Journal articles on the topic 'Schema'
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CHIEN, BEEN-CHIAN, and SHIANG-YI HE. "A LEXICAL DECISION TREE SCHEME FOR SUPPORTING SCHEMA MATCHING." International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 10, no. 03 (May 2011): 519–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219622011004439.
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To manipulate semantic web and integrate different data sources efficiently, automatic schema matching plays a key role. A generic schema matching method generally includes two phases: the linguistic similarity matching phase and the structural similarity matching phase. Since linguistic matching is an essential step for effective schema matching, developing a high accurate linguistic similarity matching scheme is required. In this paper, a schema matching approach called Similarity Yield Matcher (SYM) is proposed. In SYM, a lexical decision tree is presented to determine the linguistic similarity matching of the first phase. A structural matching algorithm is then proposed to find the structure similarity between two tree schemas. The proposed schema matching approach was evaluated by testing on several benchmarks of real schemas and comparing with other methods. The experimental results show that the proposed lexical decision tree substantially improves the linguistic similarity matching effectively and efficiently. The proposed SYM algorithm also performs high effectiveness on 1–1 schema matching.
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Chen, Kuang, Akshay Kannan, Jayant Madhavan, and Alon Halevy. "Exploring schema repositories with schemr." ACM SIGMOD Record 40, no. 1 (July 18, 2011): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2007206.2007210.
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Reznikova, E. V. "Image Schema as a Type of Concept (Using the Example of the Concept “Circle” in the Russian Linguistic Worldview)." Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Gumanitarnye Nauki 164, no. 5 (2022): 110–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/2541-7738.2022.5.110-119.
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This article discusses the traditional image schema theory, which is J. Lakoff and M. Johnson’s conceptual. Although it was introduced several decades ago, certain clarifications and refinements must be made to its framework and key terms in response to the latest advance in cognitive science. In particular, questions have been raised about certain properties of an image schema, such as bringing together different types of perception, relying primarily on human motor experience, abstractness, and being able to morph into other image schemas. For a better understanding of these properties, the concept “circle” in the Russian linguistic worldview was analyzed, and the following properties of the image schema were singled out by the methods of analysis (component, definitional, contextual, logical-linguistic, and etymological), modeling, and cognitive interpretation: spatiality (the presence of a spatial image), visualization, generalization of the experience to a logical scheme, high ability to form meaning due to the cognitive and semantic types of variation, and combinatorial activity (the ability to combine with various image schemas as parts of a larger image or to become the center of association for other image schemas in a different situation). Of special interest are the means of representation characteristic of an image schema: unlike in concepts of other types, its verbalization is performed with the help of not only lexical and phraseological means but also word-building morphemes with spatial semantics (prefixes). A macro-image schema can consist of many micro-image schemas bounded together under the principle of “family resemblance”, wherein any image schema can be central, i.e., play the role of a unifying one. The results obtained here on the refinement of the traditional image schema theory should promote further development of linguocognitive research.
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LU, JIANGUO, JU WANG, and SHENGRUI WANG. "XML SCHEMA MATCHING." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 17, no. 05 (October 2007): 575–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194007003446.
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XML Schema matching problem can be formulated as follows: given two XML Schemas, find the best mapping between the elements and attributes of the schemas, and the overall similarity between them. XML Schema matching is an important problem in data integration, schema evolution, and software reuse. This paper describes a matching system that can find accurate matches and scales to large XML Schemas with hundreds of nodes. In our system, XML Schemas are modeled as labeled and unordered trees, and the schema matching problem is turned into a tree matching problem. We proposed Approximate Common Structures in trees, and developed a tree matching algorithm based on this concept. Compared with the traditional tree edit-distance algorithm and other schema matching systems, our algorithm is faster and more suitable for large XML Schema matching.
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Krnetić, Igor, and Lana Vujaković. "PSIHOLOŠKA NEFLEKSIBILNOST KAO MEDIJATOR ODNOSA IZMEĐU RANIH MALADAPTIVNIH SHEMA I MANIFESTACIJA DEPRESIVNOSTI, ANKSIOZNOSTI I STRESA." ГОДИШЊАК ЗА ПСИХОЛОГИЈУ 18, no. 1 (December 13, 2021): 9–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.46630/gpsi.18.2021.01.
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Although the link between Early Maladaptive Schemas and many psychopathological manifestations has been confirmed, there is still not enough research examining the mechanism by which this link is realized. The aim of this study was to examine whether psychological inflexibility could be a mediator of the relationship between early maladaptive schemas grouped in schema domains and problems in current functioning, manifested through depression, anxiety and stress symptoms. Among the instruments used were the Young’s Schema Questionnaire, the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales. The sample included 320 subjects (Nfemales = 215; M = 33.5; SD = 9.6). The results indicate significant connections of psychological inflexibility with all scheme domains and all criterion variables, with this connection being the strongest in relation to depression (r = .74, p < .01) and autonomy impairment domain (r = .74, p < .01). Schema domains are important predictors of criterion variables, provided that the highest percentage of explained variance is in relation to depression. Psychological inflexibility has been shown to be a partial mediator of all relations between all schema domains and manifestations of depression, anxiety and stress. Although schema domains still have a significant direct effect on psychopathological manifestations, in the case of impaired limits when it comes to anxiety (b = .045; p<.05, 95% BCa CI [.03, .05]) and depression (b = .06, p<.05, 95% BCa CI [.04, .07]) the difference between the indirect and direct effect is most evident, while in the case of stress the greatest difference between the effects is in relation to the domain of autonomy impairment (b = .07, p < .05, 95% BCa CI [.05, .08]). The implications for the integration of schema therapy and third wave cognitive-behavioral therapy are discussed. Keywords: early maladaptive schemas, schema domains, psychological flexibility, depression, stress, anxiety
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Whitney, Shiloh. "From the Body Schema to the Historical-Racial Schema." Chiasmi International 21 (2019): 305–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/chiasmi20192129.
