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Journal articles on the topic 'Schumann resonance'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Liu, Jinlai, Jianping Huang, Zhong Li, Zhengyu Zhao, Zhima Zeren, Xuhui Shen, and Qiao Wang. "Recent Advances and Challenges in Schumann Resonance Observations and Research." Remote Sensing 15, no. 14 (July 15, 2023): 3557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15143557.

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The theoretical development of Schumann Resonances has spanned more than a century as a form of global natural electromagnetic resonances. In recent years, with the development of electromagnetic detection technology and the improvement in digital processing capabilities, the connection between Schumann Resonances and natural phenomena, such as lightning, earthquakes, and Earth’s climate, has been experimentally and theoretically demonstrated. This article is a review of the relevant literature on Schumann Resonance observation experiments, theoretical research over the years, and a prospect based on space-based observations. We start with the theoretical background and the main content on Schumann Resonances. Then, observations and the identification of Schumann Resonance signals based on ground and satellite data are introduced. The research and related applications of Schumann Resonances signals are summarized in terms of lightning, earthquakes, and atmosphere. Finally, the paper presents a brief study of Schumann Resonances based on the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES) and preliminary ideas about how to improve the identification and application of space-based Schumann Resonances signals.

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2

Cao, Bing Xia, and Xiao Lin Qiao. "Schumann Resonance Measurement Based on Nonlinear Interaction." Key Engineering Materials 439-440 (June 2010): 1294–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.439-440.1294.

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Schumann Resonance relates with global temperature variations, new geophysics phenomena in the low ionosphere and short-term earthquake prediction etc. In this paper based on the nonlinear modulation model of high frequency and extreme-low frequency electromagnetic waves in low ionosphere, the Schumann Resonance observing is researched. Taking the fair weather electric field in account, the cross modulation index was 4.2×10-4. At the first Schumann Resonance observatory of China, the first 4 peaks of Schumann Resonance respectively at 7, 14, 20, 26Hz were obtained in demodulation spectra of the high frequency time service signals. The parameter characteristics of Schumann Resonance in the low ionosphere were analyzed under the geographical condition of middle latitude area. The feasibility of Schumann Resonance measurement by demodulating the spectra of HF has been verified. The non-linearity between Schumann Resonance and very low frequency signals also was discussed.

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3

Silagadze, Z. K. "Schumann resonance transients and the search for gravitational waves." Modern Physics Letters A 33, no. 05 (February 20, 2018): 1850023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732318500232.

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Schumann resonance transients which propagate around the globe can potentially generate a correlated background in widely separated gravitational-wave detectors. We show that due to the distribution of lightning hotspots around the globe, these transients have characteristic time lags, and this feature can be useful to further suppress such a background, especially in searches of the stochastic gravitational-wave background. A brief review of the corresponding literature on Schumann resonances and lightnings is also given.

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4

Ando, Yoshiaki, and Masashi Hayakawa. "Recent Studies on Schumann Resonance." IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials 126, no. 1 (2006): 28–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms.126.28.

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5

Hayakawa, M., K. Ohta, A. P. Nickolaenko, and Y. Ando. "Anomalous effect in Schumann resonance phenomena observed in Japan, possibly associated with the Chi-chi earthquake in Taiwan." Annales Geophysicae 23, no. 4 (June 3, 2005): 1335–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-23-1335-2005.

