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Journal articles on the topic 'Scholarship schemes'
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1
Huang, Di, Yu Gu, Hans Wang, Zhiyuan Liu, and Jun Chen. "An Incentive Dynamic Programming Method for the Optimization of Scholarship Assignment." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2018 (August 12, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5206131.
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Scholarship assignment is an operations management problem confronting university administrators, which is traditionally solved based on administrators’ personal experiences. This paper proposes an incentive method inspired by dynamic programming to replace the traditional decision-making process in the scholarship assignment. The objective is to find the optimal scholarship assignment scheme with the highest equity while accounting for both the practical constraints and the equity requirement. Moreover, with the proposed method, the scholarship assignment avoids time- and energy-consuming application processes conducted by students. A solution algorithm is used to find feasible assignment schemes by iteratively solving a series of knapsack subproblems based on dynamic programming and adjusting the monetary value of a unit score. The optimal assignment scheme can then be screened out by applying the Gini coefficient for quantifying the equity of each feasible scheme. A numerical case is investigated to illustrate the applicability of the proposed method and solution algorithm. The results indicate that the proposed method is an efficient tool to assign scholarships to students with consideration of the equity.
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Rahman Balogun Muhammed Shittu, Abdul. "A study of the impact of athletic scholarship on football achievement motivation of university students." Hungarian Educational Research Journal 11, no. 1 (May 7, 2021): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/063.2021.00033.
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AbstractVividly, it is not an overstatement to say that football game is the most prominent sport in the recent world. The present study is about the impact of athletic scholarship on football achievement motivation of university students. Athletic type of scholarship helps students to discover, improve and exhibit their football talent and skills. It makes effective contributions to the development of sport within the campus and prepares ambitious and hardworking college or university athletes for the challenges of actualizing their long-term ambitions to become professional footballers. Considering both empirical cum theoretical contributions of this study, the finding practically provides the following suggestions. 1- the finding pinpoints the insights and importance of athletic scholarship and encourage the stakeholders of the university to cultivate the idea of athletic scholarships by extending their scholarship schemes beyond merit and needy bases. 2- It gives an insight that athletic scholarship enables the students to study any academic program and have tendency of becoming professional footballers. 3- importantly, it adds to the literature by investigating the impact of athletic scholarship on football achievement motivation of the students and how the stardoms of being a footballer in the campus affect the students' football interest.
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Loads, Daphne, Hazel Marzetti, and Velda McCune. "‘Don’t hold me back’: Using poetic inquiry to explore university educators’ experiences of professional development through the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning." Arts and Humanities in Higher Education 19, no. 4 (May 13, 2019): 337–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474022219846621.
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Institutional schemes that offer financial and other support to carry out Scholarship of Teaching and Learning projects have a valuable part to play in the personal and professional development of academic staff. We investigated the experiences of 12 recipients of the University of Edinburgh Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) Scheme awards, drawing on a poetic inquiry approach in order to understand what that development meant to them. We found that poetic inquiry surfaced stumbling points and frustrations as well as triumphs and transformation and provided insight into the kinds of emotional and practical support required by participants. Unexpectedly, it also shed light on methodological issues for the researchers.
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Amsar, Amsar, Rizal Munadi, and Ramzi Adriman. "SELEKSI BEASISWA UNTUK PERGURUAN TINGGI BERDASARKAN PENDEKATAN KEPUTUSAN BERKEADILAN DENGAN FUZZY MAMDANI." Jurnal Inotera 2, no. 2 (February 8, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.31572/inotera.vol2.iss2.2017.id28.
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The scholarship is one of the funding schemes of study in an education system. Various models and names of scholarship schemes are offered on terms that have been determined by the scholarship provider. The essence of these conditions is the trust and confidence of the funders of the scholarship recipients and is projected to complete the study period as per the allocated funds. In general, funders are very concerned about the issue of academic qualification as one of the main indicators. However, for prospective students who wish to pursue higher education from coming from orphaned families and from less financially qualified families, with good academic qualifications, not yet a parameter in the selection process of scholarship recipients. Based on this fact, this problem would like to find solution in this research and submitted the selection model of scholarship with fair decision approach. This study aims to design a fair decision-making system as a tool for selection of scholarship recipients that prioritize the values ??of justice by prioritizing scholarship recipients from among orphans and poor. This research proposes two methods: Fuzzy Mamdani and weighting method, with 4 input parameters which are used as variables: children status and economic level, residence condition, children achievement and family dependent. Simulation testing performed by considering the parameters set is a more effective and efficient decision model for the prospective scholarship recipients. To obtain a competent recipient, then the screening process by ranking to be declared passed the selection and received as the recipient of scholarship in accordance with the number of quotas provided. This selection model becomes an alternative and provides opportunities for orphans and the poor to continue higher education and improve the human resource index as well as meet national education goals.
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Nainar, Vahida. "The Legal Struggle of Gujarat Muslims to Access Pre-Matric Scholarships." International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 27, no. 3 (August 3, 2020): 662–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718115-02704002.
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Social and economic backwardness of Muslims in India in various fields, such as employment, education, housing and access to infrastructure, is well-documented, particularly in the Sachar Committee Report. Despite the constitutional promise of equality and non-discrimination, discrimination in various forms is the lived reality of Indian Muslims. Growing anti-Muslim prejudice in society and in the institutions of the State is responsible for Muslims’ inability to realise their rights to equality and non-discrimination. Often there is a legal struggle to enforce constitutionally guaranteed rights and access benefits in welfare schemes. This article discusses the legal struggle to access the pre-matric scholarship under the Prime Minister’s 15 Point Programme when the State of Gujarat refused to implement the scheme.
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Finlayson, Trevor R. "The Alexander von Humboldt Foundation: outcomes of support for Australian science and scholarship." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 127, no. 1 (2015): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs15009.
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Some of the funding opportunities through the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (AvHF), which are available to international researchers within any field of scholarship to enable them to pursue their research at any one of many German universities and other research institutes, are reviewed. Recent statistical data for research funding by the AvHF, with a particular focus on funding for Australian researchers, are outlined. These data clearly demonstrate the considerable success that has been afforded to Australian science and scholarship as a result of AvHF funding, by comparison with that from other research funding schemes. Some specific personal examples are discussed in order to illustrate the significant influence that funding from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation has had on Australian science and scholarship and the careers of many Australian researchers.
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Ross, AJ, and ID Couper. "RURAL SCHOLARSHIP SCHEMES A solution to the human resource crisis in rural district hospitals?" South African Family Practice 46, no. 1 (January 2004): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20786204.2004.10873025.
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Pavlidis, George. "A case of insufficient safeguards or state-enabled money laundering? ‘Golden Passport’ and ‘Golden Visa’ investment schemes in Europe." Journal of Investment Compliance 22, no. 2 (May 6, 2021): 170–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joic-01-2021-0002.
