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Journal articles on the topic 'Schizophrenics Treatment'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Vandamme, Michel J., and Jean-Louis Nandrino. "Temperament and Character Inventory in Homicidal, Nonaddicted Paranoid Schizophrenic Patients: A Preliminary Study." Psychological Reports 95, no. 2 (October 2004): 393–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.95.2.393-406.

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This study assessed the personalities of 13 murderer schizophrenics using Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory, controlling different factors such as institution, treatment, detention or loss of liberty, and can discriminate between schizophrenic patients involved in homicide, schizophrenics with no past violent behavior, paranoiac murderers, and imprisoned murderers with no psychiatric history. Results show significantly that murderer schizophrenics had significantly higher scores on the subscale, Self-transcendence, than other groups, which suggests that Self-transcendence as measured may be an aggravating factor for schizophrenia and may be found in the personality of schizophrenic subjects who performed homicidal acts. This dimension constitutes a way and an additional element for diagnosis not available with the DSM–IV criteria. It may help understanding and predicting violent behavior among schizophrenic patients.
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2

Ozeki, Tomoe, Tetsuya Mouri, Hiroko Sugiura, Yuu Yano, and Kunie Miyosawa. "Impression Survey and Grounded Theory Analysis of the Development of Medication Support Robots for Patients with Schizophrenia." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 33, no. 4 (August 20, 2021): 747–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2021.p0747.

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Medication is a key treatment for patients with schizophrenia. Patients with schizophrenia tend to easily decrease medication adherence with long-term treatment. However, there is a chronic shortage of specialists who provide medication support, such as visiting nurses. In addition, these patients do not often use smartphones or PCs in their daily lives. Thus, schizophrenic patients need a direct approach in the physical world because they are unfamiliar with cyberspace. This study aims to improve the home treatment environment using robot technology that can approach in the physical world of schizophrenic patients who need medication support. In this study, collaboration between psychiatric nursing specialists and medical engineers investigated the interaction between communication robots and patients. The results showed that the robot was accepted by patients with schizophrenia as a talking partner. The amount of robot talking seemed to affect the impression of the robot on schizophrenics. Utterance process analysis showed that the smoothness of the conversation affected the relationship between robots and schizophrenics.
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3

Espina, Alberto, Asunción Ortego, Iñigo Ochoa de Alda, and Pilar González. "Dyadic adjustment in parents of schizophrenics." European Psychiatry 18, no. 5 (August 2003): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(03)00063-4.

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AbstractObjectiveTo study the dyadic adjustment in couples with a schizophrenic offspring.Method140 married couples, 67 with a children with schizophrenia, and two control groups: 41 couples without pathology and 32 couples with pathology, were assessed with the Dyadic Adjustment Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory and the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale.ResultsThe couples with a schizophrenic offspring evidenced significantly worse dyadic adjustment than did the normal controls, especially low consensus and cohesion in husbands, and low cohesion and satisfaction in wives. Anxiety and depression in mothers of schizophrenics is significantly higher than in mothers of controls.DiscussionThese findings suggest that the poor dyadic adjustment of the parents with a schizophrenic offspring could be an effect of the burden.ConclusionThe treatment on the schizophrenia should be supplemented by interventions aimed at parents’ dyadic adjustment, and mothers’ anxiety and depression, so that they can be in better conditions to help their child.
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4

Soyka, Michael, Sebastian Dittert, Martin Schäfer, Andreas Gartenmaier, Gerd Laux, Catja Winter, and Hans-Jürgen Möller. "Psychomotor Performance Under Neuroleptic Treatment in Schizophrenia." Zeitschrift für Neuropsychologie 12, no. 1 (February 2001): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024//1016-264x.12.1.49.

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Abstract: Cognitive dysfunction has been recognized as an important clinical feature of schizophrenia. The possible pharmacological effect of neuroleptics on cognitive and psychomotor function including driving ability is crucial for rehabilitation of schizophrenic patients. Atypical neuroleptics such as risperidone have been shown to improve cognitive deficits in schizophrenics. We conducted a naturalistic nonrandomized clinical study to determine the effect of risperidone on psychomotor function compared to haloperidol in schizophrenic patients. In this study the psychomotor performance of 26 patients, who met the ICD-10 and DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia, was assessed by means of ART-90, a computer-based Act & React Testsystem. 11 patients were on risperidone (mean dosage 4.0 mg) and 15 patients on haloperidol (mean dosage 10.5 mg). Patients were examined at discharge after psychopathological stabilization. In some relevant items the patients in the haloperidol group showed more impaired performance compared to the patients in the risperidone group. These preliminary data indicate a possible beneficial effect of risperidone compared to haloperidol on psychomotor performance and driving ability. Further randomized trials are necessary.
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5

Bird, J. M. "Computed Tomographic Brain Studies and Treatment Response in Schizophrenia." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 30, no. 4 (June 1985): 251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674378503000407.

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Ventricular enlargement has been described in chronic schizophrenia since 1927. The CT Scan has stimulated considerable interest and studies have shown that 50% of chronic schizophrenics and up to 20% of acute schizophrenics have enlarged ventricles. Widening of cortical sulci, cerebellar atrophy, third ventricular enlargement and reversed hemispheric assymetry have also been reported. Ventricular enlargement seems to both predate the development of psychosis and to develop further during the course of the illness. Twin studies indicate that ventricular enlargement may be the result both of genetic vulnerability and of environmental onslaught. The other abnormalities may be secondary. Schizophrenics without ventricular enlargement show disturbances of a range of Dopamine-related variables. Schizophrenics with ventricular enlargement show some evidence of serotonin and noradrenaline cell loss. Very few published papers address the issue of treatment response. These seem to demonstrate a relationship between enlargement and poor response to neuroleptic medication. Schizophrenics with very large ventricles may also be particularly sensitive to the adverse effects of neuroleptics. It is not yet clear that the CT Scan may be used to identify patients unlikely to respond to medication. Long term prospective studies are required.
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6

Erkwoh, R., M. Schreckenberger, U. Cremerius, A. Owega, C. Diekmann, G. Schulz, M. Zimny, H. Sass, U. Buell, and O. Sabri. "Altered Relationships Between rCBF in Different Brain Regions of Never-Treated Schizophrenics." Nuklearmedizin 36, no. 06 (1997): 194–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1629739.

