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Cimmino, Maria Chiara. "Ottimizzazione energetica degli edifici esistenti: lo sviluppo di schermature solari intelligenti e innovative in tecnologia tensegrity." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/3176.
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2015 - 2016Sustainable building is one area where innovation is constantly being challenged. Innovation means offering something new or changing what exists in order to achieve new results. At present the hardest goal is transforming the current situation where the construction sector has the highest fossil fuel consumption, is the largest producer of non-reusable waste and the biggest polluter. In fact, the environmental impact of building design and construction is enormous: in Europe buildings are responsible, directly or indirectly, for approximately 40% of total primary energy consumption and for around 36% of CO2 total emissions. Sustainability criteria can minimize or eliminate negative environmental impacts through a conscious choice of design and constructive practices better than those commonly in use. This design approach allows a reduction in operating costs, an increase in market value and users' productivity. ... [edited by Author]
XXIX ciclo
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Jain, Aditya. "Impact of Electrical Contacting Scheme on Performance of InGaN/GaN Schottky Solar Cells." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50527.
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Realization of low-resistance electrical contacts on both sides of a solar cell is essential for obtaining the best possible performance. A key component of a solar cell is a metal contact on the illuminated side of the cell which should efficiently collect carriers. These contacts can be formed using an opaque metal grid/finger pattern. The metal electrode may be used alone or in combination with a broad-area transparent conductive film. This work aims at investigating the impact of the electrical contacting scheme employed in InGaN/GaN Schottky barrier solar cells on their performance. InGaN is a III-V compound semiconductor and has a tunable direct band-gap (0.7 eV to 3.4 eV) which spans most of the solar spectrum; this fact, along with other beneficial material properties, motivates the study of InGaN photovoltaic devices. A number of groups have recently investigated InGaN-based homo-junction and hetero-junction p-i-n solar cells. However, very few groups have worked on InGaN Schottky solar cells. Compared to p-n junctions, Schottky barrier solar cells are cheaper to grow and fabricate; they are also expected to improve the spectral response because of near surface depletion regions in the shorter wavelength regions. In this particular work on InGaN based solar cells, a Schottky diode structure was used to avoid the issue of highly resistive p-type InGaN. In this study, platinum (Pt) is used to form a Schottky barrier with an InGaN/GaN absorber region. Electrical and optical properties of platinum films are investigated as a function of their thickness. InGaN/GaN Schottky solar cells with platinum as the transparent conductive film are reported and their performance is evaluated as a function of the metal thickness.Master of Science
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Schemme, Thomas [Verfasser], and Cornelia [Akademischer Betreuer] Denz. "Light control and solar power conversion by organic optoelectronic assemblies / Thomas Schemme ; Betreuer: Cornelia Denz." Münster : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Münster, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1201729556/34.
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Barry, Elise Kristen. "Detailing the policy interactions between the Queensland solar bonus scheme and the small-scale renewable energy scheme, including the solar credits multiplier, while detailing the social, economic and environmental effects of these schemes." Thesis, Barry, Elise Kristen (2011) Detailing the policy interactions between the Queensland solar bonus scheme and the small-scale renewable energy scheme, including the solar credits multiplier, while detailing the social, economic and environmental effects of these schemes. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2011. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/7609/.
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The emergence in the need to evaluate the effectiveness of policies as a whole mix rather than evaluate the effectiveness of policies in isolation is becoming more useful as the policy environment becomes more crowded. This need is heightened considering the growing challenges of issues related to the sustainability of our energy resources. It’s optimal if energy policies are not restricted to suit only economic objectives but social and environmental objectives as well, to suit emerging concept of sustainability, as energy underpins all the activity within our economy and society. The analysis of policy interactions is a relatively new approach in determining and evaluating appropriate policy mixes, rather than focusing on the effectiveness of a single policy. Sorrell (2003) has developed a systematic process for developing policy options by breaking them down into different categories for comparison. Oikonomou and Jepma (2008) have further built upon this framework in analysing policy interaction by establishing a qualitative framework as part of their methodology. The Queensland Solar Bonus Scheme (QSBS) and Small-Scale Renewable Energy Scheme (SRES) have similar objectives of increasing the implementation of small-scale renewable energy technologies. This dissertation investigates the policy interactions between the QSBS and SRES using the frameworks provided by Sorrell (2003) and Oikonomou and Jepma (2008). The results find the majority of the interactions between these policies are complementary and non-duplicative. This research recommends two policy options which support their beneficial interactions outlined in the discussion. The first policy option assumes a reduction in the tariff rate for the QSBS whilst increasing the PV system limit to 10 kW. The second policy option assumes the same system limit increase to 10 kW plus a reduction in the tariff rate for non-peak full-tariff payments during peak demand to customers who have invested in battery storage.