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Purpose To critically examine recent developments and proposals for the regulation and supervision of ‘golden passport’ and ‘golden visa’ investment schemes in Europe. We argue that FATF standards constitute an appropriate response to money-laundering risks associated with such investment schemes, but the EU needs to introduce further common rules, safeguards and control mechanisms in the aftermath of the recent scandal in Cyprus. Design/methodology/approach This paper draws on reports, legislation, legal scholarship and other open-source data to examine golden passport and golden visa investment schemes in the EU. Findings The EU has to forge a common approach to mitigate money-laundering risks associated with golden passport and golden visa investment schemes, taking into consideration the FATF standards. Originality/value This is the first study examining golden passport and golden visa investment schemes in the EU in the aftermath of the Cypriot scandal and proposing the overhaul of the EU legal framework in this regard.
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Cochrane, Thomas, and David Sinfield. "A Model for Designing Authentic Learning." Pacific Journal of Technology Enhanced Learning 2, no. 1 (November 11, 2019): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjtel.v2i1.29.
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Student internships and work experience schemes provide students with highly authentic learning experiences (Bosco & Fern, 2014). Therefore many university programmes include a job-experience element that students must demonstrate completion of, usually through a report signed by the employer that the student has managed to find work with over their summer break. Auckland University of Technology provides a summer student scholarship scheme that provides contestable scholarship funding for students to work on university specified projects over the summer break. Each scholarship requires 370 hours of project-related work, followed by a summary report. In this presentation we explore a model that extends the summer student scholarship concept as part of a longer term collaboration between university students, academic supervisors, and industry representatives. This extended model brokers real world projects that benefit the wider community through developing solutions to health care problems in collaboration with a local district health board (ADHB or Auckland District Health Board). In this model communication design students apply to form design teams, selected and supervised by university academics, to address design briefs from the district health board’s Design Lab. Key aspects of this collaboration include: developing a sense of trust between the university and the district health Design Lab, establishing a supervision team and protocols, and establishing an ecology of supporting resources - including providing students with the work space and infrastructure access to achieve the project goals. The summer student scholarships are designed to be the first step in a long term collaboration that will potentially lead into major undergraduate student projects and post-graduate research. The summer scholarship projects use a Design Based Research (DBR) methodology (McKenney & Reeves, 2018) to address the first design stages of specific health care problems: analysis and exploration, and initial prototype design. The following stages of a DBR methodology (design implementation, evaluation, and redesign) are addressed through subsequent major student projects or post graduate research following agreement with the district health Design Lab after the presentation of the summer student scholarship project outcomes. The scope of the projects aim to explore the potential of wearable and mobile technologies to enhance health care practice and the patient experience (Rich & Miah, 2017). The research questions underpinning the extended student scholarship model are:
In what scenarios can wearable and mobile technologies most effectively enhance health care practice and the patient experience?
What are the design principles that can guide the development of authentic mobile learning collaborative student projects?
References
Bosco, A. M., & Fern, S. (2014). Embedding of authentic assessment in work-integrated learning curriculum. Asia-Pacific Journal of Cooperative Education, 15(4), 281-290.
McKenney, S., & Reeves, T. C. (2018). Conducting educational design research: Routledge.
Rich, E., & Miah, A. (2017). Mobile, wearable and ingestible health technologies: towards a critical research agenda. Health Sociology Review, 26(1), 84-97.
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Grenier, Félix, Jonas Hagmann, Thomas Biersteker, Marina Lebedeva, Yulia Nikitina, and Ekaterina Koldunova. "The Institutional “Hinge”: How the End of the Cold War Conditioned Canadian, Russian, and Swiss IR Scholarship." International Studies Perspectives 21, no. 2 (October 15, 2019): 198–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isp/ekz021.
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Abstract Major international events contribute to guiding IR scholarship's interests, yet it remains surprisingly unexplored how transformative political events affect international relations as an academic field. This article focuses on the linkage between key global moments and the institutional factors that condition IR scholarship, focusing on the important yet under-explored intervening elements in the interrelation between political events and academic practice. The article defines the utility of such focus and illustrates it with case studies of three central parties to the Cold War conflict: Russia as representative of the Eastern bloc, Canada of the Western alliance, and Switzerland as a neutral polity. This article shows how institutional factors such as funding schemes, the marketization of education, and the creation of new IR departments operate as effective “hinges” exerting significant influence over the ways scholars develop ideas about international relations.
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Upadhyay, Shambhu Kumar, Shital Bhandary, Dil Bahadur Bhandari, Ram Krishna Dulal, Kedar Prasad Baral, Rajesh Nath Gongal, Paras Kumar Acharya, Shrijana Shrestha, Jay Narayan Shah, and Arjun Karki. "Admitting Deserving Medical Students from Rural and Disadvantaged: Patan Academy of Health Sciences’ Approach." Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 15, no. 1 (August 13, 2017): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnhrc.v15i1.18025.
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Background: Patan Academy of Health Sciences (PAHS) aims to produce physicians who would be able and willing to serve in the rural areas. Recognizing the critical importance of student selection strategy, among others, in achieving the program goals, it has adopted an innovative scheme for selecting medical students. This paper describes PAHS medical student selection scheme that favors enrollment of deserving applicants from rural and disadvantaged groups so as to help improve distribution of physicians in rural Nepal.Methods: A student admission committee comprising a group of medical educators finalized a three-step student selection scheme linked with scholarships after reviewing relevant literatures and consultative meetings with experts within and outside Nepal. The committee did local validation of Personal Quality Assessment (PQA) that tested cognitive ability and personality traits, Admission OSPE (Objective Structured Performance Examination) that assessed non-cognitive attributes of applicants. It also provided preferential credits to applicants’ socio-economic characteristics to favor the enrollment of deserving applicants from rural and disadvantaged groups through Social Inclusion Matrix (SIM). Three different categories of scholarship schemes namely Partial, Collaborative and Full were devised with Partial providing 50% and other two categories each providing 100% coverage of tuition fee.Results: PAHS student selection scheme succeeded in enrolling more than half of its students from rural areas of Nepal, including about 10% of the students from that of the most backward region of the country. About one third of students were female and about the same were from public and community school. Sixty percent of students receive different categories of scholarships.Conclusions: Limited findings indicate the success of the selection scheme in enrolling high proportion of applicants from rural and disadvantageous groups and enable them to pursue study by providing scholarships.
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Pacewicz, Josh. "The City as a Fiscal Derivative: Financialization, Urban Development, and the Politics of Earmarking." City & Community 15, no. 3 (September 2016): 264–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cico.12190.
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Contemporary urban leaders use exotic fiscal and financial schemes to fund development, which scholars theorize as tools for creating public goods or critically as growth entrepreneurs’ speculative self–enrichment schemes. Neither approach accounts for financing schemes’ reactivity, or their tendency to shape development patterns. This paper facilitates analysis of the latter by developing a new theory of growth coalitions: the politics of earmarking perspective. Urban leaders are akin to local state builders whose superordinate concern is establishing priority over revenues earmarked for noncity functions, a goal they pursue by pairing financing schemes with developments that maximize discretionary revenue under unique geographic, fiscal, and regulatory constraints. I illustrate this perspective's utility by comparing scholarship on California's municipal fiscal crises with an ethnography of development in two Iowa cities. Although reliant on the same financing mechanism—tax increment financing—California's municipal leaders pursued discretionary revenue by incentivizing extravagant commercial developments, whereas Iowa's directed industries to outlying business parks.
