relative importance.” By value diversity, I refer to the different values that people have. This chapter is about how value diversity affects claims about what is worth knowing and, hence, an educator’s ability to get prospective learners and supporters to participate in an educational endeavor. Some critics and educators regard values as a nuisance— particularly the values of those with whom they disagree. These critics want people to teach a particular set of conclusions about a subject that matters to them. They often see others’ values as illegitimate and as getting in the way of a rational conversation about issues that they consider important. These claims manifest as advice for others to focus on “just the facts.” I will show that these critiques often reflect a misunderstanding of how values affect learning. I will also show how to overcome these misunderstandings in ways that enhance educators’ abilities to increase many kinds of knowledge and competence. . . . Here is a short summary of the chapter’s main conclusions: Values affect how people perceive and process information. Values drive individuals to embrace certain types of information and reject others. Values often have these effects before prospective learners are conscious of them, and they have these effects even if prospective learners have trouble describing them. . . . In other words, values affect the types of information prospective learners are willing to pay attention to and regard as credible. As attention and credibility are critical assets for educators to possess, and as political situations often include people with different values, educators who understand how values affect learning can make more effective choices about what information to convey.
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Nadel, Meryl. "Expansive Growth, Changing Times: 1950s–1970s." In Not Just Play, 76–86. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190496548.003.0007.
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“Expansive Growth, Changing Times: 1950s–1970s” examines social work involvement in summer camps during the prosperous postwar years. With social group work achieving acceptance as a method within the profession, camps provided a venue for leading social workers to advance theories of group development, provide principles for staff training and supervision, advocate management standards, and offer insights into youth development. During this vibrant, exciting period, social workers including Olive Crocker, Jack R. Goldberg, Gisela Konopka, William Schwartz, and others contributed to the literature. Camps communicated progressive values supporting social justice, political activism, and racial integration. Their approach was sophisticated and intellectual. Vignettes based on interviews and other sources convey portraits of two renowned camps with social work leadership: Camp Minisink and Camp Wel-Met.
Conference papers on the topic "Schwartz values theory"
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Sarich, Conner, Adam Hope, and Jim Rule. "Optimization of Interfacial Energy for Langer-Schwartz Based Precipitation Simulations." In HT2021. ASM International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.ht2021exabp0076.
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Abstract Precipitation kinetics were investigated in select Fe, Ni, and Al alloys using a CALPHAD based precipitation model based on Langer-Schwartz theory. Thermodynamic and kinetic data are taken from commercially available CALPHAD software, but reliable interfacial energy data for precipitates needed for the calculations is often lacking. While models exist to approximate these interfacial energies, this study has focused on deriving more reliable estimates by comparison with experimental data. By performing simulations with thermal histories, nucleation sites, and precipitate morphologies that closely replicate experimental data found in literature, the interfacial energies were optimized until volume fraction and mean radius values closely matched the published data. Using this technique, interfacial energy values have been determined for carbides in Grade 22 low alloy steels, delta phase in Ni 625 and 718, SPhase in Al 2024, and Q’ and β’’ in Al 6111, and can be used for future predictive precipitation simulations.
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Hamranová, Anežka, and Blandína Šramová. "DIFFERENCES IN PREFERRED VALUE STRUCTURE BETWEEN ADOLESCENT BOYS AND GIRLS." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2022v1end061.
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"The article’s main purpose is to present the value structure of adolescents. The period of adolescence is significantly important in an adolescent´s life in terms of the formation of the value structure. The structure of values firmly directs adolescents to choose their lifestyle and shows the direction of personality motivation. The preference for specific values is influenced not only by the adolescent´s personality, but also by his interests, needs, attitudes, and various events in his life. The research sample consisted of Slovak adolescents (N=335, girls N=205, boys N=130). The average age was 16.3 years. Our interest was focused on gender differences in the structure of values, measured using the Portrait Value Questionnaire (PVQ, Schwartz, 2003). The results showed a difference in preferred value structures (statistically significant) between girls and boys. Girls scored higher in the values of self-direction, universalism, openness to change, and self-transcendence."
