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Sun, Lianqun. "How High School Records and ACT Scores Predict College Graduation." DigitalCommons@USU, 2017. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6226.
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This thesis is based on the data analysis of a large public university’s admission and graduation records between 2006 and 2014. Probit regressions were applied to analyze the relationship between high school GPA, class rank, ACT scores, and Advanced Placement (AP) test credits, and college graduation. All of the aforementioned variables were found to be significant predictors to college graduation rates. In both controlled and uncontrolled models, class rank had the largest predictive magnitude power to college graduation compared to other variables at the same significance level, followed by high school GPA, ACT scores and AP credits. In reviewing data from ACT component scores, ACT English and ACT Math were the only significant predictors to college graduation. There was heterogeneity for these variables across race, sex and residency, but at different significance levels.
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Margo, Robert A. "Disenfranchisement, school finance, and the economics of segregated schools in the United States South, 1890-1910." New York : Garland, 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/11785265.html.
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Sober, Tamara Leigh. "Wise Choices? The Economics Discourse of a High School Economics and Personal Finance Course." Thesis, Virginia Commonwealth University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10620921.
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Today’s high school students will face a host of economic problems such as the demise of the social safety net, mounting college student debt, and costly health care plans, as stated in the rationale for financial literacy provided by the Council for Economic Education’s National Standards for Financial Literacy. These problems are compounded by growing income and wealth inequality and the widespread influence of neoliberal ideology. Although one of the major goals of economics education is to teach students to make reasoned economic choices in their public and private lives and provide the skills to solve personal and social economic problems, little empirical research has been conducted on how these goals are addressed. Secondary economics education research has primarily focused on measuring students’ grasp of neoclassical economics while a separate body of literature provides theoretical critiques of that approach. This study responds to the gap presented by these separate camps by capturing the economics discourse of a high school economics and personal finance course in relation to the role of economic decision-making in a democracy, and the space to hold values discussions. Using case study methodology that included analysis of student and teacher interviews, classroom observations, the standards and official curriculum, lesson plans, and student-produced documents, the study provides deep, context-dependent knowledge about how the official curriculum is manifest in the classroom.
Findings reveal that the role of economic decision-making and values discussions were given very little space. The discourse was heavily focused on the acceptance of the science and mastery of technical knowledge about personal finance for the dual purposes of preparing students to succeed on the W!SE Financial Literacy Certification Test and preparing students to navigate and succeed in a fixed economic reality firmly committed to neoclassical economics. The role of economic decision-making was diminished by the foregrounding of financial literacy over economics, which served as a mechanism of power to send the silent message that economic circumstances (such as wealth inequality) change through individual choices and that economic and social phenomena can be understood and addressed through the application of technical approaches.
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Sober, Tamara L. "Wise Choices? The Economics Discourse of a High School Economics and Personal Finance Course." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5033.
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Today’s high school students will face a host of economic problems such as the demise of the social safety net, mounting college student debt, and costly health care plans, as stated in the rationale for financial literacy provided by the Council for Economic Education’s National Standards for Financial Literacy. These problems are compounded by growing income and wealth inequality and the widespread influence of neoliberal ideology. Although one of the major goals of economics education is to teach students to make reasoned economic choices in their public and private lives and provide the skills to solve personal and social economic problems, little empirical research has been conducted on how these goals are addressed. Secondary economics education research has primarily focused on measuring students’ grasp of neoclassical economics while a separate body of literature provides theoretical critiques of that approach. This study responds to the gap presented by these separate camps by capturing the economics discourse of a high school economics and personal finance course in relation to the role of economic decision-making in a democracy, and the space to hold values discussions. Using case study methodology that included analysis of student and teacher interviews, classroom observations, the standards and official curriculum, lesson plans, and student-produced documents, the study provides deep, context-dependent knowledge about how the official curriculum is manifest in the classroom.
Findings reveal that the role of economic decision-making and values discussions were given very little space. The discourse was heavily focused on the acceptance of the science and mastery of technical knowledge about personal finance for the dual purposes of preparing students to succeed on the W!SE Financial Literacy Certification Test and preparing students to navigate and succeed in a fixed economic reality firmly committed to neoclassical economics. The role of economic decision-making was diminished by the foregrounding of financial literacy over economics, which served as a mechanism of power to send the silent message that economic circumstances (such as wealth inequality) change through individual choices and that economic and social phenomena can be understood and addressed through the application of technical approaches.
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Peters, Dennis L. "The Tennessee School Board Chairperson's Perception of School Accountability." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1992. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2764.
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The purpose of this study was to obtain and analyze information about the perceptions of local school board chairpersons in Tennessee toward school accountability. A questionnaire was designed to gather information from all school board chairpersons in the state of Tennessee. The questionnaire contained 32 attitudinal statements related to school accountability and 11 demographic questions about the chairpersons and the system they represent. The mean score, frequency, and percentage of the responses were computed and analyzed. The Kruskal-Wallis one-was ANOVA was computed to determine if significant differences existed in the mean score of the 32 attitudinal statements based on the 9 demographics which contained more than two subgroups. When only two subgroups were available in the demographics, or the Kruskal-Wallis identified that a significant difference did exist among the subgroups, the Mann-Whitney U - Wilcoxon Rank Sum W Test were computed. The Mann-Whitney U Test identified the differences and pinpointed the subgroups that did have significant differences. Findings derived from school board chairpersons' responses to the questionnaire: (1) Parents are responsible (99.1%) for getting children to attend school. (2) Schools should be equally funded (98.2%) before a school accountability program is implemented. (3) More research on value-added testing needs to be completed before teachers and principals are held accountable by test results. (4) Programs to improve attendance (86.7%) and graduation rates (85.7%) need to be implemented for all school systems. (5) School board chairpersons need more education concerning site-based management and how it relates to accountability.
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Corrigan, Bret. "Public School Finance and its Effect on the Quality of Education." Thesis, Boston College, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/544.
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Thesis advisor: Richard A. McGowanThis paper examines the discrepancies in the finance of public education across the United States in order to determine how particular funding schemes affect the quality and efficiency of education. Local governments have been the principal provider of funds for education in the past, but debate over equitable schooling for all students has led to several changes in the structure of education finance. In order to construct an encompassing measure of educational quality, a model based on Morgan and Morgan (2006) is used to assign each state a quality rating. Regression analysis helps establish the effect of various monetary variables on educational quality. There are clear patterns in the data which suggest that both the total amount of funds provided and the proportion of funds provided by each level of the government influence the quality of education. In addition, personal income and the percent of the population living below the poverty line prove to be key determinants of educational quality. It is my hope that this paper contributes to the work on the finance of public education and the work that aims to improve the quality of education in the United States
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2008
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Economics
Discipline: College Honors Program
Discipline: Economics Honors Program
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Dalehite, Ballard Esteban Gilberto. "School finance and local incentives are property tax abatements effective and do they influence the distribution of the tax base across school districts? /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3167271.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, School of Public and Environmental Affairs, 2005.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Dec. 3, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-03, Section: A, page: 1086. Chair: John L. Mikesell.
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Mitra, Romita. "Exploring Differences in School Quality Assurance Measures at Public, Private, and Public-Private Partnership Schools Using PISA Data:." Thesis, Boston College, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:109065.