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Summary Aim of this study was to investigate the relations between regiona cerebral blood flow (rCBF) of different brain regions in acute schizophrenia and following neuroleptic treatment. Methods: Twenty-two never-treated, acute schizophrenic patients were examined with HMPAO brain SPECT and assessed psychopathological-ly, and reexamined following neuroleptic treatment (over 96.8 days) and psychopathological remission. rCBF was determined by region/cerebel-lar count quotients obtained from 98 irregular regions of interest (ROIs), summed up to 11 ROIs on each hemisphere. In acute schizophrenics, interregional rCBF correlations of each ROI to every other ROI were compared to the interregional correlations following neuroleptic treatment and to those of controls. Results: All significant correlations of rCBF ratios of different brain regions were exclusively positive in controls and patients. In controls, all ROIs of one hemisphere except the mesial temporal ROI correlated significantly to its contralateral ROI. Each hemisphere showed significant frontal-temporal correlations, as well as cortical-subcortical and some cortico-limbic. In contrast, in acute schizophrenics nearly every ROI correlated significantly with every other ROI, without a grouping or relation of the rCBF of certain ROIs as in controls. After neuroleptic treatment and clinical improvement, this diffuse pattern of correlations remained. Conclusions: These results indicate differences in the neuronal interplay between regions in schizophrenic and healthy subjects. In never-treated schizophrenics, diffuse interregional rCBF correlations can be seen as a sign of change and dysfunction of the systems regulating specificity and diversity of the neuronal functions. Neuroleptic therapy and psychopathologic remission showed no normalizing effect on interregional correlations.
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7

Addington, Donald, and Heather L. Holley. "A Comparison of Voluntary with Remanded Schizophrenics." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 34, no. 2 (March 1989): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674378903400203.

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In this study two groups of schizophrenic patients are compared on a number of clinical and demographic variables. The first group consists of 52 consecutive admissions to a forensic assessment unit of patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. The second is a consectutive series of schizophrenic patients admitted to two open admission units. Significant differences were found between the two groups. Specifically the forensic patients were more often male, single and antisocial as assessed by previous convictions and more often transient or living semi-independently in sheltered accommodation. They were less compliant with treatment. The two groups did not differ with respect to clinical features such as duration of illness and number of hospitalizations. It is concluded that individual patient characteristics may contribute to an outcome of legal involvement among schizophrenics. The implications of this for service delivery and future research on criminalization are discussed.
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8

Warren, Jerry. "Psychological and Social Integration for Those Labeled Schizophrenic." Psychological Reports 58, no. 1 (February 1986): 243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1986.58.1.243.

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The scope and etiology of schizophrenia, the negative effects of neuroleptic treatment and involuntary hospitalization, and the lack of psychosocial rehabilitation services in the United States are noted. Self-help communes for former mental patients in Denmark and Germany are briefly described as providing a communal therapy through group meetings and daily communal life that apparently leads to psychological and social integration of individuals previously labeled schizophrenic. The development of similar communes for chronic schizophrenics is proposed for the United States.
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9

Tang, S. W. "Prediction of Treatment Response in Schizophrenia: Clinical Use of Neuroleptic Blood Levels." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 30, no. 4 (June 1985): 249–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674378503000406.

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The relationship between clinical response and plasma neuroleptic levels in schizophrenia is unclear. A part from the inadequacy of the plasma neuroleptic assay method, resistance to neuroleptic treatment in some schizophrenics presents a serious problem in studies looking into the plasma drug level versus clinical response correlation. Previous studies have suggested a very wide range of plasma neuroleptic levels in responders. At present, plasma neuroleptic level does not predict clinical response in schizophrenics in general, but may have application in special situations such as suspected drug toxicity, neuroleptic resistance or idiosyncratic response to neuroleptic drugs.
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10

Smith, Jeanette, Faye Grant, and Phil Brinded. "Schizophrenics Remanded to the Forensic Psychiatric Institute of British Columbia, 1975–1990." Medicine, Science and the Law 34, no. 3 (July 1994): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580249403400306.

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Clinical and legal data were collected on 1265 schizophrenic patients remanded to a maximum security hospital, for psychiatric evaluation of fitness to stand trial. Schizophrenics accounted for over half of the remand population. When compared to the non-schizophrenic group, they had more previous admissions to the Forensic Psychiatric Institute and the Provincial Mental Hospital. They were also more likely to be found unfit to stand trial or to have their charges stayed by the Crown. However, approximately half of the schizophrenics in this study returned to Court, fit to stand trial and with no further psychiatric treatment provided. This study raises major questions about the purpose and value of remanding schizophrenics to a maximum security hospital for in-patient fitness evaluations.
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11

Elk, R., B. J. Dickman, and A. F. Teggin. "Depression in Schizophrenia: A Study of Prevalence and Treatment." British Journal of Psychiatry 149, no. 2 (August 1986): 228–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.149.2.228.

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In an investigation of white, coloured, and black patients admitted to a psychiatric hospital, the prevalence and treatment of depression in schizophrenia was assessed and found to be 30% in group of acute, nuclear schizophrenics. While the prevalence was similar in the three groups, depression was clinically under-detected in black patients.
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12

Resch, F., P. Parzer, R. Oelkers-Ax, and R. Brunner. "Can Early Onset Schizophrenia be Prevented by Early Recognition and Treatment?" European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70337-2.

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In adult psychiatry early recognition and treatment of schizophrenia has become a major goal because of manifold evidence of a relation between delayed initiation of treatment and an unfavourable developmental course. The duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) seems to be significantly prolonged in adolescents compared to adults due to both a protracted sub-threshold development of psychotic features and the failure of families and health professionals to take seriously the initial signs of psychosis that mimic quasi normal adolescent emotional perturbations. Although in adults studies have shown a subset of prodromal signs and attenuated psychotic features to have predictive evidence for the development of schizophrenia, these symptoms however seem of limited specificity in adolescence. Basic symptoms represent subjective experiences of the prodromal phase and will be presented in a sample of schizophrenic adolescents in comparison to non-psychotic patients and normal controls. Results reveal that basic symptoms do not show any specificity for schizophrenia, but schizophrenics present with higher amounts of basic symptoms in the prodromal phase compared to non-psychotic controls. For early recognition a combination of psychopathological and biological markers seems fruitful. First data on perceptual closure and event related potentials of the optic system will be presented that seem to differentiate between early and late onset schizophrenia.
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13

Vieweg, Victor, James Levenson, Anand Pandurangi, and Joel Silverman. "Medical Disorders in the Schizophrenic Patient." International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 25, no. 2 (June 1995): 137–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/ttya-a89t-2yt9-uk2a.

