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Hofbauer, Pamela S. Mooney Edward S. "Characterizing high school students' understanding of the purpose of graphical representations." Normal, Ill. : Illinois State University, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1414114601&SrchMode=1&sid=6&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1207664408&clientId=43838.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 2007.Title from title page screen, viewed on April 8, 2008. Dissertation Committee: Edward S. Mooney (chair), Cynthia W. Langrall, Sherry L. Meier, Norma C. Presmeg. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-121) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Gardner, Kimberly D. "Investigating Secondary School Students' Experience of Learning Statistics." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/msit_diss/30.
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Although more students are taking courses in statistics before leaving high school, the research base on teaching and learning statistics at the high school level has not accumulated as rapidly (Garfield & Chance, 2000). Very little is known about how secondary school students learn statistics, how the misconceptions they bring to the subject impede their learning, and what should be taught or assessed (Watson & Callingham, 2003). Studies that have investigated these issues tend to focus on the K-5, undergraduate, and graduate levels of education (Groth, 2003). Therefore, more research is needed at the secondary level (Garfield & Chance, 2000). The purpose of this qualitative investigation is to examine how secondary school students' approaches to learning relate to how they assign meaning to statistics. Phenomenography (Marton & Booth, 1997) is the theoretical orientation that frames the study, and it examines the role human experience plays in learning, by reporting variations in the ways participants experience a phenomenon (Dall'Alba & Hasselgreen, 1996). The research questions for the study were: 1) What are the different ways high school students define statistics? 2) What are the different ways high school students learn statistics? 3) What are the different ways students experience learning statistics? The nine participants in the study were high school graduates who completed a course in Statistics or Advanced Placement Statistics while enrolled in high school in a suburban area in the southeast. Data sources were semi-structured interviews and journaling. Using phenomenographic methodology, students' descriptions of the experience of learning were analyzed and coded. An outcome space of the collective experiences was constructed. A hierarchical relationship between students' approach to learning and their learning strategies was found. Also, a hierarchical relationship between students' approaches to learning and the meaning they assigned to statistics was found.
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Leong, Jennifer. "High School Students' Attitudes and Beliefs Regarding Statistics in a Service-Learning-Based Statistics Course." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2007. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/msit_diss/12.
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Despite agreement among researchers about the powerful influence of attitudes and beliefs on the development of students’ mathematical knowledge base (Leder, Pehkonen, & Törner, 2002), relatively little is known about these constructs in statistics education. This study investigated the relationship between mathematics-and statistics-related attitudes and beliefs of 11 high school students in an introductory statistics course designed around a 13-week long service-learning project. Service-learning is a pedagogical approach that situates academic learning in the context of community service. The study utilized qualitative, teacher-researcher (Cochran-Smith & Lytle, 1993) methodology from an interpretivist perspective. The three primary modes of data collection were journals, narratives, and an open-ended survey (Survey of Mathematical and Statistical Affect). Observations and reflections were also recorded regularly in a researcher journal. Inquiry adhered to guidelines for trustworthiness and rigor as outlined by Lincoln and Guba (1985). Item, pattern, and structural levels of analysis were employed (LeCompte and Schensul, 1999b). Investigation into attitudes and beliefs was framed in accordance with Op t’ Eynde, De Corte, and Verschaffel’s (2002) conceptualization of the mathematics-related belief system and McLeod’s (1992) framework of the affective domain in mathematics education. Results indicate that participants’ attitudes toward mathematics and statistics tended to converge while participants’ beliefs regarding mathematics and statistics tended to diverge. Participants like mathematics and statistics that involve real-life scenarios. Participants also like mathematics and statistics that do not require complex mathematical tasks. Participants’ beliefs regarding statistics were generally more positive than beliefs regarding mathematics. Participants reported greater confidence doing statistics than mathematics and contribute this confidence, in part, to service-learning. Participants also experienced a heightened sense of social awareness and social responsibility through the service-learning project. These results provide evidence that service-learning can be utilized to solidify positive attitudes and beliefs regarding statistics among high school students, in spite of potentially less positive ones toward mathematics.
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Groth, Randall E. Langrall Cynthia Willey Mooney Edward S. "Development of a high school statistical thinking framework." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p3087867.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 2003.Title from title page screen, viewed November 10, 2005. Dissertation Committee: Cynthia W. Langrall, Edward S. Mooney (co-chair), Beverly J. Hartter, Sharon S. McCrone. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 199-212) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Cheung, Pak-hong. "Statistical analysis of secondary school teachers' attitudes towards mathematics." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1991. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13064873.
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Cheung, Pak-hong, and 張百康. "Statistical analysis of secondary school teachers' attitudes towards mathematics." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1991. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31976517.
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Showalter, Daniel A. "Estimating the Causal Effect of High School Mathematics Coursetaking on Placement out of Postsecondary Remedial Mathematics." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1395226381.
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Webb, Derek, Glen Richgels, Marty J. Wolf, Todd Frauenholtz, and Ann Hougen. "Improving Student Interest, Mathematical Skills, and Future Successthrough Implementation of Novel Mathematics Bridge Course for High School Seniors and Post-secondary Students." Proceedings of the tenth International Conference Models in Developing Mathematics Education. - Dresden : Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft, 2009. - S. 575 - 578, 2012. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A1823.
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We present a new course titled “Introduction to the Mathematical Sciences.” The course content is 1/3 algebra, 1/3 statistics, and 1/3 computer science and is taught in a laboratory environment on computers. The course pedagogy departs radically from traditional mathematics courses taught in the U.S. and makes extensive use of spreadsheet software to teach algebraic and statistical concepts. The course is currently offered in area high schools and two-year postsecondary institutions with financial support from a Blandin Foundation grant (referenced under BFG). We will present empirical evidence that indicates students in this course learn more algebra than students in a traditional semester-long algebra course. Additionally, we present empirical evidence that students learn statistical and computer science topics in addition to algebra. We will also present the model of developing this course which depended on increasing future student success in a variety of disciplines at the post-secondary level of study.
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Webb, Derek, Glen Richgels, Marty J. Wolf, Todd Frauenholtz, and Ann Hougen. "Improving Student Interest, Mathematical Skills, and Future Success through Implementation of Novel Mathematics Bridge Course for High School Seniors and Post-secondary Students." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-81097.
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We present a new course titled “Introduction to the Mathematical Sciences.” The course content is 1/3 algebra, 1/3 statistics, and 1/3 computer science and is taught in a laboratory environment on computers. The course pedagogy departs radically from traditional mathematics courses taught in the U.S. and makes extensive use of spreadsheet software to teach algebraic and statistical concepts. The course is currently offered in area high schools and two-year postsecondary institutions with financial support from a Blandin Foundation grant (referenced under BFG). We will present empirical evidence that indicates students in this course learn more algebra than students in a traditional semester-long algebra course. Additionally, we present empirical evidence that students learn statistical and computer science topics in addition to algebra. We will also present the model of developing this course which depended on increasing future student success in a variety of disciplines at the post-secondary level of study.
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Pickle, Maria Consuelo (suzie) Capiral. "Statistical Content in Middle Grades Mathematics Textbooks." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4203.
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Statistical Content in Middle Grades Mathematics Textbooks
Maria Consuelo (Suzie) Capiral Pickle
Abstract
This study analyzed the treatment and scope of
statistical concepts in four, widely-used, contemporary, middle
grades mathematics textbook series: Glencoe Math Connects,
Prentice Hall Mathematics, Connected Mathematics Project, and
University of Chicago School Mathematics Project. There were
three phases for the data analysis. Phase 1 addressed the location
and sequence of the statistical concepts. Phase 2 focused upon an
examination of the lesson narrative, its components and scope.
Phase 3 analyzed the level of cognitive demand required of the
students to complete the exercises, and the total number of
exercises per statistical concept. These three phases taken
together provided insight into students' potential opportunity to learn
statistical topics found in middle grades mathematics textbooks.
Results showed that concepts, such as measures of central
tendency, were repeated in several grades while other topics such
as circle graphs were presented earlier than the recommendations
in documents such as the National Council of Teachers of
Mathematics Principles and Standards (2000) and the Common
Core State Standards (2010). Further results showed that most of
the statistical content was found in a chapter near the end of the
book that would likely not be covered should time run short. Also,
each textbook had a particular lesson narrative style. Moreover,
most of the statistical exercises required low level cognitive
demand of the students to complete the exercises, potentially
hindering the development of deep understanding of the concepts.
