Dissertations / Theses: 'Schistosomiasis'

1

Hamilton, Joanne V. "Antigens for the serodiagnosis of schistosomiasis." Thesis, Bangor University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266826.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Robinson, Kate Louise. "Nutritional pathology during experimental Schistosomiasis mansoni." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1996. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4811/.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Sadler, Clare Helen. "Immunomodulation during chronic murine Schistosomiasis mansoni." Thesis, University of York, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369342.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Wami, Welcome Mkululi. "Paediatric schistosomiasis : diagnosis, morbidity and treatment." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/15674.

Full text

Abstract:

Schistosomiasis is a major parasitic disease caused by parasitic helminths of the genus Schistosoma which affects children in Africa, with negative impacts on general health, growth and cognitive development. Infection and morbidity are controlled by treatment with the antihelminthic drug praziquantel. Preschool children (aged ≤5 years old) have been neglected both in terms of research and control, and it is only recently that the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended praziquantel treatment and the inclusion of preschool children in control programmes. However, the burden of disease in this age group still remains poorly understood, and the performance of the currently available tools for detecting infection and morbidity is still yet to be systematically evaluated. The aim of this thesis was to compare the utility of currently available tools for diagnosing S. haematobium infection and related morbidity. The initial study cohort consisted of 438 Zimbabwean children (age range: 1-10 years) who were endemically exposed. Point-of-care schistosome-related morbidity markers applicable in the field, as well as serological biomarkers (CHI3L1, CRP, ferritin, resistin and SLPI) and inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13 and IFN-γ) that could predict early stages of immune-mediated pathology due to schistosomiasis were measured. Using a combination of applied statistical methods, the effect of treatment on factors associated with S. haematobium exposure, infection and morbidity in children aged 1-5 years was determined and the findings compared with those observed in children aged between 6-10 years old, who are the current targets of the schistosome control programmes. In this thesis, I able to demonstrate that preschool children carried significant infection, further reiterating the need for their inclusion in control programmes. Furthermore, this study demonstrated the importance of using additional sensitive diagnostic methods as this has implications on the required intervention strategies for the targeted populations. This study further revealed that preschool children can be effectively screened for schistosome-related morbidity using the same currently available diagnostic tools applicable to older children. Urinalysis markers microhaematuria, proteinuria and albuminuria are recommended in this thesis as the best choice for rapid assessment of morbidity attributed to S. haematobium infection in the field. Additionally, it was shown that the praziquantel treatment regimens aimed at controlling schistosome infection and morbidity currently designated for primary school-aged children and older populations are applicable to preschool-aged children. The involvement of serum biomarkers and immune correlates in the biological processes of inflammation suggests that these markers can be potential early predictors of schistosome-related pathology. Further research efforts are required to establish the relationship between these biomarkers and presence of schistosome-related morbidity as measured using point-of-care indicators in larger cohorts of populations chronically exposed to schistosome infections. In summary, the findings of this thesis highlight the need for the refinement of existing diagnostic methods for accurate detection of infection and morbidity in children. This will enable appropriate and timely intervention strategies, aimed at improving the current and future health of preschool aged-children to be implemented. The findings presented here will aid researchers and other stakeholders in making informed choices about intervention tools for control programmes targeting young children.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Bartley, Paul Benedict. "Artemether and the immunobioology of schistosomiasis japonica /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18411.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Hota-Mitchell, Sheela. "Molecular approaches to vaccine development against schistosomiasis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0004/NQ32311.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Philip, Judith Mary Dundas. "Immune responses following Praziquantel treatment of schistosomiasis." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.615292.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Xiao, Yuan, Yi Lu, Michael Hsieh, Joseph Liao, and Pak Kin Wong. "A Microfiltration Device for Urogenital Schistosomiasis Diagnostics." Public Library of Science, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/614655.

