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1
Rovira, Núria, Sibel Özgen, Magda Medir, Jordi Tous, and Joan Ramon Alabart. "Human Values in the Team Leader Selection Process." Spanish journal of psychology 15, no. 1 (March 2012): 216–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/rev_sjop.2012.v15.n1.37313.
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The selection process of team leaders is fundamental if the effectiveness of teams is to be guaranteed. Human values have proven to be an important factor in the behaviour of individuals and leaders. The aim of this study is twofold. The first is to validate Schwartz's survey of human values. The second is to determine whether there are any relationships between the values held by individuals and their preferred roles in a team. Human values were measured by the items of the Schwartz Value Survey (SVS) and the preferred roles in a team were identified by the Belbin Self Perception Inventory (BSPI). The two questionnaires were answered by two samples of undergraduate students (183 and 177 students, respectively). As far as the first objective is concerned, Smallest Space Analysis (SSA) was performed at the outset to examine how well the two-dimensional circular structure, as postulated by Schwartz, was represented in the study population. Then, the results of this analysis were compared and contrasted with those of two other published studies; one by Schwartz (2006) and one by Ros and Grad (1991). As for the second objective, Pearson correlation coefficients were computed to assess the associations between the ratings on the SVS survey items and the ratings on the eight team roles as measured by the BSPI.
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Sharma, Rajat. "Reinventing the Universal Structure of Human Values: Development of a New Holistic Values Scale to Measure Indian Values." Journal of Human Values 27, no. 2 (April 28, 2021): 175–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971685821993945.
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This article investigates the universal values scale, Schwartz Value Survey (SVS) for its applicability to measure cultural context-specific values. The study establishes a need to construct a new scale by identifying and incorporating Indian culture-specific values in SVS. Deriving data using self-assessment questionnaires from 709 respondents in 2 studies and analysing them using principal component analysis and structural equation modelling, the article reconceptualizes Schwartz’s Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ) and the 10 motivational value factors and develops a new 76-item Holistic Values Scale (HVS) to measure Indian values using well-established scale development methods. The article further presents the research and policy implications and future research areas in this domain.
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Nesterova, Tatiana Vyacheslavovna, Svetlana Georgievna Persiyanova, and Bagaudin Ibragimovich Karadzhev. "Basic values of Russian and foreign students (comparative aspect)." Revista Tempos e Espaços em Educação 14, no. 33 (February 21, 2021): e15263. http://dx.doi.org/10.20952/revtee.v14i33.15263.
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The article deals with the comparison of the basic values of modern students (Russian and foreign). The authors examine and compare basic values held by modern students (Russian and foreign). The study is based on the typology of basic values of Russians (research project "Tomskaya initsiativa", 2001) and the list of values from the S. Schwartz Value Survey. The respondents are asked to choose 10 key values out of 40 basic values and assess them using the S. Schwartz scale. The surveys performed by the authors at the Pushkin State Russian Language Institute and Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University are used as the materials for the study.
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Bilsky, Wolfgang, Anna K. Döring, Franka van Beeck, Isabel Rose, Johanna Schmitz, Katrin Aryus, Lisa Drögekamp, and Jeannette Sindermann. "Assessment of Children’s Value Structures and Value Preferences." Swiss Journal of Psychology 72, no. 3 (January 2013): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185/a000106.
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Contrary to those of adults and adolescents, children’s value structures and value preferences have rarely been investigated. This paper bridges this gap by building on Schwartz’s (1992 ) value theory. We present two studies: one in which children from Germany, Portugal, and Chile, aged 10 to 12 years, completed the Portrait Values Questionnaire ( Schwartz et al., 2001 ); and one in which children from Germany and France, aged 7 to 12 years, completed the Picture-Based Value Survey for Children ( Döring, Blauensteiner, Aryus, Drögekamp, & Bilsky, 2010 ). Theory-based multidimensional scaling analyses revealed differentiated value structures in both studies. Findings on children’s value preferences converged with evidence from adult samples ( Schwartz & Bardi, 2001 ). The results are discussed in light of the present state of knowledge and consequences for future research.
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Lan, George. "Personal Values and Value Priorities of Undergraduate Business Students." Business and Professional Ethics Journal 38, no. 2 (2019): 147–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/bpej201961879.
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The Schwartz Values Survey (SVS), developed by Shalom Schwartz, was used to explore the values and value priorities of undergraduate business students in a mid-sized Canadian university. These business students considered family security as their top individual value and ranked successful, healthy, and enjoying life among their top ten individual values. On the other hand, detachment, accepting my portion in life and social power were least valued. They regarded Benevolence and Achievement as their top two value types (cluster of related values), and ranked the higher order meta-value Self-Transcendence first followed by Openness to Change. The accounting and finance majors considered Hedonism as their top priority while the other business majors valued Benevolence most highly; however, overall, there were more similarities than differences between these two groups. When compared with the males, females valued the meta-value Self-Transcendence significantly more and exhibited values and value systems that have more of a social focus and less of a personal focus. First-year and fourth-year business students ranked the meta-values in the same order; however, Self-Transcendence was rated as significantly more important to the students in their first year compared to those in their fourth year.
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Burgess, Steven M., Shalom Schwartz, and Roger D. Blackwell. "Do Values Share Universal Content and Structure? A South African Test." South African Journal of Psychology 24, no. 1 (March 1994): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124639402400101.
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Schwartz recently proposed a new theory concerning the universal content and structure of values, a new value survey for measuring them and reported empirical support from 35 countries for many elements of the theory. In this article the validity of the theory is examined in two studies of diverse groups not previously tested using multiple value measurement instruments. In Study 1, 1364 subjects from the four major racial groupings completed the Rokeach Value Survey, a widely used values scale applicable to the theory, as part of a doctoral research project not previously analysed in this way. Study 2 subjects completed the new Schwartz Value Survey as part of a study of consumption patterns, media use, and leisure preferences of skilled labour, administrative and managerial staff commissioned by the Midrand Town Council. The results of both studies are consistent with the new theory and suggest important implications regarding value meaning in South Africa. The authors close by suggesting directions for future southern African values research.
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Λαμπρίδης, Ευθύμιος, and Αικατερίνη Δελαβέκουρα. "Κοινωνικές αξίες νέων παραβατών: Διερευνητική μελέτη." Psychology: the Journal of the Hellenic Psychological Society 20, no. 2 (October 15, 2020): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/psy_hps.23532.
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The present, exploratory, study aims to investigate the social values of juvenile delinquents under the light of the social values theory proposed by S. Schwartz. Its main objectives are: First, to examine the structure of social values of juvenile delinquents. Second, to highlight possible relations between social values priorities and a number of demographic variables such as gender, educational level and type of crime. For this reason juvenile delinquents (N = 130) which are under probation completed a self-reported questionnaire composed of the Social Values Survey (SVS, Schwartz, 1992) and a form of demographic data. Smallest space analysis revealed 10 distinct value types, equivalent to those proposed by Schwartz’s model. Value types of benevolence, hedonism and self-direction were found to be of highest priority, whereas value types such as power and tradition were found to be the less guiding principles in our participants’ lives. Statistically significant differences were detected with respect to gender and not with respect to educational level and type of crime. In every case the prioritization of value types was the same. This particular finding taken together with relative findings regarding social values in Greece pinpoints that juvenile delinquents share common values and value priorities with non delinquents of similar age.
