Journal articles on the topic 'Schwartz’ Human Values'
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1
Rovira, Núria, Sibel Özgen, Magda Medir, Jordi Tous, and Joan Ramon Alabart. "Human Values in the Team Leader Selection Process." Spanish journal of psychology 15, no. 1 (March 2012): 216–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/rev_sjop.2012.v15.n1.37313.
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The selection process of team leaders is fundamental if the effectiveness of teams is to be guaranteed. Human values have proven to be an important factor in the behaviour of individuals and leaders. The aim of this study is twofold. The first is to validate Schwartz's survey of human values. The second is to determine whether there are any relationships between the values held by individuals and their preferred roles in a team. Human values were measured by the items of the Schwartz Value Survey (SVS) and the preferred roles in a team were identified by the Belbin Self Perception Inventory (BSPI). The two questionnaires were answered by two samples of undergraduate students (183 and 177 students, respectively). As far as the first objective is concerned, Smallest Space Analysis (SSA) was performed at the outset to examine how well the two-dimensional circular structure, as postulated by Schwartz, was represented in the study population. Then, the results of this analysis were compared and contrasted with those of two other published studies; one by Schwartz (2006) and one by Ros and Grad (1991). As for the second objective, Pearson correlation coefficients were computed to assess the associations between the ratings on the SVS survey items and the ratings on the eight team roles as measured by the BSPI.
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Tevrüz, Suna, Tülay Turgut, and Murat Çinko. "Integrating Turkish Work and Achievement Goals With Schwartz’s Human Values." Europe’s Journal of Psychology 11, no. 2 (May 29, 2015): 259–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v11i2.825.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the integration of indigenous values developed in Turkey to Schwartz’s universal values. Students (N = 593) from six universities in Istanbul responded the value scale, which consists of 10 etic PVQ items (each item representing one of 10 main Schwartz values) and 23 emic WAG items (representing work-achievement goals). PROXSCAL, a multidimensional scaling method, was used to test whether etic and emic sets of values integrate and form the universal circular structure proposed in Schwartz value theory. The motivational continuum of values as a circular structure was similar to pan-cultural results, but adding another value type to the openness to change pole. While some of the items in this region represent autonomy of thought, remaining items diverge. The principle of conflicting values on opposite poles was not supported in relation to openness to change-conservation dimension. These two poles had similar priorities, contrasting with pan-cultural results, and demonstrating a culture-specific aspect of responding to motivational goals. Insights gained by emic studies will be functional in enriching understanding values, and contributing to the comprehensiveness and universality of Schwartz value theory.
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Simon, Jordi. "The Portrait Values Questionnaire: A Bibliographic and Bibliometric Review of the Instrument." Aloma: Revista de Psicologia, Ciències de l'Educació i de l'Esport 35, no. 1 (October 13, 2017): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.51698/aloma.2017.35.1.39-50.
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This paper contains a bibliographic and a bibliometric review of the Portrait Values Questionnaire, the instrument proposed by Schwartz to assess human values. Schwartz’s theory of human values is one of the most popular of its kind in the social sciences. As the framework of the PVQ, we shall briefly present the theory, followed by the different instruments developed by Schwartz to assess human values. Finally, we have performed a detailed review to analyse how the PVQ has been used in the scholarly literature. A total of 58 articles were reviewed to obtain a picture of how the scientific community uses this instrument and to explore the variables most commonly related to human values. Several conclusions are briefly discussed.
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Muzikante, Inese, and Daina Škuškovnika. "HUMAN VALUES AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS MONEY." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 7 (May 25, 2018): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2018vol7.3433.
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Spending money which is not earned becomes more available practice with help of the various types of cash loans. It causes social problem in society because easiness of getting money puts families at risk due to the high loan percent. Our study aims to understand ifhuman values are related to attitudes towards money and in what way if any.Values are motivational constructs that apply to abstract goals (Schwartz, 1992). Schwartz believes that the main aspect of value contents is the type of goal or the motivation it expresses (Schwartz, 1992). Also, values are abstract goals and do not effect decisions in specific situations they can work as the underlying assumptions for creating attitudes. Attitudes are more situation-specific and correlate with behavior at moderate level. In our study values were measured using Portrait Values Questionnaire, PVQ-21 (Schwartz, Melech, Lehmann, Burgess, & Harris, 2001). Attitudes towards money were measured using modified version of Money Attitude Scale (Yamauchi & Templer, 1982). Question regarding money related behavior were also asked. We surveyed one thousand and five respondents from whom 58% were female, all age groups where presented according to Latvia’s population (representative sample). Results reveal that values correlate with attitudes towards money although modestly.
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Sharma, Rajat. "Reinventing the Universal Structure of Human Values: Development of a New Holistic Values Scale to Measure Indian Values." Journal of Human Values 27, no. 2 (April 28, 2021): 175–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971685821993945.
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This article investigates the universal values scale, Schwartz Value Survey (SVS) for its applicability to measure cultural context-specific values. The study establishes a need to construct a new scale by identifying and incorporating Indian culture-specific values in SVS. Deriving data using self-assessment questionnaires from 709 respondents in 2 studies and analysing them using principal component analysis and structural equation modelling, the article reconceptualizes Schwartz’s Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ) and the 10 motivational value factors and develops a new 76-item Holistic Values Scale (HVS) to measure Indian values using well-established scale development methods. The article further presents the research and policy implications and future research areas in this domain.
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Keller, Johannes, and Rebekka Kesberg. "Regulatory focus and human values." Psihologija 50, no. 2 (2017): 157–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi160809004k.
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The present article connects two approaches to the study of human motivation and behavior: The Schwartz model of human values and Higgins? regulatory focus theory. Considering a prominent model of human motivation - the Rubicon Model of Action Phases - reveals that although both approaches refer to goals and standards as crucial constructs, human values are specifically relevant concerning the so-called deliberation and evaluation phases whereas selfregulatory orientations are specifically relevant concerning the volitional phases (i.e., planning and action). It may be due to the selective focus on specific aspects of human motivation that up to date hardly any (empirical) work has tried to connect human values and selfregulatory orientations. The reported studies assessed the relation between the endorsement of values proposed in the Schwartz model of human values and individual differences in the two self-regulatory orientations (promotion and prevention) proposed in regulatory focus theory. Findings reveal that prevention-focused self-regulation is positively related to conservation values (security, conformity) and negatively related to values reflecting openness to change (stimulation, self-direction). Moreover, promotion-focused self-regulation was positively related to self-enhancement values (power, achievement) and negatively related to values reflecting self-transcendence (universalism, benevolence). In addition, the observed relations were found using different instruments to measure human values and self-regulatory orientations. In combination, the observed findings support the proposed two-dimensional structure of the value system as well as fundamental assumptions of regulatory focus theory.
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Leite, Ângela, Ana Ramires, Diogo Guedes Vidal, Hélder Fernando Pedrosa e. Sousa, Maria Alzira Pimenta Dinis, and Alexandra Fidalgo. "Hierarchical Cluster Analysis of Human Value Priorities and Associations with Subjective Well-Being, Subjective General Health, Social Life, and Depression across Europe." Social Sciences 10, no. 2 (February 20, 2021): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10020074.