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Felinks, Jan [Verfasser], Bernhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Hoffschmidt, and Viktor [Akademischer Betreuer] Scherer. "Wärmerückgewinnung aus Partikeln mittels kugelförmiger Wärmeträgermedien in solaren thermochemischen Kreisprozessen / Jan Felinks ; Bernhard Hoffschmidt, Viktor Scherer." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1162900482/34.
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Mooring, Raymond Derrell. "On using empirical techniques to optimize the shortwave parameterization scheme of the community atmosphere model version two global climate model." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005, 2005. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04172005-231106/unrestricted/mooring%5Fraymond%5Fd%5F200505%5Fphd.PDF.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005.Dickinson, Robert, Committee Chair ; Jenkins, Gregory, Committee Member ; Vidakovic, Brani, Committee Member ; Fu, Rong, Committee Member ; Cunnold, Derek, Committee Member. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Kota, Ntsika. "Development of a computational chemistry scheme for testing the utility of synthetic bacteriochlorin in dye- sensitized solar cells." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/62327.
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A computational chemistry scheme, based on density functional theory, was developed for in silico testing of a few bacteriochlorin properties relevant to dye-sensitized solar cells. These properties included electronic excitation wavelengths, molecular orbital energy levels, and oscillator strengths among others. Comparisons were made among four species, using computational proxies for electron injection quantum yield and photo-induced current production. The proxy measures for current production (frontier orbital energy level and short circuit current) made consistent, though qualitative, predictions about the ranking of the four dyes. The proxy measures for electron injection quantum yield (change in planar dipole moment and density of states) made less categorical predictions about the ranking. Overall, the scheme singled out one dye as the worst, but made no conclusive predictions about the relative ranking of the other three. There was insufficient data for comparison of the ranking predictions with experiment.
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Gillies, Robert Robertson. "A physically based land-use classification scheme using remote solar and thermal infrared measurements suitable for describing urbanization." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.480879.
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Sarban, Singh Ranjit Singh. "A design scheme of energy management, control, optimisation system for hybrid solar-wind and battery energy storages system." Thesis, Brunel University, 2016. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/13788.
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Hybrid renewable energy system was introduced to improve the individual renewable energy power system’s productivity and operation-ability. This circumstance has led towards an extensive technological study and analysis on the hybrid renewable energy system. The extensive technological study is conducted using many different approaches, but in this research the linear programming, artificial intelligence and smart grid approaches are studied. This thesis proposed a complete hardware system development, implementation and construction of real-time DC Hybrid Renewable Energy System for solar-wind-battery energy source integrated with grid network support. The proposed real-time DC HRES hardware system adopts the hybrid renewable energy system concept which is composed of solar photovoltaic, wind energy system, battery energy storage system and grid network support. The real-time DC HRES hardware system research work is divided into three stages. Stage 1 involves modelling and simulation of the proposed system using MATLAB Simulink/Stateflow software. During this stage, system’s methodological design and development is emphasised. The obtained results are considered as fundamental finding to design, develop, integrate, implement and construct the real-time DC HRES hardware system. Stage II is designing and developing the electronic circuits for the real-time DC HRES hardware system using PROTEUS software. Real time simulation is performed on the electronic circuits to study and analyse the circuit’s behaviour. This stage also involves embedded software application development for the microcontroller PIC16F877A. Thus, continuous dynamic decision-making algorithm is developed and incorporated into microcontroller PIC16F877A. Next, electronic circuits and continuous dynamic decision-making algorithm are integrated with the microcontroller PIC16F877A as a real-time DC HRES hardware system to perform real time simulation. The real-time DC HRES hardware system simulation results are studied, analysed and compared with the results obtained in Stage 1. Any indifference between the obtained results in Stage 1 and Stage 2 are analysed and necessary changes are made. Stage 3 involves integrating, implementation and construction of real-time DC HRES. The continuous dynamic decision-making algorithm is also incorporated into the real microcontroller PCI16F877A development board. Real-time DC HRES’s experimental results have successfully demonstrated the system’s ability to perform supervision, coordination, management and control of all the available energy sources with lease dependency on the grid network. The obtained results demonstrated the energy management and optimisation of the available energy sources as primary power source deliver.
