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Journal articles on the topic 'SCHEME- SUDAN'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 September 2023

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1

Hussein, Ahmed S. A., and Ahmed K. El Daw. "Evapotranspiration in Sudan Gezira Irrigation Scheme." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 115, no. 6 (December 1989): 1018–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(1989)115:6(1018).

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2

Elnour Angara, Tamador-Elkhansaa, and Adil Abdel Rahman Ali Ismail. "Socioeconomic Aspects of Brucellosis in Kuku Dairy Scheme, Khartoum State, Sudan." Indian Journal of Applied Research 4, no. 8 (October 1, 2011): 685–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/august2014/203.

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3

SHEPHERD, ANDREW. "Sudan: The Gezira scheme and agricultural transition." African Affairs 91, no. 363 (April 1992): 296–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a098508.

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4

Guvele, C. "Dynamics of irrigation water use in Sudan Gezira scheme." Water Policy 3, no. 5 (2001): 363–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1366-7017(01)00077-0.

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5

Al-Feel, Mohamed Ahmed, and Authayla Abdul Razig AL-Basheer. "Economic efficiency of wheat production in Gezira scheme, Sudan." Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2011.08.001.

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6

Guvele, C. A. "Gains from crop diversification in the Sudan Gezira scheme." Agricultural Systems 70, no. 1 (October 2001): 319–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0308-521x(01)00030-0.

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7

Amin, Mutamad, and Hwiada Abubaker. "CONTROL OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS IN THE GEZIRA IRRIGATION SCHEME, SUDAN." Journal of Biosocial Science 49, no. 1 (February 29, 2016): 83–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932016000079.

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SummaryThis paper analyses the changing patterns of infection with Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium in the Gezira Irrigation Scheme, Sudan. Taking a historical perspective, it shows the way in which factors such as ecology, biology, social and economic variables and politics have shaped patterns of infection, and how different kinds of strategies have been developed to control schistosomal infection over time. Wider political and economic issues at both national and international levels have shaped these strategies, influencing the prevalence and intensity of schistosomal infection at a local level. By highlighting the inter-play between the above-mentioned factors, the article reflects on the wisdom of prioritizing community-directed mass drug administration for the control of schistosomiasis in Gezira and elsewhere. The review demonstrates that not all efforts to control schistosomiasis are sustainable. A comprehensive control strategy involving political commitment, community participation and socioeconomic development is important for sustainable control of schistosomal infection.

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8

KARAR, R. O., B. F. MOHAMED, and R. H. MARRS. "Factors influencing the weed flora in the Gezira Scheme, Sudan." Weed Research 45, no. 2 (April 2005): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.2004.00441.x.

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9

Al Zayed, Islam Sabry, Nadir Ahmed Elagib, Lars Ribbe, and Jürgen Heinrich. "Spatio-temporal performance of large-scale Gezira Irrigation Scheme, Sudan." Agricultural Systems 133 (February 2015): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2014.10.009.

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10

Meyer-Lassen, J., A. A. Daffalla, and H. Madsen. "Evaluation of focal mollusciciding in the Rahad Irrigation Scheme, Sudan." Acta Tropica 58, no. 3-4 (December 1994): 229–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0001-706x(94)90017-5.

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11

Elias, E., A. Daffalla, J. M. Lassen, H. Madsen, and N. Ø. Christensen. "Schistosoma haematobium infection patterns in the Rahad Irrigation Scheme, Sudan." Acta Tropica 58, no. 2 (November 1994): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0001-706x(94)90051-5.

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12

Abdelkarim, Abbas. "Wage labourers in the fragmented labour market of the Gezira, Sudan." Africa 56, no. 1 (January 1986): 54–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1159733.

