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1
Aral, Sinan. "Essays on information, technology and information worker productivity." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39003.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2007.Includes bibliographical references.
I examine how information technology (IT) skills and use, communication network structures, and the distribution and flow of information in organizations impact individual information worker productivity. The work is divided into three essays based on the task level practices of information workers at a midsize executive recruiting firm: Essay 1: "Information, Technology and Information Worker Productivity: Task Level Evidence." I develop and econometrically test a multistage model of production and interaction activities at the firm, and analyze correlations among network structure, characteristics of information flow and real economic output. I find that (a) IT use is positively correlated with non-linear drivers of productivity; (b) the structure and size of workers' communication networks are highly correlated with performance; (c) an inverted-U shaped relationship exists between multitasking and productivity such that, beyond an optimum, more multitasking is associated with declining project completion rates and revenue generation; and (d) asynchronous information seeking such as email and database use promotes multitasking while synchronous information seeking over the phone shows a negative correlation. These data demonstrate a strong correspondence among technology use, social networks, and productivity for project-based information workers.
(cont.) Essay 2: "Network Structure and Information Advantage: Structural Determinants of Access to Novel Information and their Performance Implications." I examine relationships between social network structure, information structure, and individual performance. I build and validate a Vector Space Model of information diversity, develop hypotheses linking two key aspects of network structure - size and diversity - to the distribution of novel information among actors, and test the theory using data on email communication patterns, message content and performance. Results indicate that access to diverse, novel information is related to network structure in non-linear ways, and that network diversity contributes to performance even when controlling for the positive performance effects of access to novel information, suggesting additional benefits to network diversity beyond those conferred through information advantage.
(cont.) Essay 3: "Organizational Information Dynamics: Drivers of Information Diffusion in Organizations." I examine drivers of the diffusion of different types of information through organizations by observing several thousand diffusion processes of two types of information -'event news' and 'discussion topics' - from their original first use to their varied recipients over time. I then test the effects of network structure and functional and demographic characteristics of dyadic relationships on the likelihood of receiving each type of information and receiving it sooner. Discussion topics exhibit more shallow diffusion characterized by 'back-and-forth' conversation and are more likely to diffuse vertically up and down the organizational hierarchy, across relationships with a prior working history, and across stronger ties; while news, characterized by a spike in communication and rapid, pervasive diffusion through the organization, is more likely to diffuse laterally as well as vertically, and without regard to the strength or function of relationships. The findings highlight the importance of simultaneous considerations of structure and content in information diffusion studies.
by Sinan Aral.
Ph.D.
2
Woody, Jeffrey L. "A classroom information management system /." Connect to unofficial online version of: A classroom information management system, 2005. http://minds.wisconsin.edu/bitstream/1793/18751/1/WoodyJeff.pdf.
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Van, Alstyne Marshall W. (Marshall Ware). "Information quantity assessment : bases for managing the information resource." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13035.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 1991.Title as it appears in the M.I.T. Graduate List, Sept. 1991: Valuing information.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 85-89).
by Marhsall W. Van Alstyne.
M.S.
4
Naranjo, Patricia L. (Naranjo Olivares). "How does the information environment affect information asymmetry around earnings announcements?" Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/97316.
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Thesis: Ph. D. in Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 37-39).
This paper shows that the information environment is an important determinant of private information acquisition and changes in information asymmetry around earnings announcements. I create a sample of earnings announcements from 39 countries and investigate whether firm and country-level variation in the information environment affects private information acquisition. To do this, I examine the level of information asymmetry before and during earnings announcements. A stronger firm-level information environment is (1) negatively related to changes in pre-event information asymmetry and (2) positively related to changes in event period information asymmetry. Similarly, a stronger country-level information environment is associated with the firm-level information environment having a stronger effect on information asymmetry before the announcement and a weaker effect during the announcement.
by Patricia L. Naranjo.
Ph. D. in Management
5
Armanet, Francisco 1963, and Ching-li Jimmy 1958 Wong. "A study of home informatics and a business plan for family information software." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9559.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 1999.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 105).
Information technology has been a dominating tool in many industries. Computer sales in home segment accounts for 33% 1 Although Personal Computers are becoming more and more popular, home information management is relatively limited. According to the U.S. Bureau of Census, there were 22.8% of household have personal computer in 1993. By the linear interpolation of 1984, 1989, and 1993 data, PC penetration in US household should be 37% or higher by year 2002 However, the 1998 survey conducted by NIT A of Department of Commerce revealed that the household PC penetration has reached 36.6% in 1997. Bill Gates predicted that PC penetration at household will reach 60% in year 2001. The high penetration rate of PCs in the household did not reflect the success of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) type of integrated solution for the home IT applications. According to Forrester Research, "The basic windows metaphor is over 25 years old, and Microsoft is failing to advance the user interface. Vendors like Apple, MetaCreations, or America Online have the opportunity to graft distinct and consumer-focused interfaces on top of Windows" [Forrester Research, 1999]. As the PC platform reaching its maturity as stable processors and operating systems, there is a slow down in PC related technology innovation. In home informatics, we believe that there are three important issues related to the diffusion of family information management: 1. Home PC network. 2. Home automation. 3. Family oriented user interface This study will investigate what hindrance the development of home informatics, particularly in family information management. The focus has been placed on the user interface applications. A new concept for PC user interface, Homesoft, is proposed with a prototype demonstration. With this new interface, PC manufacturers and Internet portal service providers can utilize this concept to develop a more user-friendly system for American families. Homesoft will provide an integrated solution for domestic applications just like the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system for enterprises. This proposed concept will include technical specifications for hardware (Electronic pen and tablet), Software (event planning, communication, time management, and information support systems), and their interfaces (simple and family-oriented). In addition to the technical concept, the market research and financial plan with feasibility analysis are the essences for this research study. The business plan for Homesoft is created as an exercise for taking a software concept into a business development project.