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Hommes, Lena, Rutgerd Boelens, Sonja Bleeker, Bibiana Duarte-Abadía, Didi Stoltenborg, and Jeroen Vos. "Water governmentalities: The shaping of hydrosocial territories, water transfers and rural–urban subjects in Latin America." Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space 3, no. 2 (November 11, 2019): 399–422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2514848619886255.
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With increasing water consumption and pollution in cities and expanding urban areas, impacts on rural areas as water extraction and waste disposal zones are intensifying. To unravel these hydro-territorial dynamics, this paper studies the intersecting and overlapping Foucauldian ‘arts of government’ (‘governmentalities’) deployed to convey water from rural to urban areas in three Latin American cities: Lima (Peru), San Luis Potosí (Mexico) and Bucaramanga (Colombia). We examine conventional (cemented) water transfers, broadly promoted payment for ecosystem services schemes and their conjunction, combining scholarship about hydrosocial territories and governmentality. We demonstrate how particular urban-based imaginaries about rural areas, their inhabitants, norms, practices and identities become embedded in governmentality schemes, and how these are justified, materialized and sustained, producing particular entwined rural–urban subjectivities. We explore how these are accepted, negotiated or contested. Our application of the governmentalities framework to analyze the material and socio-political effects of rural–urban water transfers contributes to existing scholarship on the (re)shaping of rural–urban hydrosocial territorialities showing the ‘hidden’ and ‘invisible’ workings of subjectification. It also contributes to the literature on governmentalities by scrutinizing the importance of technology (including physical infrastructure) in creating rural subjects.
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Woloson, Wendy A. "Wishful Thinking: Retail Premiums in Mid-Nineteenth-Century America." Enterprise & Society 13, no. 4 (December 2012): 790–831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1467222700011472.
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“Wishful Thinking” discusses the origins of retail premium schemes in America. An entirely new marketing strategy that began appearing in the early 1850s, giving away free things with purchases helped fuel the consumer revolution of the 19th century by inducing people to buy things they did not necessarily want or need. The article focuses on the three most prevalent forms of premiums – gift distributions, prize packages, and gift book establishments – and draws on scholarship from various fields, including advertising and marketing history and economic anthropology. In addition to describing various premium schemes and linking them to nascent consumerism, the article posits why they might have been so successful, despite the fact that many were clearly fraudulent.
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Walsh, Emily. "Repair in the private rented sector: where now?" Journal of Property, Planning and Environmental Law 13, no. 1 (January 27, 2021): 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jppel-07-2020-0031.
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Purpose This paper aims to analyse the extent to which recent changes in the law, most notably the Homes (Fitness for Human Habitation) Act 2018 and proposals for changes in tenant redress, will help tenants living in the private rented sector (PRS) with issues of disrepair and poor living conditions. Design/methodology/approach It applies theoretical scholarship on procedural justice, to two proposals for reform, namely, compulsory membership of redress schemes and a new housing court or use of the first-Tier Tribunal for claims relating to disrepair. Findings The Homes (Fitness for Human Habitation) Act 2018 will not provide decent private rented homes without increased security of tenure and a requirement for inspection prior to letting. Tenants should have the right to a fit home at the time of moving in and a cheap and relatively fast method of redress when things go wrong. A combination of compulsory licencing, membership of an ombudsman scheme and either the transfer of disrepair cases to the first-tier tribunal or a new housing court would provide the best overall solution for tenants with regard to repair and condition. Originality/value This study contributes to the important scholarship on procedural justice and applies it to ongoing current debates regarding disrepair in the PRS.
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Strauss, Daniel Francois. "The Indispensable Role of Systematic Philosophical Reflection in Scholarship." Phronimon 18 (January 17, 2018): 95–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2413-3086/2847.
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Sometimes systematic theoretical thinking is identified with abstract (formal) schemes. This opposition is also found in Malan and Goosen’s dismissal of Dooyeweerdian reformational thinking. This article aims at making a contribution to this issue by analysing the indispensable role of systematic philosophical reflection within the world of scholarship. One way in which systematic thinking could be justified is to highlight the need for consistency and the role of logical principles in achieving it. It is argued that, since we are living in the same world, all philosophical orientations have to account for shared states of affairs. At this point attention is given to the question whether or not these “states of affairs†are “static or dynamic.†An alternative for the distinction between static and dynamic is proposed by alternatively considering the relationship between constancy and change. Von Weizsäcker articulates the problem aptly by pointing out that although our experience exhibits constant change, something exists that remains unchanged through all these changes. In conclusion it is pointed out that scholars have only two options: either they give an account of the philosophical presuppositions and systematic distinctions with which they work—in which case they have a philosophical view of reality, or implicitly (and uncritically) they proceed from one or another philosophical view of reality—in which case they are the victims of a philosophical view. The primary aim of this article is, therefore, to highlight the indispensability of systematic thought by referring to some of the main distinctions included in such a system of thought.
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Ellinghaus, Katherine, and Sianan Healy. "Micromobility, Space, and Indigenous Housing Schemes in Australia after World War II." Transfers 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 44–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2018.080204.
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This article examines state efforts to assimilate Indigenous peoples through the spatial politics of housing design and the regulation of access to and use of houses, streets, and towns. Using two Australian case studies in the 1950s, Framlingham Aboriginal Reserve in Victoria and the Gap housing development in the Northern Territory, and inspired by recent scholarship on imperial networks and Indigenous mobilities, it explores Aboriginal people’s negotiation of those efforts through practices of both moving and staying put. We demonstrate the importance of micromobility—which we define as smallscale movements across short distances, in and out of buildings, along roads, and across townships—and argue that in order to fully appreciate the regulation of Indigenous mobility and Indigenous resistance to it, scholars must concentrate on the small, local, and seemingly insignificant as well as more drastic and permanent movement.
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Ren, Ting, Ruolian Fang, and Zhen Yang. "The impact of pay-for-performance perception and pay level satisfaction on employee work attitudes and extra-role behaviors." Journal of Chinese Human Resource Management 8, no. 2 (October 9, 2017): 94–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jchrm-06-2015-0012.
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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the impact of pay-for-performance (PFP) perception and pay level satisfaction on work attitudes (job satisfaction, turnover intention and affective commitment) and extra-role behaviors (discretionary effort and interpersonal helping), and further, how three aspects of conditional factors – intrinsic motivation, leader–member exchange (LMX) and perceived organizational support (POS) – moderate the main-effect relationships. Design/methodology/approach The study was conducted at a Chinese private-owned company in the beauty industry, and a survey was conducted with the frontline employees in each office, asking information about their perceptions and attitudes toward the PFP scheme implemented in the company, work attitudes and performance, individual characteristics and their perceptions of group and organizational characteristics. Findings Results show that PFP perception and pay level satisfaction are significant predictors of work attitudes and extra-role behaviors. Further, depending on the specific work outcome examined, the three conditioning factors are found to strengthen the hypothesized main-effect relationships. The findings of the study have important theoretical and practical implications for the implementation of PFP schemes in organizations. Originality/value The findings contribute to the scholarship on PFP schemes in two ways. First, the findings show that PFP perception and pay level satisfaction are important for understanding employee work attitudes and extra-role behaviors. Second, the investigation of the moderating roles that intrinsic motivation, LMX and POS play in the relationships of PFP perception and pay level satisfaction with the work outcomes provides evidence to the limited understanding about the conditions that may strengthen or weaken the effectiveness of PFP schemes.
