Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSDs)'
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Lee, Yuet-may May, and 李月媚. "Service disengagement in schizophrenia spectrum disorders." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50434512.
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Psychiatry
Master
Master of Philosophy
Remy, Irving. "Les fonctions visuelles rétiniennes et corticales dans les troubles du spectre de la schizophrénie et les situations à risque de psychose." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAJ030.
Full textPsychotic disorders are characterized by severe functional consequences, with emerging evidence of impairment in low-level visual functions. Most notably, the anatomical and functional link between the retina and the visual cortex led to hypotheses concerning the association between alterations in both visual stages. We investigated retinal and cortical visual electrophysiological measurements in schizophrenia spectrum disorders and situations at risk of psychosis, of which regular cannabis use and early phases of psychosis are an integral part. The results highlighted alterations in most retinal cells and deficits in the primary visual cortex, with a potential link between both measures in schizophrenia. The relevance of electrophysiological biomarkers also lies in the link described with psychotic symptoms, motivating them to be used more widely in clinical practice to improve diagnosis
BARATTIERI, DI SAN PIETRO CHIARA. "Semantic and syntactic modifications in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/277375.
Full textAlthough the presence of language disturbances in people with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSD) is well established (American Psychiatric Association, 2013), a full characterization of the phenomenon is still missing. The hypothesis of “schizophrenia as the price we pay for language” (Crow, 1997) opens new perspectives on the problem at stake, and suggests the need for a combined approach aiming at integrating the clinical tools nowadays employed to assess language abilities in SSD. The overall objective of the present work is to advance the understanding of language disturbances in this population by adopting an interdisciplinary approach embracing neuropsychology, psycholinguistics, and computational linguistics. In particular, the present work is focused on: i) the differential contribution of semantic storage and executive functions to verbal fluency; ii) the production and comprehension of verbs argument structure and syntactic complexity, and; iii) the sensitivity to semantics violation on different Thematic Roles. Forty-three persons with SSD were recruited at the IRCCS Fatebenefratelli of Brescia. Participants’ linguistic processes were investigated by means of: i) two verbal fluency tasks for the evaluation of semantic store integrity and executive function performance, both computed manually and derived from Natural Language Processing (NLP) methodologies; ii) the Northwestern Assessment of Verb Argument Structure (NAVS – Cho-Reyes & Thompson, 2012; Barbieri, Brambilla, Thompson, & Luzzatti, 2019); iii) an eye-tracking study on semantic violations. For comparison, the same battery was administered to a sample of healthy control subjects matched by age and gender. In the fluency tasks significant differences in the mean size of semantic clusters, number of switches, as well as measure of coherence were observed between groups, highlighting the differential and non-mutually exclusive contribution of the semantic store integrity and the executive functions to verbal fluency. Moreover, NLP-derived algorithms shown a high-level performance in classifying subjects with and without SSD. A specific difficulty with complex verb argument structure, as well as with non-canonical word order of sentences, both in production and comprehension, was identified in the SSD population. These results are compatible with the Argument Structure Complexity Hypothesis (ASCH – Thompson, 2003) and the presence of an underlying syntactic movement in non-canonical sentences (Chomsky, 1981). Finally, an impaired sensitivity to semantic violations on the “Agent” was observed in the eye-tracking study, compatible with the presence of a “disorder of the self” (Henriksen & Noordgard, 2014) in this population. In summary, our results underline the presence of specific semantic and syntactic impairments in SSD as seen in language production and comprehension. Moreover, our result support the application of a multi-disciplinary approach to the issue at stake. Our study show how the added value of fluency measures derived by a computational linguistic approach paired with a fine-grained characterization of receptive and productive language in SSD by means of the tools and theoretical frameworks derived from psycholinguistics can contribute to further characterize language modifications in SSD beyond the current knowledge.
Gregory, Benjamin Luke. "Questions of continuum and category in autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708076.
Full textDarrell-Berry, Hannah. "Predictors and mediators of anger and aggression in schizophrenia spectrum disorders." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/predictors-and-mediators-of-anger-and-aggression-in-schizophrenia-spectrum-disorders(ea8600bc-2498-4f6b-9ff2-6c0315c7db99).html.
Full textBurns, Amy Minh Nhat. "Theory of mind, social cognition, and neural functioning in schizophrenia spectrum disorders." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/59475.
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Psychology, Department of
Graduate
Beulke, Joshua Thomas. "The Effectiveness of Psychotherapy for Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders in Community Residential Settings." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2521.
Full textFaiola, Eliana [Verfasser]. "Psychometric, Cognitive, and Oculomotor Characteristics of Schizotypy and Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders / Eliana Faiola." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1224270495/34.