Full text

Abstract:

Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease affecting over 200 million people worldwide. This study reports the design and development of a microfiltration device for isolating schistosome eggs in urine for rapid diagnostics of urogenital schistosomiasis. The design of the device comprises a linear array of microfluidic traps to immobilize and separate schistosome eggs. Sequential loading of individual eggs is achieved autonomously by flow resistance, which facilitates observation and enumeration of samples with low-abundance targets. Computational fluid dynamics modeling and experimental characterization are performed to optimize the trapping performance. By optimizing the capture strategy, the trapping efficiency could be achieved at 100% with 300 mu l/min and 83% with 3000 mu l/min, and the filtration procedure could be finished within 10 min. The trapped eggs can be either recovered for downstream analysis or preserved in situ for whole-mount staining. On-chip phenotyping using confocal laser fluorescence microscopy identifies the microstructure of the trapped schistosome eggs. The device provides a novel microfluidic approach for trapping, counting and on-chip fluorescence characterization of urinal Schistosoma haematobium eggs for clinical and investigative application.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Stahlberg, Karl [Verfasser]. "Ocurrence of Schistosomiasis in Madagascar / Karl Stahlberg." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1241249199/34.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

TimbÃ, Maria JosÃ Menezes. "Fatores determinantes da manutenÃÃo da transmissÃo da esquistossomose mÃnsonica em Ãrea endÃmica do CearÃ." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 1998. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=10447.

Full text

Abstract:

A esquistossomose mansÃnica Ã considerada uma doenÃa de grande importÃncia em saÃde pÃblica, porque, embora tenha uma distribuiÃÃo focal, ainda Ã prevalente em extensas Ãreas do globo. Nesses focos, a doenÃa pode determinar formas clÃnicas graves, reduzindo, drasticamente, a capacidade laborativa e os anos de vida, com qualidade, dos indivÃduos portadores. Recentemente, medidas de controle, baseadas em tratamento em massa, saneamento e manejo do meio ambiente, fornecimento de Ãgua de qualidade e controle quÃmico de caramujos, tÃm propiciado um impacto significativo na morbidade desta parasitose, primariamente, em virtude de reduÃÃo na carga de parasitas na populaÃÃo e, secundariamente, pela queda da prevalÃncia. A Ãrea endÃmica da esquistossomose no CearÃ, identificada em 1977, compreendia um total de 2.972 localidades, distribuÃdas em 16 municÃpios. AÃÃes de controle foram desenvolvidas, de forma sistemÃtica e uniforme, em todas as localidades endÃmicas do CearÃ, nos Ãltimos 20 anos. Algumas localidades responderam, de forma espetacular, Ãs medidas de controle, enquanto outras nÃo apresentaram a mesma resposta. Este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar quais os fatores responsÃveis pela manutenÃÃo da transmissÃo da esquistossomose, numa Ãrea sob o impacto permanente de medidas de controle. Em particular, comparou-se a execuÃÃo de prÃticas e de fatores de risco ambientais, da densidade de caramujos e do percentual de infecÃÃo natural de caramujos, em localidades de alta e baixa transmissÃo. Observou-se, que alguns fatores de risco eram mais frequentes nas localidades de alta transmissÃo e que outros eram distribuÃdos, igualmente, nos dois grupos de localidades. Adicionalmente, as localidades de baixa transmissÃo estavam num estÃgio de urbanizaÃÃo menos avanÃado que as localidades de alta transmissÃo, de forma que o contato com a natureza e o consequente risco de exposiÃÃo aos fatores ambientais era mais frequente entre os indivÃduos que viviam nas localidades de baixa transmissÃo. No entanto, nas localidades de alta transmissÃo, o ambiente oferecia maior risco pois, tanto a densidade como as estimativas da frequÃncia da infecÃÃo natural dos caramujos eram maiores, proporcionando, assim, riscos adicionais para a transmissÃo da esquistossomose.
Schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni is a very important disease from a public health perspective. Although, the disease is focused its distribution is worldwide. The infection can determine clinical disease which hamper the laborious capacity of individuals and reduce the quality-adjusted life years. Recently, control programmes based in treatment, sanitation, supply of clean water and chemical control of snails have had a significant impact on the morbidity of this parasitosis, mainly due to reduction of the intensity and prevalence of infection. The endemic area for schistosomiasis in Ceara, was delimited in 1977, and it includes 2,972 villages over 16 municipalities. The control programme has been implemented, systematically and uniformly, in all endemic villages of Ceara for 20 years. Some villages have displayed a dramatic decrease in the intensity and prevalence of infection, although other did not. This study aims to describe the factors involved in the maintenance of transmission of schistosomiasis in an area under pressure of control over 20 years. Specifically, we compared the prevalence of risky behaviors, environmental risk factors, density and natural infection rate of snails from villages with high transmission with those from low transmission villages. We have concluded that some risk factors were more prevalent in high transmission villages, and others had similar prevalence in both group of villages. Moreover, the low transmission villages were in a lower degree of urbanization, in order that the man-water contact were more frequent there. Despite a lower exposure to water in the high transmission area, the likelihood of infection was higher because the environment exposes individual to a higher burden of the parasite expressed by a higher density and natural infection rate of snails in the higher transmission area.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Olveda, David Brian Uy. "Assessment of Schistosomiasis Induced Morbidity in the Philippines." Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/368011.