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Abstract. The Schumann resonance phenomenon has been monitored at Nakatsugawa (near Nagoya) in Japan since the beginning of 1999, and due to the occurance of a severe earthquake (so-called Chi-chi earthquake) on 21 September 1999 in Taiwan we have examined our Schumann resonance data at Nakatsugawa during the entire year of 1999. We have found a very anomalous effect in the Schumann resonance, possibly associated with two large land earthquakes (one is the Chi-chi earthquake and another one on 2 November 1999 (Chia-yi earthquake) with a magnitude again greater than 6.0). Conspicuous effects are observed for the larger Chi-chi earthquake, so that we summarize the characteristics for this event. The anomaly is characterized mainly by the unusual increase in amplitude of the fourth Schumann resonance mode and a significant frequency shift of its peak frequency (~1.0Hz) from the conventional value on the By magnetic field component which is sensitive to the waves propagating in the NS meridian plane. Anomalous Schumann resonance signals appeared from about one week to a few days before the main shock. Secondly, the goniometric estimation of the arrival angle of the anomalous signal is found to coincide with the Taiwan azimuth (the unresolved dual direction indicates toward South America). Also, the pulsed signals, such as the Q-bursts, were simultaneously observed with the "carrier" frequency around the peak frequency of the fourth Schumann resonance mode. The anomaly for the second event for the Chia-yi earthquake on 2 November had much in common. But, most likely due to a small magnitude, the anomaly appears one day before and lasts until one day after the main shock, with the enhancement at the fourth Schumann resonance mode being smaller in amplitude than the case of the Chi-chi earthquake. Yet, the other characteristics, including the goniometric direction finding result, frequency shift, etc., are nearly the same. Although the emphasis of the present study is made on experimental aspects, a possible generation mechanism for this anomaly is discussed in terms of the ELF radio wave scattered by a conducting disturbance, which is likely to take place in the middle atmosphere over Taiwan. Model computations show that the South American thunderstorms (Amazon basin) play the leading role in maintaining radio signals, leading to the anomaly in the Schumann resonance.

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6

Atsuta, S., T. Ogawa, S. Yamaguchi, K. Hayama, A. Araya, N. Kanda, O. Miyakawa, et al. "Measurement of Schumann Resonance at Kamioka." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 716 (May 2016): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/716/1/012020.

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7

Nickolaenko, A. P. "Modern aspects of Schumann resonance studies." Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 59, no. 7 (May 1997): 805–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1364-6826(96)00059-4.

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8

Labendz, Daniel. "Investigation of Schumann resonance polarization parameters." Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 60, no. 18 (December 1998): 1779–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1364-6826(98)00152-7.

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9

Sekiguchi, M., M. Hayakawa, A. P. Nickolaenko, and Y. Hobara. "Evidence on a link between the intensity of Schumann resonance and global surface temperature." Annales Geophysicae 24, no. 7 (August 9, 2006): 1809–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-24-1809-2006.

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Abstract. A correlation is investigated between the intensity of the global electromagnetic oscillations (Schumann resonance) with the planetary surface temperature. The electromagnetic signal was monitored at Moshiri (Japan), and temperature data were taken from surface meteorological observations. The series covers the period from November 1998 to May 2002. The Schumann resonance intensity is found to vary coherently with the global ground temperature in the latitude interval from 45° S to 45° N: the relevant cross-correlation coefficient reaches the value of 0.9. It slightly increases when the high-latitude temperature is incorporated. Correspondence among the data decreases when we reduce the latitude interval, which indicates the important role of the middle-latitude lightning in the Schumann resonance oscillations. We apply the principal component (or singular spectral) analysis to the electromagnetic and temperature records to extract annual, semiannual, and interannual variations. The principal component analysis (PCA) clarifies the links between electromagnetic records and meteorological data.

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10

Chand, R., M. Israil, and J. Rai. "Schumann resonance frequency variations observed in magnetotelluric data recorded from Garhwal Himalayan region India." Annales Geophysicae 27, no. 9 (September 23, 2009): 3497–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-27-3497-2009.

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Abstract. Schumann resonance (SR) frequency variation has been studied using Magnetotelluric (MT) data recorded in one of the world's toughest and generally inaccessible Himalayan terrain for the first time in the author's knowledge. The magnetotelluric data, in the form of orthogonal time varying electric and magnetic field components (Ex, Ey, Bx and By), recorded during 10 March–23 May 2006, in the Himalayan region, India, at elevations between 1228–2747 m above mean sea level (amsl), were used to study the SR frequency variation. Electromagnetic field components, in the form of time series, were recorded at 64 Hz sampling frequency at a site located away from the cultural noise. Spectral analysis of time series data, at a frequency resolution of 0.03 Hz, has been performed using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm. Spectral stabilization in three Schumann resonance modes is achieved by averaging the power spectral magnitude of 32 data segments, each with 2048 sample data. Amplitude variation in the Schumann resonance frequency associated with day-night, sunrise and terminator effect was observed. Average diurnal variation in the first three Schumann resonance frequencies associated with magnetic field components is presented. The maximum frequency variation of about 0.3, 0.4 and 0.7 Hz was observed in the first, second and third mode, respectively. The frequency variations observed in electric and magnetic field components also show phase shift and varying attenuation. The SR frequency variation has been used to define the ionospheric electron density variation in the Himalayan region, India.