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Helfgott, Michel. "A Sojourn Through Geometry and Algebra." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. http://amzn.com/1492798894.
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This textbook is intended for college juniors or seniors majoring in mathematics, who plan to become high school teachers. It seeks to provide a deeper perspective on secondary mathematics, showing the interplay between plane geometry and algebra. A distinctive characteristic of the book is the frequent discussion of multiple paths to the solution of a problem or the proof of a theorem. Practically none of the topics covered in the book overlap with the content of courses taken by mathematics majors, say real analysis, abstract algebra, differential equations, combinatorics, probability and statistics, number theory, etc. These courses, and several others, provide indispensable mathematical maturity but are rather distant from the core of high school mathematics. Precisely, one of our main objectives is to bridge the gap between the latter and college-level mathematics.https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu_books/1084/thumbnail.jpg
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Yum, Kim-hung, and 任劍熊. "Within the IEA Third international Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS): the relationship between familybackground and mathematics achievement of Hong Kong students." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31959192.
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Sokhra, Mansur M. "A comparison of four mathematical models for projecting enrollment and teaching staff demand at the preparatory school level in Libya /." The Ohio State University, 1988. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487590702990914.
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Benak, David Rhys. "An analysis of mathematics instructional leadership behaviors among Indiana secondary school principals supportive of the implementation of the NCTM Standards." Virtual Press, 2002. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1233195.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree to which Indiana secondary school principals engaged in mathematics instructional leadership behaviors that supported the implementation of the NCTM Standards.A self-reporting survey was sent to 300 randomly chosen secondary school principals, from a population of 672 public school secondary principals in the State of Indiana during the 2000-2001 school year. A total of 151 usable surveys were returned for a response rate of 50.3 percent. The 151 secondary school principals who returned the questionnaires were 22.5 percent of the population.The survey instrument was an adaptation of questionnaires developed by Horizon Research Incorporated, 1992; Cauley, Van de Walle, and Hoyt, 1993; and Horizon Research Incorporated; 1994. The survey instrument was designed to ascertain demographic information on the principal's school, personal background information on the principal, as well as information concerning the mathematics instructional leadership behaviors of the principal.The major findings from this study were:1. Principals who had more positive attitudes towards the NCTM Standards were more likely to have engaged in a higher degree of support for teachers who implemented the NCTM Standards. Also, principals who had more positive attitudes towards the NCTM Standards were more likely to provide a greater degree of direction to staff members with respect to the implementation of the NCTM Standards.2. Female principals engaged in mathematics instructional leadership behaviors to a greater degree than did male principals.3. Principals from urban schools engaged in mathematics instructional leadership behaviors to a greater degree than did principals from rural schools.Department of Educational Leadership
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Mullins, Sherry Lynn. "Statistics: Raising the Bar for the Seventh Grade Classroom." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2006. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2221.
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After recognizing the need for a more thorough concentration of statistics at the seventh grade level, the author concluded that it would be a good idea to include statistics that cover both seventh and eighth grade Virginia Standards of Learning. Many years of administering the SOL mathematics test at the eighth grade level led the author to the understanding that some of the more advanced seventh graders would be missing some key concepts taught in eighth grade because those advanced students would be taking algebra in the eighth grade. In this thesis, the author has developed four units that she feels are appropriate for this level and will fill the gap.
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Sabo, Melody. "Retaining Interests: The Relationship between Student Interests and Student Retention." Malone University Undergraduate Honors Program / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ma1463139891.
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Fay, Robert H. "Application of the Fusion Model for Cognitive Diagnostic Assessment with Non-diagnostic Algebra-Geometry Readiness Test Data." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7285.
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This study retrofitted a Diagnostic Classification Model (DCM) known as the Fusion model onto non-diagnostic test data from of the University of Chicago School Mathematics Project (UCSMP) Algebra and Geometry Readiness test post-test used with Transition Mathematics (Third Edition, Field-Trial Version). The test contained 24 multiple-choice middle school math items, and was originally given to 95 advanced 6th grade and 293 7th grade students. The use of these test answers for this study was an attempt to show that by using cognitive diagnostic analysis techniques on test items not constructed for that purpose, highly predictable multidimensional cognitive attribute profiles for each test taker could be obtained. These profiles delineated whether a given test taker was a master or non-master for each attribute measured by the test, thus allowing detailed diagnostic feedback to be disseminated to both the test takers and their teachers.
The full version of the non-compensatory Fusion model, specifically, along with the Arpeggio software package, was used to estimate test taker profiles on each of the four cognitive attributes found to be intrinsic to the items on this test, because it handled both slips and guesses by test takers and accounted for residual skills not defined by the four attributes and twenty-four items in the Q-matrix. The attributes, one or more of which was needed to correctly answer an item, were defined as: Skills— those procedures that students should master with fluency; e.g., multiplying positive and negative numbers; Properties—which deal with the principles underlying the mathematics concepts being studied, such as being able to recognize and use the Repeated-Addition Property of Multiplication; Uses—which deal with applications of mathematics in real situations ranging from routine "word problems" to the development and use of mathematical models, like finding unknowns in real situations involving multiplication; and, Representations—which deal with pictures, graphs, or objects that illustrate concepts.
Ultimately, a Q-matrix was developed from the rating of four content experts, with the attributes needed to answer each item clearly delineated. A validation of this Q-matrix was obtained from the Fusion model Arpeggio application to the data as test taker profiles showed which attributes were mastered by each test taker and which weren’t. Masters of the attributes needed to be acquired to successfully answer a test item had a proportion-correct difference from non-masters of .44, on average. Regression analysis produced an R-squared of .89 for the prediction of total scores on the test items by the attribute mastery probabilities obtained from the Fusion model with the final Q-matrix. Limitations of the study are discussed, along with reasons for the significance of the study.
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Kunene, Looksmart Lucky Zamokuhle. "Classroomlevel factors affecting mathematics achievement : a comparative study between South Africa and Australia using TIMSS 2003." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25819.
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The purpose of the study was to explore and compare key classroom level factors affecting mathematics learner achievement for South Africa and Australia. The study focused in the classroom where teaching and learning takes place. This is a secondary analysis of classroom level factors influencing Grade 8 mathematics learner achievement using the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2003. TIMSS 2003 was chosen because it was the latest international study available to measure trends in mathematics learner achievement, where South Africa had participated. Quantitative research approach was employed and a survey research method was used which seeks, among others, to explore relationships and patterns. Survey research method was suitable to provide data that responded to the research questions. The data collection in South Africa and Australia was conducted in October-December 2002 as both countries are located in the Southern Hemisphere. The sample for South Africa consisted of 255 schools with 100% coverage and stratification done by a total of nine provinces, and language. This resulted in 8952 learners tested across the provinces (Joncas, 2004, p. 212). For Australia, the sample consisted of 207 schools with 100% coverage and stratification done by a total of 8 States and Territories and school type. This resulted in 4791 learners participating in the study. The sample included teachers of learners who were selected to participate in the TIMSS 2003 study for South Africa and Australia. The intended target was teachers of all learners at the end of their eight year of schooling. For each participating school, a single mathematics class was sampled and the mathematics teacher of the selected class was asked to complete a mathematics questionnaire. Mathematics teachers of sampled learners responded to questions about teaching emphasis on the topics in the curriculum frameworks, instructional practices, professional training and education and their views on mathematics. The mathematics teacher questionnaire was designed to take about 45 minutes to complete The main question for this study was “What are the key classroom factors that influence learner performance in mathematics?” The three sub questions for the study were: What key variables on classroom level are related to learner achievement in mathematics for South Africa? What key variables on classroom level are related to learner achievement in mathematics for Australia? How do the classroom level factors in mathematics performance of South Africa compare with classroom level factors in Australia? The conceptual framework for the study stressed classroom level factors including instructional quality, which includes teacher background factors, classroom climate, teaching requirements and mathematics curriculum. The framework describes the factors related to classroom interactions within the comprehensive education system, with regard to inputs – process – outputs – outcomes. The selection of variables for the inclusion in the models was guided by the conceptual framework and extensive preliminary analyses. Preliminary statistical analyses included exploring descriptive statistics, Varimax factor analysis, reliability, correlation analysis and stepwise multiple regression analysis. The results of the study indicate that several specific classroom level factors were associated with the higher levels of mathematics achievement of South Africa and Australia. The results for the final South African model were: age of teacher; years been teaching; outside school day grading tests; outside school day other; and computer shortage were identified to predict learner achievement. For Australia ten classroom factors, namely, teacher perception of school climate; teacher perception of school safety; teacher emphasis on mathematics homework; teacher repeat mathematics limiting factors; homework contribute towards learning; work conditions; unhappy learners; shortage of instructional equipment; geometric shapes; and algebraic functions were identified to predict learner achievement. South Africa has factors like teacher background and outside school activities by the teacher. Australia has factors like classroom climate, work conditions and curriculum quality. In the light of schools effectiveness research and school improvement research, a comparative study like this one would require more than one level (classroom level), two or three levels would have been ideal to draw other variables and enrich the analysis, especially the learner level and school level. School effectiveness places an emphasis on the ability and social background of the learners as factors that shape academic performanceDissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Science, Mathematics and Technology Education
unrestricted
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Basham, Jennifer Elizabeth. "The Effects of an Overnight Environmental Science Education Program on Students' Attendance Rate Change for Middle School Years." PDXScholar, 2015. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2730.
