Journal articles on the topic 'School: School of Accounting and Commercial Law'
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Reichert, Patrick, Matthew D. Bird, and Vanina Farber. "Gender and entrepreneurial propensity: risk-taking and prosocial preferences in labour market entry decisions." Social Enterprise Journal 17, no. 1 (February 10, 2021): 111–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sej-07-2020-0050.
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Purpose This study aims to examine gender differences in risk-taking and prosociality through a hypothetical labour market entry choice experiment. Design/methodology/approach To explore differences between male and female subjects by risk levels and framing effects, a labour market entry choice task that manipulated risk conditions was administered to business school students whereby subjects chose between a managerial job at a company, starting a commercial business or starting a social enterprise. The experimental design isolated and tested the influence of the type of value creation, risk propensity and framing effects. The results were then statistically analysed to test for significant differences between the two gender groups. Findings Results indicate that in low-risk conditions women prefer the prosocial entrepreneurial option while men opt for purely commercial entrepreneurial activities. As risk increases, differences between men and women initially converge and then reverse under conditions of extreme risk, where men select the social entrepreneurial choice at a higher rate than women. Research limitations/implications The research was conducted within the single country context of Peru and carried out using a specific subset of potential entrepreneurs (i.e. business school students). Second and related, the experimental labour entry task was hypothetical. Whether decisions would hold if business school students faced an actual occupational choice remains open to further investigation. Practical implications The practical implication of the paper suggests that Peruvian business school students react differently towards potential labour market opportunities depending on their gender. Perhaps, because of gender biases common in the Latin American context, women appear to respond more positively to low-risk prosocial opportunities. However, as risk increases, contextual factors appear to become less important and reveal core sets of prosocially anchored men and commercially anchored women. Originality/value This research provides new insights into risk-taking and prosocial differences between men and women facing labour entry decisions, especially in a developing country context with strong gender norms, and is particularly useful to those with an interest in entrepreneurial propensity and in the identification and development of entrepreneurial women.
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Fichtnerová, Eva, and Jitka Vacková. "Motives for the migration of scientific, research and academic workers." Problems and Perspectives in Management 19, no. 1 (March 2, 2021): 209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.19(1).2021.18.
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The higher education system needs personalities who guarantee high quality of academic and scientific performance. This paper deals with the motives of their migration to/from HEIs, knowledge of which is important for their HR management and increasing global competitiveness. The theory is based on the idea of internationalization (Knight, 2012) and push-pull factors (Ravenstein, 1889), leading to the recruitment of highly qualified labor from abroad. The analysis focused on the “circulation of brains” in modern Europe. The final part contains a graph of the research methodology.Three main areas of the motivation process affecting migration have been identified. At the macro-level, this is political support, which enables the arrival of experts and creates conditions for own professionals to gain experience abroad, but return. This applies to working conditions, adaptation, and integration. Economic conditions at the mezzo-level are based on the motives of finding a better job opportunity and one’s living conditions. The transfer of knowledge increases the country’s economic potential. At the micro-level, there is an impact of an individual’s character traits and surrounding social networks. It depends on the influence of a family, school, friends, the desire to apply language and other skills, and experience abroad. The knowledge of the motives for migration should be a stimulus for taking appropriate measures at higher education institutions leading to the creation of a multicultural environment and the readiness of HEIs to use «brain circulation» to increase their excellence in academic and scientific performance. AcknowledgmentThis research did not receive a specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. The researchers have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
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Gorton, Lars. "Global Business: National Law, EU Law and International Customs and Contracts." European Business Law Review 27, Issue 3 (June 1, 2016): 421–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eulr2016019.
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Lars Gorton is a professor emeritus presently connected to the Stockholm Centre of Commercial Law at the Stockholm University Law faculty. He has previously been engaged as professor of Banking Law at the university of Lund and as professor adiunct at the Stockholm School of Economics and the Copenhagen Business School. He is presently mainly engaged with matters related to General Commercial Law including Financial and Credit law. This article presents some overview of commercial law developments in the EU against a wider context.
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Lopez, Vera A., Mark W. Roosa, Jenn-Yun Tein, and Khanh T. Dinh. "Accounting for Anglo-Hispanic Differences in School Misbehavior." Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice 2, no. 1-2 (January 29, 2004): 27–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j222v02n01_03.
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Fedotova, I. G. "School of Juridical English." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 5(38) (October 28, 2014): 216–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2014-5-38-216-217.
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The Department of English Language № 8 works with students of the Faculty of International Law. The unique school of teaching legal aspects of the English language is one of the most significant achievements of the department. Associate Professor V.F. Nazarov was one of professionals, was at the origin of this school. In 1992 the textbook "The course of the legal interpretation of Anglo-American Commercial Law" was published, which was the result of work of group of specialists in legal translation since early 1970s. The book laid foundation for the further development of the school of teaching legal aspects of the English language. After1990stheteaching of the legal aspects of English language was brought to the next level, marked of the by the creation of the educational complex "Legal concepts and categories in the English language" by I.G. Fedotova and G.P. Tolstopyatenko, based on the new competence-based concept of educating professional international lawyers.
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Todd, David Y. "The law school class of '84." Critical Perspectives on Accounting 9, no. 3 (June 1998): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/cpac.1996.0249.
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An, Sungpo. "Development Direction of Commercial Law and Corporate Law Education for the Curriculum of Law School." Commercial Law Review 36, no. 1 (May 31, 2017): 99–137. http://dx.doi.org/10.21188/clr.36.1.4.
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Wan-Jin Choi. "Study of Curriculums for Commercial Law and Teaching Methodology For the Law School System." KYUNGPOOK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY LAW JOURNAL ll, no. 28 (June 2008): 355–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17248/knulaw..28.200806.355.
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Rodrigues, Lúcia Lima, Russell Craig, and Delfina Gomes. "State intervention in commercial education: the case of the Portuguese School of Commerce, 1759." Accounting History 12, no. 1 (February 2007): 55–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1032373207072808.
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Braghetta, Adriana. "Diversity and Regionalism in International Commercial Arbitration." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 46, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 1245. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v46i4.4890.
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New Zealand Law Foundation International Dispute Resolution Lecture 2015, delivered at Stone Lecture Theatre, Auckland Law School, 19 October 2015. The lecture focuses on diversity and regionalism in international commercial practice, looking specifically at the representation of new players.
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Maitland, Ian. "Virtuous Markets: The Market as School of the Virtues." Business Ethics Quarterly 7, no. 1 (January 1997): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3857230.