Full text

Abstract:

Schistosomiasis is a water-borne tropical disease plaguing approximately 240 million people worldwide. Approximately 3-70 million disability-adjusted life years are lost due to the disease. In the Philippines, schistosomiasis japonica is currently endemic in 28 provinces, 190 municipalities, and 2230 barangays (villages). Approximately 12 million residents of these endemic areas are vulnerable to infection. Preventive chemotherapy with praziquantel has been the cornerstone for schistosomiasis control in the country. The current national control program comprises annual free mass drug administration (MDA) (40 mg/kg PZQ) in all schistosomiasis-endemic communities with a prevalence of >10%. The Philippine National Schistosomiasis Control Program has recently reported that human prevalence has declined to less than 3% nationally. However, contradictory reports claim the national program is faltering. Poor drug coverage, poor drug compliance, infrequent monitoring and evaluation, and high reinfection rates daunt control efforts. Zoonotic transmission further complicates control efforts. Furthermore, advanced disease cases and schistosomiasis-related deaths are currently being reported in endemic areas throughout the country.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Medical Science
Griffith Health
Full Text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Pereira, Leila Maria Moreira. "Hepatotropic viruses and autoimmunity in schistosomiasis in Brazil." Thesis, Open University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357964.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Larbi, Irene. "Social and environmental epidemiology of schistosomiasis in Ghana." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2017. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/84699/.

Full text

Abstract:

Chemotherapy has provided a realistic approach for controlling schistosomiasis in resource-poor settings such as sub-Saharan Africa and control programmes have mainly adopted an age-targeted strategy of implementation. However, it is being increasingly argued that the setting-specific context in which the transmission of schistosome infections occurs may render this global approach of chemotherapy implementation inefficient. Evidence from different endemic settings points to the fact that the transmission dynamics of schistosome infections is not merely an interplay between humans and the parasites, but also a series complex interactions between environmental and social processes. Hence the degree of the spatial heterogeneity, that often characterises the transmission of infections, may differ for different endemic settings depending on the extent of the interaction between these processes. This thesis employs geostatistical methodology in assessing the collective effects of the social and environmental determinants of schistosome transmission within different endemic settings in Ghana. It also explores how these processes may influence the patterns of transmission at the local level and how these patterns could be utilised in improving the effectiveness of mass chemotherapy intervention programmes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Leeto, Mosiuoa. "The role of IL-4Ra during acute schistosomiasis." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3416.

Full text

Abstract:

Includes bibliographical references.
During an infection with Schistosoma mansoni, immunopathology is associated with a dominant TH-2 type cytokine expression, tissue cosinophilia and high levels of serum immunoglobulin E. It is postulated that in addition to egg specific CD4+T cells, an IL-4Rα+ non-T cell effector population is required to prevent tissue pathology. The role of this dissertation was to examine the functional role of IL-Rα expression on the cells of the myeloid and lymphoid lineages during an acute Schistosoma mansoni infection and its requirement for the extent pf schistosome egg induced lung inflammation and pathology.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Ali, Pirlanta Omer. "Schistosoma mansoni schistosomulum surface epitopes and their relevance to protective immunity." Thesis, Brunel University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253289.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Fallon, Padraic G. "Experimental chemotherapy of Schistosoma mansoni." Thesis, Bangor University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240017.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Awad, A. H. H. "Studies on the ultrastructure of Schistosoma margrebowiei and the effects of drug treatment." Thesis, Bangor University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236386.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Mubarak, Jamil Salim. "The host-parasite relationship of schistosomes in mice." Thesis, Bangor University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321389.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Anderson, Sonia. "Induction of immunity in mice by the radiation attenuated schistosome vaccine." Thesis, University of York, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318270.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Ashton, Peter Damian. "Characterisation of the egg secretions of Schistosoma mansoni." Thesis, University of York, 2001. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10790/.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Muchemi, Gerald K. M. "Baboons as maintenance hosts of human schistosomiasis in Kenya." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317139.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Mpotje, Thabo Rantanta Victor. "The role of BATF2 during of experimental murine Schistosomiasis." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26898.