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Leite, Ângela, Ana Ramires, Diogo Guedes Vidal, Hélder Fernando Pedrosa e. Sousa, Maria Alzira Pimenta Dinis, and Alexandra Fidalgo. "Hierarchical Cluster Analysis of Human Value Priorities and Associations with Subjective Well-Being, Subjective General Health, Social Life, and Depression across Europe." Social Sciences 10, no. 2 (February 20, 2021): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10020074.
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Human values are a central component in understanding individuals’ choices. Using the Schwartz’s Values instrument, this study aimed to identify patterns of human value priorities of 35,936 participants across 20 European countries and analyse their relations with subjective well-being (SWB), subjective general health (SGH), social life, and depression indices in Europe. A hierarchical cluster analysis of data from the seventh European Social Survey (ESS) round 7, based on the higher order dimensions of the Schwartz values model, allowed identifying four European groups with distinct indicators. Indices of SWB, SGH, social life, and depression showed statistically significant differences among the four different sociodemographic groups. The graphical representation of the monotonic correlations of each of these indices with the value priorities attributed to the ten basic human values was ordered according to the Schwartz circumplex model, yielding quasi-sinusoidal patterns. The differences among the four groups can be explained by their distinct sociodemographic characteristics: social focus, growth focus, strong social focus, and weak growth focus. The results of this study suggest a rehabilitation of the notion of hedonism, raising the distinction between higher and lower pleasures, with the former contributing more to well-being than the latter.
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Bilsky, Wolfgang, and Shalom H. Schwartz. "Values and personality." European Journal of Personality 8, no. 3 (September 1994): 163–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2410080303.
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Personality and differential psychology have paid little attention to values research. Consequently, the constructs used in these subdisciplines have developed independently, and evidence regarding the relations of personality to values is minimal. This study seeks to advance our understanding of these relations and to arrive at a theoretical integration of constructs. Starting from recent developments in values theory (Schwartz, 1992; Schwartz and Bilsky, 1987, 1990) and drawing on Maslow's (1955) distinction between ‘deficiency’ and ‘growth’ needs, we elaborate theoretical links between personality and values with special emphasis on structural relations. A set of hypotheses regarding these relations is generated and tested next, using data from a study with 331 German students. These students completed both the Rokeach Value Survey (RVS) and the Freiburg Personality Inventory (FPI), measuring ten primary and two secondary personality variables, namely extraversion and emotionality. Joint Similarity Structure Analyses (SSAs) of values and personality variables were conducted. The findings reveal both meaningful and systematic associations of value priorities with personality variables, confirming the hypothesized structural relationships. The compatibility of our hypotheses with the complex findings of George (1954) using totally different indexes of both values (Allport–Vernon Study of Values) and personality (drawn from Eysenck and Guilford) further supports the theoretical connections proposed in this study.
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Nie, Peng, Wencke Gwozdz, Lucia Reisch, and Alfonso Sousa-Poza. "Values, Norms, and Peer Effects on Weight Status." Journal of Obesity 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2849674.
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This study uses data from the European Social Survey in order to test the Prinstein-Dodge hypothesis that posits that peer effects may be larger in collectivistic than in individualistic societies. When defining individualism and collectivism at the country level, our results show that peer effects on obesity are indeed larger in collectivistic than in individualistic societies. However, when defining individualism and collectivism with individual values based on the Shalom Schwartz universal values theory, we find little support for this hypothesis.
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Shorokhova, V. A., O. E. Khukhlaev, and S. B. Dagbayeva. "Relationship between Values and Religious Identity in Buddhist Adolescents." Cultural-Historical Psychology 12, no. 1 (2016): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/chp.2016120107.
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The paper describes results of a social psychological study on religious identity in Buddhist schoolchil- dren. The study involved 184 students of 9—10 classes of a school in the Aginskoye settlement (Aginsky Buryatsky Okrug, Zabaykalsky Krai). According to G. Allport’s concept and R. Gorsuch & S. McPherson measurements, religious identity is considered not only as practicing Buddhism, but as a complex social psychological formation with a four-factor structure base on the following scales: personal/social and in- trinsic/extrinsic. Different components of religious identity are explored in the context of their relation- ship with value orientations (as described by S. Schwartz and G. Hofstede). The following techniques were employed: the adapted version of D. Van Camp’s Individual/Social Religious Identity Measure, Schwartz’s Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ-R2), and Hofstede’s Values Survey Module. As it was revealed, al- most all values related to various components of religious identity of the Buddhist adolescents refer to the social focus. The paper concludes that religious identity in modern Buddhist young people has a distinctive social character.
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Handayani, Nur. "PENGUJIAN PERSONAL VALUES & VALUE TYPES BERDASARKAN PERBEDAAN PROGRAM STUDI (AKUNTANSI & HUKUM)." EKUITAS (Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan) 6, no. 1 (December 8, 2016): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24034/j25485024.y2002.v6.i1.1944.
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Research has shown that a p erson's values affect his or her behavior. While there has been considerable research regarding the ethical p ercepti on and behavior of students, there has been limited research regarding the personal values that affec t such perception and behavior. This study was designed to determine the differences between personal values and value types of accounting and law majors. The values survey questionnaire developed and validated by Schwartz and Sagiv (1995) was use for this study. Value types were derived by grouping response s to the 55 itemfor 5 dimension.Result of this study show there are significant differences between accounting and law ma1ors for personal values. Significant differences exist for value types between responses for 4 dimension (Benevolence, Conformity, Security, Power).
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Aavik, Toivo, and Jüri Allik. "The structure of Estonian personal values: a lexical approach." European Journal of Personality 16, no. 3 (May 2002): 221–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.439.
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The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the variety of value describing words and interrelation of value categories in the Estonian language. To accomplish this aim, a psycholexical approach was adopted, during which a set of 560 value‐related words was selected from the Estonian Orthological Dictionary and the results were compared with the Schwartz Values Survey (SVS). When principal‐component analysis was applied on the self‐ratings of a reduced list of 78 value‐related words, six factors emerged and were labelled as benevolence, self‐enhancement, broadmindedness, hedonism, conservatism, and self‐realization. However, all these themes are interrelated and load on a singular secondary dimension. The constructs measured by SVS and the value categories in Estonian were only partially interchangeable; moderate correlations imply an imperfect correspondence: each theme was related to many categories on the other questionnaire. However, a significant general structure refers to the same two‐dimensional level of higher‐order values described by Schwartz in 1992. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Andrade, Matheus Lemos de, Ramon Silva Leite, Simone Teresinha Chaves de Andrada Ibrahin, and Karina Carneiro Costa. "Axiology, personal values and ethical rationalities: a proposal for theoretical frameworks integration." Revista de Ciências da Administração 21, no. 55 (November 5, 2020): 115–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-8077.2019v21n55p115.