by Francisco Armanet [and] Ching-li Jimmy Wong.
M.B.A.
6
Davidson, Elizabeth J. "Framing information systems requirements : an investigation of social cognitive processes in informatin system delivery." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11178.
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Yung, Kai-chiu. "Success factors of computer-based information systems in Hong Kong secondary schools." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42574535.
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Bowmaker, Luke. "A customisable management information system for Woodkirk High School /." Leeds : University of Leeds, School of Computer Studies, 2008. http://www.comp.leeds.ac.uk/fyproj/reports/0708/Bowmaker.pdf.
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Duffy, Juliet (Juliet Maria). "Information management using Web 2.0 technology." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/50100.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering; in conjunction with the Leaders for Manufacturing Program at MIT, 2009.Includes bibliographical references.
Web 2.0, the ultimate platform for tacit based knowledge work has finally arrived. User driven, collaborative platform based tools including wikis, web mash-ups, discussion boards, linkage based search engines, and tagging have the potential to vastly change how information is managed and how knowledge work is captured. This thesis investigates how the new paradigms and tools of Web 2.0 can be applied to the Pharmaceutical Industry and assist with information management at The Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research (NIBR). Applying Web 2.0 tools to NIBR's chemical compounds, targets, assays, people, and projects in a well thought out framework has the potential to yield tremendous productivity improvements in the drug discovery process. Effectively harnessing the collective intelligence of thousands of scientists within Novartis's worldwide research network will enable a paradigm shift. A large, extremely knowledgeable user community can more effectively annotate metadata, hyperlink to important content, establish tags, and collectively author content. Such activities will not only improve the search ability of information but also allow important scientific connections to emerge linking biology to chemistry and furthering Novartis's understanding of disease.
by Juliet Duffy.
S.M.
M.B.A.
10
Loh, Lawrence. "The economics and organization of information technology governance : sourcing strategies for corporate information infrastructure." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12545.
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Carey, David R. "Information technology : attitudes and implementation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14534.
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Ueno, Yoshinobu 1965. "Information technology as competitive advantage in supply chain management." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9981.
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Thesis (S.M.M.O.T.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Management of Technology Program, 1998.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 73-77).
by Yoshinobu Ueno.
S.M.M.O.T.
13
Ryan, Cynthia A. (Cynthia Anne) 1961. "Sustainable competitive advantage through information technology." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9193.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2000.Also available online on DSpace at MIT.
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 48).
This paper discusses the difficulty of achieving sustainable competitive advantage through information technology. While information technology proliferates and innovations arise frequently, few companies have been able to use IT to remain leaders in their industries. Using a framework proposed by Michael Scott Morton, this paper examines how one firm, Capital One Financial, has created sustainable competitive advantage through a powerful combination of its information technology, strategic planning, and organizational design. The first section provides an introduction and information about the Scott Morton framework. Section two provides background information about the credit card industry and Capital One;s history. The third section analyzes why Capital One's advantage has been sustainable to date and includes discussion of strategic, economic, organizational and technical reasons. Section four analyzes the risks to Capital One's advantage in the future and includes discussion of technicalogical risks, organizational risks and customer risks. The final section includes a summary and some conclusions.
by Cynthia A. Ryan.
M.B.A.
14
Bhansali, Sumit Milap. "Essays on impact of information technology." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40861.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2007.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references.
The five essays in this dissertation look at how specific information technologies (such as Electronic Document Management (EDM), Semantic Web and RuleML) and IT in general can be used to automate and standardize data and processes, enable faster and more accurate information flow, and improve individual as well as firm performance. The first essay is an analytical review-type study in which we provide a comprehensive survey of research literature about different complementary organizational assets that when coupled with IT can lead to higher firm performance. In the second essay, we study the causal effects of digitizing work on information workers' time- use and performance at a large insurance firm. We make causal inferences and obtain unbiased estimates by exploiting a quasi-experiment: the phased introduction of Electronic Document Management (EDM) across multiple offices at different dates. In addition to large changes in time-use and performance, we find that digitization leads to a decline in the substitutable routine labor input and an increase in complementary non-routine cognitive labor input at the information worker level. We also uncover a new micro-level mechanism, "IT-enabled slack", that explains how exactly IT can lead to payoff in terms of information worker productivity. In the third essay, we examine the IT productivity relationship using a large primary source firm-level dataset about IT investments that spans the 2003-2005 period. Given results from previous studies, we present evidence of an inverted U-shaped returns curve, with returns now close to what they were in pre-Internet era. The fourth essay explores what high-performing firms specifically do to gain the greatest benefits from their IT investments.