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Programs that engage middle students in participatory, real-world, and hands-on field based instruction can be a powerful asset to the educational experiences for students; motivating and inspiring some to appreciate and value school in a different way. Overnight environmental science programs have a unique opportunity to support students by creating experiences where students can participate in learning in vastly different ways from what they may engage with in the traditional 4-walled classroom, while concurrently developing a relationship with the natural world. Decreasing educational budgets and increased need to substantiate educational programs in terms of their impact on students has added pressure for overnight environmental science programs to validate their impact through quantitative means. Utilizing overnight environmental science education program attendance records and merging them with school district data relating to attendance, this study investigates the impact of one such overnight environmental science program on students' attendance rate change. Analyzing the secondary data using multiple linear regressions modeling, researchers explored how the overnight environmental program impacted student attendance rate change and how it varied by demographic characteristics to understand if and how the program addresses school district and educational policy reform targets.
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Nascimento, Sandro Grossi. "Situações didáticas e educação estatística: uma proposta de aprendizagem no estudo de centralidade para o ensino médio." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2015. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/3255.
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O presente trabalho é uma pesquisa, cujo objetivo é investigar atividades didáticas de estatística para alunos do Ensino Médio. Essas atividades propiciaram a construção e/ou a reconstrução das medidas de centralidade e, assim, obter um olhar mais detalhado para o estudo dessas medidas, com o intuito de preparar os alunos de forma mais eficiente no uso de situações problemas do cotidiano. Concomitantemente, analisar, a partir da Educação Estatística, com o viés da Literacia Estatística, a compreensão dos resultados obtidos na análise dessas medidas. A teoria da Engenharia Didática subsidiou a metodologia desta investigação enquanto as situações didáticas e as situações a-didáticas foram os aportes teóricos na análise das atividades propostas aos estudantes, culminando assim, em uma proposta de sequência didática para o Produto Educacional. Vale salientar que os sujeitos desta pesquisa são os estudantes de uma escola estadual, turma do terceiro ano do Ensino Médio da cidade de Paraíba do Sul, do Estado do Rio de Janeiro.
This work is a research whose aim is to investigate teaching of statistical activities for high school students. These activities led to the construction and / or reconstruction of the centrality measures and thus a more detailed look at the study of these measures, in order to prepare students more effectively in the use of everyday problems situations. Concomitantly, analyze, from the statistics, with the bias of Literacy Education Statistics, the understanding of the results obtained in the analysis of these measures. The theory of Didactic Engineering supported the methodology of this research while teaching situations and situations-teaching were the theoretical contributions in the analysis of the proposed activities to students, so culminating in a proposal of didactic sequence for the Educational Product. It is worth noting that the subjects of this research are students of a state school, class of third year of high school in the city of Paraiba do Sul, State of Rio de Janeiro.
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Zen, Priscila Dombrovski. "A importância da estatística no ensino médio." Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, 2017. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/2435.
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A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo principal a análise de documentos, livros didáticos e questões do ENEM a fim de verificar como os mesmos apontam os caminhos para trabalhar o conteúdo de Estatística dentro da disciplina de Matemática no Ensino Médio. A pesquisa será qualitativa, de cunho exploratório e se apoiará nos princípios da pesquisa-ação. Sustentando-se em tais princípios, optou-se pela revisão da literatura referente ao ensino de Estatística onde observou-se o potencial que a mesma apresenta perante o ensino da Matemática na Educação Básica. As legislações investigadas apontam que, cada uma no seu campo de interesse, tem a necessidade da formação completa, disponibilizando aos alunos artifícios capazes de torná-los cidadãos plenos nos aspectos físicos, cognitivos e socioemocionais. O próximo ponto analisado foi em relação a como, o conteúdo da disciplina em foco, é apresentado aos estudantes através dos livros didáticos. Para isso foi realizado um levantamento das coleções utilizadas pelos colégios e verificou-se o conjunto de obras mais utilizado na grande maioria das instituições. Também, segundo a análise realizada, o mesmo é o que contempla os pressupostos contidos na legislação direcionada, seguindo o sentido do proposto pelos autores contidos na literatura. Após as considerações levantadas, foram observadas as questões do ENEM, a fim de verificação referente à quantidade destas no uso da Estatística quando apresentada nas provas. Ainda, quais foram os devidos conteúdos abordados. Como produto final deste documento, foi elaborado um material didático de apoio ao professor, contendo duas propostas de ensino, que se ancoram com o suporte do Software Microsoft Office Excel. As mesmas foram contextualizadas sobre conteúdos básicos de Estatística voltados ao Ensino Médio.
The main objective of the present research was the analysis of documents, textbooks and ENEM questions in order to verify how they point out the ways to work the content of Statistics within Mathematics in High School. The research will be qualitative, exploratory and based on the principles of action research. Based on these principles, it was decided to review the literature regarding the teaching of Statistics, where it was observed the potential that it presents before the teaching of Mathematics in Basic Education. The legislations investigated point out that each one in their field of interest has the need for complete training, providing students with devices capable of making them full citizens in the physical, cognitive and social-emotional aspects. The next point analyzed was in relation to how the content of the subject in focus, is presented to the students through the textbooks. For this, a survey of the collections used by the colleges was carried out and the most used set of works was verified in the great majority of the institutions. Also, according to the analysis carried out, the same is what contemplates the assumptions contained in the targeted legislation, following the meaning proposed by the authors contained in the literature. After the considerations raised, the ENEM questions were observed, in order to verify the number of them in the use of Statistics when presented in the tests. Also, what were the appropriate content addressed. As a final product of this document, a didactic material to support the teacher was prepared, containing two teaching proposals that are anchored with the support of Microsoft Office Excel Software. These were contextualized on basic contents of Statistics directed to High School.
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Fernandes, Rúbia Juliana Gomes. "Estatística e probabilidade: uma proposta para os anos iniciais do ensino fundamental." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2014. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2359.
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Acompanha: Sequência de ensino: estatística e probabilidade nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamentalO presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar quais os impactos que uma Sequência de Estudo - SE, pautada no ensino e aprendizagem da Estatística e Probabilidade, poderá causar para os anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. Com a intenção de alcançar tal objetivo, desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa aplicada, com enfoque qualitativo de cunho interpretativo numa turma de alunos do 4° ano do Ensino Fundamental da Rede Municipal de Educação da cidade de Curitiba. A fundamentação teórica pauta-se em autores que abordam o ensino de Estatística e Probabilidade, bem como as competências de letramento, pensamento e raciocínio estatístico, como: Cazorla (2002, 2006, 2008), Lopes (2003, 2008, 2010a, 2010b), Silva (2007), Cazorla, Kataoka e Silva (2010), Campos, Wodewotzki e Jacobini (2011), dentre outros. Inicialmente realizou-se uma análise prévia com relação aos conteúdos básicos de Estatística e Probabilidade que os alunos possuíam, por meio de um instrumento diagnóstico (pré-teste). Na sequência trabalhou-se uma sequência de ensino voltada aos conteúdos básicos de Estatística e Probabilidade, utilizando dados coletados na turma, ou seja, contextualizados. Assim, constatou-se, durante o trabalho com a SE, grande interesse, disposição e entusiasmo dos alunos para realização das atividades, além do envolvimento mais acentuado com relação aos conteúdos em questão. Os resultados das análises referentes ao desempenho e aproveitamento dos alunos após o trabalho (pós-teste) com a SE evidenciaram que a proposta favoreceu para que houvesse avanços relevantes quanto à apropriação dos conteúdos básicos de Estatística e Probabilidade dos alunos, em relação à representação tabular e gráfica, probabilidade, combinatória e média aritmética. Apesar disso, é importante destacar que, mesmo com os progressos obtidos, os alunos não compreenderam plenamente todos os conhecimentos sistematizados, ficando latente a necessidade do desenvolvimento de outros encaminhamentos pedagógicos de tais conteúdos. Para esta pesquisa foi elaborado um material didático de apoio, para os professores que atuam no nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, apresentando uma SE envolvendo os conteúdos básicos de Estatística e Probabilidade, a qual está anexada nesta dissertação.