Full textDelfin, Carl. "The neural basis of aberrant salience attribution in unmedicated patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för lärande och miljö, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-12152.
Full textRouse, Jennifer Louise. "Evaluating the case for kamin blocking as a cognitive endophenotype of schizophrenia spectrum disorders." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.537788.
Full textKaur, Manreena. "Reconceptualising neurophysiological biomarkers of schizophrenia: an investigation of the MMN/P3a complex in early stage psychiatric disorders." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/10104.
Full textTorbet, Georgina. "Disorders of agency and self in the schizophrenic spectrum." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17328.
Full textSchizophrenia is a complex condition which manifests in a broad variety of symptoms, including alterations in the subjective experience of one as a self within the world, which are termed self disorders. The first paper is a theoretical examination of the experimental paradigms which are used for measuring agency. It also discusses how apparently contradictory empirical findings regarding disorders of agency in schizophrenia can be understood. The second paper refers to a behavioural study of 50 participants using a novel semi-structured interview, based upon a phenomenological conception of self disorder. It addresses whether self disorder symptoms typically found in schizophrenia are also found in a non-clinical high-schizotypy population and whether these symptoms can be measured reliably with this technique. The measurement of self disorders in this format was found to have good inter-rater reliability. The third paper used eye tracking to examine whether the deficits in volitional saccades found in schizophrenia would also be found in 26 non-clinical high-schizotypy subjects. Comparing volitional to visually-guided saccade allows experimental manipulation of the degree of agency over the eye movement that a subject experiences. A strong negative correlation between visually guided saccade latency and self disorder score was found. This is the first time that a link from self disorder symptoms to performance in eye movement tasks has been made.
Roisko, R. (Riikka). "Parental Communication Deviance as a risk factor for thought disorders and schizophrenia spectrum disorders in offspring:The Finnish Adoptive Family Study." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2014. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526206066.
Full textTiivistelmä Skitsofreniaspektrin sairauksien varsinaisia syytekijöitä ei tunneta, mutta niillä on lukuisia sekä perimään että biologiseen ja psykososiaaliseen ympäristöön liittyviä riskitekijöitä. Nykytietämyksen mukaan riskitekijät eivät vaikuta sairauden syntyyn itsenäisesti, vaan perimän ja ympäristön vuorovaikutuksella on merkittävä osuus. Paljon tutkittuja ympäristöön liittyviä riskitekijöitä ovat lapsen talvi- tai kevätsyntymä ja vanhempien hajanainen kommunikaatio. Tässä väitöskirjassa tutkitaan vanhempien hajanaista kommunikaatiota adoptiolapsen ajatushäiriöiden ja skitsofreniaspektrin sairauksien riskitekijänä. Vanhempien hajanaisen kommunikaation ja lapsen skitsofreniaspektrin sairauksien ja ajatushäiriöiden yhteydestä laadittiin systemaattinen katsaus. Meta-analyysi voitiin tehdä vain skitsofreniaspektrin sairauksiin liittyen. Vanhempien hajanaisen kommunikaation ja lapsen skitsofreniaspektrin sairauksien välisellä yhteydellä havaittiin olevan suuri efektikoko (0,79, 95 % luottamusväli 0,21–1,37). Katsaukseen sisällytetyt tutkimukset viittaavat siihen, että vanhempien hajanaisella kommunikaatiolla ja lapsen ajatushäiriöillä on myös yhteys. Väitöskirjan alkuperäistutkimukset perustuvat Suomalaisen adoptiolapsiperhetutkimuksen aineistoon (n= 382). Aluksi tutkittiin vanhempien yksilö- ja perhe-Rorschach-tilanteissa mitatun hajanaisen kommunikaation määrän ja lapsen ja vanhempien ominaisuuksien välistä yhteyttä. Hajanaisen kommunikaation määrän vaihtelu selittyi pääosin vanhempien ominaisuuksilla. Seuraavaksi tutkittiin adoptiolapsen ajatushäiriöiden ja skitsofreniaspektrin sairauksien yhteyttä lapsen skitsofreniaspektrin sairauksille altistavan perimän, talvi- tai kevätsyntymän ja vanhempien hajanaisen kommunikaation kanssa. Huomioon otettiin myös riskitekijöiden yhteisvaikutukset. Mikään riskitekijä tai niiden yhteisvaikutus ei ollut yhteydessä lapsen skitsofreniaspektrin sairauteen. Lapsen ajatushäiriöt olivat yhteydessä ainoastaan vanhempien hajanaiseen kommunikaatioon. Tutkimuksen tulokset osoittavat, että vanhempien hajanainen kommunikaatio on kohtalaisen muuttumaton piirre, joka on lapsen skitsofreniaspektrin sairauksien riskitekijä. Tulokset viittaavat myös siihen, että vanhempien hajanainen kommunikaatio voi olla lapsen ajatushäiriöiden riskitekijä
Feiger, Jeremy A. "The Impact of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders, and Neurocognitive Deficits on Violent Crime." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10838803.