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11

Nickolaenko, A. P. "Schumann Resonance and Lighting Strokes in Mesosphere." Telecommunications and Radio Engineering 55, no. 4 (2001): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/telecomradeng.v55.i4.20.

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12

Cao, Bing-Xia, and Xiao-Lin Qiao. "Observations on Schumann Resonance in Low Ionosphere." Journal of Electronics & Information Technology 32, no. 8 (August 27, 2010): 2002–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1146.2009.01535.

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13

Kudintseva, I. G., S. A. Nikolayenko, A. P. Nickolaenko, and Masashi Hayakawa. "SCHUMANN RESONANCE BACKGROUND SIGNAL SYNTHESIZED IN TIME." Telecommunications and Radio Engineering 76, no. 9 (2017): 807–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/telecomradeng.v76.i9.60.

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14

Roldugin, V. K., and M. I. Beloglazov. "Schumann resonance amplitude during the Forbush effect." Geomagnetism and Aeronomy 48, no. 6 (November 28, 2008): 768–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0016793208060091.

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15

Nickolaenko, A. P., and Davis D. Sentman. "Line splitting in the Schumann resonance oscillations." Radio Science 42, no. 2 (March 30, 2007): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006rs003473.

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16

Mitsutake, G., K. Otsuka, M. Hayakawa, M. Sekiguchi, G. Cornélissen, and F. Halberg. "Does Schumann resonance affect our blood pressure?" Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 59 (October 2005): S10—S14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0753-3322(05)80003-4.

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17

Nickolaenko, Alexander P., Bruno P. Besser, and Konrad Schwingenschuh. "Model computations of Schumann resonance on Titan." Planetary and Space Science 51, no. 13 (November 2003): 853–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0032-0633(03)00119-3.

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18

Williams, E. R. "The Schumann Resonance: A Global Tropical Thermometer." Science 256, no. 5060 (May 22, 1992): 1184–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.256.5060.1184.

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19

Kudintseva, I. G., S. A. Nikolayenko, A. P. Nickolaenko, and M. Hayakawa. "Schumann resonance background signal synthesized in time." RADIOFIZIKA I ELEKTRONIKA 22, no. 1 (March 28, 2017): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/rej2017.01.027.

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20

Cao, B. X., X. L. Qiao, and H. J. Zhou. "Observations on Schumann resonance in industrial area." Electronics Letters 46, no. 11 (2010): 758. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2010.0130.

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21

Nickolaenko, A. P., I. G. Kudintseva, O. Pechony, M. Hayakawa, Y. Hobara, and Y. T. Tanaka. "The effect of a gamma ray flare on Schumann resonances." Annales Geophysicae 30, no. 9 (September 7, 2012): 1321–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-30-1321-2012.

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Abstract. We describe the ionospheric modification by the SGR 1806-20 gamma flare (27 December 2004) seen in the global electromagnetic (Schumann) resonance. The gamma rays lowered the ionosphere over the dayside of the globe and modified the Schumann resonance spectra. We present the extremely low frequency (ELF) data monitored at the Moshiri observatory, Japan (44.365° N, 142.24° E). Records are compared with the expected modifications, which facilitate detection of the simultaneous abrupt change in the dynamic resonance pattern of the experimental record. The gamma flare modified the current of the global electric circuit and thus caused the "parametric" ELF transient. Model results are compared with observations enabling evaluation of changes in the global electric circuit.

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22

Persinger, Michael A. "Schumann Resonance Frequencies Found within Quantitative Electroencephalographic Activity: Implications for Earth-Brain Interactions." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 30 (March 2014): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.30.24.

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Recent measurements of cerebral quantitative electroencephalographic power densities within the first three harmonics of the earth-ionosphere Schumann resonances and the same order of magnitude for both systems electric and magnetic (pT) fields suggest the possibility of direct intercalation or interaction. The phase modulations of the Schumann propagations and those associated with consciousness are very similar. Quantitative solutions from contemporary values for the physical parameters of the human brain and the earth-ionospheric resonances suggest that electromagnetic information maintained during the first 30 min of experience could be also represented within a property of the (Hilbert) space occupied by the ionospheric wave guide within the earth’s magnetic field. Several astronomical phenomena, including gravitational waves and the neutral hydrogen line, display physical properties with magnitudes matching cerebral electromagnetic activity particularly during light sleep. The presence of Schumann frequencies within the human brain may have greater significance than hereto assumed for the human species.