This research aimed to analyze which contributions of a Sequência de Ensino (SE), based on the teaching and learning Statistics and Probability, can provoke in the irst years of Elementary School. With the intention to reach this aim, an applied esearch was developed, focusing the quality, with interpretative analysis, in a group of 4th year of Elementary School in a public institution in Curitiba, PR. The theory applied is based on theorists engaged in the Statistics and Probabilities teaching, as well as the competences of literacy and statistical thinking and reasoning, such as Cazorla (2002), Lopes (2003, 2008, 2010, 2010b), Silva (2007), Cazorla, Kataoka and Silva (2010), Jacobini et al. (2010), Campos, Wodewotzki and Jacobini (2011), and others. Initially an analysis about the student's Statistics and Probabilities knowledge was made concerning to the basis contents of Statistics and Probability. Using data collected in a group, it means, contextualized data. Then we could figure out, during the work with the SE, a big interest, disposition and enthusiasm from the students to do the activities, beyond the more pronounced engagement with the content in question. The results of the analysis from the (post-test) referring to the student's performance and achievement after working with the SE showed that the proposal favored the relevant advances regarding the appropriation of the students’ basic contents Statistics and Probability concerning the tabular and graphic representation, probability, combinatorial and half arithmetic. Therefore, it is important to remark that, even with the obtained progress, the students did not understand completely all the systematized knowledge, staying salient the necessity of development of other pedagogical ways of these contents. For this research we designed a didactic support material for teachers working in Elementary school in the early years, with a SE involving the basic Statistics and Probability contents, which is attached in this dissertation.
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Gu, Nahai. "Styles cognitifs, langue chinoise et apprentissage des mathématiques et de la statistique : etude exploratoire dans le contexte de l'enseignement secondaire en Chine." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2058/document.
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Dans cette étude de recherche, nous allons explorer les caractéristiques d’apprentissage des élèves de différents styles cognitifs de l’enseignement secondaire en Chine. Plusieurs études, y compris notre dernière recherche, ont mis en avant le fait que les étudiants universitaires des différents styles cognitifs ont manifesté différentes caractéristiques d’apprentissage. Dans notre travail précédent, nous avons constaté que les connaissances mathématiques sont essentielles pour l’apprentissage de la statistique. En même temps, les étudiants chinois des différents parcours d’étude ont manifesté différents styles cognitifs. De plus, certaines études ont montré les caractéristiques de la généralisation dans l’apprentissage des élèves chinois qui renvoie aux caractéristiques de l’apprentissage de la langue chinoise. Comme tous les étudiants chinois ne font pas leurs études dans le même contexte scolaire et le développement des styles cognitifs sont étroitement lié l’adaptation socioculturelle, nous nous somme intéressé aux relations entre les trois éléments qui sont respectivement le contexte culturel, les caractéristiques d’apprentissage et les styles cognitifs. Ainsi, en tant qu’une étude de continuation, cette thèse se concentre sur les caractéristiques d’apprentissage des mathématiques des lycéens chinois des différents établissements et des différents styles cognitifs. A travers cette thèse, nous visons dans un premier temps à valider des résultats qui sont mis au jour par différentes études recherches de différents contextes culturels. Ensuite, comme la sélection des élèves de chaque établissement est basée sur les concours nationaux qui joue un rôle essentiel à déterminer le contexte scolaire, nous nous intéressons spécifiquement aux styles cognitifs dépendant-indépendants à l’égard du champ et styles cognitifs réflexivité-impulsivité car les caractéristiques des deux types de style cognitif sont, à priori, étroitement lié au contexte de concours. Nous allons explorer les liens entre la sélection des élèves et différents styles cognitifs. Nous allons également voir la relation entre le style cognitif dépendant-indépendant à l’égard du champ et le style réflexivité-impulsivité. Éventuellement, nous allons présenter les différentes caractéristiques d’apprentissage des mathématiques des élèves des différents styles cognitifs et des différents établissementsIn this research study, we will explore the learning characteristics of students of different cognitive styles of secondary education in China. Several studies, including our latest research, have highlighted the fact that students of different cognitive styles have manifested different learning characteristics. In our previous work, we noted that mathematical knowledge is essential for the learning of statistic. Meanwhile, Chinese students off different studies showed different cognitive styles. Moreover, some studies have shown the characteristics of generalization in Chinese student learning process which refers to the characteristics of Chinese language learning. Since all Chinese students do not study in the same context and the development of cognitive styles are closely linked to socio-cultural adaptation, we are interested in the relationships between the three elements that are respectively the cultural context, mathematics learning and cognitive styles. Thus, as a continuation study, this thesis focuses on the mathematics learning characteristics of the Chinese high school students of different campus and different cognitive styles.In this thesis, we aim firstly to validate the results that are revealed by different researches of different cultural contexts. Secondly, as the selection of students of each campus is based on the national competitions that play a key role in determining the school context, we are specifically interested in the field dependence-independence cognitive style as well as the reflexivity-impulsivity cognitive style as the characteristics of the two types of cognitive style are, theoretically, closely related to the competition context. We will explore the links between student selection and different cognitive styles. We will also see the relationship between the field dependent-independent cognitive style and the reflexivity-impulsivity cognitive style. Eventually, we will present the different mathematics learning characteristics of students of different cognitive styles and different school campus
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Silva, Wanessa Cristine Costa e. "Contribuições para o desenvolvimento de competências estatísticas no ensino médio por meio dos registros de representação semiótica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/97/97138/tde-04122018-144950/.
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A escola hoje tem o desafio de atuar na formação de cidadãos capazes de consumir e pensar criticamente as informações que permeiam suas vidas diariamente, que saibam tomar decisões e participem positivamente na construção da sociedade em que vivem. Com o objetivo de colaborar nessa formação, apresenta-se uma proposta de ensino de Matemática, com foco nos conteúdos estatísticos, que possa contribuir no desenvolvimento das competências de letramento, raciocínio e pensamento estatísticos dos alunos. Para isso, utilizaram-se sequências de ensino, contextualizadas com temas do cotidiano selecionados pelo grupo de estudantes, elaboradas a partir de questionários que traçaram o perfil e conhecimentos prévios do grupo. A base para a formalização e análise das sequências foram os pressupostos dos registros de representação semiótica de Duval (2003). Ao final, investigaram-se as habilidades desenvolvidas e as impressões dos alunos por meio de questionários finais. O método utilizado foi pesquisa-ação e o trabalho realizado foi com alunos de duas turmas de 3º ano do Ensino Médio, de uma escola pública do interior do estado de São Paulo. A pesquisa desenvolvida mostrou a importância do ensino e aprendizagem de conceitos estatísticos durante toda a trajetória escolar. O desenvolvimento da proposta foi considerado positivo, pois os alunos participaram ativamente e responderam a ela de forma satisfatória.The current school has the challenge of acting the formation of citizens who are able to consume and think critically the information that permeates their daily lives, who know how to make choices and participate positively in the construction of the society in which they live. With the objective of collaborating in this training, a proposal of Mathematics teaching is presented, with a focus on statistical content, which can contribute to the development of students` literacy, reasoning and statistical thinking skills. Therefore, teaching sequences were used, contextualized with themes of daily life selected by the group of students, elaborated from questionnaires that traced the profile and previous knowledge of the group. The basis for the formalization and analysis of the sequences were the Duval`s (2003) assumptions of the semiotic representation records. At the end, student`s skills and impressons were investigated through final questionnaires. The used method was action research and the work was carried out with students from two classes of 3rd year of High School, from a public school in a state of São Paulo small town. The developed research showed the importance of teaching and learning statistical concepts throughout the school trajectory. The development of the proposal was considered positive, since the students participated actively and responded to it in a satisfactory way.
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Marte, Michael. "Models and Algorithms for School Timetabling." Diss., lmu, 2002. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-9369.
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Ozgeldi, Meric. "Middle School Mathematics Teachers." Phd thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614448/index.pdf.