Full textMild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) are conditions characterized by frontal lobe deficits. Past research has shown increased violent and aggressive behavior in both conditions; however, few studies have examined the mechanisms driving this relationship, particularly in non-athlete or non-veteran populations. The current study examined the neurodegenerative effects of repeated mTBI over time on cognitive flexibility and stability deficits in a homeless population. Additionally, we investigated the mediating effects of these deficits on the impact of both repeated lifetime mTBI and presence of an SSD on violent crime. Consistent with expectations, the number of lifetime mTBIs positively predicted violence levels across multiple measures of violent crime, however cognitive flexibility and stability deficits did not mediate this relationship. Furthermore, comorbidity of mTBI and SSD increased the frequency of violent crimes greater than either condition alone. Implications for risk assessment, intervention strategies and violence reduction are discussed.
Kostrzewa, Richard M., Karolina Wydra, Malgorzata Filip, Cynthia Crawford, Sanders A. McDougall, Russell W. Brown, Daniel O. Borroto-Escuela, Kjell Fuxe, and Raul R. Gainetdinov. "Dopamine D2 Receptor Supersensitivity as a Spectrum of Neurotoxicity and Status in Psychiatric Disorders." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2770.
Full textEdwards, Kimberly. "Patterns of Change in Semantic Clustering in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: What Can it Tell Us about the Nature of Clustering Deficits." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2001. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2906/.
Full textSousa, Paulo. "The social predictors, psychological and affective processes of formal thought disorder in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2015. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2032944/.
Full textKamath, Vidyulata. "THE RELATIVE SENSITIVITY OF AN OLFACTORY IDENTIFICATION DEFICIT IN INDIVIDUALS WITH SCHIZOTYPAL PERSONALITY FEATURES." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2007. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3847.
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Department of Psychology
Sciences
Psychology PhD
Wojcik, Joanne D. "Clinical Characteristics of People in Randomized Clinical Trials of First Episode Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: Attrition versus Non-Attrition Groups." Thesis, Boston College, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/1031.
Full textClinical Characteristics Of People In Randomized Clinical Trials Of First Episode Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: Attrition Versus Non-Attrition Groups Submitted by Joanne D. Wojcik PhD, RN Dissertation Advisor Judith Shindul-Rothschild, PhD, RN Abstract Background: Early identification of psychosis and intensive treatment has been the focus of the treatment of people with a first episode (FE) schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD). Attrition rates in studies of people in the first episode are high, which makes it difficult to understand the meaning of the study outcomes. High attrition rates affect the validity of a study by decreasing its power and the study's ability to detect differences between treatment groups. Additionally, the people who leave a study may be different from those who stay in demographic, illness and treatment characteristics. Method: This study is a secondary analysis of a group of FE SSD participants enrolled in one of three separate double-blind, randomized, drug trials. The variables were first analyzed across the three drug study data sets to determine if the patient populations are comparable across the three studies to allow for the merging of the data. Exploratory and descriptive statistics of study participants were conducted in a comparison of the three studies, for the merged group, and for the attrition and non-attrition groups. Effect sizes (Cohen's d) were calculated for each variable in the individual studies and in the merged dataset for the magnitude of difference between the attrition and non-attrition groups. Results: The three studies were merged after analysis found no consistent difference in demographic and illness characteristics between the three studies. There was no significant difference between the attrition and non-attrition groups in the merged data in demographic and illness characteristics. Treatment characteristics consistently found lack of efficacy and patient withdrawal of consent to be the two most frequent reasons for attrition from the studies. In addition, participants receiving a typical agent were less likely to complete the study. Effect size calculations found attrition group to more likely be Caucasian, with a lower median income. The attrition group had more years of education, but was not in school in the year previous to hospitalization. Conclusion: Historically, attrition is a major problem in clinical trials of people in a first episode of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. People receiving typical antipsychotic medication are more likely to leave a study. Most common reasons for attrition include lack of efficacy and withdrawal of consent
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2009
Submitted to: Boston College. Connell School of Nursing
Discipline: Nursing
Breustedt, Sarah. "Autobiographical memory functioning and response to inpatient treatment for people diagnosed with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders : and clinical research portfolio." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8486/.
Full textLotter, C. B. "The qualitative affordances of active and receptive music therapy techniques in major depressive disorder and schizophrenia-spectrum psychotic disorders." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/63046.