(cont.) Through a set of matched interviews with multiple respondents at 138 firms, we find that data/process standardization and systems integration, level of application integration and several IT-specific cultural elements are positively correlated with IT impact on customer satisfaction. The fifth essay shows the first detailed realistic e-business application scenario that exploits capabilities of the SweetRules V2.1 toolset for e-contracting using the SweetDeal approach. SweetRules is a powerful integrated set of tools for semantic web rules and ontologies. SweetDeal is a rule-based approach to representation of business contracts.
by Sumit Milap Bhansali.
Ph.D.
15
Morelli, Mark Damian. "Evaluating information transfer in product development." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34320.
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Liao, Kenny Ghen-yue 1966, and Luis Alberto 1967 Reátegui. "Information technology outsourcing in emerging markets." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/26892.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 84-85).
Information Technology (IT) firms can better differentiate themselves and achieve improved profitability through IT outsourcing business. This can be explained by using Hax and 'Wilde's Delta Model. Several IT firms have successfully achieved these objectives in well-developed countries. However, this thesis argues that developing successful IT outsourcing business in emerging markets cannot be achieved simply by replicating previous experiences in well developed countries, as IT outsourcing is greatly influenced by the cultural factors and the macro environment of the local markets. This thesis discusses the factors through two perspectives. The first encompasses the factors influencing a firm's decision whether or not to outsource its IT functions. Those factors can be categorized into five different concerns: financial, resource, strategic, managerial, and cultural. The second perspective focuses on the eight critical factors for IT outsourcing projects to be successful, four inside and four outside the firm. For emerging markets, we use Michael Porter's Diamond Model to analyze how IT outsourcing business is influenced by the environment in which it is operating. To give an example of an emerging market, we have studied IT outsourcing business in China. We have conducted in-depth interviews locally with a variety of IT firms and corporate customers, and applied once more Michael Porter's Diamond Model to analyze our findings. This thesis identifies the market segments and reviews the critical success factors in each of them, and concludes with recommendations to IT firms on strategies for the IT outsourcing business development in China.
by Kenny Ghen-yue Liao and Luis Alberto Reátegui.
M.B.A.
17
Bergner, Christiane, and Thomas Köhler. "The link between information technology, performance management and school effectiveness." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-234339.
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In the last decades, several research studies have been executed on the key factors that influence school effectiveness. Taking state of the art literature into account, six broad areas can been identified: student, home, school and leadership, curricula, teachers and teaching/learning approaches. As part of the area of school and leadership, the overarching topic of performance management has been empirically tested to be an effective strategy for improving student outcomes. The role of organizational performance metrics and monitoring cannot be overstated as a success factor of an organization because they affect strategic, tactical and operational planning in setting objectives, evaluating performance, and determining future courses of action.
Consequently, the research project at hand aims to analyze, as a first step, the interrelation between the use of technology and performance monitoring and, as a second step, the impact of these management practices on the organizational effectiveness of schools. For that, an online survey is sent to about 20.000 principals in Germany. Statistical analysis will be conducted.
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Hu, Yu 1975. "Essays on Internet markets and information goods." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28829.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2005.Includes bibliographical references.
(cont.) provides explanations as to when and how incorporating them into advertising deals can be profitable. We argue that using these pricing models appropriately can give both the publisher and the advertiser proper incentives to make non-contractible efforts that may improve the effectiveness of advertising campaigns. It also allows the publisher and the advertiser to share the risk caused by uncertainty in the product market. We show that key factors that influence the use of performance-based pricing models are the importance of the publisher's incremental efforts, precision of click-through measurement, uncertainty in the product market, and risk aversion parameters. We also clarify issues that are being debated in the industry, such as how the importance of the advertiser's incremental efforts and existence of non-immediate purchases affect the use of performance-based pricing models. The third essay, "Renting versus Selling Durable Information Goods", studies whether a monopoly producer of a durable information good should sell or rent its good to consumers. We study whether the producer obtains a higher profit under a selling strategy or a renting strategy. Our analysis shows that the conventional wisdom that a durable good monopolist would always prefer renting to selling is no longer valid in the context of durable information goods, because of the existence of "individual depreciation". We find that a renting strategy leads to a higher producer surplus than a selling strategy does, when this individual depreciation parameter is high, i.e., the utility a durable information good provides to consumers decreases relatively ...