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The current study aimed to explore middle school mathematics teachers&rsquouse of mathematics textbooks and examine their integration of tasks in the textbooks into teaching. The framework of a mixed methods research design guided data collection in this study. A questionnaire called the Use of Mathematics Textbooks Questionnaire was developed and validated to identify the ways teachers benefit from textbooks. The factor analysis revealed four dimensions, namely Reading Student Edition Textbook, Selecting Questions from Workbook, Reading Teacher Edition Textbook, and Selecting Tasks and Problems from Auxilary Books. The results of the study showed that teachers used the student edition textbook for mostly during class and for lesson preparation. Teachers also used the student edition textbook for explaining the topic and the introductory tasks. However, they rarely used it for selecting problems and examples. Teachers read the student edition textbook mostly during and prior to class
and mostly use it for topic explanation, but rarely for problems and examples. They stated that they frequently selected questions from the workbook that were not included in the textbook. However, they occasionally picked questions to use during lessons. They frequently used auxilary books to select questions similar to the ones in the high school entrance exam problems. In examining the process of teachers&rsquo
use of mathematics textbooks, it was argued that there were interpretive processes as teachers engage with and use textbooks. The analysis of interviews and observations showed that teachers read textbooks and select tasks and questions from those books. In their decisions about using tasks from textooks, teachers usually considered the nature of tasks and students&rsquo
characteristics.
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Flodin, Mikael, and Shadi Khatibi. "Betyg och kön : likvärdighet eller diskriminering?" Thesis, KTH, Lärande, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-227802.
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Nationella och internationella kunskapsmätningar i matematik visar likartade resultat för flickor och pojkar. Trots det visar statistiken att flickor erhåller systematiskt högre slutbetyg. Denna studie undersöker huruvida betyg tjänar som likvärdigt mått på kunskap hos flickor och pojkar i gymnasiets matematikämne. Detta görs dels utifrån en kvantitativ ansats och dels utifrån en enkätstudie. Med utgångspunkt i nationell registerdata (SCB) för slutbetyg och resultat på nationella provet undersöks, medelst fyra olika analysmetoder, könsskillnader med avseende på kurs, skolform och län. Studien visar att flickor generellt erhåller högre slutbetyg än pojkar i relation till resultatet på nationella provet, vilket bekräftar tidigare forskning. Vidare påvisar analysen särskilt stora diskrepanser på betygsnivå C och högre; i matematikkurser på yrkesförberedande program; i senare kurser inom samtliga program; i Västernorrlands, Västmanlands, Gotlands och Kalmar län; liksom i fristående skolor. Korrelationsanalys tydliggör hur nationella provet utgör en mindre del av betygsunderlaget för flickor jämfört med pojkar. Dessutom avslöjar analysen ett omvänt samband mellan könsbetingad relativ prestation på nationella provet och avvikelse i slutbetyget. Enkätstudien undersöker bedömningspraktiken hos matematiklärare. Filtrering på lärarens kön, ålder, program och skolform, har tillämpats. Resultatet tyder på systematiska skillnader i bedömningspraktik mellan olika lärarkategorier, vilket innebär att betygssättningen kan brista i likvärdighet. Skillnader har påvisats mellan, i första hand, lärare på yrkesprogram och naturvetenskapliga program, såväl som mellan lärare i kommunala och fristående skolor. Också lärarens kön och ålder tycks ha viss betydelse. Studien avslutas med en diskussion kring möjliga lösningar.National and international assessments in mathematics show similar results for girls and boys. Despite this, statistics show that girls receive systematically higher final grades. This study examines whether grades serve as an equivalent measure of knowledge of girls and boys in high school mathematics. This is done partly on the basis of a quantitative approach and partly on the basis of a survey. Based on national register data (Statistics Sweden) for final grades and results of national tests, using four different methods of analysis, gender differences with respect to course, school form and county, are examined. The study shows that girls generally get a higher final grade than boys in relation to their results on the national test, confirming previous research. Furthermore, the analysis shows particularly large discrepancies at grade C and higher; in mathematics courses on vocational programs; in later courses within all programs; in V¨asternorrland, V¨astmanland, Gotland and Kalmar County; as well as in independent schools. Correlation analysis clarifies how the national test constitutes a smaller part of the assessment basis for girls compared to boys. The analysis also reveals an inverse relationship between gender dependent relative performance on the national test and the final grade deviation. The survey examines the assessment practice among mathematics teachers. Filtering on the teacher’s gender, age, program and school form has been applied. The result suggests systematic differences in assessment practice between different teacher categories, implying that grades can break in equality. Differences have been shown between, primarily, teachers in vocational programs and science programs, as well as between teachers in municipal and independent schools. Also the teacher’s gender and age seems to be of some importance. The study concludes with a discussion about possible solutions.
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Bigattão, Junior Pedro Alceu. "Concepção do professor de matemática sobre o ensino da estocástica." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2007. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/11507.
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Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo
The propositions for the teaching of probability and statistics to the Junior High School suffered successive transformations without, many times, discussions by the teachers that are going to put them into practice. So, the purpose of this study was to verify how the teachers of Junior High School see the stochastic concepts when confronted to the problem situations that involve variability in the exploratory analysis of the data. The bibliographic research for the presenting of the theoretical foundation of the studies was performed. The research methodology was based on the Mathematics teachers conceptions about scholastic teaching. So, a descriptive research was performed, whose data were given by the collaborating teachers. Thus, an inquiry with 23 questions was applied. The analysis of the answers was made with the support of the Classification. Hierarchical Implicative and Cohesive Software (C.H.I.C) that enabled to evidence the inter-relations found on the answers. The study concluded that the teachers researched although teaching the scholastic contents, in the majority of times, without the didactic book or no pedagogical material do not dominate this concept, since no one teaches what they do not know
As propostas para o ensino da probabilidade e estatística para o Ensino Fundamental II sofrem transformações sucessivas sem que, muitas vezes, sejam discutidas pelos professores que as colocarão em pratica. Desse modo, o presente estudo tem como objetivo verificar como os docentes de Ensino Fundamental II vêem os conceitos estocásticos quando confrontados com situações problema que envolva variabilidade na análise exploratória dos dados. Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica a fim de apresentar a fundamentação teórica dos estudos. A metodologia da pesquisa baseou-se nas concepções dos professores de Matemática sobre o ensino estocástico; desse modo foi realizada uma pesquisa descritiva cujos dados foram fornecidos pelos professores colaboradores. Assim, foi aplicado um questionário com 23 questões. A analise das respostas foi feita com o apoio do software Classificação Hierárquica Implicativa e Coesiva (C.H.I.C) que possibilitou evidenciar as inter-relações encontradas nas respostas. O estudo conclui que os professores pesquisados mesmos ensinando os conteúdos estocásticos na maioria das vezes sem o livro didático ou nenhum material pedagógico não domina este conteúdo, visto que ninguém ensina o que não sabe
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Valente, Evandro R. "Mathematics Curriculum Coaching and Elementary School Students’ Mathematics Achievement in a Northeast Tennessee School System." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1783.
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Educators and policymakers have demonstrated interest in finding ways to better equip mathematics teachers so they can help students achieve at a higher level. Academic coaching has been identified as an effective professional development activity for teachers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference between students’ achievement levels before and after a mathematics initiative in a Northeast Tennessee school district. In this study I analyzed grades 3 – 6 students’ Tennessee Comprehensive Assessment Program or TCAP scores in the year prior to the hiring of a mathematics coach and their respective scores 2 years after the placement of the mathematics coach. All statistical analyses were analyzed at a .05 level of significance. All null hypotheses under both research questions were analyzed with a pairsampled t-test using repeated-measures design. The results indicate significant difference in students’ TCAP scores prior to and after specialist. Scores after specialist were significantly higher than scores before specialists. The difference was present for students who attended Title I schools as well as for students who attended non-Title I schools. School administrators and school district leaders can benefit from such a study because it presents academic coaching as a viable means to equip teachers so they can help students increase their achievement in mathematics.
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Nordheimer, Swetlana. "Beziehungshaltigkeit und Vernetzungen im Mathematikunterricht der Sekundarstufe I." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16922.