Full textThesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Psychiatry
PhD
Unrestricted
Zonta, Filippo. "Hippocampal volumes in patients with bipolar-schizophrenic spectrum disorders and their unaffected first-degree relatives." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423015.
Full textINTRODUZIONE: schizofrenia e disturbo bipolare sono malattie psichiatriche complesse e invalidanti, il cui inquadramento nosografico è oggetto di continuo dibattito nel superamento della classica “dicotomia Kraepeliniana” tra Dementia Praecox e Malattia Maniaco-Depressiva. Negli ultimi cento anni, buona parte della pratica clinica e della ricerca in psichiatria sono state basate sull’assunto che schizofrenia e disturbo bipolare fossero entità categorialmente distinte, separate da distinti meccanismi patologici e trattamenti. In anni più recenti invece, si sono accumulate numerose evidenze a supporto di una parziale sovrapposizione fenomenologica, biologica e genetica tra questi disturbi (Potash e Bienvenu 2009). Attualmente, l’approccio nosografico “categoriale” nei disturbi affettivi e schizofrenici è in contrasto con le più recenti scoperte in ambito neurobiologico, neuropsicologico e genetico. Inoltre è stato evidenziato come, nemmeno dal punto di vista clinico vi sia un reale punto di “separazione” tra i due disturbi, che presentano segni e sintomi comuni e sovrapponibili (Phelps et al. 2008). Tale consapevolezza ha portato clinici e ricercatori a orientarsi verso un modello diagnostico che, spostandosi in una prospettiva “dimensionale”, formalmente riconosce l’esistenza di uno spettro tra disturbi schizofrenici e bipolari. Kelsoe afferma che i dati provenienti dai vari filoni di ricerca nei disturbi bipolari e schizofrenici potrebbero essere meglio spiegati da un modello in cui differenti set di geni predispongono a fenotipi clinici che si sovrappongono in un continuum. Data la documentata sovrapposizione fra regioni genomiche implicate nel disturbo bipolare con quelle della schizofrenia (Kelsoe 1999; Berrettini 2000), le evidenze suggeriscono la possibilità che un substrato poligenico comune possa conferire una predisposizione a entrambi i disturbi, secondo il cosiddetto modello delle “soglie multiple” (Kelsoe 2003). Come sottolineato da Craddock e Owen, le più recenti scoperte in tale ambito sono compatibili con un modello di psicosi funzionale, nel quale la suscettibilità ad uno spettro di fenotipi clinici è sotto l’influenza di un set di geni condivisi, che, insieme a fattori ambientali ed epigenetici, determina l’espressione di malattia in ciascun individuo (Craddock e Owen 2005). Notevole interesse si sta inoltre focalizzando sulle alterazioni strutturali cerebrali in pazienti affetti da schizofrenia e disturbo bipolare. Nonostante l’ingente mole di studi di neuroimaging finora pubblicati, la letteratura sull’argomento è molto eterogenea ed esiste ancora notevole incertezza su quali siano le specifiche regioni cerebrali coinvolte nella patogenesi di tali disturbi. Schizofrenia e Disturbo Bipolare condividono una serie di sintomi e fattori di rischio, ma non è ancora stato chiarito se questi disturbi siano caratterizzati da comuni modificazioni morfometriche cerebrali e se tali alterazioni riflettano l’impatto di geni comuni di suscettibilità sulla morfologia del cervello. Ad oggi, non è stato definitivamente chiarito se, e fino a che punto, la documentata perdita di sostanza grigia nella Schizofrenia si rifletta anche nel Disturbo Bipolare e su quali siano gli effetti della farmacoterapia o di altri fattori di confondimento. Gli studi sui membri non affetti di pazienti schizofrenici e bipolari, che condividono la predisposizione genetica ai disturbi, ma non i fattori di confondimento, posso rivelarsi utili nel verificare se le varie anomalie cerebrali siano condivise nelle due patologie. SCOPO DELLO STUDIO: analizzare eventuali differenze volumetriche nella sostanza grigia ippocampale in un gruppo di pazienti dello spettro bipolare-schizofrenico, un gruppo di familiari di primo grado non affetti e un gruppo di soggetti sani di controllo. MATERIALI E METODI: un totale di 104 sogetti - 36 pazienti con disturbo schizofrenico o schizoaffettivo (SZ), 27 pazienti con disturbo bipolare (BP), 2 pazienti affetti da depressione