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Opening ParagraphThe Gezira scheme has been the focus of considerable attention in the literature of development in tropical Africa, especially during the colonial period. This was because the scheme represented one of the largest agricultural projects initiated by a colonial government. Views on the scheme have been divergent: Gaitskell (1959) describes it as a ‘story of development’ while Barnett (1977) calls it an ‘illusion of development'. The focus of the studies, which are extensive compared to other Sudanese studies, has largely concentrated on the relationship (or so-called partnership) between tenants and government, production requirements and output, as well as occasionally on various aspects of the tenants’ lives and activities. Wage labour, which is the main form of labour, has only been given scant consideration. Even so, the focus has been on its contribution to the total labour requisite and its supply and demand patterns. The social relations of wage labour, and especially relations between tenants and wage labourers as the essential core of production relations in the scheme, have been awarded very little attention. This is the main concern of this article. Compared with most labour-market studies, my intention is to go beyond a mere study of factors affecting supply and demand. In conditions of transition to capitalism and fragmented labour markets, the perception of the social and cultural aspects of labour is indispensable for an adequate understanding of the internal mechanisms of the labour market.

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13

Al Zayed, Islam Sabry, Nadir Ahmed Elagib, Lars Ribbe, and Jürgen Heinrich. "Satellite-based evapotranspiration over Gezira Irrigation Scheme, Sudan: A comparative study." Agricultural Water Management 177 (November 2016): 66–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2016.06.027.

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14

Hilali, A. H. M., H. Madsen, A. A. Daffalla, M. Wassila, and N. Ø. Christensen. "Infection and transmission pattern ofSchistosoma mansoniin the Managil irrigation scheme, Sudan." Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology 89, no. 3 (June 1995): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00034983.1995.11812953.

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15

Mahgoub, Babiker, Mutasim Elrasheed, and Hag Abdelaziz. "Analyzing the Technical Efficiency of Cotton Production in the Gezira Scheme, Sudan." Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology 21, no. 2 (January 10, 2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2017/33878.

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16

Ahmed, Adam Elhag. "Risk sources and attitude among the tenants of the Gezira Scheme – Sudan." Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences 10, no. 2 (June 2011): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2011.03.006.

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17

Ishag, Kheiry Hassan M. "Resources Management and Risk Efficiency of Crop Rotation Systems in Sudan Gezira Scheme." Sustainable Agriculture Research 4, no. 4 (August 27, 2015): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v4n4p38.

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Risk is an important factor in crop rotation systems and cropping system management studies. The study uses stochastic simulation techniques and Stochastic Efficiency with Respect to Function (SERF) to evaluate five crop rotations risk-efficiency and economic sustainability in Sudan Gezira Scheme. Price and yield risk for five crops were simulated to calculate whole-scheme net return. The analysis shows with the present irrigation system capacity 4 course rotation is the most preferred at lower (ARAC) and the 5 Course rotation (B) with 53% land use intensity achieve water distribution equity and is the most risk efficient crop rotation at upper (ARAC). It is downside risk oriented and resilience crop rotation. The area allocated in 5 Course rotations (B) for cotton crop is 17%, wheat 7%, sorghum 60%, groundnut 4% and fodder crops 12%. Fodder can be grown two times in summer and winter season without creating water shortage problems. However, this will increase net return and increase soil fertilities within the selected crop rotation. The result also shows that return pack to night storage irrigation system needs a risk premium of 36 Million (SDG). The techniques used in this study could be used with any distribution estimates for the uncertain variables to incorporate new crop varieties and research recommendation packages. They also could be modified to account for new information contribution during the decision process and account for dynamic effects and policy adjustment and modification.

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18

Киселева, Lyudmila Kiseleva, Цыбульский, and Aleksandr Tsybulskiy. "WAYS OF ICREASING YIELD AND QUALITY OF SUDAN GRASS AND SUNFLOWER FOR SILAGE AND HAYLAGE USAGE." Bulletin Samara State Agricultural Academy 1, no. 2 (May 5, 2016): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/19056.

