Academic literature on the topic 'School: International Institute of Modern Letters'

School of Middle Eastern languages (Arabic, Hebrew and Turkish), as well as a number of languages of the Caucasus and Central Asia (Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan) is based on the intellectual heritage, tracing its history to the Department of Arabic Studies, established in 1871-1872 years when Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages. The department provides a high level of theoretical and practical teaching of modern Arabic literary language and the spoken language of a number of Arab countries. Department annually produces 20-25 international affairs Arabists working in international, political, economic, legal, journalistic and other areas in the Russian Federation, the CIS countries and abroad.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the formation and development of academic research in the field of international law at Koretskyi Institute of State and Law. Organizational origins of international law started with the creation of the state and legal sector in the system of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in 1949. Special attention is paid to the role of the outstanding student of international law in the creation of the Institute of State and Law, organization and implementation of legal research, in particular in the field of international law and the formation of the relevant scientific school. The objective development of international law in the second half of the 20th century was conditioned by the necessity of ensuring the international legal activity of Ukraine in the international arena, as one of the founding members of the United Nations. At this stage, the efforts of Koretsky and his associates were directed at the theoretical substantiation of the international legal standing of Ukraine, the study of the problems of the codification of international law, its sources, and the relationship to the internal law of states. The results of fundamental research in the field of international law contributed to the recognition of Ukrainian scholars to international legal science. Koretsky was recognized as one of the world’s leading figures and attracted by the international community to practical international legal activities in specialized United Nations bodies. He entered history as one of the founders of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. In the 1950s and 1960s, the development of Ukrainian international law was characterized by the active formation of its scientific school, the most prominent representatives of which were M. Mikhailovsky, N. Ulyanov, V. Sapozhnikov, etc. Their research has laid the foundation of the modern school of international law. The article analyzes their main works and theoretical positions that have become the patrimony of international legal science. During the 1970s and 1980s, the development of international legal science in Ukraine were characterized by the growth of its scientific potential, personnel growth of the school, expansion of the range of research. Since 1984, the position of Head of the Department of International Law and Comparative Law of the Institute has been held by V. Denisov, who ensured the organizational and methodological framework for studying relevant problems of international law. With the proclamation of Ukraine’s independence, the main tasks of the national science of international law are aimed at studying the problems of the implementation of the sovereignty of Ukraine. Over the past three decades, the results of research by scientists of international lawyers of the Institute have become dozens of individual and collective monographs that identified the main trends in the development of science of international law at the present stage. Today, the scientific school of international law is represented by such doctors of law as V. Denysov, V. Akulenko, O. Kresin and candidates of jurisprudence O. Didkivska, O. Pereverzeva, I. Protsenko, K. Savchuk, A. Smolii, M. Surzhinskyi, L. Falaleyev. A special attention in the article is devoted to the analysis of organizational and scientific activities of the directors of Koretskyi Institute, namely academicians B. Babiy and Yu. Shemshuchenko. Keywords: international law, school of international law, Institute of State and Law, scientific researches, international legal activity, stages of development of the school of international law.

Jan Klabbers is a Dutch Professor at the University of Helsinki. He is a Member of the Finnish Academy of Sciences and Letters, a member of the editorial board of the European Journal of International Law. Klabbers is the author of The Concept of Treaty in International Law (1996), An Introduction to International Institutional Law (2002, 3rd edition 2015), co-editor of Towards Responsible Global Governance (2018). Professor Klabbers has also published around 200 book chapters and articles (in the European Journal of International Law, International Organizations Law Review etc.) He is famous for delivering lectures during visiting positions at NYU Law School (2009-10), the Graduate Institute for International and Development Studies (2008, 2013, 2015), and the University of Paris-II and Paris-I (2011, 2017).

TheConferencewas organized and supported by:Nei Dan School(European School of Internal Martial Arts),NIB(Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Bioengineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Institute of Cardiology, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna),WACIMA(Worldwide Association Chinese Internal Martial Arts),Arti D’Oriente(Magazine of Eastern culture and traditions),Nuovo Orizzonte(Taiji Quan School in Florence),Samurai(Journal on Martial Arts), andPinus(First National Institute for the Unification of Medical Strategies). Nei Dan School (www.taichineidan.com, neidan@libero.it) was in charge of the organization. Future meetings of the Centro studi ‘Tao and Science’ will take place in spring 2007 in Firenze and in October 2007 in Bologna. For information: E-mail: neidan@libero.it; web site: www.taichineidan.com, www.taoandscience.com.

