Dissertations / Theses: 'Schizophrenia. Learning, Psychology of'

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Edwards, Kimberly. "Patterns of Change in Semantic Clustering in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: What Can it Tell Us about the Nature of Clustering Deficits." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2001. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2906/.

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Semantic clustering has been used as a measure of learning strategies in a number of clinical populations and has been found to be deficient in individuals with Schizophrenia, but less attention has been paid to the dynamic use of this strategy over the course of fixed-order learning trials. In the current study, we examined this pattern of clustering use over trials in a sample of individuals with Schizophrenia, and explored whether the addition of this dynamic information would help us to better predict specific executive deficits. Results suggested that a decrease in semantic clustering across trials was associated with some executive deficits in the predicted manner. Nonetheless, the overall semantic clustering index generally proved more effective for the purposes, suggesting that in this population, the addition of dynamic information in strategy use is not likely to add considerably to clinical prediction and understanding.

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Akrill, Tracy. "Caring for individuals with learning disabilities and schizophrenia." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2002. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3077/.

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This thesis is concerned with staff carers of individuals with a learning disability and a diagnosis of schizophrenia. To date this group of carers have received no attention from researchers. This is in contrast to a vast body of literature, which has established the psychological impact of care giving on the relatives of patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, without a learning disability. The term ‘schizophrenia’ has been used throughout this thesis. This reflects the use of psychiatric diagnoses in the body research and clinical literature, which has guided the development of the current study. The first paper critically reviews the application of attribution theory to the study of relatives’ coping responses to schizophrenia and the associated symptomatology. The literature review has been prepared for submission to Schizophrenia Bulletin (see Appendix B for Instructions to Authors). The brief research paper reports on the development of the Attributions for Schizophrenia Questionnaire (ASchizQ) and a preliminary investigation with staff carers of individuals with a mild learning disability and a diagnosis of schizophrenia. This paper has been prepared for submission to the Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities (see Appendix C for Instructions to Authors). The main research paper focuses on the application of attribution theory to staff caring for individuals with a mild learning disability and diagnosis of schizophrenia. It examines the relationship between staff carers’ causal attributions about schizophrenia and the associated symptomatology and their current coping styles. This paper has been prepared for submission to the British Journal of Clinical Psychology (see Appendix D for Instructions to Authors). Finally, the research review describes some of my experiences and observations of conducting research with carers of individuals with a mild learning disability and a diagnosis schizophrenia.

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Chan, Chi-wan Tracey, and 陳緻韻. "Reward learning impairments in patients with first-episode schizophrenia-spectrum disorder." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/209481.

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Reward learning refers to outcome-based learning that involves selecting optimal response choices from feedback which facilitate adaptive behavior. It is believed that reward learning paradigm represents a promising translational target in schizophrenia research. Previous studies generated relatively consistent evidence of rapid learning deficits but mixed findings on gradual learning deficits. Reward learning impairments were also associated with symptoms as well as antipsychotics treatment. The current study aimed to investigate the reward learning impairments and its longitudinal change in patients with first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorder. A total of 34 patients and 36 healthy control participants were recruited. Patients and controls were matched in terms of age, sex, and education level. All participants were assessed twice: at baseline and after one year. For each assessment time point, data were collected on demographics, clinical and treatment characteristics. Participants were asked to complete a battery of cognitive assessments and two reward learning tasks: the Gain vs. loss-avoidance task and the Go-NoGo task. Patients and controls were compared in terms of cross-sectional reward learning performance at baseline and follow-up. Correlates of reward deficits were examined, and longitudinal analyses were conducted to investigate change of reward learning performance over time. At baseline, it was found that patients had significant rapid learning deficit in win-stay (learning from positive feedback) and gradual learning deficits in learning from both positive and negative feedback. Reward-driven learning impairments were more robust. At one-year follow-up, patients continued to have significant rapid learning deficit in win-stay and gradual learning deficits in learning from negative feedback. Longitudinal analyses demonstrated that patients had significant decrease in win-stay rate in training phase and significantly lower accuracy for punishment-driven stimuli across assessment time points. No deficits in representing expected reward value of stimuli or Go response bias were demonstrated. Correlations were found between different symptom domains (negative symptoms, positive symptoms) and reward learning impairments. Current findings regarding rapid and gradual learning deficits in patients with first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorder were partially in keeping with that of previous studies. Discrepant findings across studies may be attributable to different sample characteristics in terms of illness chronicity and symptoms severity. The current study provided valuable information regarding the longitudinal change of reward learning deficits in early psychosis patients.
published_or_final_version
Psychiatry
Master
Master of Philosophy

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Seippel, Camilla S. "Comparison of Implicit Thought and Learning in Individuals with Schizophrenia." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1502277391159439.

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Andre, Jessica Marie. "Uncovering the Role of the Hippocampus in the Transitive Inference Task Utilizing Pharmacological and Genetic Manipulations: Implications for Patients with Schizophrenia." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/122455.

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Psychology
Ph.D.
Patients with schizophrenia show a number of cognitive deficits that may be related to abnormal hippocampal physiology and function. One such cognitive deficit is in transitive inference. Simply stated, transitive inference is the ability to infer A > C after directly learning A > B and B > C. The hippocampus has been implicated in transitive inference as lesions of the hippocampus in C57BL/6 mice after initial training and testing impairs transitive inference. Likewise, lesions of the hippocampus in rats prior to training also impair transitive inference. However, lesions of the whole hippocampus are not able to specifically examine the role of the dorsal versus ventral hippocampus in this task. This is important because studies suggest that the dorsal and ventral poles of the hippocampus may be functionally different. The present experiment used reversible inactivation of the dorsal and ventral hippocampus to examine the role of these structures in transitive inference. Mice were trained to learn that A>B, B>C, C>D, and D>E during training phases and then were tested to show if they learned that A>E (the novel control pairing) and that B>D (the novel pairing which requires transitive inference) during test sessions. Following these test sessions, cannulae were inserted into the hippocampus and the mice were allowed 5 days to recover. After the recovery period, mice underwent 4 more test sessions. The GABAA agonist muscimol or saline was infused into the dorsal or ventral hippocampus thirty minutes before each test session. The mice which received muscimol infusion into the dorsal hippocampus performed similarly to controls on the novel control pairing (A>E) but were significantly impaired on the novel pairing (B>D) which required transitive inference. The DBA/2 strain of mice have altered hippocampal function and has been used to model schizophrenia. The study also compared performance of DBA/2J and C57BL/6J inbred mice in TI, and foreground and background fear conditioning, which both involve the hippocampus. Separate mice were then trained with two different fear conditioning paradigms. For background fear conditioning, mice are trained with two paired presentations of a conditioned stimulus (CS, 30 second, 85 dB white noise) and an unconditioned stimulus (US, 2 second, 0.57 mA foot shock). Mice are then tested the next day for both freezing to the training context. Foreground fear conditioning differed in that the mice were presented with only the shocks during training. DBA/2J mice performed significantly worse than the C57BL/6J in both foreground and background fear conditioning and transitive inference. These results provide further support for the role of the dorsal hippocampus in transitive inference. Moreover, these results may help provide a better understanding of the cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia.
Temple University--Theses