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Ethics and personal values are two important theories that underlie management studies that analyze behaviors and decision-making processes. However, the relationship between these two themes is incipient and calls for in-depth investigation, mainly empirical studies. The present study aims at verifying the existence of relationships between personal values (Schwartz, 1992; Schwartz et al., 2012) and the ethical deontological and teleological rationalities. A survey into this issue was conducted with a sample of 453 Brazilian respondents. Consistent with the postulated hypotheses, the results showed that all individualistic-oriented values are positively related to teleological rationalities, just as all collectivist-oriented values are affirmatively related to deontological rationalities, except for the Tradition value. Empirical confirmation of the relationship between ethics and personal values answer the author`s claims on the topic and allows the extension of analyzes of social phenomena supported by such theories.
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Wetzelhütter, Daniela, Chigozie Nnebedum, Jacques De Wet, and Johann Bacher. "Testing a Modified Version of Schwartz’s Portrait Values Questionnaire to Measure Organizational Values in a University Context." Journal of Human Values 26, no. 3 (August 26, 2020): 209–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971685820943398.
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Schwartz developed his Theory of Basic Human Values and corresponding instruments, the portrait values questionnaire (PVQ) and the Schwartz values survey (SVS), in order to measure personal values. He uses these instruments (in a slightly modified form) in conjunction with his Theory of Cultural Value Orientations to measure cultural or societal values. His theoretical work is also used in studying organizational values; however, none of these instruments seem suitable to compare personal and perceived organizational values. If the PVQ is widely used to measure personal values, and we need commensurate measures of the person and organization for comparative analysis, then can we not minimally adjust the PVQ to measure organizational values? In this article we discuss the testing of one such adjusted PVQ used for gauging universities’ organizational values. We developed the PVQ-uni to measure university values as perceived by students. We collected data from sociology departments at two universities, one in Austria ( n = 133) and one Nigeria ( n = 156). We then tested the reliability and the validity of the new instrument. Based on the data collected, we found that the PVQ-uni is a reliable and valid instrument; however, further refinements are needed for the instrument to be used successfully in Africa.
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Šram, Zlatko, and Rodger K. Bufford. "Values and personality traits as predictors of Catholic religiosity." Obnovljeni život 76, no. 1 (January 21, 2021): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31337/oz.76.1.5.
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The main goal of this study was to investigate the dimensions of value orientations and personality traits that underly Catholic religiosity. The survey was carried out on a convenient adult sample of members of the Croatian ethnic minority across the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina in the Republic of Serbia (N = 189); 97% were members of the Roman Catholic Church. Four measures were included in the questionnaire: Religiosity, the Schwartz Value Scale, the Big Five Personality Inventory, and the Dark Triad of Personality. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to explore how value orientation and personality traits impact religiosity. Conservation (Traditional) values and Self-Transcendence values emerged as significant positive predictors, whereas Openness to Change values emerged as a significant negative predictor of religiosity. Agreeableness and Conscientiousness emerged as significant positive predictors, whereas Extraversion emerged as a significant negative predictor of religiosity. Machiavellianism and Psychopathy were also shown to be significant negative predictors of religiosity; in order, Psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and Conservation values accounted for 23% of the variance in Catholic Religiosity. We found that the Schwartz value orientations had a somewhat greater explanatory power than the Big Five personality traits, and that the Dark Triad of personality traits had a greater explanatory power in predicting Catholic religiosity than either the Schwartz value orientations or the Big Five personality traits. We argued that religiosity is not generally more correlated with values than with personality traits, as is often suggested. It depends primarily on the type of personality trait models involved, i.e. its psychopathological underpinning.
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Biber, Pascal, Jörg Hupfeld, and Laurenz L. Meier. "Personal values and relational models." European Journal of Personality 22, no. 7 (November 2008): 609–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.693.
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In this study, the comprehensive value research by Schwartz (e.g. 1992) was linked to Fiske's relational models theory (RMT, e.g. Fiske, 1991). A sample of 297 people answered the personal values questionnaire (PVQ), the modes of relationship questionnaire (MORQ) and the relationship profile scale (RPS) in a web‐based online survey. As hypothesized, the set of 10 values correlated in a systematic manner—according to the circular structure of personal value systems—with both trait‐like construal of and motivational investment in the relational models communal sharing (CS), authority ranking (AR) and market pricing (MP). Further research concerning a person–environment value congruency approach to predict well‐being is suggested combining the two research traditions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Putri, Silvia Febi, and Natris Idriyani. "Structure and Measurement of Basic Value: Validity Test of Multidimensional Constructions Schwartz Value Survey (SVS)." Jurnal Pengukuran Psikologi dan Pendidikan Indonesia (JP3I) 9, no. 1 (April 27, 2020): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jp3i.v9i1.14628.
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AbstractApplying the main principles of life is important to support the daily life of transmigrant students. As explained by Rokeach (in Sauter, 1984), values are rules and principles which learned to help choose life alternatives, resolve conflicts and make decisions. Related to the concept of value, this study used the basic concepts of Schwartz (2005). The purpose of this research is to test the construct validity of the modified Schwartz Value Survey (SVS) measuring instrument by adjusting the conditions of research respondents. This instrument is used to measure the values of transmigrant students in living their lives and learning processes. Dimensions of this instrument are multidimensional. There are 10 dimensions used in the basic value variable, namely self-direction, stimulation, hedonism, achievement, power, security, conformity, tradition, benevolence, and universalism with a total of 50 items. This study involved 251 participants, with an age range between 19-21 years. Participants in this study were active students of UIN SyarifHidayatullah Jakarta from outside the Greater Jakarta area (Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi) who currently live in boarding houses, dormitories or rented houses. The factor analysis method used in this study is Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) with a Lisrel 8.70 program. The test results prove that all subscales fit measure one factor and there are 50 valid items. And these results showed that all of aspect in basic value, which consists of 10 aspects that are multidimensional. CFA test results show that all 10 aspects of basic value are fit with the data.AbstrakUntuk menjalani proses kehidupan dan belajar pada mahasiswa merantau, maka perlu hendaknya mengaplikasikan prinsip-prinsip utama yang ada di dalam diri. Rokeach (dalam Sauter, 1984)menjelaskan bahwa value merupakan prinsip-prinsip yang dipelajari dan aturan untuk membantu memilih alternatif-alternatif yang ada, menyelesaikan konflik dan membuat keputusan. Terkait konsep tentang value, penelitian ini menggunakan konsep dasar dari Schwartz (2005). Tujuan adanya penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji validitas konstruk alat ukur Schwartz Value Survey (SVS) yang dimodifikasi dengan menyesuaikan kondisi responden penelitian. Instrumen ini digunakan untuk mengukur nilai-nilai yang dimiliki mahasiswa rantau dalam menjalani kehidupan dan proses belajar. Dimensi dalam alat ukur ini merupakan multidimensi. Adapun dimensi yang digunakan pada variabel basic value ini adalah sebanyak 10 dimensi, yaitu self direction, stimulation, hedonism, achievement, power, security, comformity, tradition, benevolence, dan universalism dengan jumlah total aitem sebanyak 53 aitem. Penelitian ini melibatkan 251 partisipan, yakni sebanyak 123 (49%) partisipan laki-laki dan 128 (51%) partisipan perempuan, dengan rentang usia antara 19-21 tahun. Partisipan penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa aktif UIN Jakarta yang berasal dari luar daerah Jabodetabek, yang saat ini tinggal di kostan, asrama atau rumah kontrakan. Metode analisis faktor yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) dengan program lisrel 8.70. Hasil pengujian membuktikan bahwa seluruh subskala fit (sesuai) mengukur model satu faktor dan terdapat 50 aitem yang valid. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa seluruh aspek dalam basic value yang terdiri dari 10 aspek adalah multideimensional. Test CFA menghasilkan 10 aspek basic value yang fit dengan data.