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23

Persinger, Michael A. "Schumann Resonance Frequencies Found within Quantitative Electroencephalographic Activity: Implications for Earth-Brain Interactions." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 30 (March 12, 2014): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-ly2br0.

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Recent measurements of cerebral quantitative electroencephalographic power densities within the first three harmonics of the earth-ionosphere Schumann resonances and the same order of magnitude for both systems electric and magnetic (pT) fields suggest the possibility of direct intercalation or interaction. The phase modulations of the Schumann propagations and those associated with consciousness are very similar. Quantitative solutions from contemporary values for the physical parameters of the human brain and the earth-ionospheric resonances suggest that electromagnetic information maintained during the first 30 min of experience could be also represented within a property of the (Hilbert) space occupied by the ionospheric wave guide within the earth’s magnetic field. Several astronomical phenomena, including gravitational waves and the neutral hydrogen line, display physical properties with magnitudes matching cerebral electromagnetic activity particularly during light sleep. The presence of Schumann frequencies within the human brain may have greater significance than hereto assumed for the human species.

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24

Filatov, Aleksandr. "Possibility of using GLM data for studying plasma phenomena." Solar-Terrestrial Physics 8, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/stp-83202212.

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The article deals with scientific and technical problems associated with the functionality of the geostationary lightning mapper, which is currently used for meteorological monitoring. Results of the study into the Schumann resonance phenomenon and the technical parameters of the mapper were analyzed simultaneously. A hypothesis is offered which suggests that there are pulsations in the time dependences of the radiation power of lightning activity at frequencies corresponding to Schumann resonance. A new application of the geostationary lightning mapper for studying plasma phenomena is proposed. Adding to the mapper an acousto-optic filter and a camera, which has the functions of switching the resolution/frame rate parameters, is shown to be useful for both meteorological and plasma studies.

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25

Filatov, Aleksandr. "Possibility of using GLM data for studying plasma phenomena." Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika 8, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/szf-83202212.

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The article deals with scientific and technical problems associated with the functionality of the geostationary lightning mapper, which is currently used for meteorological monitoring. Results of the study into the Schumann resonance phenomenon and the technical parameters of the mapper were analyzed simultaneously. A hypothesis is offered which suggests that there are pulsations in the time dependences of the radiation power of lightning activity at frequencies corresponding to Schumann resonance. A new application of the geostationary lightning mapper for studying plasma phenomena is proposed. Adding to the mapper an acousto-optic filter and a camera, which has the functions of switching the resolution/frame rate parameters, is shown to be useful for both meteorological and plasma studies.

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26

Nickolaenko, A. P., and M. Hayakawa. "Universal and local time components in Schumann resonance intensity." Annales Geophysicae 26, no. 4 (May 13, 2008): 813–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-26-813-2008.

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Abstract. We extend the technique suggested by Sentman and Fraser (1991) and discussed by Pechony and Price (2006), the technique for separating the local and universal time variations in the Schumann resonance intensity. Initially, we simulate the resonance oscillations in a uniform Earth-ionosphere cavity with the distribution of lightning strokes based on the OTD satellite data. Different field components were used in the Dayside source model for the Moshiri (Japan, geographic coordinates: 44.365° N, 142.24° E) and Lehta (Karelia, Russia, 64.427° N, 33.974° E) observatories. We use the extended Fourier series for obtaining the modulating functions. Simulations show that the algorithm evaluates the impact of the source proximity in the resonance intensity. Our major goal was in estimating the universal alteration factors, which reflect changes in the global thunderstorm activity. It was achieved by compensating the local factors present in the initial data. The technique is introduced with the model Schumann resonance data and afterwards we use the long-term experimental records at the above sites for obtaining the diurnal/monthly variations of the global thunderstorms.

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27

Nickolaenko and Hayakawa. "Recent studies of Schumann resonance and ELF transients." Journal of Atmospheric Electricity 27, no. 1 (2007): 19–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/jae.27.19.