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The objective of the investigation is to improve yield and quality of feed production. The experiment held in 4 replications and one factor scheme. The influence of pulses components for the increasing yield and quality was studied during the experiment. Yield harvesting was done in two times. For the first, yield was collected for haylage. For the second harvest was studied for silage. Mix of sudan grass with sunflower and soya, as well as mix of sudan grass, sunflower and vetch, showed best results in haylage part. The total yield of this mixes was higher than the crop itself. Mix of sudan grass with sunflower and vetch gave 25.5 tons per hectare in average of 4 years of research. At the same period of time, mix of sudan grass with sunflower and soya gave 23.1 tons per hectare. Sudan grass itself showed 19.7 t/ga in average. Very interesting tendency was found during the 4 years of research. While the climatic data was analyzed, we made a conclusion that mix of sudan grass with soya and sunflower is better is dry conditions. It gave yield from 31 t/ga. Mix of sudan grass with sunflower and vetch, gave higher yield in years with favorable conditions. Average yield collected was 24.1 t/ga of haylage.

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19

Akasha, Elnair Akasha Mohammed, Elnaeem Mohamed Abdelrahim, and Ahmed Hashim Ahmed. "First Record of A serious Wilt Disease Induced by Fusarium sacchari and Root Borer on Sugarcane in Kenana Scheme, Sudan." SSR Institute of International Journal of Life Sciences 8, no. 6 (November 2022): 3119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ssr-iijls.2022.8.6.4.

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20

Bashir, M. A., T. Hata, A. W. Abdelhadi, H. Tanakamaru, and A. Tada. "Satellite-based evapotranspiration and crop coefficient for irrigated sorghum in the Gezira scheme, Sudan." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 3, no. 3 (June 2, 2006): 793–817. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-3-793-2006.

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Abstract. The availability of the actual water use from agricultural crops is considered as the key factor for irrigation water management, water resources planning, and water allocation. Traditionally, evapotranspiration (ET) has been estimated in the Gezira scheme by multiplying the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) by crop coefficient (kc) which is derived from the phenomenological crop stages. Recently, advanced developed energy balance models assist to estimate ET through remotely sensed data. In this study Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) images were used to estimate spatial distribution of daily, monthly and seasonal ET for irrigated sorghum in the Gezira scheme, Sudan. The daily ET maps were also used to estimate kc over time and space. Results of remotely sensed based energy balance were compared with actual measurements conducted during 2004/05 season. The daily actual ET values estimated using the energy balance model during the satellite acquisition dates (28 July, 29 August, 16 October and 17 November) were 4.7, 5.5, 7.1 and 2.7 mm/day, while the average seasonal evapotranspiration for irrigated sorghum estimated to be around 596 mm. The remotely estimated kc values in the initial, crop development, mid-season and late-season stages were 0.62, 0.85, 1.15, and 0.48 respectively. On the other hand the widely used tradition kc values during the pervious mention stages are 0.55, 0.94, 1.21 and 0.65, respectively. This research shows that remotely sensed measurements can help objectively analyzed the irrigation water requirement for different field crops on daily and seasonal time step. Moreover, the remotely sensed real-time data availability provides the system managers with information that not previously available.

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21

Alhadari, Samah O. A., Awadallah Belal Dafaallah, and Mohamed S. Zaroug. "Composition and Distribution of Aquatic Weeds in some Minor Canals, Gezira Scheme, Sudan (2018)." International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Agricultural Research 4, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 283–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.29329/ijiaar.2020.274.2.

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22

Kafumba, Charles R. "Barnett, Tony and Abdelkarim, Abbas, "Sudan: The Gezira Scheme and Agricultural Transition" (Book Review)." Third World Planning Review 14, no. 1 (February 1992): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/twpr.14.1.588x04k624k47125.

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23

Abdelgalil, Eltigani Elnour Bashier, and Ali Mohamed Adeeb. "Impact of changing policies on agricultural productivity: a case of the Gezira scheme, Sudan." International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Management and Informatics 1, no. 1 (2015): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijsami.2015.069045.