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Dollinger, Stephen J., and Rino Kobayashi. "Value Correlates of Collegiate Alcohol Abuse." Psychological Reports 93, no. 3 (December 2003): 848–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2003.93.3.848.
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This study tested whether problematic alcohol use correlates with different values clusters in the Schwartz Values Survey. Participants were 156 midwestern university students ( M = 21.6 yr., 63% women). We used two alcohol-use assessment methods, one involving behavior checklist reports with a questionnaire, the other a two-week daily log procedure. Although exploratory in nature, we took as most important those relationships between alcohol use and values which replicated across both measures. Those who drank frequently and problematically were most likely to endorse a hedonistic and stimulation-seeking values system.
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Lewaru, Trisna Sary. "PERBEDAAN SPESIFIC VALUES ANTARA MAHASISWA AKUNTANSI, MANAJEMEN, DAN EKONOMI PEMBANGUNAN : STUDI EMPIRIS PADA UNIVERSITAS PATTIMURA." Jurnal Pendidikan Akuntansi Indonesia 18, no. 1 (June 23, 2020): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jpai.v18i1.30301.
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This study aims to analyze, to compare and to differentiate specific values of accounting, management, development economic. While the majority of previous studies used the Rokeach instrument survey, the current study employs the modified Rokeach and Schwartz Instrumen. Factor analysis indicates that the variables can be grouped into four constructs: individuality, theoretical, social, and esthetical. Overall. The study shows that there are significant differences in the value of indivualis, theoretical, social, and esthetical, among accounting, management, development economic students.
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Korotayev, Andrey, Elena Slinko, Kira Meshcherina, and Julia Zinkina. "Variation of Human Values and Modernization: Preliminary Results." Cross-Cultural Research 54, no. 2-3 (September 26, 2019): 238–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1069397119874781.
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The current article investigates the relation between values and modernization applying some elements of the method proposed by Inglehart and Welzel (the authors of the Human Development Sequence Theory) to the data of Shalom Schwartz. The values survey by Schwartz specifies two main value axes, namely, conservation versus openness to change and self-transcendence versus self-enhancement. Our research has revealed that the correlation between these two value axes differs in its direction when estimated for “macro-Europe” (that includes Europe and former settlement colonies of North and South America and Oceania) and “Afroasia” (that includes Asia and Africa). In “macro-Europe,” we deal with a significant positive correlation between openness to change and self-transcendence, whereas in “Afroasia,” this correlation is strong, significant, and negative. We investigate the possible impact of modernization on this difference. To do this, we approximate modernization through such indicators as gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and the proportions of the labor force employed in various sectors of economy. We find that, in both megazones, modernization is accompanied by increasing openness to change values. As for the self-transcendence/self-enhancement axis, we propose two possible explanations of the different dynamics observed in Europe and in “the East” (Asia and North Africa), namely, (a) that Eastern and Western societies find themselves at different modernization stages and (b) that this difference is accounted for by different civilizational patterns. Further analysis suggests that the latter explanation might be more plausible.
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Cajner Mraović, Irena, Jelena Pavičić Vukičević, and Valentina Pavlović Vinogradac. "Schwartz’s Value Model as a Factor of Compliance with Epidemiological Measures in the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Southeast Europe." Društvene i humanističke studije (Online) 6, no. 3(16) (July 27, 2021): 183–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.51558/2490-3647.2021.6.3.183.
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The paper aims to investigate the theoretical assumption that the value system (according to the Schwartz model) is associated with compliance with recommendations to combat the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. According to the theoretical assumption, persons whose value system emphasizes social focus and whose values are self-transcendence and conservation will comply with measures to a greater extent. On the other hand, people whose value system is focused on personal focus and whose values self-direction and openness to change will be less compliant with measures for combating the spread of the virus. The research was conducted in three Southeastern European countries – Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Serbia using a survey of 1024 students. The Schwartz scale on basic human values was used as a research instrument. The research was conducted at the very beginning of the pandemic (March and April 2020). The results of the hierarchical regression showed that the values of openness to change (personal focus) and conservation (social focus) are significant predictors of compliance with measures and trust in institutions and sex.
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Lyons, Sean T., Linda Duxbury, and Christopher Higgins. "An Empirical Assessment of Generational Differences in Basic Human Values." Psychological Reports 101, no. 2 (October 2007): 339–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.101.2.339-352.
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This study assessed generational differences in human values as measured by the Schwartz Value Survey. It was proposed that the two most recent generations, Millennials and Generation Xers, would value Sell-enhancement and Openness to Change more than the two older generations, Baby Boomers and Matures, while the two older generations would value Self-transcendence and Conservation more. The hypotheses were tested with a combined sample of Canadian knowledge workers and undergraduate business students ( N = 1,194). Two hypotheses were largely supported, although an unexpectedly large difference was observed between Millennials and Generation Xers with respect to Openness to Change and Self-enhancement. The findings suggest that generation is a useful variable in examining differences in social values.
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Magun, V., and M. Rudnev. "Basic Human Values of Russians and Other Europeans (The Results of 2008 Surveys)." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 12 (December 20, 2010): 107–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2010-12-107-130.
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The authors rely mainly on the data from the fourth round of the European Social Survey held in 2008 in their comparison between the Russian basic values and the values of the 31 other European countries as measured by Schwartz Portrait Values Questionnaire. The authors start from comparing country averages. Then they compare Russia with the other countries taking into account internal country value diversity. And finally they refine cross-country value comparisons taking the advantage of the multiple regression analysis. As revealed from the study there are important value barriers to the Russian economy and society progress and well targeted cultural policy is needed to promote necessary value changes.
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Pozzebon, Julie A., and Michael C. Ashton. "Personality and Values as Predictors of Self- and Peer-Reported Behavior." Journal of Individual Differences 30, no. 3 (January 2009): 122–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001.30.3.122.
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We examined the validity of self-reported personality traits and values in predicting self- and peer reports of behavior. Self- and peer reports were obtained from 252 undergraduate students on the HEXACO Personality Inventory, the Schwartz Value Survey, and scales assessing value-expressive behaviors. Self-reports of personality and of values correlated moderately with self-reports of value-expressive behaviors. Correlations with peer reports of these behaviors were almost as large, thus, indicating that the validity of the personality and values variables did generalize across criterion rating sources. Both personality traits and values provided incremental validity beyond the other domain in predicting the behavior criteria, with the personality variables yielding slightly higher validity, on average.
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Chuang, Yun-Shiuan, Yu-Shiang Su, and Joshua O. S. Goh. "Neural responses reveal associations between personal values and value-based decisions." Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 15, no. 12 (November 4, 2020): 1299–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsaa150.