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Opsenica Kostic, Jelena, Damjana Panic, and Milica Mitrovic. "ATTITUDES OF STUDENTS TOWARDS GAMETE DONATION AND BASIC LIFE VALUES." In International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021inpact048.
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"Gamete donation is a procedure that includes the “reproductive others” in the process of conception. There are numerous dilemmas related to donation while various European countries have different ways of solving them. In the Republic of Serbia, only voluntary gamete donation is allowed, and donors can only be women and men from the general population, or women included in the In vitro fertilization process. The donors remain anonymous to the child which was conceived with their help. Overcoming infertility in this way usually includes building public awareness, especially when it is not a common practice in that society, and work should be done on forming positive attitudes towards the donation. Experience from other countries indicates that sperm donation usually does not represent a problem, but there is greater demand for egg cells than the existing supply, which is an additional reason for studying attitudes and planning appropriate campaigns. In this study, the attitudes of university students (N = 503; 206 young men, 297 young women) towards gamete donation were analyzed, as were the differences in the extent of basic values about acceptance of the donation. We used several questions to determine the attitudes towards donations, including those specially designed for this research and the Schwartz Personal Values Questionnaire (Schwartz, 2002). University students are young people who represent not only potential donors but also the everyday environment of couples who require a donation. As highly educated individuals, they have the potential to be attitude holders. The results have shown generally positive attitudes of the students towards donation. The differences in certain basic values among the participants who support donation were obtained only for the sub-sample of young men: a more pronounced Openness to change and Self-transcendence. The authors present some specific ideas regarding the promotion of gamete donation in general – for example, we believe that in the supporting campaign for donation it would be more appropriate to use Self-transcendence than Openness to change."
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Li, Wenhua, and Ziqi Ye. "Advertising and Values: A Study on Cultural values Manifested in Advertising Targeting the Urban Middle Class in China." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001850.
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Advertising is the mirror that reflects social and cultural trends and is capable of shaping society (Sivulka, 2012). We are influenced subtly by the meanings advertisers create in advertisements; in turn, our lifestyles and value priorities can affect the strategies of advertising design and branding. However, this mirror is distorted since advertising reflects only selected attitudes, values, lifestyles, and philosophies that work for sellers’ interests (Pollay, 1987). This paper examined the advertisements launched in nine of the most popular lifestyle magazines in China, to identify the frequently used values manifested in advertising, and its influences on the lifestyles of Chinese consumers. Two key theories are adopted in the value and advertising study: Hofstede’s five dimensions of national culture (1984) and Schwartz’s theory of basic values (1992). 525 print advertisements were selected. The advertising appeals were coded to identify the values that appeared most frequently in the advertisements. Pollay’s measurement of values manifest in advertising (1983) is used as the basic measurement guide. The value theme categories selected for content analysis were based on Schwartz’s value system. 12 values are finally adopted in the coding process: Family, Kinship affection, Accomplishment, Enjoyment, Social status, Love, Sense of belonging, Social responsibility, Utility, Self-fulfillment, Economic value, Authority power. After content analysis, we found that “utility,” “enjoyment,” “social status,” “accomplishment,” and “authority power” are the top five most frequently used values in advertisements targeting the Chinese middle and elite classes. This finding suggests that advertisements in China still play an important role in delivering utility information in product functions and effectiveness. Enjoyment is the second most frequently used value in these advertisements. Enjoyment is considered a typical western value (Cheng, 1997), which was forbidden in Confucian tradition. In Confucian tradition, enjoyment is discouraged. Working hard and not spending more than necessary are considered virtues (Hofstede and Bond, 1988). Nowadays, enjoyment is legitimated by mass media, western movies, and advertisements. Pursuing good quality life and enjoying it is considered a reward for hard work. The value of social status is the third frequently used value theme in magazine advertisements. As elite magazines are targeting the Chinese middle class, their audiences are readers who desire to move upward to a higher social status. These people are likely to have status consumption. They want to express their social status through consumer goods. The status meanings of consumer goods are usually delivered via advertisements using “social status” value. The frequent use of social status value in advertisements shows the strong need of Chinese consumers for social status. When values of consumers are consistent with the values reflected in advertising, the likeability toward advertisements, products, and brands will increase, and consequently, advertising will be more effective (Polegato and Bjerke, 2006). This study examines value and lifestyle issues from the perspective of advertising in emerging markets. The mediating role of advertising enables us to better understand the formation of and changes in the values and lifestyles of the new middle class in emerging markets, such as China. The findings of this study can also contribute to advertisers and designers by enabling them to understand the value themes in advertisements that attract them the most.