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28

Yatsevich, Nickolaenko, Shvets, and Rabinowicz. "TWO COMPONENT SOURCE MODEL OF SCHUMANN RESONANCE SIGNAL." Journal of Atmospheric Electricity 26, no. 1 (2006): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/jae.26.1.

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29

Hayakawa, Masashi, Yasuhide Hobara, Kenji Ohta, Jun Izutsu, Alexander P. Nickolaenko, and Valery Sorokin. "Seismogenic Effects in the ELF Schumann Resonance Band." IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials 131, no. 9 (2011): 684–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms.131.684.

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30

Gazquez, Jose, Rosa Garcia, Nuria Castellano, Manuel Fernandez-Ros, Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno, and Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro. "Applied Engineering Using Schumann Resonance for Earthquakes Monitoring." Applied Sciences 7, no. 11 (October 27, 2017): 1113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app7111113.

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31

Yatsevich, E. I., A. P. Nickolaenko, A. V. Shvets, and L. M. Rabinowicz. "Two Component Model of the Schumann Resonance Signal." Telecommunications and Radio Engineering 64, no. 10 (2005): 873–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/telecomradeng.v64.i10.100.

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32

Ikeda, Akihiro, Teiji Uozumi, Akimasa Yoshikawa, Akiko Fujimoto, Shuji Abe, Hiromasa Nozawa, and Manabu Shinohara. "Characteristics of Schumann Resonance Parameters at Kuju Station." E3S Web of Conferences 20 (2017): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20172001004.

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33

Heckman, S. J., E. Williams, and B. Boldi. "Total global lightning inferred from Schumann resonance measurements." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 103, no. D24 (December 1, 1998): 31775–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/98jd02648.

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34

Tzanis, A., and D. Beamish. "Time domain polarization analysis of Schumann resonance waveforms." Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 49, no. 3 (March 1987): 217–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(87)90057-2.

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35

Lorenz, Ralph D., and Alice Le Gall. "Schumann resonance on Titan: A critical Re-assessment." Icarus 351 (November 2020): 113942. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2020.113942.

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36

Béghin, Christian. "The atypical generation mechanism of Titan's Schumann resonance." Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets 119, no. 3 (March 2014): 520–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013je004569.

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37

Verő, J., J. Szendrői, G. SÁtori, and B. Zieger. "On Spectral Methods in Schumann Resonance Data Processing." Acta Geodaetica et Geophysica Hungarica 35, no. 2 (June 2000): 105–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03325601.

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38

Hayakawa, M., A. P. Nickolaenko, M. Sekiguchi, K. Yamashita, Y. Ida, and M. Yano. "Anomalous ELF phenomena in the Schumann resonance band as observed at Moshiri (Japan) in possible association with an earthquake in Taiwan." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 8, no. 6 (December 2, 2008): 1309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-8-1309-2008.

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Abstract. The ELF observation at Moshiri (geographic coordinates: 44.29° N, 142.21° E) in Hokkaido, Japan, was used to find anomalous phenomena in the Schumann resonance band, possibly associated with a large earthquake (magnitude of 7.8) in Taiwan on 26 December 2006. The Schumann resonance signal (fundamental (n=1), 8 Hz; 2nd harmonic, 14 Hz, 3rd harmonic, 20 Hz, 4th, 26 Hz etc.) is known to be supported by electromagnetic radiation from the global thunderstorms, and the anomaly in this paper is characterized by an increase in intensity at frequencies from the third to fourth Schumann resonance modes mainly in the BEW component with a minor corresponding increase in the BNS component also. Spectral modification takes place only in the interval of 21:00 UT±1 h, which corresponds to the global lightning activity concentrated in America. While distortions were absent in other lightning-active UT intervals, in particular, around 08:00 UT±1 h (Asian thunderstorms) and around 15±1 h (African lightning activity). The anomaly occurred on 23 December three days prior to the main shock. The results observed were explained in terms of ELF radio wave perturbation caused by the lower ionospheric depression around the earthquake epicenter. The difference in the path lengths between the direct radio wave from an active global thunderstorm center and the wave scattered from the non-uniformity above Taiwan causes interference at higher resonance modes, which is successful in explaining the observational data.

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39

Tellinghuisen, Joel. "Can resonances occur in the photodissociation continuum of a diatomic molecule? The role of potential discontinuities." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 82, no. 6 (June 1, 2004): 826–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v04-047.