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Abstract Personal values are thought to modulate value-based decisions, but the neural mechanisms underlying this influence remain unclear. Using a Lottery Choice Task functional brain imaging experiment, we examined the associations between personal value for hedonism and security (based on the Schwartz Value Survey) and subjective neurocognitive processing of reward and loss probability and magnitude objectively coded in stimuli. Hedonistic individuals accepted more losing stakes and showed increased right dorsolateral prefrontal and striatal and left parietal responses with increasing probability of losing. Individuals prioritizing security rejected more stakes and showed reduced right inferior frontal and amygdala responses with increasing stake magnitude, but increased precuneus responses for high-magnitude high-winning probability. With higher hedonism, task-related functional connectivity with the whole brain was higher in right insula and lower in bilateral habenula. For those with higher security ratings, whole-brain functional connectivity was higher in bilateral insula, supplementary motor areas, right superior frontal gyrus, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, and lower in right middle occipital gyrus. These findings highlight distinct neural engagement across brain systems involved in reward and affective processing, and cognitive control that subserves how individual differences in personal value for gaining rewards or maintaining status quo modulate value-based decisions
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Cubukcu, Feryal. "A Crosscultural Study on the Correlation Between Achievement Levels and Motivational Types of Values of Language Learners." Language Teaching Research Quarterly 4 (December 2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32038/ltrq.2017.04.01.
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Most social scientists view values as deeply rooted, abstract motivations that guide, justify or explain attitudes, norms, opinions and actions. Values are basic orientations presumed to underlie and influence individual variation on many of the constructs that researchers from different disciplines wish to study. Since 1950s the main features of the conception of basic values implicit in the related literature are: 1. Values are beliefs, cognitive structures that are closely linked to affect. 2. Values refer to desirable goals. For example, social equality, fairness and helpfulness are all values. 3. Values transcend specific actions and situations. Obedience and honesty, for example, are values that may be relevant at work or in school, in sports, business and politics, with family, friends or strangers. 4. Values serve as standards or criteria. 5. Values are ordered by importance relative to one another. Cultures and individuals can be characterized by their systems of value priorities. Among all the scales, The Schwartz Value Survey (SVS) (1992) is currently the most widely used by social and cross-cultural psychologists for studying the individual differences in values. Schwartz derived ten, motivationally distinct, broad and basic values from three universal requirements of the human condition: needs of individuals as biological organisms, requisites of coordinated social interaction, and survival and welfare needs of groups. The ten basic values are intended to include all the core values recognized in cultures around the world (power, achievement, hedonism, stimulation, self-direction, universalism, benevolence, tradition, conformity, security). To primarily showcase whether there is a correlation between the success levels of the language learners and their motivational type of values, and secondly to explore whether this is culture specific or not, 56 language learners participated in the study and The Schwartz Values Questionnaire was administered. The study is expected to yield insight into the pursuit of the correlation between the proficiency levels of the language learners and their motivational types of values.
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Schermer, Julie Aitken, Philip A. Vernon, Gregory R. Maio, and Kerry L. Jang. "A Behavior Genetic Study of the Connection Between Social Values and Personality." Twin Research and Human Genetics 14, no. 3 (June 1, 2011): 233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/twin.14.3.233.
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The present research examined the extent to which relations between social values and personality are due to shared genetic or environmental factors. Using the Rokeach (1973) Value Survey and a scoring key from Schwartz and Bilsky (1990), seven value scores (enjoyment, achievement, self-direction, maturity, prosocial, security, and restrictive conformity) were derived in a sample of twins. As expected, all of the value scales were found to have a significant genetic component, with values ranging from 36% for enjoyment to 63% for prosocial, and there were numerous significant phenotypic correlations found between the value scales and personality scores. Most important, bivariate genetic analyses revealed that some of these phenotypic correlations could be attributed to common genetic or environmental factors.
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Fatoki, Olawale. "An investigation into the personal values of small business owners in South Africa." Corporate Ownership and Control 12, no. 2 (2015): 610–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv12i2c6p4.
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The study investigated the personal values of small business owners in South Africa. In addition, the study examined if male and female small business owners exhibit significant differences in their personal values. The study employed the descriptive research design. Data was collected through the use of self-administered questionnaire in a survey. The study used the Schwartz Portrait Value Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and the T-test were used for data analysis. The results indicated that self-direction, achievement, stimulation, power and security are the five most important personal values for small business owners. The results indicate that male small business owners give greater weight to self-direction, stimulation, achievement, hedonism and power. Female small business owners give greater weight to universalism, conformity, tradition, benevolence, and security
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Hofer, Jan, Athanasios Chasiotis, and Domingo Campos. "Congruence between social values and implicit motives: effects on life satisfaction across three cultures." European Journal of Personality 20, no. 4 (June 2006): 305–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.590.
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This study examines the relationship between implicit motives for intimacy‐affiliation and power, explicit value orientations, and life satisfaction. The Satisfaction With Life Scale, the Schwartz Value Survey, and a bias‐free TAT‐type picture‐story‐test were administered to 319 adult participants in Cameroon, Costa Rica, and Germany. The stories were coded for motive imagery reflecting needs for intimacy‐affiliation and power. Based on motives associated with the domain intimacy‐affiliation, the results revealed that an alignment of implicit motives and self‐attributed values is associated with an enhanced life satisfaction across cultures. In contrast, no such relationship could be found for motives and values associated with the domain of power. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Coppola, Adele, Fabio Verneau, Francesco Caracciolo, and Teresa Panico. "Personal values and pro-social behaviour." British Food Journal 119, no. 9 (September 4, 2017): 1969–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-10-2016-0474.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of socio-economic context in affecting the relationship between personal values and the purchase of fair trade (FT) products. Design/methodology/approach The study was based on data and information collected by means of a web-administered survey and was performed in two steps. First, an explanatory factor analysis on the Schwartz value system and a confirmatory factor analysis on socio-economic context variables were carried out. Second, the per capita GDP at provincial level and the predicted factor scores were used in an ordered probit model to explain the expenditure level of FT products. Findings The results provide evidence that the value system has an effect on the consumption of FT products, but the economic context, in particular the average wealth at province level, is also relevant and plays a role by either affecting FT product purchasing levels directly or interacting with personal values. Research limitations/implications Because of the electronic submission and the specific channel used in the survey, the sample cannot be considered as representative of Italian consumers, and thus the analysis has a merely descriptive (non-inferential) function. Originality/value While several studies investigated how personal values affect consumers’ behaviour directly or indirectly, very few studies analysed the way socio-economic context interacts with the value structure and the way both aspects influence ethical consumption. The present study analyses this last aspect and provides evidence of the role economic context plays in affecting the relationship between personal values and FT products consumption.
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Fomicheva, Tatyana. "Dynamics of the Sociocultural Values of Russian Youth (Based on Research Data from the World Values Survey Project)." Level of Life of the Population of the Regions of Russia 16, no. 4 (November 20, 2020): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/lsprr.2020.16.4.11.