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What resources does Merleau-Ponty’s account of the body schema offer to the Fanonian one? First I show that Merleau-Ponty’s theory of the body schema is already a theory of affect: one that does not oppose affects to intentionality, positioning them not only as sense but as force, cultivating affective agencies rather than constituting static sense content. Then I argue that by foregrounding the role of affect in both thinkers, we can understand the way in which the historical-racial schema innovates, anticipating and influencing feminist theories of the affective turn – especially Sara Ahmed’s theory of affective economies. The historical-racial schema posits the constitution of affective agencies on a sociogenic scale, and these affective economies in turn account for the possibility of the collapse of the body schema into a racial epidermal schema, a disjunction of affective intentionality Fanon calls “affective tetanization.” Quelles ressources l’analyse du schéma corporel faite par Merleau-Ponty fournit-elle au schéma historico-racial proposé par Fanon ? En premier lieu, je vise à montrer que la théorie du schéma corporel de Merleau-Ponty est déjà une théorie de l’affect : une théorie qui n’oppose pas les affects à l’intentionnalité, qui ne les considère pas seulement comme un sens, mais comme une force, en cultivant des agentivités affectives plutôt qu’en constituant des contenus de sens statiques. Ensuite, j’affirmerai qu’en mettant en premier plan le rôle de l’affect chez ces deux penseurs, nous pouvons comprendre les innovations qu’apporte le schéma historico-racial, en anticipant et en influençant les théories féministes du tournant affectif – surtout la théorie de Sara Ahmed au sujet des économies affectives. Le schéma historico-racial établit la constitution d’agentivités affectives sur une échelle sociogénique, et ces économies affectives expliquent à leur tour la possibilité d’une dégradation du schéma corporel en schéma épidermique racial, une disjonction de l’intentionnalité affective que Fanon appelle « tétanisation affective ».Quali risorse può offrire la nozione merleau-pontiana di schema corporeo a quella di Fanon? In primo luogo, mi propongo di mostrare che la teoria dello schema corporeo elaborata da Merleau-Ponty è allo stesso tempo una teoria dell’affetto: una teoria che non oppone la dimensione degli affetti all’intenzionalità, poiché li considera non solo come senso ma come forze, in quanto implicano delle agentività affettive piuttosto che costituire meri contenuti statici di senso. Intendo quindi sostenere che mettendo in evidenza il ruolo dell’affetto in questi due autori sia possibile comprendere il portato innovativo dello schema storico-razziale, che anticipa e influenza le teorie femministe legate all’affective turn – e in particolare la teoria delle economie affettive elaborata da Sara Ahmed. Lo schema storico-razziale afferma la costituzione di agentività affettive a un livello sociogenetico, mentre le economie affettive rendono conto della possibilità del collasso dello schema corporeo in uno schema razziale epidermico, una disgiunzione dell’intenzionalità affettiva che Fanon definisce “tetanizzazione affettiva”.
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Pace, Terry M. "Schema Theory: A Framework for Research and Practice in Psychotherapy." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 2, no. 3 (January 1988): 147–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.2.3.147.
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Both the nature of human problems and the process of behavioral change are increasingly being viewed from a cognitive-structural perspective. The concept of a cognitive schema seems to be the major theoretical construct used by researchers studying how cognitive structures influence human behavior. Schemas are fundamental cognitive structures, derived from past experience. Schemas operate by selectively organizing the on-going experience of each person into subjectively meaningful patterns. Through the operation of schemas, people are active constructors of their own psychological realities. This article presents an overview of the philosophical, historical, and theoretical foundations of schema theory. The relevance of schema theory for psychotherapy is presented through a discussion of schema oriented cognitive-behavioral theorists. A specific application of a schema framework in psychotherapy is illustrated by research on depressive self-schemas. It is hoped this article will serve as a stimulus to the continued application of schema oriented cognitive-structural approaches to research and practice in psychotherapy.
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Masood, Nayyer, Amna Bibi, and Muhammad Arshad Islam. "Schema Integration of Web Tables (SIWeT)." Sukkur IBA Journal of Computing and Mathematical Sciences 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2017): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.30537/sjcms.v1i2.38.
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Schema integration has been mainly applied in database environment whether schemas to be integrated belonged to a single organization or multiple ones. Schema extraction is a relatively new area where schema is extracted from a web table. The extracted schema is not as much concretely defined as in a typical database environment. The work in this paper brings two areas together where extracted schemas from multiple web tables are integrated to form a global schema. The data are also extracted from web tables and placed into global table. This creates a large repository of data of the same domain extracted dynamically from websites which is then available for different types of ad-hoc queries. This work also imposes challenges on schema integration to be studied in the context of schema extraction and other way round.
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Yang, Wei. "Study on Applying Schema of Chu`s Design Art in Wuhan's Modern Landscape Design." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 3604–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.3604.
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Chu`s societal factors，historical factors，cultural factors and geographic factors help to bring about emergence Chu` s design art that is magical and gorgeous. Chu` s design have special Art Figuring schemas .Designer apply the Shape schema of Chu`s design art to Wuhan's Modern landscape Design to makes the modern landscape to show the traditional and rich local characteristics. This applying include applying luxuriant schema, applying deformed schema, applying Qiwu schema , applying moving schema, applying derivative schema and applying linearity schema .
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Ndefo, Nonyelum, and Enrico Franconi. "A Study on Information-Preserving Schema Transformations." International Journal of Semantic Computing 14, no. 01 (March 2020): 27–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793351x20400024.
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The problem of determining the relative information capacity between two knowledge bases or schemas, of the same or different models, is inherent when implementing schema transformations. When restructuring one schema into another, one expects that the schema transformation supports the complete and correct mapping of all the information contents from the source schema to the target schema. Such a characteristic is commonly referred to as information capacity preservation or schema dominance. This paper presents a formal and constructive approach to measure the relative information capacity, in the restricted case of first-order schemas related by first-order mappings. It complements the existing definitions of information capacity preservation from the perspective of model theory, showing the exact relationships among the constraints of the involved schemas, the mappings between the components of these schemas, and the database states which the schemas admit. Since satisfying some sort of schema equivalence property is essential in areas such as database conceptual design and database reverse engineering, our approach allows us to characterize the notion of normalization in database design. We review the current literature concerning database normal forms and decompositions. We also review the process of reverse engineering a database schema. In addition, we provide deeper insight into database reverse engineering methodologies, suggesting horizontal decompositions as a useful tool for facilitating the discovery of more specific objects and relationships in the conceptualization phase of the process. With the aid of simple examples, we show the essence behind our reasoning. We discuss the need for an unambiguous means through which objects in the output schema can be identified. Ultimately, the knowledge this paper ensues will be beneficial to database engineers in performing a correct schema transformation.