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Objective: The primary purpose of this review of medical disorders in the schizophrenic patient is to provide the clinician interested in Consultation/ Liaison psychiatry and psychosomatic issues a comprehensive and current review of the subject. Method: The authors used the Index Medicus and Medline to find recent review articles and research articles related to medical disorders in the schizophrenic patient. Also, the authors described their clinical experience in Consultation/Liaison psychiatry working with schizophrenic patients in a large, tertiary-care academic medical center. Results: The authors divided their review into: 1) mortality and morbidity in schizophrenia, 2) differential diagnosis, 3) specific comorbidity management problems, 4) caring for schizophrenics on medical/surgical wards, and 5) antipsychotic drugs in the medical setting. Schizophrenia remains an important subject for Consultation/Liaison psychiatrists. Conclusions: Schizophrenia and its protean manifestations confound the care of the medical patient. The psychosis of schizophrenia may impair the patient's capacity to recognize or articulate emerging medical illness, or to respond to therapeutic interventions. The psychiatrist caring for and consulting on patients with medical illnesses bears major responsibility for understanding the complex interface of schizophrenia and medical illnesses. Psychiatrists need to educate our medical and surgical colleagues how schizophrenia alters the usual presentation, clinical course, and response to treatment of common medical and surgical illnesses.
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14

Wright, J. J., and R. R. Kydd. "Schizophrenia as a Disorder of Cerebral State Transition." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 20, no. 2 (June 1986): 167–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048678609161329.

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This paper offers a speculative consideration of the schizophrenic process in the light of recent findings concerning the wave nature of electrocortical activity. These findings indicate that changes of brain state can be described in the terminology of finite-state machines, and both the instantaneous states and the state transitions can be specified. It is suggested that the mental phenomena of schizophrenia may be reducible to events (some specific type of instability) which could be observed by appropriate analytic techniques applied to EEG. Present empirical EEG findings in schizophrenics are reviewed in this light, and the role of dopamine blockade in treatment is also considered.
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15

Bergiannaki, J. D., J. Hatzimanolis, J. Liappas, P. N. Sakkas, and C. N. Stefanis. "Relapse prevention in schizophrenia: attitudes of neurologists-psychiatrists." European Psychiatry 16, no. 2 (March 2001): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(01)00542-9.

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The overall high relapse rates observed in schizophrenia are attributed to several causes. One important factor influencing satisfactory prevention of relapse is the lack of consistent treatment strategies among medical doctors, especially neurologists-psychiatrists. Nearly one-third of the members of the Hellenic Society of Neurology and Psychiatry were asked to fill in anonymously a structured questionnaire on their treatment attitudes and prescribing tactics regarding schizophrenic patients both after the first schizophrenic episode and after multiple episodes. The majority of Greek neurologists-psychiatrists seem to adopt prescribing habits that approximate the current international standards for prevention of schizophrenic relapse. Their attitudes regarding the treatment and prevention of relapse for the first schizophrenic episode and first relapse are determined from multiple factors. These are: the expected relapse rates after the first episode, the expected prevalence of extrapyramidal side effects following a long-term neuroleptic treatment, the patient’s expected treatment compliance after the first episode, the doctor’s experience with treating schizophrenics, and lastly the knowledge of current literature on the topic. These results point to the need for continuing education, especially of the younger mental health professionals and those working in the private sector, addressing the issue of the actual risk of developing side effects from the treatment. In due course, benefits could result for everyday psychiatric practice and the patients’ compliance with treatment.
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16

Owen, Michael J., Shôn W. Lewis, and Robin M. Murray. "Family History and Cerebral Ventricular Enlargement in Schizophrenia." British Journal of Psychiatry 154, no. 5 (May 1989): 629–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.154.5.629.

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Ventricular size was measured from CT scans in 48 patients meeting RDC for schizophrenia who had a first-degree relative with a history of treatment for major psychiatric disorder, in 48 age- and sex-matched schizophrenic patients with no such history in first- or second-degree relatives, and in 48 matched, healthy controls. There was no difference in ventricular size between those with and without a positive family history, although both groups showed ventricular enlargement with respect to normal controls. Ventricular enlargement was demonstrated in the subgroup of 23 patients with a family history of schizophrenia, but not in the subgroup of 18 patients with a family history of affective disorder. These observations provide further evidence that schizophrenics with a family history of affective disorder may constitute an aetiologically distinct subgroup.
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17

Vijaywargia, Tarun. "Adjuvant role of testosterone in treatment of schizophrenia and its interaction with combination of first and second generation anti-psychotics, chlorpromazine and risperidone." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 7, no. 7 (June 22, 2018): 1247. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20182422.

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Background: There is great controversy about role of male sex steroid, testosterone, in mental disorders like schizophrenia. This study assessed the effectiveness of testosterone in schizophrenic patients and probes how it modulates the action of combination of first and second generation anti-psychotic medications (Chlorpromazine + Risperidone) both of which are very commonly used anti-psychotic agents in clinical psychiatric practice.Methods: It Is randomized, double-blind, Clinical study performed in Indian schizophrenic patients (new cases) in the Department of psychiatry from Feb 2003 to March 2004. Patients twelve (12) patients aged 20 to 60 years diagnosed schizophrenics according to ICD-10 Criteria who visited in outpatient department of psychiatry during study period. 12 Patient was treated with combination of oral Chlorpromazine 200mg BD + oral Risperidone 2mg BD, half of the 12 patients also received single dose of testosterone 100mg intramuscularly with above-mentioned treatment. Measure How symptomatology in schizophrenic patients affected is measured by applying various validated psychiatric scales like Brief psychiatric Rating Score (BPRS), Scale for assessment of positive symptom(SAPS), and Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS).Results: Single dose of Testosterone 100mg administered initially by I.M. route potentiated the reduction level in negative symptoms of schizophrenia by 119% in patients receiving oral Chlorpromazine 200mg along with oral Risperidone 4mg/day.Conclusions: In this study, Testosterone potentiated the effects of combination of oral Chlorpromazine 100mg BD + Risperidone 2mg BD, on general psychotic manifestations, positive symptoms and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, assessed on BPRS, SAPS and SANS scoring scales, however the effect is most pronounced in negative symptomology of schizophrenia.
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18

Anonymous. "Psychosocial treatment can help schizophrenics." Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services 34, no. 7 (July 1996): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0279-3695-19960701-20.