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The article provides a comparative analysis of the dynamic processes taking place in the value consciousness of Russian youth (changes in sociocultural values). The research information base is quite variable and is represented by various sources (thesis abstracts, monographs, articles, etc.). The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is the concepts of R. Inglehart, A. Maslow and S. Schwartz. The methodological basis for the secondary analysis of sociological data in this research project is, among other things, the publications of V.P. Goryainova, A.V. Strelnikova, V.S. Sychevoy. The main method of obtaining empirical information in the study is a secondary comparative analysis of sociological data (analysis of data from the World Values Survey project for the period from 1990 to 2020 (several waves of research conducted in Russia). Main results of the work: dynamic changes in the sociocultural values of Russian youth are analyzed in the study period from 1990 to 2020; the direction of changes in the sociocultural values of Russian youth was determined; the position of the sociocultural values of modern Russian youth (in age subgroups up to 29 years old and in the subgroup from 30 to 49 years old) in the context of the status-hierarchical structure of value consciousness, developed Lapin NI Scope of the research results: the formation of the concept of changes in the sociocultural values of Russian youth The research results are applicable for the innovation of training courses in the discipline «Sociology of culture», «Sociology of spiritual life»; and the formation of tools for sociological research devoted to the study of the problems of sociocultural values of modern Russian youth, as well as for the formation of state youth policy of the Russian Federation
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Raza, Syed Hassan, Adamu Abbas Adamu, Emenyeonu C. Ogadimma, and Amna Hasnain. "The Influences of Political Values Manifested in Advertisements on Political Participation: Moderating Roles of Self-transcendence and Conservation." Journal of Creative Communications 15, no. 3 (October 15, 2020): 318–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973258620952919.
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This study seeks to explain how political participation is influenced by cultural values manifested in political advertising. In this regard, this study proposes a model that encompasses the concepts of Schwartz’ basic human values in which self-transcendence and conservation interact with three political values manifested in advertisements, namely law and order, civil liberties and patriotism, to determine political participation. Analyses were performed on a random sample of 834 Pakistanis collected through a survey. Structural equation modelling (SEM) techniques were employed, and analysis of moment structures (AMOS) was used to determine political participation. The findings of this study revealed that self-transcendence and conservation, albeit varied intensity, interact with political values manifested in advertisements. The findings also provide theoretical and managerial implications, which are discussed in greater detail in this article.
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Pastore, Alberto, and Camilla Barbarossa. "Green consumer behaviour: an exploration of values held by "subjectivist" consumers." MERCATI & COMPETITIVITÀ, no. 1 (June 2012): 155–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mc2012-001010.
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Despite the last decades have seen a progressive increase in environmental consciousness worldwide, market shares of green products are still rather low and a deep understanding of eco-friendly purchasing behaviour seems still a long way off. Adopting the Theory of Planned Behaviour and the Schwartz Value Survey as theoretical framework, the aim of this study is, first, to explore which "positive" values guide environmentally minded consumers towards the purchasing of eco-friendly products. Secondly, to explore which "negative" beliefs prevent these consumers from purchasing green goods and, finally, to deepen which is the role played by such antecedents within the purchase decision process. A better knowledge of green purchase decision process may help firms selling green products to tailor marketing strategies and, thus, reduce the intention-behaviour gap faced by green consumers. Due to a distinct lack of research on this topic, an exploratory, qualitative research was conducted using focus groups and data analysed with Cognitive Maps technique.
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Marusic-Jablanovic, Milica. "Value priorities of future preschool and class teachers in Serbia in terms of the Schwartz refined value theory." Psihologija 51, no. 2 (2018): 143–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi160902013m.
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To understand an individual?s behavior, attitudes, and decisions, it is necessary to learn his/her value priorities. In order to explore the structure and hierarchy of values of future preschool and class teachers we conducted a survey (N = 232). It relies on the famous Schwartz value theory in its refined version, applying his PVQ-57 (Portrait Value Questionnaire). The analysis encompassed reliability analysis, goodness of fit, multidimensional scaling, mean rating and ranking, and t-test. The obtained data fits the theoretical model well, and the location of empirical value types can be predicted by the proposed circumplex, except for universalism and benevolence values, which are located in reverse. Several values adjacent in the model appear combined in the data. The value hierarchy starts with Benevolence (Care and Dependability), Self-direction?Action, Security?Personal, Universalism?Concern, and finishes with Humility, Power?Resources and Dominance.
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Schnabel, Annette, and Florian Grötsch. "Religion and Value Orientations in Europe." Journal of Religion in Europe 8, no. 2 (October 13, 2015): 153–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18748929-00802002.
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Sociological literature on Europe often claims a close relationship between religion and values on the one hand and shared values and social cohesion on the other: This article empirically tests the first half of this equation. On the basis of the European Social Survey 2004 comprising of the Schwartz’ Human Value Scale, we analyse if value orientations of religious people differ from those preferred by non-religious people and if such patterns are stable across Europe. We find that religious people in Europe differ from non-religious people in being more conservative and perceiving rules and customs as very important in their lives. We use different indicators for individual religiousness in order to test their different impacts on individual value formation. Despite popular expectations, we were able to establish that value orientations are less influenced by theological knowledge than practicing religion.
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Waehning, Nadine, Ibrahim Sirkeci, Stephan Dahl, and Sinan Zeyneloglu. "CASE STUDY: Regional Cultural Differences Within and Across Four Western European Countries." Transnational Marketing Journal 6, no. 1 (May 31, 2018): 23–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/tmj.v6i1.377.
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This case study examines and illustrates within country regional cultural differences and cross border cultural similarities across four western European countries. Drawing on the data from the World Values Survey (WVS), we refer to the Schwartz Cultural Values Inventory in the survey. The demographic variables of age, gender, education level, marital status and income vary across the regions and hence, have significant effects on the cultural value dimensions across regions. The findings help a better understanding of the homogeneity and heterogeneity of regions withinand across countries. Both researchers and managers will have to justify their sampling methods and generalisations more carefully when drawing conclusions for a whole country. This case study underlines the limited knowledge about regional within country cultural differences, while also illustrating the simplification of treating each country as culturally homogeneous. Cross-country business strategies connecting transnational regional markets based on cultural value characteristics need to take these similarities and differences into account when designating business plans.
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Lönnqvist, Jan‐Erik, Markku Verkasalo, and Irina Bezmenova. "Agentic and communal bias in socially desirable responding." European Journal of Personality 21, no. 6 (October 2007): 853–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.639.
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This research was designed to investigate Paulhus' communion management (CM) and self‐deceptive enhancement (SDE), socially desirable responding (SDR) scales as measures of general SDR, communal bias and agentic bias. The CM and SDE scales, as well as the Schwartz values survey (SVS), were administered to four samples drawn from different cultures and subcultures (N = 900). Participants completed the questionnaires in ‘honest’ and ‘fake good’ conditions. Although conceptions of which values were desirable varied strongly between samples and instructional sets, the CM scale was consistently related to general SDR and to communal bias. In contrast, the SDE scale was only related to general SDR. Contrary to expectations, neither scale could identify participants who ‘faked good’ under normal instructions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Alaminos Chica, Antonio, and Irina Pervova. "Resilience by solidary ties." OBETS. Revista de Ciencias Sociales 10, no. 1 (June 15, 2015): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/obets2015.10.1.08.