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Malik, Shajiah, Naila Batool, and Muhammad Naveed Riaz. "Mediating Role of Maladaptive Schemas and Schema Modes between Childhood Maltreatment and Pathological Traits in Adults." Journal of Peace, Development & Communication me 05, issue 2 (June 30, 2021): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.36968/jpdc-v05-i02-23.
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It was aimed at that maladaptive schemas and schema modes serially mediate between childhood maltreatment and pathological traits. Sample of the present study consisted on university students (N=300).Purposive sampling technique was used to collect the information. Serial Mediation Analysis was conducted using PROCESS 3.0.Four scales were used for data collection The findings indicated that maladaptive schemas and positive schema modes mediated between childhood maltreatment and pathological traits. Maladaptive schemas and negative schema modes mediated between childhood maltreatment and pathological traits.The study supported the schema theory which revealed that early childhood neglect and abuse forms early maladaptive schemas which change into schema modes during the course of development and finally manifested in the form of personality pathologies during adulthood.The study has both theoretical as well as applied significance. The study has supported the theory of Young.
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Xu, Xiaotong, Judith Fan, and Steven Dow. "Schema and Metadata Guide the Collective Generation of Relevant and Diverse Work." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Human Computation and Crowdsourcing 8 (October 1, 2020): 178–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/hcomp.v8i1.7479.
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While most crowd work seeks consistent answers, creative domains often seek more diverse input. The typical crowd mechanisms for controlling quality may stifle creativity, yet removing them altogether could just produce noise. Schemas and metadata provide two mechanisms for embedding existing knowledge into task environments. Schemas are expert-derived patterns designed to structure how people think through a problem. Metadata, on the other hand, illustrate a range of creative input that fits within the structure of a schema. To understand the relative effects of schemas and metadata, we conducted a study where crowd workers are asked to generate creative interpretations for a set of placemaking examples. Crowd workers were guided either by schema plus metadata, schema alone, or neither. We found that showing schema along with crowd-produced metadata helped workers contribute interpretations that are both more on-topic and diverse, compared to using the schema alone or no schema. We discuss the implications on how crowds can creatively build on insights shared by others.
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Attouche, Lyes, Mohamed-Amine Baazizi, Dario Colazzo, Giorgio Ghelli, Carlo Sartiani, and Stefanie Scherzinger. "Witness Generation for JSON Schema." Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 15, no. 13 (September 2022): 4002–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/3565838.3565852.
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JSON Schema is a schema language for JSON documents, based on a complex combination of structural operators, Boolean operators (negation included), and recursive variables. The static analysis of JSON Schema documents comprises practically relevant problems, including schema satisfiability, inclusion, and equivalence. These problems can be reduced to witness generation: given a schema, generate an element of the schema --- if it exists --- and report failure otherwise. Schema satisfiability, inclusion, and equivalence have been shown to be decidable. However, no witness generation algorithm has yet been formally described. We contribute a first, direct algorithm for JSON Schema witness generation, and study its effectiveness and efficiency in experiments over several schema collections, including thousands of real-world schemas.
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Lee, Harrison, Raghav Gupta, Abhinav Rastogi, Yuan Cao, Bin Zhang, and Yonghui Wu. "SGD-X: A Benchmark for Robust Generalization in Schema-Guided Dialogue Systems." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 36, no. 10 (June 28, 2022): 10938–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i10.21341.
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Zero/few-shot transfer to unseen services is a critical challenge in task-oriented dialogue research. The Schema-Guided Dialogue (SGD) dataset introduced a paradigm for enabling models to support any service in zero-shot through schemas, which describe service APIs to models in natural language. We explore the robustness of dialogue systems to linguistic variations in schemas by designing SGD-X - a benchmark extending SGD with semantically similar yet stylistically diverse variants for every schema. We observe that two top state tracking models fail to generalize well across schema variants, measured by joint goal accuracy and a novel metric for measuring schema sensitivity. Additionally, we present a simple model-agnostic data augmentation method to improve schema robustness.
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Videler, Arjan C., Rita J. J. van Royen, Marjolein J. H. Legra, and Machteld A. Ouwens. "Positive schemas in schema therapy with older adults: clinical implications and research suggestions." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 48, no. 4 (March 10, 2020): 481–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465820000077.
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AbstractBackground:Schema therapy is an effective treatment for borderline personality disorder and other complex disorders. Schema therapy is feasible in older adults, and the first empirical support for its effectiveness in later life was provided in older patients with a cluster C personality disorder. The central concept of the schema therapy model is the early maladaptive schema (EMS). Early adaptive schemas (EAS) give rise to adaptive behaviour, and they also emerge during childhood, when core emotional needs are adequately met by primary caregivers.Aims:To examine the concept of EAS and its application in schema therapy with older adults.Method:Literature review and case example: the role of EAS in schema therapy with older adults is discussed and suggestions for integrating EAS in schema therapy in later life are proposed.Results:Directing attention in therapy to EAS may help strengthen the healthy adult mode, and it might also help change a negative life review. Working with positive schemas may be an important avenue for re-awakening positive aspects of patients, reinforcing the therapeutic relationship, creating a positive working atmosphere, and also for facilitating the introduction of experiential schema therapy techniques.Conclusions:This review suggests that positive schemas may be important vehicles of therapeutic change when working with older people. There is a need for validating the Young Positive Schema Questionnaire (YPSQ) in older adults, and for examining whether integrating EAS in schema therapy with older adults indeed has a positive effect on therapy outcome.
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Lindley, Craig A., and Charlotte C. Sennersten. "Game Play Schemas: From Player Analysis to Adaptive Game Mechanics." International Journal of Computer Games Technology 2008 (2008): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/216784.
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Schema theory provides a foundation for the analysis of game play patterns created by players during their interaction with a game. Schema models derived from the analysis of play provide a rich explanatory framework for the cognitive processes underlying game play, as well as detailed hypotheses for the hierarchical structure of pleasures and rewards motivating players. Game engagement is accounted for as a process of schema selection or development, while immersion is explained in terms of levels of attentional demand in schema execution. However, schemas may not only be used to describe play, but might be used actively as cognitive models within a game engine. Predesigned schema models are knowledge representations constituting anticipated or desired learned cognitive outcomes of play. Automated analysis of player schemas and comparison with predesigned target schemas can provide a foundation for a game engine adapting or tuning game mechanics to achieve specific effects of engagement, immersion, and cognitive skill acquisition by players. Hence, schema models may enhance the play experience as well as provide a foundation for achieving explicitly represented pedagogical or therapeutic functions of games.