Full text

Abstract:

Schistosomiasis is one of the most debilitating tropical diseases with the potential to cause morbidity and mortality in infected populations unless well controlled. Current control measures are limited to treatment with praziquantel. A rather alarming situation given i) the inability of the drug to directly target the pathogenic eggs, ii) the emergence of praziquantel-resistant schistosomes, iii) the persistence of tissue fibro-proliferative destruction caused by the trapped parasite eggs, even after treatment. Intestinal and liver immunopathology are pathognomonic of schistosomiasis and generally result from the host inadequate Th2 and or Th17 responses to the egg-derived antigens. Failure to control these immune responses causes the most of the detriment to the infected host, highlighting the need for a better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms which might help prevent excessive immune responsiveness and the ensuing immunopathology. A Basic leucine zipper transcription factor ATF-like 2 (BATF2) which belongs to a family of transcription factors critical in the control of inflammatory responses has gained enormous momentum recently as a potential target to immune deregulation during cancer and infectious diseases. We reasoned that an eventual BATF2 influence on the host immune response during schistosomiasis might unveil its anti-disease potency and greatly facilitate the quest for a novel control strategy against the immunopathology during schistosomiasis. Addressing this in our present study, BATF2-deficient mice were used and characterized for immunological and physiological parameters during steady state and Schistosomiasis. Although the liver showed a reduced pro-fibrotic response, there was a notable increase of several pro-fibrotic cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-ƴ, TGF-β and IL-13) Which further translated into an elevated level of granulomatous inflammation and fibrosis in the gut of S. mansoni infected BATF-2-deficient mice when compared to the liver tissues of BATF2-deficient mice and both livers and intestines of infected littermate controls indicating that BATF2 appears to have a tissue-specific role on the regulation of fibrogranulomatous inflammation during schistosomiasis. Therefore, BATF2 has a critical, and hitherto unappreciated, role in mediating the regulation of gut fibrogranulomatous response so as to promote host survival during schistosomiasis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Gouvras, Anouk N. "Intestinal and urinary schistosomiasis dynamics in sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/6922.

Full text

Abstract:

Schistosomiasis is a chronic infection by a digean trematode of the genus Schistosoma. More than 207 million people are infected with this parasite, of which 120 million are symptomatic. There are two main species infecting humans in sub-Saharan Africa: Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni, both occur in areas with similar socio-economic and environmental conditions and often have matching distribution patterns. The principle aims of the research presented in this thesis were to further our understanding of schistosome population genetics, associated human host morbidity and chemotherapeutic treatment of schistosomes in relation to mixed species infections. Structured sampling of parasites and/or host traits from school-aged children at baseline and post Mass Drug Administration (MDA) in Niger and Kenya were performed. The results presented provided evidence for S. haematobium - S. mansoni interactions and their impact on the human host and on the parasite population. In Kenya coinfections had lower S. haematobium related morbidity relative to single S. haematobium infections pre and post MDA. Additionally parasite infra-populations from coinfected children had higher genetic diversity levels compared to single infected children in mixed infection foci. In Niger, an impact of MDA on the population genetics of S. mansoni was detected in one mixed infection village, characterised as a noticeable bottleneck effect, but not in the other. There was no apparent impact of MDA on the population genetics of S. haematobium. Conversely, in Kenya, a significant impact of MDA on both species was detected, with a bottleneck effect occurring on the S. haematobium population and conversely, an increase in genetic diversity in the S. mansoni population. The results of this thesis are discussed in terms of their implications on schistosome epidemiology and evolution, and in relation to the control of schistosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Hurst, Maria. "Schistosomiasis japonica in the pig : aspects of pathology and pathogenesis /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2000. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2000/91-576-5944-3.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Gonzalez, Santana Bibiana. "Cysteine proteases: potential serodiagnostic reagents for human Schistosomiasis and Fasciolosis." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=110691.