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19

Harris, M. J., J. S. Paulsen, A. C. Schalz, and D. V. Jeste. "Maintenance treatment in older schizophrenics." Biological Psychiatry 39, no. 7 (April 1996): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3223(96)83987-4.

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20

Sumartyawati, Made, N. L. Sudiarti, I. M. E. Santosa, C. Sepriana, and Sukardin Sukardin. "Brain Gym Therapy For Schizophrenics Cognitive Function In Mental Hospital." Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Keperawatan Indonesia 11, no. 03 (September 26, 2021): 110–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33221/jiiki.v11i03.1239.

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Background: The cognitive function of the patient at the Intermediate Room of RSJ Mutiara Sukma has not improved. Objectives: This study aims to determine the effect of brain exercise therapy on cognitive function in schizophrenic patients. Methods: A quasy experimental study with non-equivalent control group before and after design was performed. The population were all schizophrenic patients in the intermediate room. Incidental sampling was carried out and obtained 40 cooperative schizophrenic patients and its divided into treatment and control groups. Cognitive function was assessed using the Schizophrenia Cognitive Rating Scale (SCoRS) and the difference in effect was measured using the independent-t test with SPSS Results: The mean of cognitive function at the treatment group was 44 before and 36 after treatment, at the control group was 50 before and 47 after treatment. The p value of the Lavene test was 0,000 with a 2-tailled sig of 0.001 on the independent t-test, showed a significant difference between the cognitive function of the treatment group and the control group Conclusion: The study showed that there were different effects of brain exercise therapy on reduction of cognitive function in schizophrenia patients in the intermediate room.
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21

Byrne, Alan, and Brian O'Shea. "Adverse Interaction Between Cimetidine and Chlorpromazine in Two Cases of Chronic Schizophrenia." British Journal of Psychiatry 155, no. 3 (September 1989): 413–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.155.3.413.

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The treatment of two chlorpromazine-medicated chronic schizophrenics with cimetidine resulted in excessive sedation, which necessitated a reduction in chlorpromazine dosage. Eventual discontinuation of cimetidine therapy led to a return of schizophrenic symptoms, which responded to an increase in chlorpromazine dosage to previous levels.
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22

Mandic-Gajic, Gordana. "Group art therapy as adjunct therapy for the treatment of schizophrenic patients in day hospital." Vojnosanitetski pregled 70, no. 11 (2013): 1065–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp1311065m.

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Introduction. The schizophrenics are frequently disinterested and resistant to standard care. Case report. We presented clinical observations of group art therapy of two schizophrenic patients during integrative therapy in Day Hospital. We modified the original ?Synallactic collective image technique? (Vassiliou G, Vassiliou V.). The group is open, heterogeneous, meets once a week and discusses on exhibited drawings, drawn by free associations. The patients' drawings and group protocols showed clinical improvement by lowering depressive themes, more human figures and self-confidence. The obvious severity of markedly impairment on Clinical Global Impression (CGI) and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scales on admission with minimal improvement at discharge was rated. Conclusion. Group art therapy enables visual expression of emotions, perceptions and cognitions, develops creative potentials and support within the group, thus facilitating the integrative therapeutic process of schizophrenics. It may be useful adjunctive therapy for schizoprenic patients.
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23

Lobacheva, O. A., T. P. Vetlugina, and T. A. Menyavtseva. "Dynamics of psychopathological symptomatology and cytokine levels in the process of schizophrenic patients treatment." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73138-8.

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ObjectiveInvestigation of spontaneous, mitogen-induced production and serum concentration of IFN-γ, IL-4 and TNF-α of schizophrenic patients with different dynamic of psychopathological symptomatology during therapy.MethodsClinical Global Impression Scale (CGI, subscale CGI-С) was used to estimate dynamic of psychopathological symptomatology during treatment: 32 schizophrenics were divided into two groups: group 1 (10 patients) - with considerable improvement of psychopathological symptomatology; 2 (22 persons) - with non-considerable improvement or without changes.Serum concentration, spontaneous, mitogen-induced production of IFN-γ, IL-4, TNF-α by leukocytes of schizophrenics was identified with sets for immune-enzyme analysis in dynamic of treatment (point 1 - during admission in hospital, point 2 - by week 6 of treatment).ResultsIn point 1, mitogen-induced production of IL-4, serum IFN-γ, spontaneous production and serum TNF-α significantly exceeded values in control. Simultaneously, in these examined we noticed decrease of induced production of IFN-γ and TNF-α. Group 1 showed higher values of induced production of IFN-γ and lower values induced production of TNF-α as compared with group 2.In point 2, in patients of group 1, we established significant increase of mitogen-induced and spontaneous production of TNF-α, spontaneous production of IFN-γ as compared with conformable values prior to treatment. Increase of induced production of IL-4 has a trend toward lowering serum concentration of TNF-α, what was shown in both groups.ConclusionThus, schizophrenia is accompanied by disturbances of cytokine levels. We identified that favorable clinical dynamic was followed by the positive dynamic of mitogen-induced production of IFN-γ and serum level of TNF-α.
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24

McClelland, H. A., G. Harrison, and S. D. Soni. "Brief Intermittent Neuroleptic Prophylaxis for Selected Schizophrenic Out-patients." British Journal of Psychiatry 155, no. 05 (November 1989): 702–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s0007125000018237.

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“A study was conducted to investigate a novel approach to the prophylaxis of schizophrenic relapse. The treatment strategy comprised brief intermittent courses of neuroleptic agents begun as soon as non-psychotic symptoms believed to be early signs of relapse appeared. Fifty four stable, remitted outpatients meeting the American Psychiatric Association's DSM–III criteria for schizophrenia were randomised double blind to receive brief intermittent treatment with either active or placebo depot neuroleptic injections. Only three patients given placebo injections and two controls were admitted to hospital during one year of follow up. Eight (30%) of the patients given placebo injections and only 2 (7%) of the controls, however, had a recurrence of schizophrenic symptoms. Patients given placebo injections experienced fewer extrapyramidal side effects and showed a trend towards a reduction in tardive dyskinesia. Dysphoric and neurotic symptoms were identified before eight out of 11 relapses, and these symptoms were more frequent in patients given placebo depot injections. These results suggest a viable but not necessarily better alternative to continuous oral or depot treatment for less ill, chronic, stabilised schizophrenics based on the early treatment of putative prodromal symptoms of relapse.”
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McClelland, H. A., G. Harrison, and S. D. Soni. "Brief Intermittent Neuroleptic Prophylaxis for Selected Schizophrenic Out-patients." British Journal of Psychiatry 155, no. 5 (November 1989): 702–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.155.5.702.