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Gilboa, Asaf, and Hannah Marlatte. "Neurobiology of Schemas and Schema-Mediated Memory." Trends in Cognitive Sciences 21, no. 8 (August 2017): 618–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2017.04.013.
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Leahy, Robert L. "Introduction: Emotional Schemas and Emotional Schema Therapy." International Journal of Cognitive Therapy 12, no. 1 (December 17, 2018): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41811-018-0038-5.
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Navarro Ferrando, Ignasi. "The metaphorical use of "on"." Journal of English Studies 1 (May 29, 1999): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/jes.47.
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An attempt is made at refuting the idea that figurative uses of prepositions are chaotic. Figurative uses of the preposition on are explained as the result of metaphorical mappings from the physical domain onto abstract domains. The semantic structure of this preposition in the source domain is explained as a conceptual schema (support), which is formed as a combination of three more basic image schemas, namely, the contact schema, the control schema, and the force downwards schema. The Invariance Principle guarantees the preservation of the logic of these image schemas in target domains. The selection of a particular target domain is, therefore, motivated.
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Pusnik, Maja, Marjan Hericko, Zoran Budimac, and Bostjan Sumak. "XML schema metrics for quality evaluation." Computer Science and Information Systems 11, no. 4 (2014): 1271–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/csis140815077p.
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In XML Schema development, the quality of XML Schemas is a crucial issue for further steps in the life cycle of an application, closely correlated with the structure of XML Schemas and different building blocks. Current research focuses on measuring complexity of XML Schemas and mainly do not consider other quality aspects. This paper proposes a novel quality measuring approach, based on existing software engineering metrics, additionally defining quality aspect of XML Schemas in the following steps: (1) definition of six schema quality aspects, (2) adoption of 25 directly measurable XML Schema variables, (3) proposition of six composite metrics, applying 25 measured variables and (4) composite metrics validation. An experiment using 250 standard XML Schemas collected from available e-business information systems was conducted. The results illustrate influence of XML Schema characteristics on its quality and evaluate applicability of metrics in the measurement process, a useful tool for software developers while building or adopting XML Schemas.
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Stone, Merlin, Neil Woodcock, Yuksel Ekinci, Eleni Aravopoulou, and Brett David Parnell. "SCHEMA." Bottom Line 32, no. 1 (March 11, 2019): 98–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bl-02-2019-0065.
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PurposeThis paper aims to review the development of thinking about the information needed by companies to create an accurate picture of how well they manage their engagement with customers, taking into account the evolution of thinking and practice in this area over the past three decades towards the idea of data-driven customer engagement. It then describes the evolution and use of an assessment and benchmarking process and tool which provide the needed information.Design/methodology/approachLiterature review, conceptual analysis and explanation of the management consulting process are used.FindingsCompanies can get an accurate picture of how well they manage customer engagement provided that a careful assessment approach is used where assessors are properly selected and trained and that there is a strong focus on compliance with requirements rather than “box-ticking” based upon managers’ perceptions.Research limitations/implicationsThe assessment and benchmarking process was developed mainly for use by larger companies, though the findings could be adapted for use by smaller companies.Practical implicationsCompanies whose success depends upon customer engagement should consider using the assessment and benchmarking tool to guide their planning and implementation. They should heed the warnings about the risks of inaccurate assessments which may arise because of the incentives by which managers are managed.Social implicationsThe assessment and benchmarking process has been used by the public sector and government, and given government’s desire to engage citizens better, they should consider adopting the ideas in this paper to reform citizen engagement.Originality/valueThis is the only paper which reviews the development of the assessment process for customer engagement.
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Yasmin, Humaira, Atia Sharif, and Asma Rashid. "Antecedents and Consequences of Schema Modes among Adults." Journal of Peace, Development & Communication me 05, issue 2 (June 30, 2021): 304–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36968/jpdc-v05-i02-27.
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Personality disorders (PDs) have a long history of understanding the causes and consequences of PDs. The Schema Theory explained a series of psychological processes that led to the genesis of PDs, rather than the antecedents-consequences dichotomy. Bad childhood events, according to Young's Schema Theory, contribute to the formation of childhood negative cognitive schemas, some of which (schemas) survive into adulthood and transform into PDs. The same theoretically proposed strategy was tested in this investigation. Mediating role of schema modes between emotional maltreatment and PDs in adults was investigated. The study was conducted with 1000 adults by using cross-sectional survey design. Mediation analysis explained that schema modes mediated between emotional maltreatments and PDs of adults. Thus, the Schema Theory gained support from the empirical data. Schema modes mediated for all personality clusters including cluster-A, B and C. In line with these empirical insights, the maladaptive personality traits also mediated between emotional maltreatments and PDs of adults
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Rojec, Žiga, Tadej Tuma, Jernej Olenšek, Árpád Bűrmen, and Janez Puhan. "Meta-Optimization of Dimension Adaptive Parameter Schema for Nelder–Mead Algorithm in High-Dimensional Problems." Mathematics 10, no. 13 (June 30, 2022): 2288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10132288.
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Although proposed more than half a century ago, the Nelder–Mead simplex search algorithm is still widely used. Four numeric constants define the operations and behavior of the algorithm. The algorithm with the original constant values performs fine on most low-dimensional, but poorly on high-dimensional, problems. Therefore, to improve its behavior in high dimensions, several adaptive schemas setting the constants according to the problem dimension were proposed in the past. In this work, we present a novel adaptive schema obtained by a meta-optimization procedure. We describe a schema candidate with eight parameters subject to meta-optimization and define an objective function evaluating the candidate’s performance. The schema is optimized on up to 100-dimensional problems using the Parallel Simulated Annealing with Differential Evolution global method. The obtained global minimum represents the proposed schema. We compare the performance of the optimized schema with the existing adaptive schemas. The data profiles on the Gao–Han modified quadratic, Moré–Garbow–Hilstrom, and CUTEr (Constrained and Unconstrained Testing Environment, revisited) benchmark problem sets show that the obtained schema outperforms the existing adaptive schemas in terms of accuracy and convergence speed.