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Thesis advisor: Zhushan LiEducational public private partnerships (PPP), referring to the shared delivery of education services by the government and private providers, have been increasing in recent decades, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Yet to date, there has been limited research on their role in the education landscape, in part due to the difficulty of classifying PPP schools in large-scale datasets, which typically classify schools as either public or private. In addition, few studies have assessed PPPs and school quality assurance indicators typically associated with them. The study had two purposes. First, to explore the possibility of classifying PPP schools in a large-scale dataset using a statistical method. And second, to use these classifications to examine the differences between PPP, public, and private schools on school quality assurance measures, including but not limited to achievement. These analyses were performed using data from the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA), with schools from six of the global emerging economy countries: Brazil, China, Indonesia, Mexico, Russia and Turkey. Schools were classified using a two-step clustering method using funding and management variables. This revealed three good-quality clusters with a silhouette measure of cohesion and separation of 0.6 (IBM, 2015b; Wendler & Gröttrup, 2016). These were classified as public, private, and PPP based on the characteristics of each school type. With these classifications, the study assessed the relationship between school type and achievement in mathematics, science and reading, and 24 school quality assurance measures from PISA. The analyses controlled for school resources and socio-economic and cultural status. The study found that overall, PPP schools performed better than public schools on three indicators, and better than private schools on five indicators; public schools performed better than PPP schools on one outcome and better than private schools on three outcomes, although with mostly small effect sizes. Private schools did not outperform other school types on any outcome. A country wise analysis showed that these results differed by country. The study highlights the possibility of using two-step clustering to identify PPP schools, the effects of shared funding and management on school performance, and the importance of context in examining countries’ education policies
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2021
Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education
Discipline: Educational Research, Measurement and Evaluation
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Vernimb, Peter Jon. "Superintendent and School Board Relationships: Applying Leadership Strategies to Maintain Quality Public Schools During an Economic Recession." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71694.
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This study describes the strategies that were employed by the Frederick County Public Schools Superintendent and the School Board to maintain instructional programming while assuring continued support for schools by the local governing body during the economic recession of 2007-2009. Despite reductions in state appropriations beginning in 2008 and continuing through 2011, division leaders worked closely with the county Board of Supervisors to support public schools and local governmental services, even as the local economy faltered. While other local governments annually reduced appropriations to schools, effort by the Frederick County School Board and its administrative leadership to foster a positive relationship with the Board of Supervisors led to only one operating fund reduction in fiscal year 2010, as the schools' share of the projected local revenue shortfall. This study describes those actions that promoted and improved trust between the School Board and the Board of Supervisors. This study addresses the following research questions:
1. What political and relationship factors contributed to maintaining level local funding in fiscal year 2010 and beyond by the local Board of Supervisors?
2. What strategies were employed by the School Board and division leadership to reduce operating expenditures and maintain quality education programs for all students?
3. How did State Fiscal Stabilization Funds provided under the American Reinvestment and Recovery Act influence decision making for fiscal year 2010?
Some of the actions taken by the School Board and the Board of Supervisors may be representative of those steps taken to address revenue shortfalls by other Virginia local governments. However, each community has had unique financial challenges to overcome. Not all actions described will be generalizable to other communities. As economic uncertainty continues at the time of this study, the findings may foreshadow how public education will be supported in the future.Ed. D.
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Rohlfs, Chris. "The US School Breakfast Program: short- and long-term academic effects." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1354888364.
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Hollinger, Michelle Lynn. "The Fungibility of Sin Taxes: An Economic Analysis of the Effect on Our K-12 Public School System." Malone University Undergraduate Honors Program / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ma1431083284.
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Payne, Kenneth L. "Financing instructional materials in Indiana public school corporations." Virtual Press, 1987. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/505144.
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The purpose of the study was to analyze current procedures utilized for financing textbooks and related instructional materials by Indiana public school corporations and public school corporations in selected states. Respective practices were examined in order to determine feasible methods/alternatives for Indiana school corporations to use in overcoming the contemporary financial and administrative dilemma which existed in the 1985-86 school year.A descriptive questionnaire was developed from a review of literature and with the assistance of colleagues. Data obtained by the instrument were analyzed using frequency tabulations and percentages. Based on information gained from the study and data collected in superintendents in Indiana, solutions to financing instructional materials for Indiana school corporations were determined.Data collected supported the following conclusions: 1. Public school corporations in Indiana charge fees for textbooks and related instructional materials and are experiencing difficulties in collecting textbook rental and related fees from parents or guardians of school children.2. The use of small claims court for recovering fees is not an effective method for most public school corporations in Indiana.3. Township trustees and/or county councils should pay for textbooks and instructional materials of students whose parents or guardians are declared by the courts to be indigent.4. The current formula for determining textbook rental rates is satisfactory.5. Legislation should be adopted to permit public school corporations to increase revenue in order to finance textbooks and related instructional materials.6. To be in concert with other states in the United States and more specifically within the Great Lakes Region, public school students should be supplied textbooks and related instructional materials without charge.7. The location and size of school corporations have implications to problems existing in public school corporations when administering textbook rental programs.8. Lack of additional finance has restricted public school corporations in implementing new programs to be funded by the general fund budget.9. Based on the average rankings of ten regions, public school corporations in Regions I, II, and VI encountered the greatest difficulty in financing textbooks and related instructional materials. Public school corporations have the least problems in supplying textbooks to school students.10. Based on the average rankings of six enrollment groups, public school corporations in the smallest three groups had the greatest success in financing textbooks and related instructional materials for students.11. Additional costs for school corporations are incurred when interest is paid to publishers for overdue accounts or for installment payment programs.12. School corporations with deficit balances or significantly decreasing balances in textbook rental accounts are in. need of assistance in collecting outstanding fees from constituents and/or means of generating sufficient revenue to account for required textbooks and related instructional materials for students.
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Hamburg, Maryanna P. "Financial Mathematical Tasks in a Middle School Mathematics Textbook Series: A Content Analysis." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1258164585.
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Löfdahl, Charlotte, and Lina Olsson. "Vilka faktorer påverkar konkurrensförhållandet mellan en kommunal och en fristående gymnasieskola : en jämförelse av gymnasieskolornas ekonomistyrning och verksamhetsstyrning." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för Hälsa och Samhälle, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-8227.
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When the independent upper secondary schools were started in 1992, it meant a change in the competitive relationship for the local upper secondary schools. A reduced number of students during some years ahead, while the number of independent upper secondary schools increase will probably result in tougher competition between upper secondary schools. The purpose of this study is to review and compare financial and performance management between a public and an independent upper secondary school. The dissertation will focus on the now existing competitive relationship between the two types of upper secondary schools. The theory underlying the study is Porter's model - five competitive forces. The model is applied to the local upper secondary school and used to identify competitive factors affecting upper secondary schools. The study is using a qualitative approach with five interviews at two upper secondary schools, one independent and one public, located in the same town. The comparison of financial and operational management of upper secondary schools indicate that the differences are not as great as we first imagined, but that there still are some differences. Our results show that Porter's model is not adequate to describe the competitive factors affecting upper secondary schools. The results of the factors that in addition to Porter's original model affects the competitive relationship is presented in a separate model and includes factors such as public upper secondary schools, free search, advertising / bait, programming, re-election, reputation, internal competition, independent upper secondary schools, location, teacher quality, peer pressure, number of pupils and students. It is therefore concluded that Porter's model is not comprehensive enough to be able to describe and analyze the two cases included in this study. Keywords: performance management, private school, public school, finance, competitionNär de fristående gymnasieskolorna 1992 startades innebar det en förändring i konkurrensförhållandet med de kommunala gymnasieskolorna. Ett minskat elevantal i några år framöver samt att de fristående gymnasieskolorna blir fler kommer leda till en hårdare konkurrens mellan gymnasieskolorna. Syftet med uppsatsen är att granska och jämföra ekonomi- och verksamhetsstyrning mellan en kommunal och en fristående gymnasieskola. Uppsatsen riktar sig mot det numera rådande konkurrensförhållandet mellan kommunala och fristående gymnasieskolor. Teorin som ligger till grund för uppsatsen är Porters modell - branschkonkurrensens drivkrafter. Modellen appliceras på den kommunala gymnasieskolan och används för att urskilja konkurrensfaktorer som påverkar gymnasieskolorna. Uppsatsen bygger på en kvalitativ ansats med fem intervjutillfällen på två gymnasieskolor, en fristående och en kommunal belägna i samma kommun. Jämförelsen av ekonomi- och verksamhetsstyrningen på gymnasieskolorna tyder på att skillnaderna inte är så stora som vi föreställt oss, men att det ändå förekommer skillnader. Resultaten visar att Porters modell inte är tillräcklig för att beskriva de konkurrensfaktorer som påverkar gymnasieskolorna. Resultaten av de faktorer som utöver Porters originalmodell påverkar konkurrensförhållandet presenteras i en egen modell och inkluderar faktorer som kommunala gymnasieskolor, fritt sök, marknadsföring/lockbete, programutbud, omval, rykte, intern konkurrens, fristående gymnasieskolor, geografiskt läge, lärare, kvalitet, grupptryck, elevantal och studenter. Slutsatsen är därför att då Porters modell inte är heltäckande går den inte att applicera på Väggaskolan och John Bauer som en konkurrensmodell. De faktorer som vi framarbetat kan ligga till grund för gymnasieskolornas arbete för att bemöta konkurrensen på bästa sätt. Keywords: performance management, private school, public school, finance, competition
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Russ, Zelma. "The Val Verde financial crisis." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1117.