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Die Notwendigkeit einer Untersuchung über Beziehungshaltigkeit und Vernetzungen im Mathematikunterricht ergibt sich einerseits aus den aktuellen bildungspolitischen Forderungen, andererseits aus den reichhaltigen bildungsphilosophischen Traditionen im deutschsprachigem Raum(KMK 2012, 11). Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit besteht vor allem in der Reflexion von Beziehungshaltigkeit und Vernetzungen im Mathematikunterricht. Diese Reflexion ist durch drei Fragen bestimmt: Was kann man als Lehrer über Beziehungshaltigkeit wissen? Wie kann man als Lehrer handeln, so dass die Schüler Beziehungen zwischen mathematischen Inhalten erkennen bzw. selbständig herstellen? Um handeln zu können, muss man die Wirklichkeit oder die Praxis (bzw. Empirie) kennen, in der man handelt. In diesem Sinne ist die vorliegende Arbeit aufgebaut. Dabei wird ein Versuch unternommen, die klassische Aufteilung zwischen Theorie und Empirie bzw. Praxis des Mathematikunterrichts aufzubrechen, um eine Verzahnung zwischen diesen zu verstärken. Das Herzstück der Arbeit bilden zwei ausgearbeitete und in der schulischen Arbeit erprobte Aufgabennetze (Pythagorasbaum und Rund ums Sechseck), die den Rahmen zur Reflexion bieten.The need for a study on relations sustainability and networks in mathematics stems, on the one hand, from current education policy requirements, and, on the other, from the rich philosophical traditions of education in the German-speaking countries (KMK 2012, 11). The goal of the present work consists, above all, in reflecting on relations sustainability and networks in mathematics lessons. This reflection is guided by three questions: What can one know, as a teacher, about relations sustainability? How can one act a teacher to ensure that students recognise relationships between mathematical content, or independently produce such relations? In order to act, one must know the reality or practice (e.g. empiricism) in which one acts. The project is focused on the development and testing of worked examples of concrete task networks ("Pythagoras’ tree" and "Around the hexagon").
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Gardner, Kimberly D. "Investigating secondary school students' experience of learning statistics." unrestricted, 2007. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-12032007-153308/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2007.Title from file title page. Christine Thomas, committee chair; Stephen Harmon, Pier Junor-Clark, Lynn Stallings, committee members. Electronic text (122 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed August 11, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-115).
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Blackmore, Debbie Marie. "Perceptions of change in school mathematics." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0018/MQ54861.pdf.
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Ilaslan, Serap. "Middle School Mathematics Teachers'." Master's thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615681/index.pdf.
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The purpose of this study was to reveal and define the problems middle school mathematics teachers experienced in applying transformational geometry and the solutions they proposed to overcome these problems. A total of six elementary mathematics teachers (grades 5-8) in Ankara participated in the study. The data were collected by means of one-to-one interviews with the participants. The findings indicated that the participants&rsquoproblems divided into three parts. These problems were problems arising from teachers, problems arising from students and problems arising from resources. The participants expressed challenges in teaching due to lack of materials, textbooks, and visualization ability of teachers, classroom size, and time. According to the findings, rotation was the most problematic issue. The participants claimed insufficient technological materials were the reason of this problem. Participants did not feel confidence enough to implement transformational geometry especially in rotation since they lacked adequate training and support. The participants claimed that the Ministry&rsquo
s support should be increased, concrete and technological materials should be sufficient in number, and the duration of transformational geometry lesson should be increased.
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Dick, Catherine Anna Louise. "Collaborative assessment in middle school mathematics." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26369.
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This study examined the mathematical learning that grade 8 students demonstrated when they were given the opportunity to work collaboratively, with a teacher-assigned partner, on an in-class assessment. In addition to topic-specific concepts, skills, and procedures, mathematical learning also included more general abilities such as selecting strategies, developing plans, communicating ideas, and evaluating solutions. The primary sources of data for this study were the conversations and written papers of four “equal status” dyads as they worked on a problemsolving assessment in which they were encouraged to discuss their ideas and submit a joint solution. Analysis indicated that most dyads worked collaboratively throughout the task and that both students were relatively equal contributors to the joint solution. Therefore, while collaborative assessment reduced the ability to hold individual students accountable for what they had learned, it appeared to be an accurate reflection of most students’ mathematical knowledge and ability. One dyad, however, remained committed to working independently; the partners rarely discussed their ideas with each other and both students created their own solutions.
During their discussions, students who collaborated were more likely to discuss various calculations related to the problem, rather than discuss potential strategies or solutions. Students interacted comfortably and informally with each other and asked questions if they did not understand, but did not often critically challenge their partner’s suggestions or provide justification for their own ideas. As a result, students did not always make reasoned choices when approaching the problem or evaluate the appropriateness of their strategy or solution.
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Scoggins, C. "Professional development in elementary school mathematics." ScholarWorks, 2010. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/817.
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This study was an investigation of mathematics instruction and professional development at a rural elementary school. The Department of Education in a southern U.S. state implemented a new curriculum in 2007 that required major changes in mathematics instruction. The problems were that teachers engaged in different levels of training and many students experienced a decline in mathematics scores on the Criterion-Referenced Competency Test (CRCT). The historical learning theories of Piaget and Vygotsky framed the study. The guiding questions focused on how to improve mathematics instruction through professional development for teachers. Nine elementary school educators served as purposefully selected participants. The research design was a case study that included triangulation of data from teacher interviews, a research journal, and documents such as lesson plans. Open coding and selective analysis generated 9 themes and 9 subthemes to answer the guiding questions. Findings showed that participants believed content and pedagogy should be addressed through professional development led by teachers themselves. Additional findings were that teachers valued collaboration, literature and research, observation, vertical alignment, engagement, relevance, and support. Results were used to guide the design of a mathematics professional development program (MPDP), a collection of relevant tasks, literature, and online resources geared toward improving teachers' content and pedagogical knowledge. The MPDP is immediately applicable in an elementary school setting. The implications for positive social change include better mathematics instruction that will prepare U.S. students to compete in the modern economy and world of mathematical and scientific advances.
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Johnson, Gwendolyn Joy. "Proportionality in Middle-School Mathematics Textbooks." Scholar Commons, 2010. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1670.
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Some scholars have criticized the treatment of proportionality in middle-school textbooks, but these criticisms seem to be based on informal knowledge of the content of textbooks rather than on a detailed curriculum analysis. Thus, a curriculum analysis related to proportionality was needed.
To investigate the treatment of proportionality in current middle-school textbooks, nine such books were analyzed. Sixth-, seventh-, and eighth-grade textbooks from three series were used: ConnectedMathematics2 (CMP), Glencoe's Math Connects, and the University of Chicago School Mathematics Project (UCSMP). Lessons with a focus on proportionality were selected from four content areas: algebra, data analysis/probability, geometry/measurement, and rational numbers. Within each lesson, tasks (activities, examples, and exercises) related to proportionality were coded along five dimensions: content area, problem type, solution strategy, presence or absence of a visual representation, and whether the task contained material regarding the characteristics of proportionality. For activities and exercises, the level of cognitive demand was also noted.
Results indicate that proportionality is more of a focus in sixth and seventh-grade textbooks than in eighth-grade textbooks. The CMP and UCSMP series focused on algebra in eighth grade rather than proportionality. In all of the sixth-grade textbooks, and some of the seventh- and eighth-grade books, proportionality was presented primarily through the rational number content area.
Two problem types described in the research literature, ratio comparison and missing value, were extensively found. However, qualitative proportional problems were virtually absent from the textbooks in this study. Other problem types (alternate form and function rule), not described in the literature, were also found.
Differences were found between the solution strategies suggested in the three textbook series. Formal proportions are used earlier and more frequently in the Math Connects series than in the other two. In the CMP series, students are more likely to use manipulatives.
The Mathematical Task Framework (Stein, Smith, Henningsen, & Silver, 2000) was used to measure the level of cognitive demand. The level of cognitive demand differed among textbook series with the CMP series having the highest level of cognitive demand and the Math Connects series having the lowest.
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O'Halloran, Kay L. "The discourses of secondary school mathematics." Thesis, O'Halloran, Kay L. (1996) The discourses of secondary school mathematics. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1996. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/3360/.
Full textAbstract:
A systemic functional analysis of the oral pedagogical discourse and board texts of secondary school mathematics lessons differentiated on the basis of school sector, gender and social class is completed through the development of a computer program to handle the linguistic analysis and the construction of a Hallidayan systemic framework for mathematical symbolism and visual depiction. The new frameworks allow for investigation of the unique contributions of language, mathematical symbolism and visual display in the construction of meaning in mathematical texts and the process of semiotic metaphor which occurs in movements between these codes. The systemic analysis of the classroom discourse is situated within a Foucauldian perspective of power, knowledge and truth in mathematics, mathematics education and wider discursive practices involving the private and state school sectors.