Abstract The School of History and the Institute for Global History of Beijing Foreign Studies University was founded in December 2017. It aims to become a significant platform in China for international scholars to conduct research on global history. The school offers course on the histories of China and regions across the world from a global perspective. In terms of research, it is the school’s goal to understand history through interactions, especially the interaction between China and the world in modern terms. The school pays special attention to the fields of the history of ideas, the knowledge transfer and scholarly exchange, and the cultural and linguistic contact between the East and the West.

This article focuses on the establishment and development of the scientific school of international law in the Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation. It is stated that the preconditions for the formation of the scientific school of international law dated back to the first half of the twentieth century. In this case, briefly reviewed the scientific legacy of the prominent members of the scientific school. A brief review of the main scientific publications is analyzed. It is proved that the study of contemporary issues such as sustainable economic growth, environmental wellbeing, combating international crime and corruption require to be engaged in concerted action the implementation of agreed actions and to develop mutually acceptable approaches and solutions. The development of scientific school of international law is based on the concept of maintaining a system of scientific ideas, representing a contribution to the development of several areas of modern international law and ensuring continuity in science.

Scientific life at the Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation, which will celebrate its 90th anniversary in 2015, is developing in various ways. Special place is occupied by scientific schools — sustainable community of scientists, developing concepts’ principles and systems, legal regulation mechanisms that ensure consistency and continuity of scientific research results. This article examines the impact of scientific analysis of foreign law and acts of international law on the development of the administrative law science at different development stages of one of the Institute’s oldest scientific schools — the School of Administrative Law. The article demonstrates the possibility of perception of positive scientific results, ideas, views and positions of leading scientists of the School through theory and practice of modern public administration in the process of finding legal solutions for regulation of new phenomena that require streamlining.

The paper describes outcomes of a study that was carried out within the research project of the Moscow State University of Psychology & Education called “The Scientific School of L.I. Bozhovich: Analyzing the Current Situation”. The study explored how the ideas developed within L.I. Bozhovich’s school of thought evolved at the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st; it revealed a growing interest in these ideas among scholars and an increase in the number of works aimed at gaining new data and refining Bozhovich’s concept in modern settings. The paper highlights the most essential features of current situation and future perspectives of Bozhovich’s school of thought and also gives a detailed overview of the International Conference “L.I. Bozhovich’s Scientific Legacy and Modern Psychology of Education” that was held in Moscow on September 24—25, 2018 by the Moscow State University of Psychology & Education together with the Psychological Institute of the Russian Academy of Education.

The article shows the results of international and Ukrainian experience on the development of information and communication competency of secondary education process participants, based on research and scientific achievements of academic staff of the Comparative Studies Department for Information and Education Innovations of the Institute of Information Technologies and Learning Tools of NAES of Ukraine. The main obstacles for school teachers towards the formation of computer-based learning process are underlined. The article justifies actuality, significance and necessity for creation, development and evaluation of the ICT competency in education, as well as it further investigation in order to make substantial recommendations on the improvement of education system.

The article presents the major accomplishments of the Institute of History of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus in recent years – the leading scientific organization in the field of fundamental and applied research on national and universal history, archaeology and anthropology, including organization and implementation of activities to study and preserve the historical, cultural and archaeological heritage of the country, practical application and popularization.In the year of the 90th anniversary of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus the Institute incorporates 5 centers: the Center of Archaeology and Ancient History of Belarus (including departments of archaeology of primitive society, archaeology of the Middle Ages and Modern times, the department of preservation and using of archaeological heritage, the department of history of Belarus in the Middle Ages and early Modern times); the Center of Modern and Contemporary History of Belarus (including departments of history of Belarus in modern times, the military history of Belarus, the department of the newest history of Belarus); the Center of History and Anthropology Related Sciences (including departments of genealogy, heraldry and numismatics, the department of source studies and archeography, the departments of historiography and methods of historical research, anthropology); the Center of General History and International Relations; the Center for History of Geopolitics.The Institute has an Archaeological Scientific and Museum Exposition, the Central Scientific Archive of NAS of Belarus (including the only one in the country Fund of archaeological research documents) and the International School of Historical and Archaeological Research.The article focuses on the achievements of scientists in the framework of fulfilling the tasks of the subprogram “History and Culture” of the state research program “Economics and Humanitarian Development of the Belarusian Society” for 2016– 2020, as well as the results that were included in the TOP 10 achievements of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, important publications, scientific and practical events, prospects for the development of scientific research.