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Collins, David D. "Funding of Higher Education in Tennessee: A Qualitative Study of the Perceptions of State Legislators and Higher Education Leaders." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1996. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2897.
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The purpose of this study was to identify issues that are considered important to the legislators and higher education leaders of Tennessee in making decisions that affect the funding of higher education. A further purpose was to identify actions that such individuals believe should be taken by higher education leaders to ensure that higher education is accountable and worthy of continued or increased financial support. Using a qualitative research design, interviews were held with 10 legislators and 6 higher education leaders selected in accordance with the concept of purposeful sampling. Legislative participants included five members from the Senate and five members from the House of Representatives. All participants served on either the Education Committee or Finance Ways and Means Committee within their chamber. Higher education leaders consisted of a university president, the President of the University of Tennessee System, Chancellor of the Tennessee Board of Regents, Executive Director of the Tennessee Higher Education Commission, Comptroller of the Treasury, and a member of the University of Tennessee Board of Trustees. Issues identified from the interviews were reduced to eight categories: (a) issues affecting higher education and (b) findings regarding the accountability of higher education. The issues category was divided into eight categories: (a) financial issues that was further subdivided into funding issues, accountability issues, capital expenditures, taxes, fees, and other general financial issues; (b) administrative structure and costs; (c) quality outcomes; (d) faculty issues; (e) technology; (f) program duplication; (g) relationship to K-12 education; and (h) other general issues. Issues that emerged related to accountability included the measurement of educational outcomes and the communication of those results to legislators and the public. Based on the findings of this study, three recommendations are offered: (1) a committee consisting of appropriate representatives should be established to study the issue of accountability and determine appropriate measurements that will provide relevant information; (2) leaders in higher education should make a concerted effort to improve communication with legislators and their staffs; and (3) those in higher education must improve their communication with the public.
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Adams, Edward R. "The effects of cost, income, and socio-economic variables on student scholastic aptitude scores." Virtual Press, 1994. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/917821.
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The purpose of the study was to determine at the school district level, what relationships exist, if any, between Indiana school corporation SAT mean scores (a limited output measure of student achievement and aptitude) and six intervening input variables: (1) operating expenditures per pupil, (2) instructional expenditures per pupil, (3) per capita income, (4) corporation enrollment size, (5) degree of population density, and (6) at-risk index characteristics.The study provided a review of the research and related literature on relationships between high school SAT scores, public school expenditures and other intervening input variables. The study addressed questions about relationships and effects of expenditures and other input variables upon SAT scores. The need to examine individual district variation in SAT performance was motivated by the influence comparisons of SAT scores have on public perception of education and the resultant impact on state and local education policy.A principal goal of the study was to add to the understanding of the relationships between public expenditures directed to education, specific demographic and compositional student characteristics, and education performance as measured in SAT mean scores.The study incorporated Pearson product moment correlations and stepwise multiple regression procedures to determine the existence of variation in outputs accounted for by variation in the specific inputs. Initially a Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to test each of the six null hypotheses. Statistical significance was sought in each instance at the .01 level. Stepwise multiple regressions were then used to examine the SAT output relationships with compounded variables.The following conclusions were drawn from the findings and the summary tables reported in the study: 1. Low per capita income is associated with a decline in SAT scores and higher per capita income to associate with higher SAT scores.2. Increased performance on the SAT is not dependent upon the amount spent in total General Fund expenditures per pupil, however, an increased amount spent on instruction tends to raise SAT scores.3. A high at-risk index presence is associated with lower SAT scores whereas a low at-risk index tends to be associated with higher SAT scores.4. Urban density does not effect SAT scores in a statistically significant manner.5. The size of the school corporation has no relationship to SAT scores.Overall total General Fund expenditures were not shown to significantly affect SAT scores, although such costs were not shown to be detrimental in the multiple regression analysis. More importantly, instructional expenditures per student were demonstrated to be one of three significant factors affecting higher SAT scores. The other significant variables were poverty and high at-risk factors, which were shown to be associated with lower SAT score levels.The data and the study strongly suggest that, if school authorities, legislatures, private business and parents continue to use the SAT scores as a prime barometer and target for educational success, we should immediately begin to compensate dramatically for the atrisk and per capita income deficits in individual students and impacted schools, and maximize financial resources into proven classroom instructional strategies. If the public wishes to narrow the gap in SAT scores, then policy makers need to examine the educational-environmental liabilities of low income, single parent home, and the appropriate level of instructional cost which will generate acceptable SAT results.Department of Educational Leadership
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Irvin, Jay. "Per Pupil Expenditure, Graduation Rates, and ACT Scores in Tennessee School Districts." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3306.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate and identify possible relationships between academic achievement, as measured by high school graduation rate and ACT composite scores of individual school districts within the state of Tennessee, and the per-pupil expenditure of each district. Research was conducted to determine whether a significant difference existed in academic achievement measures (high school graduation rate, ACT composite score) among school districts in the state of Tennessee that were classified as above average, average, and below average in relation to their per-pupil expenditure (PPE) in the 2013-2014, 2014-2015, and 2015-16 school years.
Ex post facto data were collected from the Tennessee Department of Education website. All pertinent school district information reported appeared on the Tennessee State Report Card website. This publicly reported and available data were collected by accessing the Tennessee State Report Card website. The researcher recorded data related to each school district that reported data in all three of the following categories: per-pupil expenditure, graduation rates, and ACT composite scores.
This study examined the relationship of graduation rates to per-pupil expenditure in the 2013-2014, 2014-2015, and 2015-2016 school years. The results indicated that the high school graduation rates during the 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 school year were not significantly affected by per-pupil expenditure. However, significance was found regarding high school graduation rates in the 2015-2016 school year (p =.016). There was a significant difference in the means between the bottom-third (93.537%) and the top-third (90.422%) of per-pupil expenditure levels during the 2015-2016 school year, with the top-third having significantly higher graduation rates.
This study also examined the relationship of ACT composite score to per-pupil expenditures in the 2013-2014, 2014-2015, and 2015-2016 school years. The results for all of the research questions indicated that the ACT composite score during all years was not significantly affected by per-pupil expenditure.
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Seay, Sandra E. "The Relationship of Presidential Leadership Style and the Financial Health of Private, Nonproprietary Institutions of Higher Learning." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1989. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2790.