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Human values are a central component in understanding individuals’ choices. Using the Schwartz’s Values instrument, this study aimed to identify patterns of human value priorities of 35,936 participants across 20 European countries and analyse their relations with subjective well-being (SWB), subjective general health (SGH), social life, and depression indices in Europe. A hierarchical cluster analysis of data from the seventh European Social Survey (ESS) round 7, based on the higher order dimensions of the Schwartz values model, allowed identifying four European groups with distinct indicators. Indices of SWB, SGH, social life, and depression showed statistically significant differences among the four different sociodemographic groups. The graphical representation of the monotonic correlations of each of these indices with the value priorities attributed to the ten basic human values was ordered according to the Schwartz circumplex model, yielding quasi-sinusoidal patterns. The differences among the four groups can be explained by their distinct sociodemographic characteristics: social focus, growth focus, strong social focus, and weak growth focus. The results of this study suggest a rehabilitation of the notion of hedonism, raising the distinction between higher and lower pleasures, with the former contributing more to well-being than the latter.
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Korotayev, Andrey, Elena Slinko, Kira Meshcherina, and Julia Zinkina. "Variation of Human Values and Modernization: Preliminary Results." Cross-Cultural Research 54, no. 2-3 (September 26, 2019): 238–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1069397119874781.
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The current article investigates the relation between values and modernization applying some elements of the method proposed by Inglehart and Welzel (the authors of the Human Development Sequence Theory) to the data of Shalom Schwartz. The values survey by Schwartz specifies two main value axes, namely, conservation versus openness to change and self-transcendence versus self-enhancement. Our research has revealed that the correlation between these two value axes differs in its direction when estimated for “macro-Europe” (that includes Europe and former settlement colonies of North and South America and Oceania) and “Afroasia” (that includes Asia and Africa). In “macro-Europe,” we deal with a significant positive correlation between openness to change and self-transcendence, whereas in “Afroasia,” this correlation is strong, significant, and negative. We investigate the possible impact of modernization on this difference. To do this, we approximate modernization through such indicators as gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and the proportions of the labor force employed in various sectors of economy. We find that, in both megazones, modernization is accompanied by increasing openness to change values. As for the self-transcendence/self-enhancement axis, we propose two possible explanations of the different dynamics observed in Europe and in “the East” (Asia and North Africa), namely, (a) that Eastern and Western societies find themselves at different modernization stages and (b) that this difference is accounted for by different civilizational patterns. Further analysis suggests that the latter explanation might be more plausible.
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Drew, Shiny, Christine Blake, Eva Monterrosa, Krystal Rampalli, Abdullah Nurus Salam Khan, Ligia Reyes, Salome Bukachi, et al. "How Schwartz’ Basic Human Values Influence Food Choices in Kenya and Tanzania." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (June 2022): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac059.007.
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Abstract Objectives To identify and describe how values drive food choice of vulnerable consumers in two East African countries, Kenya and Tanzania. Methods Secondary data analysis was conducted on focus group discussions from studies in Kenya and Tanzania. A codebook was developed based on Schwartz's theory of basic human values. A priori coding was conducted in NVivo 12 followed by a narrative comparative analysis, which included review by original principal investigators. Results Values of conservation (security, conformity, tradition), openness to change (self-directed thought and action, stimulation, indulgence), self-enhancement (achievement, power, face), and self-transcendence (benevolence dependability and caring) were prominent drivers of food choice in both settings. While tradition was an important value in food choice, new social situations and food environments rendered reprioritization, especially pertaining to youth and animal source foods. Openness to change values were readily cited, especially in peri-urban Kenya with many new foods and diverse neighborhoods. Values of independent thought and action were drivers of mothers’ food choices for families. Benevolence security and caring were drivers choices for child feeding and selecting trustworthy food vendors. Many participants described how values existed in tension. For example, changes in livelihood led to a reprioritization of values like stimulation or indulgence over tradition. Conclusions Values were important drivers of food choice in both settings, particularly for meat. Future efforts to promote healthy, sustainable diets will require policy and broad consumer support to succeed. Examining the values that drive food choice in different contexts is necessary especially to minimize unintended consequences, controversy, and perhaps opposition in the implementation of policies and programs. Funding Sources UK Government's Foreign, Commonwealth, and Development Office and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; the views expressed do not necessarily reflect the UK Government's official policies.
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Lyons, Sean T., Linda Duxbury, and Christopher Higgins. "An Empirical Assessment of Generational Differences in Basic Human Values." Psychological Reports 101, no. 2 (October 2007): 339–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.101.2.339-352.
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This study assessed generational differences in human values as measured by the Schwartz Value Survey. It was proposed that the two most recent generations, Millennials and Generation Xers, would value Sell-enhancement and Openness to Change more than the two older generations, Baby Boomers and Matures, while the two older generations would value Self-transcendence and Conservation more. The hypotheses were tested with a combined sample of Canadian knowledge workers and undergraduate business students ( N = 1,194). Two hypotheses were largely supported, although an unexpectedly large difference was observed between Millennials and Generation Xers with respect to Openness to Change and Self-enhancement. The findings suggest that generation is a useful variable in examining differences in social values.
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Wetzelhütter, Daniela, Chigozie Nnebedum, Jacques De Wet, and Johann Bacher. "Testing a Modified Version of Schwartz’s Portrait Values Questionnaire to Measure Organizational Values in a University Context." Journal of Human Values 26, no. 3 (August 26, 2020): 209–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971685820943398.
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Schwartz developed his Theory of Basic Human Values and corresponding instruments, the portrait values questionnaire (PVQ) and the Schwartz values survey (SVS), in order to measure personal values. He uses these instruments (in a slightly modified form) in conjunction with his Theory of Cultural Value Orientations to measure cultural or societal values. His theoretical work is also used in studying organizational values; however, none of these instruments seem suitable to compare personal and perceived organizational values. If the PVQ is widely used to measure personal values, and we need commensurate measures of the person and organization for comparative analysis, then can we not minimally adjust the PVQ to measure organizational values? In this article we discuss the testing of one such adjusted PVQ used for gauging universities’ organizational values. We developed the PVQ-uni to measure university values as perceived by students. We collected data from sociology departments at two universities, one in Austria ( n = 133) and one Nigeria ( n = 156). We then tested the reliability and the validity of the new instrument. Based on the data collected, we found that the PVQ-uni is a reliable and valid instrument; however, further refinements are needed for the instrument to be used successfully in Africa.
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Consiglio, Chiara, Roberto Cenciotti, Laura Borgogni, Guido Alessandri, and Shalom H. Schwartz. "The WVal." Journal of Career Assessment 25, no. 3 (March 21, 2016): 405–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1069072716639691.
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This study presents a new scale to measure work values. The Work Values questionnaire (WVal) consists of 10 sets of 5 value items that respondents rank for importance. Each item expresses 1 of the 10 basic values of the Schwartz theory in the work context. Seven hundred fifty-nine employees from 94 organizations responded to the WVal. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) assessment of the 10 work values exhibited adequate factorial distinctiveness as well as high internal reliability. Multidimensional scaling analyses yielded a circular motivational structure of relations among the 10 work values similar to the higher order values in the basic values’ theory. We note and discuss meaningful differences in the importance of work values associated with gender, age, organizational tenure, and professional role. The study supports the applicability of the Schwartz basic value theory to the organizational setting, with some variations traceable to the work context. We discuss research possibilities and practical applications of the WVal.
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Magun, V., and M. Rudnev. "Basic Human Values of Russians and Other Europeans (The Results of 2008 Surveys)." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 12 (December 20, 2010): 107–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2010-12-107-130.
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The authors rely mainly on the data from the fourth round of the European Social Survey held in 2008 in their comparison between the Russian basic values and the values of the 31 other European countries as measured by Schwartz Portrait Values Questionnaire. The authors start from comparing country averages. Then they compare Russia with the other countries taking into account internal country value diversity. And finally they refine cross-country value comparisons taking the advantage of the multiple regression analysis. As revealed from the study there are important value barriers to the Russian economy and society progress and well targeted cultural policy is needed to promote necessary value changes.