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Wang, Y. H., H. B. Zhang, and J. Xu. "A Survey of Appliactions and Researches on Schema Matching between GIS Spatial Data." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-7/W4 (June 26, 2015): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-7-w4-175-2015.
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As a fundamental problem of data management and application technology, schema matching has aroused the universal concern of the academic circles worldwide in recent years. In order to deepen the understandings of schema matching between spatial data and to identify its uses, the documentation method is adopted in this paper to firstly summarize and describe the foundation position and guidance role of schema matching in some typical applications such as spatial data integration (including schema-level integration and instance-level integration), updating information propagation, semantic query and handling, web geo-service finding. Then, aiming to the manual performance limitations of schema matching task in most systems, the previous works on schema matching are discussed mainly from four aspects of matching implementation approaches, matching efficiency optimization, matching results representation and matching capability evaluation for designing an automated approach and system. The related theories, models, approaches, limitations and new trends of current researches on schema matching are respectively analyzed. The conclusion is drawn by these analyses that schema matching researches are still faced with many theoretical and technological problems, the matching between schemas of spatial data will be more difficult and severe, and thus needs further studies since they are more heterogeneous, vaster and complex in structure than schemas of common data.
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Legra, M. J. H., F. R. J. Verhey, and S. P. J. van Alphen. "A first step toward integrating schema theory in geriatric psychiatry: a Delphi study." International Psychogeriatrics 29, no. 7 (April 10, 2017): 1069–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610217000412.
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ABSTRACTBackground:Schematherapy (ST) is an effective therapy for personality disorders (PD's) in adults, however, empirical research into ST in older adults is limited. The manifestation of schemas over the life course is unclear. Besides, long-term patterns of schemas in old age and whether schemas change during the aging process remain unknown.Methods:We performed a Delphi study involving a group meeting of nine experts in the field of ST in older adults.Results:Full consensus was achieved that schemas vary later in life, and that this is due to biopsychosocial factors. The concepts of schema triggering (the chance that a maladaptive schema is activated) and schema coping (the psychological and behavioral effort a person makes to minimize the stress that comes with the schema) in the past are important in clinical practice. Understanding how schemas are triggered during the life course and how patients deal with their schemas throughout life will help the therapist to complete the diagnostic puzzle in older individuals and to choose appropriate interventions.Conclusion:Schemas are flexible and dynamic constructs that can fade or intensify due to multiple factors. This study is a first step toward advancing the state of knowledge regarding schema theory in an aging population. The results will contribute to improvements in ST in older adults by developing an understanding of the plasticity of schemas during the life course.
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Xia, Yunyi, and Yuemin Wang. "A Cognitive Analysis of Poems in A Dream of Red Mansions from the Perspective of Image Schema." English Linguistics Research 10, no. 3 (June 22, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/elr.v10n3p1.
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This paper adopts a cognitive perspective in the analysis of various image schemas in the novel A Dream of Red Mansions, one of the most influential classical masterpieces in Chinese literature. Two poems from the novel are interpreted from the perspective of link schema, container schema, up-down schema, part-whole schema, and source-path-goal schema, to reveal the personalities, values and life philosophies of the two female protagonists. The contrast between the pessimism and melancholy of Daiyu and the optimism and aspiration of Baochai demonstrates the author’s understanding of that time and society, especially the status and fate of females. The analysis illustrates that image schemas, which involves bodily experience and metaphorical projection from concrete to abstract domains, can surpass language boundaries, reveal emotions and themes, and shed light on cross-cultural studies of literature.
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F Welles, James. "The Cognition of Schema." Psychology and Mental Health Care 3, no. 4 (December 23, 2019): 01–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2637-8892/046.
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The brain of an infant may be the blank tablet envisaged by Locke, but as it is shaped by both experience and language it develops into the mind of an adult. As the character of the ma-turing individual becomes defined, the mind shapes experiences decreasingly according to immediate stimuli themselves and increasingly according to linguistic interpretations of and emo-tional reactions to perceptions.
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Ning, Jiang, and Yajun Niu. "Schema Refreshment in Nostromo." International Journal of Languages, Literature and Linguistics 6, no. 1 (March 2020): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijlll.2020.6.1.251.
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Marwa, Jonni, Mustofa Agung Sardjono, Afif Ruchaemi, Simon Devung, and Reinardus Liborius Cabuy. "Benefit Sharing Schema from the Forest: Identifying Potential Distributions to Customary Communities in Teluk Bintuni District, Indonesia." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 67, no. 4 (2019): 963–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201967040963.
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This study identifies the benefits that traditional communities receive from the tropical rain forest in New Guinea, Indonesia. In this study, various benefit sharing schema developed by forest concession holder are assessed to understand the precise outcome compared to traditional welfare solutions. It further aims to identify benefit sharing schemas applied by concession investors in the forest sector and assesses these schema based on equitable principles. A questionnaire and semi‑structured interviews were used to collect data from traditional communities, concession holders, and the government. Interviews and field observations were randomly conducted and then analyzed for both quantitative and qualitative descriptions. The results indicate that there were five benefits sharing schemas i.e., those based on financial schema, based on the market, based on infrastructure, based on social management, and based on the transfer of knowledge and technology. Overall, all the schemas that were developed did not fulfil the same criteria. However, there were only two schemas that were considered to be equal and efficient: the financial based‑schema and infrastructure based‑schema. This is indicated by the larger number of criteria and requirements that they fulfil. Yet, all the schemas still present various conflicts either between customary communities and the government or between the communities and investors.
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Brenning, Katrijn, Guy Bosmans, Caroline Braet, and Lotte Theuwis. "Gender Differences in Cognitive Schema Vulnerability and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents." Behaviour Change 29, no. 3 (September 2012): 164–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bec.2012.15.
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This study aims to investigate whether gender differences in the prevalence of depressive symptoms, with girls reporting more depressive symptoms than boys, are related to gender differences in cognitive schema vulnerability. A cross-sectional study investigating adolescents from both clinical (N = 110) and non-clinical samples (N = 118) was conducted, using the Young Schema Questionnaire — Short Form (YSQ-SF) as a measure of cognitive schema vulnerability. Results show that adolescent girls tend to score higher on several maladaptive cognitive schemas, and that these schemas tend to be more highly correlated with depressive symptoms compared to adolescent boys. Further, cognitive schema vulnerability mediated the relationship between life-stress and depressive symptoms in girls but not in boys.