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The primary purpose of this study was to determine if a relationship existed between the financial health of academic institutions and the leadership style of college and university presidents. Financial health was defined as the ability of an institution to pay its current debts. Secondly, the study tested a number of hypotheses derived from the contingency model of leadership effectiveness. Lastly, the study attempted to determine if there was an association between two lists of institutions considered to be led by effective presidents. The study involved a stratified random sample of 263 private institutions accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS). Data analysis for seven of the eight null hypotheses posed was based upon the scored responses from 77 presidents and financial data from 53 of their associated institutions. Financial data from 199 institutions was used to test the remaining hypothesis. The data were analyzed by means of the Jaspen's M correlational technique, one-way analysis of variance, directional t tests for independent data, and a point-biserial correlation. From the data analysis, it was determined that a significant association did not exist between financial health and leadership style and financial health and institutional degree granting status. The scored data failed to support, as well, the major tenets of the contingency model. In addition, a significant association was not established between institutions led by presidents with reputations for effective leadership and institutions led by presidents who were considered effective by the terms of this study. The data analysis did establish that the majority of the responding presidents were task-oriented leaders operating in high control situations and that institutions which offered the bachelor's degree as their highest degree awarded were those most frequently found in the good financial health category while those which offered the master's degree as their highest degree awarded were those most frequently found in the poor financial health category.
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Harris, Pakethia. "Money Matters: An Examination of Special Education Characteristics in Efficient and Inefficient Texas School Districts." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7515.
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This study veers from the traditional perspective of examining school efficiency or productivity as a cost minimizing process, in which educational inputs are minimized to achieve maximum outputs (student performance). Instead, it provides a critical examination of the dominant, cost minimizing assumption associated with efficiency models and suggest schools instead behave similarly to budget maximizers as presented in Niskanen’s (1971) seminal budget maximizing framework. The study examines the relationship between total student expenditures and subsequent student outcomes, establishing the relative efficiency of Texas school districts using stochastic frontier analysis within a budget-maximizing framework. Additionally, the study investigates how special education populations are structured within those districts deemed efficient or inefficient.
The results of the study concluded that district efficient type did not result in different educational outcomes for students with disabilities. While analysis revealed that inefficient districts spend almost twice as much as efficient districts, no other significant differences were identified among districts type based on the percentage of students receiving special education or student performance. This study contributes to the growing need to identify more appropriate estimation techniques for measuring school productivity and how students with special needs should be included in the education productivity conversation.
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Schöner, Manuela Maria [Verfasser]. "Essays on Economic Questions in the Healthcare and Energy Sector / Manuela Maria Schöner ; Frankfurt School of Finance & Management gGmbH." Frankfurt am Main : Frankfurt School of Finance & Management gGmbH, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1196655987/34.
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Hurley, Charles A. "Capital Maintenance Funding of Two-year Colleges in the Tennessee Board of Regents System and Selected Funding Models." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1993. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2737.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the differences between selected state capital maintenance models and the model used in Tennessee. Research questions addressed the differences between the other selected models and the Tennessee model; the quantitative results of the models using data collected from the 14 Tennessee public two-year colleges, and the policy issue differences of the selected models. Research involved gathering information for each specific selected model including common factors used to calculate capital maintenance needs. Comparisons were made of the major components of each model. Actual data from the 14 Tennessee public two-year colleges was incorporated into each model. The quantitative results were then compared. Research also revealed policy issue differences between the selected models. These differences were examined. Results of this study included suggestions for enhancements to the Tennessee model which would provide more equitable funding of capital maintenance needs for each institution. Other suggestions and conclusions included the development of specific training and guidelines for the proper completion of model calculations. It was also suggested that an awareness campaign be initiated to strengthen the funding authority's commitment to the capital maintenance problem.
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Templeton, Joshua J. "Three essays on taxation and land use change." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1101850043.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 160 p.; also includes graphics Includes bibliographical references (p. 150-160).
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Longshore, Renee Michelle. "The rhetoric of state assessment: Educational politics in the public school system." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2721.
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In this thesis I explore the rhetoric behind the assessment push nation-wide and, particularly, in California. I take a close look at what politicians, educators, and citizens say about public education and their views of the current educational reform: whether they are speaking in support of or opposition to the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. I look specifically at the finances of public education in California, the impact and current outcome of NCLB, and propose new reforms as suggested by those intimately involved in education.
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Daberkow, Kevin S. "Financing Ohio’s Public Schools through the Ohio Lottery: Quantitative and Qualitative Dimensions of the Lottery’s Tax Incidence." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1335201752.
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Boriraj, Jumpoth. "Analysing and modelling international trade patterns of the Australian wine industry in the world wine market." Thesis, full-text, 2008. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/2037/.
Full textAbstract:
Since the mid-1980s, trade liberalisation has encouraged the growth of Australia’s international trade. The Australian wine industry has been successful in the world wine market, achieving a significant growth in production and export sales since the 1990s. In this context, this thesis attempts to provide a comprehensive analysis of the patterns and determinants of Australia’s international trade in wines for the period 1980-2004. The general aim of this thesis is to analyse the Australian wine industry based on the economic theories of inter-industry trade and intra-industry trade and to model wine export and import relationships.
Indicators of Australia’s trade performance in wines in terms of trade specialisation index, export propensity, import penetration, and the ratio of exports to imports indicate that Australia has become a net-exporter and has experienced a specialisation in wine trade since 1987. This signifies a high degree of international trade competitiveness in Australia’s wines. The results of Balassa’s revealed comparative advantage index and Vollrath’s revealed competitive advantage indexes suggest that, among the wine producing countries, Australia has a comparative advantage and competitive advantage in wines. The significant year was 1987 when Australia first experienced comparative and competitive advantage. The important explanation for this turning point is Australia’s trade liberalisation policy in the mid-1980s.
Based on econometric concepts of unit root and cointegration, the unrestricted error correction model is applied to analyse the determinants of Australia’s wine exports and imports separately in the models of export supply, export demand, and import demand. The results suggest that the relative price of wine exports and the long-run production capacity have had a positive influence on the supply of wine exports. However, Australia’s wine exports are not very responsive to changes in export price. Although the trade liberalisation shows a positive impact on the supply of wine exports, it is not statistically significant. Foreign demand for Australia’s wine exports has had a significant negative response to changes in the relative price of exports and a significant positive response to the depreciation of the Australian dollar in both the short run and long run. A low value of the price elasticity of foreign demand may reveal that Australia has some market power in relation to its exports of differentiated or unique wines to the world market. The demand for wine imports by Australia is inelastic with respect to the relative price of wine imports but more elastic to Australia’s income.
The standard Grubel-Lloyd index is used to examine the extent of intra-industry trade of Australia and major world-wine trading countries. The index is also applied to Australia’s bilateral intra-industry trade in wines with its major trading countries. To measure the growth of intra-industry trade for Australia’s wines, the concept of marginal intra-industry trade is applied, together with Menon-Dixon’s approach. The results indicate that the world wine industry is more likely to be characterised by inter-industry trade which is based on the significance of comparative advantage and factor endowments rather than intra-industry trade. Australia has a relatively small intra-industry trade in wines. This is due to the fact that the values of Australia’s wine exports are very much higher than those of its imports. The extent of bilateral intra-industry trade in wines between Australia and its major trading partners is also small. However, the levels of bilateral intra-industry trade between Australia and New Zealand are relatively high. The growth of intra-industry trade in wines between Australia and most of the major wine-producing countries is due to the contributions of export growth to the growth in intra-industry trade, which imply that Australia is a net importer of wines from these countries. On the other hand, the percentage growth of intra-industry trade in wines between Australia and Germany, the U.S., the U.K., New Zealand, Canada, and Japan is due to the contributions of import growth to the growth in intra-industry trade, which imply that Australia is a net exporter of wines to these countries.