This dissertation consists of three essays on Internet markets and information goods. The first essay, "Consumer Surplus in the Digital Economy: Estimating the Value of Increased Product Variety at Online Booksellers", presents a framework and empirical estimates that quantify the economic impact of increased product variety made available through electronic markets. While efficiency gains from increased competition significantly enhance consumer surplus, for instance by leading to lower average selling prices, our present research shows that increased product variety made available through electronic markets can be a significantly larger source of consumer surplus gains. One reason for increased product variety on the Internet is the ability of online retailers to catalog, recommend and provide a large number of products for sale. For example, the number of book titles available at Amazon.com is over 23 times larger than the number of books on the shelves of a typical Barnes & Noble superstore and 57 times greater than the number of books stocked in a typical large independent bookstore. Our analysis indicates that the increased product variety of online bookstores enhanced consumer welfare by $731 million to $1.03 billion in the year 2000, which is between seven to ten times as large as the consumer welfare gain from increased competition and lower prices in this market. There may also be large welfare gains in other SKU-intensive consumer goods such as music, movies, consumer electronics, and computer software and hardware. The second essay, "Performance-based Pricing Models in Online Advertising", applies the economic theory of incentive contracts to the study of performance-based pricing models in online advertising and provides
by Yu (Jeffrey) Hu.
Ph.D.
19
Van, Alstyne Marshall W. (Marshall Ware). "Managing information : networks, value, policy, and principles." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9820.
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Hitt, Lorin M. (Lorin Moultrie). "Economic analysis of information technology and organization." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10711.
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Duan, Tianzhou. "Information effects in online and digital shopping." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/105083.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2016.Each essay also has its own abstract. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
This dissertation is comprised of three essays studying the effects of presenting various types of information to consumers in online and digital good shopping scenarios. The first essay considers how the choice of business model affects trial rates for mobile apps. Developers can offer consumers free and paid apps via several purchase methods, including in-app purchases. A series of four experiments show that consumers' dislike for firms that charge for mobile apps causes them to prefer free apps from developers who do not offer premium versions. In addition, consumers who are more likely to buy the premium version are also more likely to prefer in-app purchases. The current research demonstrates that the existence of premium versions and the purchase methods used can affect consumer choices toward the free versions of those apps. The second essay investigates how the distribution of a set of product ratings affects trust in those ratings. Online shopping allows consumers to view user ratings for products before purchasing. Since these ratings are provided by the seller, trust becomes a concern. Four experiments demonstrate that the mean and variance of a set of ratings can influence trustworthiness and ultimately purchase intention. Positive ratings are the least trusted, and increasing variance up to a point can improve credibility. The implication is that mostly positive ratings may be trusted more and cause higher rates of purchase than completely positive ratings. The third essay reveals the differences in the effects of knowing about a future or past missed deal on choice of which product to purchase. The popularity of Internet deal websites allows shoppers to discover both past and upcoming sales. Two experiments show that missing a past or future deal for a product can cause consumers to switch to a substitute product. However, future missed deals are weaker than past missed deals at causing this brand switching, especially if the brands are not strong. This is explained by the greater devaluation caused by missing a past deal than a future deal.
by Tianzhou Duan.
Would You Like In-App Purchases with That Mobile App? Effect of Premium Versions and Purchase Methods on Free App Trial Rates, by Tianzhou Duan -- How Product Rating Distributions Affect Consumer Trust, by Tianzhou Duan -- The Effects of Future and Past Missed Deals on Brand Switching, by Tianzhou Duan.
Ph. D.
22
Saunders, Adam. "Essays on information technology and intangible capital." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68967.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Vita.
Includes bibliographical references.
This thesis consists of three essays related to information technology and intangible capital. The first essay, "Valuing IT-Related Intangible Capital," examines the value of intangible assets in the firm. Using a panel of 130 firms from 2003-2006, we find that intangible assets are correlated with significantly higher market values beyond their cost-based measures. Moreover, we estimate that there is a 30-55% premium in market value for the firms with the highest organizational IT capabilities as compared to those with the lowest organizational IT capabilities. The second essay, "Has Information Technology Leveled the Competitive Playing Field?" analyzes the relationship between IT and ordinary (non-IT) capital and the competitive dynamics within U.S. industries. Using a panel of industry data from 1998-2005, when an industry becomes more IT intensive, there is more entry and expansion of firms (including entry of new small firms and expansion of large firms from the same and other industries). Yet there is also more turnover of small firms in the industry as well as concentration of the industry into large firms. In contrast, as an industry becomes more ordinary capital-intensive, there is less entry of small firms and fewer establishment openings by large firms; a lower rate of turnover by small firms; and fragmentation of the industry into small firms. In the third essay, "The Value and Durability of Patents in High-Tech Firms" (co-authored with Erik Brynjolfsson and Lorin Hitt), we use data on publicly traded high-tech companies from 1984-2002 to examine the relationship between the firms' market value and their patent-based intangible assets. We find that high-tech firms with patents that are cited by a wide variety of other patents in different patent classes are worth significantly more than firms with patents that are cited by a narrow range of patents. Patent generality is especially valuable in periods of change, when firms are no longer at the leading edge of innovation in a particular year. In these periods, we find that the value of diverse patents across technology categories is positive but not significant and that generality is comparatively more valuable than diversity.
by Adam Saunders.
Ph.D.
23
Wang, Albert 1977. "Information and trading patterns in financial markets." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17845.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2004.Includes bibliographical references.