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Peters, Stefan Theodorus Maria [Verfasser], Carsten [Akademischer Betreuer] Münker, and Erik [Akademischer Betreuer] Scherer. "High-precision measurements of heavy p-process isotopes in early solar system materials / Stefan Theodorus Maria Peters. Gutachter: Carsten Münker ; Erik Scherer." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1064693415/34.
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Lundström, Lukas. "Weather data for building simulation : New actual weather files for North Europe combining observed weather and modeled solar radiation." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-16446.
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Dynamic building simulation is increasingly necessary for accurately quantifying potential energy savings measures in retrofit projects, to compliant with new stricter directives from EU implanted into member states legislations and building codes. For good result the simulation model need to be accurately calibrated. This requires actual weather data, representative for the climate surrounding the given building, in order to calibrate against actual energy bills of the same period of time. The main objective of this degree project is to combine observed weather (temperature, humidity, wind etc.) data with modeled solar radiation data, utilizing the SMHI STRÅNG model system; and transform these data into AMY (Actual Meteorological Year) files to be used with building simulation software. This procedure gives actual weather datasets that will cover most of the urban and semi urban area in Northern Europe while still keeping the accuracy of observed weather data. A tool called Real-Time Weather Converter was developed to handle data retrieval & merging, filling of missing data points and to create the final AMY-file. Modeled solar radiation data from STRÅNG had only been validated against a Swedish solar radiation network; validation was now made by the author with wider geographic coverage. Validation results show that STRÅNG model system performs well for Sweden but less so outside of Sweden. There exist some areas outside of Sweden (mainly Central Europe) with reasonable good result for some periods but the result is not as consistent in the long run as for Sweden. The missing data fill scheme developed for the Real-Time Weather Converter does perform better than interpolation for data gaps (outdoor temperature) of about 9 to 48 hours. For gaps between 2 and 5 days the fill scheme will still give slightly better result than linear interpolation. Akima Spline interpolation performs better than linear interpolation for data gaps (outdoor temperature) in the interval 2 to about 8 hours. Temperature uncertainty was studied using data from the period 1981-2010 for selected sites. The result expressed as SD (Standard Deviation) for the uncertainty in yearly mean temperature is about 1˚C for the Nordic countries. On a monthly basis the variation in mean temperature is much stronger (for Nordic countries it ranges from 3.5 to 4.7 ˚C for winter months), while summer months have less variation (with SD in the range of 1.3 to 1.9 ˚C). The same pattern is visible in sites at more southern latitudes but with much lower variation, and still lower for sites near coast areas. E.g. the cost-near Camborne, UK, has a SD of 0.7 to 1.7 ˚C on monthly basis and yearly SD of 0.5 ˚C. Mean direct irradiance SD for studied sites ranges from 5 to 19 W/m2 on yearly basis, while on monthly basis the SD ranges from 40 to 60 W/m2 for summer months. However, the sample base was small and of inconsistent time periods and the numbers can only be seen as indicative. The commonly used IWEC (International Weather for Energy Calculations) files direct radiation parameter was found to have a very strong negative bias of about 20 to 40 % for Northern Europe. These files should be used with care, especially if solar radiation has a significant impact of on the building being modeled. Note that there exist also a newer set of files called IWEC2 that can be purchased from ASHRAE, these files seems not to be systematically biased for North Europe but haven’t been studied in this paper. The STRÅNG model system does catch the trend, also outside of Sweden, and is thus a very useful source of solar radiation data for model calibration.
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Jeddi, Babak. "A coordinated energy management scheme in a residential neighborhood under given market framework." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/200710/1/Babak_Jeddi_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis proposes a computationally efficient home energy management system to optimize the electricity payment and improve the occupant's comfort degree by appropriately scheduling all devices of the home. It incorporates solar panels, battery systems, thermostatically controlled appliances, and deferrable appliances. Also, this thesis develops a coordinated framework for the operation of multiple home energy management systems in a residential neighborhood based on the optimal and secure operation of the grid. The coordinated load scheduling framework enables customers to cooperate to optimize energy consumption at the neighborhood level and prevents any limitation violation in the grid operational constraints.