Modern constitutional transformations, asserting a “value” legal understanding, actualize theoretical and practical problems of legislative regulation, serve as a prereq- uisite for rethinking the essence, role and significance of law in the life of society, and determine the formulation of a number of issues related, first of all, to the qualitative implementation of novelties. This collection reflects the diversity and depth of scientific discussions of the XV In- ternational school of young legal scholars on the topic “Constitution and modernization of legislation”, which was held by the Institute of legislation and comparative law under the Government of the Russian Federation in cooperation with the International Union of lawyers. In the context of a difficult epidemiological situation related to the spread of corona- virus infection, in order to protect the health of conference participants, the organizing Committee decided to hold the XV School remotely (by correspondence). For the first time, all its scientific events were held online. The participants had a unique opportunity to communicate with the direct developers of amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, present their reports in a new format.

The current issue of IMEMO series «Global Development» is based on the agenda of the eponymous international conference of young scholars, which was held at the Primakov Institute of World Economy and International Relations (April, 22–23, 2021) devoted to the Year of Science and Technology in Russia 2021. The collection of articles encompasses the area of economical and political transformations in the modern world. The book focuses on the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the configuration of economic, political and information issues, as well as military and energy security dynamics. Special attention is paid to the development of national and supranational strategies for responding to the pandemic. This edition is addressed to the researchers, political and economic analysts, high-school teachers, post-graduate students and broader range of those interested in the world economy, policy, and international relations.