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HAGHIGHI, HASSAN, and SEYYED-HASSAN MIRIAN-HOSSEINABADI. "TOWARDS A CALCULUS FOR NONDETERMINISTIC SCHEMAS IN Z." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 22, no. 06 (September 2012): 839–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194012500222.
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In our previous work, we presented a Z-based formalism, called NZ, by which one can explicitly specify bounded, unbounded, erratic, angelic, demonic, loose, strict, singular, and plural nondeterminism. The NZ notation is mainly based on a new notion of operation schemas, called multi-schema. Since the operations of the Z schema calculus do not work on multi-schemas anymore, in this paper we augment NZ with a new set of schema calculus operations that can be applied on multi-schemas as well as ordinary operation schemas. To demonstrate the usability of the resulting formalism, we show how this formalism can assist to model game-like situations and concurrent systems as two well-known classes of nondeterministic systems.
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Peña Cervel, María Sandra. "Subsidiarity relationships between image-schemas : an approach to the force schema." Journal of English Studies 1 (May 29, 1999): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/jes.49.
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In this paper, we investigate the nature of the FORCE image-schema as subsidiary to the PATH schema. On the basis that not all image-schemas can be ranked on a par (see Pauwels and Simon-Vandenbergen 1993 and Peña 1998) we establish three different types of subsidiarity relationships between image-schemas. We further observe that the FORCE image-schema plays a prominent role in the conceptualization of metaphors for emotions in English. Additionally, the seemingly chaotic and abstract domain of emotions will be shown to be endowed with coherence and structure.
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Huibers, M. "CS05-02 - Schema therapy for chronic depression." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1783. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73487-3.
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Although schema or schema-focused therapy is now a well-established treatment for personality disorders such as borderline personality disorder, it was originally developed with long-lasting or chronic forms of depression in mind. In this presentation, I argue why schema therapy is a promising treatment for depression by giving an overview of currently available treatments; describing the theoretical framework of how schema therapy might apply to chronic depression; presenting empirical evidence on the early maladaptive schemas found in depressive patients receiving outpatient treatment; and by describing the design of an ongoing study in which the effectiveness and underlying mechanisms of change of schema therapy for chronic depression are examined.
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Raiyasmi, Dean, and Puspita Sari. "THE CONCEPTUALIZATION OF HAPPINESS USING FORCE IMAGE SCHEMA IN HUNGER GAMES TRILOGY BOOKS: COGNITIVE SEMANTIC STUDIES." English Journal Literacy Utama 4, no. 2 (June 8, 2020): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33197/ejlutama.vol4.iss2.2020.415.
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This research analyses the conceptualization of happiness using force image schema in hunger games trilogy books. This research is aimed at elaborating how the process of conceptualizing happiness by using force image schema and analyzing force image by using image schema and other image schema that plays an important role in determining happiness itself as force. The method used in this research is descriptive analysis method. The data are elaborated and described by using conceptual metaphor and force image schema. The results of the conceptualization of happiness using force image schema are occurred due to the lexical items used in each data. Even though these data are classified as happiness using force image schema, each data has different process due to the lexical items used in each sentence. Moreover, one of the data shows a complicated process which involves several image schemas to create a concept of happiness as force.
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Yao, Jiayu, Qingqing Lin, Ziwei Zheng, Shuangyi Chen, Yuan Wang, Wenhui Jiang, and Jianyin Qiu. "Characteristics of implicit schemas in patients with major depressive disorder." General Psychiatry 35, no. 3 (June 2022): e100794. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gpsych-2022-100794.
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BackgroundMany psychotherapy theories emphasise the importance of self-schema and other-schema, but most previous studies focused on the explicit self-schema in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the limited studies of implicit self-schema in MDD have shown inconsistencies in their findings. Furthermore, only a few studies have investigated the implicit other-schema, and the pathway illustrating how implicit schemas influence depression remains unclear.AimsThe primary aim of our study was to explore the characteristics of implicit self-schema and other-schema in patients with MDD. We also examine the chain-mediating effect of attachment relationships and interpersonal trust.MethodsThe present study included 88 patients with MDD and 88 healthy controls (HCs). The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17, Experiences in Close Relationships Inventory—Revised Questionnaire, Trust Scale and the Extrinsic Affective Simon Task (EAST) were used to assess depressive symptoms, attachment relationships, interpersonal trust and implicit schemas, respectively. Paired sample t-test was used to compare the reaction time (RT) for positive and negative words within the two groups. Analysis of covariance was used to explore the difference between two groups from the perspective of implicit schemas and interpersonal patterns. The chain mediation model was verified by bootstrap.Results(1) For interpersonal patterns, patients with MDD scored significantly higher on attachment anxiety (F=82.150, p<0.001) and attachment avoidance (F=23.192, p<0.001) and scored significantly lower on the predictability (F=30.297, p<0.001), dependence (F=39.728, p<0.001) and faith (F=60.997, p<0.001) dimensions of interpersonal trust. (2) As for implicit schemas, no significant difference was found between the RT for positive self-words and negative self-words in patients with MDD (t=−1.056, p=0.294). However, the HC responded faster to positive self-words than negative self-words (t=−3.286, p=0.001). The RT for positive other-words and negative other-words were significantly different in both patients with MDD (t=2.943, p=0.004) and HCs (t=−2.482, p=0.015), with opposite directions. The EAST effect of other-schema in patients with MDD was significantly different from that in HCs (F=13.051, p<0.001). (3) For the total sample, the EAST effect of other-schema significantly correlated with attachment avoidance, interpersonal trust and depressive symptoms. Attachment avoidance and interpersonal trust were the chain mediators between the EAST effect of other-schema and depressive symptoms (95% CI: −0.090 to −0.008). However, no significant results were found for the EAST effect of other-schema when correlation and mediation analyses were performed for HCs and patients with MDD separately.ConclusionsThis study verified that patients with MDD have abnormal interpersonal patterns and negative implicit schemas. However, no mediating effect of attachment relationships and interpersonal trust was found.
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Santucci, Giuseppe. "Semantic schema refinements for multilevel schema integration." Data & Knowledge Engineering 25, no. 3 (April 1998): 301–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-023x(97)00024-4.