Full text

Abstract:

Schistosomiasis and fasciolosis are parasitic diseases that affect a great number of people, particularly in developing countries, and cause huge global morbidity. Diagnosis is essential for control, treatment and prognosis of the diseases and yet a simple, cheap, sensitive and specific assay is not readily available for either of them. In the current study, cathepsin B (SmCB) and cathepsin L1 (FhCL1) were investigated as potential diagnostic reagents to detect schistosomiasis and fasciolosis, respectively, in humans. The genes encoding SmCB and FhCL1 were expressed Pichia pastoris and the proteins isolated to homogeneity by affinity chromatography. The SmCB ELISA was optimized for antigen concentration, primary antibody dilution and secondary antibody dilution using a pool of sera obtained from patients that were coprologically-positive or negative for schistosomiasis. A clear distinctive was achieved between these two sera pools. However, when employed to screen a panel of patients from Senegal the test failed to provide satisfactory discrimination between schistosoma-infected and schistosoma-negative individuals. The FhCL1 ELISA was optimized using sera from Fasciola-infected individuals from Cuba, and samples from Cuban and Canadian non-infected patients. We determined the optimal dilution for the primary antibody and also assessed/compared the performance of anti-total IgG, IgG4, IgG1 and IgG2 secondary conjugated antibodies. Total IgG provided the best discrimination between Fasciola- infected and non-Fasciola infected individuals with a 99.99% sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, by screening sera obtained from patients infected with various worm and protozoan diseases we showed that the FhCL1 ELISA does not cross-react with other diseases commonly found in similar geographical regions as fasciolosis. In conclusion, diagnosis of human schistosomiasis still remains uncertain and more studies need to be performed to improve our diagnostic test using SmCB. On the other hand, we have developed a simple, sensitive, specific and accurate test to detected human fasciolosis by using FhCL1, a major protease released by the parasite. The P. pastoris expression system allowed us to obtain up to 80 mg of FhCL1 enzyme per 4 L culture. Therefore, we not only have developed a standardized test that showed high specificity and sensitivity but we also have the methodology to obtain sufficent quantities of antigen needed future mass screening of human fasciolosis in affected regions.
La schistosomiase et la fasciolose sont deux maladies parasitaires qui touchent un grand nombre de personnes, en particulier dans les pays en développement, causant une morbidité élevée. Le diagnostic est essentiel pour le contrôle, le traitement et le pronostic de ces maladies et pourtant aucun essai simple, abordable, sensible et spécifique n'est disponible à ce jour pour l'une d'entre elles. Dans le cadre de la présente étude, cathepsine B (SmCB) et cathepsine L1 (FhCL1) ont fait l'objet d'une investigation sur leur potentiel à être utiliser pour diagnostiquer la schistosomiase et fasciolose, respectivement, chez les humains. Dans la présente étude, les gènes encodant SmCB et FhCL1 ont été exprimés dans Pichia pastoris et les protéines isolées par chromatographie d'affinité. Le test ELISA pour SmCB a été optimisé pour une concentration en antigène et pour une dilution d'anticorps primaire et secondaire en utilisant un pool de sérums provenant de patients qui étaient positifs ou négatifs pour la schistosomiase suivant des examens coprologique. Une distinction claire entre ces deux bassins de sérums a été observée. Toutefois, lorsque le test a été utilisé pour dépister des patients du Sénégal, il a échoué à fournir une discrimination satisfaisante entre les individus infectés et non-infectés par la schistosomiase.Le test ELISA pour FhCL1 a été optimisé à l'aide de sérums provenant de personnes cubaines infectées par la fasciolose et de patients non-infectés de Cuba et du Canada. Nous avons déterminé la dilution optimale pour l'anticorps primaire et également évalué et comparé la performance des anticorps secondaires conjugués contre les IgG totaux, IgG4, IgG1 et IgG2. Les IgG totaux ont fourni la meilleure discrimination entre les personnes infectées et non-infectées par la fasciolose avec une sensibilité et une spécificité de 99.99 %. En plus, en appliquant le test de dépistage sur des patients infectés par d'autres variétés de vers et de protozoaires, nous avons démontré que le test ELISA pour FhCL1 ne réagit pas de façon croisée avec d'autres maladies retrouvées couramment dans les régions géographiques où se trouve la fasciolose.En conclusion, le diagnostic de la schistosomiase humaine reste encore incertain et d'autres études doivent être effectuées pour améliorer notre test de dépistage utilisant SmCB. D'autre part, nous avons développé un test simple, sensible, spécifique et précis pour le dépistage de la fasciolose humaine en utilisant FhCL1, une protéase majeure relâchée par le parasite. Le système d'expression de P. pastoris nous a permis d'obtenir jusqu'à 80 mg de FhCL1 par 4 litres de culture. Dans la présente étude, nous avons non seulement mis au point un test standardisé démontrant une spécificité et une sensibilité élevées, mais également développé une procédure pour produire de grandes quantités d'antigènes nécessaires au dépistage à grande échelle de la fasciolose humaine dans les régions touchées.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Ansell, Juliet. "The epidemiology and control of urinary schistosomiasis in school children." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390423.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Mangal, Tara Danielle. "Developing spatio-temporal models of schistosomiasis transmission with climate change." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.526800.