The analysis of linguistic patterns, register selections and genres of four Year Ten secondary school mathematics lessons reveals that in private elite single sex schools the male students demonstrate the greatest participation and access to the discourse of mathematics while the female students participate in interpersonal patterns of deference which do not resonate with the tenor dimensions of mathematics. The monofunctional tendency orientated towards interpersonal meaning in the lesson of the working class students at a government school indicates that the social goal of the lesson is primarily directed towards maintaining tenor relations through covert manipulation as opposed to learning mathematics. The limited functionality of practical lessons in mathematics is also demonstrated as a shift from everyday discourse to mathematical discourse does not occur. Mathematical pedagogical discourse is characterised by a dense texture which arises in part from the strategies by which meaning is encoded in mathematical symbolism. As opposed to the lexical density and grammatical intricacy of written and spoken language respectively, mathematical symbolism realises grammatical density whereby multiple levels of clausal rankshift preserve the nuclear configurations of Operative processes and participants which describe relations of parts to the whole and continuous patterns of variation. In addition, inherent difficulties in mathematical pedagogical discourse arise from long implication chains of reasoning and dependence on multiple semiotic resources with the latter resulting in referential complexity and iii multisemiotic intertwining of lexical and participant chains and strings. The results of the analysis, interpreted through Bernstein's theory of pedagogical practices and coding orientations and Halliday's formulations of spoken and written language, reveal that the semantic orientation of working class students does not accord with that realised in mathematics.
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Mooney, Edward S. Langrall Cynthia Willey. "Development of a middle school statistical thinking framework." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9927773.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 1999.Title from title page screen, viewed July 20, 2006. Dissertation Committee: Cynthia W. Langrall (chair), Carol A. Thornton, Graham A. Jones, Kenneth N. Berk. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 159-171) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Vaughn, Christy H. "Middle School Mathematics Students' Perspectives on the Study of Mathematics." WALDEN UNIVERSITY, 2012. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3494607.
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Vaughn, Christy H. "Middle School Mathematics Students' Perspectives on the Study of Mathematics." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/980.
Full textAbstract:
This qualitative study addressed the perceptions toward the study of mathematics by middle school students who had formerly been in a remedial mathematics program. The purpose of the study was to explore the past experiences of nine students in order to determine what is needed for them to feel successful in mathematics. The conceptual framework of the study was grounded in philosophies of motivation, including achievement goal theory, self-worth theory, self-efficacy theory, expectancy-value theory, and attribution theory. The study used a phenomenological research design to answer the key research question, which focused upon the experiences of students and the meaning that was given to these experiences. Data were collected and analyzed from individual interviews with 9 students and a focus group session. The findings of the study revealed that participants' past experiences influenced their current attitudes about the study of mathematics. Perceptions of mathematical ability, history of success or failure with grades, and the influence of the teacher and peers in the learning environment most influenced students' attitudes about mathematics. Moreover, current feelings impact the degree to which a student puts forth effort in the study of mathematics, and the relationship with the mathematics teacher had the greatest impact on student attitudes. To improve the perceptions that students have about the study of mathematics, expanded professional development opportunities may bring increased awareness of students' perceptions of the study of mathematics, and develop remedial mathematics programs that remove the negative stigma associated with them. The research study could lead to social change as its purpose is to improve student achievement in mathematics through changes in the remedial mathematics program.
41
Leddy, John Francis Joseph. "Justifying and proving in secondary school mathematics." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ58600.pdf.
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Lewis, Gareth. "An investigation into disaffection with school mathematics." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/28479.
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This is an investigative and exploratory study focussing on better understanding the landscape of disaffection with school mathematics. A case is made that disaffection is a disabling condition that harms the capability of young people to learn mathematics and has economic, social and individual consequences. At the same time, and despite its importance, a claim is made that disaffection with school mathematics is under-researched and poorly understood. Those studies that have either focussed on disaffection, or have encountered it, have done so often from the point of view of the quantitative study of attitude. The case is made that this, whilst valuable, does not give a comprehensive and insightful enough picture of the phenomenon. Thus in this study disaffection is characterised as a primarily motivational and emotional phenomenon, and a mixed methods approach, emphasising the value of qualitative interviews, has been adopted. The study is undertaken from a constructivist and interpretative perspective, and Reversal Theory has been adopted as the main theoretical framework, used to inform the design of the study, and the interpretation of the data. Innovative methods and instruments have been devised to arrive at a ‘thick’ description of the subjective experience of disaffection. The data has been presented as a series of case studies, together with analysis and discussion across cases. Inferences and generalisations have been drawn to add further to knowledge in the field.
43
Zorin, Barbara. "Geometric Transformations in Middle School Mathematics Textbooks." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3421.
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Abstract
This study analyzed treatment of geometric transformations in presently available middle grades (6, 7, 8) student mathematics textbooks. Fourteen textbooks from four widely used textbook series were evaluated: two mainline publisher series, Pearson (Prentice Hall) and Glencoe (Math Connects); one National Science Foundation (NSF) funded curriculum project textbook series, Connected Mathematics 2; and one non-NSF funded curriculum project, the University of Chicago School Mathematics Project (UCSMP).
A framework was developed to distinguish the characteristics in the treatment of geometric transformations and to determine the potential opportunity to learn transformation concepts as measured by textbook physical characteristics, lesson narratives, and analysis of student exercises with level of cognitive demand. Results indicated no consistency found in order, frequency, or location of transformation topics within textbooks by publisher or grade level.
The structure of transformation lessons in three series (Prentice Hall, Glencoe, and UCSMP) was similar, with transformation lesson content at a simplified level and student low level of cognitive demand in transformation tasks. The types of exercises found predominately focused on students applying content studied in the narrative of lessons. The typical problems and issues experienced by students when working with transformations, as identified in the literature, received little support or attention in the lessons. The types of tasks that seem to embody the ideals in the process standards, such as working a problem backwards, were found on few occurrences across all textbooks examined. The level of cognitive demand required for student exercises predominately occurred in the Lower-Level, and Lower-Middle categories.
Research indicates approximately the last fourth of textbook pages are not likely to be studied during a school year; hence topics located in the final fourth of textbook pages might not provide students the opportunity to experience geometric transformations in that year. This was found to be the case in some of the textbooks examined, therefore students might not have the opportunity to study geometric transformations during some middle grades, as was the case for the Glencoe (6, 7), and the UCSMP (6) textbooks, or possibly during their entire middle grades career as was found with the Prentice Hall (6, 7, Prealgebra) textbook series.
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Finlayson, Helen M. "LOGO, mathematics and upper primary school children." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6629.
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This study was set up to assess the contribution that a computer modelling approach using the language LOGO could make to the quality of mathematics learning in primary school children. Following a constructivist theory of mathematical learning it is argued that many problems children have with their mathematics results from instrumental learning without understanding, rather than relational learning. LOGO was developed, in part, to provide a learning environment for children to investigate mathematical ideas and thus develop their own understanding. Previous research has not provided much evidence that this happens, nor specified what mathematical learning could be expected to take place and what pedagogic approach could bring it about. Other questions relating to the maturity of the children and their aptitude for programming have similarly been neglected. This study was set up to identify the mathematical ideas intrinsic to Turtle Geometry and to explore the conditions under which this learning could best be fostered. The study was carried out in three phases. The first phase considered the constraints of maturity and the need to program on the learning of 9 and 11 year old children. The second phase of the study followed up the programming of the older children, to see what mathematics they were encountering, and what sort of activities encouraged them to think mathematically. Pre and post tests were used to identify the mathematical learning which was taking place. In Phase III a control group was used to identify the particular mathematical learning which could be attributed to LOGO experience, and to assess the transfer of mathematical learning from the LOGO context to novel problem solving. The first two phases revealed considerable mathematical activity intrinsic to Turtle Geometry. The need to learn some simple programming apparently did not present a barrier to mathematical investigation. The test results in the third phase showed that the children had deepened their understanding of angles, variables and general process aspects of mathematics through using LOGO. The performance of the children on the computers was monitored and was found to be revealing of their current mathematical understanding.
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Gottardis, L. "Deaf primary school children's achievement in mathematics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:13f90aa3-c27e-46e2-a6b6-3db04de3712f.