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Mackworth, Alan K. "What is the schema for a schema?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 10, no. 3 (September 1987): 443–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x0002344x.
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Sorrentino, Serena, Sonia Bergamaschi, Maciej Gawinecki, and Laura Po. "Schema label normalization for improving schema matching." Data & Knowledge Engineering 69, no. 12 (December 2010): 1254–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.datak.2010.10.004.
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Stallard, Paul, and Helen Rayner. "The Development and Preliminary Evaluation of a Schema Questionnaire for Children (SQC)." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 33, no. 2 (December 16, 2004): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465804001912.
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This study describes the development and initial evaluation of a cognitive schema questionnaire for children. The Schema Questionnaire for Children (SQC) was designed to capture the 15 early maladaptive schemas proposed by Young (1990). Face validity of the questionnaire items as assessed by a group of CBT experts (n=16) was good. Concurrent validity was assessed by asking 47 school children aged 11–16 years of age to complete both the (SQC) and a British version of the 75 item Young's Schema Questionnaire short form (YSC-S). Significant correlations were obtained for 10 of the 15 schemas, with a further two approaching statistical significance. Although some of the correlations were modest, these initial results suggest that the SQC may be a valid quick and developmentally appropriate way of assessing Young's maladaptive schema in children.
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Girndt, Helmut. "9. Vorlesung: Das Schema des Schemas (133,10-137,20)." Fichte-Studien 26 (2006): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/fichte2006269.
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Rebaï, Rim Zghal, Fatma Mnif, Corinne Amel Zayani, and Ikram Amous. "Adaptive Global Schema Generation from Heterogeneous Metadata Schemas." Procedia Computer Science 60 (2015): 197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2015.08.119.
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Younan, Rita, Joan Farrell, and Tamara May. "‘Teaching Me to Parent Myself’: The Feasibility of an In-Patient Group Schema Therapy Programme for Complex Trauma." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 46, no. 4 (December 7, 2017): 463–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465817000698.
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Background: Group schema therapy is an emerging treatment for personality and other psychiatric disorders. It may be particularly suited to individuals with complex trauma given that early abuse is likely to create maladaptive schemas. Aims: This pilot study explored the feasibility and effectiveness of a 4-week in-patient group schema therapy programme for adults with complex trauma in a psychiatric hospital setting. Method: Thirty-six participants with complex trauma syndrome participated in this open trial. Treatment consisted of 60 hours of group schema therapy and 4 hours of individual schema therapy administered over 4 weeks. Feasibility measures included drop-out rates, qualitative interviews with participants to determine programme acceptability and measures of psychiatric symptoms, self-esteem, quality of life and schema modes pre-, post- and 3 months following the intervention. Results: Drop-out rate for the 4-week program was 11%. Thematic analysis of interview transcripts revealed four major themes: connection, mode language explained emotional states, identifying the origin of the problem and the emotional activation of the programme. Measures of psychiatric symptoms, self-esteem and quality of life showed improvement post-treatment and at 3 months post-treatment. There was a reduction in most maladaptive schema modes pre-/post-treatment. Conclusions: A group schema therapy approach for complex trauma is feasible and demonstrates positive effects on psychiatric symptoms and maladaptive schemas.
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Kulyk, Mykola, Volodymir Kharchenko, and Mykhailo Matiychyk. "JUSTIFICATION OF THRUST VECTOR DEFLECTION OF TWIN-ENGINE UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE POWER PLANTS / DVIMOTORIO BEPILOČIO ORLAIVIO TRAUKOS VEKTORIŲ VALDYMO PAGRINDIMAS." Aviation 15, no. 1 (April 14, 2011): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16487788.2011.566319.
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A new pattern of twin-engine power plant installation in an unmanned aerial vehicle of the conventional aerodynamic scheme is presented. Reasons for moments of harmful pitching and diving are identified and a method of elimination is suggested. Santrauka Pateikta nauja dviejų variklių patalpinimo schema bepiločiame orlaivyje, turinčiame normalią aerodinaminę schemą. Nustatytos pavojingų polinkio momentų priežastys bei pasiūlyti jų pašalinimo būdai.
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Atserias, Albert, and Phokion G. Kolaitis. "Structure and Complexity of Bag Consistency." ACM SIGMOD Record 51, no. 1 (May 31, 2022): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3542700.3542719.
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Since the early days of relational databases, it was realized that acyclic hypergraphs give rise to database schemas with desirable structural and algorithmic properties. In a bynow classical paper, Beeri, Fagin, Maier, and Yannakakis established several different equivalent characterizations of acyclicity; in particular, they showed that the sets of attributes of a schema form an acyclic hypergraph if and only if the local-to-global consistency property for relations over that schema holds, which means that every collection of pairwise consistent relations over the schema is globally consistent. Even though real-life databases consist of bags (multisets), there has not been a study of the interplay between local consistency and global consistency for bags. We embark on such a study here and we first show that the sets of attributes of a schema form an acyclic hypergraph if and only if the local-to-global consistency property for bags over that schema holds. After this, we explore algorithmic aspects of global consistency for bags by analyzing the computational complexity of the global consistency problem for bags: given a collection of bags, are these bags globally consistent? We show that this problem is in NP, even when the schema is part of the input. We then establish the following dichotomy theorem for fixed schemas: if the schema is acyclic, then the global consistency problem for bags is solvable in polynomial time, while if the schema is cyclic, then the global consistency problem for bags is NP-complete. The latter result contrasts sharply with the state of affairs for relations, where, for each fixed schema, the global consistency problem for relations is solvable in polynomial time.
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Hu, Tianxun, Tianzheng Wang, and Qingqing Zhou. "Online schema evolution is (almost) free for snapshot databases." Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 16, no. 2 (October 2022): 140–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/3565816.3565818.
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Modern database applications often change their schemas to keep up with the changing requirements. However, support for online and transactional schema evolution remains challenging in existing database systems. Specifically, prior work often takes ad hoc approaches to schema evolution with "patches" applied to existing systems, leading to many corner cases and often incomplete functionality. Applications therefore often have to carefully schedule downtimes for schema changes, sacrificing availability. This paper presents Tesseract, a new approach to online and transactional schema evolution without the aforementioned drawbacks. We design Tesseract based on a key observation: in widely used multi-versioned database systems, schema evolution can be modeled as data modification operations that change the entire table, i.e., data-definition-as-modification (DDaM). This allows us to support schema almost "for free" by leveraging the concurrency control protocol. By simple tweaks to existing snapshot isolation protocols, on a 40-core server we show that under a variety of workloads, Tesseract is able to provide online, transactional schema evolution without service downtime, and retain high application performance when schema evolution is in progress.