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24

Bernal, Victoria. "Colonial Moral Economy and the Discipline of Development: The Gezira Scheme and "Modern" Sudan." Cultural Anthropology 12, no. 4 (November 1997): 447–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/can.1997.12.4.447.

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25

Ellatif, Mohamed, and Mutasim Elrasheed. "An Analysis of Agricultural Crops Outputs in New Halfa Agricultural Scheme, Sudan: A Policy Implications." Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology 22, no. 2 (January 24, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2018/38062.

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26

Khalifa, Abdelrahman. "Illness to wellness: a comparative study on insurance scheme approaches in Saudi Arabia and Sudan." International Journal of Food, Nutrition and Public Health 8, no. 1 (January 15, 2016): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.47556/j.ijfnph.8.1.2016.5.

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27

Khalifa, A. "The incidence of diapause in Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in the Gezira Scheme, Sudan." Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London. Series A, General Entomology 43, no. 10-12 (April 2, 2009): 178–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3032.1968.tb01022.x.

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28

Bicciato, Francesco, and Pierpaolo Faggi. "Gezira Scheme between state and market: some remarks on the privatization of irrigation in Sudan." GeoJournal 37, no. 1 (September 1995): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00814890.

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29

Osman, Ishraga S., Bart Schultz, Akode Osman, and F. X. Suryadi. "Effects of different operation scenarios on sedimentation in irrigation canals of the Gezira Scheme, Sudan." Irrigation and Drainage 66, no. 1 (December 27, 2016): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ird.2023.

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30

Hamid, Salih Hamad, Ali Adeeb Mohamed, and Yasir A. Mohamed. "Towards a performance-oriented management for large- scale irrigation systems: case study, Rahad scheme, Sudan." Irrigation and Drainage 60, no. 1 (January 23, 2011): 20–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ird.546.

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31

MOUKAHEL, Abdulrahman, Safaa G. KUMARI, Abdelmagid Adlan HAMED, Murray SHARMAN, and Seid AHMED. "Distribution and identification of luteovirids affecting chickpea in Sudan." Phytopathologia Mediterranea 60, no. 2 (September 13, 2021): 199–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/phyto-12135.

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In Sudan yellowing viruses are key production constraints in pulse crops. Field surveys were carried out to identify luteovirids affecting chickpea crops in the major production regions (Gezira Scheme and River Nile State). A total of 415 chickpea plant samples with yellowing and stunting symptoms were collected during the 2013, 2015 and 2018 growing seasons. Serological results (Tissue-blot immunoassays) showed that Luteoviridae and Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus (CpCDV, genus Mastrevirus, family Geminiviridae) were the most common viruses, with rare infections with Faba bean necrotic yellows virus (FBNYV, genus Nanovirus, family Nanoviridae). Some samples reacted only with a broad-spectrum luteovirid monoclonal antibody (5G4-MAb), and others showed cross reactions between the specific monoclonal antibodies, suggesting the occurrence of new luteovirid variants. Serological results were confirmed by amplification with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and sequencing of the partial coat protein gene. Molecular analyses provided a basic, sufficient and reliable characterization for four viruses affecting chickpea that belong to Polerovirus (family Luteoviridae). These were Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV), Pepper vein yellows virus (PeVYV), Pepo aphid-borne yellows virus (PABYV) and Cotton leafroll dwarf virus (CLRDV), that shared high similarity with the type sequences. Phylogenetic analyses also revealed high similarity to luteovirid species. This study has established reliable, rapid and sensitive molecular tools for the detection of luteovirid species.

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32

Elshaikh, Ahmed, Shi-hong Yang, Xiyun Jiao, and Mohammed Elbashier. "Impacts of Legal and Institutional Changes on Irrigation Management Performance: A Case of the Gezira Irrigation Scheme, Sudan." Water 10, no. 11 (November 5, 2018): 1579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10111579.