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Cisneros Concha, Israel Alberto, Nora Verónica Druet Domínguez Ph.D., and Gladis Ivette Chan Chi Ph.D. "Human values in students from a Higher Education Institution." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 6, no. 8 (August 31, 2018): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol6.iss8.1137.
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The purpose of this study was to identify the preference level of the human values that students from a higher education institution endorse during August 2016-June 2017 school year, based on the Portrait Value Questionnaire. For this purpose, the basic values of Benevolence, Universalism, Stimulation, Power, Security, Tradition, Hedonism, Self-Direction, Achievement, and Conformity were studied. The study was exploratory, following a nonexperimental cross-sectional design. The sample was composed of 321 students from a higher education institution in Mexico. 67.6% (217) of the students were female, whereas 32.4% (104) were male. Their ages ranged from 18 to 30 years old. The Portrait Value Questionnaire devised by Shalom Schwartz was administered to them. The most important findings revealed that the basic values of Hedonism, Benevolence, and Self-Direction were highly preferred by the students, whereas the basic value of Achievement scored a preference level below the average. These findings highlighted the importance of identifying the portrait values of university students, so higher education institutions can establish appropriate strategies and actions that foster the students’ development in order to make them professionals with values.
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Vecchione, Michele, Tiziana Casconi, and Claudio Barbaranelli. "Assessing the Circular Structure of the Portrait Values Questionnaire." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 25, no. 4 (January 2009): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.25.4.231.
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The current research is an assessment of both the psychometric properties and circumplex structure of the Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ; Schwartz, Melech, Lehmann, Burgess, & Harris, 2001 ). First, the hypothesized 10-factor structure was examined within the framework of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Next, we assessed the circular structure postulated by the human values theory through constrained CFA. Data were obtained from 9,847 participants. Findings corroborated the distinctiveness of the 10 basic value types and their quasicircular arrangement: Factors derived from the PVQ scale were arranged in a circle similar to the theorized structure of values, although some differences emerged between empirical and theoretical models.
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Lee, Julie A., Joanne N. Sneddon, Timothy M. Daly, Shalom H. Schwartz, Geoffrey N. Soutar, and Jordan J. Louviere. "Testing and Extending Schwartz Refined Value Theory Using a Best–Worst Scaling Approach." Assessment 26, no. 2 (December 21, 2016): 166–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191116683799.
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The theory of human values discriminated 10 basic values arrayed in a quasicircular structure. Analyses with several instruments in numerous samples supported this structure. The refined theory of human values discriminates 19 values in the same circle. Its support depends on one instrument, the revised Portrait Values Questionnaire. We introduce a forced choice method, the Best–Worst Refined Values scale (BWVr), to assess the robustness of the refined theory to method of measurement and also assess the distinctiveness and validity of a new animal welfare value. Three studies ( N = 784, 439, and 383) support the theory and the new value. Study 3 also demonstrates the convergent and discriminant validity of the 19 values by comparing the BWVr, the revised Portrait Values Questionnaire, and value-expressive behaviors and confirms the test–retest reliability of BWVr responses. These studies provide further information about the order of values in the value circle.
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Stefani, Serena, and Gabriele Prati. "Are dimensions of gender inequality uniformly associated with human values?" Europe’s Journal of Psychology 17, no. 2 (May 31, 2021): 92–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.2261.
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A previous work of Schwartz and Rubel-Lifschitz (2009, https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015546) highlighted the association between human values and gender equality. However, gender equality is not a monolith. Indeed, it is a multidimensional phenomenon. We started from this multidimensionality to understand how the relative importance of human values varies through the different dimensions of Gender Equality Index (GEI)—namely work, money, knowledge, time, power, and health. We have designed a cross-national study based on secondary data analysis from international databases (i.e., European Social Survey [ESS] and GEI). Through the Bayesian correlational analysis of 18 European countries, findings revealed that 1) universalism, benevolence and self-direction are strongly and positively correlated to gender equality; 2) security, power and achievement are strongly and negatively correlated to equality while 3) conformity, tradition, stimulation, and hedonism have weak/non-significant correlation coefficients with gender equality. Relevance to cultural values and ideologies that support social equality are discussed. Furthermore, we find that some values are related to certain specific gender equality dimensions. Our results provide a more fine-grained analysis compared to previous findings, by outlining a more complex scenario.
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Cieciuch, Jan, Eldad Davidov, Michele Vecchione, and Shalom H. Schwartz. "A Hierarchical Structure of Basic Human Values in a Third-Order Confirmatory Factor Analysis." Swiss Journal of Psychology 73, no. 3 (January 2014): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185/a000134.
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This study investigates the hierarchical structure of Schwartz et al.’s (2012) refined theory of basic human values. Data were collected using a revised version of the Portrait Values Questionnaire, which measures the 19 more narrowly defined values. Respondents from nine countries participated (N = 3,261): Finland, Germany, Israel, Italy, New Zealand, Poland, Portugal, Switzerland, and Turkey. Third-order confirmatory factor analyses revealed that the 19 refined values load on values from the earlier catalog of values. Moreover, these values, together with the two new values introduced in the refined theory, load, in turn, on the theoretically postulated four higher-order values that form the third-order level of analysis. Findings support the proposition that the more narrowly defined values in the refined theory of basic human values are subdimensions of the more broadly defined values in the original theory.
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Částek, Ondřej, and Linda Plaváková. "Human Values as Determinants of Fairtrade Consumption in the Czech Republic." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 66, no. 2 (2018): 465–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201866020465.
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Ethical consumerism is a growing field. It attracts increasingly more attention not only from the supply and demand sides, but also from researchers. Numerous surveys are trying to describe consumers’ behaviour; many studies are trying to identify and analyse what contributes to the higher ethical consumption. While this is also the case of the Czech Republic, empirical evidence focused on the effect of consumers’ values on ethical consumerism in the Czech Republic is still missing. Therefore, our goal is to examine the effect of consumers’ values on Fairtrade consumption in the Czech Republic. We measure the values through the Human Values Scale (developed by S. Schwartz) and use socio-demographic characteristics as control variables in a multivariate model. We find that Universalism and Power are values which can predict the frequency of Fairtrade purchases among Czech online Fairtrade shoppers. Along with Universalism, gender proves to be an important predictor too. While generalizing our results, we must bear in mind that our sample describes only those who do purchase Fair trade products on-line.
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Ye, Sheng, Julie A. Lee, Joanne N. Sneddon, and Geoffrey N. Soutar. "Personifying Destinations: A Personal Values Approach." Journal of Travel Research 59, no. 7 (October 23, 2019): 1168–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047287519878508.
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In this article, we examine whether tourists ascribe value priorities to destinations in a way that is consistent with the structure of the Schwartz theory of human values. In study 1, we test a new measure of destination values to elicit tourists’ perceptions of the values of a recent memorable holiday destination and whether these values reflect their holiday experiences. In study 2, we use the same measure to elicit tourists’ perceptions of four popular international destinations (London, New York, Paris, and Bangkok) and examine whether person–destination values congruence influences visit intentions. Across both studies we show that tourists’ perceptions of a destination’s values share a common structure consistent with values theory, but they differ widely in the value priorities they ascribe to destinations. We also found that destination values reflect tourist’s value-expressive holiday experiences and that self-congruity was associated with intentions to visit a destination.
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Ahola, Salla. "Why (not) disagree? Human values and the readiness to question experts’ views." Public Understanding of Science 26, no. 3 (March 17, 2016): 339–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963662516637818.