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Continuum resonances are standard fare in the instructional literature for quantum mechanics, where they arise from the continuity conditions imposed on one-dimensional wavefunctions for piecewise-constant potential energy functions. Such resonance structure weakens progressively as the discontinuity in the potential is smoothed, showing that the structure is specifically attributable to the discontinuity. Since diatomic molecular potential energy curves seldom vary rapidly on the distance scale of the period of the wavefunction, such continuum resonances are not expected in absorption continua. A historically interesting prediction of such structure in the SchumannRunge continuum (B ← X) of O2 is attributed to the inadvertent incorporation of discontinuity in the B-state potential curve employed in the computations.Key words: quantum mechanics, continuum resonance, diatomic absorption, photodissociation continuum, numerical methods.

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40

Hayakawa, M., A. P. Nickolaenko, Y. P. Galuk, and I. G. Kudintseva. "Manifestations of Nearby Moderate Earthquakes in Schumann Resonance Spectra." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS AND APPLIED RESEARCH 7, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33665/ijear.2020.v07i01.001.

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41

Neska, Mariusz, Paweł Czubak, and Jan Reda. "Schumann resonance monitoring in Hornsund (Spitsbergen) and Suwałki (Poland)." Publications of the Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences; Geophysical Data Bases, Processing and Instrumentation 425, no. M-32 (July 3, 2019): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.25171/instgeoph_pas_publs-2019-008.

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42

Cano-Domingo, Carlos, Nuria Novas Castellano, Manuel Fernandez-Ros, and Jose Antonio Gazquez-Parra. "Segmentation and characteristic extraction for Schumann Resonance transient events." Measurement 194 (May 2022): 110957. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2022.110957.

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43

Nickolaenko, A. P. "MONITORING THE PEAK FREQUENCY OF SCHUMANN RESONANCE AND ANALEMMA." Telecommunications and Radio Engineering 74, no. 9 (2015): 815–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/telecomradeng.v74.i9.70.

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44

Schlegel, K., and M. Füllekrug. "Schumann resonance parameter changes during high-energy particle precipitation." Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 104, A5 (May 1, 1999): 10111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999ja900056.

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45

Abhijit Ghosh, Debasish Biswas, Pranab Hazra, Gautam Guha, and S. S. De. "Studies on Schumann Resonance Phenomena and Some Recent Advancements." Geomagnetism and Aeronomy 59, no. 8 (December 2019): 980–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0016793219080073.

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46

Boccippio, D. J., C. Wong, E. R. Williams, R. Boldi, H. J. Christian, and S. J. Goodman. "Global validation of single-station Schumann resonance lightning location." Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 60, no. 7-9 (May 1998): 701–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1364-6826(98)00035-2.

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47

Ikeda, Akihiro, Teiji Uozumi, Akimasa Yoshikawa, Akiko Fujimoto, and Shuji Abe. "Schumann resonance parameters at Kuju station during solar flares." E3S Web of Conferences 62 (2018): 01012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186201012.

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We examined the Schumann resonance (SR) at low-latitude station KUJ by comparing with solar X-ray flux and solar proton flux at a geostationary orbit. For intense solar activity in October-November 2003, the reaction of the SR frequency to X-ray enhancement and SPEs was different. The SR frequency in H component increased at the time of the Xray enhancement. The response of SR seems to be caused by the increase of the electron density in the ionospheric D region which ionized by the enhanced solar X-ray flux. In the case of the SPEs, the SR frequency in D component decreased with enhancement of solar proton flux. We suggest that the SPEs caused the decrease of altitude on the ionopheric D region at high-latitude region, and the SR frequency decreased.

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48

Melnikov, A., C. Price, G. Sátori, and M. Füllekrug. "Influence of solar terminator passages on Schumann resonance parameters." Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 66, no. 13-14 (September 2004): 1187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2004.05.014.

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49

Heard, G. J., H. W. Dosso, W. Nienaber, and J. E. Lokken. "Laboratory analogue modelling of the Schumann Resonance source field." Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 39, no. 3 (August 1985): 178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(85)90088-3.

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Shvets, A. V., A. P. Nickolaenko, and V. N. Chebrov. "Effect of Solar Flares on the Schumann-Resonance Frequences." Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics 60, no. 3 (August 2017): 186–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11141-017-9789-8.

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