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This study aims to offer a comprehensive assessment of the impacts of policies and institutional arrangements on irrigation management performance. The case study, the Gezira Scheme, has witnessed a significant decrease in water management performance during recent decades. This situation led to several institutional changes in order to put the system on the right path. The main organizations involved in water management at the scheme are the Ministry of Irrigation & Water Resources (MOIWR), the Sudan Gezira Board (SGB), and the Water Users Associations (WUAs). Different combinations from these organizations were founded to manage the irrigation system. The evaluation of these organizations is based on the data of water supply and cultivated areas from 1970 to 2015. The measured data were compared with two methods: the empirical water order method (Indent) that considers the design criteria of the scheme, and the Crop Water Requirement (CWR) method. Results show that the MOIWR period was the most efficient era, with an average water surplus of 12% compared with the Indent value, while the most critical period (SGB & WUAs) occurred when the water supply increased by 80%. The other periods of the Irrigation Water Corporation (IWC), (SGB & MOIWR), and (WUAs & MOIWR) had witnessed an increase in water supply by 29%, 63%, and 67% respectively. Through these institutional changes, the percentage of excessive water supply jumped from 12% to 80%. Finally, the study provides general recommendations associated with institutional arrangements and policy adoption to improve irrigation system performance.

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33

Abdel, Daffa Alla M., and Wahab Ali M. Adeeb. "Comparison between Hydro-Flume and Open Field Head Ditch Irrigation Systems at Kenana Sugar Scheme, Sudan." Agricultural Sciences 05, no. 07 (2014): 588–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/as.2014.57062.

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34

O'Brien, Jay, Gunnar M. So̵rbo̵, and Gunnar M. Sorbo. "Tenants and Nomads in Eastern Sudan: A Study of Economic Adaptations in the New Halfa Scheme." Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines 21, no. 2 (1987): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/484400.

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35

Babikir, Osman Mohammed, Idris Babiker, and Siegfried Bauer. "A test of agricultural labour market efficiency in the Gezira scheme, Sudan: a production function approach." World Review of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development 4, no. 4 (2007): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/wrstsd.2007.015370.

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36

Cheeseboro, Anthony. "The Influence of the Gezira Scheme on Later Development Plans in the Sudan: The Breadbasket Strategy." Northeast African Studies 2, no. 1 (1995): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/nas.1995.0017.

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37

Ibrahim, Yosif A. "Complex adaptive system approach for improved irrigation management: The case of the Gezira scheme in Sudan*." Irrigation and Drainage 69, no. 5 (August 28, 2020): 1072–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ird.2516.

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38

Bashir, M. A., T. Hata, H. Tanakamaru, A. W. Abdelhadi, and A. Tada. "Satellite-based energy balance model to estimate seasonal evapotranspiration for irrigated sorghum: a case study from the Gezira scheme, Sudan." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 12, no. 4 (August 26, 2008): 1129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-12-1129-2008.

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Abstract. The availability of the actual water use from agricultural crops is considered as the key factor for irrigation water management, water resources planning, and water allocation. Traditionally, evapotranspiration (ET) has been calculated in the Gezira scheme as the point of reference with evapotranspiration (ETo) and crop coefficients (kc) being derived from actual measurements of soil-water balance. Recently developed, advanced energy balance models assisted in estimating the ET through the remotely sensed data. In this study Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) and MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images were used to estimate the spatial distribution of the daily, monthly and seasonal ET for irrigated sorghum in the Gezira scheme, Sudan. The daily ET maps were also used to estimate kc over time and space. Results of the energy balance, based on being remotely sensed, were compared to actual measurements conducted during 2004/05 season. The seasonal actual ET values, obtained from the seven MODIS images for irrigated sorghum, were estimated at 579 mm. The values for remotely sensed kc, derived during the initial mid-season and late-season crop development stages, were 0.62, 0.85, 1.15, and 0.48, respectively. On the other hand, the values for the experimental kc during the pervious mention stages were 0.55, 0.94, 1.21 and 0.65, respectively. The estimated seasonal ET of the sorghum, derived by remotely sensed kc, was 674 mm. The Landsat data and the Free MODIS provided reliable, exhaustive, and consistent information on the water use, relevant for decision support in the Gezira scheme.