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Stein, Serena, and Marc Kalina. "Becoming an Agricultural Growth Corridor." Environment and Society 10, no. 1 (September 1, 2019): 83–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ares.2019.100106.
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Agricultural growth corridors (AGCs) have begun proliferating across the actual and policy landscapes of southeastern Africa. Cast as an emerging megaproject strategy, AGCs combine the construction of large-scale logistics (i.e., roads, railways, ports) with attracting investment in commercial agribusiness and smallholder farming. While scholars have long attended to spatial development schemes in the Global South, literature on the rising AGCs of Africa’s eastern seaboard has only recently shifted from anticipatory to empirical studies as policy implementation reaches full force. The article reflects on a new crop of studies that confront the problem of tracing policy imaginaries to the people, places, practices, and ecologies shaped by AGC schemes. In contrast to scholarship that accepts corridors as given entities, we explore directions for research that interrogate the grounded yet provisional becoming of these megaprojects. At such sites, the return of high modernist development logics encapsulated by the corridor concept may be questioned.
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Constable, Nicole. "Revisiting Distant Divides and Intimate Connections in Asia: Comments on Engseng Ho's “Inter-Asian Concepts for Mobile Societies”." Journal of Asian Studies 76, no. 4 (November 2017): 953–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911817000924.
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I am honored to comment on Engseng Ho's provocative essay through the lens of my own research on inter-Asian connections and mobilities in and beyond Asia. The abstract for the panel, entitled “The Flow of Migration beyond the State,” stated that “much scholarship on Asia is framed by organizational schemes that engage in spatial relationships and contrasts” (e.g., cores and peripheries, uplands and lowlands, mainland and islands) and that the idea of the “nation as a bordered entity” cross-cuts and transforms such common binaries. The panel's abstract also stated that the panel's goal was to “interrogate these borders” and to “rethink these schemes” and forge new understandings about nations, regions, and Asia by addressing questions such as: What happens when we decenter the state? What concepts of society capture external relations and engagements? What concepts apart from class, status, race, and gender will help us get a better understanding of transregional phenomena?
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Ganvir, Shyam, and Ankita Arun Gundecha. "DISABILITY, LAWS AND MODELS: AN OVERVIEW." VIMS JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL THERAPY 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.46858/vimsjpt.2110.
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There are various growing definitions and perceptions of disability. It leads to various complications leading to independency for all other activities of daily living, making occupational limitations and economically dependent. So there is a need to make them aware of various schemes available in India, for supporting them for various economic, pension and educational scholarship schemes.
The rights and laws of persons with disabilities must, therefore, be understood and studied from a variety of perspectives, including human rights and various other laws in India, which will fill the gap or close the gap between persons with disabilities and persons with disabilities in their personal attainment in the true sense of the term.
Throughout this research report, the writer puts a great deal of focus on the different legislative frameworks and regulations existing throughout our country and allows a comprehensive analysis on how such laws have led to the advancement of the legal status of people with disabilities in India.
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Garthwaite, John. "Revaluating Epigrammatic Cycles in Martial Book 2." Ramus 30, no. 1 (2001): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0048671x00001570.
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The structural formation of Martial's books of epigrams, especially what has been termed the intratextuality of the poems in each volume, has received considerable attention in recent studies of the author. Both Scherf and Merli, for example, in the latest collection of essays on Martial, not only provide useful critical surveys of past scholarship on the issue but propose their own, occasionally more detailed, schemes. The result is a growing recognition of the intricate designs Martial created out of his varied themes and of their importance in helping us to understand the literary purpose of the books.
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YERXA, DONALD A. "Introduction: Historical Coherence, Complexity, and the Scientific Revolution." European Review 15, no. 4 (September 18, 2007): 439–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798707000439.
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Historical inquiry today is robust at multiple levels and celebrates novel interpretation and the rich complexity of the past. Although historians show no signs of paralysis in the light of the epistemological challenges of the 1980s and 1990s, many remain disillusioned with traditional periodization schemes. In the case of the Scientific Revolution, this skittishness seems to translate into a sceptical resignation about the possibility that the new scholarship can ever reveal an underlying coherence. As the essays in this forum on the Scientific Revolution demonstrate, however, such resignation is an inadequate response to novelty and complexity. New findings ought to prod historians to search for more intricate and satisfactory patterns.
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Pett, Emma, and Helen Warner. "The Invisible Institution? Reconstructing the History of BAFTA and the 1958 Merger of the British Film Academy with the Guild of Television Producers and Directors." Journal of British Cinema and Television 17, no. 4 (October 2020): 449–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jbctv.2020.0542.
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As a cultural institution of national and global significance, the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) is notably absent from existing scholarship on the media industries. More importantly, BAFTA's role as an independent arts charity set up by the industry to support and develop new talent is often overlooked. Instead, references to BAFTA made by media and film scholars most frequently take the form of footnotes or digressions that detail particular awards or nominations. Drawing on a range of archival sources, including BAFTA's own records, we address this significant omission within existing scholarship on the British cultural and creative industries. In particular, we examine the period 1947–68, focusing on the 1958 merger of the British Film Academy with the Guild of Television Producers and Directors to form a new institution, known as the Society of Film and Television Arts (SFTA, later renamed BAFTA). This was achieved despite the well-documented tensions existing between the two industries throughout the period, which we identify and analyse within this historical context. We argue that a crucial factor driving the 1958 merger was the desire to develop quality training schemes across both industries. This, in turn, was partly enabled by an egalitarian turn in post-war British society towards the development of greater social equality and mobility. In reconstructing these events, we therefore interrogate and reassess the role played by this key national institution on the development of the creative and cultural industries, offering an expansion and revision of scholarship on media histories of post-war Britain.
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Hejkrlík, Jíří, Ondřej Horký-Hlucháň, and Tereza Němečková. "Tertiary scholarship schemes as institutionalised migration of highly skilled labour: The mixed evidence of development effectiveness from the Czech Republi." Mezinárodní vztahy 53, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32422/mv.1584.
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Campbell, Anne C., and Chelsea A. Lavallee. "A Community of Practice for Social Justice: Examining the Case of an International Scholarship Alumni Association in Ghana." Journal of Studies in International Education 24, no. 4 (April 17, 2019): 409–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1028315319842343.
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International higher education student mobility can lead to social change in the students’ home countries. This article examines the case of the Ford Foundation’s International Fellowship Program Alumni Association in Ghana and how it has organized to affect change. Findings show that this association has assimilated many of the attributes of Wenger’s community of practice (CoP) model. These characteristics include building strong communication systems, learning together in workshops, and solving problems through regular communication: activities that have improved their “practice” of social justice advocacy. The study also challenges the CoP model in three key ways relevant to international higher education, including highlighting how graduates incorporate their overseas education in their social justice practice and the limitations of diaspora engagement. Findings aim to inform administrators and participants of international higher education schemes, with a particular focus on international scholarship programs and those seeking to promote social justice.