Full text

Abstract:

Schistosomiasis is one of the most prevalent diseases in the world and a major cause of morbidity in Africa. Accurate determination of the geographical distribution of schistosomiasis in Africa along with the number of people affected is difficult, since reliable prevalence data are often not available for most of the African continent. Effective schistosomiasis control programmes rely on accurate statistics regarding the geographical distribution of disease, the population at risk, and the intensity of disease transmission. These estimates can be obtained using a number of statistical methods which relate prevalence and intensity of disease to risk factors, measured at the individual level and at the population level. Schistosoma mansoni is largely a climatedriven parasite, which relies on the availability of a suitable snail host. The survival of parasitic infection depends on climatic variables, such as temperature, rainfall and vegetation. Statistical models which incorporate spatial or individual heterogeneity are highly complex and require large numbers of parameters. Until recently, the most common approach was to use regression modelling to identify risk factors for disease transmission. However, this method has a number of limitations. In particular, it gives no information on the dynamics of transmission, e. g. will the disease reach an endemic state under a certain set of conditions or be subject to a periodic cycle? The aim of this thesis was to a) develop mechanistic transmission models to study how schistosomiasis disease dynamics change with water temperature change and to parameterise these models to provide better estimates for a specific host-parasite combination; b) explore how the efficacy of control programmes changes with changing water temperature; c) produce continent-wide maps of schistosomiasis prevalence in Africa, using a combination of geospatial models and environmental data; d) to quantify the impact of climate change over the next 50 years on the prevalence and intensity of disease. A mechanistic model describing the transmission dynamics of schistosomiasis at a range of water temperatures was developed and showed that as the long-term mean temperature increases up to 29°C, the mean worm burden increases. At 34°C, the mean worm burden starts to taper, as the thermal limits of both the snail and the parasite are reached. Adding complexity to the models, such as snail density-dependence and adult parasite density-dependence, had no significant impact on the overall transmission patterns. However, a sensitivity analysis revealed subtle changes in the relative importance of certain parameters. The most detailed model showed that the parameters describing the transmission of schistosomes from snail to man were the most sensitive to change and therefore, provided a useful target point for control strategies. The effects of various control programmes were modelled using discrete time series models and manipulation of the individual parameters. The most effective control programme was repeated mass chemotherapy, although reducing contact with contaminated water also proved highly effective. Producing maps of geo-referenced point prevalence data highlighted the areas in which no data currently exist. This provides an invaluable tool for determining which regions need further study. Four separate geospatial models were developed to predict the distribution of schistosomiasis over Africa, and each was validated using existing data. The ordinary kriging model provided the best estimates for prevalence data and the indicator kriging model provided the best estimates for the probability of infection within a population. These models are useful for determining high-risk populations and locating areas in which control efforts should be focussed. Two types of regression models were used to investigate associations between climatic variables and prevalence of disease. Monthly rainfall and mean annual temperature were shown to have important roles in defining the limits of schistosomiasis transmission. Using these data, it is possible to define a threshold, outside which schistosomiasis transmission is unlikely to occur. These models were used to predict how the distribution of schistosomiasis would change with climate change. It was shown that over the next 50 years, there will be an increase in the number of areas able to support the intermediate vector. Without socio-economic development or intervention strategies, this will almost certainly be followed by an increase in disease transmission. The use of mathematical and geospatial models can greatly enhance our understanding of schistosome epidemiology and are an essential tool in the planning stages of any intervention strategy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Yoon, Nara. "STRATIFIED WORM BURDEN APPROACH TO MODELING SCHISTOSOMIASIS TRANSMISSION AND CONTROL." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1464263987.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Zahed, Nabeel Zaki. "Experimental and field studies on the role of hamadryas baboons Papio hamadryas as maintenance hosts of Schistosoma mansoni in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Brunel University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309054.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Walker, John Charles. "Studies on Australian buliniform planorbids : their potential role as schistosome hosts." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1985. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/26329.