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Phillips, Jennifer M. "Effects of clozapine and alprazolam on cognitive deficits and anxiety-like behaviors in a ketamine-induced rat model of schizophrenia /." Download the dissertation in PDF, 2005. http://www.lrc.usuhs.mil/dissertations/pdf/Phillips2005.pdf/.

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Chin, Sammantha. "The Conceptualization of Schizophrenia by Siblings of Individuals with Schizophrenia." Thesis, Roosevelt University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10750967.

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The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand how siblings of individuals with schizophrenia understand the symptoms and problems that an individual diagnosed with schizophrenia experiences. Although there is, as of yet, no consensual model of normalcy or of psychopathology, models are important because they have implications for clinical practice. In regards to schizophrenia specifically, clinicians and researchers have asserted the importance of the family in the development and course of the disorder. Siblings may offer a unique viewpoint as they may experience or have experienced sub-clinical schizophrenia-related symptoms themselves.

Five individuals who have a sibling diagnosed with schizophrenia were interviewed about how they conceptualize their siblings’ experiences and problems. The interviews were analyzed with Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. A total of sixteen emergent themes from the interviews are discussed, some of which include very different, still the same; struggle to understand; “that thing;” “vigilant, careful, cautious;” still love and care; and alienation from self and others. Several components of the themes indicate that participants had both a categorical and a dimensional model of their siblings’ problems. Future research regarding gaining a greater understanding of how people conceptualize the problems and experiences of those diagnosed with schizophrenia and clinical applications are also discussed.

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Mar, Corinne Mei. "Selective attention in schizophrenia /." The Ohio State University, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487945015617482.

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Molefi, Stanley. "Families’ experiences with schizophrenia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2567.

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Thesis (MA (Psychology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Families of people with schizophrenia often experience difficult challenges when it comes to dealing with this illness. Contemporary researchers suggest that families often take on the task of caring for their ill relatives with limited resources and support. Mental health professionals often fail to include the families in the treatment of their relatives. Although psychoeducation has been shown to be an important process that helps not only the families but relatives as well, mental health professionals commonly do not involve families in such activities. This study explored the experiences of families of people with schizophrenia and their subsequent contact with mental health professionals, as well as their understanding of schizophrenia as a mental disorder. To this end, a small sample of 10 families (four Xhosa speaking families as well as six Coloured families) was drawn in the Western Cape area on a convenience basis. In each case a family caregiver was interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data were content analyzed. The findings of the study indicate that families find it difficult to deal with their ill relatives. Families often experience stigma-related incidents because of their relatives. They feel isolated and alone. Families often yearn to receive more information about the illness of their relatives. Also, the contact between mental health professionals and families was reported to be minimal at best. Family members reported that mental health professionals do not include them in the treatment process. Recommendations for further research and practice are made.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die families van mense met skisofrenie kom moeilike uitdagings teë op hul pad met hierdie versteuring. Hedendaagse navorsers vind dat die families gereeld die verantwoordelikheid aanneem om na die siek familielid om te sien met beperkte hulpbronne en ondersteuning. Geestesgesondheidswerkers sluit dikwels nie die families in by die behandeling van hul familielede nie. Alhoewel psigo-opvoeding as 'n belangrike proses erken word, wat nie net die families nie, maar ook die siek familielid help, word dit nie in die praktyk toegepas deur geestesgesondheidwerkers nie. Hierdie studie verken die ervaringe van die families van mense met skisofrenie en hul daaropvolgende kontak met geestesgesondheid werkers, asook hul begrip van skisofrenie as ’n versteuring. Heirvoor is ’n klein steekproef (vier Xhosa-sprekende asook ses Kleurling families) geneem in die Wes-Kaap op ’n gerieflikheidsbasis. In elke geval is ’n semigestruktureerde onderhoud gevoer met ’n familie versorger. Die data is geanaliseer volgens inhoud. Die bevindinge van die studie dui aan dat families dit moeilik vind om hul siek familielede te hanteer. Families ervaar dikwels stigma as gevolg van hul siek familielede. Hulle voel geïsoleerd en alleen. Families smag dikwels daarna om inligting te bekom oor die versteuring van hul familielede. Verder is die kontak tussen families en geestesgesondheidswerkers minimaal ten beste van tye. Families rapporteer dat geestesgesondheid werkers hulle as families nie by die behandelingsproses insluit nie. Voorstelle vir verdure navorsing en die praktyk word gemaak.

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Boyle, Mary. "Schizophrenia : a scientific delusion?" Thesis, University of East London, 1988. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/1268/.

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The validity of claims made about 'schizophrenia' (that it is a scientific concept and that it refers to a syndrome) was assessed in three analyses: of the writings of those said first to have described schizophrenia; of the development of rules for inferring schizophrenia and of 'genetic' research said to be central to the concept's theoretical network. Four major conclusions were drawn: 1. That there was no evidence to support the original introduction of 'schizophrenia', but good evidence that some of the population from which it was derived were suffering from a later-identified neurological disorder. 2. That the rules for inferring schizophrenia have been developed in a manner quite different from the development of concepts in the empirical sciences and in medicine. 3. That there is no evidence that the rules set out in DSM-111 refer either to a syndrome or to any pattern of phenomena and 4. that 'genetic' research has been seriously misrepresented in secondary sources and does not support 'schizophrenia'. A number of factors were discussed as possibly important in explaining the continued use and influence of ‘schizophrenia'. These included the use of popular but fallacious types of argument to defend the concept, the functions it apparently serves for psychiatry and the public, the perceived primacy of biological or dispositional explanations of behaviour and the habits of 'seeing' patterns in unrelated phenomena, of inferring before describing, of reifying constructs and of confusing observation and inference. Finally, the implications of abandoning 'schizophrenia' were discussed and the weak foundations of the distinctions between 'normal, and abnormal' behaviour emphasised. An alternative framework, derived from the experimental analysis of behaviour was suggested and illustrated, both for the analysis of bizarre behaviour and of the conditions under which it is seen as symptomatic of schizophrenia.