The extent of Australia’s intra-industry trade with the rest of the world will be higher when the industry gains more scale economies. Contrary to the theoretical suggestions, product differentiations, degree of trade openness, and exchange rate have had negative relationships with Australia’s intra-industry trade in wines. With regard to Australia’s bilateral intra-industry trade with its nine major wine trading partners (France, Italy, Spain, Germany, the U.S., South Africa, New Zealand, the U.K. and Japan), the intensity of intra-industry trade in wines is statistically and positively related to the ratio of capital to labour, trade openness, common culture, and the regional trade arrangements.
The policy implications of the analysis of the determinants of Australia’s intra-industry trade in wines are that the government policy should be oriented towards increases in the production capacity of the Australian wine industry in order to achieve higher economies of scale. In addition, the Australian government should promote regional economic integration and trade liberalisation involving wine trade between close and economically similar economies.
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Nelson, Laura. "Life and Debt for ETSU Graduate Students." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2140.
Full textAbstract:
Through in-depth interviews with 21 participants, this thesis investigates how graduate students at East Tennessee State University feel about their finances. Although all adults, by necessity, have everyday money concerns, this study explores the unique experiences that post-baccalaureate students have with debt, how they talk about it, and what meanings they attach to student loans in their daily lives. This study is novel in that little research to date has examined how graduate students' perceptions of adulthood are connected to their financial situations and their stage in life. For example, saving money is important to this population mainly because it signifies the achievement of adulthood. Debt, on the other hand, signifies dependence and questionable adult status. Although graduate students' future incomes will vary, they share similar strategies for managing the stigma of debt.
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Lan, Lan. "Chinese students' UK experiences: the expectactions, perceptions and satisfaction: a case study of master's students in finance and accounting in the London School of Economics and London South Bank University." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/8947.
Full textAbstract:
Mestrado em Ensino Superior (Erasmus Mundus)Nos últimos anos, o Reino Unido foi considerado, pelos estudantes chineses, um dos locais mais desejados para prosseguir com a sua educação superior. Todavia a sua posição dominante está a ser ameaçada. As experiências dos estudantes chineses que estudam no Reino Unido não são suficientemente investigadas, mas é mais do que necessário este tipo de investigação. Este estudo pretende a exploração de dois temas: Em primeiro lugar, as expectativas dos estudantes antes da sua ida para o Reino Unido para prosseguir os seus estudos, as suas percepções posteriormente e o seu nível de satisfação aquando da sua conclusão. Foram usados os termos empresariais de expectativa, percepção e satisfação. Os entrevistados foram abordados na London School of Economics e London South Bank University respectivamente. E tiveram lugar entrevistas semi-estruturadas. O conteúdo das entrevistas cobre tanto o âmbito das experiências académicas como da sua vida quotidiana. Segundo, analisa-se de que forma o ranking da universidade faz diferença no nível de expectativa, percepção ou satisfação dos alunos. Os resultados da investigação mostram que existem mais aspectos com os quais os alunos estão satisfeitos do que com aqueles com que não estão.. O ranking da universidade não parece ter influência vital no nível de satisfação dos estudantes. Os resultados da investigação não é são generalizáveis a todos os estudantes chineses do Reino Unido, mas serve como uma luz que indica que o caminho da investigação específica regional sobre estudantes estrangeiros tem valor.
In the past couple of years, the UK has been considered one of the most desirable places for Chinese students to pursue their higher education. However, its dominating position has been threatened recently. The experiences of Chinese students studying in the UK are under-researched, but more than necessary to be researched into. This study aims at exploring two themes. First, students’ expectations prior to their study in the UK and their perceptions and resultant satisfaction level afterwards. The business terms of expectation, perception and satisfaction were used. The research respondents were found from London School of Economics and London South Bank University respectively, and semi-structured interviews were carried out. The content of interview covers both their daily life experiences and their academic experiences. Second, how the ranking of a university make a difference in students’ expectations, perceptions and satisfaction level is explored. The findings show that there are more aspects students are satisfied with than not. The rank of a university does not have a vital influence in students’ satisfaction level. The research finding is not generalizable to all Chinese students in the UK, but it serves as a road sign indicating that the path of researching into regionalspecific overseas students is worthwhile.
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Morris, Juanita Michelle Reed Hines Edward R. "Trends and relationships in student enrollment, state support, economic recessions, and student aid in higher education 1976-2003 /." Normal, Ill. : Illinois State University, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1390280881&SrchMode=1&sid=2&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1203094108&clientId=43838.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 2007.Title from title page screen, viewed on February 15, 2008. Dissertation Committee: Edward R. Hines (chair), Patricia H. Klass, Ross A. Hodel, W. Paul Vogt. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 196-203) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Glenda, Toneff-Cotner E. "Transformation or Tragedy?A Retrospective Phenomenological Study of School Closure." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1433316650.
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31
Jordan, Charles J. "An Analysis of Functional Budget and Expenditure Patterns and Revenue Sources of Tennessee's Public Community Colleges from 1988--1989 Through 1997--1998." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1999. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2928.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to determine how public two-year colleges in Tennessee internally budgeted and expended their unrestricted educational and general (E&G) funds from fiscal years 1988-89 through 1997-98. The primary focus was on the 14 Tennessee Board of Regents (TBR) community colleges and the internal allocation of expenditures by function from 1988-89 through 1997-98. A limited functional expenditure comparison was made with data from the National Association of College and University Business Officers' (NACUBO) comparative financial analysis for fiscal years 1993-94 and 1994-95 as well as with the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) survey for the 1996-97 fiscal year. The study examined whether the TBR community colleges were apportioning a larger percentage of their budgets for direct instruction and less for administrative support services in 1997-98 versus 1988-89. The analysis also examined staffing patterns relative to FTE enrollment, changes in revenue patterns for the four major sources of unrestricted E&G funds, and tuition increases. A portion of the analysis included comparisons between current and constant dollars to measure the real gain or loss in financial resources after allowing for inflation as measured by the Consumer Price Index (CPI). A primary research question underlying this study sought to determine if the public two-year colleges in Tennessee were operating more efficiently at the end of the research period regarding the internal allocation of budgeted funds. It was assumed that efficiency could be measured in terms of an increase in the percentage allocation of funds to direct instruction and a decrease in the percentage allocated to institutional support for general administration. In spite of a reduction in the share of state appropriations provided to higher education during the past decade, the TBR community colleges apportioned a larger percentage of their budgets for instructional cost in 1997-98 than in 1988-89. Conversely, these colleges expended a smaller portion of their budgets for administration at the end of the ten-year period. In conclusion to this study, recommendations are made to more effectively inform public policymakers and the general public as to the efficiency of Tennessee's public community colleges regarding the allocation of financial resources. Comparisons with national and Southern Regional Education Board data are also desirable. Public policymakers are encouraged to more critically examine the long-range benefits of an educated population and the forecast for technical skills required of the workforce in the 21st century.
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Brewer, David R. (David Ray). "The Economic Effects of the Tax Relief Amendment of 1978 and Subsequent Finance Legislation on the Public School Districts of Texas with an Average Daily Attendance of 500 Pupils or Less." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1985. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331518/.
Full textAbstract:
The primary purpose of the study was to determine if the funding and revenue conditions which existed prior to the passage of the Tax Relief Amendment of 1978 continued after the enactment of public school finance legislation by the Sixty-Sixth and Sixty-Seventh Texas Legislatures. Analyses of four research questions were used to accomplish the purpose of the study.