maggiore ricorrente, 8 familiari di primo grado non affetti (UR) e 31 controlli sani (HC) sono stati sottoposti ad una procedura di Risonanza Magnetica cerebrale ad 1,5 Tesla, secondo un protocollo di acquisizione di sequenze T1 3D volumetriche, presso l’Unità Operativa di Neuroradiologia del Presidio Ospedaliero di Conegliano. Mediante l’utilizzo del Software ANALYZE 10.0, sono stati calcolati, con un metodo stereologico, i volumi bilaterali della sostanza grigia ippocampale (HV) ed il volume cerebrale totale (TCV) in un campione di 31 SZ, 27 BP, 8 UR e 26 HC. RISULTATI: sono state riscontrate riduzioni volumetriche statisticamente significative della sostanza grigia di ippocampo destro e sinistro tra i gruppi di pazienti dello spettro bipolare-schizofrenico rispetto ai controlli; nel confronto diretto tra il gruppo di pazienti schizofrenici e quello dei bipolari è stata identificata una riduzione statisticamente significativa del volume della sostanza grigia dell’ippocampo destro (tale significatività non persiste in seguito a normalizzazione) e nessuna significativa differenza nei volumi della sostanza grigia dell’ippocampo sinistro o nel volume cerebrale totale; nel confronto tra il gruppo di familiari di primo grado non affetti rispetto al gruppo di soggetti sani di controllo è stata evidenziata una significativa riduzione volumetrica della sostanza grigia dell’ippocampo sinistro e un trend verso la significatività statistica per l’ippocampo destro (tali riduzioni volumetriche della grigia ippocampale mantenevano bilateralmente tale trend verso la significatività statistica anche dopo la normalizzazione). CONCLUSIONE: la alterazione volumetrica della sostanza grigia ippocampale evidenziata nel nostro studio potrebbe essere interpretata come un possibile “marker biologico” strutturale nei disturbi dello spettro schizofrenico-bipolare.
Mungly, Shazia. "The Prevalence Of Metabolic Disorders And Their Associated Risk Factors In Forensic Patients With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders On Clozapine Compared To Haloperidol At Valkenberg Hospital." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31076.
Full textDapšys, Kastytis. "Study of psychiatric disorders and evaluation of their treatment using method of auditory evoked potential P300." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20111003_114715-42339.
Full textKognityvieji sukeltieji potencialai arba su įvykiu susiję potencialai (SĮSP) leidžia įvertinti kai kurias kognityviąsias funkcijas. Jie nuo pat sukūrimo pradžios yra sėkmingai taikomi ir psichikos sutrikimų tyrimuose. SĮSP neinvaziškumas, objektyvumas, saugumas leidžia juos taikyti kognityviųjų funkcijų pokyčių, sukeltų medikamentinio gydymo ar kitos nemedikamentinės terapinės procedūros, įvertinimui. Pagrindinis darbo tikslas buvo įvertinti informacijos apdorojimo klausos sistemoje kitimą atipinių antipsichotikų risperidono ir kvetiapino poveikyje ir nemedikamentinių terapijos metodų - elektros impulsų terapijos bei metaglosoterapijos - poveikyje taikant su įvykiu susijusio potencialo P300 skaitmeninio registravimo ir kiekybinės analizės metodus. Klausos sukeltas P300 potencialas buvo registruojamas taikant „atsitiktinio įvykio“ principą trimis elektrodais (Fz, Cz ir Pz). Buvo matuojami 4 sukeltojo potencialo P300 parametrai: N2 latencija, P300 latencija, P300 amplitudė ir reikšmingo dirgiklio atpažinimo laikas. Darbo rezultatai parodė, kad SĮSP parametrai yra jautrūs informacijos apdorojimo klausos sistemoje procesų pažeidimo šizofrenijos spektro sutrikimų atveju rodikliai. Didesnę teigiamą įtaką klausos sukeltajam potencialui P300 turėjo atipinis antipsichotikas kvetiapinas. Nemedikamentiniai psichikos sutrikimų gydymo metodai nenusileidžia efektyvumu gerinant pacientų kognityviąsias funkcijas medikamentinei terapijai atipiniais antipsichotikais.
Sheets, Willard A. "The Process People with Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorder Use to Return to or Initialy Secure Eemployment Following Diagnosis." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1241734324.
Full textDapšys, Kastytis. "Psichikos sutrikimų tyrimas ir jų gydymo įvertinimas klausos sukelto potencialo P300 metodu." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20111003_114604-77038.