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Brassett, James, Ben Richardson, and William Smith. "Private experiments in global governance: primary commodity roundtables and the politics of deliberation." International Theory 4, no. 3 (October 31, 2012): 367–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752971912000188.
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Emerging scholarship on global governance offers ever-more detailed analyses of private regulatory regimes. These regimes aim to regulate some area of social activity without a mandate from, or participation of, states or international organizations. While there are numerous empirical studies of these regimes, the normative theoretical literature has arguably struggled to keep pace with such developments. This is unfortunate, as the proliferation of private regulatory regimes raises important issues about legitimacy in global governance. The aim of this paper is to address some of these issues by elaborating a theoretical framework that can orientate normative investigation of these schemes. It does this through turning to the idea of experimentalist governance. It is argued that experimentalism can provide an important and provocative set of insights about the processes and logics of emerging governance schemes. The critical purchase of this theory is illustrated through an application to the case of primary commodities roundtables, part of ongoing attempts by non-governmental organizations, producers, and buyers to set sustainability criteria for commodity production across a range of sectors. The idea of experimentalist governance, we argue, can lend much needed theoretical structure to debates about the normative legitimacy of private regulatory regimes.
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Sullivan, Brandon A., Joshua D. Freilich, and Steven M. Chermak. "An Examination of the American Far Right’s Anti-Tax Financial Crimes." Criminal Justice Review 44, no. 4 (April 21, 2019): 492–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734016819839772.
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Little attention has been paid to ideologically motivated tax protesters who use frivolous legal arguments as moral or legal justification for committing tax fraud and related financial crimes. These crimes have defrauded private citizens and governments and are associated with violent far-right extremism, negatively impacting public safety and stability. Using data from the U.S. Extremist Financial Crime Database, we provide an exploratory, descriptive analysis of the composition and motivation of financial crime schemes associated with the American far-right extremist anti-tax movement. Our innovative open-source database permits systematic empirical research into connections among tax avoidance, anti-tax, and anti-government belief and related criminal behavior, which is necessary for the advancement of scholarship on the causes and consequences of these frauds and the development of sound intervention and prevention policies and practices.
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Kumasi, Kafi D., Cynthia Jimes, Amee Evans Godwin, Lisa A. Petrides, and Anastasia Karaglani. "A Preliminary Study Interrogating the Cataloging and Classification Schemes of a K-12 Book Discovery Platform through a Critical Race Theory Lens." Open Information Science 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 106–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opis-2020-0009.
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AbstractThis article presents the results of a preliminary study to examine the cataloging and classification schemes and ideological factors that play out in book discovery platforms for children’s and young adult books. Using Critical Race Theory and a Rapid Contextual Design approach to exploring the curatorial behaviors of school librarians when searching for diverse books, the study offers design ideas for retooling discovery platforms in ways that bridge the cultural disconnect that young adults from historically marginalized racial backgrounds experience in their libraries. The article concludes that in order for school librarians to find, recommend and teach about books that reflect race, equity and inclusion themes, they need more sophisticated and user-centered features that reflect critical race and multicultural analytic frameworks. This includes the need for a common vocabulary around issues of race, equity and inclusion that can simultaneously cut through the ambiguity of social tagging and yet subvert the status quo of entrenched liberalism and/or racially biased ideologies embedded in traditional classification schemes and hierarchies, such as those used in Library of Congress subject headings. The findings further suggest that school librarians would benefit from enhanced education and training in the intersections of cataloging, classification and critical race scholarship.
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Fife, Kirsty, and Hannah Henthorn. "Brick Walls and Tick Boxes." International Journal of Information, Diversity, & Inclusion (IJIDI) 5, no. 1 (February 20, 2021): 6–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/ijidi.v5i1.34667.
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Archives Unlocked, the U.K. National Archives’ strategic vision for the archive sector, identifies the need for diversity to be embedded in all parts of the archives sector. As workers, we need to ensure that “the rich diversity of society is reflected in our archives’ collections, users and workers” (The National Archives, 2017, p.13). Despite strategic aims and investment in specific schemes (delivered by The National Archives, Creative Skillset, and the Heritage Lottery Fund) which seek to diversify the sector, there are still structural barriers which prevent the workforce from diversifying and realising these ambitions.
In 2017, the authors of this paper began collaborating on a grassroots project to explore the experiences of archive workers from marginalised backgrounds. The project collected anonymous survey data from 97 people which explored experiences of work and qualification. As two archive workers who have experience of accessing the archive sector workforce via diversity bursaries and scholarship, we wanted our research to articulate a common set of frustrations that are often shared but rarely documented or consulted when developing diversity and inclusion strategies and schemes. By utilising lived experiences as our main research data in this paper, we re-centre discussions about diversity and inclusion around the lived experience of those currently on the margins of the archive workforce.
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Klingler-Vidra, Robyn, and Ye Liu. "Inclusive innovation policy as social capital accumulation strategy." International Affairs 96, no. 4 (July 1, 2020): 1033–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiaa091.
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Abstract Governments deploy policies that strive to increase the participation rates of under-represented demographic groups (according to gender, ethnicity, sexuality and disability status) in innovative activities. A growing thrust of these policies focuses on accumulating non-financial resources, particularly social capital, as the strategy for improving inclusion. Such policies include mentoring and networking schemes, role model campaigns, competitions and prizes. In contrast to the policies' growing prevalence, only a handful of studies have empirically analysed them, and fewer still offered analytical conceptualizations. In this article, we contribute by applying insights from the extant scholarship on social capital, innovation and entrepreneurship to conceptualize the policies in bonding and bridging social capital terms. We find that bonding strategies foster in-group connections, with the primary aim of encouraging under-represented groups to want to participate, thus focusing on increasing the supply of labour. Bridging strategies, in contrast, strive to link under-represented groups with finance and other centres of power, and to update societal preferences, in order to increase the demand for labour from under-represented groups. Our novel conceptualization emphasizes that policies should be studied according to their bonding or bridging social capital aims, as even the same policy instrument (i.e., mentorship scheme or campaign) can differ significantly in how it is employed.
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Nesvetailova, A. "Beyond the Minskyan Political Economy: Liquidity and Financial Innovation in the Global Credit Crunch." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 6 (June 20, 2011): 107–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2011-6-107-122.
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The credit crunch of 2007-2009 has been widely described as a Minsky moment in the world finance, and references to Ponzi schemes recur in the emergent theorizations of this crisis. However, the notion of Ponzi finance captures only one of the many disturbing elements in the complex set of causes of the crisis. Engaging with the emergent theories of the credit crunch, this paper argues that the main controversy of the global credit crunch centers on the role of financial innovation in the economic system. More specifically, it concerns the problem of liquidity and its metamorphoses in the modern financial system. Drawing on the scholarship of Hyman Minsky and heterodox political economy, this paper addresses the conceptual dilemma of the relationship between financial innovation and liquidity, in the light of the lessons of the global credit crunch.