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Paul, Timothy. "A consumer assessment of household attitudes, awareness, drivers and likelihood of installing solar water heaters under a monthly payment scheme in Cape Town, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5284.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.
This paper reviews how incentive mechanisms impact solar water heater (SWH) technology adoption under both monthly payment scheme (MPS) and non-monthly payment scheme (non-MPS) conditions. The key research problem is to try understand why consumers1 have not installed SWHs under non-MPS conditions and whether a MPS can generate better installation rates. SWHs generate clean energy by using the heat of the sun instead of electricity to heat household water. On average, SWHs displace 30 % of household electricity usage, decreasing both household electricity costs and national electricity supply. South Africa has favourable solar conditions and encouraging policy support in the form of long term targets and subsidy incentive schemes. However, it appears that these mechanisms are unable to rapidly incentivise South Africa’s mid to high income households to install SWH units. This paper reviews the MPS incentive mechanism, to examine if it can create a larger scale adoption of SWHs, with the key research question being: ‘How does the monthly payment scheme influence consumer behaviour and their likelihood of adopting solar water heater technologies in the City of Cape Town?’ An important corollary of the research is to gain an understanding of the nature and successes of MPSs in other SWH markets and industry environments. This paper uses case studies to examine successful MPSs in the US PV residential market and in Tunisia’s state-supported SWH program. In order to determine the likelihood of SWH adoption in Cape Town, existing consumer sentiment towards SWHs must be properly understood. Consumer attitudes, awareness and drivers to adopt SWHs will inform the likelihood of adoption, both under MPS and non-MPS conditions. Therefore, this paper investigates the three variables of attitudes, awareness and drivers and the ultimate likelihood of SWH adoption through a questionnaire targeted at respondents from mid to high income households in Cape Town.
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Kara, A. Birol O'Brien James J. "A fine resolution hybrid coordinate ocean model (HYCOM) for the Black Sea with a new solar radiation penetration scheme." 2003. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-09042003-151621/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2003.Advisor: Dr. James J. O'Brien, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Meteorology. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Oct. 3, 2003). Includes bibliographical references.
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Hung, Kuo-Hsuan, and 洪國軒. "Antireflective scheme for InGaP/InGaAs/Ge triple junction solar cells based on TiO2." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35471004657828040251.
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碩士國立交通大學
光電工程學系
100
We have successfully fabricated large-scale TiO2 biomimetic sub-wavelength structures (SWSs) by using polystyrene nanosphere lithography and applied to triple junction III-V solar cells. The structure is fabricated by reactive ion etching, which allows the control of sidewall profile by tuning the etching gas ratio. The SWS exhibit better broadband antireflective properties than a conventional single-layer antireflective coating (SL-ARC). Compared to the SL-ARC which shows extremely low reflection in a certain wavelength range, the SWSs show a broadband spectral response of anti-reflection characteristics. We further fabricated the SWS on an InGaP/InGaAs/Ge triple junction solar cell. The photoncurrent was enhanced by 28.3% and 1.7%, compared to the cells without an ARC and with a SL-ARC, respectively. In this thesis, we first optimized the SL-ARC for a triple-junction solar cell by changing the thickness of TiO2 from 40nm to 100nm, and calculated the current density with AM1.5g spectrum to find the highest one. Next we fabricated a cell with SWSs for antireflection and also measured the reflection at different angles of incidence (AOI). The cell with SWSs revealed excellent broadband and omni-directional antireflective properties. Consequently, both the photocurrent and power conversion efficiency were enhanced due to increased optical absorption. We further employed a rigorous couple wave analysis (RCWA) method for optical modeling and reflection engineering by changing the dimensions of SWSs to obtain a maximum output current density. It is also observed that an ideal close-packed SWS exhibits extremely low surface reflection, showing its great potential as an antireflective layer for concentrator photovoltaics.
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Garrison, Jared Brett. "An integrated energy storage scheme for a dispatchable wind and solar powered energy system." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2009-12-656.
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Wind and solar technologies have experienced rapid market growth recently as a result of the growing interest for implementation of renewable energy. However, the intermittency of wind and solar power is a major obstacle to their broader use. The additional risks of unexpected interruptions and mismatch with demand have hindered the expansion of these two primary renewable resources.