This thesis consists of three chapters, each with implications on information and trading patterns in financial markets. Chapter 1: In most financial markets, dealers are given trading advantages meant to encourage liquidity provision. However, it is unclear if these advantages truly induce such trading. I test a unique dataset containing weekly trades and transaction prices of all dealers from the Taiwan Stock Exchange. Standard market-making models, such as Kyle (1985) and Grossman and Miller (1988), imply market maker trades and contemporaneous returns are negatively correlated. I find a strong positive correlation, implying that dealers do not provide liquidity. I develop a unique profit decomposition and find that dealers earn significant excess returns, in aggregate driven by information profits. Chapter 2: I explore cross-sectional returns earned with respect to trading strategies of dealers on the Taiwan Stock Exchange. First, I document the wide variation in dealer trading strategies, as measured by the correlation of their trades with stock returns, as well as the variation in total returns as well as information and market-making components of return. I find no characteristics that provide significant explanatory power for total returns, but several that significantly affect the individual components of returns. Information returns are strongly increasing in the correlation between contemporaneous dealer trades and stock returns. Market-making returns are decreasing in dealer size, number of stocks actively traded, and the aforementioned correlation. These results suggest that a policy of small dealers trading exclusively in a few stocks would be optimal to encourage market-making profits. Ironically, small dealers would be unable to absorb
(cont.) large liquidity imbalances. Chapter 3 (joint with Kin Wai Chan and Charles Chang): We explore how financial firms trade on in-house, US equity recommendations. We match the quarterly trades of financial firms with their own recommendations and document their trading patterns around recommendations. We find that net trade is generally more positive around upgrades than downgrades, and significantly so in the same quarter and quarter after the recommendation change. These empirical relations suggest that by and large, financial firms actually do "put their money where their mouths are".
by Albert Wang.
Ph.D.
24
Firat, Aykut. "Information integration using contextual knowledge and ontology merging." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/30013.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (p. 145-152).
With the advances in telecommunications, and the introduction of the Internet, information systems achieved physical connectivity, but have yet to establish logical connectivity. Lack of logical connectivity is often inviting disaster as in the case of Mars Orbiter, which was lost because one team used metric units, the other English while exchanging a critical maneuver data. In this Thesis, we focus on the two intertwined sub problems of logical connectivity, namely data extraction and data interpretation in the domain of heterogeneous information systems. The first challenge, data extraction, is about making it possible to easily exchange data among semi-structured and structured information systems. We describe the design and implementation of a general purpose, regular expression based Cameleon wrapper engine with an integrated capabilities-aware planner/optimizer/executioner. The second challenge, data interpretation, deals with the existence of heterogeneous contexts, whereby each source of information and potential receiver of that information may operate with a different context, leading to large-scale semantic heterogeneity. We extend the existing formalization of the COIN framework with new logical formalisms and features to handle larger set of heterogeneities between data sources. This extension, named Extended Context Interchange (ECOIN), is motivated by our analysis of financial information systems that indicates that there are three fundamental types of heterogeneities in data sources: contextual, ontological, and temporal. While COIN framework was able to deal with the contextual heterogeneities, ECOIN framework expands the scope to include ontological heterogeneities as well.
(cont.) In particular, we are able to deal with equational ontological conflicts (EOC), which refer to the heterogeneity in the way data items are calculated from other data items in terms of definitional equations. ECOIN provides a context-based solution to the EOC problem based on a novel approach that integrates abductive reasoning and symbolic equation solving techniques in a unified framework. Furthermore, we address the merging of independently built ECOIN applications, which involves merging disparate ontologies and contextual knowledge. The relationship between ECOIN and the Semantic Web is also discussed. Finally, we demonstrate the feasibility and features of our integration approach with a prototype implementation that provides mediated access to heterogeneous information systems.
by Aykut Firat.
Ph.D.
25
Kim, Heekyung Hellen. "Three essays in the economics of information technology." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/82293.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
The first chapter is to investigate the impact of a free on-line repository of research articles on the diffusion of their ideas measured by the citation counts. The key questions that this chapter answers are as following: 1) does a free on-line repository of research articles increase the diffusion of their scholarly ideas measured by their citations?; 2) who benefits from the free access? By using a dataset from the Social Science Research Network (SSRN), an open repository of research articles, and employing a natural experiment that allows the effect of free access separate from other confounding factors, this study identifies the causal effect of free access on the citation counts as well as shows a heterogeneous effect of free access on both supply and demand side. The second chapter is to study the correlation between CEO pay and information technology. The hypothesis is that IT increases "effective size" of the firm that a top manager controls and thus her marginal productivity. In turn, in an efficient market, the firms with a higher degree of information technology will reward their CEOs with a higher compensation. The third chapter is to examine whether firms that emphasize decision making based on data and business analytics ("data driven decision making" or DDD) show higher performance. Using detailed survey data on the business practices and information technology investments of 179 large publicly traded firms, this study finds that firms that adopt DDD have output and productivity that is 5-6% higher than what would be expected given their other investments and information technology usage. Furthermore, the relationship between DDD and performance also appears in other performance measures such as asset utilization, return on equity and market value. Using instrumental variables methods, this study finds evidence that the effect of DDD on the productivity do not appear to be due to reverse causality. These results provide some of the first large scale data on the direct connection between data-driven decision making and firm performance.
by Heekyung Hellen Kim.
Ph.D.
26
Koshal, Amit. "Information and self-selection in the PIPE market." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42332.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 44-49).