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“A study was conducted to investigate a novel approach to the prophylaxis of schizophrenic relapse. The treatment strategy comprised brief intermittent courses of neuroleptic agents begun as soon as non-psychotic symptoms believed to be early signs of relapse appeared. Fifty four stable, remitted outpatients meeting the American Psychiatric Association's DSM–III criteria for schizophrenia were randomised double blind to receive brief intermittent treatment with either active or placebo depot neuroleptic injections. Only three patients given placebo injections and two controls were admitted to hospital during one year of follow up. Eight (30%) of the patients given placebo injections and only 2 (7%) of the controls, however, had a recurrence of schizophrenic symptoms. Patients given placebo injections experienced fewer extrapyramidal side effects and showed a trend towards a reduction in tardive dyskinesia. Dysphoric and neurotic symptoms were identified before eight out of 11 relapses, and these symptoms were more frequent in patients given placebo depot injections. These results suggest a viable but not necessarily better alternative to continuous oral or depot treatment for less ill, chronic, stabilised schizophrenics based on the early treatment of putative prodromal symptoms of relapse.”
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26

Weidong, J., Z. Guoquan, T. Hua, H. Peirong, G. Yunqing, C. Hao, W. Donghua, and C. Guoyuan. "The effect of cognitive flexibility on skill rehabilition training of schizophrenics in community." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72145-9.

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ObjectiveTo study the effect of cognitive flexibility on skill rehabilition training of schizophrenics in community.Methods150 schizophrenic outpatients in their rehabilitation stage were randomly divided into skills training group (100 cases) and control group (50 cases with five drop of). The training lasted for 24 weeks and the patients were followed up for 12 weeks. The assessing instruments included PANSS (positive and negative symptom scale), MRSS (morning. side rehabilitation stage scale) and cognitive flexibility (WCST, Stroop test and Trail making).Results133 subjects completed the trial. The scores of PANSS, the negative subscale, the General Psychopathology subscale in both groups decreased signifieantly after treatment (P < 0.05∼P < 0.01). The scores of MRSS, Dependency subscale, Inactivity subscale, effects of Current Symptoms and Deviant Behavior Subscale in the skills training group decreased significantly after treatment (P< 0.05∼P < 0.01); the reductions of PANSS, MRSS between two groups were not significant different; Relapse rate was lower in the skills training group than that in the control group, without a statistical significant. Within skills training group, the numbers of continuous error (WCST) and correct error in effective group was better than those in ineffective group.ConclusionCommunity reintegration skill is of benefit to rehabilitation of schizophrenics in decreasing symptoms, improving social function and decreasing defect. The cognitive flexibility and the effect of skill training rehabilitation in chronic schizophrenia patients has certain relations.
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van der Weide, J., L. S. W. Steijns, M. A. M. van der Geld, and P. A. de Groot. "D3 dopamine receptor mRNA expression in lymphocytes: a peripheral marker for schizophrenia?" Acta Neuropsychiatrica 15, no. 2 (April 2003): 91–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1601-5215.2003.00010.x.

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Background:Identification of schizophrenia, a common neuropsychiatric disorder, is based on clinical examination. An easily measurable peripheral marker, which may enable a more rapid and more accurate diagnosis, is not available. A possible candidate is the D3 dopamine receptor on lymphocytes.Objective:The D3 receptor is investigated for its clinical significance as a marker for diagnosing schizophrenia.Methods:From eight schizophrenic patients and eight controls lymphocyte RNA was isolated. A semiquantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was carried out and the intensities of the specific D3 dopamine receptor bands of patients and controls were compared.Results:No difference could be seen between the intensities of the bands from patients and controls.Conclusion:An aberrant D3 dopamine receptor mRNA expression in lymphocytes of schizophrenics could not be demonstrated. This might be caused by down-regulation of D3 receptor production by antipsychotic drug treatment. At present, the D3 receptor seems to have no diagnostic value in schizophrenia.
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Henna Neto, Jorge, and Hélio Elkis. "Clinical aspects of super-refractory schizophrenia: a 6-month cohort observational study." Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria 29, no. 3 (September 2007): 228–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-44462007000300007.

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OBJECTIVE: Approximately 30% of treatment-resistant schizophrenic patients do not fully respond to Clozapine and such patients are termed Clozapine non-responders or super-refractory schizophrenics. The aim of this study was to characterize patients with super-refractory schizophrenia according to demographic and psychopathological variables, as compared with patients with refractory schizophrenia or non-refractory subjects. METHOD: One hundred two outpatients meeting DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia were followed-up for 6 months. Subjects were classified into 3 groups: non-refractory (n = 25), refractory (n = 43) and super-refractory (n = 34). Psychopathology was assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, the Schedule for Deficit Syndrome, the Calgary Depression Scale and the Quality of Life Scale. Patients were rated at 2-month intervals. RESULTS: Higher levels of severity at the disease onset as well as higher severity of positive symptoms were found to be predictive of super-refractoriness. CONCLUSIONS: The super-refractory schizophrenia patients have psychopathological predictive factors that need studies comparing brain images, genetical features and other clinical comparisons.
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Djordjevic, V., and M. Knezevic. "Low erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity in schizophrenic patients is mediated by gender, the number of episodes, disease duration and drug treatment." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S246—S247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.625.

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IntroductionInconsistent data showed that erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in schizophrenics is altered.AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate whether some of the demographic, clinical and therapeutic factors had any significant impact on erythrocyte GPx activity in patients with schizophrenia.MethodsThis study included 68 schizophrenic patients and 59 healthy individuals. GPx activity was tested related to patient age, gender, heredity, the onset of the disease, the duration of the disease, the number of episodes, PANSS scores and drug treatment. GPx activity was determined in erythrocyte hemolysates by Ransel commercially available test.ResultsErythrocyte GPx activity was significantly lower in patients with schizophrenia than in controls. Male patients had significantly lower GPx activity in comparison with those in female ones. Heredity negative patients showed significantly lower enzyme activity compared to control values. Significantly lower GPx activity was obtained independently of the onset of the disease. The patient group having more than one psychotic episode also showed significantly lower GPx activity compared to the control group. The disease duration of more than 1 year caused a significant decrease in enzyme activity. There was a significant difference in GPx activity between patients with different PANSS scores. In patients treated with second generation antipsychotics and in those treated with both first and second generation antipsychotics, GPx activity was significantly lower than in controls.ConclusionThis study shows that the low erythrocyte GPx activity in schizophrenics depends on patient gender, the number of episodes, disease duration and drug treatment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Theotoka, Ilia, G. M. Papageorgiou, E. Polyzopoulos, Ch Istikoglou, and C. Vlachos. "Neuropsychological Assessment in Treatment — Resistant Schizophrenics." European Psychiatry 12, S2 (1997): 179s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(97)80530-5.