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Yotis, Lambros. "Dramatherapy performance and schizophrenia." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/14072.

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This research project examines the impact of therapeutic performance-making within Dramatherapy practice for clients with schizophrenia. 'Dramatherapy Performance', a specific model of therapeutic work which is defined and presented here, consists of the clients' construction of a performance through a therapeutic process and its presentation to an invited audience of their Significant Others. The context of existing evaluation methods in Dramatherapy concerns either the development of the clients' abilities within a group process, such as role-playing or dramatic involvement, or the change of the clients' symptoms after a groupwork as measured by existing psychometric scales. However, no specific method of evaluation of performance-making to be used within clinical practice has been constructed yet. For this reason a new instrument for evaluating this model of work was formulated, namely the 'Dramatherapy Performance Evaluation', which derives from a combination of psychiatric and theatre semiotics. This instrument is inspired by Aristotle's 'Poetics', used for the first time for assessment in Dramatherapy and analyses the structural elements of a performance in relation to the clients' schizophrenic psychopathology. Furthermore, this project examines the effect of a 'Dramatherapy Performance' on the clients' overall psychopathology, and their relationship to self and others. A clinical trial conducted in a Day Hospital for young adult clients with schizophrenia allowed a qualitative evaluation of the therapeutic process as well as quantitative measurements of the clients' symptom change. The outcomes of this project suggest that 'Dramatherapy Performance' has a significant effect on the clients' dramatic involvement within the group process, on the decrease of their overall 'negative symptomatology', on increasing their 'competence and efficacy' and on changing their perceived support from their significant others. The 'Dramatherapy Performance Evaluation' showed the importance of the performance's unifying cathartic structure as well as demonstrating how non-verbal therapeutic processes reinforce the impact of verbal processes. It also distinguished the usefulness of collective techniques - such as participation in a chorus - for the less functional clients as opposed to character work for the more functional clients. This research confirms the value of 'Dramatherapy Performance' as a treatment for specific schizophrenic symptoms, in addition to medication, and provides Dramatherapy practice with a new and useful instrument for the evaluation of both the therapeutic process and the progress of clients with schizophrenia.

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Kieffaber, Paul D. "Components of attentional control in schizophrenia." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?urlv_er=Z39.88-2004&rftv_alf_mt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&resd_at=xri:pqdiss&rftd_at=xri:pqdiss:3219890.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Psychological and Brain Sciences, 2006.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-06, Section: B, page: 3455. Adviser: William P. Hetrick. "Title from dissertation home page (viewed May 14, 2007)."

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Pickup, Graham John. "Mental state representation in schizophrenia." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267162.

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From a literature review, it was concluded that schizophrenia primarily involves deficits in conscious, controlled processing. This was shown to be compatible with Frith's (1992) neuropsychological model of impaired metarepresentation in the disorder. There is strong evidence that patients with paranoid symptoms or behavioural signs have deficits in the representation of others' mental states ('theory of mind'; ToM), but two recent studies have produced conflicting results. Those findings were reconciled in the first study of the thesis, which showed that, on false belief tasks, patients have intact first-order ToM, but specific impairments at the second-order level. This was later confirmed using a 'hints' test of ToM. The results were contrasted with the case of autism. On a spatial reversal test of executive function, schizophrenics with behavioural signs made more perseverative errors than controls. No correlations appeared between ToM and executive function for any of the schizophrenic symptom groups. This was contrasted with the case of autism, and it was suggested that schizophrenia involves late-occurring, independent deficits in separate metarepresentational domains. It was argued that Frith's model of schizophrenia can be extended to include impaired representation of own knowledge, explaining the deficient use of context in the disorder. Some evidence was obtained that patients with primarily behavioural signs are impaired at naming objects in a picture context; this ability was unrelated to ToM, consistent with independent deficits in separate metarepresentational domains. It was suggested that 'weak central coherence' in autism may also reflect impaired representation of own knowledge, and some evidence was obtained that (like autistics), symptomatic schizophrenics show facilitation on embedded figures tests. Schizophrenic patients performed the same as controls, however, on an illusions task. For patients with behavioural signs, embedded figures accuracy was inversely related to the ability to name objects in a picture context, and it was argued that this supported task analyses suggesting a common cognitive process.

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Johnson, Diane E. "Word Association and Schizophrenia Symptomatology." W&M ScholarWorks, 1990. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625640.

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Murphy, Ann Aileen. "Social Cognition and Schizophrenia Syndromes." W&M ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626425.

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Akdogan, Elçin. "Exploration de la régulation stratégique lors de la récupération mnésique et du potentiel mnésique de l’évaluation lors de l’apprentissage : implications pour la compréhension des troubles de la mémoire dans la schizophrénie." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ021/document.