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This article considers an empirical approach to the relationships among three well known concepts: “Benevolence” (Schwartz), Solidarity and Resilience ("Subjective wellbeing scale" - SWB). The first concept refers to cultural values, the second one to social networks and the third to the ability to recover from crisis. The measurement of solidarity has been done from the point of view of supportive ties. The baseline hypothesis considers that the presence of a high value in Benevolence contributes to the involvements in solidarity networks. Participation in supportive relationships facilitates recovery from personal crisis. Using data from the European Social Survey (ESS6), we conclude from this structural analysis that the resilience reflected in a society is partly a consequence of the supportive networks shaped by the presence of benevolence values.
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Turska, Dorota, Michal Skrzypek, Agnieszka Marzec, and Karolina Szczygiel. "Personal and higher-level values of pharmacy students declaring work with patients as a preferred career path – preliminary results." Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences 33, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cipms-2020-0012.
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AbstractIntroduction and Aim. The study aims to review the premise according to which a specific set of personal values is characteristic of pharmacy students indicating work in direct contact with the patient and building a therapeutic relationship as a preferred area of professional activity. The theoretical basis for the study draws on the Schwartz model of personal values.Material and Method. The research was conducted among 211 students at the Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University in Lublin, aged 21-30 years (M=23.17; SD=1.26). The reference group (n=83) was composed of respondents declaring preference for a professional activity implying direct contact with patients (mainly retail pharmacy). The control group included students declaring preference for a professional path not entailing direct contact with patients. The study employed the Polish version of the Schwartz Value Survey, as well as the authors’ own questionnaire pertaining to career path preference.Results. Students declaring preference for direct contacts with patients as their chosen career path, compared to respondents declaring preference for the other alternatives were more likely, as compared to the control, to express preference for the personal values of “security” and scored higher in terms of the higher-level value “conservation”. In addition, a higher preference (oscillating around statistical significance) for the personal value “benevolence” of the control group was demonstrated.Conclusions. The preference for the values revealed by pharmacy students declaring a choice of retail pharmacy gives rise to concern about the possibility of implementing a new model of pharmaceutical care in Poland.
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Stefani, Serena, and Gabriele Prati. "Are dimensions of gender inequality uniformly associated with human values?" Europe’s Journal of Psychology 17, no. 2 (May 31, 2021): 92–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.2261.
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A previous work of Schwartz and Rubel-Lifschitz (2009, https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015546) highlighted the association between human values and gender equality. However, gender equality is not a monolith. Indeed, it is a multidimensional phenomenon. We started from this multidimensionality to understand how the relative importance of human values varies through the different dimensions of Gender Equality Index (GEI)—namely work, money, knowledge, time, power, and health. We have designed a cross-national study based on secondary data analysis from international databases (i.e., European Social Survey [ESS] and GEI). Through the Bayesian correlational analysis of 18 European countries, findings revealed that 1) universalism, benevolence and self-direction are strongly and positively correlated to gender equality; 2) security, power and achievement are strongly and negatively correlated to equality while 3) conformity, tradition, stimulation, and hedonism have weak/non-significant correlation coefficients with gender equality. Relevance to cultural values and ideologies that support social equality are discussed. Furthermore, we find that some values are related to certain specific gender equality dimensions. Our results provide a more fine-grained analysis compared to previous findings, by outlining a more complex scenario.
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Tupakhina, Olena. "COMMUNICATING EUROPEAN VALUES THROUGH CRITICAL MEDIA LITERACY: CASE OF ERASMUS+ JEAN MONNET MODULE "EUROPEAN VALUES IN LITERARY ARTS"." Educational Analytics of Ukraine, no. 1 (2021): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32987/2617-8532-2021-1-117-124.
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The article is prepared based on the results of the Erasmus+ Jean Monnet Module «European Values in Literary Arts» (599918-ЕРР-1-2018-1-UA-EPPJMO-MODULE EUVOLIA). The study explores the impact of the course «European Values in Literary Arts» (EUVOLIA) on its target audience (Bachelor and Master students majoring in Humanities, Natural and Exact sciences) in terms of raising awareness of European values. The relevance of the study is determined, on the one hand, by the necessity to articulate сorrectly the European values dimension in the HEI curricula, and, on the other hand, by the lack of a methodological basis for a value-based approach in the teaching of the Humanities. While Ukrainian students’ perception of European values is fragmented due to controversial social and political contexts (i.e., conflicting attitudes to Ukraine’s European integration and growing disillusionment in EU institutions’ functionality), a critical media literacy toolkit developed by EUVOLIA can significantly increase their sensitivity to values-related issues and deepen their understanding of European values as an integral axiological construct. The impact of the EUVOLIA course, which was presented in Zaporizhzhya National University during 2018–2020 for five mixed groups of students (126 students in total), was measured with the help of formalized questionnaires and surveys. The target audience’s portrait of values was created according to the Schwartz Value Survey on the research of value orientations. The results showed that the methodological toolkit used in the EUVOLIA project not only increases students’ awareness of European values but also contributed to the development of critical perceptions of cultural products and materials of mass media, overcoming the phenomenon of «double-think» and strengthening the sense of belonging to the European cultural paradigm.
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Grigoryan, Lusine K., Nadezhda Lebedeva, and Seger M. Breugelmans. "A Cross-Cultural Study of the Mediating Role of Implicit Theories of Innovativeness in the Relationship Between Values and Attitudes Toward Innovation." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 49, no. 2 (January 18, 2018): 336–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022116656399.
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This article presents a cross-cultural study on the mediating role of implicit theories of innovativeness in the relationship between basic values and specific attitudes toward innovation. Modernized samples (399 Russians from Moscow and Novokuznetsk) and more traditional samples (194 Chechens and Ingushs from North Caucasus and 200 Tuvins from the Tuva Republic) within the Russian Federation completed the Schwartz Value Survey (SVS), measures of attitudes toward innovation, and an Adjective Check List adapted for measuring implicit theories of innovativeness in the current samples. Main findings include (a) a split in individual and social aspects of implicit theories of innovativeness, (b) different mediation of the effects of Openness to Change and Conservation values, and (c) differences in mediation models between the two samples. Implications of these findings for cross-cultural studies on innovativeness are discussed.
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Nosse, Larry J., and Lilach Sagiv. "Theory-Based Study of the Basic Values of 565 Physical Therapists." Physical Therapy 85, no. 9 (September 1, 2005): 834–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/85.9.834.
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Abstract Background and Purpose There is a prevailing belief expressed in the physical therapy literature that values influence behavioral choices. There is, however, meager research on physical therapists' values. A values theory was used to study the organization of physical therapists' basic values and to generate hypotheses about age-related value priority differences. SubjectsParticipants were volunteers from the Wisconsin Physical Therapy Association (N=565). Methods Values importance ratings were gathered using a modified Schwartz Values Survey. Demographic data were obtained with an investigator-developed questionnaire. Analyses included descriptive and nonparametric statistics and nonmetric multidimensional scaling. Results The organizational structure of therapists' values was similar to the theoretical model. Physical therapists rated values associated with benevolence as most important and values associated with power as least important. Three of 7 age-related hypotheses were supported. Discussion and Conclusion The theory adequately explained the organization of physical therapists' values and provided rational explanations for age-based value priority differences. Compared with occupationally heterogeneous samples, the results suggest that physical therapists highly prize values that benefit others and give remarkably little importance to values associated with power.