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Jackson, Rosemary Y. "Comparison of State Appropriations by Function and by Program to Actual Expenditures for the Two-year Institutions in the Tennessee Board of Regents System." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1999. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2926.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was twofold. The first purpose was to determine the extent to which the 14 two-year institutions of the Tennessee Board of Regents system expended funds in functional categories equal to the amount of funds provided by the appropriations funding formula for the same functional categories. The second purpose was to determine the extent to which the 14 two-year institutions expended funds for direct instructional purposes for each academic program equal to the amount of funds provided by the appropriations funding formula for direct teaching purposes for each academic program. Using an archival research design, appropriations funding data and actual expenditure data were collected for the period 1990-91 through 1996-97 relative to the first purpose. Data for only the years 1995-96 and 1996-97 were used for the second purpose. For each of the two purposes studied, the data were adjusted to reflect comparable funding and expenditure data. The final evaluation involved a comparison of the percentage of funding expended by function and by college for the first purpose and the percentage of funding expended by academic program and by college for the second purpose. The evaluation of the percentage of funding expended by function revealed that most colleges and the system as a whole expended approximately 90% or more of the funding for the function for which funds were allocated by the appropriations formula. This level was determined to be positive, because some funding is typically set aside for transfers to plant funds for renewals and replacements. The evaluation of the percentage of funding expended for direct teaching purposes revealed that most colleges and the system as a whole expended approximately 60% or less of the funding for direct teaching purposes. This is permissible according to the policies of the TBR and THEC. The funding formula for direct teaching is based on enrollment and an average full-time faculty salary amount. However, most colleges use part-time faculty to teach a portion of its student-credit-hours; thus, excess funds accrue from this area and are available for use in other areas. Based on the findings of this study, two recommendations are offered. A review of the funding formula with regards to potentially needed modifications is recommended for the specific functions in which either substantially more or less than 100.0% of the funding was expended. Additionally, a formal analysis of the proportion of student-credit-hour enrollment taught by part-time faculty should be made to assist in determining if the funding formula calculation for direct teaching activities should include an element for the proportion of student-credit-hours taught by part-time faculty.
34
Peng, Tzu-Chin Martina. "Evaluating mandated personal finance education in high schools." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1199290276.
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Ullrich, Laura D. "School Finance Reform: Responses, Equity and Outcomes." 2008. http://etd.utk.edu/2008/UllrichLaura.pdf.
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Choi, Jinsub. "Essays on the Economic Effect of School Finance Policies." 2017. http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/econ_diss/129.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation consists of three chapters empirically analyzing how households and state-local governments respond to economic incentives created by school finance policies.
The first chapter analyzes what effect school capital investments have on housing values and household location choice. If the benefit of school capital investments outweighs the potential increase in local taxes, it would create an incentive for households to move into communities with school capital investments so that school capital investments may increase housing values in the context of the Tiebout model. My research identifies an exogenous variation in school capital investments by exploiting the lottery allocation of entitlement to an interest-free construction bond among districts in California. Although the lottery is exogenous, additional non-lottery allocation complicates identification. I develop an empirical model based on a sample selection method to create a counterfactual state in which additional non-lottery allocation would not have existed. I find that receiving the interest-free construction bond increases school capital expenditure and housing values at the district level. I find little evidence for the effect of the bond on household sorting and student’s academic outcomes.
The second chapter studies the centralization of school finance in Michigan and its consequence for school revenue and spending. In an attempt to reduce spending disparities between rich and poor school districts, the Michigan state government centralized a school finance system by restricting local discretion on raising school revenue and increasing grants to district governments. Previous theoretical studies suggest that the centralization could reduce the level of school spending, but the empirical evidence is limited in the literature. Using the district-level panel data on school finance in Michigan and 4 neighboring states for the period of fiscal year 1990-2004, I estimate the effect of the centralization on the level of school revenue and spending and find that the centralization significantly levels down school revenue and spending.
The third chapter investigates how households value the school finance reform’s fiscal package in the case of the Michigan reform by estimating the effect on housing values, based on the Tiebout model in which fiscal attractiveness is capitalized into housing values. Although the previous studies have examined how U.S. states school finance reforms affect school resources and educational outcomes, there exists little literature on whether they are fiscally attractive to households beyond the effect on them. My research fills this gap in the literature. I find that the reform increases median housing values in Michigan, having a greater positive effect on housing values in wealthier communities. It implies that the reform benefits Michigan households on average but benefits wealthier households more.
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Tworek, Joel. "Levels and proficiencies of consumer financial literacy among apprentices in the western suburbs of Melbourne, Australia." Thesis, 2006. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/32992/.
Full textAbstract:
In this research study we have adopted Mason and Wilson's (2000) definition of being
financially literate as "the ability to make informed judgments and to take effective
decisions regarding the use and management of money". Keeping this definition in
mind, certain financial skills are identified as important for apprentices, to rightfully
be considered financially literate. These skills include basic financial mathematical
skills, cash and financial management, basic knowledge of payment methods,
superannuation, loans, investments and the ability to source financial assistance.
Through analysing the survey data we found that a significant percentage of
apprentices do not possess the required financial skills identified in this study to
manage their finances effectively.
It was also found that apprentices lack understanding of more complex payment
methods such as credit cards and EFTPOS, as a result these are not used on a regular
basis. Major areas of concern are knowledge of superannuation, interest rates and
personal loans.
Finally, the data revealed that apprentices could identify the importance of financial
management and its benefits. Unfortunately this is often not put into practice. Hence a
major indication from the study was that apprentices lack most basic knowledge and
confidence to actively manage their finances effectively.
This study has identified that apprentices would benefit from an effective education
program aimed at improving their financial skills. For an apprentice to feel
comfortable with their current financial position, they need to be confident with both
their current asset position and debt level. With this understanding, a financial
education program primarily aimed at teenager and young adults is well advised, to
engage the major areas in order to give apprentices confidence in their financial
position. Once this has been achieved they can then move on to improving their
knowledge of payment methods and other financial products.
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Chongruksut, Wiriya. "The Adoption of Activity-Based Costing in Thailand." 2002. http://eprints.vu.edu.au/234/1/02whole.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between the adoption of ABC by firms based in Thailand and the Thai economic crisis (1997) through theoretical models of organisational learning and the relationship between the implementation of ABC and the philosophy of organisational learning. The research model in this study is developed from Hurst's (1995) and Argyris' (1999) theoretical models of organisational learning. A mail questionnaire survey was considered an appropriate method for this study. The sample was selected from firms listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET) that operate in the Bangkok region (292 firms). 101 questionnaires were returned, generating a 34.59% response rate. Furthermore, the structured interviews with a selfselecting sub-sample were conducted to supplement the survey data. Out of 101 questionnaire respondents, 12 agreed to be interviewed. The quantitative data were processed using a SPSS program and the qualitative data gathered from the interviews were analysed using content analysis. The results show that the economic crisis was a significant variable forcing Thai firms to build organisational learning, in terms of the reorganisation or the adoption of innovations, including ABC, for their survival. Due to the changed environment, such as increased competition or growing costs, and the inability of the traditional cost systems to provide information in the new environment, several Thai firms had adopted and implemented ABC in response to the changed environment. This finding also revealed that the adoption of ABC promoted Thai firms' organisational learning in the double-loop mode, which enables an organisation to survive in the rapidly changed environment. In addition, it was found that the development and implementation of ABC were involved with an organisation's learning and the success of ABC was partly contingent on the level of organisational learning. This study also confirmed that behavioural and organisational variables played crucial roles in helping an organisation to create learning about ABC and leading an organisation to achieve the implementation of ABC. Especially, the clarity of the objectives of ABC was an important variable affecting significant variation in the degree of ABC success. Last, the findings suggest that an expansion of coverage of surveys and an extension of study to the government sector would be beneficial. Future researchers can also extend the investigation to other innovations and other variables associated with the implementation of ABC, such as contextual variables.