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Sramek, John, Jerome Costa, Yi Jin, Bala Gulasekarem, Ebtesam Khaled, Steven Potkin, and Neil R. Cutler. "Tiospirone in Chronic Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenics." Drug Investigation 2, no. 1 (March 1990): 65–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03259404.

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Bellack, Alan S. "Treatment outcome evaluation methodology with schizophrenics." Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy 11, no. 3 (January 1989): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0146-6402(89)90022-2.

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Carpenter, William T. "Carbamazepine Maintenance Treatment in Outpatient Schizophrenics." Archives of General Psychiatry 48, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1991.01810250071010.

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34

Williams, Richard, Dermot Walsh, and J. Thomas Dalby. "Services to schizophrenic patients: epidemiological and cost-effectiveness issues." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 9, no. 2 (November 1992): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700013525.

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AbstractObjective: This study is designed to evaluate a hospital based integrated service for the comprehensive delivery of care and treatment to patients with schizophrenia, on epidemeological, cost effectiveness, and quality of life parameters. Methods: All patients with an ICD9 diagnosis of schizophrenia who received services from the St. Lomans Catchment area during a 2 year period were evaluated for service utilization during a subsequent 2 year period. Data was collected on basic demographics for the epidemiological aspects of the study, and for all aspects of services utilized, eg. day hospital attendance, inpatient bed useage, time spent with psychiatrist, community nurse visit or clinic visit. Costs for all services were calculated using disaggregate cost data. Quality of life of the patients was assessed through the Lehman quality of life questionnaire administered to every third identified patient. Results: 572 schizophrenic patients were identified from the case register and case records search. An analysis of the data indicated no difference in age of first contact with services on rural/urban or male/female comparisons contrasting with previously reported findings. Males tend to utilize proportionately more services in both rural and urban settings. Inpatient hospitalizations contributed the most to per patient costs and a small group of patients, comprising less than 5% of the total population, consumed 10% of the total costs consumed by all diagnostic groups and 30% of the costs of all schizophrenics. Non-hospitalized patients experienced the highest quality of life ratings. Conclusions: Hospital based community services to schizophrenics can be run cost-effectively. There remains a small subgroup of schizophrenic patients who are hard to place or treat in the community and they consume a disporportionate amount of the hospital's costs. Services that attempt to establish patients in the community can do so cost effectively provided there are hospital inpatient beds available as a back up. The benefits of this type of comprehensive service delivery to the schizophrenic population served are demonstrated.
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Agustini, Titik Dyah, Azimatul Karimah, and Ivana Sajogo. "Community Based Pasung Release on Schizophrenia." Jurnal Psikiatri Surabaya 10, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jps.v10i1.20638.

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Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder, persistent, chronic, easy to relapse. Schizophrenics at risk of becoming victims of pasung. Confinement is any form of limitation of movement of people with mental illness by families and/or communities. The government has launched the program to end pasung, but the incidence of pasung in the community is still quite high. Liberation of community-based pasung includes prevention of pasung, handling of pasung and rehabilitation of post-pasung. The method of community-based pasung release at the rehabilitation stage that is widely used is Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) and has been proven to reduce recurrence and hospitalization rates in schizophrenics so as to reduce the incidence of pasung and prevent re-pasung.
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36

Nikpour, G. A., A. Homayouni, and A. Khanmohammadi. "Episodic Memory in Schizophrenic Patients, their Biological Relatives and Normal People." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71410-5.

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Introduction and aim:In order to better understanding of the schizophrenia, the present study examines one of the most problem, memory impairments, specially episodic memory in schizophrenic patients, their biological relatives and comparison with normal people.Method:20 schizophrenic patients, 20 their biological relatives and 20 normal people were randomly selected and William's individual episodic memory test (WIEMT) was administered on them. in the research to the participants were presented 15 target words (5 pleasant, 5 unpleasant,5 neutral words). the participants were asked to recall a past memory associated with target words. ANOVA test was used to analyze the data.Results:Finding showed significant differences among groups. Majority of schizophrenics oriented to choose neutral and somewhat unpleasant stimuli (words) and recall their past memory with depressive and unpleasant theme and their relatives too. But majority of normal people choose the better and pleasant words with good and pleasant their past memory.Discussion:Our results reveal that deficits in episodic memory perception can be regarded one of the most prominent cognitive deficits in schizophrenia and should thus be taken seriously in both its diagnosis and treatment. So it stresses the importance of assessing memory function impairments in clinical settings. Also choosing the neutral (and not pleasant) stimuli (words) may cause tendency to depressed mood and it can impair social cognition in schizophrenia that may be an important predictor of social dysfunction.
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Owens, D. G. C., E. C. Johnstone, T. J. Crow, C. D. Frith, J. R. Jagoe, and L. Kreel. "Lateral ventricular size in schizophrenia: relationship to the disease process and its clinical manifestations." Psychological Medicine 15, no. 1 (February 1985): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700020900.