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Lopandin, Konstantin. "Vision of Happiness, and Life Values of Different Generations." In The Public/Private in Modern Civilization, the 22nd Russian Scientific-Practical Conference (with international participation) (Yekaterinburg, April 16-17, 2020). Liberal Arts University – University for Humanities, Yekaterinburg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35853/ufh-public/private-2020-38.
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The analysis of generational differences has been a relevant topic in some social sciences for the last years. Happiness as a phenomenon has just recently become a focal point of psychologists. There has still been little research into determinants of happiness in different generations. In the research paper, the author explores the relationship between perceptions of happiness across generations and the values that accompany them. The study was carried out with the use of such methods as content-analysis, factor analysis, the technique of S. Schwartz, statistic methods. Main results: the main associations obtained for the stimulus word ‘happiness’ are highlighted and described; a comparison of the results from the factor analysis is given. The author comes to a generalised conclusion regarding the important difference in the understanding of happiness between generations X (the relevance of health) and Y (the relevance of an interesting life) and regarding the similarity of other notions of ‘happiness’ across generations. Differences in perceptions of happiness were found: for generation X it is health, for generation Y it is an interesting life. Both of the generation share the opinion that the most significant markers of human happiness are a healthy family, strong personal relationships, a job, a home and wealth. Safety and tranquillity are also important, but with the above, all setbacks are overcome as temporary obstacles that add to one’s sense of ‘happiness’. The hypothesis that perceptions of happiness are determined by different values due to intergenerational differences has been confirmed.
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Dickey, Fred M., and Louis A. Romero. "Consequences of the normalization of correlation filters." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.thtt7.
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The technique of using correlation filters for optical pattern recognition has received considerable study.1 Several variations on the matched filter have been suggested. They include phase-only filters (POFs), binary phase-only filters (BPOFs), complex ternary matched filters (CTMFs) and synthetic discriminate functions (SDFs). Generally, in the development of optical correlation filters, little attention has been given to the normalization of the filter output. Goodman suggested that the matched filter be normalized by means of the Cauchy–Schwarz inequality.2 The Cauchy–Schwarz inequality can be applied to arbitrary correlation filters. This normalization achieves intensity invariance. It can be seen that the matched filter achieves the maximum normalized value of unity. For all other correlation filters, a value less than unity is obtained. In general, it can be shown that for filters other than the matched filter, there are objects that give normalized correlation outputs greater than the object for which the filter was made. This simple normalization has consequences for the design, bandwidth selection, and discrimination ability for the above mentioned filters. The results of analysis and simple examples will be presented.
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Amerinatanzi, Amirhesam, Narges Shayesteh Moghaddam, Hamdy Ibrahim, and Mohammad Elahinia. "The Effect of Porosity Type on the Mechanical Performance of Porous NiTi Bone Implants." In ASME 2016 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2016-9293.