The goal of this research is to analyze an integrated energy system that includes a novel configuration of wind and solar coupled with two storage methods to make both wind and solar sources dispatchable during peak demand, thereby enabling their broader use. Named DSWiSS for Dispatchable Solar Wind Storage System, the proposed system utilizes compressed air energy storage (CAES) that is driven from wind energy and thermal storage supplied by concentrating solar thermal power in order to achieve this desired dispatchability. Although DSWiSS mimics the operation of a typical CAES facility, the replacement of energy derived from fossil fuels with energy generated from renewable resources makes this system unique. While current CAES facilities use off peak electricity to power their compressors, this system uses power from wind turbines. Also, rather than using natural gas for heating of the compressed air before its expansion through a turbine, DSWiSS uses solar thermal energy and thermal storage.
For this research, two models were created; the first is a dynamic model of a 1.5 MW variable speed wind turbine, programmed in PSCAD/EMTDC, that utilizes rotor resistive control to maintain rated power output. This model simulates the dynamic response of the wind turbine to changing wind conditions as well as the nominal performance parameters at all wind speeds. The second model is a steady state thermodynamic simulation of the turbomachinery power unit in the DSWiSS facility. By assuming conditions similar to those of a currently operating CAES facility in McIntosh, Alabama, the model calculates the performance parameters of DSWiSS and estimates the relative energy input requirements. By combining these models with a levelized lifetime cost analysis estimates of the power system performance and the cost of energy for the DSWiSS facility were estimated. The combination of these components yielded an efficiency greater than 46% for the main power block and a nearly equal utilization of both renewable resources. It was also estimated that the overall system is only slightly more expensive per unit of electricity generated than the current technologies employed today, namely coal, nuclear, and natural gas, but is comparable to a stand-alone solar thermal facility. However, this economic analysis, though accurate with regard to the technologies chosen, will not be complete until cost values can be placed on some of the externalities associated with power generation such as fuel cost volatility, national security, and emissions.text
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Shen, Jung-Tsen, and 沈中琛. "Solar Cell Modeling & Novel Maximum Power Point Tracking Scheme of Photovoltaic Power System." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50429110585167570991.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
電子工程學研究所
97
Abstract Consciousness of environmental protection and soaring oil price spur worldwide demand for photovoltaic power systems, ranging from million K watt power plants to handy devices like notebook PC, mobile phone…. In the past years, the yearly world market growth rate for photovoltaics was an average of more than 40%, which makes it one of the fastest growing industries at present. Business analysts predict the market volume to increase to �� 40 billion in 2010. To evaluate PV system under various conditions such as environmental temperature drift or irradiance level fluctuation, we need models to fit the electrical characteristics of solar cells, and these models will be taken into our designs of the maximum power point tracking system. For different solar cell types, the I-V curves have different model parameters due to the material, manufacturing process, dimension,.. ., therefore, the solar cell equivalent models should be derived from I-V data to match solar cells’ electrical characteristics as accurately as possible. Traditional PV system maximum power point tracking, MPPT, converters are u proposed with a digital controller (MCU or DSP ) in many works. However, for low power applications, such controllers in the MPPT system are costly and the power consumption overhead is also too high. Moreover, for long term point of view, a compact MPPT device may be integrated into the PV cells/module with the advanced process technologies. In this work, we present a compact and cost-effective solar power MPPT system. A couple of op amplifiers and some logics are employed to track the maximum output power of the solar string. We simulated the proposed MPPT scheme under various conditions, and the results show that it is reliable and can track maximum power point correctly.
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Wang, Kai active 2013. "Evaluation of a land surface solar radiation partitioning scheme using remote sensing and site level FPAR datasets." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/21838.
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Land surface covers only 30% of the global surface, but contributes largely to the intricacy of the climate system by exchanging water and energy with the overlying atmosphere. The partitioning of incident solar radiation among various components at the land surface, especially vegetation and underlying soil, determines the energy absorbed by vegetation, evapotranspiration, partitioning between surface sensible and latent heat fluxes, and the energy and water exchange between the land surface and the atmosphere. Because of its significance in climate model, land surface model solar radiation partitioning scheme should be evaluated in order to ensure its accuracy in reproducing these naturally complicated processes. However, few studies evaluated this part of climate model. This study examines a land surface solar radiation partitioning scheme, i.e., that of the Community Land Model version 4 (CLM4) with coupled carbon and nitrogen cycles.