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Nurhendratno, Slamet Sudaryanto, and Sudaryanto Sudaryanto. "DATA INTEGRATION MODEL DESIGN FOR SUPPORTING DATA CENTER PATIENT SERVICES DISTRIBUTED INSURANCE PURCHASE WITH VIEW BASED DATA INTEGRATION." Computer Engineering, Science and System Journal 3, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/cess.v3i2.8895.
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Data integration is an important step in integrating information from multiple sources. The problem is how to find and combine data from scattered data sources that are heterogeneous and have semantically informant interconnections optimally. The heterogeneity of data sources is the result of a number of factors, including storing databases in different formats, using different software and hardware for database storage systems, designing in different data semantic models (Katsis & Papakonstantiou, 2009, Ziegler & Dittrich , 2004). Nowadays there are two approaches in doing data integration that is Global as View (GAV) and Local as View (LAV), but both have different advantages and limitations so that proper analysis is needed in its application. Some of the major factors to be considered in making efficient and effective data integration of heterogeneous data sources are the understanding of the type and structure of the source data (source schema). Another factor to consider is also the view type of integration result (target schema). The results of the integration can be displayed into one type of global view or a variety of other views. So in integrating data whose source is structured the approach will be different from the integration of the data if the data source is not structured or semi-structured. Scheme mapping is a specific declaration that describes the relationship between the source scheme and the target scheme. In the scheme mapping is expressed in in some logical formulas that can help applications in data interoperability, data exchange and data integration. In this paper, in the case of establishing a patient referral center data center, it requires integration of data whose source is derived from a number of different health facilities, it is necessary to design a schema mapping system (to support optimization). Data Center as the target orientation schema (target schema) from various reference service units as a source schema (source schema) has the characterization and nature of data that is structured and independence. So that the source of data can be integrated tersetruktur of the data source into an integrated view (as a data center) with an equivalent query rewriting (equivalent). The data center as a global schema serves as a schema target requires a "mediator" that serves "guides" to maintain global schemes and map (mapping) between global and local schemes. Data center as from Global As View (GAV) here tends to be single and unified view so to be effective in its integration process with various sources of schema which is needed integration facilities "integration". The "Pemadu" facility is a declarative mapping language that allows to specifically link each of the various schema sources to the data center. So that type of query rewriting equivalent is suitable to be applied in the context of query optimization and maintenance of physical data independence.Keywords: Global as View (GAV), Local as View (LAV), source schema ,mapping schema
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Med, Michal, and Petr Souček. "ANALYSIS AND IMPLEMENTATION OF APPLICATION SCHEMAS FOR THE INSPIRE BUILDINGS THEME." Acta Polytechnica 56, no. 4 (August 31, 2016): 291–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2016.56.0291.
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Implementing the INSPIRE directive involves transforming various data themes into the structure and content given by Data Specifications published by the Joint Research Center of the European Commission. The data is to be published in the GML format, which is the standard for the Open Geospatial Consortium. The validity of the data structure is ensured by validation against XML schemas. These schemas are usually also provided by JRC, though not necessarily for all application schemas. Six application schemas are defined for the currently implemented Buildings theme, but XML schemas are available for only three of them. All application schemas have been analyzed, and it has been found that the most suitable data model corresponds most closely to the BuildingsExtended2D application schema. No XML schema has been provided by JRC in the current version. The BuildingsExtendedBase abstract XML schema was also needed when using the previous schemas. There is now a need to create these missing XML schemas.
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Lin, Tiffany Ying-Yu, and I.-Hsuan Chen. "How Semantics is Embodied through Visual Representation: Image Schemas in the Art of Chinese Calligraphy." Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 38 (September 25, 2012): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/bls.v38i0.3338.
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<p>This study aims to investigate abstract reasoning and embodied cognition through the analysis of image schemas and conceptual metaphors in the interplay of art and language. Chinese calligraphy is noteworthy due to its unique embodied characteristics and image-schematic representations of visual art and language. The art of Chinese calligraphy not only represents the visual forms of Chinese characters but also conveys meanings, emotion, and style, demonstrating the aesthetics of language and art. By analyzing image schemas and metaphors in classical works of art, this paper shows how semantics is conceptualized and embodied through visual representation of Chinese calligraphy. In this study, we examine how semantics is visualized within the topological structure of cognitive mechanisms of a CONTAINER schema, the crucial image schema that structures the conceptualization of spatial relation concepts. This paper proposes that the CONTAINER schema, the BALANCE schema, the FORCE schema, as well as the metaphors SIGNIFICANCE IS SIZE and MIND IS A BODY, which may motivate the calligrapher’s creative process, underlie the art of Chinese calligraphy.</p>
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RASCHID, LOUIQA, and YA-HUI CHANG. "INTEROPERABLE QUERY PROCESSING FROM OBJECT TO RELATIONAL SCHEMAS BASED ON A PARAMETERIZED CANONICAL REPRESENTATION." International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems 04, no. 01 (March 1995): 81–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218843095000044.
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In this paper, we develop techniques for interoperable query processing between object and relational schemas. The objective is to pose a query against a local object schema and be able to share information transparently from target relational databases. Our approach is a mapping approach (as opposed to a global schema approach) and is based on using canonical representations (CR). We use one CR for resolving heterogeneity based on the object and relational query languages. We use a second parameterized CR to resolve representational heterogeneity between object and relational schema, and to build a mapping knowledge dictionary. There is also a set of mapping rules, based on the parameters of the CR, which defines the appropriate mapping between schemas. A query posed against the local object schema is first represented in the CR for queries, and then transformed by the mapping rules, to an appropriate query for the target relational schema, using relevant information from the mapping knowledge dictionary. The use of the parameterized CR allows us to build the mapping knowledge dictionary easily, and allows reusability of the mapping rules.
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Munsakorn, N. "Schema as a Springboard for Professional Reading Competence: Activating Schema via Self-Generated Questioning." International Journal of Information and Education Technology 5, no. 4 (2015): 270–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijiet.2015.v5.515.
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