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Mayyasi, Omar A. "Understanding the Determinants of Graduate School Enrollment." Thesis, 2020. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-jhtg-hr15.
Full textAbstract:
The rise in globalization coupled with the exponential growth in technology has placed greater emphasis on a skills-based economy. This in turn has increased the demand for a labor force with advanced post-baccalaureate education. In order to better devise strategies and/or enact laws to promote, support and enhance post-baccalaureate education, it is imperative to understand the forces that drive or hinder individuals’ post-baccalaureate aspirations.
Using PowerStats, an on-line analytical tool made available from the National Center for Education Statistics, I use data from the 2008/12 Baccalaureate and Beyond Longitudinal Study to develop a linear probability model of graduate enrollment incorporating variables informed by the research on human, social, and cultural capital as well as habitus. The results indicate that GPA, type of undergraduate institution attended, and expectation of post-baccalaureate credentials are statistically significant and positively associated with Master’s degree enrollment three years after earning a Bachelor’s degree. Older students and those with higher incomes, meanwhile, were found to have statistically significantly lower probability of graduate enrollment.
Many of the variables previously used by researchers as proxies for social and cultural capital did not have a statistically significant effect in this model specification. This finding suggests that these measures may have been confounded by acting through other variables (interdependencies) in the model. This underscores the difficulty in assigning appropriate, direct and independent measures that capture the intended underlying effects proposed in Bourdieu’s theories. Additional research is needed in this area to better understand the influences that different groups experience in their pursuit of post-baccalaureate education.
This dissertation also examines the impact of business cycle fluctuations on graduate enrollment over a thirty-year period, encompassing three major economic downturns, using a fixed effects approach. Using IPEDS enrollment data and national unemployment rates as a proxy for the business cycle between 1988 and 2017, I find graduate enrollment to be counter cyclical. Additionally, the expansion of Grad PLUS loans eased the credit constraint on graduate borrowing and seems to have had a significant and positive effect on graduate enrollment, regardless of the business cycle. While the expansion of Grad PLUS loans had a positive effect overall, there are racial differences that could suggest other barriers or constraints to graduate enrollment for minority groups during economic downturns.
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Simpson, Rachelle. "A comparative study of the impact of globalisation on the development of Bangladesh and Tanzania." Thesis, 2007. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/1451/.
Full textAbstract:
Across the extensive body of literature on the subject of developing countries in the most recent period of globalised economic activity three main arguments are evident, firstly, that globalisation has had a positive impact on these countries, secondly, that globalisation has had a negative impact on these countries, and thirdly, that these countries have been by-passed by the most recent period of globalisation. This research seeks to understand what the impact has been on two of the world’s poorest developing countries, Bangladesh and Tanzania. Within the research globalisation is measured by openness, specifically changes in trade and investment flows. Impact is measured through change in development, and in order to do this, a modified Human Development Index is created. Through analysing each of the two countries during the globalisation period and comparing and contrasting the experience with the period prior to globalisation utilising common econometric techniques, this research reaches the conclusion that neither country has been excluded from the most recent period of globalisation. Further, it is concluded that the net impact of globalisation on development in both countries has been neither positive nor negative, thereby suggesting that both positive and negative forces have counterbalanced one another
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Mseleku, Mbangiseni Gabriel. "An investigation of how selected historically disadvantaged schools in Pietermaritzburg education district manage the prevalent non-payment of school fees." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/3684.
Full textAbstract:
The study was set out to investigate how selected historically disadvantaged schools in the Pietermaritzburg Education District, manage the prevalent non-payment of fees. The study used the survey method. The principals of schools were targeted because they are the accounting officers for the financial matters and executive members of the School Governing Bodies. Permission for conducting this research was obtained from the District Manager for the Department of Education and the principals of the sampled schools. For the purpose of data collection, the use of questionnaire and document analysis was adopted.
Five principals, each representing their respective circuit in the District, responded to the questionnaire. The research studied financial records to obtain a general view of how principals manage school fees and to draw conclusion on the extent of non-payment of fees.
The findings revealed that there is widespread tendency of non-payment of fees in schools. Poverty was cited as the reason for non-payment. Low and middle level income parents did not prioritise school fees from the lists of their accounts. Though principals understand that the victimising of non-paying learners of any form is contradictory to the South African Schools Act No 48 of 1996, they go on to withhold learners' results.
Parents have not applied for school fee exemption and schools have not yet advised them to do so. Non-paying parents are reluctant to explain their position to the school and also unwilling to offer voluntary service to school as a form of payment.
School fundraising efforts do not help them gain any reasonable amount of cash. The parental support in this venture is lacking.
The study recommends that principals should look at other means of dealing with payment and should assist the eligible parents to apply for fee exemption. The Department of Education should consider scaling down personnel expenditure in the office based ranks to add more funds for teaching and learning in the historically disadvantaged schools.Thesis (M.Ed.) - University of Natal, 2003.
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Chongruksut, Wiriya. "The Adoption of Activity-Based Costing in Thailand." Thesis, 2002. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/234/.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between the adoption of ABC by firms based in Thailand and the Thai economic crisis (1997) through theoretical models of organisational learning and the relationship between the implementation of ABC and the philosophy of organisational learning. The research model in this study is developed from Hurst's (1995) and Argyris' (1999) theoretical models of organisational learning. A mail questionnaire survey was considered an appropriate method for this study. The sample was selected from firms listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET) that operate in the Bangkok region (292 firms). 101 questionnaires were returned, generating a 34.59% response rate. Furthermore, the structured interviews with a selfselecting sub-sample were conducted to supplement the survey data. Out of 101 questionnaire respondents, 12 agreed to be interviewed. The quantitative data were processed using a SPSS program and the qualitative data gathered from the interviews were analysed using content analysis. The results show that the economic crisis was a significant variable forcing Thai firms to build organisational learning, in terms of the reorganisation or the adoption of innovations, including ABC, for their survival. Due to the changed environment, such as increased competition or growing costs, and the inability of the traditional cost systems to provide information in the new environment, several Thai firms had adopted and implemented ABC in response to the changed environment. This finding also revealed that the adoption of ABC promoted Thai firms' organisational learning in the double-loop mode, which enables an organisation to survive in the rapidly changed environment. In addition, it was found that the development and implementation of ABC were involved with an organisation's learning and the success of ABC was partly contingent on the level of organisational learning. This study also confirmed that behavioural and organisational variables played crucial roles in helping an organisation to create learning about ABC and leading an organisation to achieve the implementation of ABC. Especially, the clarity of the objectives of ABC was an important variable affecting significant variation in the degree of ABC success. Last, the findings suggest that an expansion of coverage of surveys and an extension of study to the government sector would be beneficial. Future researchers can also extend the investigation to other innovations and other variables associated with the implementation of ABC, such as contextual variables.
43
"Investment in power markets using locational marginal pricing and risk/reward analysis." Tulane University, 2007.