Taking advantage of multiple remote sensing fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR) datasets, ground observations and a unique 28-year FPAR dataset derived from the Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) dataset, we evaluated the CLM4 FPAR’s seasonal cycle, diurnal cycle, long-term trends and spatial patterns. Our findings show the model roughly agrees with observations in the seasonal cycle , long-tern trend and spatial patterns but does not reproduce the diurnal cycle. Discrepancies also exist in seasonality magnitudes, peak value months and spatial heterogeneity. We identified the discrepancy in the diurnal cycle as due to the absence of dependence on sun angle in the model. Implementation of sun angle dependence in a one-dimensional (1-D) model is proposed. The need for better relating vegetation to climate in the model indicated by long-term trends is also noted. Evaluation of the CLM4 land surface solar radiation partitioning scheme using remote sensing and site level FPAR datasets provides targets for future development in its representation of this naturally complicated process.text
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Cheng, Chun-Wei, and 鄭濬煒. "A battery fast-charging scheme powered by a solar panel that owns the capability of temperature compensation." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29921456435090484490.
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碩士國立交通大學
電控工程研究所
99
This study presents the design of a battery fast-charging scheme powered by a solar panel that equips with the capability of temperature compensation. The overall research structure is composed of two sections. The first section addresses the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) from the solar cell. The objective is to track the variations of maximum power point of solar cell along with different supplies of insolation and temperature. Furthermore, in order to obtain the maximum efficiency provided for back-end circuit applications, the fuzzy controller is integrated into the system. The second section is the battery charging management system. According to the sensed current at the maximum power status from front-end solar cells, the controller can switch automatically between charging strategies including constant-current, constant-voltage and optimal pulse charging to develop the rapid charging approach. The proposed battery charging algorithm is equipped with temperature compensation to reduce the increasing battery temperature caused by fast charging. Finally, the pulse-charging method is applied for the trickle charge-discharge to achieve 100% state of charge. The overall system is completed by the photovoltaic (PV) module and circuit simulation including PSIM and Matlab. In additions, the implementation of the algorithms and controllers is realized by DSP (TMS320F2812).
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Tsung-YingHsieh and 謝宗穎. "An effective node-selection scheme for data gathering in specific region of solar-powered Wireless Sensor Networks." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70673259959551055821.
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碩士國立成功大學
資訊工程學系碩博士班
100
This thesis proposes a node selection scheduling on solar-powered Wireless Sensor Networks in order to increase energy and monitor coverage performance. The general problem of WSNs is power starvation, but most researches about WSNs issues focus on general environment, while deploying sensors on stream sides without effective energy control, the sensor would dead and lost sensed information causing by running out of energy. This thesis presents a node selection scheme to enhance the efficiency of power saving and coverage in solar-powered WNSs. Analysis the sensor deployment in the stream environment therefore sensors can be classified to different segments firstly, then select active nodes to build inter-stream connection, inter-segment connection and intra-segment connection. Based on these connections, the number of active nodes and transmitted packets would be minimized. This system would also apply best radius distance to sensors according to the stream wide. Simulation result shows that our scheme can significantly increase the throughput of power saving and monitoring area in Solar-Powered WSNs.
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Shumlich, Michael John. "Modeled changes to the earth’s climate under a simple geoengineering scheme and following geoengineering failure." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/4290.
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Geoengineering is the intentional alteration of the Earth’s climate system. The international Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) seeks to identify the potential benefits and side effects of geoengineering on the Earth's climate.
This thesis examines the first two experiments from the contribution of the Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis to GeoMIP. In the first experiment (G1), atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations are quadrupled and the solar constant is reduced to offset the increased greenhouse gas forcing. In the second experiment (G2), atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations are increased at the rate of 1% per year and the solar constant is incrementally reduced to offset the greenhouse gas forcing. In concert with these experiments, results from two other experiments were analyzed, one in which the atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations are quadrupled one in which they are increased at the rate of 1% per.