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SynopsisUsing computed tomography, lateral ventricular size was studied in a sample of 112 institutionalized chronic schizophrenic patients (selected from 510 cases to investigate the correlates of the defect state and intellectual decline and the effects of insulin, electroconvulsive and neuroleptic treatment), and compared with matched groups of non-institutionalized schizophrenics, patients with first schizophrenic episodes, institutionalized and non-institutionalized patients with primary affective disorder, and neurotic out-patients. Age was significantly correlated (P< 0·0002) with lateral ventricular size, but the institutionalized schizophrenic patients had significantly larger (P< 0·025) lateral ventricles than the neurotics when age was taken into account. Ventricular enlargement was unrelated to past physical treatment (neuroleptics, insulin coma and electroconvulsive therapy).Within the group of institutionalized schizophrenic patients few correlates of ventricular enlargement were identified; thus in this population increased ventricular size was not clearly associated with the features of the defect state (negative symptoms and intellectual impairment). however, there was a curvilinear (inverted-U) relationship between intellectual function and ventricular size was significantly related to absence of hallucinations, impairment of social behaviour, inactivity and the presence of abnormal involuntary movements.The findings confirm that structural brain changes do occur in chronic schizophrenia, but illustrate some of the difficulties in elucidating the clinical significance of ventricular enlargement. Lateral not bimodal; the relationship to particular features of the disease is complex and likely to emerge only in studies with a large sample size.
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Cotton, Paul G., Robert E. Drake, and Charlene Gates. "Critical Treatment Issues in Suicide Among Schizophrenics." Psychiatric Services 36, no. 5 (May 1985): 534–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ps.36.5.534.

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Govorin, N., and T. Zlova. "Lipid Peroxidation of Schizophrenics in Insulin Treatment." European Psychiatry 12, S2 (1997): 209s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(97)80647-5.

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40

Iodice, Jody D., and John S. Wodarski. "Aftercare Treatment for Schizophrenics Living at Home." Social Work 32, no. 2 (March 1, 1987): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sw/32.2.122.

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Rund, BR, and AK Torgalsbøen. "Fully recovered schizophrenics compared to chronic patients on premorbid and treatment characteristics." Psychiatry and Psychobiology 5, no. 2 (1990): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0767399x00003953.

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SummaryTen fully recovered schizophrenics (Group A) were compared to 10 chronic schizophrenic patients (Group B) on several variables concerning premorbid adjustment, family interaction, hospitalization, and treatment. Patients in Group A were clearly, but not statistically significantly better than patients in Group B on premorbid adjustment. Likewise, a clear tendency toward an earlier onset of the illness in Group B patients was found. There were also differences between the 2 groups on some family interaction variables, firstly with regard to leadership in the farnily and parent capability for empathy and ability to give love and care. The most important differences were found, however, with respect to treatment. Almost all patients in Group A had been in psychotherapy, while this was only the case for 2 patients in Group B. Patients in Group A attached great importance to the psychotherapeutic treatment, and some also to their religious belief and/or the psychological support from their spouse, in explaining why they had been cured from the illness.
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42

Galbraith, D. A., B. A. ,. Gordon, V. Feleki, N. Gordon, and A. J. Cooper. "Metachromatic Leukodystrophy (MLD) in Hospitalized Adult Schizophrenic Patients Resistant to Drug Treatment." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 34, no. 4 (May 1989): 299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674378903400406.

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Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is a rare inherited neurodegenerative disease associated with a defect in the catabolism of sulphatide (galactocerebroside-sulphate) which accumulates in the nervous system. MLD can be diagnosed biochemically by demonstrating deficiency in the activity of the enzyme arylsulphatase A (ASA) and an excess of sulphatide in urine and tissues. Cinically adult MLD may present as a schizophrenic-like psychosis, which typically develops years before the onset of neurologial signs which are not inevitable. Urinary ASA was investigated in 99 chronic hospitalized psychiatric patients (including 77 schizophrenics). Thirteen showed reduced ASA activity. Of the nine who were available for further study, only one evinced reduced ASA activity in other tissues (for example, leukocytes and cultured fibroblasts). However, there was no evidence of sulphatidurea with impaired sulphatide hydrolysis in his intact cultured fibroblasts. Therefore, he tested negative for MLD. This biochemical profile is known as pseudosulphatase deficiency. The possible relationship of pseudosulphatase deficiency to schizophrenic-like conditions is discussed.
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43

Futrawan, Richie, Mustafa M. Amin, and Elmeida Effendy. "Pasung of Schizophrenic patients in Pekanbaru City." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 9, T3 (June 15, 2021): 96–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.6337.

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BACKGROUND: Pasung is an act using a block of wood on someone’s hands and/or feet, tied or chained, exiled in a separate place in the house or in the forest. Mental disorders are still a serious mental health problem in Indonesia. There are still many schizophrenics who do not receive medical treatment or who drop out of medical treatment and eventually put in a Pasung. CASE REPORT: We found several cases of patients with schizophrenia who were incarcerated, men aged 43 years and 40 years. They were diagnosed with schizophrenia with different characteristics of the disorder, different treatments, and in the end the Pasung became the last alternative completed by the family. CONCLUSION: Ignorance of the family and surrounding community over the early detection and forced treatment at the Mental Hospital (asylum), causing patients not handled properly. It is only culturally known by the family to handle it, Pasung that is to prevent people with severe mental disorders from endangering themselves and others.
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44

Sweet, Emily. "The Religious Schizophrenic: Why Spirituality is Crucial for Recovery." Athens Journal of Health and Medical Sciences 8, no. 3 (June 24, 2021): 171–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajhms.8-3-2.

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Up to 80% of schizophrenic patients use religion to cope with their illness. These positive spiritual coping strategies are the primary predictor of mental wellness in patients with schizophrenia. Yet, most medical professionals have no religious training and are often ill-equipped to guide their schizophrenic patients in spiritual matters. Typically, religious institutions and modern medicine are not associated together, but what happens when mental health professionals lack the training to assist 80% of their schizophrenic patients who use religion as a coping strategy? Schizophrenic patients whose beliefs are not respected have a higher rate of suicide, face increased stigma and report a lower overall quality of life. Such patients are more likely to decline mentally and drop out of treatment. Some scholars, psychologists and philosophers are now arguing that ignoring the connection between religion and mental wellness is unethical because practitioners are failing to take patient diversity into account. This paper will attempt to answer the following questions: In an increasingly diverse world, is it the responsibility of mental health professionals to learn about their patients’ religious beliefs, especially when their beliefs are so closely intertwined with their chances at successfully managing their illness, such as the case with schizophrenics? Why is it a good idea to consider combining religion and healthcare? Should the increase in diverse patients require additional training for mental health professionals? Is it unethical for a mental health care professional to be ignorant of diverse cultures and religions? What are the dangers of allowing medical professionals, who largely have no training in religious affairs, to guide mentally ill patients? What are the potential solutions for this problem? Which solutions are more effective and why? Are the current practiced healthcare models, which combine medicine and religion, effective? Keywords: schizophrenia, religion, treatment, therapy, psychosis, stigma
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Goldstein, Jill M., and Dolores Kreisman. "Gender, family environment and schizophrenia." Psychological Medicine 18, no. 4 (November 1988): 861–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700009806.