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La schizophrénie s’accompagne de troubles de mémoire limitant les possibilités d’insertion socio-professionnelle des patients en souffrant. La métamémoire concerne un savoir sur son propre savoir. L’objectif de cette thèse était d’explorer les théories et méthodes de la métamémoire pour y rechercher des possibilités d’améliorer les performances de mémoire des patients souffrant de schizophrénie. Dans un protocole prenant en compte les aspects de contrôle personnel lors de la récupération mnésique, nous avons montré que les patients peuvent atteindre des performances de mémoire comparables à celles des témoins lorsqu’ils sont guidés par les processus de la métamémoire (évaluation et contrôle), alors que leurs performances spontanées étaient déficitaires. Notre étude pilote portant sur l’exploration du potentiel mnésique du jugement d’apprentissage métamnésique a produit des résultats prometteurs. Cette stratégie semble être plus efficace que la stratégie la plus habituellement utilisée malgré sa faible efficacité, celle consistant à réapprendre les items. Nos résultats permettent d’entrevoir l’utilité de mémoire dans la schizophrénie
Schizophrenia is accompanied by a wide range of cognitive difficulties which highly limit social and professional integration of patients suffering from it. Metamemory can be referred as knowledge about its own knowledge. The aim of this thesis was to explore theories and methods of metamemory which could be relevant in improving patients’ memory performances. In a study devoted to study personal control over memory reporting, our results have shown that patients can achieve comparable memory performances as control subjects while guided through metamemory processes (monitoring and control), where as their performance were spontaneously deficient. Our pilot study exploring the mnemonic potential of metamemory judgment of learning generated promising results. This strategy seems to be more efficient than the most commonly implemented but not very efficient learning strategy, relearning of to be learned items. Our results allow us to presume the utility of metamemory to enhance memory performances in schizophrenia

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Eckman, Preston Scott. "Neuropsychological Correlates of Syndromes of Schizophrenia." W&M ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626142.

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Moe, Aubrey M. "Schizophrenia and the Sense of Self." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1333749648.

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Rowe, Ellen Winston. "Card Sort Performance and Syndromes of Schizophrenia." W&M ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626013.

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Beedie, Sara A. "Atypical viewing behaviour in schizophrenia." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=26092.

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Holmes, D. A. "Nonverbal behaviour in autism and schizophrenia." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386423.

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Kalathil, Mohammed Shakeel. "Confabulations in Schizophrenia." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1413301224.

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Moe, Aubrey M. "Schizophrenia, Narrative, and Neurocognitive Processes." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1433205500.

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Allman, Ava-Ann. "Dopaminergic effects on putative endophenotypes for schizophrenia." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=114243.

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Schizophrenia is a complex and devastating mental disorder. Genetic differences in brain function and environmental factors such as stress are thought to interact to produce the illness. In searching for genetic factors, researchers have used endophenotypes, i.e. covert differences in brain function that manifest even in the absence of a precipitating stressor. The present thesis presents three studies that look at dopamine (DA) transmission and putative endophenotypes for schizophrenia. In the first study, the effect of dextroamphetamine (D-amp), an indirect DA agonist, on eye movement tasks that may be endophenotypes for schizophrenia were studied in healthy controls. As there is some indication that the effect of DA manipulations on cognitive performance depends on initial DA levels (Barch, 2004), participants were divided into those with high or low initial performance as a proxy of their baseline DA levels (Robbins & Arnsten, 2009). D-amp was found to reduce the proportion of errors on the antisaccade task for all participants; its effect on antisaccade latency depended on initial performance, increasing correct antisaccade latency in those who initially had short latencies, and decreasing it in those who initially had long latencies. The drug had no effect on the predictive saccade task. Thus, antisaccade error rates, a putative endophenotype were reduced by DA agonists across groups, while for antisaccade latency there was evidence of an impact of initial DA level. In the second study, we examined the effects of another DA agonist, methylphenidate (MPH), on oculomotor tasks. We found that MPH had no effect on antisaccade performance. It increased the proportion of predictive saccades across all participants. The increase in predictive saccades was seen only in conditions with predictable timing, supporting a hypothesized effect of MPH on timing functions (Ben-Pazi et al, 2006; Rubia et al, 2003). Smooth pursuit, a putative oculomotor endophenotype, also improved with drug across all participants. We consider the differences between the effects of D-amp and MPH effects in terms of differences in drug action and differences between studies in terms of the implementation of the tasks. In the third study, DA system reactivity was assessed with a psychosocial stress task in a population with putative differences in DA system functioning, i.e. individuals at elevated risk for schizophrenia and healthy controls. Baseline DA and DA release were quantified with 11-C raclopride binding potential and positron emission tomography (PET) on separate days using the Montreal Imaging Stress Task and a non-stress control task. HPA axis reactivity and hippocampal volume were also assessed. Relatives had significantly lower binding potential than controls, suggestive of increased endogenous DA levels, consistent with findings in patients. Stress-induced DA release did not differ between the groups. DA release was negatively correlated with cortisol release. Hippocampal volume did not correlate with DA release but did correlate with cortisol release. Together, these findings indicate a role for DA in eye movement tasks that are putative endophenotypes for schizophrenia, and also suggest that DA system dysregulation at rest may itself be an endophenotype for the illness.
La schizophrénie est un trouble mental complexe et dévastateur, considérée comme le résultat des facteurs environnementaux stressant et des troubles du système dopamine (DA). À la recherche de facteurs génétiques, les chercheurs utilisent des phénotypes intermédiaires, des différences cachées dans le fonctionnement de cerveau. La thèse suivante présente trois études examinant la transmission de DA ainsi que les phénotypes intermédiaires putatifs de la schizophrénie.Premièrement, l'effet de la dextroamphétamine (D-amp), un agoniste de DA, sur les tâches des mouvements oculaires a été étudié chez les participants sains. D-amp a réduit de la proportion des erreurs sur la tâche antisaccade mais n'a eu aucun effet sur la tâche saccade prédictive. On peut donc conclure que les taux d'erreurs chez les antisaccades, un phénotype intermédiaire putatif, ont été réduit par agoniste dopaminergiques. Nous avons ensuite examiné l'effet d'un autre agoniste de DA, le méthylphénidate (MPH), sur les tâches oculomotrices. Le MPH n'avait aucun effet sur la performance de l'antisaccade. Il augmentait la proportion des saccades prédictives uniquement chez des conditions de choix d'horaire prévisibles ; ceci appuie l'hypothèse de l'effet du MPH sur les fonctions de synchronisation. Le médicament améliore également une poursuite lisse et un phénotype intermédiaire oculomoteur putatif. Les différences entre les effets de la D-amp et le MPH sont considérées en termes de différences dans l'action des médications. Finalement, la réactivité du système DA a été évaluée avec l'aide d'une tâche de stress psychosocial chez des individus avec des risques élevés de schizophrénie et des participants sains. La DA au repos ainsi que la libération de la DA ont été quantifié avec [11]C raclopride et la tomographie par émission de positions (TEP) en utilisant la tâche du stress d'imagerie de Montréal. Ont été également évalué la réactivité de l'axe HPA et le volume l'hippocampe. Les individus avec des risques élevés avaient un pouvoir de fixation nettement plus faible que chez les participants sains, ce qui suggère un accroissement des niveaux de DA endogènes, cohérent avec les résultats chez les patients. Le stress induit par la libération de la DA ne différaient pas entre les groupes. La libération de la DA a été corrélé négativement avec la libération de cortisol. Même si le volume d'hippocampique a corrélé avec la libération de cortisol, elle n'a pas eu le même effet avec la libération de la DA. Les résultats indiquent un rôle de la DA dans les tâches des mouvements oculaires qui sont caractérisés comme étant des phénotypes intermédiaires putatifs pour la schizophrénie et suggèrent également que la dérégulation du système de la DA au repos pourrait être en soi un phénotype intermédiaire de la maladie.