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Whether people blindly trust experts on all occasions or whether they evaluate experts’ views and question them if necessary is a vital question. This study investigates associations of human values with the readiness to question experts’ views and one’s reasons for not disagreeing with experts among randomly sampled Finns. Readiness to question experts’ views and one’s reasons for not disagreeing were inferred from self-reported written accounts. Value priorities were measured with Schwartz et al.’s Portrait Values Questionnaire and Wach and Hammer’s items concerning rational and non-rational truth. The results showed that after adjusting for the effects of age, sex and education, the values of power and rational truth were positively associated, whereas the values of security, conformity and tradition were negatively associated with readiness to question experts’ views. Furthermore, the analysis indicated that the reasons for not disagreeing with experts were related to individual factors, situational factors, social risks and views about experts.
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Schmidt, Mikkel N., Daniel Seddig, Eldad Davidov, Morten Mørup, Kristoffer Jon Albers, Jan Michael Bauer, and Fumiko Kano Glückstad. "Latent profile analysis of human values: What is the optimal number of clusters?" Methodology 17, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 127–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/meth.5479.
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Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) is a method to extract homogeneous clusters characterized by a common response profile. Previous works employing LPA to human value segmentation tend to select a small number of moderately homogeneous clusters based on model selection criteria such as Akaike information criterion, Bayesian information criterion and Entropy. The question is whether a small number of clusters is all that can be gleaned from the data. While some studies have carefully compared different statistical model selection criteria, there is currently no established criteria to assess if an increased number of clusters generates meaningful theoretical insights. This article examines the content and meaningfulness of the clusters extracted using two algorithms: Variational Bayesian LPA and Maximum Likelihood LPA. For both methods, our results point towards eight as the optimal number of clusters for characterizing distinctive Schwartz value typologies that generate meaningful insights and predict several external variables.
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Kuświk, Justyna. "Poverty and Wealth from the Perspective of Selected Psychological Concepts of Value." Studia Historiae Oeconomicae 32, no. 1 (December 1, 2014): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sho-2014-0007.
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Abstract The purpose of the paper is to discuss the issues associated with the psychological aspect of possessions. The basic question of our consideration refers to the place which poverty and wealth occupy among human values. In particular, the analysis of this article includes recognition of Milton Rokeach and Shalom H. Schwartz.
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Cajner Mraović, Irena, Jelena Pavičić Vukičević, and Valentina Pavlović Vinogradac. "Schwartz’s Value Model as a Factor of Compliance with Epidemiological Measures in the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Southeast Europe." Društvene i humanističke studije (Online) 6, no. 3(16) (July 27, 2021): 183–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.51558/2490-3647.2021.6.3.183.
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The paper aims to investigate the theoretical assumption that the value system (according to the Schwartz model) is associated with compliance with recommendations to combat the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. According to the theoretical assumption, persons whose value system emphasizes social focus and whose values are self-transcendence and conservation will comply with measures to a greater extent. On the other hand, people whose value system is focused on personal focus and whose values self-direction and openness to change will be less compliant with measures for combating the spread of the virus. The research was conducted in three Southeastern European countries – Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Serbia using a survey of 1024 students. The Schwartz scale on basic human values was used as a research instrument. The research was conducted at the very beginning of the pandemic (March and April 2020). The results of the hierarchical regression showed that the values of openness to change (personal focus) and conservation (social focus) are significant predictors of compliance with measures and trust in institutions and sex.
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Cubukcu, Feryal. "A Crosscultural Study on the Correlation Between Achievement Levels and Motivational Types of Values of Language Learners." Language Teaching Research Quarterly 4 (December 2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32038/ltrq.2017.04.01.
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Most social scientists view values as deeply rooted, abstract motivations that guide, justify or explain attitudes, norms, opinions and actions. Values are basic orientations presumed to underlie and influence individual variation on many of the constructs that researchers from different disciplines wish to study. Since 1950s the main features of the conception of basic values implicit in the related literature are: 1. Values are beliefs, cognitive structures that are closely linked to affect. 2. Values refer to desirable goals. For example, social equality, fairness and helpfulness are all values. 3. Values transcend specific actions and situations. Obedience and honesty, for example, are values that may be relevant at work or in school, in sports, business and politics, with family, friends or strangers. 4. Values serve as standards or criteria. 5. Values are ordered by importance relative to one another. Cultures and individuals can be characterized by their systems of value priorities. Among all the scales, The Schwartz Value Survey (SVS) (1992) is currently the most widely used by social and cross-cultural psychologists for studying the individual differences in values. Schwartz derived ten, motivationally distinct, broad and basic values from three universal requirements of the human condition: needs of individuals as biological organisms, requisites of coordinated social interaction, and survival and welfare needs of groups. The ten basic values are intended to include all the core values recognized in cultures around the world (power, achievement, hedonism, stimulation, self-direction, universalism, benevolence, tradition, conformity, security). To primarily showcase whether there is a correlation between the success levels of the language learners and their motivational type of values, and secondly to explore whether this is culture specific or not, 56 language learners participated in the study and The Schwartz Values Questionnaire was administered. The study is expected to yield insight into the pursuit of the correlation between the proficiency levels of the language learners and their motivational types of values.
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Fischer, Ronald, and Ype H. Poortinga. "Are cultural values the same as the values of individuals? An examination of similarities in personal, social and cultural value structures." International Journal of Cross Cultural Management 12, no. 2 (July 6, 2012): 157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470595812439867.
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Value dimensions are used widely to make distinctions between countries and also serve to explain behaviour of individuals within countries. There is a paradox: leading researchers (Hofstede, 1980; Schwartz, 1994) have been adamant that country-level value structures differ from those at individual level. A recent analysis has suggested that dimensional structures at the two levels show substantial overlap. The current multi-level study extends previous research by examining to what extent ratings of the values of others can serve as an intermediate structure to help determine the degree of isomorphism between individual and culture-level structures. The findings indicate that a single value structure across levels is most parsimonious. Implications for international business research are discussed.
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Ponizovskiy, Vladimir, Murat Ardag, Lusine Grigoryan, Ryan Boyd, Henrik Dobewall, and Peter Holtz. "Development and Validation of the Personal Values Dictionary: A Theory–Driven Tool for Investigating References to Basic Human Values in Text." European Journal of Personality 34, no. 5 (September 2020): 885–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2294.
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Estimating psychological constructs from natural language has the potential to expand the reach and applicability of personality science. Research on the Big Five has produced methods to reliably assess personality traits from text, but the development of comparable tools for personal values is still in the early stages. Based on the Schwartz theory of basic human values, we developed a dictionary for the automatic assessment of references to personal values in text. To refine and validate the dictionary, we used Facebook updates, blog posts, essays, and book chapters authored by over 180 000 individuals. The results show high reliability for the dictionary and a pattern of correlations between the value types in line with the circumplex structure. We found small to moderate ( rs = .1–.4) but consistent correlations between dictionary scores and self–reported scores for 7 out of 10 values. Correlations between the dictionary scores and age, gender, and political orientation of the author and scores for other established dictionaries mostly followed theoretical predictions. The Personal Values Dictionary can be used to assess references to value orientations in textual data, such as tweets, blog posts, or status updates, and will stimulate further research in methods to assess human basic values from text.
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Páez Gallego, Javier, Ángel De-Juanas Oliva, Francisco Javier García-Castilla, and Álvaro Muelas. "Relationship Between Basic Human Values and Decision-Making Styles in Adolescents." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 22 (November 10, 2020): 8315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228315.