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NiTi has been shown to be of great interest for bone implant applications. Introducing porosity to NiTi bone implants is an effective technique to tune their equivalent modulus of elasticity in order to acquire similar value to that of cortical bone. Moreover, such porous implants allow for better tissue ingrowth due to the interconnecting open pore structure. The effect of porosity percentage on the NiTi equivalent modulus of elasticity is well understood. However, the effect of porosity type on NiTi bone implant’s performance, in terms of the geometrical structure and other mechanical properties, has not yet been investigated. To this end, we simulated three porous structures made of shape memory Ti-rich Ni50.09Ti alloy. The effect of porosity type on the NiTi implant’s geometrical structure and mechanical properties was studied using numerical tests. The purpose is to compare three NiTi implants with different kinds of porosities, at a similar level of porosity (i.e., 69 %). The assigned porosity types in this study are Schwartz-type, Gyroid-type, and Diamond-type. Three triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) models (9mm×9mm×9mm) with the assigned fixed level of porosity (69 %) were designed as CAD files using Solidworks. Each model was meshed, and the convergence study was conducted. The three models were then imported into a finite element package (ABAQUS). A UMAT code developed by IUT (Isfahan University of Technology) group was used to simulate the mechanical behavior of the shape memory NiTi alloy. All boundary conditions and loading conditions were applied to the models. Compressive mechanical tests were simulated in the finite element, and the resultant equivalent modulus of elasticity, elongations, stress, and strain was estimated. The results show anisotropic behavior within the three different porous structures. With the same level of porosity (i.e., 69 %), equivalent modulus of elasticity was observed to be 48.9, 34.8, and 30.2 GPa for Schwartz-type, Gyroid-type, and Diamond-type, respectively. Moreover, the Schwartz-type scaffold was seen to offer the highest stress at plateau start and the lowest residual strain after unloading, in comparison with the other two types of structure.
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Schwartz, Mark, and Cal Disney. "Art of the Deal: Building WTE in the 21st Century." In 16th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec16-1942.
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The nation’s first successful commercial waste-to-energy facility went on-line in 1975 and the industry has accumulated a three-decade long track record—operating safely, improving efficiencies, and meeting new, tougher environmental standards. The industry has matured and has learned from operating experience. But as the industry faces a revival, have we also learned to improve on the art of the deal? In the past, the standard lump sum RFP approach forced project sponsors and vendors into a type of Russian roulette—one-sided gamesmanship that opened one or both sides to unreasonable risk with willing partners in the construction and financial community. On today’s financial and financial risk playing field, though, Wheelabrator believes that the road to prosperity—for sponsor and vendor—is found in above-board open book negotiations. It’s a process designed to reduce economic risk and provides a more realistic picture of the actual cost of the project once it’s in the ground and operating. Mark Schwartz, Senior Manager of Business Development for Wheelabrator Technologies, and Cal Disney, Vice President of Whiting-Turner, will review the pitfalls of the past and discuss how the process can be improved when all parties participate in the design, permitting and construction oversight of a facility. They will discuss how the process can lead to contracts with fixed costs, lower capital costs, minimal risks and a public private partnership that gets the most value for taxpayer dollars.
Reports on the topic "Schwartz values theory"
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Osterrieder, Martina, and Anne-Christine Banze. Kodierhandbuch zur Analyse impliziter Wertvorstellungen in Texten : Übertragung der Schwartzschen Wertekategorien in ein Kategoriensystem für eine strukturierende Inhaltsanalyse. Otto-Friedrich-Universität, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20378/irb-53910.
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Das vorliegende Kodierhandbuch ermöglicht die inhaltsanalytische Untersuchung von impliziten Wertvorstellungen in Texten. Das Kategoriensystem wurde ausgehend von der „Theory of Basic Individual Values“ von Shalom Schwartz et al. (2012) entwickelt. Dazu wurde eine Übertragung der Fragebogenskalen des Personal Values Questionnaire in ein Kategoriensystem für die qualitative Inhaltsanalyse vorgenommen.