Full textRecording and analysis of event-related potentials is safe and harmless method of evaluation of cognition and is suitable to follow the changes of cognitive processes induced by psychoactive drugs or other therapeutic procedures. The main aim of the work was to evaluate the influence of atypical antipsychotics risperidone and quetiapine and such nonpharmacological methods as electroconvulsive therapy and metaglossotherapy on the changes of information processing in the auditory system using event-related potential P300 recording and analysis method. Auditory P300 potential was elicited applying “odd-ball” paradigm and recorded at 3 electrode sites (Fz, Cz, Pz). 4 parameters of P300 potential were measured: N2 latency, P300 latency, P300 amplitude and recognition time of target stimulus. Total number of 85 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and mood disorders were studied. Results of this work showed that the parameters of P300 potential are sensitive indicators of abnormalities of information processing in auditory system in the case of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. More considerable positive influence on the event-related potential P300 had atypical antipsychotic quetiapine and that nonpharmacological methods of treatment of psychiatric disorders are as effective as drug therapy with atypical antipsychotics in remediation of cognitive functions.
Cintra, Mariana Vieira. "Prevalência de experiências psicóticas na gestação e fatores de risco associados em uma amostra comunitária." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5142/tde-17112016-163236/.
Full textThis research investigated the prevalence and construct validity of psychotic experiences (PEs) during pregnancy and the risk factors in a community sample in the city of São Paulo. Sociodemographic and environmental risk factors, psychiatric disorders, domestic violence, intellectual capacity and family history of psychiatric disorders in the present and throughout life were the investigated elements. Pregnancy and delivery outcomes were also evaluated. This is a prospective research, starting in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy. The evaluation interviews were conducted by trained psychologists. For the evaluation of PEs, the brief standardized diagnostic interview tool was used - Mini International Neuropsyquiatric Interview (M.I.N.I), validated for the Brazilian reality. For the sociodemographic risk factors, both socioeconomic questionnaire (SEQ) and population density (PD) were applied and the criterion of economic classification in Brazil (CECB) was used by the Brazilian Association of Research Companies (BARC) and World Health Organization - WHO for domestic violence. The intellectual capacity evaluation was carried out, using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Adults, third version (Waiss-III), and the family history of mental disorders was investigated through The Family History Screen (FHS). The results indicated a prevalence of 19.22% of PEs during pregnancy and sharing the risk factors present in schizophrenia, such as urbanicity, young pregnant women, use of drugs and alcohol, socioeconomically disadvantaged, low educational level, exposure to situations of violence, the presence of psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety, and family history of any psychiatric condition. This research, conducted in an urban area of the city of São Paulo, with high social vulnerability, indicates that the prevalence of PEs in pregnant women is high, affecting about 1 in 6 of them. The presence of PEs is strongly associated with general psychopathology and broad risk factors. In this sense, the presence of PEs may constitute an important risk factor to be evaluated in clinical environments during pregnancy. Future researches intending to look into its usefulness for indication of interventions are needed, as well as studies to search into the course of PEs after pregnancy and its association with health outcomes for women and their children
Serpa, Mauricio Henriques. "Avaliação longitudinal de alterações microestruturais cerebrais estado-dependentes em indivíduos com primeiro episódio psicótico, associadas à atividade da enzima fosfolipase A2." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5142/tde-19062017-075614/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: Psychotic disorders are frequent conditions in the general population and are associated to severe morbidity and functional impairment. Notwithstanding, the pathophysiological basis of such disorders is still under investigation. Post-mortem neuropathologic investigations and in vivo neuroimaging studies have pointed to the occurrence of abnormalities in the microstructure of brain white matter (WM) in such clinical conditions, which are associated to changes in brain connectivity. However, no previous neuroimaging investigation has specifically examined whether such microstructural abnormalities would be state-dependent, i.e., whether such changes could relate to the illness phase. Another field of biological investigation in psychosis points to changes in the activity of phospholipase A2 enzyme (PLA2), which is essential to several functions implicated in brain homeostasis, such as the maintenance of cellular membrane, myelination and inflammatory activity. Previous studies suggest the existence of a relationship between changes on PLA2 activity and schizophrenia phase. Nonetheless, no translational study to date has examined the potential interplay between PLA2 activity and WM microstructural abnormalities in psychotic patients. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the hypothesis that WM microstructural changes observed in patients during the acute first-episode psychosis (FEP) are potentially reversible following clinical remission; to investigate possible state-dependent changes in PLA2 activity in FEP; and to examine interactions between clinical manifestations, brain WM microstructure and PLA2 activity in the pathophysiology of FEP. METODOLOGY: Patients with non-affective FEP were evaluated in two time points: during the acute phase (T0) and following sustained remission (T1). A control group of healthy volunteers (HC) was also longitudinally studied. In order to investigate state-dependent WM microstructure changes, voxelwise analyses of brain maps of anisotropy (fractional anisotropy, FA) and diffusivity (trace, TR) indexes were conducted, as well as correlations between such DTI metrics, clinical variables and PLA2 activity. The activity of the three main PLA2 subgroups was assessed in platelets using a radioenzymatic method. RESULTS: 25 FEP and 51 HC were evaluated at T0 (clinical and demographic data, MRI scanning, and blood collection). Out of these, 21 FEP and 36 HC also underwent a second MRI acquisition. At baseline (T0), FEP patients presented widespread reduction of FA (p < 0.05, FDR), affecting mainly fronto-limbic WM and associative, projective and commissural fasciculi. Longitudinal analyses showed that clinical remission was associated with FA increase in WM tracts that were affected at T0 (p < 0.001, uncorrected), besides robust inverse correlations between FA increase and symptoms reduction over time (p < 0.05, FDR). PLA2 analyses failed to show state-dependent effects or consistent correlations to DTI indexes. CONCLUSION: WM changes affecting brain tracts critical to the integration of perceptual information, cognition and emotions are detectable soon after the onset of FEP and may partially reverse in direct relation to the remission of acute psychotic symptoms. Our findings reinforce the view that WM abnormalities are a key neurobiological feature of acute psychotic disorders, and that recovery from such WM pathology can lead to amelioration of symptoms. In the other hand, it seems that PLA2 activity has no direct relationship to the disease state or modulatory effects on the dynamic WM changes observed herein. Studies with larger samples and with more time points evaluations are necessary to confirm and expand the findings reported herein
Fernandez, Arnaud. "Exploration du profil clinique et génétique des patients atteints de schizophrénie précoce et de leurs apparentés au 1er degré - un protocole d’étude familiale et multicentrique en population française : Protocole GenAuDiss." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2021. http://theses.univ-cotedazur.fr/2021COAZ6010.
Full textEarly-onset schizophrenia (EOS) is a rare, severe and neurodevelopmental form of schizophrenia beginning before the age of 18. In order to better understand the complex genetic basis of this disorder, we have developed a pilot project with the main objective of clinically and genetically characterize EOS patients presenting additional neurodevelopmental disabilities. Given the clinical and genetic overlap of EOS with other neurodevelopmental disorders, including Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), we paid particular attention to the genes involved in neurodevelopment.This is a multi-center study carried out from April 2014 to May 2023 in a paediatric population. Inclusion criteria are: age 7-22 years, a diagnosis of EOS (K-SADS-PL DSM-5) with premorbid autistic symptoms (ADI-R 0-5 years) and IQ > 40; parents and siblings are included. Clinical profile explorations are performed using standardized tools (KSADS-PL and PANSS) and included neurocognitive assessments (WISC-V/WAIS-IV), the search for psychiatric co-morbidities, neurodevelopmental disorders and associated extracerebral somatic pathologies. The exploration of the genetic profile consists in identifying genetic mutations by a hierarchical approach searching for Fragile-X Syndrome (PCR), CGH-array and, in case of negativity of the previous examinations, DNA sequencing (exome) in trio (mother, father, child). Finally; we proceed to the prioritization of genes by combining multiple bioinformatics tools.20 subjects were included: 15 boys and 5 girls. The mean age of onset of the disorder was 8.90 years (+/-2.30). Psychiatric comorbidities (DSM-5) were ADHD (15/20 patients), anxiety disorders (14/20) and ASD (13/20). The mean IQ was 70.26 (+/-18.09). Language delay and school disruption were noticed in 18/20 patients. The main associated somatic condition was asthma (15/20 patients). Genetically, we report a 10q26.3 324 kb microduplication in one patient (with familial segregation), encompassing part of the INPP5A gene. We have shown that its homologue 5PtaseI is specifically expressed in the Drosophila central nervous system. Furthermore, we have identified, through DNA sequencing of 9 exomes of patients in trio (27 subjects with mother, father and child) and bioinformatics tools, the presence of variants in genes belonging to the Wnt, cadherin and cholecystokinin signaling pathways.In our EOS patients, we have shown a large clinical heterogeneity with psychiatric co-morbidities and neurodevelopmental disorders systematically associated. INPP5A is expressed in the brain (human, mouse and Drosophila), is highly conserved between species and encodes a InsP3 5-phosphatase whose hydrolysis products mobilize intracellular calcium, essential for the morphogenesis of dendritic spines in neurons. The alteration of this process, by the InsP3/Ca2+ signaling pathway, is found in both schizophrenia and ASD, strengthening the link between these disorders. In addition, we have made the first description of the potential involvement of the Wnt, Cadherin and Cholecystokinin signaling pathways in EOS. The already described involvement of these different pathways in other neurodevelopmental and/or psychiatric disorders underlines the genetic heterogeneity of this disorder. Therefore, elucidating the molecular mechanisms of EOS and paving the way for specific therapeutic interventions will require systematic and large-scale: 1) definition of the precise syndromic diagnosis of EOS with an exact age of onset and determination of the premorbid neurodevelopmental phenotype, psychiatric comorbidities and associated extracerebral somatic pathologies; 2) genetic evaluation using a hierarchical approach up to whole genome sequencing; 3) data sharing between teams on an international scale with the constitution of specific, comparable, genetic, and molecular databases correlated to the precise phenotypes of the different forms of EOS
Hill, Kimberley. "The relationship between internalized stigma, negative symptoms and social functioning in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: the mediating role of self-efficacy." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/931667.