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This paper examines the relationship between decision-making styles and values of Spanish adolescents and analyses the role of age and gender on their use of adaptive and maladaptive decision-making styles. The scientific literature suggests that decision-making consists of different stages through which individuals reach a solution to their dilemmas. An ex post facto quantitative, non-experimental research design was used and applied to a sample of adolescents of Madrid (España). The Flinders Adolescents Decision-Making Questionnaire (FADMQ) by Mann as well as the Schwartz Values Scale (SVS) were also used. Correlation analysis was used to analyze the decision-making styles and values of adolescents using the variables gender and age to classify the sample. The study concludes that adolescents who use an adaptive decision-making style tend to pursue mastery of the values Self-direction, Stimulation, Achievement, and Power, whereas adolescents who use a maladaptive style tend to shy away from the value Self-direction and are more conservative. In terms of gender, the results for both females and males coincide in the significant correlations found between their decision-making styles and values. In terms of age, the correlations between values and decision-making styles are higher and numerous in younger adolescents. We conclude that the relationships verified could help educators to engage and act on the development of specific decision-making training programs based on the values of adolescents.
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Šimac, Bruno, Tijana Trako Poljak, and Vladimir Ivanović. "Schwartz’s Human Values and the Care for Nature in Croatia and Five Other Central European Countries Based on ESS Data from Round 4 (2008) and Round 9 (2018)." Revija za sociologiju 51, no. 3 (December 31, 2021): 431–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5613/rzs.51.3.5.
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This paper examines the care for nature in Croatia based on the European Social Survey (ESS) data from Round 4 (2008) and Round 9 (2018) over time and cross-nationally, in comparison with five other Central European (CE) countries (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia). We correlate the item about the care for nature with Schwartz’s Human Values Scale (HVS), as adapted for the ESS, to investigate whether values as defined by Schwartz serve as good predictors of the care for nature in selected CE countries. We also look at the correlation with respondents’ socio-demographic characteristics. Our analysis reveals that, while there are similarities regarding environmental attitudes and values among CE countries, there are also some individual differences. Croatia shows the strongest increase in the support for the care for nature over the 10-year period, and both Croatia and Slovenia score the highest on the care for nature in 2018. Poland, Slovakia and Czech Republic show an overall stagnation in the results, while Hungary exhibits a significant decrease between 2008 and 2018. Our research in CE countries confirms that Schwartz’s HVS can be predictive of pro-environmentalism. However, while the findings for the higher-order value of Self-transcendence are in line with existing literature, the result suggesting that Conservatism is also a moderately good predictor of the care for nature is somewhat surprising. We posit that the reason could lie in the difference between collectivist vs. individualist value types, which provides a new dimension for the interpretation of environmental attitudes in these countries.
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Романюк, Людмила. "Interrelationships of Personal Values: A Moderated Mediation Analysis Based on Gender and Age." East European Journal of Psycholinguistics 4, no. 2 (December 28, 2017): 84–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/eejpl.2017.4.2.rom.
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The present study describes ten personal values expressed by men and women from two countries, and it explores the relationships between two opposing values, Achievement and Benevolence, specifying Stimulation as a mediator between them. It is further explored whether such a mediation model could be further qualified by age and Gender as moderators. The 40-item Portraits Values Questionnaire (PVQ), measuring ten basic values, was administered to 1,000 young adults from two countries. Hierarchical regression methods were applied to examine mediation and moderation mechanisms.Minor gender and country differences emerged for some of the ten basic values. An indirect relationship among the three selected values was identified. Stimulation was found to operate as a mediator between achievement and benevolence. A conditional process model was established with Gender moderating the Achievement – Stimulation path (men had a steeper slope than women), whereas age moderated the Stimulation – Benevolence path (younger individuals had a steeper slope than older ones). Gender also moderated the Achievement – Benevolence path (men had a steeper slope than women). For men, the association between achievement and stimulation was stronger than for women. For the younger persons, the association between stimulation and benevolence was stronger than for older ones. For women, the level of benevolence was independent of their achievement level. The present analyses shed new light on indirect and differential associations among personal values, adding a novel perspective to research on cognitive mechanisms involved in the ten basic values’ becoming.
References
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Choi, Mi Ju, Cindy Yoonjoung Heo, and Rob Law. "Developing a Typology of Chinese Shopping Tourists: An Application of the Schwartz Model of Universal Human Values." Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing 33, no. 2 (May 6, 2015): 141–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2014.997961.
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Gouveia, Valdiney V., Taciano L. Milfont, and Valeschka M. Guerra. "The functional theory of human values: From intentional overlook to first acknowledgement—A reply to Schwartz (2014)." Personality and Individual Differences 68 (October 2014): 250–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.03.025.
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Leijen, Ingmar, and Hester van Herk. "Health and Culture: The Association between Healthcare Preferences for Non-Acute Conditions, Human Values and Social Norms." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 23 (December 4, 2021): 12808. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312808.
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Preference for professional vs. non-professional or informal healthcare for non-acute medical situations influences healthcare use and varies strongly across countries. Important individual and country-level drivers of these preferences may be human values (the fundamental values that individuals hold and guide their behavior) and country-level characteristics such as social tightness (societal pressure for “acceptable” behavior). The aim of this study was to examine the relation of these individual and country-level characteristics with healthcare preferences. We examined European Social Survey data from 23,312 individuals in 16 European countries, using a multi-level, random effect approach, including individual and country-level factors. Healthcare preferences were explained by both human values (i.e., Schwartz values) and societal tightness (i.e., tightness-looseness scores by Gelfand). Stronger conservation increased, whereas self-transcendence and openness to change decreased preference for professional healthcare. In socially tight countries, we found a higher preference for professional healthcare. Furthermore, we found interactions between social tightness and human values. These results suggest that professional healthcare preference is related to both people’s values and societal tightness. This improved understanding is useful for both predicting and channeling healthcare seeking behavior across and within nations.
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Nigro, Hector Oscar, and Sandra Elizabeth Gonzalez Cisaro. "Nexus between Human Values and Overall Satisfaction with the Urban Environment. A Non-Lineal Partial Least Square Path Modeling. Argentine Cities Case." Journal of Social Science Studies 4, no. 2 (April 18, 2017): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jsss.v4i2.10934.
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In this paper, we examine the relationship between Human Values and the Urban Environment, and how values are behaviorally instantiated in different environments, through Non-Linear Structural Equation Model based on Partial Least Square. Beginning with a unified framework of the study of values, we analyze its organization, antecedents, covariates and presumed consequences that emerge from the data. Schwartz Model is used because it has a coherent and flexible structure with the measure instrument that has been evolved. Ten categories of Human Values and two dimensions are used to evaluate the Urban Environment. We will prove that the Human Value Conservation, through the dimensions: Conformity, Security and Tradition depends on the perceptions of the Urban Environment, specifically on the dimension Consumption/Esthetic & Social Cohesion. We postulate tentatively that the Human Value Self-Enhancement, through the subdimensions Achievement and Power, it is a variable, which in short and long time, impacts on the Perception of the Urban Environment, specifically on the Perception of the System of Generation and Distribution of Habitat Resource.
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Raza, Syed Hassan, Adamu Abbas Adamu, Emenyeonu C. Ogadimma, and Amna Hasnain. "The Influences of Political Values Manifested in Advertisements on Political Participation: Moderating Roles of Self-transcendence and Conservation." Journal of Creative Communications 15, no. 3 (October 15, 2020): 318–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973258620952919.
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This study seeks to explain how political participation is influenced by cultural values manifested in political advertising. In this regard, this study proposes a model that encompasses the concepts of Schwartz’ basic human values in which self-transcendence and conservation interact with three political values manifested in advertisements, namely law and order, civil liberties and patriotism, to determine political participation. Analyses were performed on a random sample of 834 Pakistanis collected through a survey. Structural equation modelling (SEM) techniques were employed, and analysis of moment structures (AMOS) was used to determine political participation. The findings of this study revealed that self-transcendence and conservation, albeit varied intensity, interact with political values manifested in advertisements. The findings also provide theoretical and managerial implications, which are discussed in greater detail in this article.