The main milestones of the formation and development of astronomical science in Kharkiv during 1883–1945 are reconstructed on the example of the activities of the astronomical observatory of Kharkiv University. During this period, the outstanding worldview science in Kharkiv has achieved significant success: the works of Kharkiv astronomers have received world recognition; a well-known scientific planetary school has been established at the Observatory; the scientific community highly appreciated the research on the physics and chemistry of the Moon, the giant and small planets of the Solar System. The primary goal of the research is to inscribe the history of the university Observatory into the European and world context. Its purpose is to summarize the results of a comprehensive historical ad scientific study of the development of astronomical research in Kharkiv at the end of the 19th century – the first half of the 20th century and identification of ways of further scientific research. The completed research, which continues the problems of works devoted to the study of the history of astronomical science in Ukraine, focuses on expanding the well-known source base by attracting new retro-information resources. In particular, the monograph used a significant array of archival primary sources from almost twenty archival and library institutions of different countries. Most of them were introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, which allowed to determine and specify the sequence of stages of development of astronomical science in Kharkiv during the research period, to clarify and identify the little-known circumstances of the observatory life. The methodological basis of the study is the principles of historism, objectivity and a systematic approach to studying the problem. To solve specific problematic tasks in the monograph, general scientific and specially historical methods were used which allowed to study, analyze and summarize the presented factual material in a complex manner. The main sections of the monograph represent the dynamics of replenishment of the instrumental base of the university observatory, the chronology of the construction of the observatory complex of buildings at the location of the modern Scientific Research Institute of Astronomy of the V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. According to the author’s periodization, the stages of formation of subjects and directions of scientific work of university astronomers have been analyzed, including: seismic observations with the help of horizontal Rebeur-Paschwitz pendulums, research of the activity of the Sun, astrometric observations on the Repsold meridian circle of for the purpose of compiling a catalog of zodiac stars, studying lunar eclipses and meteor showers. The participation of university astronomers in the creation of the plan of the city of Kharkiv and its connection with the general network of precise geometric leveling of the Military Topographic Department of the General Staff; the organization of observations by an expedition of Kharkiv astronomers of the total Solar eclipse of 1914 in Henichesk; the creation of the School-workshop of precision mechanics at the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of Kharkiv University were considered; information on the participation of Kharkiv astronomers in the events of the civil war during the Ukrainian Revolution was documented. The scientific research activity of Kharkiv astronomers during 1920-1930-s which was devoted to carrying out important astrometric works on meridian observations of star declinations by absolute methods and observations of Kopf-Rentz stars according to the programs of the International Astronomical Union; the initiation of the creation of the Catalog of faint stars; research in astrophysics aimed at studying the physical conditions on the Moon and the Sun, planets and the interstellar environment; performing long series of spectrophotometric observations of the Moon, Jupiter, Mars and Saturn under different conditions of observation; study of the kinematics of stellar systems of different order, the physical parameters and evolution of stars, the morphology of the Galaxy, the nature of the stellar subsurfaces and atmospheres, dust and gas nebulae, new stars and the variability of stars have been considered; the directions of solid works carried out in the field of celestial mechanics, devoted to the dynamics of the minor planets of the Jupiter group, the definition and improvement of the orbits of minor planets have been clarified. The development of amateur astronomy in Kharkiv, in particular, the functioning of circles and societies that directed their activities to the dissemination of astronomical knowledge, was highlighted; the participation of their representatives in astronomical observations at the Kharkiv Astronomical Observatory was emphasized. Reconstructed the development of historical events in the 1930s related to the involvement of Soviet and Western astronomers in the processes of political confrontation between the USSR and the Western world; investigated the course of circumstances that prevented the implementation of the project of creating a new modern astronomical center of national importance – the central Ukrainian observatory in Kharkiv; the participation of an expedition of Kharkiv astronomers in the observation of the «great Soviet eclipse» – the total solar eclipse of 1936 – in the North Caucasus is highlighted; established the facts of political «purges» and repressions by the People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs ( the NKVD) in the Kharkiv Astronomical Observatory. The activity of the Kharkiv Astronomical Observatory has been documented and authentic biographical information about its representatives during the Nazi occupation of 1941–1943, the period of the German-Soviet war, has been presented; the unpopular facts of the forced collaboration of some scientists are highlighted; the process of recovery and reconstruction of the Kharkiv Astronomical Observatory after the liberation of the city is characterized. With the aim of researching the personal history of Kharkiv astronomy of the studied period, the monograph presents the results of a historical and biographical study of facts of life and scientific heritage of scientists who fully devoted themselves to Science, laid the foundations for the future development of many directions of modern astronomical research, made a significant contribution to the treasury of the national and European astronomical science, whose activities were connected with the Kharkiv Astronomical Observatory, in particular: Grigory Levytsky, Ludwig Struve, Mykola Evdokymov, Otto Struve, Mykola Barabashov, Boris Gerasimovich, Vasil Fesenkov, Oleksiy Razdolsky, Boris Ostashchenko-Kudryavtsev, Nicholas Bobrovnikov, Paraskovia Parkhomenko, Mstislav Savron, Boris Semeykin, Kostyantyn Savchenko and others (25 biographical essays are presented). A significant part of the mentioned factual material was also introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. A separate section of the monograph provides chronologically structured information that reflects the sequence of research work of the Kharkiv Astronomical Observatory employees during the period under study: from astrometric observations of stars and seismic research to spectrohelioscopic and spectroheliographic observations of the Sun and the initiation of the Kharkiv school of planetary science. It is assumed that the materials of the monograph will be used in research work devoted to the study of the process of institutionalization of astronomical research in Kharkiv at the end of the 19th century – the first half of the 20th century.