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39

El-Tom, Abdullahi O., and El-Dayem Osman Nur. "The informal channels of indigenous tenants in coping with the inefficient bureaucracy of the Gezira Scheme, Sudan." GeoJournal 36, no. 1 (May 1995): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00812531.

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40

Ibrahim, Ahmed, Stigter C., Hussein Adam, and Ali Adeeb. "Water-use efficiency of sorghum and groundnut under traditional and current irrigation in the Gezira scheme, Sudan." Irrigation Science 21, no. 3 (June 1, 2002): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00271-002-0057-z.

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41

Laptina, Y. A., O. G. Gichenkova, and N. A. Kulikova. "Sudan grass cultivation parameters optimization in the nizhneje povolzje dry-steppe zone." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1069, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 012037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1069/1/012037.

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Abstract The article reflects the results of five-year researches in the conditions of light chestnut soils of the Volgograd region to study the ways to increase photosynthetic indicators and yield of Sudan grass of the Allegory variety green mass through the use of mineral fertilizers and pre-sowing seed treatment. The experiment scheme included the following options: 1. Control variant without fertilizers; 2. N120P120K90 +N30; 3.Raykat Start; 4. N120P120K90 +N30+Raikat Start + N30. The seeding rate was 3.0 million of viable seeds per hectare. For all the mineral fertilizers application variants, the dynamics of the increase in the leaf surface area and photosynthetic material was noted. The study of the different nutrition levels influence on the Sudan grass green mass productivity showed the advantage of the option with the combined use of the Raikat Start growth stimulator and mineral fertilizers, this allows to get the increase in comparison with the control variant in the amount of 26 t/ha for three mowings. The application of mineral fertilizers provided the increase of 17.5 t/ha. According to the variant with using only Raikat Start, the increase was 7.4 t/ha.

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42

Bashir, B. A. "Remote Sensing Derived Crop Coefficient for Estimating Crop Water Requirements for Irrigated Sorghum in the Gezira Scheme, Sudan." Journal of Environmental Informatics 10, no. 1 (September 2007): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3808/jei.200700099.

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43

Xie, Wenjiao, and Huisheng Zhang. "Patterned Reed–Muller Sequences with Outer A-Channel Codes and Projective Decoding for Slot-Controlled Unsourced Random Access." Sensors 23, no. 11 (May 31, 2023): 5239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23115239.

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We propose a novel slot-pattern-control based coded compressed sensing for unsourced random access with an outer A-channel code capable of correcting t errors. Specifically, an RM extension code called patterned Reed–Muller (PRM) code is proposed. We demonstrate the high spectral efficiency due to its enormous sequence space and prove the geometry property in the complex domain that enhances the reliability and efficiency of detection. Accordingly, a projective decoder based on its geometry theorem is also proposed. Next, the “patterned” property of the PRM code, which partitions the binary vector space into several subspaces, is further extended as the primary principle for designing a slot control criterion that reduces the number of simultaneous transmissions in each slot. The factors affecting the chance of sequence collisions are identified. Finally, the proposed scheme is implemented in two practical outer A-channel codes: (i) the t-tree code and (ii) the Reed–Solomon code with Guruswami–Sudan list decoding, and the optimal setups are determined to minimize SNR by optimizing the inner and outer codes jointly. In comparison with the existing counterpart, our simulation results confirm that the proposed scheme compares favorably with benchmark schemes regarding the energy-per-bit requirement to meet a target error probability as well as the number of accommodated active users in the system.

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44

Soforon, Oduho George Ben, Svein Arne Sikko, and Solomon Abedom Tesfamicael. "The Understanding of Effective Professional Development of Mathematics Teachers According to South Sudan School Context." Education Sciences 13, no. 5 (May 16, 2023): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci13050501.