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Ariza-Montes, Antonio, Pilar Tirado-Valencia, and Vicente Fernández-Rodríguez. "Valores humanos y voluntariado: Un estudio en personas mayores." Intangible Capital 13, no. 2 (February 9, 2017): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/ic.717.
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Purpose: This research goes in depth in the human values profile that influences elderly to volunteer. In exploring possible relationships between values and volunteering, we adopt the analysis perspective of the Theory of Basic Human Values framework developed by Schwartz (1992).Design/methodology/approach: Based on an initial exploratory analysis, the study presents a logistic regression model that shows the extent to which an individual’s personal values explain his/her volunteer behaviour on elderly people.Findings: The results confirm that a retiree’s engagement or lack of engagement in volunteer activities may be satisfactorily explained by the set of human values. The results show that retired volunteers experience a stronger sense of self-transcendence and predisposition towards change, and higher aversion to self-enhancement and conservation.Practical implications: To increase the commitment and motivation of retired elder volunteers and to thus firmly confront challenges that threaten the non-profit sector, human resource professionals of non-profit organizations must ensure consistency between individual values and the nature of activities that volunteers perform, increasing such way those people’s commitment.Originality/value: Despite the abundant studies that have related volunteering by elders to physical and socio-emotional wellbeing and to seniors’ motivations while performing volunteer work, fewer studies have focused on personal values that prompt such individuals to participate in altruistic efforts.
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Rudnev, Maksim, Vladimir Magun, and Shalom Schwartz. "Relations Among Higher Order Values Around the World." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 49, no. 8 (June 22, 2018): 1165–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022118782644.
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The circular structure of basic human values is the core element of the Schwartz value theory. The structure demonstrated high robustness across cultures. However, the specific correlations between values and the differences in these correlations across countries have received little attention. The current research investigated the within-country correlations between the four higher order values. We estimated the correlations with meta-analytical mixed-effects models based on 10 surveys, on different value instruments, and on data from 104 countries. Analyses revealed theoretically expected negative relations between openness to change and conservation values and between self-transcendence and self-enhancement values. More interestingly, openness to change and self-transcendence values related negatively with each other, as did conservation and self-enhancement. Openness to change and self-enhancement values related predominantly positively, as did conservation and self-transcendence values. Correlations between the adjacent values were weaker in more economically developed countries, revealing higher value complexity of these societies. These findings were consistent across multiple surveys and after controlling for levels of education and income inequality. We concluded that, across most countries, values tend to be organized predominantly in line with the Social versus Person Focus opposition, whereas the Growth versus Self-Protection opposition is pronounced only in more economically developed countries.
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Boskovic-Brkanovic, Tamara, and Zorana Nikolic. "Correlation between five parameters for the assessment of sagittal skeletal intermaxillary relationship." Serbian Dental Journal 54, no. 4 (2007): 231–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sgs0704231b.
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Introduction: Sagittal relationship between the upper and lower jaw represent the basic characteristic of human profile. It is one of the most important criteria assessed during the diagnosis of orthodontic anomalies. For this purpose, numerous parameters have been proposed, but ANB angle, Wits assessment, Down?s angle of facial skeletal convexity-NAPg and Schwartz?s indicators of sagittal intermaxillary relationship, i.e. AB/SpP and MM angles are the most commonly used in clinical practice. However, there is a suggestion by other authors, in more complex cases, several parameters instead of one should be used for a more precise diagnosis of skeletal class. Aim: The aim of this paper was to examine the correlation between ANB angle, Wits assessment, NAPg angle, AB/SpP angle and MM angle. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on profile cephalograms of 137 children, age 7-12, the patients of Dept. of Orthodontics in the Health Center Kotor. The aforementioned sagittal skeletal parameters were determined on tele-X-rays. The study comprised all three classes of malocclusion. Results: The analysis of obtained results revealed a statistically significant and high correlation between ANB angle Wits values and NAPg angle. Moreover, the correlation between ANB and NAPg angles was statistically most prominent (r=0.776). On the other hand, no statistically significant correlation was found between Schwartz parameters (AB/SpP angle and MM angle) and the previously mentioned ones. Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that ANB angle, Wits values and NAPg angle can be used one instead of another for the assessment of sagittal skeletal intermaxillary relationship, whilst Schwartz parameters should be used in combination with other indicators of this relationship for a more realistic diagnosis.
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Weinberg, James. "The Winner Takes It All? A Psychological Study of Political Success among UK Members of Parliament." Parliamentary Affairs 73, no. 4 (May 13, 2019): 711–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pa/gsz017.
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Abstract Is there a winning formula when it comes to individual success in contemporary politics? In this article, I analyse self-report data on the Basic Human Values (Schwartz, 1994, Journal of Social Issues, 50, 19–45) of 106 national politicians in the UK to examine the impact of these individual characteristics on three alternative political outcomes: the size of a candidate’s electoral majority, their longevity as an elected representative and their progression (or not) to frontbench office. On the one hand, it seems that the values of individual politicians make very little impact on their electoral performance at the ballot box. On the other hand, politicians’ values seem to impact on both their ability to hold on to office once elected and in turn to make in-role career progression.
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Puohiniemi, Martti, and Markku Verkasalo. "Zeitgeist effects, fragmentation of media use, and value consensus." Journal of Social and Political Psychology 8, no. 1 (April 7, 2020): 300–332. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v8i1.1117.
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Finland changed from an industrial society to an information society in 1991-2015. Due to economic fluctuations, diffusion of digitalization and media turbulence the period changed Finnish society a lot. We studied the impact of this on basic human values with Schwartz’s approach, and concentrated on zeitgeist effects. We developed a definition of zeitgeist effects and a set of hypotheses, based on the literature, to study how major societal changes influence values. Also, we found theoretical similarities between value consensus, democratization and the fragmentation of media use that we analyzed. Data (N = 7.172) were collected in five waves. We measured changes in the ten values, and used the two value dimensions based on factor analysis, also. Moreover, we used the Schwartz value map to illustrate value changes in social groups. The combination of the latter two methods offer a parsimonious way to get an overview of value change over a longer period of time, but single values suit better for the analysis of short-term changes. Our hypotheses received support regarding overall change that is small, as well as regarding zeitgeist effects in the 1990s, the disappearance of them in the new millennium, and how the values of social groups started to change in different directions in the era of social media. The above changes including the disappearance of zeitgeist effects in the new millennium were linked to societal events, e.g. fragmentation of media use. Moreover, we found that in a complex society zeitgeist effects might mirror simultaneous impact of several events.
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Kafa, Antonios, and Petros Pashiardis. "Exploring school principals’ personal identities in Cyprus from a values perspective." International Journal of Educational Management 33, no. 5 (July 8, 2019): 886–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijem-03-2018-0102.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore a broader understanding of the role of Cypriot school principals’ personal identities, through a values system perspective, when exercising their leadership. Design/methodology/approach A multicase study methodology was followed with five school principals, representing five different leadership styles. In each case, an in-depth investigation of the school principal’s personal identity was undertaken. School principals’ personal values were explored during interviews, staff meetings and daily activities observations, as well as through the use of the think-aloud protocol method. This study utilized the Schwartz Theory of Basic Human Values, as well as the Pashiardis–Brauckmann Holistic Leadership Framework, as the guiding theoretical framework. Findings School principals’ personal identities in Cyprus seem to influence, to some extent, their daily leadership practice. However, particular factors associated with the context in which they live (social identity) and work (professional identity), seemed to be affecting the personal values embedded throughout their personal identities. Research limitations/implications Five school principals are not enough to make generalizations on the relationships between leadership styles and values. However, through this paper, the authors sought to provide examples on how school principals’ personal identities influence their leadership practice. Practical implications The findings highlight the important role and attention to school principals’ personal identities, beyond the core management and leadership courses. The findings also shed light on the importance of looking more closely at contextual elements “outside” and “inside” the school and to what extent these could influence school principals’ personal identities. Originality/value This paper offers insights into school principals’ personal identities, through a values system perspective, and how these personal identities influence their leadership practice.