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Mishkova, Diana. "The Politics of Regionalist Science: The Balkans as a Supranational Space in Late Nineteenth to Mid-Twentieth Century Academic Projects." East Central Europe 39, no. 2-3 (2012): 266–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763308-03903003.
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The article looks into the various scholarly (and disciplinary) conceptualizations of the Balkans/Southeastern Europe, which were spawned within the region itself prior to World War II. These regionalist schemes drew heavily on political values and relied on political support, while at the same time seeking to spearhead and legitimize political decisions or reformulate (geo)political visions. The article discusses the political implications of this scholarship with the idea to underscore notions of the Balkans which differed considerably from the one summarily and, in recent years, persistently conceptualized as mirroring the Western (discourse of) Balkanism. Not only were those notions more subtle and differentiated than an ‘orientalizing perspective’ would make us expect; a remarkable feature of the academic projects discussed here was their counterhegemonic thrust and the assertion that the Balkans are and should be treated as a subject.
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Hill, Melissa, and Michelle Heron-Delaney. "Evaluation of mental health professionals’ views of a higher education scholarship scheme designed to enhance workforce development." Journal of Mental Health Training, Education and Practice 16, no. 5 (August 6, 2021): 383–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmhtep-10-2020-0078.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the use of a scholarship scheme to support mental health workforce development. Design/methodology/approach Nursing and allied health recipients (n = 72) of a scholarship for postgraduate mental health study provided quantitative and qualitative feedback via an online survey. Findings Benefits of the scholarship scheme include helping to overcome financial barriers to accessing higher education, increased motivation to study, increased knowledge and skills and enhanced positive feelings towards the recipient’s organisation. A total of 44% of participants reported being majorly or completely influenced to remain working in the organisation due to provision of the scholarship. Originality/value This study asks recipients to evaluate the scholarship scheme rather than the associated postgraduate education and provides preliminary support that scholarships are beneficial even when the amount of funding is less than half of course fees and the support from the employer is primarily monetary. The provision of scholarship funding can encourage existing professionals to undertake postgraduate study and attract them to pursue mental health specialisation instead of other health specialisations. Provision of scholarships is one strategy which can positively impact on mental health workforce retention in allied health professionals.
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Das, Minakshi. "A Study On The Educational Problems Of Scheduled Caste People With Special Reference To Biswanath Gaon Panchayat." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 4327–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.1510.
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Scheduled Castes are the most disadvantaged socio-economic groups in our India. The Scheduled Caste people are scattered all over the country. They are mainly settled in rural areas and are dependent on the upper castes people for their livelihood. The scheduled caste people are mostly engaged in low paid manual occupations and also work as bonded labours. Majority of the scheduled caste people do not conscious in getting education and also unaware about the value of education for their lives. They do not give priority to send their child in school or colleges. Poverty, illiteracy, poor social environment, lack of general awareness etc. are the problem that scheduled caste people suffer from. The Government of India has special schemes to enable access to opportunities including scholarship for education, various educational facilities, financial support and skill building for setting up their lives, reservation in jobs, reservation for getting education and special courts to address instances of atrocities and violence. Though they have various educational schemes and policies but they unaware their rights and opportunities to upgrade their lives. It is utmost important for us to understand and analyses the problems in the context of their previous conditions which continue to have a bearing on the present. This paper identifies and analyses the educational problems of scheduled caste people in Biswanath Gaon Panchayat.
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Gill, Chris, and Naomi Creutzfeldt. "The ‘Ombuds Watchers’." Social & Legal Studies 27, no. 3 (August 11, 2017): 367–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0964663917721313.
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This article examines the phenomenon of the ‘ombuds watchers’. These are groups of dissatisfied users of public service ombuds schemes who engage in legal protest against the current system of redress for citizen-state complaints. Through the lens of legal consciousness scholarship we propose a framework that conceptualizes the collectivized protest of the ombuds watchers. Based on an empirical dataset, our analysis shows that the ombuds watchers meet each of the defining characteristics of dissenting collectivism and demonstrates the existence of forms of legal consciousness which present ‘opportunities to build alternative imaginaries and institutions’. Our case study provides an insight into the potential for dissenting collectives to challenge the hegemonic structures of state law, while at the same time emphasising the continuing power of legal ideology in shaping popular understandings of justice. The article also suggests a pathway for future empirical research into user experiences of justice systems.
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Lorenz, Beyza. "Novel Anxieties." Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 40, no. 2 (August 1, 2020): 387–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/1089201x-8524303.
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Abstract Building on recent scholarship on postcolonial theory and the history of the modern Middle East, this article analyzes the viewpoints of late nineteenth-century Ottoman novelists on the modernization projects of the Tanzimat and post-Tanzimat periods. It argues that the Ottoman novelists Ahmet Midhat, Fatma Aliye, and Recaizade Mahmut Ekrem developed a counter-discourse against rapid modernization projects in Istanbul. Through a depiction of everyday life experiences related to the latest inventions of modern technology, Ottoman novelists thematize individual anxieties on a range of topics, which included a criticism of productivity, changing gender roles for men and women, and the new order of time and space. Keeping in mind that drastic changes in technology introduced distinctive modes of experiencing time and space in the nineteenth century, this article suggests that criticism by Ottoman intellectuals can be better understood within the context of the reaction to shifting time-space schemes and the proliferation of new technologies across the globe.
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Sokolovska, Alla, Larysa Rainova, and Tetiana Zatonatska. "Loan and Grant Support for Students in the Context of the Diversification of Funding Sources for Higher Education." Ekonomika 98, no. 1 (April 17, 2019): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/ekon.2019.1.7.
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[full article and abstract in English] This paper considers the mechanism of direct state support for students in European countries using loans and grants: their functions, forms, schemes, and conditions for provision. The peculiarities of the state preferential educational loan in Ukraine and the reasons for its curtailment since 2011 are determined. Nowadays, it is established that the main form of state support for Ukrainian students who receive higher education in public procurement comes with academic and social scholarships, whereas students who receive higher education under a contract of preferential state lending yet after the curtailment of the program are deprived of any state support. The necessity of restoring the program of preferential state lending for students and the directions of its improvement, such as the establishment of an interest rate on a loan based on the level of inflation, the establishment of a minimum amount of annual payments on a loan as a percentage of the minimum salary, the distribution of the risk of non-repayment of a loan between the state, the borrower and his parent, are all substantiated. This is done taking into account the financial capabilities of the Ukrainian state and the high levels of hidden income. We consider the establishment of conditions needed for the development of a system of commercial educational loans, by providing for the provision of a state guarantee on it and partial state subsidy of interest rates. We consider the areas of improvement of scholarship support of students and substantiate the necessity of introducing education at least for orphans, children deprived of parental care, and disabled children.
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Dingwerth, Klaus. "Field Recognition and the State Prerogative: Why Democratic Legitimation Recedes in Private Transnational Sustainability Regulation." Politics and Governance 5, no. 1 (March 15, 2017): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v5i1.794.