PIPEs (Private Investments in Public Equity) are unique in that they are negotiated privately between sophisticated investors and the public firm. As a result, the issue price deviates from the firm's stock price, often resulting in a substantial PIPE discount. However, only a limited set of firms issues equity at such a discount. PIPE issuers tend to be low quality, less transparent firms that cannot raise capital through traditional sources. As indicators of this quality, I examine the firm's accruals and audit quality in the year of its PIPE issuance. I find that the PIPE discount is more strongly associated with audit quality, and that firms with low quality auditors are issued at a 5% discount relative to comparable firms with high quality auditors. Much of this discount is due to self-selection, suggesting that higher quality PIPE issuers select high quality auditors.
by Amit Koshal.
Ph.D.
27
Anderson, Joshua David. "Disaggregated financial statement information in an unregulated environment." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/100055.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2015.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 67-71).
This paper examines whether disaggregated financial statement information during the late 1920's reduced information asymmetry. After controlling for firms endogenously selecting their level of disaggregation, I find that disaggregation reduced the information asymmetry between market participants and between the firm and outside investors. Disaggregators had lower bid-ask spreads and short sellers paid lower loan fees for borrowing disaggregators' stocks. In addition, disaggregators were more likely to raise capital in the following year. These results are consistent with firms using high-quality financial reporting to reduce information asymmetry even in the absence of regulation as a bonding mechanism.
by Joshua David Anderson.
Ph. D.
28
Umlauf, Steven R. "Empirical essays on information asymmetries in financial markets." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14091.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 1990.Title as it appears in the M.I.T. Graduate List, Jun. 4, 1990: Essays on asymmetric information in financial markets.
Includes bibliographic references.
by Steven R. Umlauf.
Ph.D.
29
Kazemi, Maziar M. "An information-theoretic approach to estimating risk premia." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118003.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: S.M. in Management Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2018.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 31-35).
Evaluation of linear factor models in asset pricing requires estimation of two unknown quantities: the factor loadings and the factor risk premia. Using relative entropy minimization, this paper estimates factor risk premia with only no-arbitrage economic assumptions and without needing to estimate the factor loadings. The method proposed here is particularly useful when the factor model suffers from omitted variable bias, rendering classic Fama-MacBeth/GMM estimation infeasible. Asymptotics are derived and simulation exercises show that the accuracy of the method is comparable to, and frequently is higher than, leading techniques, even those designed explicitly to deal with omitted variables. Empirically, we find estimates of risk premia that are closer to those expected by financial economic theory, relative to estimates from classical estimation techniques. For example, we find that the risk premia on size, book-to-market, and momentum sorted portfolios are very close to the observed average excess returns of these portfolios. An exciting application of our methodology is to performance evaluation for active fund managers. We show that we are able to estimate a manager's "alpha" without specifying the manager's factor exposures.
by Maziar M. Kazemi.
S.M. in Management Research
30
Berke, Katherine M. (Katherine Marie). "Evaluating investments in information technology : theory versus practice." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10880.
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Lockerbie, S. (Stephen). "Designing a management information system to support business school accreditation status." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2017. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201706022474.
Full textAbstract:
Oulu Business School required a management information system which would reduce the manual work requirements for AACSB reports and improve the overall data collection process. By employing design science research, it was possible to construct a detailed analysis of the requirements of Oulu Business School and model these into a set of objectives for the system. These requirements were extrapolated further, using Agile methodology, into a concise list of user stories which would form the backbone of the development process. To meet the needs of both the faculty and AACSB accreditation, Oulu Business School wanted to replace their current data collection process with a web-based information system. This system that would collect contribution information from all staff members and generate a variety of reports from the data collected on-demand.
Although there was a pre-existing system, it was not considered fit for purpose. Therefore, the project started from nothing. This allowed the team to gather concise requirements as well as using previously unused methodologies. To this end, we focused on using Design Science Research as this the study of how an information system behaves dependent on its overall purpose. In the main, the motivation for this research was the need to improve its data collection and information processing methods of the Oulu Business School.
By employing a combination of Agile development methodologies and design science methodologies, it was possible to build a very clear concept of what was to be developed and how. Design science provided the foundational knowledge required to define the nature of the system while Agile provided the tools for creating the artefact in an efficient and effective manner.
The artefact was created over a 5-month development period with 10 sprints, or iterations, in total. Overall, the project managed to achieve the majority of the goals that were set and produced a fully-fledged system which has entered full use by the Oulu Business School. Additionally, the success of the system has been such that Oulu Business School has continued developing OBSIC and is considering the possibility of offering the system to other accredited schools.
32
Chan, Erik Chi-Hein. "Management innovations at outstanding information technology companies and implications for China." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59131.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Over the past few decades, information technology has fundamentally changed the way we work as a society. Managers often forget that management itself also needs to change along with our evolving society. It is an opportunity, particularly, overlooked by manager's in China amidst rapid industrialization and the birth of a new generation of Chinese with transformed values. In this thesis, we will analyze five companies: Google, Zappos, Netflix, Alibaba, and W.L Gore for their recent successes in management innovation. Our goal is to distill a core set of principles we can learn from to recommend to venture entrepreneurs and managers looking to operate in China.
by Erik Chan Chi-Hein.