Find full textAbstract:
This dissertation summarizes the plan for investigating a new, integrated approach to model Power Systems Optimization for forecasting Locational Marginal Pricing (LMP) in deregulated electricity markets. A comparative analysis of different financial schemes is performed in order to use LMP in investment strategy. The financial scheme that is most appropriate for financial investment using LMP is outlined. The proposed approach is based on the Locational Marginal Pricing (LMP) method presented in [1] that shows relationships among power system factors like generator bids, system constraints, and demand levels. The proposed approach uses Unit Commitment, Economic Dispatch, and Optimal Power Flow to perform Load Flow Analysis and includes LMP calculation to determine the price of electricity. A set of algorithms and corresponding software code in C++ and MATLAB are developed and tested with a six-bus system Existing quantitative investment analysis methods, especially mean-variance method, [9, 10, 11, 12] are explored and guidelines are given for possible enhancements of the proposed approach with long-term decision making in Power Markets (PM). The mean-variance model aiming to minimize risk and achieve an expected reward uses an investment budget and expected rate of return of each asset to determine the percentage of total capital invested in each asset. The LMP method aiming to minimize the total system production cost takes economic and physical electric system parameters as its input and yields a schedule of unit commitment and a dispatch plan that determines the unit marginal cost of the last unit dispatched. Combination of the mean-variance method and the LMP method will give 'true' optimum of profit-making decisions covering both engineering and financial aspects With additional information from our thorough study of electricity market in the United States [24-39], regional expansion planning is presented together with other further research opportunities that we aim to serve as investing guidelines for investorsacase@tulane.edu
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Avkiran, Necmi Kemal. "A multivariate model of integrated branch performance and potential focusing on personal banking." Thesis, 1995. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/15434/.
Full textAbstract:
Existing methodologies of bank branch performance analysis are dominated by accounting and financial measures that inherently generate information of a retrospective nature. The outcomes are a possible misleading assessment of a branch's economic viability and misguided planning decisions in reconfiguring a branch.
... This study develops three principal models for an integrated analysis of personal banking performance,
based on data collected from branches of a major Australian
trading bank.
In conclusion, the study delivers a model of overall
performance comprised of eight variables; a model of overall
potential also comprised of eight variables,- and, a
discriminant model comprised of five predictors and two
functions with validated coefficients, and a cross-validated
correct classification rate. In addition, scales developed for such constructs as customer service quality and managerial competence can be applied independent of regression analysis and discriminant analysis models. It is submitted that the findings of the study can be used in decisions concerning reconfiguring, closing, or opening branches. Furthermore, the study could assist in minimising the gap between current branch performance and branch potential, by focusing attention on the treatment of variables that are controllable by bank management.
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Morris, Alan Geoffrey. "An economic analysis of industrial disputation in Australia." Thesis, 1996. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/15259/.
Full textAbstract:
Australia may present a special case in the analysis of strikes because, for most of the Twentieth Century, the Australian Industrial Relations Commission has acted as an industrial "umpire" charged with keeping the industrial peace. We begin with a review of major contributions to the theory of strikes, and reestimations and evaluations of the time-series models of previous Australian researchers. We then develop theoretical models of strikes and non-strike industrial action, stemming from Marshall's (1920) contribution to the theory of wages. If higher real wages lead to lower levels of employment, union demands are likely to be greater, and industrial action more frequent, when the duration of unemployment of retrenched workers is shorter. Important determinants of the opportunity costs of wage demands to employees, are wage losses of retrenched employees during unemployment and in subsequent re-employment. Critical in the union's decision to threaten a strike or a non-strike action, is a permanent loss of market share directly associated with strikes. The model of strikes is tested, along with variables suggested by other theories, using time-series data from the period 3:1959 to 4:1992. We show that the model is robust and out-performs modified versions of other Australian models. We find that the Prices and Incomes Accord is associated with a reduction in strike activity, but that other researchers have over-estimated its impact. Australian Workplace Industrial Relations Survey data is used to produce cross-sectional models of strikes and non-strike actions in unionised workplaces. We test the importance of the opportunity costs of wage demands and strikes, using variables describing the firm's competitive environment and local labour market conditions. Because the objectives of workplaces differ, we estimate separate models for privately owned workplaces, government non-commercial establishments and government business enterprises. All empirical models are broadly consistent with the predictions of our theoretical model.
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Ihalanayake, Ranjith. "Economics of tourism taxation : a study of tourism taxes in Australia." Thesis, 2007. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/15608/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the current Australian tourism tax structure and analyses the effects of tourism taxes on the Australian economy. The analysis is based on simulations carried out using a computable general equilibrium model (CGE) of the Australian economy, a modified version of the ORANI-G model which incorporates two tourism sectors, the domestic and international, explicitly using the dummy sector approach. In addition, a finance module was also incorporated into the model to facilitate the analysis.
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Fluker, Martin. "Perceived risk in adventure tourism." Thesis, 2005. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/1480/.
Full textAbstract:
While the phenomenon of risk is something that people generally try to minimise in their lives, the concept of adventure tourism presents an interesting set of circumstances in that tourists actually seek, or at the very least accept, the risk of sustaining physical injury during the adventure tourism experience. This makes adventure tourism unique when compared to all other types of tourism. In order to explore and add value to this difference, the aims of this study are to determine the importance of experiencing risk in choosing to participate in different adventure tourism activities, to understand the motivations, levels of satisfaction, and post-activity intentions of adventure tourists, so that specific marketing strategies may be developed. A total of 612 people were surveyed both before and after taking part in three different adventure tourism activities (whitewater rafting, bungy jumping, and sailing). It was found that prior experience in the given activity did not present itself as a factor that lowered risk as a motivation, that no motivational differences existed between nationalities, and that varying levels of inferred satisfaction are present. Marketing strategies for each of the activities, based on multivariate motivations, are recommended.
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Beh, Chooi San. "Financial accounting disclosures and corporate governance in Malaysia." Thesis, 2009. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/15210/.
Full textAbstract:
The paper is on Malaysia, an emerging market, which had enjoyed strong economic activity with growth of 8-9% p.a. for a decade before the Asian financial crisis hit the
region in 1997. The local currencies in the region came under pressure as capital took flight from the region. Credit and trade receivables became difficult. Assets and share values plunged dramatically as demand fell. A number of companies which had expanded rapidly through acquisitions and diversification with heavy borrowings in
the past became insolvent. Investors and other stakeholders lost money with the failure of the companies. Many blamed the inadequate financial information and poor corporate governance as agency issues for their loss.
Using the data of companies with poor earnings that were subsequently placed on the
KLSE PN4 list, the study confirmed previous studies that earnings affect share prices.
The share prices fell with negative earnings and remained low with declining earnings up to the PN4 announcements in 2001. Earnings management was evidenced by the use of the statistical model and the high standard deviation. There was, however, a marked change in 2005. Good management practices and transparency in financial information promotes growth.
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Brownson, Amanda Bright. "School finance reform in post Edgewood Texas an examination of revenue equity and implications for student performance /." Thesis, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3108471.
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Fernando, Hubert Preman. "Neuro-Fuzzy Forecasting of Tourist Arrivals." Thesis, 2005. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/422/.
Full textAbstract:
This study develops a model to forecast inbound tourism to Japan, using a combination of artificial neural networks and fuzzy logic and compares the performance of this forecasting model with forecasts from other quantitative forecasting methods namely, the multi-layer perceptron neural network model, the error correction model, the basic structural model, the autoregressive integrated moving average model and the naive model. Japan was chosen as the country of study mainly due to the availability of reliable tourism data, and also because it is a popular travel destination for both business and pleasure. Visitor arrivals from the 10 most popular tourist source countries to Japan, and total arrivals from all countries were used to incorporate a fairly wide variety of data patterns in the testing process. This research has established that neuro-fuzzy models can be used effectively in tourism forecasting, having made adequate comparisons with other time series and econometric models using real data. This research takes tourism forecasting a major leap forward to an entirely new approach in time series pedagogy. As previous tourism studies have not used hybrid combinations of neural and fuzzy logic in tourism forecasting this research has only touched the surface of a field that has immense potential not only in tourism forecasting but also in financial time series analysis, market research and business analysis.