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Bunyan, Melinda Jane. "A study of threatened identity in schizophrenia." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298038.

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Ryan, Cate. "Schizophrenia| A Breakdown in the Dialogical Process of Making Truth." Thesis, Pacifica Graduate Institute, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10749955.

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This thesis explores schizophrenia from a depth psychological and neuropsychological perspective with the goal of contributing to understanding the experience of schizophrenia and improving its treatment, thereby helping to relieve the helpless feelings of both people in the counseling room. It addresses the research question: How can schizophrenia be explained as a metaphor for the experience of an inability to tolerate the conflicting dichotomies between The Real and The Imaginary? Using an alchemical hermeneutic methodology, the research weaves together the author’s clinical work with Lacanian theory, the work of psychoanalyst Darian Leader, Jungian analyst James Hillman’s concept of pathologizing, and the trauma theory of Donald Kalsched. Drawing on these theorists and current neuroscientific findings, the author works toward an equilibrium between the conscious and unconscious mind in a dialogical process of finding and giving meaning to the experience of schizophrenia through metaphors and the alchemy of language.

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Brenner, Colleen A. "An EEG investigation of visual spatial working memory and schizophrenia." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3207048.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Psychological and Brain Sciences, 2006.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-01, Section: B, page: 0531. Adviser: William P. Hetrick. "Title from dissertation home page (viewed Feb. 22, 2007)."

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Irani, Farzin Chute Douglas L. "A search for autoprosopagnosia in schizophrenia /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/2818.

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Clifton, Nicholas. "The role of schizophrenia susceptibility genes in associative learning." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2016. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/97209/.

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Schizophrenia is highly heritable, indicating that a large proportion of one’s susceptibility to developing the disorder is attributable to genetics. Recent large-scale genomic studies have revealed that genetic variants in patients with schizophrenia affect genes involved in synaptic plasticity processes, which are required for learning and memory, including genes encoding protein complexes associated with the NMDA receptor and the postsynaptic density. Further evidence suggests that associative learning may be particularly affected, although it is unclear which components of this cognitive process are implicated in schizophrenia. The present studies investigated the relationship between particular phases of associative learning, represented by the consolidation, retrieval and extinction of contextual fear memory in rats, with genetic variants, psychoactive drugs and postsynaptic density proteins associated with schizophrenia. I tested associative learning-related gene expression datasets for enrichment in genetic copy number variants from a large cohort of patients with schizophrenia and demonstrated that only genes associated with extinction learning are enriched in patient variants (Chapter 3). I report that fear extinction in rats was impaired by administration of the NMDA antagonist and psychotomimetic, ketamine (Chapter 4). The expression of activity- induced, postsynaptic density products of the Homer1 gene, which has been linked to psychiatric disease, was differentially regulated in specific hippocampal subregions following extinction learning (Chapter 5), and the effect of a partial knockdown of these genes during different phases of associative learning was investigated (Chapter 6). These results build on clinical studies linking abnormalities in associative and, specifically, extinction learning with schizophrenia and support the notion that genetic variants associated with the disorder impact particular cognitive domains. My findings are consistent with the theory that altered inhibitory-type learning processes contribute to the manifestation of schizophrenia.

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Ridha, Joober. "Neuroleptic therapeutic response and genetics of schizophrenia." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35930.

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Schizophrenia is a complex disease that affects up to 1% of the general population. It is manifested by a variable number of negative, positive and disorganisation symptoms giving rise to an important diversity in the expression of this syndrome. The treatment of schizophrenia is mainly based on neuroleptic drugs that alleviate, to a variable extent, psychotic symptoms in the majority but not all the patients. Although its aetiology is still unknown, it is now well established that schizophrenia is a brain disease resulting from the combination of environmental and genetic risk factors. In spite of intensive research, no specific genes were convincingly associated with schizophrenia possibly because of the presence of genetic heterogeneity. In this work, it was hypothesised that schizophrenic patients with excellent long-term response (R) and those with very poor long-term response to conventional neuroleptics (NR) may differ, at least partially, with respect to the pathogenesis of their disease. In this thesis we aimed at validating this classification scheme and illustrating its usefulness for genetic studies. In accordance with this hypothesis, it was found that NR differ from R patients with respect to age at onset, premorbid social adjustment, neuropsychological profiles and family history of psychiatric disorders. Molecular genetic investigations identified 2 genes, the hGT1 and 5-HT2a-receptor genes, that were associated respectively with responsive and nonresponsive schizophrenia, thus showing the utility of categorising patients according to their therapeutic response. A third gene, called hSWI2/SNF2 was also found to be associated with schizophrenia irrespective of therapeutic response to neuroleptics. In addition, a potentially abnormal protein was detected in two schizophrenic patients but not in controls. In conclusion, the distinction of schizophrenic patients belonging to the two extremes of long-term responsiveness to neuroleptics may help in iden

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Scott, Suzanne. "Theory of mind in individuals with paranoid schizophrenia." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4686/.