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Pan, Yaotian, Julie A. Rowney, and Mark F. Peterson. "The Structure of Chinese Cultural Traditions: An Empirical Study of Business Employees in China." Management and Organization Review 8, no. 1 (March 2012): 77–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8784.2011.00274.x.
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Five schools of Chinese cultural traditions that implicitly influence current management thought in China are used to create a four-factor Structure of Chinese Cultural Traditions (SCCT) model. A sample of 2658 people in businesses in Beijing was used to develop the dimensions that were then cross-validated in a nation-wide sample of 718 business employees. The four dimensions show plausible patterns of convergent and discriminant validity with generic domains of values represented by the Schwartz Value Survey (SVS). We suggest that the Structure of Chinese Cultural Traditions provides a unique model of Chinese culture that complements other generic measures, thereby allowing a deep understanding of Chinese culture.
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Casanova, José Luís. "Crisis and Cultural Change: The Countries with Adjustment Programmes in the European Union." Comparative Sociology 17, no. 2 (April 4, 2018): 187–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691330-12341454.
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AbstractAfter the financial crisis in 2008 significant changes occurred in the European Union, particularly in the countries that had adjustment programmes. According to empirical work by Hofstede, Inglehart and Schwartz it’s predictable that societal changes have a cultural impact. Data from European Social Survey since 2002 show that changes in political orientations are bigger than in Human Values, and deepen after 2008. Changes on countries that had adjustment programmes diverge significantly from those in the rest of the Eurozone, mainly on political orientations. Bigger challenges to theeucome from the extensive fall on trust in politics, the European Parliament and satisfaction with democracy, the rise of the values of Tradition and Security, and the decrease of Self-direction. This evolving cultural conservatism associated with continued degradation of democracy is nurturing nationalism and authoritarianism.
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Havlovskyi, O. D., and I. A. Holovanova. "SCIENTIFIC SUBSTANTIATION OF THE OPTIMIZED MODEL FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL REHABILITATION OF ATO PARTICIPANTS BASED ON DETERMINING THEIR PSYCHOLOGICAL VALUES." Medical and Ecological Problems 24, no. 1-2 (April 29, 2020): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/mep.2020.24.1-2.05.
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After returning of the ATO fighter to civilian conditions, time is needed to adapt to a peaceful life. Therefore, psychological rehabilitation should be based on changing the views on the problems and their place in the life of society. The aim of the study was to substantiate the model of psychological rehabilitation of ATO participants based on the establishment of their psychological values. The research tool was a modified questionnaire by Sh. Schwartz, which is widely used during psychological rehabilitation in Lithuanian hospitals. According to the results of the research, the model for providing psychological rehabilitation of ATO participants was scientifically substantiated and developed according to the chosen life values. In this model, a strategic and tactical direction was formulated on the basis of a sociological survey. Strategic direction ensures effective mental rehabilitation, while tactical direction is the determination of the life values of ATO participants with the help of testing and, therefore, drawing up a recovery program.
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Chebotareva, Elena Yu, and Marina I. Volk. "Life and Family Values Similarity in Inter-Ethnic and Inter-Faith Couples." Behavioral Sciences 10, no. 1 (January 19, 2020): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs10010038.
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Inter-cultural families are an integral part of modern society, the institution of mutual influence of different cultures, of a person’s identity transformation. The studies of marital adjustment, values, and attitudes consistency in inter-cultural couples provide contradictory results. To resolve contradictions in this area, comparative studies of inter-cultural families of different types are important. The aim of the study is the comparative analysis of life and family values in inter-cultural couples, differing by the ethnic and religious affiliation of spouses. The participants: 69 couples: 20 mono-ethnic Russian, 30—inter-ethnic, inter-faith (Russians/Arabs); 19—inter-ethnic, with a common religion (Russian/Transcaucasian, Christians). The methods: Value Survey (Schwartz), Marital Role Expectations and Aspirations (Volkova), Marital Satisfaction Test (Stolin et al.), Mann–Whitney U-test, paired T-test. In inter-cultural couples, the spouses’ life-values coincidence is significantly less strong than in mono-cultural ones. However, in couples with common religious differences, their life values reflect not so much the contradictions, but the complementarity of traditional gender values. In general, the different cultures of spouses (both ethnic and religious) optimizes the process of comparing values and family attitudes. Despite a number of difficulties, spouses from inter-cultural couples generally have more consistent ideas about their family life.
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H. van Dun, Desirée, and Celeste P. M. Wilderom. "Lean-team effectiveness through leader values and members’ informing." International Journal of Operations & Production Management 36, no. 11 (November 7, 2016): 1530–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijopm-06-2015-0338.
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Purpose Although empirical tests of effective lean-team leadership are scarce, leaders are often blamed when lean work-floor initiatives fail. In the present study, a lean-team leader’s work values are assumed to affect his or her team members’ behaviors and, through them, to attain team effectiveness. Specifically, two of Schwartz et al.’s (2012) values clusters (i.e. self-transcendence and conservation) are hypothesized to be linked to team members’ degree of information and idea sharing and, in turn, to lean-team effectiveness. The paper aims to report the examination of these hypotheses. Design/methodology/approach Survey responses (n=429) of both leaders and members of 25 lean-teams in services and manufacturing organizations were aggregated, thereby curbing common-source bias. To test the six hypotheses, structural equation modeling was performed, with bootstrapping, linear regression analyses, and Sobel tests. Findings The positive relationship between lean-team effectiveness and leaders’ self-transcendence values, and the negative relationship between lean-team effectiveness and leaders’ conservation values were partly mediated by information sharing behavior within the team. Research limitations/implications Future research must compare the content of effective lean-team values and behaviors to similar non-lean teams. Practical implications Appoint lean-team leaders with predominantly self-transcendence rather than conservation values: to promote work-floor sharing of information and lean-team effectiveness. Originality/value Human factors associated with effective lean-teams were examined, thereby importing organization-behavioral insights into the operations management literature: with HRM-type implications.
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Bendapudi, Namrita, Siran Zhan, and Ying-yi Hong. "Cultural Values Differentially Moderate the Benefits of Basic Education on Two Types of National Innovation Outputs." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 49, no. 2 (January 18, 2018): 199–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022116650259.
Full textAbstract:
The present study contributes to innovation research by distinguishing between national innovation in the knowledge and technology domain (knowledge and technology output) versus that in the creative industries (creative output), and examining how these two types of innovation would benefit from high-quality basic education in different cultural contexts. We argue that because creative output requires symbolic knowledge (i.e., negotiation of new meanings), it would benefit from a national context that has not only high-quality basic education but also favorable cultural values (low self-protective values or high self-expansion values). By contrast, knowledge and technology output requires analytic and synthetic knowledge mainly and thus would benefit from high-quality basic education regardless of cultural values. To test these ideas, we performed regression analyses using three archival datasets (the Programme for International Student Assessment [PISA], the Schwartz Value Survey, and the Global Innovation Index) of 32 nations. The results in general supported our predictions such that a high level of self-protective values dampens the positive relationship between quality of basic education and creative output only, but not knowledge and technology output. Implications of these findings were discussed.