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Haron, Hasnah, Nurul Nazlia Jamil, and Nathasa Mazna Ramli. "WESTERN AND ISLAMIC VALUES AND ETHICS: ARE THEY DIFFERENT?" Journal of Governance and Integrity 4, no. 1 (November 27, 2020): 12–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jgi.4.1.2020.5609.
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Values are fundamental paradigms that shape attitudes and guide behaviour of human. Values shape morals, where morals help in shaping ethics. The first objective of this paper is to reviews values and ethics based on western and Islamic perspectives. The second objective specifically compares western and Islamic values. For comparison purposes, western values are represented by Schwartz values, while Islamic values are based on a study from Ghoniyah and Hartono (2014) and Ebrahimi and Yusoff (2017). Quran and Sunnah were referred to in highlighting the difference between the western and Islamic values. The analysis is done based on four dimensions, namely self-enhancement, openness to change, self-transcendence and conservation. The study finds that there are a lot of similarities between western and Islamic values. Both values have the same intention of nurturing better mankind. However, there are two western values, namely “Power” and “Hedonism” that has no direct link with Islamic values. This is because, in Islam, Muslims believe that only Allah SWT has the ultimate will and power over life and death. Besides that, Islam encourages the attitude of promoting mashlahah rather than focusing on worldly pleasures. This paper adds to the literature and provides a comparison of values that would be beneficial to organizations and academic institutions in instilling values in their own setting
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Miller, Scott T., Russell E. Ware, Abdullah Kutlar, Ofelia A. Alvarez, Rathi V. Iyer, Sharada A. Sarnaik, Sohail R. Rana, Zora R. Rogers, Peter A. Lane, and Renee C. Rees. "Serum Cystatin-C Levels in Infants with Sickle Cell Anemia: Baseline Data from the BABY HUG Trial." Blood 112, no. 11 (November 16, 2008): 4791. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.4791.4791.
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Abstract Background: BABY HUG is an NHLBI/NICHD sponsored double-blind placebo-controlled trial (NCT00006400) testing the hypothesis that hydroxyurea therapy (HU), if started early in life, will prevent or postpone organ damage to the spleen and kidney in infants with sickle cell anemia (SCA). All BABY HUG subjects at entry have GFR measured by 99mTc-DTPA radioisotope clearance (DTPA) and estimated using the Schwartz formula, a calculation based on serum creatinine (Cr) and height of the patient (GFR = κ (height)/Cr); κ=0.55 for children age >1 to 13 yr or 0.45 for term infants to age 1 yr. Measurement of GFR in infants is problematic due to difficulties in obtaining urine specimens and venous access. While Cr is a well-established marker for GFR it is not independent of body mass and may be secreted by renal tubules, leading to an overestimate of GFR. Cystatin C (CysC) is a cysteine protease inhibitor produced by all human nucleated cells and freely filtered by the kidney. Serum levels are not affected by muscle mass or gender and stable from age 18 mo to 50 yr, with higher levels in newborns reflecting a lower GFR. CysC offers a more practical and perhaps more accurate measure of GFR than Cr, especially in children with SCA. Normal non-SCA values are 0.5 to 1.4 mg/L. Formulas are published to translate serum levels of CysC to GFR as conventionally reported. Our aim was to determine usual and mean CysC levels in infants with SCA and compare CysC to DTPA and Cr-based assessments of GFR. Methods: Sera obtained and frozen during the eligibility screening phase of BABY HUG were used to determine CysC levels by particle enhanced immune nephelometry. Results: A total of 152 sera from infants age 9–17 mo (mean 13.5) were available. CysC levels ranged from 0.532 to 1.369 mg/L (mean 0.92; median 0.907), approximating the normal range. CysC was strongly and inversely associated with GFR estimated by DTPA (R2=0.086; p=0.001). CysC was also significantly associated with age (inversely, p=0.02), Schwartz GFR (using κ=0.55) (inversely, p=0.007) and Cr (p=0.01), but not with Hb, HbF or WBC count. GFR determined using two CysC-based formulae and the Schwartz formula were compared to GFR by DTPA. GFR Formula GFR* R-square P-value Regression slope *(mean ± SD in ml/min/1.73m2);99mTc-DTPA GFR=123.67±33.72 ml/min/1.73 m2 GFR in non-SS infants age 1–1.5 yr by 51Cr-EDTA clearance: 91.5±17.8 ml/min/1.73 m2 (Piepsz A et al. Eur J Nucl Med Imag2006;33:1477) Schwartz, κ=0.55 191.11±57.85 0.062 0.036 0.141 Schwartz, κ=0.45 154.80 ± 54.06 0.052 0.0123 0.172 CysC (1) 84.45±19.11 0.18 0.0026 0.149 CysC (2) 102.78±25.09 0.16 0.0029 0.196 GFR determined using CysC-based formula 2: GFR = antilog {1.92 + [1.123 × log (1/CysC)]} gave mean values closest to DTPA and similar to published estimates of GFR in non-SCA infants. The Schwartz formula overestimated GFR, especially when the higher κ was used. While correlations are low due to high GFR variability, the four GFR determinations all have a significant association with DTPA. However, because the slopes of the regression lines are not close to 1 (line of equality), measurement agreement with DTPA is poor. Conclusion: The Schwartz formula overestimated GFR in BABY HUG subjects. CysC-based GFR formulae underestimate GFR compared to concurrent DTPA values, but results are similar to published norms. Reports of hyperfiltration, based on creatinine-based determination of GFR, may be exaggerated. The impact of hydroxyurea therapy on CysC levels, if any, will be apparent at completion of the trial in late 2009.
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Casanova, José Luís. "Crisis and Cultural Change: The Countries with Adjustment Programmes in the European Union." Comparative Sociology 17, no. 2 (April 4, 2018): 187–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691330-12341454.
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AbstractAfter the financial crisis in 2008 significant changes occurred in the European Union, particularly in the countries that had adjustment programmes. According to empirical work by Hofstede, Inglehart and Schwartz it’s predictable that societal changes have a cultural impact. Data from European Social Survey since 2002 show that changes in political orientations are bigger than in Human Values, and deepen after 2008. Changes on countries that had adjustment programmes diverge significantly from those in the rest of the Eurozone, mainly on political orientations. Bigger challenges to theeucome from the extensive fall on trust in politics, the European Parliament and satisfaction with democracy, the rise of the values of Tradition and Security, and the decrease of Self-direction. This evolving cultural conservatism associated with continued degradation of democracy is nurturing nationalism and authoritarianism.
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Matějů, Petr, Michael L. Smith, Simona Weidnerová, and Petra Anýžová. "The role of basic values and education on women’s work and family preferences in Europe." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 37, no. 9/10 (September 12, 2017): 494–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-10-2016-0117.