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Individuals with schizophrenia show deficits in theory of mind (ToM), however the nature of these deficits in individuals with paranoid symptoms is unclear. This study examined whether ToM ability in individuals with paranoid schizophrenia varied according to the emotional valence of items within ToM tasks. Eight participants with a diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia (patient group) and eight healthy controls completed two ToM tasks, the revised Eyes Test and a newly developed mental state reasoning task (New ToM Measure). Controls were significantly more accurate than the patient group on both tasks (revised Eyes Test: t (14) = 4.48, p = .001, d = 2.24, New ToM Measure: t (14) = 3.63, p = .003, d = 1.82). There was evidence of a trend for a mediating role of emotional valence in the patient group on the revised Eyes Test, although contrary to the study’s hypothesis, patients were more accurate on positive items than threat items (t (7) = 2.19, p = .07, d = 1.01). There was no evidence of a mediating role of emotional valence on the New ToM Measure. This study provides further evidence of ToM deficits in individuals with schizophrenia. The mixed evidence for the mediating role of emotional valence is discussed in relation to existing literature and the study’s limitations.

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Killcross, Andrew Simon. "Dopaminergic mechanisms and latent inhibition : implications for schizophrenia." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261541.

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Sun, Nee-ngor, and 孫妮娜. "Social cognitive functions of people with schizophrenia." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45588600.

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Bolden, Khalima Alicia. "Implicit socioemotional modulation of working memory brain activity in schizophrenia." Thesis, University of California, San Diego, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10144260.

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The neural substrate of interactions of working memory (WM) with socio-emotional processing is poorly understood in schizophrenia. This study builds on published papers using a delayed match to sample design to study the interaction of WM load with type of distracter (socially relevant faces vs. socially irrelevant geometric designs [FvG]) presented briefly during the WM maintenance period. Based on previously published findings, we hypothesize: (1) The FvG difference in brain activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in the task maintenance period will be largest at the highest WM load. (2) Among schizophrenia/ schizoaffective patients and healthy controls the magnitude of the face vs. geometric design (FvG) contrast in brain activity in the amygdala during the task maintenance period will follow a quadratic pattern across WM load when averaged over face type. (3) Among schizophrenia patients, the magnitude of the FvG contrast in brain activity in the amygdala and DLPFC at the greatest WM load will be correlated with negative symptoms.

Individuals between the ages of 18-55 diagnosed with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder (N = 12) and non-psychiatric controls (N = 20) matched with the patients on age, gender, paternal education and paternal socioeconomic status underwent structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). To assess the effect of implicit socioemotional modulation on brain activity during WM, the effect of facial distraction on brain activation was assessed for WM of pseudowords at three syllable loads (1, 2, and 3) across several face valence types and contrasted with the effect of a geometric distracter.

Results: Although patients performed significantly above chance, they were less accurate than controls with no difference in response latency. When the FvG contrast was tested for response latency, we observed a significant quadratic effect of WM load in healthy controls but a linear effect among patients. Similar patterns were found for response accuracy but were not statistically significant. With regard to neural activity, we found a significant bilateral linear trend of percent signal change on WM load for the FvG contrast in the DLPFC. among controls, with brain activation to faces greater than activation to designs only at the highest WM load. In the amygdala we observed a significant bilateral quadratic effect of percent signal change on WM load for the FvG contrast in the control group. We observed a significant difference in neural activation patterns in patients compared to controls in the DLPFC and the amygdala. Specifically, in patients, we observed a quadratic instead of a linear trend in the DLPFC but only in the right hemisphere. In the amygdala, the patients displayed a quadratic trend also only in the right hemisphere. In neither controls nor patients did individual differences in the quadratic effect of brain activity in the amygdala correlate with the quadratic effect in response time or accuracy. Although the correlation between the magnitude of the quadratic trend in the right amygdala at the highest WM load with general psychopathology was moderately large in patients, neither this effect nor any other brain activation effects were significantly correlated with psychopathology.

Confirming hypothesis one, controls showed the largest difference in brain activity of the FvG contrast in the DLPFC during the maintenance period at the highest WM load. However, in patients we saw significantly decreased percent signal change in DLPFC at the highest WM load on the FvG contrast in the maintenance period. For hypothesis two we observed a quadratic pattern of WM load on the FvG contrast in the maintenance period for both controls and patients, although this effect was only present in the right hemisphere of patients. Furthermore, contrary to hypothesis 3 we did not observe significant correlations between symptom severity and the magnitude of the FvG contrast in brain activity in the amygdala and DLPFC at the greatest WM load. These results suggest a separate process of social-discrimination is taking place in controls. However, this process appears to be impaired in individuals with schizophrenia. This disruption may be due to poor integration of different brain areas and interhemispheric communication. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest.)

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Larsson, Patrick. "Counselling psychologists' talk about the diagnosis of 'schizophrenia'." Thesis, University of Roehampton, 2011. https://pure.roehampton.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/counselling-psychologists-talk-about-the-diagnosis-of-schizophrenia(5b37204b-1bd4-456c-a439-dfbc06363b5c).html.

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This research explores how counselling psychologists construct of the diagnosis of ‘schizophrenia’ and their perceived ability to work with this client group. The diagnosis of ‘schizophrenia’ does not feature prominently in counselling psychology literature, and there is a distinct lack of empirical research pertaining to how counselling psychologist construct this diagnosis, as well as accounts of their experiences of working with this client group. The literature review commences with: an exploration of the context of counselling psychology with particular reference to theory, practice and research; the diagnosis of ‘schizophrenia’ in relation to the medical model debate; and, the implications of ‘schizophrenia’ for the theory and practice of counselling psychology, with a particular reference to diagnostic categories. A version of discourse analysis known as ‘critical discursive psychology’ is used to analyse how eight counselling psychologists talk about and around the diagnosis of ‘schizophrenia’ in semi-structured interviews. The analysis demonstrated a number of repertoires used in relation to the diagnosis of ‘schizophrenia’ and how these counselling psychologists use them in different ways. The analysis suggested that through the use of these repertoires the counselling psychologists negotiated their relationship with their clients, their ‘identity’ as counselling psychologists and the organisations they worked for. It was also found that there were a number of difficulties in their relation to the diagnosis of ‘schizophrenia’, such as how to negotiate the balance between phenomenology and empiricism, as well as the sometimes detrimental effects the institution had on the counselling psychologists. The research also raised questions concerning methodology and the use of critical discursive psychology in studying this topic, as well as issues regarding the conflicting epistemological positions of counselling psychology and critical discursive psychology.

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Chamrad, Diana Lynn. "Confirmation biases in paranoid and nonparanoid schizophrenia /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487266691095763.

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Alladin, Waseem Jamal. "Social dysfunction in chronic schizophrenia : nature, treatment and generalization." Thesis, University of Hull, 2005. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5633.

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The present research explores the impact of neurocognitive status on generalization of social skills training and how these difficulties are further compounded by the difficulty of inadequate matching of problems to treatments. The generalization problem is addressed in two phases. In the first phase, a suggestion that a subgroup of chronic schizophrenia patients may have normal abstract problem solving was investigated by comparing paranoid and non-paranoid chronic schizophrenic in-patients (n= 11 per group) with assessed social dysfunction. Only the paranoid group had profiles comparable to matched normal controls. The non-paranoid group had neuropsychological deficits (executive dysfunction) on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). In the second phase, a longitudinal study compared the differential efficacy of behavioural versus cognitive-behavioural social skills training (SST), and monitored the effects on maintenance and generalization, focusing on social anxiety. Concurrently, the treatment validity of a multidimensional assessment of social problem solving was assessed using an alternating treatments design with a multiple baseline across participants from three groups: skill deficits (n=3), cognitive blocks (n=3) and a control group (n=3) with both problems. All participants received four randomized sessions each of Behavioural SST and Cognitive-Behavioural SST. The group SST used a 'whisper in the ear' game format and included self-instructional training and social problem solving to facilitate generalization. The findings demonstrated the treatment validity of the multidimensional assessment and offered preliminary evidence for the differential efficacy, maintenance and generalization of Behavioural and Cognitive-Behavioural SST which occurred for untrained behaviours and was maintained at the 3- and 9-month follow-ups but only for those not impaired on the WCST. It is concluded that it is more productive for assessmentto focus on social anxiety and the practice of mixing schizophrenia patients in SST, without taking a neurocogitive baseline, may be responsible for confounding generalization efforts. A limitation of the research is that gender differences were not testable as there were insufficient numbers.

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Clews, Kelsey. "Persecutory Delusions and Suicide in Schizophrenia." Thesis, The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3688354.

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Suicide is a tragic, complex phenomenon experienced by individuals of all ages, genders and cultures. Given its widespread occurrence, it is important to identify predictive and risk factors in order to develop efficacious prevention and intervention strategies. One factor that has been consistently identified as increasing risk for suicide is being diagnosed with schizophrenia. Persecutory delusions have been most prominently researched in relation to outcome in schizophrenia; however, few studies have investigated the relationship between persecutory delusions and suicide risk for those with this diagnosis. Furthermore, studies that have been conducted are largely quantitative in nature, and therefore are limited by their ability to offer explanations for their results. Understanding quantitative relationships through a theoretical perspective focused on choice and meaning making, such as existential psychology, may increase the specificity and effectiveness of preventative programs and intervention approaches, ultimately leading to more saved lives. This dissertation therefore used archival data from participants in the Chicago Follow-Up Study diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder to explore the relationship between the course of suicidality and persecutory delusions in schizophrenia through an existential lens. Locus of control and self-esteem were included in the analysis as possible mediating variables. Those with high self-esteem endorsed higher suicidal activity, and those with persecutory delusions endorsed higher suicidal activity and a more external locus of control. Implications of these results suggest both self-esteem and locus of control should be addressed as possible mediating factors in the relationship between persecutory delusions and suicide for those diagnosed with schizophrenia.

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Dasher, Artishia R. "An African American Male Perspective on Medication, Schizophrenia, and Crime." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7470.

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Mental health disparities in African American males contribute disproportionate rates of incarceration treatment access. There is a significant need to revise current mental health practices to address treatment barriers. The purpose of this study was to understand whether medication management could reduce criminality in violent African American males diagnosed with schizophrenia. A phenomenological examination of psychiatric perceptions and psychological treatment coupled with race was performed, utilizing the critical race and rational choice theory. Two research questions were developed to understand effective medication management and what barriers are present that cause noncompliance resulting in criminal activity. A hermeneutic phenomenological approach was used examining 8-10 mental health and criminal justice professionals' perceptions of medication and its effects on violent schizophrenic African American males. Anonymous questionnaires with pre-addressed stamped envelopes was sent to a national counseling center and a law enforcement agency. Data were analyzed through the application of qualitative research data, coding, and development of themes. Fifty questionnaires were mailed out, and 11 responses were returned. Three themes of medication management, medication knowledge, and managing care were explored. Data analysis and results coincided with previous research. Positive social change will be affected through professionals enforcing early intervention and education of the effectiveness of medication and how it can reduce incarceration.

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Sestito, Nicole Chute Douglas L. "Improving everyday action through executive training in schizophrenia /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/3261.

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Morrison, Jason Malcolm. "Empathy and theory of mind in schizophrenia and anxiety disorders." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=86562.

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This study examined the factors that lead people with schizophrenia to perform poorly on experimental theory of mind (ToM) paradigms. A group with psychosis (n=26) was compared to a group with anxiety disorders (n=27) and a healthy control group (n=25) on two tests of ToM (the Eyes and Hinting tests) and a measure of global empathy (the Empathy Quotient). The psychosis group performed worse than controls on all measures, with negative symptoms as the key negative predictive factor. When divided by remission status, only the non-remitted psychotic group differed from the other two groups on ToM measures. The anxiety group performed worse than controls on the measure of global empathy, and social anxiety was associated with poor performance on ToM and global empathy paradigms. Further research into the role of anxiety in ToM performance is warranted. The role of paradigm and specific psychotic symptoms in ToM performance is discussed.
Cette étude a examiné les facteurs qui contribuent au mauvais rendement des individus atteints de schizophrénie dans les paradigmes expérimentaux de la théorie de l'esprit (TdE). Un groupe avec psychose (n = 26) a été comparé à un groupe avec des troubles anxieux (n = 27) et un groupe contrôle en bonne santé (n = 25) avec deux échelles sur la TdE (soit le test des yeux et la tâche d'inférence) ainsi qu'une échelle d'empathie globale (le quotient d'empathie). Le rendement du groupe de psychose a été moindre que le rendement du groupe contrôle sur toutes les échelles, les symptômes négatifs étant déterminants dans ces résultats. Lorsque séparées par statut de rémission, seules les personnes avec symptoms actifs de psychose différaient de deux autres groupes sur les échelles de TdE. Le rendement du groupe des troubles anxieux a été moindre que le rendement du groupe contrôle sur l'échelle de l'empathie globale; l'anxiété sociale étant associée à une mauvaise performance au TdE et aux paradigmes de l'empathie globale. Plus d'études sur le rôle de l'anxiété sur la performance au TdE est nécessaire. Le rôle des paradigmes et des symptômes psychotiques spécifiques sur la performance au TdE est discuté.