S.M.
33
Nagaraj, Abhishek. "Essays on the impact of digital information on innovation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/105079.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
The first essay describes how intellectual property (copyright law) might affect the diffusion of newly, digitized information. To evaluate this question, I focus on the digitization of a magazine as a part of the Google Books digitization project and estimate the impact of copyright on magazine issues on subsequent reuse of creative material on Wikipedia. I find that while digitization substantially increases the likelihood of reuse of digitized material on Wikipedia, copyright might substantially impede reuse. The impact of copyright is most pronounced for images as compared to text, for less popular material with fewer substitutes and when the underlying material is available in digital form. The second essay highlights maps as a new form of digital information and posits that the availability of publicly-provided maps is a crucial first step to fostering innovation and entrepreneurship. In order to examine this issue, I focus on the impact of the NASA Landsat satellite mapping program on shaping the level and distribution of new discoveries between firms in the gold exploration industry. By comparing regions that quasi-randomly did not receive mapping information due to technical failures in the satellites and cloud-cover in imagery with regions that received publicly-provided maps, I estimate that new maps almost doubled the likelihood of new discoveries in the global gold exploration market between 1950-1990 and also shifted the sources of new discoveries from larger senior firms to younger and smaller junior firms. The third essay continues to explore the role of maps in shaping innovation by focusing on the role of mapping information in shaping innovative behavior in a crowding context. I analyze the impact of the US Census TIGER street-mapping program on shaping innovative activity on OpenStreetMap, a popular online street-mapping community similar to Wikipedia, and used widely on the internet in applications like Foursquare, Apple Maps and Uber. I focus on an error in the use of TIGER information on OpenStreetMap due to which about 60% of the US map benefited from highly-accurate TIGER maps from the US Census while the other 40% did not. In a difference-in-difference framework, I find that counties that received accurate TIGER information were negatively affected on OpenStreetMap as measured by the number of active users, the number of contributions and importantly the production of follow-on knowledge.
by Abhishek Nagaraj.
A mapping lens for innovation -- Does copyright affect reuse? evidence from the Google Books Digitization Project -- The private impact of public maps-Landsat satellite imagery and gold exploration -- does open data spur online communities? evidence from crowdsourced mapping.
Ph. D.
34
Bakos, J. Yannis. "Interorganizational information systems : strategic implications for competition and cooperation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14299.
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Kooper, Laurence Stanley. "A composite information system for the Sloan Placement Office." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/61048.
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Tengberg, John C. F. (John Claes Fredrik). "Inter-organizational information sharing of customer data in retail." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/80678.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 51-53).
As massive online retailers are putting increasing pressure on the traditional brick-and-mortar retailers, new ways to compete for customers is needed. Identifying customers' behavior and understanding their needs could be a crucial way for firms to improve their competitive advantage. One way to better understand customers could be for retailers to collaborate and aggregate their customer data in order to gain more holistic understandings of customers. This thesis examines on a high-level how customer data is used in retail today and what new value can be generated by collaborating and aggregating customer data, both for businesses as well as for consumers. It then goes on to identify structures of customer data sharing that we observe today and what the underlying factors are for each structure. By projecting how these factors will evolve over time, different scenarios are drawn up of what we might expect to see in the retail industry in the future in terms of customer data sharing. The implications of those projections could possibly open up for new business opportunities, both for entrepreneurs as well as incumbent retailers.
by John C.F. Tengberg.
S.M.
37
Levine, Aaron J. (Aaron Joshua). "A competitive analysis of the online information services industry." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12079.
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Yakura, Elaine K. (Elaine Kazuko). "Practices of power : meaning and legitimation in information technology consulting." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12548.
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Sharp, Edward Ray. "The potential impact of information technology in the construction industry." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45694.
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Oesterlin, Ulf. "Value creation and value capture of advanced electricity meter information." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65815.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 107-112).
Advanced or smart metering has been a hot topic in the electricity community for several years. Despite the excitement about the technology, few business cases are actually able to justify the investment cost. One reason for the gap between costs and benefits is that major benefits such as avoided investments have long payback times and are difficult to monetize. However, another aspect which is largely overlooked is the value creation through nonelectricity market related business models. These business models range from advertising over customer profiling up to insurance or juridical usage of data gathered from advanced meters. This paper summarizes the finding of a number of studies on the value of smart meter information on electricity market related benefit and gives an overview of non-electricity market related business models. The paper gives quantitative estimates of the value for electricity related activities such as energy efficiency, avoided investment and dynamic pricing. In additional it provides a qualitative analysis of the value and barriers of nonelectricity market business activities. In addition to this the study also gives a short outlook on how this value might be captured and which players are best positioned to capture significant shares of the total created value.
by Ulf Oesterlin.
S.M.