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Like any regulatory effort, private transnational standard-setters need to legitimate themselves to the audiences from which they seek support or obedience. While early scholarship on private transnational governance has emphasized the centrality of <em>democratic</em> legitimation narratives in rendering private governance socially acceptable, evidence from more recent standard-setting schemes suggests a declining relevance of that narrative over time. In my analysis of private sustainability regulation, I identify a combination of two factors that jointly contribute to this diminished role of democratic legitimation. First, private transnational governance has become a pervasive phenomenon. This means that new entrants to the field no longer face the same liability of newness that required first movers to make an extra effort in legitimation. Second, private standard-setting has moved from areas characterized by ‘governance gaps’ to areas in which meaningful intergovernmental regulation already exists. In these areas, however, the ‘state prerogative’ in legitimating governance holds. As a result, transnational standard-setters rely not so much on stressing their democratic credentials, but instead emphasize their contribution to achieving internationally agreed goals.
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Taylor, R. E. "The Contribution of Radiocarbon Dating to New World Archaeology." Radiocarbon 42, no. 1 (2000): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200053017.
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When introduced almost five decades ago, radiocarbon (14C) dating provided New World archaeologists with a common chronometric scale that transcended the countless site-specific and regional schemes that had been developed by four generations of field researchers employing a wide array of criteria for distinguishing relative chronological phases. A topic of long standing interest in New World studies where 14C values have played an especially critical role is the temporal framework for the initial peopling of the New World. Other important issues where 14C results have been of particular importance include the origins and development of New World agriculture and the determination of the relationship between the western and Mayan calendars. It has been suggested that the great success of 14C was an important factor in redirecting the focus of American archaeological scholarship in the 1960s from chronology building to theory building, led to a noticeable improvement in US archaeological field methods, and provided a major catalyst that moved American archaeologists increasingly to direct attention to analytical and statistical approaches in the manipulation and evaluation of archaeological data.
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Hoffman, Steve G. "Managing Ambiguities at the Edge of Knowledge." Science, Technology, & Human Values 42, no. 4 (December 30, 2016): 703–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0162243916687038.
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Many research-intensive universities have moved into the business of promoting technology development that promises revenue, impact, and legitimacy. While the scholarship on academic capitalism has documented the general dynamics of this institutional shift, we know less about the ground-level challenges of research priority and scientific problem choice. This paper unites the practice tradition in science and technology studies with an organizational analysis of decision-making to compare how two university artificial intelligence labs manage ambiguities at the edge of scientific knowledge. One lab focuses on garnering funding through commercialization schemes, while the other is oriented to federal science agencies. The ethnographic comparison identifies the mechanisms through which an industry-oriented lab can be highly adventurous yet produce a research program that is thin and erratic due to a priority placed on commercialization. However, the comparison does not yield an implicit nostalgia for federalized science; it reveals the mechanisms through which agency-oriented labs can pursue a thick and consistent research portfolio but in a strikingly myopic fashion.
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Hodgkinson, Dan. "POLITICS ON LIBERATION'S FRONTIERS: STUDENT ACTIVIST REFUGEES, INTERNATIONAL SOLIDARITY, AND THE STRUGGLE FOR ZIMBABWE, 1965–79." Journal of African History 62, no. 1 (March 2021): 99–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853721000268.
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AbstractDuring Zimbabwe's struggle for national liberation, thousands of black African students fled Rhodesia to universities across the world on refugee scholarship schemes. To these young people, university student activism had historically provided a stable route into political relevance and nationalist leadership. But at foreign universities, many of which were vibrant centres for student mobilisations in the 1960s and 1970s and located far from Zimbabwean liberation movements’ organising structures, student refugees were confronted with the dilemma of what their role and future in the liberation struggle was. Through the concept of the ‘frontier’, this article compares the experiences of student activists at universities in Uganda, West Africa, and the UK as they figured out who they were as political agents. For these refugees, I show how political geography mattered. Campus frontiers could lead young people both to the military fronts of Mozambique and Zambia as well as to the highest circles of government in independent Zimbabwe. As such, campus frontiers were central to the history of Zimbabwe's liberation movements and the development of the postcolonial state.
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Szostak, Rick. "The Basic Concepts Classification (BCC)." KNOWLEDGE ORGANIZATION 47, no. 3 (2020): 231–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0943-7444-2020-3-231.
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The Basics Concept Classification (BCC) is a “universal” scheme: it attempts to encompass all areas of human understanding. Whereas most universal schemes are organized around scholarly disciplines, the BCC is instead organized around phenomena (things), the relationships that exist among phenomena, and the properties that phenomena and relators may possess. This structure allows the BCC to apply facet analysis without requiring the use of “facet indicators.” The main motivation for the BCC was a recognition that existing classifications that are organized around disciplines serve interdisciplinary scholarship poorly. Complex concepts that might be understood quite differently across groups and individuals can generally be broken into basic concepts for which there is enough shared understanding for the purposes of classification. Documents, ideas, and objects are classified synthetically by combining entries from the schedules of phenomena, relators, and properties. The inclusion of separate schedules of-generally verb-like-relators is one of the most unusual aspects of the BCC. This (and the schedules of properties that serve as adjectives or adverbs) allows the production of sentence-like subject strings. Documents can then be classified in terms of the main arguments made in the document. BCC provides very precise descriptors of documents by combining phenomena, relators, and properties synthetically. The terminology employed in the BCC reduces terminological ambiguity. The BCC is still being developed and it needs to be fleshed out in certain respects. Yet it also needs to be applied; only in application can the feasibility and desirability of the classification be adequately assessed.
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Adams, Ellen E., and Joshua F. Beatty. "The Foundations of Naval Science: Alfred Thayer Mahan's The Influence of Sea Power on History and the Library of Congress Classification System." Canadian Journal of Academic Librarianship 2 (February 13, 2017): 9–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/cjal-rcbu.v2.26988.
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This article is a history of the creation of the Naval Science class within the Library of Congress Classification System (LCCS) during that system’s fashioning and development at the turn of the twentieth century. Previous work on the history of classification and especially of the LCCS has looked closely at the mechanics of the creation of such systems and at ideological influences on classification schemes. Prior scholarship has neglected the means by which ideologies are encoded into classification systems, however. The present article examines the history of a single class by looking at the ideological and political assumptions behind that class and the means by which these assumptions were written into the LCCS. Specifically, we argue that the Naval Science class resulted from a concerted effort by naval theorists to raise their field to the status of a science, the interest of Washington’s political class in this new science as a justification for imperial expansion, and a publishing boom in naval matters as the American public became eager consumers of such work during the Spanish-American War. This complex narrative thus illustrates the manifold influences on the creation of any classification system and asks us to consider that multiplicity of influences, whether we as librarians teach about existing systems or work to build new ones.
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Blumi, Isa. "Contemporary Islam." American Journal of Islam and Society 25, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 129–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v25i1.1500.