Full textScope: Negative symptoms represent a fundamental component of schizophrenia. Furthermore, as noted in the DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 2000), poor social functioning has been classified as a diagnostic criterion for the disorder. The relationship between both factors has been highlighted in the literature, with negative symptoms being identified as predictors of social functioning. Consequently, considerable research has been devoted to identifying the factors that contribute to negative symptoms. While impairments in neuropsychological functioning have been shown to be contributory factors, research has also demonstrated that a range of psychological variables has provided further clarity regarding negative symptomatology. Purpose: The broad aim of the current research was to gain a greater understanding of the processes that contribute to negative symptoms and social functioning in schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum disorders. More specifically, a theoretical model was proposed which predicted that self-efficacy would mediate the relationship between internalized stigma and both negative symptoms and social functioning. Methodology: Sixty participants, who had been diagnosed with schizophrenia or a schizophrenia spectrum disorder and admitted to acute mental health facilities in the Hunter Region of New South Wales, Australia, were recruited for the current research. A broad range of assessment tasks were utilized, with all tasks being completed in approximately 60 – 90 minutes. In relation to self-efficacy, the Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (SEQ) was designed to evaluate the participants’ expectancies about their performance on the Faux Pas Test. Results: Initial results indicated that internalized stigma was strongly correlated with negative symptoms, social functioning and self-efficacy. Furthermore, self-efficacy was also found to be strongly associated with negative symptoms and moderately related to social functioning. Additional analyses that utilized a bootstrapping procedure and accompanying SPSS macro for small sample sizes did not support the mediational model. In other words, support was not obtained for the mediating role of self-efficacy in relation to the association between internalized stigma and both negative symptoms and social functioning. Conclusions and Clinical Implications: While support was not found for the proposed theoretical model outlined in the current research, a greater understanding was gained concerning the relationship between internalized stigma, self-efficacy and both negative symptoms and social functioning in schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum disorders. In brief, the findings of the study highlighted the clinical relevance of research into internalized stigma and the psychological construct of self-efficacy. Furthermore, the research findings have important implications for intervention development and implementation during times of acute admission. Specific theoretical and clinical implications of the findings, together with recommendations for future research, are outlined.
PIVA, MERLI MICAELA. "Advances in the psychiatric diagnosis for intellectual and relational developmental disorders." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1044973.
Full textShtalman, Polina. "Změny v prožívání jáství u deprese a poruch schizofrenního okruhu." Master's thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-448997.
Full textVilleneuve, Kathe. "L'assiduité aux interventions psychosociales chez les personnes atteintes de troubles psychotiques." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4280.
Full textAbstract Aims : This report suggest investigating the compliance in the psychosocial treatment among persons with schizophrenia spectrum disorder by answering three questions : 1- What are factors influencing compliance in the psychosocial treatment among persons with schizophrenia spectrum disorder? 2- Are they comparable to factors influencing compliance with pharmacological treatment? 3- What is the dropout rate of the psychosocial treatment and which are the factors which make vary this rate? Methods : A systematic review allowed to make the synthesis of factors influencing the compliance in the medication from the systematic reviews published on the subject and to establish factors influencing the compliance in the psychosocial treatment from the reasons of drop-out specified in the published randomized clinical trials. A meta-analysis allowed to combine clinical trials reporting drop-out and so to establish a rate. Results : We listed 92 clinical trials randomized on the psychosocial treatment among persons suffering from schizophrenia spectrum disorder , of this number 43 allowed to list the reasons of drop-out. The reasons of drop-out turn out mainly related to the disease and related to the accessibility, the continuity and the quality of the care and the services. A 13 % dropout rate was obtained from the aggregation of 74 studies in the meta-analysis. Factors making vary this rate were identified. Conclusions: Several factors which influence the compliance in the psychosocial treatment among persons suffering from schizophrenia spectrum disorders are identified. Furthermore, the low drop-out rate calculated demonstrates well the clinical feasibility of this type of treatment. Being added to the efficiency already well demonstrated by certain psychosocial modalities of treatnebt, the compliance rate in these same modalities establishes an additional argument to assure the availability among persons suffering from schizophrenia spectrum disorders.