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Purpose Consistent with dual-process models of behaviour, Miles (2015) has shown that Schwartz’ basic values can provide a valuable framework for empirically analysing the role of values and cultural contexts in driving human behaviour. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to this line of research by distinguishing individual values from macro-level values, as well as from other micro- and macro-conditions, in order to test whether individual values shape women’s work-family orientations in ways predicted by Hakim’s preference theory. Design/methodology/approach The authors make use of the second round of the European Social Survey (ESS) collected in 2004, where a battery of questions on human values and work-family preferences were posed, and apply a multilevel approach to take into account national cultural and economic conditions across 25 European countries. Findings In line with the dual-process model and preference theory, the authors show that internalised values, particularly conservatism, shape work-family orientations much more than national social and cultural conditions; in addition, the effect of women’s education on work-value orientations is stronger in countries with more conservative national cultures, suggesting that education may help women overcome social barriers in the choice of their work-career preference. Originality/value While values may shape work-family orientations differently in non-European or less affluent cultures, these findings reveal the importance of bringing values back into the analysis of individual preferences and behaviours towards the labour market.
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H. van Dun, Desirée, and Celeste P. M. Wilderom. "Lean-team effectiveness through leader values and members’ informing." International Journal of Operations & Production Management 36, no. 11 (November 7, 2016): 1530–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijopm-06-2015-0338.
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Purpose Although empirical tests of effective lean-team leadership are scarce, leaders are often blamed when lean work-floor initiatives fail. In the present study, a lean-team leader’s work values are assumed to affect his or her team members’ behaviors and, through them, to attain team effectiveness. Specifically, two of Schwartz et al.’s (2012) values clusters (i.e. self-transcendence and conservation) are hypothesized to be linked to team members’ degree of information and idea sharing and, in turn, to lean-team effectiveness. The paper aims to report the examination of these hypotheses. Design/methodology/approach Survey responses (n=429) of both leaders and members of 25 lean-teams in services and manufacturing organizations were aggregated, thereby curbing common-source bias. To test the six hypotheses, structural equation modeling was performed, with bootstrapping, linear regression analyses, and Sobel tests. Findings The positive relationship between lean-team effectiveness and leaders’ self-transcendence values, and the negative relationship between lean-team effectiveness and leaders’ conservation values were partly mediated by information sharing behavior within the team. Research limitations/implications Future research must compare the content of effective lean-team values and behaviors to similar non-lean teams. Practical implications Appoint lean-team leaders with predominantly self-transcendence rather than conservation values: to promote work-floor sharing of information and lean-team effectiveness. Originality/value Human factors associated with effective lean-teams were examined, thereby importing organization-behavioral insights into the operations management literature: with HRM-type implications.
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Schnabel, Annette, and Florian Grötsch. "Religion and Value Orientations in Europe." Journal of Religion in Europe 8, no. 2 (October 13, 2015): 153–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18748929-00802002.
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Sociological literature on Europe often claims a close relationship between religion and values on the one hand and shared values and social cohesion on the other: This article empirically tests the first half of this equation. On the basis of the European Social Survey 2004 comprising of the Schwartz’ Human Value Scale, we analyse if value orientations of religious people differ from those preferred by non-religious people and if such patterns are stable across Europe. We find that religious people in Europe differ from non-religious people in being more conservative and perceiving rules and customs as very important in their lives. We use different indicators for individual religiousness in order to test their different impacts on individual value formation. Despite popular expectations, we were able to establish that value orientations are less influenced by theological knowledge than practicing religion.
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Yang, Kuo-Pin, Hsin-Hua Hsiung, and Yu-Jen Chiu. "The comfort zone of the value circumplex for entrepreneurship: a structural analysis." Career Development International 20, no. 6 (October 12, 2015): 663–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cdi-07-2014-0087.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to extend the attitudinal approach to entrepreneurial intentions by using a structural analysis to explore overlooked personal values as the antecedents of entrepreneurial attitude. Based on the widely adopted value system proposed by Schwartz, this study argues that while one cluster of personal values is positively correlated with entrepreneurial attitude that leads to entrepreneurial intention, another cluster of personal values is negatively correlated with entrepreneurial attitude. Design/methodology/approach – Questionnaire responses obtained from a sample of 276 MBA were analyzed using structural equation models to examine the influences of values on entrepreneurial intentions via entrepreneurial attitude. Findings – The results of this study demonstrate that personal values of self-direction, stimulation, achievement, and universalism are all positively correlated with entrepreneurial attitude, which together constitute a comfort zone for entrepreneurship, whereas values in the opposite end of the circumplex including benevolence, tradition, conformity, security, and power are negatively correlated with entrepreneurial attitude. The values that discourage the formation of an entrepreneurial attitude also counter the positive effect of entrepreneurial attitude on intention, making the relationship between entrepreneurial attitude and intention contingent upon value conflicts. Originality/value – This study regards entrepreneurship as a career development and contributes to the entrepreneurship study by differentiating the influences of a vital construct, i.e., personal values, which should not be regarded as a universalism. The value circumplex with a comfort and discomfort zone developed by this study can serve as a platform to help build the view on entrepreneurial intentions in terms of personal values.
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Shamshikova, Olga A., Ekaterina O. Ermolova, and Anastasiya V. Yakovleva. "Influence of Teenagerʼs Value-Semantic Orientations on their Professional Self-Determination in the Age of Digitalization." SMALTA, no. 3 (October 13, 2022): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15293/2312-1580.2203.05.
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The article deals with the concept of values and the significance of the individual hierarchical structure of human values. The prerequisites for cardinal changes in the structure of social values in Russia over the past two generations are noted. The features of the formation of value-semantic orientations of adolescents in the age of digitalization are described, as well as the influence that the value structure of these adolescents has on their professional self-determination. The data presented in the article from previously published studies related to the study of the structure of adolescentsʼ values became the starting point in a comparative analysis of the changes that have occurred in the structure of adolescentsʼ values since the 2000s. A study conducted in 2022 among 70 adolescents aged 14–16 using the S. Schwartz questionnaire led to the conclusion that the new generation of adolescents in their value structure gives a leading position to the values of the “Openness to Change” group at the normative level and the level of individual priorities, and conservative values take the second position. In addition, the risk zones of the Internet space for the valuesemantic system of adolescents, their worldview and the need to work with the moral and spiritual development of adolescents caused by these risks are noted.
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De Miranda, Ana Paula Celso, Eduardo Jorge Carvalho Maciel, and Olga Maria Coutinho Pepece. "Meaning and Values in the Consumption of Fashion by Men." International Journal of Marketing Studies 8, no. 6 (November 28, 2016): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijms.v8n6p97.
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<p>The objective of this study was to analyze the discourse on fashion consumption and fashion brands by male inhabitants of Caruaru city, State of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil. The findings include the way men understand fashion consumption and the values that direct them to buy fashion brands. These men see fashion consumption as the act of buying and consuming fashion brands in order to acquire various levels of status and express their values. When their discourse leaves the domain of fashion, the act of dressing becomes functional, an expression of personality and occupation. By doing this, it becomes part of the male universe. The following symbolic associations were identified, which were related to the motivational types of values proposed by Tamayo and Schwartz: Self-Realization/Self-Esteem, Belonging/Compliance, Contemporaneity/Hedonism, Rationality/Confidence, Distinction/Self-Determination, and Ostentation/Social Power. It may be concluded that the consumption of fashion and fashion brands by the men in the studied context are directly related to the social group they belong to, or would like to belong to (aspiring group). Regarding the group they belong to, the participating men, while consuming fashion and fashion brands, choose items that reflect the values of their group in order to feel part of it. However, insatiable desires, inherent to all human beings, do not allow that the Caruaru men are satisfied with the feeling of belonging to a group only, driving them to seek in the consumption of fashion and fashion brands those items that will make them feel valued and recognized as being unique.</p>