The results obtained are in broad agreement with earlier work, showing that solar radiation management geoengineering schemes can prevent an increase in mean global surface temperature as atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations increase. Though the mean global temperature remains constant while geoengineering is employed, there are regional and zonal differences from the control climate, with high latitude warming and cooling in the tropical and subtropical regions. In particular, the meridional temperature gradient is reduced compared to that of the control climate. The G2 experiment was very similar to the G1 experiment in terms of the spatial surface temperature changes, though the changes seen in the G2 experiment were less pronounced and the regions of statistical significance were smaller.
During the geoengineering period, seasonal changes and a statistically significant decrease in global precipitation, particularly over the ocean were apparent in the G1 run. As with temperature, the spatial pattern of precipitation changes during the geoengineering period for G2 are similar to the same period in G1, but reduced in magnitude. However, most of the spatial changes to precipitation in the G2 experiment during geoengineering deployment fail to be statistically significant.
Following geoengineering termination, the G1 experiment responds rapidly, with surface and ocean temperatures, NH and SH summer sea ice volume, AMOC transport volume and global precipitation following the same time evolution and reaching those same values found in the 4 × CO2 experiment’s first 10 years. Following geoengineering failure, the G2 run also experiences rapid climate change in all of the variables studied, but does not approach the first 10 years of the 1%CO2yr-1 experiment, because the forcings are quite different in the two runs.
Taken together, these results suggest that, while geoengineering to reduce incoming solar radiation could offset the global temperature increase due to increased atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations, there would be regional warming and cooling, as well as both global and regional impacts on the hydrological cycle. These results also suggest that, should geoengineering suddenly stop, the Earth’s climate would react immediately, with rapid changes in nearly all of the climate variables examined.Graduate
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Li, Hao, and 李皓. "The design of CMOS solar-cell powered current stimulation chips with divisional images and power supply scheme (DIPSS) for implanted subretinal prostheses." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/kpx4m3.
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碩士國立交通大學
電子工程學系 電子研究所
102
In this thesis, the design of CMOS current stimulation chips for subretinal prostheses is described. A new version of the on-chip photodiode called the multi-junction vertically parallel (MJVP) structure is proposed. It can generate a relatively large amount of current by utilizing the deeper PN junction and avoid the leakage path in vitro biological experiments. A photodiode testkey is designed, fabricated and verified in the TSMC 0.18μm CMOS standaard process. If incident light is IR, the output current of the two-layer Ndio which has lower height of metal is 2.1 times as large as the two-layer Ndio which has higher height of metal. Under illumination of red LED, the height of metal and photocurrent are related less. The unit two-layer The output current of two-layer Ndio is 4.36 times as large as the one-layer Ndio. The divisional images and power supply scheme (DIPSS) chips are designed, fabricated and verified in the TSMC 0.18μm CMOS standard process. The operation frequency of the high power capability eight-block DIPSS current stimulation chip is 81.25Hz and output stimulation current is 9.64µA by dual visible light source illumination. The positive and negative outputs current are asymmetrical problem of the DIPSS MPA chip is solved by the modified pixel circuits and operational principle. Because of its characteristic, the proposed DIPSS power management system can be considered as one of the highly integrated solutions for the subretinal prosthesis.
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Su, Chao-Kuei, and 蘇釗逵. "The design of 65-nm cmos 64-pixel sensing and biphasic stimulation chips with on-chip solar cells and divisional power supply scheme for implanted subretinal prostheses." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9tcq9r.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
電子工程學系 電子研究所
102
In this thesis, a solar-cell powered CMOS current stimulation chip and an implant system for subretinal prostheses are proposed and analyzed. The chip structure is based on the proposed Divisional Power Supply Scheme (DPSS) to improve the efficiency of output stimulation current. N+/P-well photodiode structure with floating P-substrate and NMOSET in P-well with floating deep n-well (DNW) are adopted to prevent photocurrent leakage and enable CMOS devices integration in twin-well CMOS technology with DNW structure. The experimental chips consists of three 8×8 photodiode array with 4 and 8 divisions and control signal generator circuits. The experimental chips has been designed and fabricated in TSMC 0.18um and 65nm CMOS standard process technology respectively. The final chip size is 2.8 mm×2.8 mm. The measured frequency of four eight phase control signals is 189 Hz with the clock frequency of 1.5 kHz under 80mW/cm2 of signal light intensity and 40mW/cm2 of background IR. The measured output biphasic stimulation current is 9.9