Full text

Abstract:

The potential role of Australian buliniform planorbids in the transmission of Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma mansoni has been assessedby experimental exposures to infection in the laboratory. No Australian snail became infected with trematode and these results are discussed in relation to previous reports of the transmission of Schistosoma haematobium in Australia. The fact that these planorbids appear to lack susceptibility to human schistosomes has significance for the frequent use of as a generic name for Australian snails in particular, for the synonymising of Isidorella Tate with Bulinus Muller by Hubendick. The genera of Australian buliniform planorbids recognised by Iredale have been examined anatomically and their classification reviewed. The major conclusions reached are: 1/. Isidorella is not congeneric with Bulinus and is an endemic Australian genus. 2/. Iredale's genera Lenameria, Tasmadora and Mutalena are synonyms of Physastra Tapparone Canefri which, in turn, is a synonym of Glyptophysa Crosse. In this classification Physastra is recognised as a subgenus of Glyptophysa, 3/. Glyptamode Iredale is a synonym of Glyptophysea. 4/. Oppletora Iredale and Whitley, synonymised with Bulinus by Hubendick, is actually related to Glyptophysa and is placed in a separate subgenus. 5/. Ancylastrum Bourguignat has been examined and the results confirm Hubendick's opinion that this limpet-like genus is related to Glyptophysa. Two species can be separated by simple anatomical characters. 6/. The genus Bayardella Burch includes two species. B. johni and B. cosmeta, once considered to be a species of Glyptophysa. 7/. Ameriella Cotton is recognised as a subgenus within Amerianna Strand and includes species with a lateral penis pore. The nominate subgenus includes species with a terminal penis pore.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Kermanizadeh, Parviz. "The role of mast cells during experimental schistosomiasis mansoni in mice." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363226.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Ratcliffe, Elizabeth Clare. "Cell-mediated immune responses induced by the irradiated vaccine against schistosomiasis." Thesis, University of York, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292505.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Hall, Stephanie Louise. "The use of proteomic techniques to identify antibody targets in schistosomiasis." Thesis, University of York, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.421371.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Ritter, Christin [Verfasser]. "Pathomechanismen der Schistosomiasis-induzierten pulmonalen Hypertonie im Hamster-Modell / Christin Ritter." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1065395035/34.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

FRIGERIO, SIMONA. "Schistosomiasis management from a Global Health perspective: an integrated approach model." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/203351.

Full text

Abstract:

Schistosomiasis or bilharzia, is a Neglect Tropical Disease (NDTs) It could be an acute or chronic disease caused by parasitic blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma. Schistosomiasis affects around 240 million people in 78 countries and more than 90% of infected people live in in Sub-Saharan Africa countries. Schistosomiasis is endemic in northern Senegal and predominantly affects poor, rural communities, especially populations who work in the agriculture or fishing industries. The factors possibly associated with transmission include socioeconomic status, level of education, use of untreated water, and hygienic conditions. Urogenital Schistosomiasis produces symptoms such as haematuria and dysuria. In most cases, haematuria disappears after adolescence, but previous lesions may evolve into hydronephrosis or bladder calcifications. Other sequelae, such as bladder cancer and an increased risk of HIV infection, are determined by epithelium inflammation of the urogenital organs, especially in women. In endemic countries such as those in the Sub-Saharan region, controlling and eradicating Schistosomiasis can’t be limited to the delivery of drugs; a healthcare system capable of integrating a sustainable control strategy and eradicating NTDs’ main causes is fundamental. The research project aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of an integrated approach to the control and surveillance of schistosomiasis, about health of the child population of a rural village in Senegal related to infection reduction and modification of risk behavior. The intermediate objective of this work is to investigate the prevalence of the disease in the specific context of the study and the factors related to it to identify coherent and sustainable interventions that take into account of environmental, cultural and religious assement