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Abstract:In a commercial society, said Adam Smith, “every man becomes in some measure a merchant.” If Smith is right, what does that mean for the character of the society? This paper addresses the character forming effects of the market—and, specifically its impact on the “virtues.” There is a long tradition of viewing commerce as subversive of the virtues. In this view, the market is held to have legitimated the pursuit of narrow self-interest at the expense of social and civic obligations and moral restraints. But, as Albert Hirschman has shown, many Enlightenment moralists saw commercial society as a moralizing force. Which view is right? This paper examines how many of the character traits that we commonly call virtues are rewarded—and so presumably reinforced and diffused—by the market. In this way, the market (as it were by a hidden hand) strengthens its own foundations and reproduces a moral culture that is functional to its own needs.
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Hardin, J. Russell, David O'Bryan, and Jeffrey J. Quirin. "Accounting versus engineering, law, and medicine: Perceptions of influential high school teachers." Advances in Accounting 17 (January 2000): 205–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0882-6110(00)17012-9.
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Ercanbrack, Jonathan. "The Standardization of Islamic Financial Law: Lawmaking in Modern Financial Markets." American Journal of Comparative Law 67, no. 4 (December 2019): 825–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcl/avz010.
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Abstract The project to standardize the commercial elements of the sharia as undertaken by standard-setting bodies, such as the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI), is a lawmaking effort that is incentivized by market forces and the interaction of municipal legal systems. This Article examines the ways in which these factors contribute to the development of private Islamic legal standards, and in doing so, contribute to an emergent legal architecture that is integrated within the global economy. Contrary to the primary role assigned in existing analyses to sharia scholars and sharia supervisory boards, the Article shows that the processes that determine the composition of Islamic financial law (IFL) highlight the starkly reduced role of jurists in developing law in accordance with the traditional methodology (usul al-fiqh). Such analyses have failed to consider the standardization effort as a lawmaking project driven by market forces, which must be realized if authentic sharia principles are to be given effect. Therefore, examination of these market-led processes and their contribution to the creation of Islamic standards is essential for understanding what standardization means in relation to the fulfillment of Islamic principles and whether a high degree of standardization is desirable. First, the Article examines the role of interpretation, which highlights the methodological challenges of the standardization project. Second, the Article investigates the AAOIFI’s standard-setting efforts, including the methods of standardization, its market- and law-driven incentives, and the status of standardization efforts including the madhahib (schools of law)’s differences of legal thought. Third, an analysis of the interaction of IFL and the law of municipal legal systems (the United Arab Emirates, England and Wales, and Malaysia) highlights the legal incentivization for developing sharia standards. Finally, an analysis of the commercial practice of IFL, particularly in retail markets, demonstrates commercial law’s trend toward standardized contractual practices. Market forces compel the use of standard-form documentation, comprising standards that reflect the commercial practice of law firms and corporations.
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Hemez, Paul, John J. Brent, and Thomas J. Mowen. "Exploring the School-to-Prison Pipeline: How School Suspensions Influence Incarceration During Young Adulthood." Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 18, no. 3 (October 31, 2019): 235–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541204019880945.
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A growing body of research has evoked the life-course perspective to understand how experiences in school relate to a wide range of longer term life outcomes. This is perhaps best typified by the notion of the school-to-prison pipeline which refers to a process by which youth who experience punitive punishment in schools are increasingly enmeshed within the criminal justice system. While this metaphor is commonly accepted, few studies have examined the extent to which exclusionary school discipline significantly alters pathways toward incarceration as youth transition into young adulthood. Applying a life-course perspective and leveraging 15 waves of data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, this study examines how school suspensions influence the odds of imprisonment during young adulthood. Mixed-effects longitudinal models demonstrate that receiving a suspension serves as a key turning point toward increased odds of incarceration, even after accounting for key covariates including levels of criminal offending. However, results show that repeated suspensions do not appear to confer additional risk of incarceration. Results carry implications for the ways in which school punishment impacts youths’ life-course.
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STOCKMEYER, NORMAN OTTO. "Reflections on Teaching the First Day of Contracts Class." Michigan Academician 44, no. 3 (January 1, 2017): 337–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7245/0026-2005-44.3.337.
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ABSTRACT A veteran of the law school classroom offers his thoughts on why Contracts is the most significant course in the first-year curriculum, why the study of contract law should begin with the subject of remedies, and why the “hairy hand” case of The Paper Chase fame makes an ideal starting point. The author also shares his first-day advice on how to succeed in law school. Along the way he explains why he prefers a problems-based casebook, opposes use of commercial briefs and outlines, and makes robust use of a course website.
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Yau, Barry, and David Catanzariti. "At Play in the Field of Dreams: Theorising Attitudes, Perceptions and Practices of Law Students in conjunction with the Reflections of Early Career Commercial Lawyers." Law in Context. A Socio-legal Journal 37, no. 1 (December 12, 2020): 114–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.26826/law-in-context.v37i1.116.
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Australian law schools are tasked with forming students in their knowledge and understanding of the law, with many students aiming to fulfil their dreams of pursuing a legal career. Utilising Bourdieu’s conceptual tools, this article considers whether aspirations of being “real lawyers” are significantly influenced by motifs of career success predominantly linked to an “elite” tier of law practice. The attitudes and perceptions of law students can also positively or adversely shape their career path amidst the information at play in the law school space. Drawing on qualitative data, we have applied Bourdieu’s tools to understand undergraduate and practical legal training students’ responses to notions of career accomplishment. This is contrasted with the reflections of early career commercial lawyers about their law school experiences. With comparisons to contemporary surveys and research on student services for law students, along with their wellbeing, the article reasons that the assorted ambitions of law students requires a law school environment promoting a more diversified perspective of “real law” and “real lawyering”.
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Chiang, W. H., H. H. Hsu, and J. S. Huang. "FAÇADE DESIGN EFFECT ON CROSS-VENTILATION IN TAIWANESE SCHOOL BUILDINGS." Journal of Green Building 8, no. 2 (April 2013): 90–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.8.2.90.
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This study performed a three-dimensional numerical prediction for the induced airflow patterns and mean age of air (MAGE) around and inside a naturally ventilated school building, while accounting for the wind profile effect. Various fenestrations, hallways, and shading devices on the windward side of building were analyzed to determine how they affected wind velocity, the incident angle of airflow, and MAGE distribution inside classrooms. The numerical scheme is based on a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code, PHOENICS. The incline of incoming wind was observed on higher floors that decreased the air exchange rate in the simulated room. The inclined airflow could be effectively deflected downward through the breathing zone by hallways, 1.2-m shades as overhangs, and 0.6-m louvers. Based on this research, an appropriate combination of external attachments on the windward side of building façade can be utilized to enhance ventilation in school buildings. (See Appendix 1 for nomenclature.)
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Deines, Dan S., Joseph Bittner, and Glenda Eichman. "The Accounting Pilot and Bridge Project." Issues in Accounting Education 27, no. 1 (December 1, 2011): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/iace-50111.
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ABSTRACT The accounting profession will experience a 50 percent decline in its ranks in the next ten years as accounting professionals from the Baby Boomer generation retire. To replace these professionals, the accounting profession will have to compete with law, medicine, engineering, and other professions that will also be replacing their “boomers.” During the period the boomers are retiring, the number of high school graduates is expected to decline, which suggests that the currently high accounting enrollments are unlikely to continue. If the accounting profession is to compete for the best and brightest students in the future, it is in its best interest to address structural impediments that exist in its educational supply chain. One significant structural impediment in the supply chain is the traditional high school accounting course. In 2000 the AICPA's Taylor Report stated high school accounting courses were a “systemic barrier” to entry into the profession for the very high school students the profession wants to attract (Taylor 2000). These courses have not changed substantially since the Taylor report was issued. The Accounting Pilot and Bridge Project (The Project) proposes to eliminate this barrier and has created a new college-level high school accounting course that provides college credit for those students who take the course and pass a rigorous qualifying examination. The Project is modeled after the College Board's highly successful Advanced Placement (AP) program. Once specific goals are achieved, The Project plans to submit a proposal to the College Board for it to adopt accounting as part of its Advanced Placement curriculum. After describing the research and initiatives that led to the creation of The Project, this paper discusses the goals of The Project, the process to have accounting added to the College Board's AP Curriculum, the curriculum used in the pilot course, the progress made to date, and what lies ahead.
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CISG Advisory Council. "CISG Advisory Council Opinion No. 22." Nordic Journal of Commercial Law, no. 1 (November 6, 2022): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/ojs.njcl.1.7521.
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The CISG-AC started as a private initiative supported by the Institute of International Commercial Law at Pace University School of Law and the Centre for Commercial Law Studies, Queen Mary, University of London. The International Sales Convention Advisory Council (CISG-AC) is in place to support understanding of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) and the promotion and assistance in the uniform interpretation of the CISG. At its formative meeting in Paris in June 2001, prof. Peter Schlechtriem of Freiburg University, Germany, was elected chair of the CISG-AC for a three-year term. Dr. Loukas a. Mistelis of the Centre for Commercial Law Studies, Queen Mary, University of London, was elected secretary. The founding members of the CISG-AC were prof. Emeritus Eric E. Bergsten, Pace University School of Law, prof. Michael Joachim Bonell, University of Rome la Sapienza, prof. E. Allan Farnsworth, Columbia University School of Law, prof. Alejandro M. Garro, Columbia University School of Law, prof. Sir Roy M. Goode, Oxford, prof. Sergei n. Lebedev, Maritime Arbitration Commission of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation, prof. Jan Ramberg, University of Stockholm, Faculty of Law, prof. Peter Schlechtriem, Freiburg University, prof. Hiroo Sono, Faculty of Law, Hokkaido University, prof. Claude Witz, Universität des Saarlandes and Strasbourg University. Members of the council are elected by the council. At subsequent meetings, the CISG-AC elected as additional members prof. Pilar Perales Viscasillas, Universidad Carlos III, Madrid; prof. Ingeborg Schwenzer, University of Basel; prof. John Y. Gotanda, Villanova University; Prof. Michael G. Bridge, London School of Economics; prof. Han Shiyuan, Tsinghua University and Prof. Yeşim Atamer, Istanbul Bilgi University, Turkey, prof. Ulrich G. Schroeter, University of Mannheim, Germany, prof. Lauro Gama, Pontifical Catholic University, Justice Johnny Herre, Justice of the Supreme Court of Sweden, prof. Harry M. Flechtner, University of Pittsburgh, prof. Sieg Eiselen, Department of Private Law of the University of South Africa, and prof. Edgardo Muñoz López, Universidad Panamericana, Guadalajara, México. Prof. Jan Ramberg served for a three-year term as the second chair of the CISG-AC. At its 11th meeting in Wuhan, People's Republic of China, prof. Eric E. Bergsten of Pace University School of Law was elected chair of the CISG-AC and prof. Sieg Eiselen of the Department of Private Law of the University of South Africa was elected secretary. At its 14th meeting in Belgrade, Serbia, prof. Ingeborg Schwenzer of the University of Basel was elected chair and at its 24th meeting in Antigua, Guatemala, prof. Michael G. Bridge of the London School of Economics was elected chair of the CISG-AC. At its 26th meeting in Asunción, Paraguay, ass. Prof. Milena Djordjević, University of Belgrade, Serbia, was elected secretary, and she was reelected short after the 30th meeting in Rio de Janeiro. Prof. Pilar Perales Viscasillas of the University Carlos III of Madrid was elected chair of the CISG-AC after the 30th meeting in Rio de Janeiro.
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Dąbrowska, Anna, and Joanna Ciupak. "Changes in E-Education Brought By the Covid-19 Pandemic in Poland: Behaviour and Perceptions of Young E-Education Service Consumers and Service Providers." Marketing of Scientific and Research Organizations 41, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 39–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/minib-2021-0014.
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Abstract This study — carried out in May 2020, early on during the COVID-19 pandemic - examines the situation in the Polish e-education market, as perceived by secondary school and university students who consume e-education services and by the providers of such services. Firstly, to set the stage, in-depth interviews were carried out with eight owners of companies offering commercial e-education services. Next, an extensive online survey was carried out among secondary school and university students in the 2019–2020 school/academic year using the CAWI method on a sample of 803 respondents — with secondary school students (group I) accounting for 30% of the sample and university students (group II) making up the remaining 70% — concerning their satisfaction or dissatisfaction with e-education services. Taken together, the findings allow for an assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of distance learning and point to the increased demand for e-education services during the pandemic, in tandem with a continually shifting e-education services market.
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Kim, Woo-Young, Hee-Young Ma, and Ji-Yeon Yoo. "A Study on Improvement of Inconsistency between Private School Law and Private University Accounting Rules." Academic Society of Global Business Administration 15, no. 6 (December 30, 2018): 259–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.38115/asgba.2018.15.6.259.
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Castles, Margaret. "Marriage of convenience or a match made in heaven? Collaboration between a Law School Clinic and a Commercial Law Firm." International Journal of Clinical Legal Education 23, no. 2 (February 29, 2016): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.19164/ijcle.v23i2.508.
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The cost of clinical legal education courses has always been a challenge to law schools. In the last 40 years clinicians have developed and trialed many different innovations in clinical law, in response to increased student demand for clinical experience, and greater pressure on the legal services market. Two common models are the in house clinic and the externship placement. This article explores the idea of a ‘reverse externship’ – with private solicitors coming into an in house clinic to assist in the supervision of students on placement. It tracks the development and implementation of this initiative, and reports on both the practical challenges and the pedagogical benefits that we encountered<strong>.</strong>
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Gonçalves, Manuel, and Maria da Conceiçao Da Costa Marques. "Evoluçâo do ensino da contabilidade em Portugal na segunda metade do século XIX: uma análise histórica, 1844-1886 = Evolution of accounting education in Portugal in the second half of the nineteenth century: a historical analysis, 1844-1886." Pecvnia : Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Universidad de León, no. 13 (December 1, 2011): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/pec.v0i13.609.
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En 1844 el Aula de Comércio de Lisboa (1759) fue rebajada al nivel de enseñanza secundaria, por iniciativa legislativa de Costa Cabral, terminando así la autonomía de la que hasta entonces disfrutó. Su sucesora fue la Escola de Comércio (1844-1869), integrada en el Liceu de Lisboa como sección comercial. Posteriormente, en los años 1869 y 1886 se fundaron, respectivamente, dos instituciones de enseñanza pública de la Contabilidad: El Instituto Industrial e Comercial de Lisboa y el Instituto Industrial e Comercial de Oporto. Este artículo pretende contribuir al conocimiento de estas tres escuelas difusoras de conocimientos contables en Portugal en el Siglo XIX: La Escola de Comércio de Lisboa (1844-1869) y los Institutos Industriales y Comerciales de Lisboa (1869) y Oporto (1886).<br /><br /><br />In 1844 Portuguese School of Commerce (1759) was downgraded to the level of secondary education, an initiative of Costa Cabral, therefore abolishing the autonomy that it had enjoyed until that date. His successor was the School of Commerce of Lisbon (1844-1869), a part of the Lisbon High School, as a commercial section. Later, were founded in 1869 and 1886, respectively, another two public schools of accounting: the Industrial and Commercial Institute of Lisbon and the Industrial and Commercial Institute of Oporto. This article aims to contribute to the increase of knowledge associated with these three schools of accounting knowledge in Portugal in the nineteenth century - the School of Commerce (1844-1869) and the Industrial and Commercial Institutes of Lisbon (1869) and Oporto (1886).<br /><br /><br />Em 1844 a Aula de Comércio de Lisboa (1759) foi rebaixada ao nível do ensino secundário, por iniciativa legislativa de Costa Cabral, abolindo-se a autonomia de que até aí gozara. A sua sucessora foi a Escola de Comércio (1844-1869), integrada no Liceu de Lisboa como secção comercial. Posteriormente, foram fundados nos anos de 1869 e de 1886, respectivamente, dois estabelecimentos de ensino público de Contabilidade: o Instituto Industrial e Comercial de Lisboa e o Instituto Industrial e Comercial do Porto. Este artigo visa contribuir para o aumento do conhecimento associado a estas três escolas difusoras de saberes contabilísticos em Portugal no século XIX – a Escola de Comércio de Lisboa (1844-1869) e os Institutos Industriais e Comerciais de Lisboa (1869) e do Porto (1886).
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Gebreiter, Florian, and Nunung Nurul Hidayah. "Individual responses to competing accountability pressures in hybrid organisations." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 32, no. 3 (March 18, 2019): 727–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-08-2017-3098.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine conflicting institutional demands on individual frontline employees in hybrid public sector organisations. Specifically, it examines the competing accountability pressures professional and commercial logics exerted on academics at a business school, how individual lecturers responded to such pressures, and what drove these responses. Design/methodology/approach The paper draws on a case study of an English business school and is informed by the literatures on institutional logics and hybrid organisations. Findings The paper shows that the co-existence of professional and commercial logics at the case organisation exerted competing accountability pressures on lecturers. It moreover shows that sometimes deliberately and purposefully, sometimes ad hoc or even coincidentally, lecturers drew on a wide range of responses to these conflicting pressures, including compliance, defiance, combination and compartmentalisation. Originality/value The paper sheds light on individual level responses to competing institutional logics and associated accountability pressures, as well as on their drivers. It also highlights the drawbacks of user, customer or citizen accountability mechanisms, showing that a strong emphasis on them in knowledge-intensive public organisations can have severe dysfunctional effects.
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ECHATARINA, PUTRI, and MARTIN ROESTAMY. "TAX DEDUCTIBLE SEBAGAI KOMPENSASI KEGIATAN SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY LEMBAGA NOTARIS DALAM PENGESAHAN BADAN HUKUM YAYASAN PONDOK PESANTREN." JURNAL ILMIAH LIVING LAW 10, no. 1 (January 30, 2018): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30997/jill.v10i1.1491.
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The Foundation is a body that perform various non commercial activities (non-profit) and engaged in social, religious or educational one boarding school. Boarding School can be said to have a role as well as educate the nation's children because schools have a main function of the students can study and master the knowledge of Islam more deeply. Identification of this research are: 1) How is social responsibility in implementing the notary profession and professional public service to educational institutions and religious boarding school? 2) How is the implementation of income tax from the practice of social responsibility in relation to the obligation to pay income tax on any notary deed? 3) Are there policies about tax deductible to the practice of social responsibility that does not charge the notary deed or honorarium from clients who set up a foundation online boarding school?. The method used in this research is normative juridical approach, the law conceived as norms, rules, principles or dogmas/jurisprudence.
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Fernandez, Angela. "The Lost Record of Pierson v. Post, the Famous Fox Case." Law and History Review 27, no. 1 (2009): 149–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248000001693.
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Pierson v. Post is usually used in law school classrooms to introduce law students to the complexities of establishing possession in property law. The published appellate-level opinion is widely available from commercial judgment database services and has been reproduced in countless law school casebooks, with a first-page pride of place given to the case in such collections since at least 1915. In the words of one scholar, “[m[ost [property law] casebooks begin at the beginning by considering the original acquisition of property. Almost all books suggest possession is the root of title … A favorite place to start is the old case of Pierson v. Post.” According to another, Pierson v. Post is “the perfect case for giving students a taste of what it means to ‘think like a lawyer.’” It is an “old chestnut” if ever there was one. Indeed, it would be difficult to overstate the extent to which the case has been the subject of scholarly commentary.
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Morrison, Brenda, Peta Blood, and Margaret Thorsborne. "Practicing Restorative Justice in School Communities: Addressing the Challenge of Culture Change." Public Organization Review 5, no. 4 (December 2005): 335–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11115-005-5095-6.
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Annamma, Subini Ancy, Yolanda Anyon, Nicole M. Joseph, Jordan Farrar, Eldridge Greer, Barbara Downing, and John Simmons. "Black Girls and School Discipline: The Complexities of Being Overrepresented and Understudied." Urban Education 54, no. 2 (May 19, 2016): 211–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042085916646610.
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Using Critical Race Theory and Critical Race Feminism as guiding conceptual frameworks, this mixed-methods empirical study examines Black girls’ exclusionary discipline outcomes. First, we examined disciplinary data from a large urban school district to assess racial group differences in office referral reasons and disparities for Black girls in out-of-school suspensions, law enforcement referrals, and expulsions. Next, we used a multivariate analysis to determine whether these patterns held after accounting for other identity markers. Finally, we used Critical Discourse Analysis to consider whether office referrals for Black girls were for subjective or objective behaviors and whether they aligned with dominant narratives.
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Turner, Kelli. "Where Does One Begin to Describe a Professor who Literally Changed Your Life?" Michigan Business & Entrepreneurial Law Review, no. 5.2 (2016): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.36639/mbelr.5.2.where.
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A bit of background to set the stage, if you’ll indulge me. Growing up in West Bloomfield, Michigan, I was never overly ambitious, nor did I have any lofty academic goals. In particular, I never had any desire to go to law school or, for that matter, to become a lawyer. I come from a family of trial attorneys and it never interested me much. I was a numbers person and didn’t enjoy a lot of deep reading and essay writing (somewhat ironic as I’m writing this for a law journal). But when I started in public accounting and developed a strong interest in tax, I realized I could do much more with a law degree than only a CPA. At that point, with good but not great grades from Michigan undergraduate business school and good but not great LSAT scores, as well as a desire to go to law school in Michigan for cost reasons, I applied to Wayne State University Law School and was accepted. Much to my surprise, I really enjoyed law school and was very happy at Wayne. Also, I ended up with straight As and was tied for first in my class. It seemed like I had found my groove, so at that point, I decided I should apply to transfer to the University of Michigan Law School, and I was thrilled to be accepted. Straight off, I elected any tax and business courses that I could find. Which leads me, finally, to Professor Kahn. My first tax course was personal income tax with Professor Kahn. I was a bit intimidated, and for good reason. He had written numerous books that were essential to the study of tax law and he was somewhat of a legend in the history of the University of Michigan Law School. My best friend’s dad had Professor Kahn twenty plus years before I did, and I had heard a lot about him. As it turned out, Professor Kahn was also brilliant, funny and made what could be a dry topic very engaging. I remember the first time he called on me like it was yesterday. He seemed to like my thought process and my answer. It was a huge relief.
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Liu, Yang, Yanjie Ji, Zhuangbin Shi, and Liangpeng Gao. "The Influence of the Built Environment on School Children’s Metro Ridership: An Exploration Using Geographically Weighted Poisson Regression Models." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (December 9, 2018): 4684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124684.
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Long-distance school commuting is a key aspect of students’ choice of car travel. For cities lacking school buses, the metro and car are the main travel modes used by students who have a long travel distance between home and school. Therefore, encouraging students to commute using the metro can effectively reduce household car use caused by long-distance commuting to school. This paper explores metro ridership at the station level for trips to school and return trips to home in Nanjing, China by using smart card data. In particular, a global Poisson regression model and geographically weighted Poisson regression (GWPR) models were used to examine the effects of the built environment on students’ metro ridership. The results indicate that the GWPR models provide superior performance for both trips to school and return trips to home. Spatial variations exist in the relationship between the built environment and students’ metro ridership across metro stations. Built environments around metro stations, including commercial-oriented land use; the density of roads, parking lots, and bus stations; the number of docks at bikeshare stations; and the shortest distance between bike stations and metro stations have different impacts on students’ metro ridership. The results have important implications for proposing relevant policies to guide students who are being driven to school to travel by metro instead.
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Fleischmann, Amos. "Punishing violent students: accounting for self-defense." Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research 8, no. 3 (July 11, 2016): 174–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jacpr-03-2015-0165.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the disciplinary measures that teachers apply to student participants in violent altercations and how protestations of self-defense and a violent record affect the measures taken. Design/methodology/approach – Israeli teachers (326) were shown fictional vignettes that recounted violent conflicts between students and were asked whether and how they would punish them. The vignettes portrayed students in three roles: aggressor, confirmed self-defender, and unproven self-defender. Findings – Confirmed self-defenders are much more leniently disciplined than unproven self-defenders and aggressors. Unproven self-defenders are disciplined almost as severely as aggressors. A violent record results in much more severe punishment of unproven self-defenders and aggressors but has only a slight upward effect on the disciplining of confirmed self-defenders. Social implications – The study reveals a difficulty in complying with a zero-tolerance approach to school violence because it collides with the right to self-defense. The intensity of discipline applied to self-defenders appears to depend on their ability to “dig up” witnesses to prove their case. Therefore, socially isolated self-defenders may be punished severely whereas social accepted ones would not. Originality/value – The results may enhance the understanding of arbitrators’ decisions in conflicts that defy attempts to determine “who started it.” They break new ground by describing the disciplinary measures taken against different role-players in fracases and are immensely important for understanding peacemaking measures in school and the “real world.”
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Nurdialy, Mela, Aulia Hidayati, and Ratih Pratiwi. "Sosialisasi UU HPP Sebagai Sarana Pendidikan Pajak Siswa SMK Poncol Jakarta." Jurnal Abdimas Adpi Sosial dan Humaniora 3, no. 2 (June 28, 2022): 311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.47841/jsoshum.v3i2.158.
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Early tax education for school students needs to be carried out to increase awareness and tax compliance. Vocational High School (SMK) students are part of the younger generation of future taxpayers. In 2021, there will be changing tax regulations with the Harmonization of Tax Law (UU HPP). The Lecturer of the Accounting Study Program at the Vocational School of IPB held community service activities by socializing the UU HPP to students majoring in Accounting at SMK Poncol Jakarta. This activity aims to increase the understanding of taxation, especially income tax and Value Added Tax, for students at SMK Poncol Jakarta. The implementation of activities uses lecture and simulation methods and evaluates activities through pre-test and post-test questionnaires to determine the success of tax socialization. Based on the test results, After the tax socialization, 90.7% of students answered that they understood PPh and VAT; 91.67% of students know income tax (PPh), and 86.25% of students know VAT. Generally, tax socialization activities increase students’ understanding of taxes and UU HPP.
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Nurdialy, Mela, Aulia Hidayati, and Ratih Pratiwi. "SOSIALISASI UNDANG-UNDANG HARMONISASI PERATURAN PERPAJAKAN SEBAGAI SARANA PENDIDIKAN PAJAK SISWA SMK PONCOL JAKARTA." Jurnal Abdimas Adpi Sosial dan Humaniora 3, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 266–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.47841/jsoshum.v3i1.122.
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Early tax education for school students needs to be carried out to increase awareness and tax compliance. Vocational High School (SMK) students are part of the younger generation of future taxpayers. In 2021, there will be changing tax regulations with the Harmonization of Tax Law (UU HPP). The Lecturer of the Accounting Study Program at the Vocational School of IPB held community service activities by socializing the UU HPP to students majoring in Accounting at SMK Poncol Jakarta. This activity aims to increase the understanding of taxation, especially income tax and Value Added Tax, for students at SMK Poncol Jakarta. The implementation of activities uses lecture and simulation methods and evaluates activities through pre-test and post-test questionnaires to determine the success of tax socialization. Based on the test results, After the tax socialization, 90.7% of students answered that they understood about PPh and VAT; 91.67% of students know income tax (PPh), and there are 86.25% of students know VAT. Generally, tax socialization activities increase students’ understanding of taxes and UU HPP.
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Forte, Angelo D. M. "A Great Future Behind it? Scottish Commercial Law and the Millenium." European Review of Private Law 2, Issue 3/4 (December 1, 1994): 375–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl1994042.
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Abstract. Has Scottish commercial law become Anglicised and lost its separate identity? The major exponents of the ‘civilian’ school of thought, with their emphasis on Roman Law, thought that it had but that the victim might still be rescued provided Scots lawyers remembered their civilian heritage. This paper challenges the view that a civilian and Romanist approach has anything to offer modem Scottish commercial lawyers. It argues that economic imperatives outweight nationalist and parochial arguments and that not only Scots but also English commercial law has to make compromises. The paper also asserts the importance of marketing commercial law and argues that, in this respect, Scottish lawyers have shown themselves to be no less adept than their English counterparts. Far from being moribund, Scottish commercial law is thriving and vigorous and, most importantly, relevant to the needs of commerce in the UK, Europe, and beyond. Résumé. Le droit commercial écossais a-t-il commencé à être anglicisé et a-t-il de ce fait perdu son identitité? Les principaux tenants de l’école de pensée civiliste, qui insistent sur leur héritage romaniste, le pensent mais estiment que la victime pourrait en être sauvée si les juristes écossais se souvenaient de leur héritage civiliste. Le présent article défend l’idée selon laquelle une approche civiliste et romaniste a encore aujourd’hui quelque chose à offrir aux commercialistes écossais. Il y est en particulier soutenu que les impératifs économiques ont plus de poids que les arguments provinciaux et nationalistes et que ce n’est pas seulement le droit commercial écossais, mais aussi le droit anglais, qui doivent faire des compromis. L’auteur mentionne en outre l’importance du droit commercial relatif au marché et soutient à cet égard les juristes écossais ont montré qu’ils n’étaient pas moins habiles que leurs confrères anglais. Loin d’être moribond, le droit commercial écossais démontre ainsi sa vigueur et, ce qui est plus important, se révèle adapté aux besoins du commerce en Grande-Bretagne, en Europe, et au-delà.
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Dunfee, Thomas W., and Diana C. Robertson. "Integrating ethics into the business school curriculum." Journal of Business Ethics 7, no. 11 (November 1988): 847–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00383048.
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Bruce, Mary D., Natalia Ermasova, and Linda Mattox. "The Fiscal Disparity and Achievement Gap between Extremely Wealthy and Poor School Districts in Illinois." Public Organization Review 19, no. 4 (August 16, 2018): 541–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11115-018-0417-7.
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Winkler, Viktor. "Langdell's Prodigal Grandsons: On Duncan Kennedy's Critique of American Legal Education." German Law Journal 7, no. 8 (August 1, 2006): 717–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200005034.
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At a stage of life when German law students habitually prepare to finish their studies by intravenously absorbing law at commercial preparation courses, American law student Duncan Kennedy had a somewhat different notion. In a law review article he virtually pulled to pieces what he had experienced as Ivy League education at Yale Law School. In 1983, meanwhile a member of an Ivy League law school faculty, Kennedy resumed his critique in a self-published pamphlet widely known as the Little Red Book. Although being available only at the Harvard bookstore or via mail order from the author, Kennedy's statement has gained quite remarkable fame. It has been reviewed by the most esteemed law reviews, and has been quoted and widely discussed among legal scholars. Now the Little Red Book has even formally arrived in the ivory tower of legal academia: handsomely published, equipped with a fore- and afterword by the author, encompassed by thoughtful essays and, yes, gold letters engraved on the spine. The typescript of the original book however, once consciously produced in a semi-professional manner with a circulation of around 3000 copies, has been preserved. Thus readers do hold the original text in their hands, despite gold gravure.
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Mota, Ana Rita, Tomás Abecasis, and Pavel Molek. "Seminar on VAT on Financial Services at the University of Lisbon." Intertax 39, Issue 2 (February 1, 2011): 98–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi2011009.
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The Seminar on value added tax (VAT) on Financial Services was the fifth part of the postgraduate course in advanced tax law Key Topics in European VAT, that was organized on 26 June 2010 at the Law Faculty of University of Lisbon by Instituto de Direito Económico Financeiro Fiscal (IDEFF). This seminar had a real ‘star cast’: Professor Dr Ben J. M. Terra and Dr Oskar Henkow from School of Economics and Management of the Lund University, Professor Dr Joachim Englisch from University of Münster and Dr Rita de la Feria from the Centre for Business Taxation, Oxford University. Even the eruption of the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull was merely able to cause for postponement, rather than cancelling of this meeting between four of the best experts on VAT in Europe. In this meeting they shared their knowledge with the participants of the Seminar and the course Key Topics in European VAT – readers of INTERTAX can now access it too via this report.