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SynopsisThis study examined the relationship between patient's gender and family environment, and the consequences of this for the course of treatment of schizophrenia. Data for 160 DSM-III schizophrenics and a family member were obtained regarding attitudes towards treatment, tolerance of symptomatic deviance, and one-year rehospitalization and lengths of hospital stay. Findings suggest that ill sons may be sent to hospital more often and remain in hospital longer than ill daughters, in part due to social norms and expectations of parents associated with gender.
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Chandrasena, Ranjith. "Catatonic Schizophrenia: An International Comparative Study." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 31, no. 3 (April 1986): 249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674378603100313.

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Thirty-five hospitalized catatonic schizophrenic patients from Sri Lanka were compared with 22 patients in the U. K. and 13 in Canada. The phenomenology was established using the Present State Examination. Results suggest that ethnicity, chronicity of illness and reception of neuroleptic treatment may influence the lower prevalence of catatonic symptoms among the U.K. and Canadian schizophrenics. Onset of illness appears to be among young adults and mutism, stupor, mannerisms, stereotypes and negativism were the common catatonic symptoms observed.
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Woldesenbet, Yohannes Markos, Arefayne Alenko, Iyasu Tadesse Bukata, Lealem Gedefaw, and Chaltu Fikru. "The status of serum cortisol before and after treatment of schizophrenia and its correlation to disease severity and improvement: A longitudinal study." SAGE Open Medicine 9 (January 2021): 205031212110562. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20503121211056216.

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Background: Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis functioning, with cortisol as its major output hormone, has been presumed to play a key role in the development of psychopathology of schizophrenia. Objective: We examined the association of serum cortisol with disease severity and improvement in schizophrenia patients in Jimma, Ethiopia. Method: A total of 34 newly diagnosed schizophrenics were included in this study. Data on demographic, behavioral, clinical state, serum cholesterol level, and antipsychotic usage were obtained at baseline and after 8 weeks. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale was used to assess psychotic symptoms severity. A paired sample t-test was used to compare baseline and post-treatment values. Linear regression was used to assess associations. Result: Post-treatment serum cortisol level was significantly lower than its baseline value ( p = 0.001). There was also a significant positive and negative psychotic symptoms decrease after treatment (baseline positive psychotic vs post-treatment positive psychotic symptoms: t(33) = 6.24 (95% confidence interval = 7.03,13.84, p = 0.000) and (baseline negative psychotic vs post-treatment negative psychotic symptoms: t(33) = 4.21 (95% confidence interval = 3.82, 10.99, p = 0.000). At baseline, neither positive nor negative subscore on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale showed an association with serum cortisol level ( B = −0.016, p = 0.794 and B = −0.032, p = 0.594). However, serum cortisol level showed strong associations with post-treatment positive sub scores and negative sub scores ( B = 0.167, p = 0.007) and ( B = 0.144, p = 0.010) on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Conclusion: We found a significant decrease in serum cortisol level after antipsychotics treatment and that was associated with improvement in psychotic symptoms in schizophrenics in Jimma, Ethiopia.
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Pérez Revuelta, J., I. Lara Ruiz-Granados, F. Gonzalez Saiz, J. M. Pascual Paño, and J. M. VIllagran Moreno. "DECIDE study: Effectiveness of shared decision making in treatment planning at discharge of inpatient with schizophrenia: Half sample interim analysis, preliminary conclusions." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): s278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.742.

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DECIDE StudyEffectiveness of shared decision making in treatment planning at discharge of inpatient with schizophrenia: interim analysis.IntroductionShared decision-making denotes a structured process that encourages full participation by patient and provider in making complex medical decisions. Hamann et al. conducted a few years ago a randomized controlled trial with schizophrenic inpatients and found increased knowledge and perceived involvement in decisions about antipsychotic treatment at discharge by the experimental group, but not clear beneficial effects on long term outcomes. The present communication introduces the DECIDE study.Aims and objectivesOf the study: to demonstrate the effectiveness, measured as treatment adherence and readmissions at 3, 6 and 12 months, of shared decision making in the choice of antipsychotic treatment at discharge in a simple of schizophrenics hospitalized after an acute episode of their disorder. Of the oral presentation: to present preliminary conclusions with more of the half of the sample.MethodsRandomized controlled trial, prospective, two parallel groups, not masked, comparing two interventions (shared decision making and treatment as usual). Study population: inpatients diagnosed of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders (ICD-10/DSM-IV-R: F20 y F25) at Adult Acute Hospitalization Unit at Jerez General Hospital.ResultsAt discharge, increased scale score COMRADE, both subscales (Satisfacción in communication and trust in the decision) statistically significant. At 3 months follow-up, intensification of these differences in effect size and statistical significance and shows trends in health outcomes. We will present results for 6 and 12 months.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Lubis, M. Putra Mahmuddin, and Muhammad Surya Husada. "Traditional Body Restraint in Schizophrenia." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, T7 (March 28, 2022): 74–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.9276.

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Background: Pasung – a traditional body restraint is an act using a block of wood on someone's hands and / or feet, tied or chained, exiled in a separate place in the house or in the forest. Mental disorders are still a serious problem in mental health in Indonesia. There are still many schizophrenics who do not receive medical treatment or who drop out of medical treatment and eventually put in a Pasung. Case Report: We found several cases of patients with schizophrenia who were incarcerated, men aged 35 years and 48 years. They were diagnosed with schizophrenia with different characteristics of the disorder, different treatments and in the end the Pasung became the last alternative completed by the family. Conclusion: Ignorance of the family and surrounding community over the early detection and forced treatment at the Mental Hospital(asylum), causing patients not handled properly. It is only culturally known by the family to handle it, Pasung that is to prevent people with severe mental disorders from endangering themselves and others.
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Sidoun, Paul, and Et Pierre Lalonde. "Traitement de la Schizophrénie: Vers une Nouvelle Synthèse des Données." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 33, no. 9 (December 1988): 809–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674378803300905.

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One can say that a new approach of long-term treatment of schizophrenia is born. In the last years many authors developed a psychoeducational point of view based on the concept of expressed emotions. These works are quite unknown by the French psychiatrists. However, this new way of treating schizophrenics is a very complete pattern. It includes and integrates many datas from psychophysiology to family functioning and seems very promising. The main studies are presented and discussed here.
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