41
Saint-Jacques, Guillaume B. "Essays on Information Technologies, Social Networks and Individual Economic Outcomes." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115661.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2018.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
This four-part thesis focuses on the effect of Information Technologies and individual economic outcomes. The first two papers investigate the relationship between technology and individual pay. The last two focus on connectivity through social and communication networks and labor market outcomes. The first paper offers a simple model of how technology may be reshaping the distribution of individual income in the US between 1960 and 2008. First, is shows fractal patterns of the income distribution, which indicate the presence of an increasingly unequal power law distribution at the top. Then, using IRS individual tax data, it shows two main trends: first, more and more individuals seem to draw their income from a Pareto distribution rather than a Lognormal distribution (typical of the "industrial economy"). Second, the tail index of the Pareto distribution seems to be getting lower, indicating increasing inequality at the top. The second paper investigates the relationship between Information Technologies and CEO Pay. It shows, both at the industry and at the firm level, that IT intensity seems to increase CEO Pay. It shows support for three distinct mechanisms: first, IT makes firms bigger. Second, it increases their effective size (the size effectively affected by CEO decisions). Third, it increases mobility of CEOs, possibly because managing IT-intensive companies requires relatively more general skills. The third paper is the first to match, at the individual level, complete Call Detail Records data with individual income for over 100,000 individuals. This allows to describe the associations between individual income and patterns of individual's social networks. We find that wealthier individuals have higher degree, much higher network diversity, higher local centrality, and more social engagement, but lower density and reciprocity in their individual networks. The last paper attempts a causal study of the relationship between social tie strength and individual labor market outcomes (measured as job mobility) using LinkedIn's People-You- May-Know randomizations. It shows an inverted U-shape relationship between tie strength and job transmissions, as well as a globally negative relationship between clustering coefficient and labor market mobility, suggesting that even individually, strong ties are not always more useful than weak ties.
by Guillaume B. Saint-Jacques.
Ph. D.
42
Goh, Cheng Hian. "Representing and reasoning about semantic conflicts in heterogeneous information systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10713.
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Silva, Jóse Fernando Camões de Mendonça Oliveira e. 1966. "Optimal after all : information-based explanations of behavioral decision phenomena." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9179.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2000."June 2000."
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 105-110).
by Jóse Fernando Camões de Mendonça Oliveira e Silva.
Ph.D.
44
Saint-Jacques, Guillaume B. "Information technology and the rise of the power law economy." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/103212.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: S.M. in Management Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 36-38).
We show that the dramatically increasing share of income going to top earners can be explained by the rise of the "power law economy" and argue this reflects increased digitization and networks. Specifically, tax data (1960-2008) show that a bigger share of individual incomes are drawn from a power law, as opposed to the long-established log-normal distribution. We present a simple theoretical model to argue that the increased role of power laws is consistent with the growth of information technology, because digitization and networks facilitate winner-take-most markets. We generate four testable hypotheses, and find they match the data. (1) Our model, incorporating power laws, fits the data better than any purely log-normal distribution, (2) the increase in the variance of the log-normal portion of the distribution has slowed, suggesting a slowing of skill-biased technical change, (3) more individuals now select into the power law economy, (4) there is more skewness within that economy.
by Guillaume B. Saint-Jacques.
S.M. in Management Research
45
Leong, Hein Hing. "Litigation against public companies that fail to disclose timely information." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90746.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: S.M. in Management Studies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 42-43).
Every year, between 150 and 200 class action lawsuits are filed against public listed companies in the United States. When disclosure of the lawsuits is made to the investing public, the stock prices of these companies usually react negatively with large declines. Yet, in each year, there are also many publicly listed companies that experience large daily declines without facing investors' wrath of a lawsuit. 152 class action litigation cases in the US were recorded for 2012. This paper investigates (i) what are the noticeable differences in headlines and news details between the litigation group and the comparable group; (ii) why some cases in the litigation group did not experience large stock declines and (iii) what are the common wrongdoings by the US-listed Chinese firms. The results reveal the following findings (i) the litigation group, with the exception of financial restatements and fraud, carry headlines that are similar to the comparable group but details indicate an overuse of optimistic statements that got them into trouble; (ii) companies in the litigation group that did not experience large stock declines on the disclosure date tended to be larger in market capitalization which made the disclosure loss relatively smaller than other companies that met with large stock declines. Yet, with smaller disclosure losses by these large companies, the average market capitalization loss on the disclosure date was larger than the companies that faced large percentage losses, thus suggesting a firm-effect in the results. Furthermore, these companies had more than twice the maximum dollar loss suggesting that their stock prices had been experiencing a slow but gradual decline over the class action period instead of a large loss on the disclosure date; (iii) Chinese firms differ from their litigation counterparts in that these companies have weak internal controls, performing actions that appear to treat the publicly-listed company as a sole proprietorship company.
by Leong Hein Hing.
S.M. in Management Studies
46
Kambil, Ajit 1962. "Electronic integration--designing information technology mediated exchange relations and networks." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12543.
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Lee, Jacob L. (Jacob Lye-Hock). "Integrating information from disparate contexts : a theory of semantic interoperability." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10797.
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Nieves, Rincón Maria de las. "Integrating systems for financial institutions services using composite information systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/61044.
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Lai, Kum-Yew. "Essays on object lens, a tool for supporting information-sharing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14651.
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Villiger, Daniel Edouard. "Information technology and human resource management : a case study of organizational learning." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14537.
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