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McLane-Davison, Denise, Sharlene Allen-Milton, Paul Archibald, and Robert Holmes. "Of Common Bonds: Accounting for Intergenerational Culture Competency in Community Policing." Race and Justice 9, no. 1 (November 20, 2018): 8–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2153368718810368.
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Community policing is grounded in a set of knowledge and skills that promotes a collaborative relationship between community residents, law enforcement, public and private industry, and governing elected officials to achieve safe and sustainable communities. In the fall of 2016, on the heels of the Department of Justice Civil Rights Division’s Investigative Report, a cohort of Morgan State University’s School of Social Work faculty, trained in the results-based accountability (RBA) model, developed and implemented an interactive workshop on cultural competency with 70 community partners from law enforcement. Cultural competence is an inherit cornerstone of a viable community and police partnership. This article shares how outcome-based performance strategies such as RBA can facilitate a pathway for enhancing community generational cultural competence leading to public safety.
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McCabe, Donald L., Janet M. Dukerich, and Jane E. Dutton. "Context, values and moral dilemmas: Comparing the choices of business and law school students." Journal of Business Ethics 10, no. 12 (December 1991): 951–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00383799.
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Owusu, Godfred Matthew Yaw, Rita Amoah Bekoe, Fred Kwasi Anokye, and Festus Odotei Okoe. "Whistleblowing intentions of accounting students." Journal of Financial Crime 27, no. 2 (January 13, 2020): 477–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-01-2019-0007.
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Purpose This study aims to investigate the intentions of a section of Ghanaian university students towards whistleblowing and the factors that predict such intentions. Design/methodology/approach This study used the survey method of research, and data was gathered through the use of questionnaires. A total of 524 accounting students from the University of Ghana Business School participated in the survey. The structural equation modelling technique was used to analyse the data. Findings The findings of this study show that the sampled students have greater intentions to report wrongdoings when detected and that majority of the students would prefer to use internal mechanisms for reporting purposes than using external means. Further, the study found students’ attitude towards whistleblowing and subjective norm to be key predictors of internal whistleblowing intentions whereas perceived behavioural control was found to have a positive influence on the intention to blow the whistle externally. Research limitations/implications Findings of this study have implications for policymakers who have a keen interest in enhancing whistleblowing activities and whistleblower protection. Originality/value This study provides some insights into the whistleblowing intentions of students. An understanding of the views of students towards whistleblowing and the factors driving their intentions should be useful to organisations that may use these students upon graduation.
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Pamungkas, Bambang, and Ina Wardani Latifah. "Penyusunan Laporan Keuangan Menggunakan Sistem Akuntansi Instansi (Studi Kasus Pada Sekolah Menengah Kimia Analis Bogor)." Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Kesatuan 1, no. 2 (July 25, 2018): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37641/jiakes.v1i2.40.
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Law No. 17/ 2003 on State Finance requires form and content of accountability report of APBN/ APBD implementation must be arranged and presented in accordance with governmental accounting standard set by government regulation. Law No. 17/ 2003 is on State Finance and law No. 1/ 2004 on Government Treasury. Accounting Institution System is a series of manual and computerized procedures starting from data collection, recording, abstracting, financial position reporting and financial operations at the ministry/ institution. Institution Accounting System (SAI) consists of Financial Accounting System (SAK) and Management Accounting System of State-owned Assets (SIMAK-BMN).
Analyzing the procedures of Institution Accounting System (SAI) is important in the process of composing financial statements for the purpose of financial accountability comprising Budget Realization Report, Balance Sheet, Note of Financial Statement and Management of State-owned Assets (BMN). Institution Accounting System (SAI) plays an important role in composing financial reports at Bogor Chemistry Analyst High School (SMAKBO) located in Jalan Binamarga I Ciheuleut, Baranangsing, Bogor Timur. It’s very influential in composing financial statements as well because each report received always use Institution Accounting System (SAI) from the beginning of expenditure process untill the data is entered into the Institution Accounting System (SAI).
The purpose of this analysis is to determine how is the human resources that run the Institution Accounting System and to find out the implementation procedure of the Accounting System of Budget Users Authorization Unit and also the integration procedures of the accounting system of Budget Users Authorization Unit to Institution Accounting System (SAI). The result of the analysis of financial statement is that the procedure implemented by SMAKBO has been in accordance with the existing regulations, so that producing good and accountable financial reports.
After the definition of each component of Institution Accounting System and Financial Statement has been known, It can be concluded that in carrying out procedure and financialstatement reporting it should be in accordance with the prevailing regulation and should be on time in order to yield good financial statement. And in fact, the Institution Accounting System (SAI) at Bogor Chemistry Analyst High School (SMAKBO) has been applied well, and it needs to be maintained.
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Cooc, North. "Disparities in the Enrollment and Timing of Special Education for Asian American and Pacific Islander Students." Journal of Special Education 53, no. 3 (March 22, 2019): 177–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022466919839029.
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School districts in the United States are required to monitor the overrepresentation of students of color in special education, yet recent studies have challenged these trends and suggest students of color may be underrepresented for services guaranteed under federal law. Missing in many of these discussions on disproportionality are the needs of Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPIs), a group consistently underrepresented in special education. Previous studies, however, do not examine the vast heterogeneity in experiences among AAPIs and how special education trends may differ across AAPI ethnic subgroups. Using longitudinal data on 10 cohorts of 42,807 total kindergartners from a school district over a 10-year period, this study probes deeper into underrepresentation by disaggregating participation trends and the timing of services for 11 AAPI ethnic subgroups. Results indicate that most AAPI student groups are underrepresented in special education and first receive services later than White peers. These patterns remain even after accounting for student background, level of acculturation, and school fixed effects.
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Rahayu, Devi, and Syamsul Fatoni. "COMMERCIAL SEXUAL EXPLOITATION OF CHILDREN: AN EFFORT OF HANDLING AND LEGAL PROTECTION." Yustisia Jurnal Hukum 8, no. 2 (October 1, 2019): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/yustisia.v8i2.25246.
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<p>This article examines efforts to protect and deal with government, law enforcement agencies and assistants or NGOs in preventing and eradicating commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC). In Indonesia there are many child trafficking in border areas and cities like Surabaya, which are identified as sending, transit and destination cities. The research type used is the juridical empirical study namely the effectiveness research of regulations enforcement on child protection. Primary data obtained from experience experienced by children and the family, law enforcement, government and companion Non Governmental Organization (NGO). Data collection techniques carried out by the interview method and FGD. The results showed that the commercial sexual exploitation of children is an act of human trafficking because the purpose of sexual action is to obtain money or other goods with the children, sex service users, liaison and related parties. The highest educated victims of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children (CSEC) are high school and are in an economically inadequate condition, broken home, and the influence of uncontrolled social media.</p><p> </p>
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Lola Cassiophea and Vontas Alfenny Nahan. "THE USE OF WATERPASS FOR STUDENT OF MODELLING DESIGN AND BUILDING INFORMATION (MDBI) DEPARTMENT AT SMKN 1 BANAMA TINGGANG, PANGI VILLAGE, REGENCY OF PULANG PISAU, PROVINCE OF CENTRAL KALIMANTAN." BALANGA: Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi dan Kejuruan 10, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37304/balanga.v10i2.8093.