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At a time when careless opportunism blurs the line separating the hatespeech, race-baiting, and xenophobia that we condemn and the misleadingexpedience of “tolerating” others, the need to change how Muslims engagethe hatred facing them has become most apparent. Threatened by Frenchpoliticians with state-enforced settlement camps and neoconservative socialengineering schemes that erect 10-meter highwalls in theWestBank, BelAir,and Baghdad, it is critical that Muslims demonstrate the ability to resist theirwholesale criminalization with dignity and passion. Unfortunately, the overwhelmingmajority of those who publicly “stand-up” for “reason” are non-Muslim, western-based academics speaking for “Islam” as a non-westernphenomenon that nevertheless “needs to be tolerated.”When “Muslims” are given the rare chance of having a forum throughwhich to communicate, the message has more often confirmed the reductionistassumptions of xenophobic racists advocating their legal exclusionfrom “Christian” Europe. How often has it been noted that those Muslimsmost frequently given access to the mainstream media are the fanatical andpatently violent characters depicted in media stereotypes who actually haveno right to “speak” for Islam in the first place?Contemporary Islam: Dynamic, Not Static challenges these prevailingcurrents in scholarship by actually engaging the audience in a fashion thatdoes not concede Islam’s centrality to a larger human experience ...
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von Briesen, Brendan J. "“The guild […] manufactures nothing, nor produces any artifact”: Barcelona's Seven Maritime Cargo Handling Guilds, c.1760–1840." International Review of Social History 65, no. 3 (April 13, 2020): 399–431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859020000012.
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AbstractBy studying the guilds of the seven maritime cargo handling trades of Barcelona, this paper aims to contribute to the relatively limited, but growing scholarship of port labour during the late artisan phase, and of service-sector guilds in general. It examines the relationship between occupational and organizational cultures, the types and means of inculcating human and social capital, and the formal and informal determination of qualification in view of the different guild responses to liberalization and abolition. Unlike guilds in the secondary sector, these corporations were organized horizontally among masters and had neither journeymen, nor apprentices in their respective trades. Some of them provided services individually while others worked collectively. They generally prohibited internal and external employment schemes, and many of them used a turn system or another to level work opportunities. One of these guilds transitioned directly into a trade union; others became owner associations or dissolved into unorganized competitors. The period studied covers the flexibilization of the labour market through progressively advancing liberal reforms of monopolistic guild privileges and the formal abolition of Spanish guilds in 1836. Comparisons with other European ports further highlight the multiplicity of considerations for understanding occupational and organizational cultures and the trajectories of guilds in the service sector.
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Gallarotti, Giulio M. "The limits of international organization: systematic failure in the management of international relations." International Organization 45, no. 2 (1991): 183–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818300033063.
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Contributors to the literature on international organization (IO) have traditionally been overly optimistic about the ability of multilateral management to stabilize in-ternational relations and have tended to ignore the destabilizing effects of IO. While recent revisionist scholarship has acknowledged both the potential for organizational failure and the conditionality of management, it has tended to focus on how IO fails within specific issue-areas and institutions. This article offers a typology of the inherent (systematic) failures of IO across issue-areas and institutions and thereby seeks to bridge the gaps in our understanding of why many different institutions and managerial schemes have adverse effects. It argues that IO is prone to failure (1) when it attempts to manage complex, tightly coupled systems of relations and issues; (2) when it serves as a substitute either for more substantive and long-term resolutions to international problems or for responsible domestic or foreign policy; (3) when it intensifies international disputes; and (4) when it generates moral hazard. In offering a general theoretical approach to understanding the destabilizing effects of IO, the analysis is intended to serve both as a focal point for understanding critical approaches to the study of IO and as an alternative rationale for eliminating the excesses of multilateral management.
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Hussain, Nazir. "THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND STRATEGIC STUDIES IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIAL SCIENCES: A CASE STUDY OF PAKISTAN." Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 54, no. 1 (June 30, 2015): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/jssh.v54i1.161.
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Since the establishment of International Relations as an academic discipline in 1918, it has undergone great transformations. The end of World War-II with devastated nuclear technology brought forth national security perspectives impacting the study of IR and giving birth to strategic and security studies as specialized sub-disciplines. Presently the discipline of IR has very distinct and specialized sub-disciplines such as Strategic Studies, Security Studies, Peace and Conflict Resolution and Area Studies. In Pakistan, the first institute dealing with international affairs was established in 1947 and the first teaching department at Karachi University was formed in 1958. However, it suffered due to general apathy by the governments and public alike. In 1970s, Pakistan’s security matrix compelled to create Area Study Centers and Strategic Studies departments. Later, in early 2000s, electronic media played an important role in popularizing these disciplines. Lately, the HEC has established a Consortium of Social Sciences Universities in Pakistan to elevate the status of Social Sciences and launched various scholarship schemes to meet the challenge of qualified human resource. However, there is a need to establish an Academy of Social Sciences and a National Society of International Relations to promote these disciplines on strong financial and institutional footings.
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Khan, Aisha. "Untold stories of unfree labor: Asians in the Americas." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 70, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1996): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002630.
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[First paragraph]The Cuba Commission Report: A Hidden History of the Chinese in Cuba. The Original English-Language Text of 1876 (Introduction by Denise Helly). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993. viii + 160 pp. (Paper US$21.95)Indentured Labor, Caribbean Sugar: Chinese and Indian Migrants to the British West Indies, 1838-1918. WALTON LOOK LAI. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993. xxviii + 370 pp. (Cloth US$ 39.95)The world system formed by European mercantile and industrial capitalism and the history of transcontinental labor migrations from Africa to the Americas have been amply documented. The genesis, evolution, and demise of New World slavery are subjects much scrutinized and debated, particularly since the 1960s. Enjoying a less extensive tradition of historiography are the variously devised alternative labor schemes that came on the heels of emancipation: the colonially-orchestrated efforts to contract free and voluntary workers to take the place of slaves in a system of production theoretically the moral antithesis of that earlier "peculiar institution." Yet scholarship on indentured labor systems has consistently revealed that the "freedom" of immigrant workers was merely nominal, the "voluntary" nature of their commitments arguable, and the indenture projects often only ideally a kinder, gentier form of labor extraction.
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McKay, J. "Who owns AustraliaÕs water – elements of an effective regulatory model." Water Science and Technology 48, no. 7 (October 1, 2003): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0437.
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This paper identifies and describes a number of global trends in regulatory theory and legal scholarship. It points out the huge level of complexity demanded by globalisation and the unfortunate complication of this is that there is legal indeterminacy. The legal indeterminacy springs from the desire to amend and alter existing models. That has been the thrust of the Council of Australian Governments changes to adapt and add huge amounts of complexity to a flawed system. This paper argues that an effective water regulatory model requires a fundamental re-examination of the concept of water ownership and a capturing by the State of the right to allocate rainfall. This foundation is effective and the way forward to deal with the key issues in this transition phase. The second key element to an effective regulatory model is the concept of performance-based assessment. This requires information and schemes to be set up to work out ways to monitor and evaluate the performance of the utility on selected criteria. For Australia at present there is a dire lack of agreed criteria on these key issues and these have the potential to pull apart the whole process. The key issues are indigenous rights, governance issues, public participation, alteration of pre-existing rights and incorporation of environmental requirements.