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The present research aims to evaluate the extent of deaf children’s delay in mathematics, identifying the moderators of this delay and determine the longitudinal predictors of their mathematical achievement. For five decades, studies have reported that deaf children lag behind their hearing peers in mathematics (Gottardis, Nunes and Lunt, 2011). Background factors such as age, degree of hearing loss, presence of cochlear implant and types of educational provision were previously hypothesised to be moderators of the extent of this delay but, up to now, they have not been tested. Pagliaro (2010) argued that number knowledge, working memory and degree of hearing loss could be possible causes of deaf children’s difficulties in mathematics but no clear conclusions were reached. The present investigation aims to provide insight into the causes of deaf children’s delay in mathematics. The survey study addressed the first aim of the present study. The maths test of the Performance Indicators for Primary School (PIPS) was used as outcome measure. Factors related to deaf children (degree of hearing loss, age, years in education, presence of cochlear implant, gender, causes of deafness) and background factors (highest maternal education, language used at home, type of educational provision) were assessed as possible predictors and moderators of the extent of deaf children’s delay in mathematics. The overall extent of deaf children’s delay in mathematics was of -1.76 SDs. The older the children get and the more years they spend in special schools for the deaf or in units for hearing impaired, the wider is their gap in mathematics achievement compared with their hearing peers. It is, therefore, necessary to intervene in their mathematical learning in the early years of schooling in order to create pathways for improvement. The second aim of the present study was addressed through a longitudinal design. Logical-mathematical reasoning, working memory and counting ability were chosen as predictors of deaf children’s mathematical attainment on the basis of theoretical framework, evidence from longitudinal studies and from the analysis of the difficulties that deaf children have in these factors compared with hearing peers. Hierarchical regression analyses were used to assess the independence of the contributions of logical-mathematical reasoning, working memory and counting ability to the prediction of deaf children’s mathematical achievement measured through the PIPS. Age, years in education, type of educational provision and non-verbal intelligence were used as controls. Counting ability and working memory did make independent contributions to the prediction of deaf children’s mathematical success but logical mathematical reasoning was by far the strongest predictor. When the predictors were entered in the model, none of the control variables predicted significantly deaf children’s mathematical achievement. This study makes several empirical contributions. First, it established age, years in education and types of educational provision as moderators of the extent of deaf children’s delay in mathematics. Second, it determined the plausibility of a causal link between logical-mathematical reasoning, counting ability, working memory and deaf children’s mathematical achievement. The implication is that schools must explicitly plan to improve deaf children’s mathematical reasoning, counting ability and working memory when they are in kindergarten and in the first years of school in order to help the children’s mathematical development.
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Wanli, Hadia. "Matematik i förskolan / Mathematics in Pre-school." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-27789.
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Grunden för utvecklingen av ett barns matematikkunskaper lägger man redan i förskolan. Attarbeta med matematik i förskolan är oerhört viktigt för att förbereda barnen för skolan ochlivet. Under min undersökning kommer jag därför att undersöka på vilket sättmatematiklärande genomförs i förskolan samt hur pedagogerna synliggör matematiken iförskolan. Under min verksamhetsförlagda tid (VFT) upptäckte jag variation i pedagogernasarbetssätt med matematik. Vissa fokuserade mycket på matematik undervardagsverksamheten medan andra knappt var engagerade i att lära barnen matematik.Min undersökning är baserad på intervjuer av sex pedagoger från två olika förskolor.Resultatet av intervjuerna visade att alla pedagoger var överens om att matematiken iförskolan förbereder barnen inför matematiken som kommer framöver i skolan och livet. Devar även överens om att matematiken finns i alla vardagsrutiner. Vissa pedagoger tyckte attman inte behöver planera in matematiken i förskolan på samma sätt som de gör i skolan, denkommer naturligt in i vardagsrutinerna. Däremot var alla pedagoger ense om att pedagogenmåste vara medveten om matematiken för att kunna lyfta fram den. Resultatet visade även attnågra pedagoger synliggör matematiken med hjälp av konkreta material, medan andraanvänder sig av det matematiska språket för att lyfta fram olika matematiska begrepp.
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Broadway, Everly Estes Friel Susan N. "African American achievement in high school mathematics." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2216.
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Thesis (Ed. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009.Title from electronic title page (viewed Jun. 26, 2009). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate of Education in the School of Education." Discipline: Education; Department/School: Education.
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Ucar, Nihan. "Elementary School Teachers'." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12608381/index.pdf.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the views of elementary school teachers about their implementation of assessment techniques recommended in the new mathematics curriculum. The study was conducted with 306 elementary school teachers from 29 public schools in Kirikkale, Malatya and Ankara in the 2006-2007 academic year. &lsquoOpinions about Assessment Questionnaire&rsquo
was used as the instrument for assessing the opinions of the teachers about assessment techniques offered in new mathematics curriculum. The results showed that, teachers did not have negative views towards the implementation of the new assessment techniques in mathematics lessons. However, they needed support from curriculum experts about more suitable implementation of the assessment process. To assess the effects of teaching experience, class size and grade level they teach on the views of the teachers about their implementation of assessment techniques recommended in new mathematics curriculum, the Univariate Analysis of Variance was used. The results revealed that the opinions of the teachers about their implementation of assessment techniques offered in new mathematics curriculum did not show any significant difference according to the experience of the teachers, class size and grade level teachers teach.
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Gustafsson, Anna-Lena, and Sofia Larsson. "Vägen till ett lyckat resultat : hur kan vi minimera antalet elever som lämnar grundskolan utan betyg i matematik." Thesis, University of Skövde, University of Skövde, University of Skövde, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-2766.
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Vi har under året fått larmrapporter om att Sveriges matematikundervisning är undermålig. Enligt Skolverkets statistik får vi också detta bekräftat. Undersökningen avser att ta reda på hur lärare uttrycker sig kring undervisning, elevens självbild och kunskapsbedömning när det gäller att minimera antalet elever som lämnar grundskolan utan betyg i matematik. I denna kvalitativa studie har vi valt att intervjua sex matematiklärare i grundskolans senare år. Med dessa intervjuer vill vi synliggöra tänkbara orsaker till att svenska elever tappar mark när det gäller matematikkunskaper. Vi har valt att fokusera på hur undervisning och kunskapsbedömning ser ut på skolor med högt respektive lågt antal elever som ej uppnått målen för matematik i grundskolan. Vi har dessutom valt att lägga fokus på hur elevens självbild påverkar förmågan att tillägna sig matematikkunskaper. I vårt resultat visar det sig att våra sex respondenter inte skiljer sig anmärkningsvärt i hur de undervisar och kunskapsbedömer sina elever utifrån högt eller lågt antal elever som ej uppnått målen för grundskolan i matematik. Vad vi däremot kan se är att matematiklärarna är kritiska till hur undervisningen fungerar i de tidigare åldrarna. Respondenterna ger också en tydlig bild av att vår samhällsstruktur har förändrats vilket ger dem elever med skiftande social och kulturell bakgrund. Vi har behandlat dessa iakttagelser i vår diskussionsdel där vi med stöd från olika litteratur och styrdokument ger tänkbara orsaker om hur vi kan åtgärda resultatet utifrån frågor som var ansvaret ligger men också påvisa olika faktorers samspel i den komplexa verklighet vår skola befinner sig.
We have during the year received alarming reports concerning the inferior state of the Swedish mathematics teaching. According to the statistics from the Department of Education we also get this confirmed. The survey intends to find out how teachers express themselves about teaching, the pupil's self-image, and judging of knowledge when it comes to minimizing the number of pupil's who leave elementary school without any grades in mathematics. In this qualitative study we have chosen to interview six teachers of mathematics from the later years of the elementary school. With these interviews we would like to make visible possible causes why Swedish pupils are falling behind when it comes to knowledge in mathematics. We have chosen to focus on how teaching and judging of knowledge look like at schools with a high respectively low number of pupils who haven't reached the goals set up for mathematics in elementary school. We have also chosen to focus on how the self-image of the pupil affects the ability to acquire knowledge in mathematics. Our results show that our six respondents do not in a considerable way differ in the way they teach and judge the knowledge from a point of view where a high or low number of pupils that have not reached the goals set for the elementary school is concerned. What we can see on the other hand is that the teachers of mathematics are critical about the way the teaching works in the earlier years. The respondents also provide a clear picture that the structure of our society has changed which gives them pupils of shifting social and cultural background. We have treated these observations in our discussion section where we with support from different literature and steering documents present thinkable causes about how we can take measures from questions concerning where the responsibility lies but also show the interplay between different factors in the complex reality where our school is.
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Wares, Arsalan Jones Graham A. Cottrill James F. "Middle school students' construction of mathematical models." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p3064487.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 2001.Title from title page screen, viewed March 30, 2006. Dissertation Committee: Graham A. Jones, James Cottrill (co-chairs), Linnea Sennott. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 107-111) and abstract. Also available in print.