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SMKN 1 Banama Tingang is a vocational school located on 3 Padat Karya St, Pangi Village, Regency of Pulang Pisau. This school has three departments namely Welding Technology Department, Building Technology Department, and Accounting Department. Welding Technology Department is a department with the least number of students in the school which reflected the low interest in this department. One of reasons for that is due to misperception that this department is for construction worker. Another reason is due to lack of facilities for practice such as water pass. Therefore, one of solutions is to conduct the training for the use of water pass to measure land. During the training it can be seen that the interest in this department is increasing. Many questions were asked by students on how to use water pass. In the training, students were divided into several groups to match the number of water pass brought in this training. Students of PTB were actively involved to assist in the training. The training results showed that the interest of the student had increased, not only students from Building Department, but also from another departments. This indicates that the training was useful especially for the students of the school as well as PTB students involved in the training.
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이기형. "A Study on Psychological Factors of Commercial High School Students Affecting the Level of Satisfaction in the Study of the Principle of Accounting." Korea International Accounting Review ll, no. 34 (December 2010): 217–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21073/kiar.2010..34.010.
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Paschall, Mallie J., Robert L. Flewellng, and Joel W. Grube. "Using Statewide Youth Surveys to Evaluate Local Drug Use Policies and Interventions." Contemporary Drug Problems 36, no. 3-4 (September 2009): 427–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009145090903600305.
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This article summarizes two studies that use statewide school-based youth surveys to evaluate local initiatives to reduce alcohol and other substance abuse. The Vermont New Directions evaluation was conducted to assess the effects of a community-based intervention in 23 Vermont communities to reduce youth substance use. Outcome data were obtained from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey, which is administered to students in grades 8 through 12 every other year in almost all school districts in the state. Based on a quasi-experimental design, results indicated significant declines in cigarette and marijuana use in intervention districts relative to comparison districts during the study period, and led to legislative action to continue funding the initiative. The Oregon Reducing Youth Access to Alcohol study is now being conducted in 36 Oregon communities (45 school districts) with a randomized controlled design to evaluate six combined environmental strategies to reduce underage drinking. The strategies include a reward and reminder program and minor decoy operations to reduce commercial alcohol availability, party patrol dispersal and minor in possession arrests to reduce social alcohol availability, traffic emphasis, and media advocacy to increase visibility of policy enforcement activities.
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Raszewska-Skałecka, Renata. "Wybrane segmenty otoczenia administracji publicznej w sferze edukacji i ich wpływ na oświatę samorządową w zakresie wykonywania zadań oświatowych." Przegląd Prawa i Administracji 111 (February 28, 2018): 159–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0137-1134.111.11.
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SELECTED SEGMENTS OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ENVIRONMENT IN THE EDUCATIONAL SPHERE AND THEIR IMPACT ON MEETING EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES BY LOCAL GOVERNMENTThis paper is to outline selected segments of the environment of public administration in the light of the ongoing changes in the educational sphere and their impact on the local government education within dynamic transformations and complexity of educational objectives. Education is aconstitutional right and social duty of citizens, public objective and aprerequisite for social, state, cultural and economic development. Since the nineties of the 20th century the Polish school and schooling system has been striving to accommodate to educational transformations and changes in unstable environment.The transformation process in the contemporary school and educational system is visible on the background of global changes, i.e. global access of students to knowledge, global access of graduates to labour markets, global context of school management, global trends in educational markets, commercial value of knowledge, or competition in educational services. School as an institution has been undergoing constant evolutionary change. An example of this is the educational reform that has became apriority among transformations of various spheres of social, economic, cultural life, and local and global challenges, such as the Poland’s accession to the European Union in 2004. School transformations in the age of globalisation are essential, as they are triggered by scientific and technological progress and changeable educational challenges and social expectations. Unstable environment affects changing educational objectives, tasks, goals of educational policy, forms and methods of activities, organisational structures of schools, scope of law regulations, school personnel, and education participants. Changes in the Polish education and schooling system are the result of the pace of political transformation, globalisation processes and the European integration processes.
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Holley, Sasha. "The monitoring and enforcement of labour standards when services are contracted out." Journal of Industrial Relations 56, no. 5 (March 6, 2014): 672–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185614523277.
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This article demonstrates that by contracting-out government services, the employment relationship has changed: workers’ labour standards are now regulated through the combination of traditional labour law mechanisms and lesser understood contract law mechanisms. This has changed the regime of regulation and enforcement of labour standards for employees performing services that have been contracted out, in ways that deserve more attention. Evidence is drawn from a case study of New South Wales (NSW) government school cleaners, conducted between October 2010 and April 2011, which finds that cleaners’ labour standards are regulated predominantly through commercial contracts for services. This is concerning because contracts are designed to facilitate commercial objectives such as competition and efficiency, and are poorly designed to protect labour standards. When used as a mechanism to enforce labour standards, contracts fail to meet the requirements of responsive regulation; contracts have limited enforcement tools and a weak credible threat of a ‘big stick’ style of punishment for infringements.
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Arnokouros, Georgios I. "The Transposition of the Consumer Sales Directive into the Greek Legal System." European Review of Private Law 9, Issue 2/3 (June 1, 2001): 259–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/359020.
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The Greek Civil Code has been drafted mostly as a result of the influence of the Pandectists school of legal thought. Its historical roots account for that trait. Therefore, the implementation of the Consumer Sales Directive poses similar challenges to the Greek legal system, as it does to other legal systems of the Germanic family. However, certain issues may be unique, such as the current legislation on commercial guarantees, the existing definition of the notion of consumer, the place which consumer law occupies in the legal system as a whole and the associated implications for the process of transposition of the Directive into the Greek legal system. Nevertheless, that which has not been very much discussed in the legal literature -and this contribution aspires to inform the international readership- is the overall attitude of the private law experts in Greece towards the revision of the Civil Code, on the one hand, and the harmonisation of European Private Law on the other.