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This paper aims to provide an understanding of effective professional development (PD) for mathematics teachers according to the context of South Sudan schools. Hunsicker’s (2011) checklist of effective PD was taken as a framework. The framework has five characteristics—supportive, job-embedded, instructional focused, collaborative, and ongoing—and these five characteristics have been used for shaping the study. Interviews were designed and administered to educational officials, principals of two schools, and six sampled mathematics teachers, patterning their understanding about effective PD of mathematics teachers in the South Sudan school context. The analysis showed that the types of PD that exist in the South Sudan school context include the preparation of a lesson plan and the scheme of work for novice teachers, a weekly professional participation of teachers within their working hours, and informal dialog and guidance among peers. In addition, some unqualified teachers are sent to teacher training institutions during holiday times, which can be regarded as a kind of in-service and continuous PD. Our findings are that most of the participants do not have a clear view of what effective PD means. The participants mentioned aspects that can be seen as parts of effective PD according to the literature, but none of them had a holistic or explicit understanding. There is a need to engage those stakeholders to work deeply on aspects of effective PD if a meaningful improvement in student learning is to happen in classrooms.

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Bashir, M. "Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Evapotranspiration Using Satellite Remote Sensing Data: A Case Study in the Gezira Scheme, Sudan." Journal of Environmental Informatics 13, no. 2 (June 2009): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3808/jei.200900143.

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Elhag Elhussien, Mutasim. "Removal of Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride from Aqueous Solution by Pomegranate Peel Grown in Alziedab Agricultural Scheme - River Nile State, Sudan." Advances in Biochemistry 5, no. 5 (2017): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ab.20170505.12.

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Babikir, Osman Mohammed, and Babiker Idris Babiker. "The Determinants of Labour Supply and Demand in Irrigated Agriculture: A Case Study of the Gezira Scheme in Sudan." African Development Review 19, no. 2 (September 2007): 335–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8268.2007.00164.x.

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Mohammed, A. E., C. J. Stigter, and H. S. Adam. "Wind Regimes Windward of a Shelterbelt Protecting Gravity Irrigated Crop Land from Moving Sand in the Gezira Scheme (Sudan)." Theoretical and Applied Climatology 62, no. 3-4 (April 29, 1999): 221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007040050086.

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Ali, Sayda A. M. "Family Poultry as a Tool in Alleviating Environmental Hazards in Settled Areas of Transhumant Families in Gezira Scheme Sudan." Asian Journal of Rural Development 2, no. 1 (December 15, 2011): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajrd.2012.1.12.

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Elkamali, M., and M. M. Yagoub. "TRANSFORMATION OF A VILLAGE: CASE OF WAD AL ABBAS, SENNAR STATE, SUDAN." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B3-2020 (August 22, 2020): 1527–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b3-2020-1527-2020.

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Abstract. Understanding socioeconomic changes associated with the conversion of rural areas to urban and the factors behind them are essential for future prospects. Theoretical debates on the topic have flourished. However, empirical case studies, particularly from developing nations, are limited. This study attempts to fill the gap through a case study of a village in Sudan. The development of Wad al Abbas village is investigated using remote sensing techniques employing free Landsat satellite images. The study used the Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA) approach to detect the village sprawl between 1987 and 2018. Results showed significant built-up growth (84.5% increase) between 1987 and 1998 and this is linked to the natural increase in population, diversification of income as a result of a change in jobs from farming to trade, migration of a large number of its residents in and outside the country, and attraction of administrative and governmental institutions. Although Wad al Abbas starts to have a town feature in terms of population size and other metrics, still there are many challenges facing this transformation. These include water, education, health, sewage system, solid waste, drainage system, landslide, water channel for the agricultural scheme (canal), the meandering of the Blue Nile, and inner road network. High-resolution satellite images could be used to help in the investigation of these challenges. Recommendations are made on how to deal with these challenges. The lesson learned from this study is the value of the use of the space (free satellite images) to document changes that couldn’t be monitored especially in developing countries where historical maps or aerial photographs are not available.

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