Gogol’s letters to his schoolmate G.I. Vysotsky are of great importance for Gogol’s biography research. Three of them were written in 1827, when Gogol was in the 8th form of the Nizhyn gymnasium, and Vysotsky, who graduated in 1826, served in Ministry of Finance in St. Petersburg. The letters have already reflected the peculiarities of Gogol’s literary style. The history of the letters’ autographs can be traced by means of marks and stamps on them, as well as by publications and archival materials. Two letters (dated January 17 and June 26, 1827) were first published in 1854 by P.A. Kulish, who then handed over autographs to O.M. Bodyansky, whose archive was later partially acquired by A.A. Titov. After his death the letters were received by the State public library, from where in 1929 they were transferred to the Institute of Archeology of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, and in 1955 they were transferred to the Institute of Literature of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, where they are kept now. A copy of Gogol’s third letter to Vysotsky (dated March 19, 1827), now in the Russian state archive of literature and art, was sent to Gogol’s biographer V.I. Shenrok from Nizhyn by I.I. Tsekhmistrenko in 1887. However, it was published for the first time not by Shenrock, but by S. Manukhin in the newspaper “Russian Courier” on May 9, 1888. In April 1890 the manuscript got into the library of the University of St. Vladimir in Kiev. The professor of the University P.V. Vladimirov published and commented on the text of the letter, indicated the addressee, gave a paleographic description in the work From Gogol’s school years... (1890). Now the autograph is kept in the Institute of Manuscripts of Nat. library of Ukraine.

Abstract Kafka first encountered the question of (in)attention while still at school, in psychology lessons which acquainted him with Herbart’s dynamic theory of the mind as the site of competing forces, and attention remains a besetting theme in his life and work. In his diaries and letters, Kafka bemoans his own wavering concentration, eroded by insomnia and the demands of work, family, and relationships, and yet in the reports he produced for the Workers’ Accident Insurance Institute, the instability of attention is cast as a statistical constant, as the inevitable product of the modern working environment. A very different picture emerges in his fiction. His earlier protagonists are chronically distracted, and even minor instances of distraction bring about disastrous consequences. In his later texts, in contrast, Kafka turns to the downsides of attention, and texts such as ‘The Burrow’ (1923) explore the (self-)destructive nature of excessive vigilance.

ABSTRACT The scientific report is dedicated to problems related to tennis at the Institute of Education, which participates in the processes of socialization to sports through sports programs. Research interest is also related to the opportunities for adequate socialization through tennis, as a major mechanism for maintaining social order in modern society. The aim of the empirical sociological research is to reveal some aspects related to the main forms of physical education classes for students and organized independent extracurricular activities in tennis in the system of Bulgarian school education and subsequent adequate socialization through sports. The object of this study are a total of 120 students from municipal and private schools in Sofia and Plovdiv. To solve the main tasks, achieve the goal and prove the hypothesis, a complex methodology of research of literature sources, observation, talk, content analysis is applied. Specially developed questionnaires were used. Based on an in-depth analysis of qualitative and quantitative data related to the issues in different schools, the attitude to the learning process is studied, different aspects of the activities are analyzed and practical measures for improving student preparation are outlined, including opportunities for additional funding for schools. Conclusion: knowledge and creative mastery of knowledge in this field of science and their application in practice changes in a positive direction the physical development and ability to work, and as a result the health and academic performance of students.

Modern society is often referred to as a society of knowledge and information. In this context, activating methods are experiencing a renaissance. Such methods offer students the opportunity to progress to perceive more accurately and comprehensively, recognize and experience stimuli, develop their perception and thinking, effectively solve problems, communicate and act objectively and successfully. It can be an active teaching and learning that is the way that can contribute to such a goal in the era of systematic cognition and differentiation of information, raising living standards, changing lifestyles, and globalizing the world. The question is how to bridge this epoch in the sense of preparing students for their active roles as inhabitants of the planet, accepting a responsible way of life in line with sustainable development. It is especially important for environmental education to understand the context and learn interdisciplinary, comprehensively, to be able to distinguish values, to take interest in and get to know one's surroundings, to discover, to take the initiative and to be sensitive and receptive as well. Therefore, it is necessary to think about the didactic methods that teachers use in their lessons and focus on activating methods and forms of teaching, leading to the fulfilment of such sub-objectives. In this context, the aim of the paper is to introduce and analyse new activating didactic approaches to the implementation of the cross-curricular topic “Man and the environment” as designed by graduate students of the Institute of Education and Communication at the Czech University of Life Sciences Prague between the academic years 2019 and 2020. Didactic approaches (such as project-based learning, field learning with the support of worksheets, and the use of nature educational trails) applicable in practice were designed for selected localities, focusing on increasing the interest and awareness of secondary and secondary vocational school students about their surrounding natural environment.