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Chintoh, Araba. "Event-related potential correlates of theory of mind in schizophrenia." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81272.

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Theory of mind (ToM) is the knowledge that other people have minds, thoughts, beliefs and values different from our own. Patients with schizophrenia are generally thought to be impaired at tasks requiring this ability. Frith (1992) has proposed that specific signs and symptoms of schizophrenia are associated with dysfunction in ToM ability. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of thought disorder in theory of mind and to tease out the electrophysiological correlates of this phenomenon. Participants partook in an intention attribution task, during which event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded. Patients with high ratings of thought disorder performed worse than those with low thought disorder and significantly worse than normal subjects. ERP results were unexpected as no differences were detected for ERPs on frontal sites. A significant difference in the P600 component was observed on Pz. Possible explanations for parietal activation are discussed.

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Reed, Victoria. "Theory of mind and central coherence in schizophrenia and autism." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.482791.

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Toulopoulou, Timothea. "Episodic memory and executive processing in schizophrenia : a family study." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248057.

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Champagne, Frances Anne. "Genetic loading and Schizophrenia : relation to course and outcome." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32739.

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Previous studies have attempted to associate aspects of course and outcome with the schizophrenia genotype. Reliance on a dichotomous familial loading variable as the single indicator of genetic loading has yielded inconsistent results. The goal of the present study was to create a continuous loading variable based on multiple indicators of the schizophrenia genotype (family history of schizophrenia and attention and verbal memory in the 1st degree relatives of the patient) and to determine its association with premorbid adjustment, age at onset, symptoms, and chronicity. Our results suggest that a continuous family history variable predicted problems in premorbid adjustment and an earlier age at onset. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that verbal memory in the siblings of the patient increased the amount of variance accounted for in premorbid attention problems, over and above that predicted by family history. A "genetic loading" variable based on the incorporation of neuropsychologically impaired siblings into the calculations of family history was significantly correlated with premorbid attention problems.

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Eriksson, Åsa. "Risk factors for criminal offending among men with schizophrenia." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-666-2/.

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Laatikainen, Linda Maria. "The role of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) in hippocampal function." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d0c9e1fa-a052-4af7-aaff-00548365e024.

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Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) metabolises catechol-containing compounds, including dopamine. The aim of this thesis was to investigate whether COMT is involved in hippocampal function. This thesis also explored the role of functional polymorphisms within the COMT gene in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and schizophrenia-related phenotypes. First, as part of a study investigating the role of COMT in schizophrenia, human hippocampal COMT mRNA levels were shown to be neither altered in schizophrenia or bipolar disease, nor affected by COMT genotype. Hence, functional COMT polymorphisms do not appear to operate by altering gross COMT mRNA expression. Importantly, this study showed that COMT is expressed in the human hippocampus. Second, the role of COMT in hippocampal neurochemistry was explored by studying the effect of pharmacological COMT inhibition on catecholamines and metabolites in rat hippocampal homogenates, and extracellularly, using microdialysis. Both demonstrated that COMT modulates hippocampal dopamine metabolism. Thus, hippocampal COMT is of functional significance with respect to dopamine. Third, the effect of COMT inhibition on hippocampus-dependent behaviour was investigated. The results suggested a memory-enhancing effect of pharmacological COMT inhibition on hippocampus-dependent associative and non-associative forms of short-term memory in rats. In contrast, acute COMT inhibition appeared to have no effect on behavioural correlates of ventral hippocampal function i.e. anxiety-like behaviour. In summary, the expression of COMT mRNA in the human hippocampus, as well as the effect of COMT inhibition on rat hippocampal neurochemistry and hippocampus-dependent behaviour provide evidence for a functional role of COMT in the hippocampus. Moreover, changes in COMT activity alter hippocampal dopamine metabolism, which could be a potential mechanism for the role of COMT in hippocampus-dependent short-term memory.

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Krishnan, Giri. "Evoked neural oscillations to steady state auditory stimuli in schizophrenia." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3378363.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Psychological and Brain Sciences, 2009.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Jul 8, 2010). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-10, Section: B, page: 6598. Advisers: Brian F. O'Donnel; Olaf Sporns.

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Puri, Basant K. "Serial neuroimaging in schizophrenia using image segmentation, subvoxel registration, and quantitation." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248130.

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Galvin, Stephen William. "Cognitive deficits in schizophrenia : their nature and impact on daily life." Thesis, University of Hull, 1998. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:10452.

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This research provides further support for the existence of differential cognitive impairments in schizophrenia and especially for the presence of disproportionate attentional deficits. The results add credibility to the view that attentional disorders are responsible for many of the problems of everyday living in schizophrenia. Crucially these findings are the first to demonstrate in a schizophrenic sample a clear relationship between attentional deficits measured by objective tests and those measured by independent ratings. This project is also the first to show that attentional deficits account for a substantial proportion of the variance in social and interpersonal functioning even after controlling for the potential contribution of a comprehensive range of other factors, including negative symptoms. This study shows that schizophrenics are acutely aware of having cognitive difficulties. However the research confirms previous findings with a diverse range of samples showing that the subjective judgements do not correlate with performance on cognitive tests nor with independent ratings of cognitive functioning. However, as predicted it was also shown that self ratings of cognitive efficacy are related to dysphoric mood, greater use of avoidant coping methods, and a failure to use active coping strategies. This suggests a possible vicious cycle of helplessness which may be amenable to therapeutic interventions. The present findings indicate the potential value of using comprehensive assessments of cognitive functioning as a part of the routine clinical assessment procedure for schizophrenic patients. Assessments based on existing symptom rating scales do not adequately describe the impairments faced by someone living with schizophrenia, nor how these deficits interfere so profoundly with the tasks of daily life. Such detailed assessments of cognitive functioning may in the future help to guide cognitive and environmental interventions aimed at improving the well being, coping and functioning of those who have to endure this illness.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Schizophrenia. Learning, Psychology of'

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