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Sayed, Ahmed A. Williams David Lee. "Biochemical characterization of 2-cys peroxiredoxin enzymes from Schistosoma mansoni and validation by RNAi as essential parasite proteins and potential drug target." Normal, Ill. : Illinois State University, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p3196654.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 2005.
Title from title page screen, viewed September 26, 2006. Dissertation Committee: David Williams (chair), Craig Gatto, Radheshyam Jayaswal, Wade Nichols, Laura Vogel, Brian Wilkinson. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 150-166) and abstract. Also available in print.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Delgado-Hernandez, Victor Salvador. "Comparative studies of immune expression in the mouse and guinea pig models of Schistosomiasis mansoni and of the inter-relationship between immunity and drug therapy." Thesis, Brunel University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.291039.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Ye, Xiao-Ping. "Anti-egg immunity of Schistomsoma japonicum in humans." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389042.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Elsaghier, Ashraf Ahmed Fouad. "Schistosoma mansoni : studies of parasite attrition in naive, immunised and drug-treated mice." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.238168.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Yi, X. "Immunological and biochemical studies on Schistosoma mansoni surface antigens." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378926.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Yole, Dorcas Syokui. "Immunological and parasitological studies on primates immunised with the irradiated schistosome vaccine." Thesis, University of York, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239523.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Coulson, Patricia Susan. "Lymphocyte traffic to the murine lung induced by the irradiated schistosome vaccine." Thesis, University of York, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297071.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Mastin, A. J. "The migration and attrition of attenuated, immunising and normal challenge Schistosoma mansoni in the mouse." Thesis, University of York, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375430.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Riengrojpitak, S. "Schistosoma mansoni : localisation of schistosome antigens using antibodies raised against adult worm tegument membranes." Thesis, University of York, 1987. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10942/.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Smith, Stuart W. G. "Schistosoma mansoni : comparative studies on normal and unisexual infections." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1986. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU004846.

Full text

Abstract:

A comparative study was made between normal and unisexual S. mansoni infections to investigate interrelations between male and female parasites. Unisexual infections were successfully maintained in the snail Biomphalaria glabrata and in MF1 mice for a period of one year. Male S. mansoni from unisexual infections were of comparable size to males from bisexual infections, but females in the absence of males failed to grow beyond 49 days post-infection in the mouse and remained sexually immature over a period of one year in isolation. While bisexual infections in the mouse demonstrated hypochromic, microcytic anaemia with haemorrhage and portal hypertension as a result of pathogenesis associated with deposition of eggs in the host liver, the anaemia found in unisexual male infections was mild and developed late in infection. Unisexual female infections appeared to be comparatively non-pathogenic. A study of the nutritional interrelationship between male and female S. mansoni by SDS PAGE electrophoresis of protein components, revealed no major differences between the sexes. A particular protein under investigation (molecular wt. 66kDa) previously thought to be male-specific, was detected in all stages of S. mansoni under study, indicating that no major transfer of nutrients from male to female S. mansoni is occurring. Evidence was presented for the role of chemical messengers in relation to worm pairing and female reproductive morphogenesis. Results from staggered unisexual infections indicated possible release of chemicals from male worms which stimulated partial growth and vitellogenesis in unpaired females in vivo. Ecdy-steroids were detected in tissue extracts of male and female S. mansoni from bisexual and unisexual infections and their possible involvement in schistosome development is discussed. Investigation into the antiparasitic effects of the immunosuppressant drug cyclosporin A (CsA) showed the drug to be highly antischistosomal both therapeutically and prophylactically. Evidence from in vitro skin penetration of CsA-treated mouse skin suggests that the skin represents a major site of parasite attrition. The potential of CsA and other cyclosporin analogues for use in the prevention and treatment of human schistosomiasis is discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Scharmann, Claas. "Immundiagnostik der Schistosomiasis mit der mikrosomalen Antigenfraktion der Adultwürmer von Schistosoma mansoni." Diss., lmu, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-138782.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Rutherford, Patricia. "Schistosomiasis : the dynamics of investigating a parasitic disease in ancient Egyptian tissue." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.488359.

Full text

Abstract:

Schistosomiasis is endemic in the world today, infecting more than 300 million people, mainly in the developing world areas. Diagnosis of the disease in modem man can be achieved by using a wide range of diagnostic tools, such as radiology, histology and the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay( ELISA). As a consequence of the schistosomiasis tissue bank being established at the Manchester Museum as described in Parasitology Today (Contis and David 1996), a need for diagnostic tools that can be applied to ancient tissues has occurred in order to study the epidemiology of this disease. This is not a modern disease as histological work done by Ruffer (1910) and Millet et al (1980) and using ELISA (Deelder et al, 1990) have shown the presence of schistosome eggs and worm antigens respectively in ancient Egyptian tissues.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Naus, Cynthia Wilhelmina Agatha. "Human immunity to schistosomiasis : epidemiological and other factors influencing specific antibody responses." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621533.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Lin, Ya-Ling. "CD4⁺/CD8⁺ T cells and macrophage-derived TNF-α in murine schistosomiasis." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627622.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Utzinger, Jürg. "Novel approaches in the control of schistosomiasis : from rapid identification to chemoprophylaxis /." Basel : Universität Basel, 1999. http://edoc.unibas.ch/diss/DissB_5365.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Schistosomiasis'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles